A system for optical amplification of ultrashort light pulses of duration lower than or equal to ten picoseconds, said system comprising: - an oscillator (30, 40, 50, 60) adapted to emit ultrashort light pulses of duration τ 0 lower than or equal to ten picoseconds, - an optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) having a spectral frequency gain bandwidth Δv and a group velocity dispersion β 2 ampli, the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) being arranged so as to receive light pulses and to generate amplified light pulses, - the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) including a thin-disk or slab optical amplifier or a crystalline-matrix optical amplifier doped with rare earth, characterized in that the optical amplification system includes: - an optical pre-compensator (31, 41, 51, 61) arranged upstream from the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62), the pre-compensator (31, 41, 51, 61) having a negative group velocity dispersion β 2, so as to receive the ultrashort light pulses of duration τ 0 and to generate negatively chirped light pulses of duration τ 1; and in that: - the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) has a positive group velocity dispersion β 2 ampli, the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) being arranged so as to receive, amplify and time-compress the negatively chirped light pulses of duration τ 1, the optical amplifier being configured so that the light pulses are able to induce a broadening of the spectral gain band Δ v by self-phase modulation, so as to generate amplified and time-compressed light pulses having a duration τ 2 lower than or equal to the duration τ 1, so that said amplified and time-compressed light pulses have a duration lower than the limitation by the bandwidth of the optical amplifier, said amplified and time-compressed light pulses having a duration lower than or equal to ten picoseconds and an energy higher than a few tens of microjoules. - an oscillator (30, 40, 50, 60) adapted to emit ultrashort light pulses of duration τ 0 lower than or equal to ten picoseconds, - an optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) having a spectral frequency gain bandwidth Δv and a group velocity dispersion β 2 ampli, the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) being arranged so as to receive light pulses and to generate amplified light pulses, - the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) including a thin-disk or slab optical amplifier or a crystalline-matrix optical amplifier doped with rare earth, - an optical pre-compensator (31, 41, 51, 61) arranged upstream from the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62), the pre-compensator (31, 41, 51, 61) having a negative group velocity dispersion β 2, so as to receive the ultrashort light pulses of duration τ 0 and to generate negatively chirped light pulses of duration τ 1; - the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) has a positive group velocity dispersion β 2 ampli, the optical amplifier (32, 42, 52, 62) being arranged so as to receive, amplify and time-compress the negatively chirped light pulses of duration τ 1, the optical amplifier being configured so that the light pulses are able to induce a broadening of the spectral gain band Δ v by self-phase modulation, so as to generate amplified and time-compressed light pulses having a duration τ 2 lower than or equal to the duration τ 1, so that said amplified and time-compressed light pulses have a duration lower than the limitation by the bandwidth of the optical amplifier, said amplified and time-compressed light pulses having a duration lower than or equal to ten picoseconds and an energy higher than a few tens of microjoules.