A terminal (120; 1000), comprising: a processing module, configured to monitor, after initial transmission of first uplink data is completed in a first-type transmission mode, a first downlink control channel sent by an access network device (110; 1100), wherein the first downlink control channel carries first downlink control information that is sent, by the access network device (110; 1100) when the terminal (120; 1000) operates in the first-type transmission mode, to the terminal (120; 1000), the first-type transmission mode comprises performing grant-free uplink data transmission based on radio resource control configuration signaling or on radio resource control reconfiguration signaling, and not based on layer 1 signaling, and the first downlink control information comprises hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ feedback information for the first uplink data, retransmission scheduling information for the first uplink data, or scheduling information for second uplink data, wherein the processing module is further configured to detect the first downlink control information on the first downlink control channel; wherein the terminal (120; 1000) further comprises a receiving module configured to receive first information sent by the access network device (110; 1100), wherein the first information is used to instruct the terminal (120; 1000) to monitor the first downlink control channel after the terminal (120; 1000) completes the initial transmission of the first uplink data in the first-type transmission mode; characterized in that the receiving module is further configured to receive second information sent by the access network device (110; 1100), wherein the second information is used to indicate a first time interval, and the first time interval is a time interval between a second moment at which the terminal (120; 1000) detects the first downlink control information and the first moment at which the terminal (120; 1000) switches from the first-type transmission mode to a third-type transmission mode; wherein the third-type transmission mode comprises performing grant-free uplink data transmission based on radio resource control configuration signaling or on radio resource control reconfiguration signaling, and based on a configuration parameter modified by using layer 1 signaling; and wherein the terminal (120; 1000) further comprises a sending module, configured to send third information to the access network device, wherein the third information is used to indicate a minimum time required by the terminal to switch from the first-type transmission mode to the third-type transmission mode; and the first time interval is greater than or equal to the minimum time. a processing module, configured to monitor, after initial transmission of first uplink data is completed in a first-type transmission mode, a first downlink control channel sent by an access network device (110; 1100), wherein the first downlink control channel carries first downlink control information that is sent, by the access network device (110; 1100) when the terminal (120; 1000) operates in the first-type transmission mode, to the terminal (120; 1000), the first-type transmission mode comprises performing grant-free uplink data transmission based on radio resource control configuration signaling or on radio resource control reconfiguration signaling, and not based on layer 1 signaling, and the first downlink control information comprises hybrid automatic repeat request HARQ feedback information for the first uplink data, retransmission scheduling information for the first uplink data, or scheduling information for second uplink data, wherein the processing module is further configured to detect the first downlink control information on the first downlink control channel; wherein the terminal (120; 1000) further comprises a receiving module configured to receive first information sent by the access network device (110; 1100), wherein the first information is used to instruct the terminal (120; 1000) to monitor the first downlink control channel after the terminal (120; 1000) completes the initial transmission of the first uplink data in the first-type transmission mode; characterized in that the receiving module is further configured to receive second information sent by the access network device (110; 1100), wherein the second information is used to indicate a first time interval, and the first time interval is a time interval between a second moment at which the terminal (120; 1000) detects the first downlink control information and the first moment at which the terminal (120; 1000) switches from the first-type transmission mode to a third-type transmission mode; wherein the third-type transmission mode comprises performing grant-free uplink data transmission based on radio resource control configuration signaling or on radio resource control reconfiguration signaling, and based on a configuration parameter modified by using layer 1 signaling; and wherein the terminal (120; 1000) further comprises a sending module, configured to send third information to the access network device, wherein the third information is used to indicate a minimum time required by the terminal to switch from the first-type transmission mode to the third-type transmission mode; and the first time interval is greater than or equal to the minimum time.