A sample analysis cartridge (300, 300', 300", 300"', 300"") for detecting at least one of a presence, absence, or quantity of one or more analytes, the sample analysis cartridge comprising: a cartridge housing (304, 304"'); an input tunnel (301, 301', 301", 301'", 301"") that extends from an aperture in the cartridge housing, the input tunnel configured to permit insertion of a sample collection device (200, 200', 200", 200"', 200"", 200'"", 200""", 200'""", 200"""") having a distal portion adapted to be exposed to a sample; a reservoir (317, 317', 317", 317"', 317"") disposed within the cartridge housing and configured to hold a fluid; wherein the sample analysis cartridge further comprises: a reagent shuttle (324, 324', 324", 324'", 324"") disposed between the reservoir and the aperture in a first position, the reagent shuttle having a first end (366, 366', 366", 366'", 366"") and a second end (371, 371', 371", 371'", 371""), the first end and the second end of the reagent shuttle disposed within the cartridge housing in the first position and in a second position, the reagent shuttle configured to house a reagent ball (375, 375', 375", 375"', 375"") comprising reagents in a reagent compartment (367, 367', 367") between the first and second ends, and to receive a sample from the sample collection device in a sample compartment (370, 370', 370", 370"') between the first and second ends, wherein the first end of the reagent shuttle is configured to seal the reservoir from the input tunnel in the first position, and the reagent shuttle is configured to move within the input tunnel when subjected to a force greater than a threshold force to the second position such that the reagent ball and the sample move into the reservoir and the reservoir is continuously sealed from the input tunnel proximal to the reagent shuttle during movement from the first position to the second position; and a sensor (338, 338', 338", 338'", 338"") configured to analyze the fluid mixed with the reagent ball and the sample, the sensor further configured to generate a signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, or quantity of the one or more analytes within the sample. a cartridge housing (304, 304"'); an input tunnel (301, 301', 301", 301'", 301"") that extends from an aperture in the cartridge housing, the input tunnel configured to permit insertion of a sample collection device (200, 200', 200", 200"', 200"", 200'"", 200""", 200'""", 200"""") having a distal portion adapted to be exposed to a sample; a reservoir (317, 317', 317", 317"', 317"") disposed within the cartridge housing and configured to hold a fluid; wherein the sample analysis cartridge further comprises: a reagent shuttle (324, 324', 324", 324'", 324"") disposed between the reservoir and the aperture in a first position, the reagent shuttle having a first end (366, 366', 366", 366'", 366"") and a second end (371, 371', 371", 371'", 371""), the first end and the second end of the reagent shuttle disposed within the cartridge housing in the first position and in a second position, the reagent shuttle configured to house a reagent ball (375, 375', 375", 375"', 375"") comprising reagents in a reagent compartment (367, 367', 367") between the first and second ends, and to receive a sample from the sample collection device in a sample compartment (370, 370', 370", 370"') between the first and second ends, wherein the first end of the reagent shuttle is configured to seal the reservoir from the input tunnel in the first position, and the reagent shuttle is configured to move within the input tunnel when subjected to a force greater than a threshold force to the second position such that the reagent ball and the sample move into the reservoir and the reservoir is continuously sealed from the input tunnel proximal to the reagent shuttle during movement from the first position to the second position; and a sensor (338, 338', 338", 338'", 338"") configured to analyze the fluid mixed with the reagent ball and the sample, the sensor further configured to generate a signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, or quantity of the one or more analytes within the sample.