A therapeutic population of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for use in a method for treating a subject with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), wherein the cancer is refractory to treatment with an anti-PD-1 antibody, the method comprising providing expanded tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) for administration, and further comprising: (a) providing a first population of TILs obtained and/or received from one or more tumors resected from a subject by processing the one or more tumors obtained from the subject into multiple tumor fragments; (b) adding the tumor fragments into a closed system; (c) performing a first expansion by culturing the first population of TILs in a cell culture medium comprising IL-2 to produce a second population of TILs, wherein the first expansion is performed in a closed container providing a first gas-permeable surface area, wherein the first expansion is performed for about 3-11 days to obtain the second population of TILs, wherein the second population of TILs is at least 50-fold greater in number than the first population of TILs, and wherein the transition from step (b) to step (c) occurs without opening the system; (d) performing a second expansion by supplementing the cell culture medium of the second population of TILs with additional IL-2, OKT-3, and antigen presenting cells (APCs), to produce a third population of TILs, wherein the second expansion is performed for about 7-11 days to obtain the third population of TILs, wherein the third population of TILs is a therapeutic population of TILs which comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the second population of TILs, wherein the second expansion is performed in a closed container providing a second gas-permeable surface area, and wherein the transition from step (c) to step (d) occurs without opening the system; (e) harvesting therapeutic population of TILs obtained from step (d), wherein the transition from step (d) to step (e) occurs without opening the system; and (f) transferring the harvested TIL population from step (e) to an infusion bag, wherein the transfer from step (e) to (f) occurs without opening the system; (g) cryopreserving the infusion bag comprising the harvested TIL population from step (f) using a cryopreservation process; and (h) providing a therapeutically effective dosage of the third population of TILs for administration from the infusion bag in step (g) to the subject. (a) providing a first population of TILs obtained and/or received from one or more tumors resected from a subject by processing the one or more tumors obtained from the subject into multiple tumor fragments; (b) adding the tumor fragments into a closed system; (c) performing a first expansion by culturing the first population of TILs in a cell culture medium comprising IL-2 to produce a second population of TILs, wherein the first expansion is performed in a closed container providing a first gas-permeable surface area, wherein the first expansion is performed for about 3-11 days to obtain the second population of TILs, wherein the second population of TILs is at least 50-fold greater in number than the first population of TILs, and wherein the transition from step (b) to step (c) occurs without opening the system; (d) performing a second expansion by supplementing the cell culture medium of the second population of TILs with additional IL-2, OKT-3, and antigen presenting cells (APCs), to produce a third population of TILs, wherein the second expansion is performed for about 7-11 days to obtain the third population of TILs, wherein the third population of TILs is a therapeutic population of TILs which comprises an increased subpopulation of effector T cells and/or central memory T cells relative to the second population of TILs, wherein the second expansion is performed in a closed container providing a second gas-permeable surface area, and wherein the transition from step (c) to step (d) occurs without opening the system; (e) harvesting therapeutic population of TILs obtained from step (d), wherein the transition from step (d) to step (e) occurs without opening the system; and (f) transferring the harvested TIL population from step (e) to an infusion bag, wherein the transfer from step (e) to (f) occurs without opening the system; (g) cryopreserving the infusion bag comprising the harvested TIL population from step (f) using a cryopreservation process; and (h) providing a therapeutically effective dosage of the third population of TILs for administration from the infusion bag in step (g) to the subject.