An electromagnetic clutch, comprising: a fixed component, a driven component and an elastic component, wherein the fixed component comprises a magnetic yoke, the magnetic yoke is provided thereon with multiple iron cores, each iron core is provided thereon with a coil, the driven component comprises an armature disc, and the armature disc is provided thereon with multiple magnets; the armature disc and the magnetic yoke are disposed correspondingly, and the iron cores and the magnets are disposed correspondingly; the elastic component is used to keep the armature disc at a disengaged position from magnetic yoke; when the coil is energized in a forward direction, the iron core attracts the magnet, and the armature disc overcomes an elastic force of the elastic component and moves to an engaged position with the magnetic yoke, so that the fixed component and the driven component are connected for transmission; and when the coil is energized in a reverse direction, the iron core generates an electromagnetic force to reduce an attractive force of the magnet, the elastic force of the elastic component overcomes the attractive force of the magnet, and repels the armature disc to a disengaged position from the magnetic yoke, the driven component is slidably sleeved on a first shaft, and the fixed component is fixed on a second shaft; and a top end of the first shaft is fixed with a shaft pressing plate, and the elastic component is provided between the driven component and the shaft pressing plate, the driven component also comprises a movable gear sleeve, the fixed component comprises a fixed gear sleeve, and the movable gear sleeve and the fixed gear sleeve can be engaged for transmission; and the magnetic yoke is fixedly sleeved outside the fixed gear sleeve, the armature disc is rotatably sleeved outside the movable gear sleeve, and the movable gear sleeve is movable axially along with the armature disc, characterized in that the magnetic yoke and the fixed gear sleeve are in clearance fit, so that the magnetic yoke and the fixed gear sleeve are rotatable relative to each other, and the fixed gear sleeve and the movable gear sleeve rotate together at an engaged position while the magnetic yoke and the armature disc remain fixed. the armature disc and the magnetic yoke are disposed correspondingly, and the iron cores and the magnets are disposed correspondingly; the elastic component is used to keep the armature disc at a disengaged position from magnetic yoke; when the coil is energized in a forward direction, the iron core attracts the magnet, and the armature disc overcomes an elastic force of the elastic component and moves to an engaged position with the magnetic yoke, so that the fixed component and the driven component are connected for transmission; and when the coil is energized in a reverse direction, the iron core generates an electromagnetic force to reduce an attractive force of the magnet, the elastic force of the elastic component overcomes the attractive force of the magnet, and repels the armature disc to a disengaged position from the magnetic yoke, the driven component is slidably sleeved on a first shaft, and the fixed component is fixed on a second shaft; and a top end of the first shaft is fixed with a shaft pressing plate, and the elastic component is provided between the driven component and the shaft pressing plate, the driven component also comprises a movable gear sleeve, the fixed component comprises a fixed gear sleeve, and the movable gear sleeve and the fixed gear sleeve can be engaged for transmission; and the magnetic yoke is fixedly sleeved outside the fixed gear sleeve, the armature disc is rotatably sleeved outside the movable gear sleeve, and the movable gear sleeve is movable axially along with the armature disc, characterized in that the magnetic yoke and the fixed gear sleeve are in clearance fit, so that the magnetic yoke and the fixed gear sleeve are rotatable relative to each other, and the fixed gear sleeve and the movable gear sleeve rotate together at an engaged position while the magnetic yoke and the armature disc remain fixed.