A fuel cell system comprising: a first electrochemical cell including a first anode, a first cathode, and a first anode conductive layer; a second electrochemical cell including a second anode, a second cathode, and a second cathode conductive layer; and an interconnect embedded in an electrolyte layer and configured to conduct a flow of electrons from the first anode to the second cathode through the first anode conductive layer and the second cathode conductive layer, characterized in that the interconnect is a ceramic interconnect which comprises a first individual ceramic layer and a second individual ceramic layer directly adjacent to the first individual ceramic layer, wherein the first individual ceramic layer is closer to the first anode than the second individual ceramic layer, and the second individual ceramic layer is closer to the second cathode than the first individual ceramic layer, wherein the first anode conductive layer is between the first individual ceramic layer and the first anode, and is electrically coupled to the first individual ceramic layer and the first anode, wherein the second cathode conductive layer is between the second individual ceramic layer and the second cathode, and is electrically coupled to the second individual ceramic layer and the second cathode, wherein the first individual ceramic layer and second individual ceramic layer are non-porous so as to separate a fuel gas on an anode side of the fuel cell system from an oxidant gas on a cathode side of the fuel cell system during operation of the fuel cell system, wherein the first individual ceramic layer consists essentially of one or more of doped ceria, doped lanthanum chromite, and doped yttrium chromite, and wherein the second individual ceramic layer comprises one or more of a Co-Mn spinel and a ABO 3 perovskite. a first electrochemical cell including a first anode, a first cathode, and a first anode conductive layer; a second electrochemical cell including a second anode, a second cathode, and a second cathode conductive layer; and an interconnect embedded in an electrolyte layer and configured to conduct a flow of electrons from the first anode to the second cathode through the first anode conductive layer and the second cathode conductive layer, characterized in that the interconnect is a ceramic interconnect which comprises a first individual ceramic layer and a second individual ceramic layer directly adjacent to the first individual ceramic layer, wherein the first individual ceramic layer is closer to the first anode than the second individual ceramic layer, and the second individual ceramic layer is closer to the second cathode than the first individual ceramic layer, wherein the first anode conductive layer is between the first individual ceramic layer and the first anode, and is electrically coupled to the first individual ceramic layer and the first anode, wherein the second cathode conductive layer is between the second individual ceramic layer and the second cathode, and is electrically coupled to the second individual ceramic layer and the second cathode, wherein the first individual ceramic layer and second individual ceramic layer are non-porous so as to separate a fuel gas on an anode side of the fuel cell system from an oxidant gas on a cathode side of the fuel cell system during operation of the fuel cell system, wherein the first individual ceramic layer consists essentially of one or more of doped ceria, doped lanthanum chromite, and doped yttrium chromite, and wherein the second individual ceramic layer comprises one or more of a Co-Mn spinel and a ABO 3 perovskite.