An electrochromic compound, represented by the following general formula or: where X 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group; R 11 to R 31 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group; B 1 and B 2 are each independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group; A1 -, A2 -, A3 - and A4 - are each a monovalent anion; m and n are each independently 1, 2, or 3; and Y is a bivalent organic group, which contains at least one methylene group, and may contain an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group; where the monovalent group represented with X 3 and the monovalent groups represented with R 11 to R 31 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, an alkoxy carbonyl group, an aryloxy carbonyl group, an alkyl carbonyl group, an aryl carbonyl group, an amide group, an aminocarbonyl group, a monoalkyl aminocarbonyl group, a dialkyl aminocarbonyl group, a monoaryl aminocarbonyl group, diaryl aminocarbonyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonyl group, an alkoxy sulfonyl group, an aryloxy sulfonyl group, an alkyl sulfonyl group, an aryl sulfonyl group, a sulfonamide group, an aminosulfonyl group, a monoalkyl aminosulfonyl group, a dialkyl aminosulfonyl group, a monoaryl aminosulfonyl group, diaryl aminosulfonyl group, an amino group, a monoalkyl amino group, dialkyl amino group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, and a heterocyclic group; and where the functional group, if present, is each independently selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a silyl group, and a silanol group. where X 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group; R 11 to R 31 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a monovalent group; B 1 and B 2 are each independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group, or an aromatic hydrocarbon group that may contain a functional group; A1 -, A2 -, A3 - and A4 - are each a monovalent anion; m and n are each independently 1, 2, or 3; and Y is a bivalent organic group, which contains at least one methylene group, and may contain an aliphatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic hydrocarbon group; where the monovalent group represented with X 3 and the monovalent groups represented with R 11 to R 31 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, a cyano group, a carboxyl group, a carbonyl group, an alkoxy carbonyl group, an aryloxy carbonyl group, an alkyl carbonyl group, an aryl carbonyl group, an amide group, an aminocarbonyl group, a monoalkyl aminocarbonyl group, a dialkyl aminocarbonyl group, a monoaryl aminocarbonyl group, diaryl aminocarbonyl group, a sulfonic acid group, a sulfonyl group, an alkoxy sulfonyl group, an aryloxy sulfonyl group, an alkyl sulfonyl group, an aryl sulfonyl group, a sulfonamide group, an aminosulfonyl group, a monoalkyl aminosulfonyl group, a dialkyl aminosulfonyl group, a monoaryl aminosulfonyl group, diaryl aminosulfonyl group, an amino group, a monoalkyl amino group, dialkyl amino group, an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, an alkylthio group, an arylthio group, and a heterocyclic group; and where the functional group, if present, is each independently selected from the group consisting of a phosphonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxylic acid group, a silyl group, and a silanol group.