A production management apparatus for managing a production line involving an operation performed by a worker, the apparatus comprising: an activity obtaining unit configured to obtain information indicating an activity of the worker during the operation, the information indicating an activity of the worker being information relating to at least one physiological parameter obtained by means of at least one activity sensor (3, 4); a first estimation unit configured to estimate emotion and cognition of the worker during the operation based on the information indicating the activity, obtained by the activity obtaining unit, used as a primary indicator, and first learning data indicating a relationship between the activity and the emotion of the worker and a relationship between the activity and the cognition of the worker, wherein the first learning data comprises data generated on the basis of information indicating emotion of at least one worker, information indicating cognition of the at least one worker, and information indicating activity of the at least one worker, wherein said information indicating emotion relate to at least one physiological parameter obtained by means of at least one first sensor, said information indicating cognition relate to at least one parameter indicative of cognition and obtained by means of at least one second sensor, and said information indicating activity relate to at least one physiological parameter obtained by means of at least one third sensor, wherein the at least one activity sensor (3, 4) is a sensor that requires smaller information amount, and/or less processing load, and/or less time resolution, and/or constructionally simpler and/or less complex than at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor; a second estimation unit configured to estimate productivity of the worker based on the estimated emotion and cognition each used as a secondary indicator, and second learning data indicating a relationship between the productivity, and the emotion and the cognition of the worker; and an intervention determination unit configured to determine an intervention to be provided for the worker based on the productivity estimated by the second estimation unit and a predetermined condition for providing an intervention. an activity obtaining unit configured to obtain information indicating an activity of the worker during the operation, the information indicating an activity of the worker being information relating to at least one physiological parameter obtained by means of at least one activity sensor (3, 4); a first estimation unit configured to estimate emotion and cognition of the worker during the operation based on the information indicating the activity, obtained by the activity obtaining unit, used as a primary indicator, and first learning data indicating a relationship between the activity and the emotion of the worker and a relationship between the activity and the cognition of the worker, wherein the first learning data comprises data generated on the basis of information indicating emotion of at least one worker, information indicating cognition of the at least one worker, and information indicating activity of the at least one worker, wherein said information indicating emotion relate to at least one physiological parameter obtained by means of at least one first sensor, said information indicating cognition relate to at least one parameter indicative of cognition and obtained by means of at least one second sensor, and said information indicating activity relate to at least one physiological parameter obtained by means of at least one third sensor, wherein the at least one activity sensor (3, 4) is a sensor that requires smaller information amount, and/or less processing load, and/or less time resolution, and/or constructionally simpler and/or less complex than at least one of the first sensor and the second sensor; a second estimation unit configured to estimate productivity of the worker based on the estimated emotion and cognition each used as a secondary indicator, and second learning data indicating a relationship between the productivity, and the emotion and the cognition of the worker; and an intervention determination unit configured to determine an intervention to be provided for the worker based on the productivity estimated by the second estimation unit and a predetermined condition for providing an intervention.