A method for predicting a high frequency band excitation signal, comprising: acquiring, by a voice decoder, according to a received low frequency band bitstream, a set of spectral frequency parameters that are arranged in an order of frequencies, wherein the spectral frequency parameters comprise low frequency band line spectral frequency, LSF, parameters; calculating, by the voice decoder, spectral frequency parameter differences between every two adjacent spectral frequency parameters according to the order of frequencies; determining, by the voice decoder, according to a rate of the low frequency band bitstream, a search range for searching for a minimum spectral frequency parameter difference; correcting, by the voice decoder, each calculated spectral frequency parameter difference in the search range using a correction factor to obtain a plurality of corrected spectral frequency parameter differences, wherein the correction factor decreases with increase of a frequency, and the correction factor is greater than 0 and less than 1; searching, by the voice decoder, for the minimum spectral frequency parameter difference from the corrected spectral frequency parameter differences; determining, by the voice decoder, according to a frequency bin that corresponds to the minimum spectral frequency parameter difference, a start frequency bin for predicting a high band excitation signal from a low frequency band; and predicting, by the voice decoder, the high frequency band excitation signal by selecting, from a low frequency band excitation signal that corresponds to the low frequency band bitstream, a frequency band with preset bandwidth as the high frequency band excitation signal according to the start frequency bin; wherein when the rate is greater than a given threshold, a signal with a frequency band adjacent to a high frequency signal in the low frequency excitation signal obtained by means of decoding is fixedly selected as the high frequency excitation signal. acquiring, by a voice decoder, according to a received low frequency band bitstream, a set of spectral frequency parameters that are arranged in an order of frequencies, wherein the spectral frequency parameters comprise low frequency band line spectral frequency, LSF, parameters; calculating, by the voice decoder, spectral frequency parameter differences between every two adjacent spectral frequency parameters according to the order of frequencies; determining, by the voice decoder, according to a rate of the low frequency band bitstream, a search range for searching for a minimum spectral frequency parameter difference; correcting, by the voice decoder, each calculated spectral frequency parameter difference in the search range using a correction factor to obtain a plurality of corrected spectral frequency parameter differences, wherein the correction factor decreases with increase of a frequency, and the correction factor is greater than 0 and less than 1; searching, by the voice decoder, for the minimum spectral frequency parameter difference from the corrected spectral frequency parameter differences; determining, by the voice decoder, according to a frequency bin that corresponds to the minimum spectral frequency parameter difference, a start frequency bin for predicting a high band excitation signal from a low frequency band; and predicting, by the voice decoder, the high frequency band excitation signal by selecting, from a low frequency band excitation signal that corresponds to the low frequency band bitstream, a frequency band with preset bandwidth as the high frequency band excitation signal according to the start frequency bin; wherein when the rate is greater than a given threshold, a signal with a frequency band adjacent to a high frequency signal in the low frequency excitation signal obtained by means of decoding is fixedly selected as the high frequency excitation signal.