A cold start method of a global positioning system, GPS, module of a terminal, comprising: acquiring target position information of the terminal; selecting, from a preset satellite visible window table and according to the target position information, an ephemeris data record whose position information matches the target position information to obtain a target record set; selecting N satellites according to the ephemeris data record in the target record set to form a visible satellite list, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 4; and positioning according to the N satellites in the visible satellite list; wherein, the ephemeris data record in the satellite visible window table comprises ephemeris data directly downloaded by the terminal from a server or an ephemeris data converted by the terminal according to ephemeris data periodically acquired from the server; and the ephemeris data record further comprises a satellite number, a satellite elevation angle and a record timestamp, wherein the position information of the ephemeris data record is information about a position where the terminal generating the ephemeris data record is located when the ephemeris data record is generated, and the record timestamp is time when the ephemeris data record is generated; characterized in that, the ephemeris data record further comprises a failure count value; after positioning according to the satellites in the visible satellite list, the method further comprises: in response to successful positioning, for an ephemeris data record that corresponds to each satellite of the N satellites in the target record set and that has a current value greater than 0, subtracting 1 from the failure count value; and in response to failed positioning, for an ephemeris data record that corresponds to each satellite of the N satellites in the target record set, adding 1 to the failure count value; and the method further comprises: clearing an ephemeris data record whose failure count value is greater than a preset count threshold from the satellite visible window table. acquiring target position information of the terminal; selecting, from a preset satellite visible window table and according to the target position information, an ephemeris data record whose position information matches the target position information to obtain a target record set; selecting N satellites according to the ephemeris data record in the target record set to form a visible satellite list, wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 4; and positioning according to the N satellites in the visible satellite list; wherein, the ephemeris data record in the satellite visible window table comprises ephemeris data directly downloaded by the terminal from a server or an ephemeris data converted by the terminal according to ephemeris data periodically acquired from the server; and the ephemeris data record further comprises a satellite number, a satellite elevation angle and a record timestamp, wherein the position information of the ephemeris data record is information about a position where the terminal generating the ephemeris data record is located when the ephemeris data record is generated, and the record timestamp is time when the ephemeris data record is generated; characterized in that, the ephemeris data record further comprises a failure count value; after positioning according to the satellites in the visible satellite list, the method further comprises: in response to successful positioning, for an ephemeris data record that corresponds to each satellite of the N satellites in the target record set and that has a current value greater than 0, subtracting 1 from the failure count value; and in response to failed positioning, for an ephemeris data record that corresponds to each satellite of the N satellites in the target record set, adding 1 to the failure count value; and the method further comprises: clearing an ephemeris data record whose failure count value is greater than a preset count threshold from the satellite visible window table.