An electronic device for performing authentication for wirelessly receiving power supplied from an external electronic device, the electronic device comprising: a wireless charging receiver module including wireless charging receiver circuitry; and a processor configured to: control the wireless charging receiver module to exchange first authentication data for the authentication with the external electronic device via the wireless charging receiver module, the exchanging of the first authentication data including receiving authentication data split into a plurality of packets from the external electronic device and transmitting authentication data split into a plurality of packets, wherein each of the plurality of transmitted packets includes a respective tag including information indicating packet order of the authentication data split into the plurality of transmitted packets; perform authentication based on the received authentication data split into the plurality of packets; and receive wirelessly a first power corresponding to a normal charging mode supplied from the external electronic device based on a result of the authentication using the first authentication data; control the wireless charging receiver module to exchange, with the external electronic device, second authentication data for a fast charging mode with the external electronic device while receiving wirelessly the first power corresponding to the normal charging mode, wherein the second authentication data is encrypted to include unique identity information of the external electronic device and charging configuration information of the external electronic device; perform authentication using the second authentication data while receiving wirelessly the first power corresponding to the normal charging mode; and receive wirelessly a second power greater than the first power and corresponding to the fast charging mode supplied from the external electronic device if the authentication using the second authentication data succeeds. a wireless charging receiver module including wireless charging receiver circuitry; and a processor configured to: control the wireless charging receiver module to exchange first authentication data for the authentication with the external electronic device via the wireless charging receiver module, the exchanging of the first authentication data including receiving authentication data split into a plurality of packets from the external electronic device and transmitting authentication data split into a plurality of packets, wherein each of the plurality of transmitted packets includes a respective tag including information indicating packet order of the authentication data split into the plurality of transmitted packets; perform authentication based on the received authentication data split into the plurality of packets; and receive wirelessly a first power corresponding to a normal charging mode supplied from the external electronic device based on a result of the authentication using the first authentication data; control the wireless charging receiver module to exchange, with the external electronic device, second authentication data for a fast charging mode with the external electronic device while receiving wirelessly the first power corresponding to the normal charging mode, wherein the second authentication data is encrypted to include unique identity information of the external electronic device and charging configuration information of the external electronic device; perform authentication using the second authentication data while receiving wirelessly the first power corresponding to the normal charging mode; and receive wirelessly a second power greater than the first power and corresponding to the fast charging mode supplied from the external electronic device if the authentication using the second authentication data succeeds. control the wireless charging receiver module to exchange first authentication data for the authentication with the external electronic device via the wireless charging receiver module, the exchanging of the first authentication data including receiving authentication data split into a plurality of packets from the external electronic device and transmitting authentication data split into a plurality of packets, wherein each of the plurality of transmitted packets includes a respective tag including information indicating packet order of the authentication data split into the plurality of transmitted packets; perform authentication based on the received authentication data split into the plurality of packets; and receive wirelessly a first power corresponding to a normal charging mode supplied from the external electronic device based on a result of the authentication using the first authentication data; control the wireless charging receiver module to exchange, with the external electronic device, second authentication data for a fast charging mode with the external electronic device while receiving wirelessly the first power corresponding to the normal charging mode, wherein the second authentication data is encrypted to include unique identity information of the external electronic device and charging configuration information of the external electronic device; perform authentication using the second authentication data while receiving wirelessly the first power corresponding to the normal charging mode; and receive wirelessly a second power greater than the first power and corresponding to the fast charging mode supplied from the external electronic device if the authentication using the second authentication data succeeds.