A primer set which is suitable for species-specific detection of Mycobacterium kansasii comprising: a first primer comprising a polynucleotide comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence A' identical or homologous to a nucleotide sequence A that is a partial nucleotide sequence at the 5' end of a target region in the genomic DNA of Mycobacterium kansasii, the target region comprising all or a part of a first nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:1, 9, 11, 13, 15, 2, 10, 12, 14 or 16, or all or a part of a second nucleotide sequence complementary to the first nucleotide sequence; and a second primer comprising a polynucleotide comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence B' identical or homologous to a complementary nucleotide sequence to a nucleotide sequence B that is a partial nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the target region, wherein the first primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 2fb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 2fa identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:3, 5 or 7, and the second primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 2rb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 2ra identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:4, 6 or 8; or wherein the first primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 1fb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence If a identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 or 36, and the second primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 1rb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 1ra identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 or 37. a first primer comprising a polynucleotide comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence A' identical or homologous to a nucleotide sequence A that is a partial nucleotide sequence at the 5' end of a target region in the genomic DNA of Mycobacterium kansasii, the target region comprising all or a part of a first nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:1, 9, 11, 13, 15, 2, 10, 12, 14 or 16, or all or a part of a second nucleotide sequence complementary to the first nucleotide sequence; and a second primer comprising a polynucleotide comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence B' identical or homologous to a complementary nucleotide sequence to a nucleotide sequence B that is a partial nucleotide sequence at the 3' end of the target region, wherein the first primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 2fb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 2fa identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:3, 5 or 7, and the second primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 2rb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 2ra identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:4, 6 or 8; or a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 2fb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 2fa identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:3, 5 or 7, and the second primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 2rb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 2ra identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:4, 6 or 8; or wherein the first primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 1fb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence If a identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 or 36, and the second primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 1rb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 1ra identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 or 37. the first primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 1fb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence If a identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 or 36, and the second primer comprises a polynucleotide having 40 or less bases comprising, at the 3' end, a nucleotide sequence 1rb having consecutive 8 or more bases included in a nucleotide sequence 1ra identical to a nucleotide sequence represented by SEQ ID NO:23, 25, 27, 29, 31, 33, 35 or 37.