A composition capable of detecting and typing pathogens that cause a respiratory tract infection, the composition comprising: a first nucleic acid composition: an influenza A virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, an influenza A virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and an influenza A virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; an influenza B virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, an influenza B virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, and an influenza B virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6; a respiratory syncytial virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, a respiratory syncytial virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and a respiratory syncytial virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and a second nucleic acid composition: a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, a respiratory adenovirus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and a respiratory adenovirus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, and a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; a Mycoplasma pneumoniae forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, a Mycoplasma pneumoniae reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, and a Mycoplasma pneumoniae probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18; wherein fluorescent groups of the first nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other, and fluorescent groups of the second nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other. a first nucleic acid composition: an influenza A virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, an influenza A virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and an influenza A virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; an influenza B virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, an influenza B virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, and an influenza B virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6; a respiratory syncytial virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, a respiratory syncytial virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and a respiratory syncytial virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and an influenza A virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, an influenza A virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and an influenza A virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 3; an influenza B virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, an influenza B virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 5, and an influenza B virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 6; a respiratory syncytial virus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 7, a respiratory syncytial virus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 8, and a respiratory syncytial virus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 9; and a second nucleic acid composition: a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, a respiratory adenovirus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and a respiratory adenovirus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, and a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; a Mycoplasma pneumoniae forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, a Mycoplasma pneumoniae reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, and a Mycoplasma pneumoniae probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18; wherein fluorescent groups of the first nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other, and fluorescent groups of the second nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other. a respiratory adenovirus forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 10, a respiratory adenovirus reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 11, and a respiratory adenovirus probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 12; a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 13, a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 14, and a novel coronavirus 2019-nCoV probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 15; a Mycoplasma pneumoniae forward primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 16, a Mycoplasma pneumoniae reverse primer as shown in SEQ ID NO: 17, and a Mycoplasma pneumoniae probe as shown in SEQ ID NO: 18; wherein fluorescent groups of the first nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other, and fluorescent groups of the second nucleic acid composition are different from each other and do not interfere with each other.