Method for characterising a material comprising steps consisting of: a. directing a first electromagnetic radiation collimated beam, of energy greater than or equal to 1keV, towards a sample of the material to be characterised; b. acquiring the spectrum of a second electromagnetic radiation beam, obtained by diffusion of said first beam by an elementary volume (δV) of said sample according to a predefined diffusing angle θ; said steps a and b being repeated one or several times, by each time modifying the lengths of the paths of the first and of the second beam inside said material, while keeping substantially constant their ratio ε as well as said diffusing angle θ; and c. estimating several properties, characteristic of said material from the spectrums acquired during the repetitions of step b; characterised in that said step c is implemented by means of two multivariable models and comprises: - the calculation, from the spectrums acquired during the repetitions of said step b, of a combined linear attenuation function μ' of the material, defined as a weighted average of the linear attenuation coefficients μ of the material for the incident electromagnetic radiation with an energy E 0 and for the diffused electromagnetic radiation with an energy E 1, where E 0 represents the energy of an incident photon and E 1 that of a photon having been subjected to a diffusion according to said diffusing angle θ, the weighting coefficients of said dependent average of said ratio ε, said combined linear attenuation being expressed according to an energy selected from among E 0 and E 1, - the estimation of the density of said material from the values of said combined linear attenuation function for a plurality of energy values, by application of a first multivariable model, - the determination of a function Dμ' representative of a comparison between the values taken by said combined linear attenuation function μ' for energy values having a constant difference dE, - the estimation of an actual atomic number by weight of said material from the values of said function Dμ' for a plurality of energy values, by application of a second multivariable model. a. directing a first electromagnetic radiation collimated beam, of energy greater than or equal to 1keV, towards a sample of the material to be characterised; b. acquiring the spectrum of a second electromagnetic radiation beam, obtained by diffusion of said first beam by an elementary volume (δV) of said sample according to a predefined diffusing angle θ; c. estimating several properties, characteristic of said material from the spectrums acquired during the repetitions of step b; - the calculation, from the spectrums acquired during the repetitions of said step b, of a combined linear attenuation function μ' of the material, defined as a weighted average of the linear attenuation coefficients μ of the material for the incident electromagnetic radiation with an energy E 0 and for the diffused electromagnetic radiation with an energy E 1, where E 0 represents the energy of an incident photon and E 1 that of a photon having been subjected to a diffusion according to said diffusing angle θ, the weighting coefficients of said dependent average of said ratio ε, said combined linear attenuation being expressed according to an energy selected from among E 0 and E 1, - the estimation of the density of said material from the values of said combined linear attenuation function for a plurality of energy values, by application of a first multivariable model, - the determination of a function Dμ' representative of a comparison between the values taken by said combined linear attenuation function μ' for energy values having a constant difference dE, - the estimation of an actual atomic number by weight of said material from the values of said function Dμ' for a plurality of energy values, by application of a second multivariable model.