A pixel collection circuit configured to detect in real time a light intensity change, comprising: a light intensity detector which is configured to output in real time a first electric signal representing an intensity of a received optical signal; a first state storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to the light intensity detector, a first output end of which is coupled to a row request line, a second output end of which is coupled to a column request line, and which is configured to enable the pixel collection circuit to be in an initiatively-activated state and store the initiatively-activated state when a change of the first electric signal meets a predetermined condition, transmit a row request signal and/or a column request signal to the row request line and/or the column request line in the initiatively-activated state, and transmit a pulse signal to at least one adjacent pixel collection circuit in the initiatively-activated state; a second state storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to at least one adjacent pixel collection circuit, an output end of which is coupled to the first state storage module, and which is configured to, upon the receipt of a pulse signal from the at least one adjacent pixel collection circuit, enable the pixel collection circuit to be in a passively-activated state and store the passively-activated state, and transmit a notification to the first state storage module in the passively-activated state, so as to enable the first state storage module to transmit the row request signal and/or the column request signal to the row request line and/or the column request line; a light intensity signal collection and storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to the light intensity detector, a second input end of which is coupled to the first state storage module, a third input end of which is coupled to the second state storage module, and which is configured to store and output the first electric signal as a light intensity signal in accordance with the state of the pixel collection circuit; and a time information storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to a time signal line, a second input end of which is coupled to the first state storage module, a third input end of which is coupled to the second state storage module, and which is configured to store and output a corresponding time signal in accordance with the state of the pixel collection circuit; the row request and the column request being requests to select and read the first electric signal and the corresponding time signal. a light intensity detector which is configured to output in real time a first electric signal representing an intensity of a received optical signal; a first state storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to the light intensity detector, a first output end of which is coupled to a row request line, a second output end of which is coupled to a column request line, and which is configured to enable the pixel collection circuit to be in an initiatively-activated state and store the initiatively-activated state when a change of the first electric signal meets a predetermined condition, transmit a row request signal and/or a column request signal to the row request line and/or the column request line in the initiatively-activated state, and transmit a pulse signal to at least one adjacent pixel collection circuit in the initiatively-activated state; a second state storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to at least one adjacent pixel collection circuit, an output end of which is coupled to the first state storage module, and which is configured to, upon the receipt of a pulse signal from the at least one adjacent pixel collection circuit, enable the pixel collection circuit to be in a passively-activated state and store the passively-activated state, and transmit a notification to the first state storage module in the passively-activated state, so as to enable the first state storage module to transmit the row request signal and/or the column request signal to the row request line and/or the column request line; a light intensity signal collection and storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to the light intensity detector, a second input end of which is coupled to the first state storage module, a third input end of which is coupled to the second state storage module, and which is configured to store and output the first electric signal as a light intensity signal in accordance with the state of the pixel collection circuit; and a time information storage module, a first input end of which is coupled to a time signal line, a second input end of which is coupled to the first state storage module, a third input end of which is coupled to the second state storage module, and which is configured to store and output a corresponding time signal in accordance with the state of the pixel collection circuit; the row request and the column request being requests to select and read the first electric signal and the corresponding time signal.