Non-invasive method for the ex vivo diagnosis of ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer or their precursor lesions in a female subject by analyzing cells of said subject, comprising - preparing epithelial cells of a sample of said subject obtained from a rinse of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, and - performing analysis of said cells to determine mutations, alterations in expression levels or in promoter methylation and/or chromosomal changes of a biomarker, wherein said mutations, alterations or changes associated with ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer or their precursor lesions, and which are determined by at least one of - genotyping at least one mutation of a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof, - a gene expression profile employing qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof, - detecting loss of heterozygosity or other chromosomal changes of a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof, - detecting_promoter hypermethylation of a gene selected from the group of p16(INK4a), BRCA1, hMLH1 and TUSC3 or combinations thereof, or - analysis at the cellular level by employing immunocytochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof. - preparing epithelial cells of a sample of said subject obtained from a rinse of the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes, and - performing analysis of said cells to determine mutations, alterations in expression levels or in promoter methylation and/or chromosomal changes of a biomarker, wherein said mutations, alterations or changes associated with ovarian cancer or endometrial cancer or their precursor lesions, and which are determined by at least one of - genotyping at least one mutation of a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof, - a gene expression profile employing qualitative and/or quantitative analysis of a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof, - detecting loss of heterozygosity or other chromosomal changes of a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof, - detecting_promoter hypermethylation of a gene selected from the group of p16(INK4a), BRCA1, hMLH1 and TUSC3 or combinations thereof, or - analysis at the cellular level by employing immunocytochemistry or fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on a biomarker selected from the group consisting of TP53, EGFR, PDGRFα, KIT, KRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, PTEN, ARID1A, PPP2R1A, RB1, VHL, DICER, β-catenin (CTNNB1), CDKN2A, GATA4, RNASET2, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, PAX2, WT1, MYC, ERBB2, CSF1R, ECGF1, SRC, AKT2, RUNX3, FHIT, FGF3 and MDM2, or combinations thereof.