Method for super-resolution 3D fluorescence microscopy, wherein a) fluorescence emitters for emitting fluorescence radiation in a sample are repeatedly excited and individual images are generated from the sample using a microscope that has an imaging beam path with an optical resolution and a focal plane, wherein the fluorescence emitters are excited to emit fluorescence radiation such that at least a subset of the fluorescence emitters in each individual image is isolated such that the images of said fluorescence emitters are separable within the scope of the optical resolution in the individual images, b) the locations of said fluorescence emitters are localized in the generated individual images from the images of the isolated fluorescence emitters with a spatial accuracy that goes beyond optical resolution, and a super-resolved total image is generated therefrom, c) an adaptive mirror is used in the imaging beam path of the microscope, which adaptive mirror is set such that it brings about astigmatism during the generation of at least some of the individual images, as a result of which astigmatism-containing individual images are recorded in which the images (11a, b) of fluorescence emitters that are situated above the focal plane have a first rotational asymmetry due to distortion in a first direction, and the images (11d, e) of fluorescence emitters that are situated under the focal plane have a second rotational asymmetry due to distortion in a second direction, wherein depth location information for the fluorescence emitters is derived from the rotational asymmetry, d) the adaptive mirror is additionally set such that, during the generation of at least some of the individual images, it brings about no astigmatism such that astigmatism-free individual images are recorded, and e) rotationally asymmetric images of fluorescence emitters are detected in the astigmatism-free individual images, and these fluorescence emitters are either subjected to depth location correction or suppressed in the derivation of the depth location information in the astigmatism-containing individual images. a) fluorescence emitters for emitting fluorescence radiation in a sample are repeatedly excited and individual images are generated from the sample using a microscope that has an imaging beam path with an optical resolution and a focal plane, wherein the fluorescence emitters are excited to emit fluorescence radiation such that at least a subset of the fluorescence emitters in each individual image is isolated such that the images of said fluorescence emitters are separable within the scope of the optical resolution in the individual images, b) the locations of said fluorescence emitters are localized in the generated individual images from the images of the isolated fluorescence emitters with a spatial accuracy that goes beyond optical resolution, and a super-resolved total image is generated therefrom, c) an adaptive mirror is used in the imaging beam path of the microscope, which adaptive mirror is set such that it brings about astigmatism during the generation of at least some of the individual images, as a result of which astigmatism-containing individual images are recorded in which the images (11a, b) of fluorescence emitters that are situated above the focal plane have a first rotational asymmetry due to distortion in a first direction, and the images (11d, e) of fluorescence emitters that are situated under the focal plane have a second rotational asymmetry due to distortion in a second direction, wherein depth location information for the fluorescence emitters is derived from the rotational asymmetry, d) the adaptive mirror is additionally set such that, during the generation of at least some of the individual images, it brings about no astigmatism such that astigmatism-free individual images are recorded, and e) rotationally asymmetric images of fluorescence emitters are detected in the astigmatism-free individual images, and these fluorescence emitters are either subjected to depth location correction or suppressed in the derivation of the depth location information in the astigmatism-containing individual images.