A method for identification of aptamers, comprising - contacting a mixture of oligonucleotides with an aptamer-target structure and binding at least a portion of the oligonucleotides to the target structure, - separating the oligonucleotides having bound to the aptamer-target structure from the aptamer-target structure and from oligonucleotides not having bound to the aptamer-target structure, - amplifying in a spatially separated manner all oligonucleotides bound to the aptamer-target structure and generating spatially separated amplification products for each oligonucleotide, wherein each amplification product contains primarily one type of oligonucleotide, - assigning a specific position label to each of the spatially separated amplification products, so that each of the labeled amplification products is unequivocally identifiable based on its specific position label, - sequencing oligonucleotides of the identified amplification products and assigning the position label specific for the amplification product to the sequence of the type of oligonucleotides in the amplification product - producing an array of the amplification products, wherein the amplified oligonucleotides are applied to at least one first carrier so that the array comprises individual spots with uniform sequences for each selected oligonucleotide, - analyzing the binding characteristics of all types of oligonucleotides arranged on the array of amplification products to the aptamer-target structure, and assigning the binding characteristics analyzed to the specific position labels of the amplification products and the sequences of the corresponding types of oligonucleotides, - wherein for analyzing the binding characteristics, the array of the amplification products is brought into contact with the aptamer-target structure. - contacting a mixture of oligonucleotides with an aptamer-target structure and binding at least a portion of the oligonucleotides to the target structure, - separating the oligonucleotides having bound to the aptamer-target structure from the aptamer-target structure and from oligonucleotides not having bound to the aptamer-target structure, - amplifying in a spatially separated manner all oligonucleotides bound to the aptamer-target structure and generating spatially separated amplification products for each oligonucleotide, wherein each amplification product contains primarily one type of oligonucleotide, - assigning a specific position label to each of the spatially separated amplification products, so that each of the labeled amplification products is unequivocally identifiable based on its specific position label, - sequencing oligonucleotides of the identified amplification products and assigning the position label specific for the amplification product to the sequence of the type of oligonucleotides in the amplification product - producing an array of the amplification products, wherein the amplified oligonucleotides are applied to at least one first carrier so that the array comprises individual spots with uniform sequences for each selected oligonucleotide, - analyzing the binding characteristics of all types of oligonucleotides arranged on the array of amplification products to the aptamer-target structure, and assigning the binding characteristics analyzed to the specific position labels of the amplification products and the sequences of the corresponding types of oligonucleotides, - wherein for analyzing the binding characteristics, the array of the amplification products is brought into contact with the aptamer-target structure.