A catalyst system comprising a metal-ligand complex according to formula: where: M is a metal chosen from titanium, zirconium, or hafnium, the metal being in a formal oxidation state of +2, +3, or +4; n is 0, 1, or 2; when n is 1, X is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand; when n is 2, each X is an independently chosen monodentate ligand; the metal-ligand complex is overall charge-neutral; each Z is independently chosen from -O-, -S-, -N(R N)-, or -P(R P)-; R 1 and R 16 are independently selected from the group consisting of -H, (C 1 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 40)heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(R C) 3, -Ge(R C) 3, -P(R P) 2, -N(R N) 2, -OR C, -SR C, -NO 2, -CN, -CF 3, R C S -, R C S 2 -, (R C) 2 C=N-, R C C O-, R C OC -, R C C N -, (R C) 2 NC -, halogen, radicals having formula, radicals having formula, and radicals having formula: where each of R 31-35, R 41-48, and R 51-59 is independently chosen from (C 1 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 40)heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(R C) 3, -Ge(R C) 3, -P(R P) 2, -N(R N) 2, -N=CHR C, -OR C, -SR C, -NO 2, -CN, -CF 3, R C S -, R C S 2 -, (R C) 2 C=N-, R C C O-, R C OC -, R C C N(R N)-, (R C) 2 NC -, halogen, or -H, provided at least one of R 1 or R 16 is a radical having formula, a radical having formula, or a radical having formula; each of R 2-4, R 5-8, R 9-12, and R 13-15 is independently selected from (C 1 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 40)heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(R C) 3, -Ge(R C) 3, -P(R P) 2, -N(R N) 2, -N=CHR C, -OR C, -SR C, -NO 2, -CN, -CF 3, R C S -, R C S 2 -, (R C) 2 C=N-, R C C O-, R C OC -, R C C N -, (R C) 2 NC -, halogen, and -H; R 17 and R 18 are independently (C 2 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, provided that when both R 17 and R 18 are ethyl, not more than two of R 5-7 are fluorine or not more than two R 10-12 are fluorine; optionally R 17 and R 18 are joined together to form a (C 3 -C 50)hydrocarbylene; R 23 and R 24 are independently selected from -(CR C 2) m -, where m is 1 or 2; each R C, R 1, and R N in formula is independently a (C 1 -C 30)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 30)heterohydrocarbyl, or-H. M is a metal chosen from titanium, zirconium, or hafnium, the metal being in a formal oxidation state of +2, +3, or +4; n is 0, 1, or 2; when n is 1, X is a monodentate ligand or a bidentate ligand; when n is 2, each X is an independently chosen monodentate ligand; the metal-ligand complex is overall charge-neutral; each Z is independently chosen from -O-, -S-, -N(R N)-, or -P(R P)-; R 1 and R 16 are independently selected from the group consisting of -H, (C 1 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 40)heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(R C) 3, -Ge(R C) 3, -P(R P) 2, -N(R N) 2, -OR C, -SR C, -NO 2, -CN, -CF 3, R C S -, R C S 2 -, (R C) 2 C=N-, R C C O-, R C OC -, R C C N -, (R C) 2 NC -, halogen, radicals having formula, radicals having formula, and radicals having formula: where each of R 31-35, R 41-48, and R 51-59 is independently chosen from (C 1 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 40)heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(R C) 3, -Ge(R C) 3, -P(R P) 2, -N(R N) 2, -N=CHR C, -OR C, -SR C, -NO 2, -CN, -CF 3, R C S -, R C S 2 -, (R C) 2 C=N-, R C C O-, R C OC -, R C C N(R N)-, (R C) 2 NC -, halogen, or -H, provided at least one of R 1 or R 16 is a radical having formula, a radical having formula, or a radical having formula; each of R 2-4, R 5-8, R 9-12, and R 13-15 is independently selected from (C 1 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 40)heterohydrocarbyl, -Si(R C) 3, -Ge(R C) 3, -P(R P) 2, -N(R N) 2, -N=CHR C, -OR C, -SR C, -NO 2, -CN, -CF 3, R C S -, R C S 2 -, (R C) 2 C=N-, R C C O-, R C OC -, R C C N -, (R C) 2 NC -, halogen, and -H; R 17 and R 18 are independently (C 2 -C 40)hydrocarbyl, provided that when both R 17 and R 18 are ethyl, not more than two of R 5-7 are fluorine or not more than two R 10-12 are fluorine; optionally R 17 and R 18 are joined together to form a (C 3 -C 50)hydrocarbylene; R 23 and R 24 are independently selected from -(CR C 2) m -, where m is 1 or 2; each R C, R 1, and R N in formula is independently a (C 1 -C 30)hydrocarbyl, (C 1 -C 30)heterohydrocarbyl, or-H.