A single stroke compression molding machine comprising: a die table having a die bore penetrating vertically; a slidable lower punch located below the die bore and having an upper end to be inserted to the die bore; a slidable upper punch located above the die bore to face the lower punch and having a lower end to be inserted to the die bore, and configured to descend for compression molding; a feeding means (2A, 2B, 2C) configured to fill the die bore with a powdery material to be compression molded by the lower and upper punches(6, 7); and a dust collecting means configured to descend when the upper punch descends for compression molding, characterized in that the dust collecting means is configured to collect dust on an upper surface of the die table in a state where the lower end of the upper punch is located in the die bore and includes a driving means configured to move upward or downward along with the upper punch, a dust collecting case engaged with the driving means and configured to move upward or downward, in accordance with upward or downward movement of the driving means, between a dust collecting position where the dust collecting case covers and surrounds a region around the die bore on the upper surface of the die table and a retreating position where the dust collecting case is distant above from the upper surface of the die table, the dust collecting case being configured so as not to interfere with the feeding means (2A, 2B, 2C); and a suction duct connected to the dust collecting case and configured to decompress an internal space of the dust collecting case so as to suck and remove a powdery material on the die table facing the internal space of the dust collecting case. a die table having a die bore penetrating vertically; a slidable lower punch located below the die bore and having an upper end to be inserted to the die bore; a slidable upper punch located above the die bore to face the lower punch and having a lower end to be inserted to the die bore, and configured to descend for compression molding; a feeding means (2A, 2B, 2C) configured to fill the die bore with a powdery material to be compression molded by the lower and upper punches(6, 7); and a dust collecting means configured to descend when the upper punch descends for compression molding, characterized in that the dust collecting means is configured to collect dust on an upper surface of the die table in a state where the lower end of the upper punch is located in the die bore and includes a driving means configured to move upward or downward along with the upper punch, a dust collecting case engaged with the driving means and configured to move upward or downward, in accordance with upward or downward movement of the driving means, between a dust collecting position where the dust collecting case covers and surrounds a region around the die bore on the upper surface of the die table and a retreating position where the dust collecting case is distant above from the upper surface of the die table, the dust collecting case being configured so as not to interfere with the feeding means (2A, 2B, 2C); and a suction duct connected to the dust collecting case and configured to decompress an internal space of the dust collecting case so as to suck and remove a powdery material on the die table facing the internal space of the dust collecting case.