A dual-frequency patch antenna comprising: a first conductive element configured to receive global navigation satellite system, GNSS, signals at a first frequency band; a second conductive element configured to receive GNSS signals at a second frequency band; a ground plane; a first dielectric material disposed between the first conductive element and the second conductive element; a second dielectric material disposed between the second conductive element and the ground plane, the second dielectric material having a topside with an area at least as large as the topside of the ground plane; characterised in that the antenna further comprises circuitry (627; 631) electrically coupled to at least one of the first conductive element or the second conductive element, the circuitry configured to provide at least frequency selection of the GNSS signals at the first frequency band and the GNSS signals at the second frequency band; and a third dielectric material disposed between the ground plane and the circuitry; and an output coupled to the circuitry; wherein the circuitry comprises first circuitry on a first routing and placement layer and second circuitry on a second routing and placement layer, the output being coupled to the second routing and placement layer; the first circuitry being configured to provide amplified and filtered GNSS signals to the second circuitry, and the second circuitry being configured to provide digitization of the amplified and filtered GNSS signals, and either the first or the second circuitry being configured to provide down conversion of the GNSS signals; the dual-frequency patch antenna further comprising an interface coupled to the first circuitry via the first routing and placement layer and to the second circuitry via the second routing and placement layer, the interface being configured to provide filtered, amplified, and optionally down converted GNSS signals from the first circuitry to the second circuitry, and the second circuitry being configured to provide the digitized baseband signals to the output. a first conductive element configured to receive global navigation satellite system, GNSS, signals at a first frequency band; a second conductive element configured to receive GNSS signals at a second frequency band; a ground plane; a first dielectric material disposed between the first conductive element and the second conductive element; a second dielectric material disposed between the second conductive element and the ground plane, the second dielectric material having a topside with an area at least as large as the topside of the ground plane; characterised in that the antenna further comprises circuitry (627; 631) electrically coupled to at least one of the first conductive element or the second conductive element, the circuitry configured to provide at least frequency selection of the GNSS signals at the first frequency band and the GNSS signals at the second frequency band; and a third dielectric material disposed between the ground plane and the circuitry; and an output coupled to the circuitry; wherein the circuitry comprises first circuitry on a first routing and placement layer and second circuitry on a second routing and placement layer, the output being coupled to the second routing and placement layer; the first circuitry being configured to provide amplified and filtered GNSS signals to the second circuitry, and the second circuitry being configured to provide digitization of the amplified and filtered GNSS signals, and either the first or the second circuitry being configured to provide down conversion of the GNSS signals; the dual-frequency patch antenna further comprising an interface coupled to the first circuitry via the first routing and placement layer and to the second circuitry via the second routing and placement layer, the interface being configured to provide filtered, amplified, and optionally down converted GNSS signals from the first circuitry to the second circuitry, and the second circuitry being configured to provide the digitized baseband signals to the output.