A voice over Internet protocol processing method, comprising: detecting, by a calling access network element, an off-hook event, wherein the off-hook event is off-hook of a first phone set, and the first phone set is connected to the calling access network element; encapsulating, by the calling access network element, the off-hook event into first signaling; sending, by the calling access network element, the first signaling to a cloud server, wherein the first signaling causes the cloud server to create therein a session management; receiving, by the calling access network element, second signaling sent by the cloud server, wherein the second signaling comprises a connect command, a used encoding/decoding form, a sampling rate, and a packet time, wherein the second signaling is used to establish a first transmission path between the calling access network element and the cloud server, and the first transmission path is used to transmit data between the calling access network element and the cloud server; and establishing, by the calling access network element, the first transmission path based on the second signaling; and encapsulating, by the calling access network element, at the sampling rate and a required frame size, a pulse code modulated, PCM, bitstream output by a codec, adding control information to the PCM bitstream, and transmitting the PCM bitstream by using the real-time transport protocol, RTP, or real-time transport control protocol, Real-time Transport Control Protocol, RTCP, through the first transmission path, wherein the PCM bitstream is not subjected, at the calling access network element, to at least one service-specific media processing algorithm, wherein the service-specific media processing algorithm comprises at least one of echo cancellation algorithm, audio mixing processing algorithm, and signal tone detection and voice optimization algorithm. detecting, by a calling access network element, an off-hook event, wherein the off-hook event is off-hook of a first phone set, and the first phone set is connected to the calling access network element; encapsulating, by the calling access network element, the off-hook event into first signaling; sending, by the calling access network element, the first signaling to a cloud server, wherein the first signaling causes the cloud server to create therein a session management; receiving, by the calling access network element, second signaling sent by the cloud server, wherein the second signaling comprises a connect command, a used encoding/decoding form, a sampling rate, and a packet time, wherein the second signaling is used to establish a first transmission path between the calling access network element and the cloud server, and the first transmission path is used to transmit data between the calling access network element and the cloud server; and establishing, by the calling access network element, the first transmission path based on the second signaling; and encapsulating, by the calling access network element, at the sampling rate and a required frame size, a pulse code modulated, PCM, bitstream output by a codec, adding control information to the PCM bitstream, and transmitting the PCM bitstream by using the real-time transport protocol, RTP, or real-time transport control protocol, Real-time Transport Control Protocol, RTCP, through the first transmission path, wherein the PCM bitstream is not subjected, at the calling access network element, to at least one service-specific media processing algorithm, wherein the service-specific media processing algorithm comprises at least one of echo cancellation algorithm, audio mixing processing algorithm, and signal tone detection and voice optimization algorithm.