An X-ray microscope comprising an X-ray source, a sample holding part, a concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, a convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, and a light receiving part in this order, wherein the light receiving part is configured to receive an imaged X-ray image through the concave mirror and the convex mirror located at a position in an imaging relation to a position of the sample holding part, the X-ray microscope further comprising at least one pair of another concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and another convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the another concave mirror, the reflection convex surface of the another convex mirror, the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the another concave mirror, and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the another convex mirror, or at least one pair of a first concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and a second concave mirror having a reflection concave mirror and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the first concave mirror, the reflection concave surface of the second concave mirror, the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the first concave mirror, and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the second concave mirror. an X-ray source, a sample holding part, a concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, a convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, and a light receiving part in this order, wherein the light receiving part is configured to receive an imaged X-ray image through the concave mirror and the convex mirror located at a position in an imaging relation to a position of the sample holding part, the X-ray microscope further comprising at least one pair of another concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and another convex mirror having a reflection convex surface and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the another concave mirror, the reflection convex surface of the another convex mirror, the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the another concave mirror, and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the another convex mirror, or at least one pair of a first concave mirror having a reflection concave surface and being curved only in one direction, and a second concave mirror having a reflection concave mirror and being curved only in one direction, wherein an X-ray having transmitted through the sample holding part is reflected at, in the following order, the reflection concave surface of the first concave mirror, the reflection concave surface of the second concave mirror, the reflection concave surface of the concave mirror having a normal orthogonal to a normal of the first concave mirror, and the reflection convex surface of the convex mirror having a normal orthogonal to the normal of the second concave mirror.