A tapered roller bearing, comprising: an outer ring having a tapered raceway surface on an inner periphery thereof, an inner ring having a tapered raceway surface on an outer periphery thereof, and comprising a large-collar surface on a large-diameter side of the raceway surface; and a small-collar surface on a small diameter side of the raceway surface; a plurality of tapered rollers arrayed between both of the raceway surfaces (12a, 13a) so as to be freely rollable; and a cage configured to receive the tapered rollers, wherein each of the tapered rollers has a large end side including an end surface chamfer, a relief portion, and a large end surface located between the end surface chamfer and the relief portion, the large end surface to be held in contact with and guided by the large-collar surface of the inner ring during use of the bearing, wherein when R represents a set curvature radius of the large end surface of each of the tapered rollers, and R BASE represents a base curvature radius (R BASE) from a vertex of a cone angle of each of the tapered rollers to the large-collar surface of the inner ring, the base curvature radius R BASE is 100 mm or less, and a ratio R/R BASE of the set curvature radius R to the base curvature radius R BASE is set to 0.90 or less, and wherein the large end surface of each of the tapered rollers is formed by an annular surface centered on a tapered roller centerline and has two arc-shaped convex cross sections in a vertical cross section of the tapered roller, the two arc-shaped convex cross sections each having an actual curvature radius R ACTUAL that is smaller than the set curvature radius R in the vertical cross section of the tapered roller, characterised in that the actual curvature radius R ACTUAL is defined as a radius of an arc curve passing through three points of each of the two arc-shaped convex cross sections, which are - a connection point (P1 or P4) between the large end surface and the end surface chamfer, - a connection point (P2 or P3) between the large end surface and the relief portion, and - a midpoint (P5 or P6) between the connection points(P1,P2 or P3,P4), in the vertical cross section of the tapered roller, and wherein a ratio R ACTUAL /R of the actual curvature radius R ACTUAL to the set curvature radius R is a value exceeding 0.5. an outer ring having a tapered raceway surface on an inner periphery thereof, an inner ring having a tapered raceway surface on an outer periphery thereof, and comprising a large-collar surface on a large-diameter side of the raceway surface; and a small-collar surface on a small diameter side of the raceway surface; a plurality of tapered rollers arrayed between both of the raceway surfaces (12a, 13a) so as to be freely rollable; and a cage configured to receive the tapered rollers, wherein each of the tapered rollers has a large end side including an end surface chamfer, a relief portion, and a large end surface located between the end surface chamfer and the relief portion, the large end surface to be held in contact with and guided by the large-collar surface of the inner ring during use of the bearing, wherein when R represents a set curvature radius of the large end surface of each of the tapered rollers, and R BASE represents a base curvature radius (R BASE) from a vertex of a cone angle of each of the tapered rollers to the large-collar surface of the inner ring, the base curvature radius R BASE is 100 mm or less, and a ratio R/R BASE of the set curvature radius R to the base curvature radius R BASE is set to 0.90 or less, and wherein the large end surface of each of the tapered rollers is formed by an annular surface centered on a tapered roller centerline and has two arc-shaped convex cross sections in a vertical cross section of the tapered roller, the two arc-shaped convex cross sections each having an actual curvature radius R ACTUAL that is smaller than the set curvature radius R in the vertical cross section of the tapered roller, characterised in that the actual curvature radius R ACTUAL is defined as a radius of an arc curve passing through three points of each of the two arc-shaped convex cross sections, which are - a connection point (P1 or P4) between the large end surface and the end surface chamfer, - a connection point (P2 or P3) between the large end surface and the relief portion, and - a midpoint (P5 or P6) between the connection points(P1,P2 or P3,P4), - a connection point (P1 or P4) between the large end surface and the end surface chamfer, - a connection point (P2 or P3) between the large end surface and the relief portion, and - a midpoint (P5 or P6) between the connection points(P1,P2 or P3,P4),