A gradient permittivity film (100, 200) having a first surface (112, 212) and an opposing second surface (114, 214), separated by a thickness, comprising: a first continuous matrix of a first component (110, 210) having a first relative permittivity ε r1; a second component (120, 220) disposed within the first continuous matrix of the first component (110, 210) having a second relative permittivity ε r2, wherein the first continuous matrix of the first component (110, 210) comprises a nonwoven material, wherein the nonwoven material includes glass or plastic fibers, wherein the glass or plastic fibers themselves contain an inert gas or air component; wherein ε r1 is greater than ε r2 for at least one frequency within a frequency range, the frequency range being between 20 GHz and 300 GHz; wherein a relative permittivity of a first half (110A, 210A) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) including the half of the thickness of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) closest to the first surface (112, 212) is lower by at least 10% than a relative permittivity of a second half (110B, 210B) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) including the half of the thickness of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) closest to the second surface (114, 214), for the at least one frequency within the frequency range; wherein the first half (110A, 210A) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) and the second half of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) include the second component (120, 220), and wherein the second half (110B, 210B) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) includes less of the second component (120, 220) than the first half (110A, 210A) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200), and wherein the gradient permittivity film has a haze greater than 50% or a transmission of visible light less than 50%; and wherein both the first surface (112, 212) and second surface (114, 214) are primarily the first component. a first continuous matrix of a first component (110, 210) having a first relative permittivity ε r1; a second component (120, 220) disposed within the first continuous matrix of the first component (110, 210) having a second relative permittivity ε r2, wherein the first continuous matrix of the first component (110, 210) comprises a nonwoven material, wherein the nonwoven material includes glass or plastic fibers, wherein the glass or plastic fibers themselves contain an inert gas or air component; wherein ε r1 is greater than ε r2 for at least one frequency within a frequency range, the frequency range being between 20 GHz and 300 GHz; wherein a relative permittivity of a first half (110A, 210A) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) including the half of the thickness of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) closest to the first surface (112, 212) is lower by at least 10% than a relative permittivity of a second half (110B, 210B) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) including the half of the thickness of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) closest to the second surface (114, 214), for the at least one frequency within the frequency range; wherein the first half (110A, 210A) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) and the second half of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) include the second component (120, 220), and wherein the second half (110B, 210B) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200) includes less of the second component (120, 220) than the first half (110A, 210A) of the gradient permittivity film (100, 200), and wherein the gradient permittivity film has a haze greater than 50% or a transmission of visible light less than 50%; and