A random access method, comprising: receiving, by a terminal from an access network device, random access configurations corresponding to at least two uplink frequency bands, wherein center frequencies of all of the at least two uplink frequency bands are different; and initiating, by the terminal, random access based on at least one of the random access configurations corresponding to the at least two uplink frequency bands; characterized in that the at least two uplink frequency bands belong to a same cell managed by the access network device; wherein the initiating, by the terminal, random access based on at least one of the random access configurations corresponding to the at least two uplink frequency bands comprises: obtaining, by the terminal, a downlink path loss; and when the downlink path loss is greater than a path loss threshold, initiating, by the terminal, random access based on a first random access configuration, wherein the first random access configuration corresponds to a first uplink frequency band, the first uplink frequency band is any uplink frequency band in a first uplink frequency band group, the first uplink frequency band group comprises at least one uplink frequency band, and a center frequency of each uplink frequency band in the first uplink frequency band group is less than a first preset threshold; or when the downlink path loss is less than or equal to a path loss threshold, initiating, by the terminal, random access based on a second random access configuration, wherein the second random access configuration corresponds to a second uplink frequency band, the second uplink frequency band is any uplink frequency band in a second uplink frequency band group, the second uplink frequency band group comprises at least one uplink frequency band, a center frequency of each uplink frequency band in the second uplink frequency band group is greater than a second preset threshold, and the second preset threshold is greater than the first preset threshold. receiving, by a terminal from an access network device, random access configurations corresponding to at least two uplink frequency bands, wherein center frequencies of all of the at least two uplink frequency bands are different; and initiating, by the terminal, random access based on at least one of the random access configurations corresponding to the at least two uplink frequency bands; characterized in that the at least two uplink frequency bands belong to a same cell managed by the access network device; wherein the initiating, by the terminal, random access based on at least one of the random access configurations corresponding to the at least two uplink frequency bands comprises: obtaining, by the terminal, a downlink path loss; and when the downlink path loss is greater than a path loss threshold, initiating, by the terminal, random access based on a first random access configuration, wherein the first random access configuration corresponds to a first uplink frequency band, the first uplink frequency band is any uplink frequency band in a first uplink frequency band group, the first uplink frequency band group comprises at least one uplink frequency band, and a center frequency of each uplink frequency band in the first uplink frequency band group is less than a first preset threshold; or when the downlink path loss is less than or equal to a path loss threshold, initiating, by the terminal, random access based on a second random access configuration, wherein the second random access configuration corresponds to a second uplink frequency band, the second uplink frequency band is any uplink frequency band in a second uplink frequency band group, the second uplink frequency band group comprises at least one uplink frequency band, a center frequency of each uplink frequency band in the second uplink frequency band group is greater than a second preset threshold, and the second preset threshold is greater than the first preset threshold.