A system for generating a signal that detects at least one of a presence, absence, and quantity of one or more analytes, the system comprising: a sample analysis cartridge comprising: an input tunnel that extends from an aperture, the input tunnel configured to permit insertion of a distal portion of a sample collection device adapted to be exposed to a sample; a reservoir configured to hold a liquid and configured to receive the sample from the distal portion of the sample collection device; an analysis channel configured to receive, from the reservoir, the liquid having the sample and reagents mixed therein; and an electrochemical sensor configured to be exposed to the mixed liquid in the analysis channel and to generate a signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, and quantity of one or more analytes within the sample, the electrochemical sensor forming an electrochemical cell within the analysis channel, wherein the electrochemical sensor is formed at least in part of a working electrode; a sample analysis reader removably and electrically couplable to the sample analysis cartridge, the sample analysis reader configured to receive the signal for processing and to transmit the processed signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, and quantity of the one or more analytes within the sample to a computer; and a computer readable medium with instructions that, when executed by a processor of the computer, cause a graphical user interface to display information indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, and quantity of the one or more analytes; characterised in that a surface of the electrochemical sensor includes a self-assembled monolayer comprised of at least a mixture of an oligo-ethylene glycol dithiol and a carboxylic acid terminated thiol. a sample analysis cartridge comprising: an input tunnel that extends from an aperture, the input tunnel configured to permit insertion of a distal portion of a sample collection device adapted to be exposed to a sample; a reservoir configured to hold a liquid and configured to receive the sample from the distal portion of the sample collection device; an analysis channel configured to receive, from the reservoir, the liquid having the sample and reagents mixed therein; and an electrochemical sensor configured to be exposed to the mixed liquid in the analysis channel and to generate a signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, and quantity of one or more analytes within the sample, the electrochemical sensor forming an electrochemical cell within the analysis channel, wherein the electrochemical sensor is formed at least in part of a working electrode; an input tunnel that extends from an aperture, the input tunnel configured to permit insertion of a distal portion of a sample collection device adapted to be exposed to a sample; a reservoir configured to hold a liquid and configured to receive the sample from the distal portion of the sample collection device; an analysis channel configured to receive, from the reservoir, the liquid having the sample and reagents mixed therein; and an electrochemical sensor configured to be exposed to the mixed liquid in the analysis channel and to generate a signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, and quantity of one or more analytes within the sample, the electrochemical sensor forming an electrochemical cell within the analysis channel, wherein the electrochemical sensor is formed at least in part of a working electrode; a sample analysis reader removably and electrically couplable to the sample analysis cartridge, the sample analysis reader configured to receive the signal for processing and to transmit the processed signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, and quantity of the one or more analytes within the sample to a computer; and a computer readable medium with instructions that, when executed by a processor of the computer, cause a graphical user interface to display information indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, and quantity of the one or more analytes; characterised in that a surface of the electrochemical sensor includes a self-assembled monolayer comprised of at least a mixture of an oligo-ethylene glycol dithiol and a carboxylic acid terminated thiol.