A method for determining whether a subject has benign prostatic hyperplasia from prostate cancer (CaP), comprising: (a) generating a threshold value for discerning between BPH and prostate cancer by: detecting at least two analytes in a series of biological samples obtained from a population of subjects having BPH and a population of subjects having CaP, to thereby obtain an analyte level for each said analyte in each said biological sample of the series; combining the analyte levels in a manner that allows discrimination between the BPH and CaP samples; and selecting a threshold value from the combined analyte levels and using said threshold value as a basis to discriminate between BPH and CaP in the sample; and (b) detecting said at least two analytes in a biological sample from a subject to thereby obtain an analyte level for each said analyte in the subject's biological sample; and (c) applying a suitable algorithm and/or transformation to the individual or combined analyte levels obtained from the subject's biological sample to thereby generate a patient analyte value for comparison to the threshold value; and (d) determining whether the subject has BPH or CaP by comparison of the patient analyte value to the threshold value, wherein the at least two analytes comprise glypican-1 (GPC-1) and are selected from any one of the following analyte combinations: GPC-1 and hepatocyte growth factor GPC-1 and epidermal growth factor; GPC-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1); GPC-1 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF); GPC-1 and human Interleukin 18 (HuIL-18); GPC-1 and platelet derived growth factor AB.BB (PDGFAB.BB); GPC-1 and platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB); GPC-1 and soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L); GPC-1 and human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (HuGM-CSF); GPC-1 and interferon gamma (IFNγ); and GPC-1 and follistatin. (a) generating a threshold value for discerning between BPH and prostate cancer by: detecting at least two analytes in a series of biological samples obtained from a population of subjects having BPH and a population of subjects having CaP, to thereby obtain an analyte level for each said analyte in each said biological sample of the series; combining the analyte levels in a manner that allows discrimination between the BPH and CaP samples; and selecting a threshold value from the combined analyte levels and using said threshold value as a basis to discriminate between BPH and CaP in the sample; and detecting at least two analytes in a series of biological samples obtained from a population of subjects having BPH and a population of subjects having CaP, to thereby obtain an analyte level for each said analyte in each said biological sample of the series; combining the analyte levels in a manner that allows discrimination between the BPH and CaP samples; and selecting a threshold value from the combined analyte levels and using said threshold value as a basis to discriminate between BPH and CaP in the sample; and (b) detecting said at least two analytes in a biological sample from a subject to thereby obtain an analyte level for each said analyte in the subject's biological sample; and (c) applying a suitable algorithm and/or transformation to the individual or combined analyte levels obtained from the subject's biological sample to thereby generate a patient analyte value for comparison to the threshold value; and (d) determining whether the subject has BPH or CaP by comparison of the patient analyte value to the threshold value, wherein the at least two analytes comprise glypican-1 (GPC-1) and are selected from any one of the following analyte combinations: GPC-1 and hepatocyte growth factor GPC-1 and epidermal growth factor; GPC-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1); GPC-1 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF); GPC-1 and human Interleukin 18 (HuIL-18); GPC-1 and platelet derived growth factor AB.BB (PDGFAB.BB); GPC-1 and platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB); GPC-1 and soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L); GPC-1 and human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (HuGM-CSF); GPC-1 and interferon gamma (IFNγ); and GPC-1 and follistatin. GPC-1 and hepatocyte growth factor GPC-1 and epidermal growth factor; GPC-1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1); GPC-1 and granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF); GPC-1 and human Interleukin 18 (HuIL-18); GPC-1 and platelet derived growth factor AB.BB (PDGFAB.BB); GPC-1 and platelet derived growth factor BB (PDGFBB); GPC-1 and soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L); GPC-1 and human granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (HuGM-CSF); GPC-1 and interferon gamma (IFNγ); and GPC-1 and follistatin.