A method of determining the condition of a battery, the method comprising: connecting a power supply to a battery; generating a pulse train comprising a plurality of charging-optimized pulses; producing pulsed charging current from the power supply by modulating the power supply with the pulse train, the battery thereby being charged by the pulsed charging current; providing delay for an amount of time; characterized in that: after the delay, generating measurement-optimized pulses, wherein generating the measurement-optimized pulses comprises generating a pseudo-random binary pulse sequence, and wherein pulsed charging current produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence is characterized as a form of band-limited white noise; while the battery is being charged with the pulsed charging current that is produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence, making a plurality of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS, measurements of the battery, wherein making the plurality of EIS measurements includes making the plurality of EIS measurements based on the pulsed charging current that is produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence; analyzing the plurality of EIS measurements to assess a condition of the battery; reporting results from the analysis of the plurality of EIS measurements to a battery management system; and restoring charging of the battery with the charging-optimized pulses, wherein the battery is incorporated into a smart phone, and wherein making the plurality of EIS measurements comprises making the plurality of EIS measurements when the smart phone is deemed to be idle. connecting a power supply to a battery; generating a pulse train comprising a plurality of charging-optimized pulses; producing pulsed charging current from the power supply by modulating the power supply with the pulse train, the battery thereby being charged by the pulsed charging current; providing delay for an amount of time; characterized in that: after the delay, generating measurement-optimized pulses, wherein generating the measurement-optimized pulses comprises generating a pseudo-random binary pulse sequence, and wherein pulsed charging current produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence is characterized as a form of band-limited white noise; while the battery is being charged with the pulsed charging current that is produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence, making a plurality of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS, measurements of the battery, wherein making the plurality of EIS measurements includes making the plurality of EIS measurements based on the pulsed charging current that is produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence; analyzing the plurality of EIS measurements to assess a condition of the battery; reporting results from the analysis of the plurality of EIS measurements to a battery management system; and restoring charging of the battery with the charging-optimized pulses, wherein the battery is incorporated into a smart phone, and wherein making the plurality of EIS measurements comprises making the plurality of EIS measurements when the smart phone is deemed to be idle. after the delay, generating measurement-optimized pulses, wherein generating the measurement-optimized pulses comprises generating a pseudo-random binary pulse sequence, and wherein pulsed charging current produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence is characterized as a form of band-limited white noise; while the battery is being charged with the pulsed charging current that is produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence, making a plurality of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, EIS, measurements of the battery, wherein making the plurality of EIS measurements includes making the plurality of EIS measurements based on the pulsed charging current that is produced using the pseudo-random binary pulse sequence; analyzing the plurality of EIS measurements to assess a condition of the battery; reporting results from the analysis of the plurality of EIS measurements to a battery management system; and restoring charging of the battery with the charging-optimized pulses, wherein the battery is incorporated into a smart phone, and wherein making the plurality of EIS measurements comprises making the plurality of EIS measurements when the smart phone is deemed to be idle.