A broadband signal receiving apparatus, wherein the apparatus comprises: a preconfiguring unit, a filter unit, a preselecting unit, and a signal receiving and processing unit, wherein the preselecting unit is configured to preselect a receive channel that receives a signal from a broadband antenna, and the preselecting unit is configured to preselect a first receive channel and a second receive channel; the preconfiguring unit is configured to preconfigure predetermined operating frequency bands of the filter unit and the signal receiving and processing unit of each receive channel, wherein the predetermined operating frequency band comprises at least one frequency band; the filter unit is configured to perform filtering on a radio frequency signal received from a broadband antenna by a receive channel in which the filter unit is located, to obtain a filtered signal of the predetermined operating frequency band; and the signal receiving and processing unit is configured to receive and process a signal of the predetermined operating frequency band that is obtained by the filter unit of the receive channel in which the signal receiving and processing unit is located, the preconfiguring unit is further configured to preconfigure predetermined operating frequency bands of a filter unit and a signal receiving and processing unit of the first receive channel and predetermined operating frequency bands of a filter unit and a signal receiving and processing unit of the second receive channel as a first frequency band, or a first frequency band and a second frequency band, or a first frequency band and a third frequency band, or a first frequency band, a second frequency band, and a third frequency band, wherein the filter unit of the first receive channel specifically comprises a first filter and a second filter, wherein the first filter is configured to perform filtering on a radio frequency signal received by the first receive channel from a broadband antenna, to obtain a filtered signal of the first frequency band; and the second filter is configured to perform filtering on the radio frequency signal received by the first receive channel from the broadband antenna, to obtain a filtered signal of the second frequency band, a filtered signal of the third frequency band, or filtered signals of the second frequency band and the third frequency band; the filter unit of the second receive channel specifically comprises a third filter and a fourth filter, wherein the third filter is configured to perform filtering on a radio frequency signal received by the second receive channel from a broadband antenna, to obtain a filtered signal of the first frequency band; and the fourth filter is configured to perform filtering on the radio frequency signal received by the second receive channel from the broadband antenna, to obtain a filtered signal of the second frequency band, a filtered signal of the third frequency band, or filtered signals of the second frequency band and the third frequency band; the signal receiving and processing unit of the first receive channel specifically comprises a first signal receiving and processing unit and a second signal receiving and processing unit, wherein the first signal receiving and processing unit is configured to receive and process the filtered signal, obtained by the first filter of the first receive channel, of the first frequency band; and the second signal receiving and processing unit is configured to receive and process the filtered signal of the second frequency band, the filtered signal of the third frequency band, or the filtered signals of the second frequency band and the third frequency band that are obtained by the second filter of the first receive channel; and the signal receiving and processing unit of the second receive channel specifically comprises a third signal receiving and processing unit and a fourth signal receiving and processing unit, wherein the third signal receiving and processing unit is configured to receive and process the filtered signal, obtained by the third filter of the second receive channel, of the first frequency band; and the fourth signal receiving and processing unit is configured to receive and process the filtered signal of the second frequency band, the filtered signal of the third frequency band, or the filtered signals of the second frequency band and the third frequency band that are obtained by the fourth filter of the second receive channel.