A recombinant bacterial cell, wherein said bacterial cell is an E. coli cell, said cell comprising: (a) polynucleotides encoding polypeptides having enzymatic activity effective to produce an increased amount of propionyl-CoA in the recombinant bacterial cell relative to the amount of propionyl-CoA produced in a parental bacterial cell, wherein the parental bacterial cell lacks or has a reduced amount of said enzymatic activity as compared to the recombinant bacterial cell under the same conditions, wherein said polynucleotides encode polypeptides having aspartokinase activity, homoserine dehydrogenase activity, homoserine kinase activity, threonine deaminase activity, and threonine synthase activity, and wherein each of the polynucleotides according to (a) either encodes a polypeptide that is exogenous to the recombinant bacterial cell or has expression that is modulated by overexpression in the recombinant bacterial cell as compared to the expression of the polynucleotide in the parental bacterial cell under the same conditions, and (b) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase activity that utilizes propionyl-CoA as a substrate, and (c) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having fatty acid derivative enzyme activity that is thioesterase activity; wherein the recombinant bacterial cell produces a fatty acid composition comprising odd chain fatty acids when cultured in the presence of a carbon source under conditions effective to express the polynucleotides according to (a), (b), and (c), and wherein at least 10% of the fatty acids in the fatty acid composition are odd chain fatty acids. (a) polynucleotides encoding polypeptides having enzymatic activity effective to produce an increased amount of propionyl-CoA in the recombinant bacterial cell relative to the amount of propionyl-CoA produced in a parental bacterial cell, wherein the parental bacterial cell lacks or has a reduced amount of said enzymatic activity as compared to the recombinant bacterial cell under the same conditions, wherein said polynucleotides encode polypeptides having aspartokinase activity, homoserine dehydrogenase activity, homoserine kinase activity, threonine deaminase activity, and threonine synthase activity, and wherein each of the polynucleotides according to (a) either encodes a polypeptide that is exogenous to the recombinant bacterial cell or has expression that is modulated by overexpression in the recombinant bacterial cell as compared to the expression of the polynucleotide in the parental bacterial cell under the same conditions, and wherein the parental bacterial cell lacks or has a reduced amount of said enzymatic activity as compared to the recombinant bacterial cell under the same conditions, wherein said polynucleotides encode polypeptides having aspartokinase activity, homoserine dehydrogenase activity, homoserine kinase activity, threonine deaminase activity, and threonine synthase activity, and wherein each of the polynucleotides according to (a) either encodes a polypeptide that is exogenous to the recombinant bacterial cell or has expression that is modulated by overexpression in the recombinant bacterial cell as compared to the expression of the polynucleotide in the parental bacterial cell under the same conditions, and (b) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having β-ketoacyl-ACP synthase activity that utilizes propionyl-CoA as a substrate, and (c) a polynucleotide encoding a polypeptide having fatty acid derivative enzyme activity that is thioesterase activity; wherein the recombinant bacterial cell produces a fatty acid composition comprising odd chain fatty acids when cultured in the presence of a carbon source under conditions effective to express the polynucleotides according to (a), (b), and (c), and wherein at least 10% of the fatty acids in the fatty acid composition are odd chain fatty acids.