A method comprising the steps of: (i) providing a solid support comprising a plurality of wells; (ii) attaching a plurality of microparticles to said plurality of wells to form an ordered array of a plurality of immobilized microparticles, wherein each of said plurality of immobilized microparticles is further covalently attached to: (a) a ligand domain through a first linker; and (b) an encoding tag through a second linker; wherein said ligand domain is a peptide or a protein, a macrocyclic peptide, a peptidomimetic, a polyamide, or a macrolactam; wherein said encoding tag is a nucleic acid sequence identifying said ligand domain; wherein said second linker is cleavable and said first linker is not cleavable under a condition that said second linker is cleavable; wherein said first linker comprises -C NH- or -NHC -, and said second linker comprises -C O- or -OC -; (iii) performing a decoding procedure on said encoding tag, thereby identifying the composition of said ligand domain and its location on said solid support; and (iv) cleaving the second linkers of said plurality of immobilized microparticles, thereby forming a cleaved ordered array. (i) providing a solid support comprising a plurality of wells; (ii) attaching a plurality of microparticles to said plurality of wells to form an ordered array of a plurality of immobilized microparticles, wherein each of said plurality of immobilized microparticles is further covalently attached to: (a) a ligand domain through a first linker; and (b) an encoding tag through a second linker; wherein said ligand domain is a peptide or a protein, a macrocyclic peptide, a peptidomimetic, a polyamide, or a macrolactam; wherein said encoding tag is a nucleic acid sequence identifying said ligand domain; wherein said second linker is cleavable and said first linker is not cleavable under a condition that said second linker is cleavable; wherein said first linker comprises -C NH- or -NHC -, and said second linker comprises -C O- or -OC -; (a) a ligand domain through a first linker; and (b) an encoding tag through a second linker; wherein said ligand domain is a peptide or a protein, a macrocyclic peptide, a peptidomimetic, a polyamide, or a macrolactam; wherein said encoding tag is a nucleic acid sequence identifying said ligand domain; wherein said second linker is cleavable and said first linker is not cleavable under a condition that said second linker is cleavable; wherein said first linker comprises -C NH- or -NHC -, and said second linker comprises -C O- or -OC -; wherein said ligand domain is a peptide or a protein, a macrocyclic peptide, a peptidomimetic, a polyamide, or a macrolactam; wherein said encoding tag is a nucleic acid sequence identifying said ligand domain; wherein said second linker is cleavable and said first linker is not cleavable under a condition that said second linker is cleavable; wherein said first linker comprises -C NH- or -NHC -, and said second linker comprises -C O- or -OC -; (iii) performing a decoding procedure on said encoding tag, thereby identifying the composition of said ligand domain and its location on said solid support; and (iv) cleaving the second linkers of said plurality of immobilized microparticles, thereby forming a cleaved ordered array.