A life prediction apparatus for a secondary battery comprising: the secondary battery having an electrode assembly, a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, a case and a plurality of reference electrodes, wherein the plurality of reference electrodes include a first reference electrode having one end disposed in the case and connected to a first reference location of the separator and the other end protruding out of the case, wherein the plurality of reference electrodes include a second reference electrode having one end disposed in the case and connected to a second reference location of the separator, which is different from the first reference location, and the other end protruding out of the case, wherein a distance from a first connection location where the positive electrode tab contacts the positive electrode plate to the first reference location is shorter than a distance from the first connection location to the second reference location; an electrode selection unit configured to select two or more reference electrodes at least once at every predetermined cycle, wherein the two or more reference electrodes are designated by an electrode selection signal; an impedance measurement unit configured to measure an impedance associated with the selected reference electrode, based on an AC voltage between any one of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab and the selected reference electrode with respect to an AC current of a predetermined frequency band, wherein the impedance measurement unit measures a first impedance associated with the first reference electrode when the first reference electrode is selected by the electrode selection unit, wherein the impedance measurement unit measures a second impedance associated with the second reference electrode when the second reference electrode is selected by the electrode selection unit; and a control unit configured to transmit the electrode selection signal to the electrode selection unit, wherein the control unit is further configured to predict a residual life of the secondary battery based on a ratio of the first impedance to the second impedance. the secondary battery having an electrode assembly, a positive electrode tab, a negative electrode tab, a positive electrode plate, a negative electrode plate, a separator, a case and a plurality of reference electrodes, wherein the plurality of reference electrodes include a first reference electrode having one end disposed in the case and connected to a first reference location of the separator and the other end protruding out of the case, wherein the plurality of reference electrodes include a second reference electrode having one end disposed in the case and connected to a second reference location of the separator, which is different from the first reference location, and the other end protruding out of the case, wherein a distance from a first connection location where the positive electrode tab contacts the positive electrode plate to the first reference location is shorter than a distance from the first connection location to the second reference location; an electrode selection unit configured to select two or more reference electrodes at least once at every predetermined cycle, wherein the two or more reference electrodes are designated by an electrode selection signal; an impedance measurement unit configured to measure an impedance associated with the selected reference electrode, based on an AC voltage between any one of the positive electrode tab and the negative electrode tab and the selected reference electrode with respect to an AC current of a predetermined frequency band, wherein the impedance measurement unit measures a first impedance associated with the first reference electrode when the first reference electrode is selected by the electrode selection unit, wherein the impedance measurement unit measures a second impedance associated with the second reference electrode when the second reference electrode is selected by the electrode selection unit; and a control unit configured to transmit the electrode selection signal to the electrode selection unit, wherein the control unit is further configured to predict a residual life of the secondary battery based on a ratio of the first impedance to the second impedance.