A method for correcting observed positions of seismic sensors and/or seismic sources for a seismic data acquisition system, the method comprising the following steps implemented by a computer: estimating a source element energy generated by each source element (Si) of a plurality of source elements which belong to a source array; calculating a respective energy propagating from each source element (Si) to each individual seismic sensor (R j) of a plurality of individual seismic sensor which belong to a composite receiver, taking into account a position of each source element (Si) within the source array based on an observed position of the source array and a position of each individual seismic sensor (R j) within the composite receiver based on an observed position of the composite receiver; summing, for each individual seismic sensor (R j), all the estimated energies from the all the source elements to obtain an estimation of the energy that would be recorded by said composite receiver; estimating a model of direct arrival waves that propagate from the source elements to the individual seismic sensors, based on characteristics of the acquisition system; the clipping effect being implemented into the model or the full signal shape of the direct arrival and its variations due to position changes is taken into consideration by the model; calculating positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements based on the model of direct arrival waves; comparing how correct the calculated positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements are relative to observed positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements based on an objective function measuring a mismatch between the model of direct arrival waves and observed data; determining a best calculated position for each of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements based on said objective function; and correcting the observed positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements with corresponding best calculated positions. estimating a source element energy generated by each source element (Si) of a plurality of source elements which belong to a source array; calculating a respective energy propagating from each source element (Si) to each individual seismic sensor (R j) of a plurality of individual seismic sensor which belong to a composite receiver, taking into account a position of each source element (Si) within the source array based on an observed position of the source array and a position of each individual seismic sensor (R j) within the composite receiver based on an observed position of the composite receiver; summing, for each individual seismic sensor (R j), all the estimated energies from the all the source elements to obtain an estimation of the energy that would be recorded by said composite receiver; estimating a model of direct arrival waves that propagate from the source elements to the individual seismic sensors, based on characteristics of the acquisition system; the clipping effect being implemented into the model or the full signal shape of the direct arrival and its variations due to position changes is taken into consideration by the model; calculating positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements based on the model of direct arrival waves; comparing how correct the calculated positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements are relative to observed positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements based on an objective function measuring a mismatch between the model of direct arrival waves and observed data; determining a best calculated position for each of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements based on said objective function; and correcting the observed positions of the individual seismic sensors and/or of the source elements with corresponding best calculated positions.