A composition for detecting and identifying a pathogen that causes a respiratory tract infection, comprising: a first nucleic acid composition: an influenza A forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, an influenza A reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and an influenza A probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3; an influenza B forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, an influenza B reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, and an influenza B probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6; a rhinovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, a rhinovirus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:8, a rhinovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, and a rhinovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:10; and a second nucleic acid composition: a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, a respiratory adenovirus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, a respiratory adenovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and a respiratory adenovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; a respiratory syncytial virus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16, a respiratory syncytial virus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:17, and a respiratory syncytial virus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18; a mycoplasma pneumoniae forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, a mycoplasma pneumoniae reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, and a mycoplasma pneumoniae probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:21; wherein, fluorescent groups comprised in the respective probes of the first nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other, and fluorescent groups comprised in the respective probes of the second nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other. a first nucleic acid composition: an influenza A forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, an influenza A reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and an influenza A probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3; an influenza B forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, an influenza B reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, and an influenza B probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6; a rhinovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, a rhinovirus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:8, a rhinovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, and a rhinovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:10; and an influenza A forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:1, an influenza A reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:2, and an influenza A probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:3; an influenza B forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:4, an influenza B reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:5, and an influenza B probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:6; a rhinovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:7, a rhinovirus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:8, a rhinovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:9, and a rhinovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:10; and a second nucleic acid composition: a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, a respiratory adenovirus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, a respiratory adenovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and a respiratory adenovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; a respiratory syncytial virus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16, a respiratory syncytial virus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:17, and a respiratory syncytial virus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18; a mycoplasma pneumoniae forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, a mycoplasma pneumoniae reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, and a mycoplasma pneumoniae probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:21; wherein, fluorescent groups comprised in the respective probes of the first nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other, and fluorescent groups comprised in the respective probes of the second nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other. a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11, a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 12, a respiratory adenovirus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 13, a respiratory adenovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 14, and a respiratory adenovirus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 15; a respiratory syncytial virus forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:16, a respiratory syncytial virus reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:17, and a respiratory syncytial virus probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:18; a mycoplasma pneumoniae forward primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:19, a mycoplasma pneumoniae reverse primer as set forth in SEQ ID NO:20, and a mycoplasma pneumoniae probe as set forth in SEQ ID NO:21; wherein, fluorescent groups comprised in the respective probes of the first nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other, and fluorescent groups comprised in the respective probes of the second nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other.