Cultivation and sampling method for plants which are grown in a multi-part sampling device, wherein the sampling device provides an upper part having an upper part designation and having a number of cultivation containers (4.1), as well as a lower part having a lower part designation and an equal number of sample containers (2.1), and wherein when the sampling device is in the assembled position the upper part is connected to the lower part such that the sample containers (2.1) are arranged corresponding to the cultivation containers (4.1) beneath the very same, said method comprising the following steps: - during a cultivation phase, the plants in the cultivation containers (4.1) filled with a substrate and/or nutrients are grown in the upper part of the sampling device; - after the roots of the plants have grown through a base opening (4.1.1) provided in each cultivation container (4.1) into the sample container (2.1) provided below, when the sampling device is in the assembled position the root parts provided in the lower part are cut off from the plants by means of a blade provided as part of the sampling device and held in the assembled position on the lower part and/or the upper part, in that the blade is guided along a cutting plate of the sampling device fixed on the lower part; - in a preparation phase preceding an analysis phase, the lower part with the root parts provided therein is separated from the upper part of the sampling device together with the cutting plate and is then supplied to a punching device, and then annular, preferably circular, sections (8.5) are punched out of the cutting plate by means of a punching stamp of the punching device around cutting holes (8.1) of the cutting plate, and said sections are transferred to the interior of the respectively allocated sample container (2.1); - during the analysis phase, the lower part of the sampling device having the root parts located therein is supplied to an analysis device and for the different root parts a phenotypic description and/or molecular biological examination is carried out; - during a selection phase, the upper part of the sampling device having the vital plants located therein is supplied to and positioned in a selecting device. - during a cultivation phase, the plants in the cultivation containers (4.1) filled with a substrate and/or nutrients are grown in the upper part of the sampling device; - after the roots of the plants have grown through a base opening (4.1.1) provided in each cultivation container (4.1) into the sample container (2.1) provided below, when the sampling device is in the assembled position the root parts provided in the lower part are cut off from the plants by means of a blade provided as part of the sampling device and held in the assembled position on the lower part and/or the upper part, in that the blade is guided along a cutting plate of the sampling device fixed on the lower part; - in a preparation phase preceding an analysis phase, the lower part with the root parts provided therein is separated from the upper part of the sampling device together with the cutting plate and is then supplied to a punching device, and then annular, preferably circular, sections (8.5) are punched out of the cutting plate by means of a punching stamp of the punching device around cutting holes (8.1) of the cutting plate, and said sections are transferred to the interior of the respectively allocated sample container (2.1); - during the analysis phase, the lower part of the sampling device having the root parts located therein is supplied to an analysis device and for the different root parts a phenotypic description and/or molecular biological examination is carried out; - during a selection phase, the upper part of the sampling device having the vital plants located therein is supplied to and positioned in a selecting device.