A decoder, comprising at least one computing unit, characterized in that the computing unit is configured to: acquire soft bit information to be decoded of a variable node n in a layer of a basic matrix of a low-density parity-check, LDPC, code, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than an amount of columns b of the basic matrix; determine whether an amount of decoding iterations i of the LDPC code is less than a preset decoding iteration threshold; in response to the amount of decoding iterations i being determined less than the preset decoding iteration threshold, determine whether an amount of decoding layers k of the LDPC code is less than an amount of rows a of the basic matrix; in response to the amount of decoding layers k of the LDPC code being less than the amount of rows a of the basic matrix, determine soft bit information of a variable node n in a k th layer of the basic matrix according to the soft bit information of a variable node n in a (k-1) th layer of the basic matrix, a check node information from a variable node n to a check node m in a k th layer of the basic matrix in a decoding iteration (i-1) th and a check node information from the variable node n to the check node m in the k th layer of the basic matrix, and determine variable node information from a variable node n to a check node m in a (k+1) th layer of the basic matrix according to the soft bit information of the variable node n in the (k-1) th layer of the basic matrix and a check node information from a variable node n to a check node m in a (k+1) th layer of the basic matrix in the decoding iteration (i-1) th; determine check node information from the check node m to the variable node n in the (k+1) th layer of the basic matrix according to variable node information of all variable nodes connected to the check node m in the (k+1) th layer except the variable node n; update the amount of decoding layers k to k+1, and re-determine whether the amount of decoding layers k of the LDPC code is less than the amount of rows a of the basic matrix; and in response to the amount of decoding layers k being greater than or equal to the amount of rows a of the basic matrix, update the amount of decoding iterations i to i+1, and re-determine whether the amount of decoding iterations i of the LDPC code is less than the preset decoding iteration threshold, until the amount of decoding iterations i is equal to the preset decoding iteration threshold, determine the soft bit information of the variable node n in the k th layer as a decoding result of the soft bit information to be decoded of the variable node n in the basic matrix; wherein, when i has an initial value of 0, k has an initial value of 0, and, when k=0 or 1, the soft bit information of the variable node n in the k-1 th layer is the soft bit information to be decoded of the variable node n in the basic matrix. acquire soft bit information to be decoded of a variable node n in a layer of a basic matrix of a low-density parity-check, LDPC, code, wherein n is an integer greater than or equal to 0 and less than an amount of columns b of the basic matrix; determine whether an amount of decoding iterations i of the LDPC code is less than a preset decoding iteration threshold; in response to the amount of decoding iterations i being determined less than the preset decoding iteration threshold, determine whether an amount of decoding layers k of the LDPC code is less than an amount of rows a of the basic matrix; in response to the amount of decoding layers k of the LDPC code being less than the amount of rows a of the basic matrix, determine soft bit information of a variable node n in a k th layer of the basic matrix according to the soft bit information of a variable node n in a (k-1) th layer of the basic matrix, a check node information from a variable node n to a check node m in a k th layer of the basic matrix in a decoding iteration (i-1) th and a check node information from the variable node n to the check node m in the k th layer of the basic matrix, and determine variable node information from a variable node n to a check node m in a (k+1) th layer of the basic matrix according to the soft bit information of the variable node n in the (k-1) th layer of the basic matrix and a check node information from a variable node n to a check node m in a (k+1) th layer of the basic matrix in the decoding iteration (i-1) th; determine check node information from the check node m to the variable node n in the (k+1) th layer of the basic matrix according to variable node information of all variable nodes connected to the check node m in the (k+1) th layer except the variable node n; update the amount of decoding layers k to k+1, and re-determine whether the amount of decoding layers k of the LDPC code is less than the amount of rows a of the basic matrix; and in response to the amount of decoding layers k being greater than or equal to the amount of rows a of the basic matrix, update the amount of decoding iterations i to i+1, and re-determine whether the amount of decoding iterations i of the LDPC code is less than the preset decoding iteration threshold, until the amount of decoding iterations i is equal to the preset decoding iteration threshold, determine the soft bit information of the variable node n in the k th layer as a decoding result of the soft bit information to be decoded of the variable node n in the basic matrix; wherein, when i has an initial value of 0, k has an initial value of 0, and, when k=0 or 1, the soft bit information of the variable node n in the k-1 th layer is the soft bit information to be decoded of the variable node n in the basic matrix.