A computer controlled combustion engine system comprising: an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, one or more combustion chambers, an energy conversion mechanism configured to convert a pressure increase in the one or more combustion chambers into rotation of the output shaft, and one or more air injectors operably connected to corresponding ones of the one or more combustion chambers, mechanically decoupled from the output shaft, in fluid communication with a source of compressed air and configured to unobstructedly inject compressed air into the one or more combustion chambers wherein the internal combustion engine has no air intake valves for opening and closing air flow into the one or more combustion chambers other than the one or more air injectors; a controller is operably coupled to the one or more air injectors and including a processor and a memory coupled to the processor and containing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor cause the controller to perform the acts of: receiving one or more operation inputs related to an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine; receiving one or more inputs from one or more sensors; determining an amount of compressed air to inject into each of the one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine based on at least one of the one or more inputs from the one or more sensors or the operation inputs; and operating at least one of one or more air injectors to directly inject the amount of compressed air, as determined, into each of the one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine in a manner that produces predetermined combustion volumes in corresponding ones of the one or more combustion chambers, characterized in that the one or more air injectors including at least one of a gasoline direct injection fuel injector or a fuel-stratified injection fuel injector. an internal combustion engine including an output shaft, one or more combustion chambers, an energy conversion mechanism configured to convert a pressure increase in the one or more combustion chambers into rotation of the output shaft, and one or more air injectors operably connected to corresponding ones of the one or more combustion chambers, mechanically decoupled from the output shaft, in fluid communication with a source of compressed air and configured to unobstructedly inject compressed air into the one or more combustion chambers wherein the internal combustion engine has no air intake valves for opening and closing air flow into the one or more combustion chambers other than the one or more air injectors; a controller is operably coupled to the one or more air injectors and including a processor and a memory coupled to the processor and containing computer-executable instructions that, when executed by the processor cause the controller to perform the acts of: receiving one or more operation inputs related to an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine; receiving one or more inputs from one or more sensors; determining an amount of compressed air to inject into each of the one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine based on at least one of the one or more inputs from the one or more sensors or the operation inputs; and operating at least one of one or more air injectors to directly inject the amount of compressed air, as determined, into each of the one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine in a manner that produces predetermined combustion volumes in corresponding ones of the one or more combustion chambers, characterized in that the one or more air injectors including at least one of a gasoline direct injection fuel injector or a fuel-stratified injection fuel injector. receiving one or more operation inputs related to an operating parameter of the internal combustion engine; receiving one or more inputs from one or more sensors; determining an amount of compressed air to inject into each of the one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine based on at least one of the one or more inputs from the one or more sensors or the operation inputs; and operating at least one of one or more air injectors to directly inject the amount of compressed air, as determined, into each of the one or more combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine in a manner that produces predetermined combustion volumes in corresponding ones of the one or more combustion chambers, characterized in that the one or more air injectors including at least one of a gasoline direct injection fuel injector or a fuel-stratified injection fuel injector.