A system for treating central sleep apnea of a subject having an airway, using accumulated retrograde volume of breathable gas at or near the airway of the subject, the system comprising: one or more sensors that generate one or more output signals conveying measurements related to one or more parameters of the breathable gas at or near the airway of the subject; and one or more processors configured to execute computer program modules, the computer program modules comprising: a respiratory event module configured to detect occurrences of respiratory events based on the one or more output signals generated by the one or more sensors, wherein the respiratory events include a first type of respiratory event and a second type of respiratory event, wherein the first type of respiratory event is different from the second type of respiratory event; and a rebreathing module configured to adjust a rebreathing level of the subject based on detected occurrences of respiratory events by the respiratory event module, characterized in that the rebreathing module is configured to increase the rebreathing level of the subject responsive to a detected occurrence of the first type of respiratory event, and in that the rebreathing module is further configured to decrease the rebreathing level of the subject responsive to a detected occurrence of the second type of respiratory event. one or more sensors that generate one or more output signals conveying measurements related to one or more parameters of the breathable gas at or near the airway of the subject; and one or more processors configured to execute computer program modules, the computer program modules comprising: a respiratory event module configured to detect occurrences of respiratory events based on the one or more output signals generated by the one or more sensors, wherein the respiratory events include a first type of respiratory event and a second type of respiratory event, wherein the first type of respiratory event is different from the second type of respiratory event; and a rebreathing module configured to adjust a rebreathing level of the subject based on detected occurrences of respiratory events by the respiratory event module, characterized in that the rebreathing module is configured to increase the rebreathing level of the subject responsive to a detected occurrence of the first type of respiratory event, and in that the rebreathing module is further configured to decrease the rebreathing level of the subject responsive to a detected occurrence of the second type of respiratory event. a respiratory event module configured to detect occurrences of respiratory events based on the one or more output signals generated by the one or more sensors, wherein the respiratory events include a first type of respiratory event and a second type of respiratory event, wherein the first type of respiratory event is different from the second type of respiratory event; and a rebreathing module configured to adjust a rebreathing level of the subject based on detected occurrences of respiratory events by the respiratory event module, characterized in that the rebreathing module is configured to increase the rebreathing level of the subject responsive to a detected occurrence of the first type of respiratory event, and in that the rebreathing module is further configured to decrease the rebreathing level of the subject responsive to a detected occurrence of the second type of respiratory event.