A thermal management and automatic fire-extinguishing system of a vehicle battery, used for managing the vehicle battery in a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle, comprising: fire-extinguishing packages which are disposed adjacent to or in contact with the vehicle battery, and filled with a fire-extinguishing agent; wherein the fire-extinguishing packages are configured to be opened when the temperature of the vehicle battery is higher than a preset temperature, so that the fire-extinguishing agent can be released and then filled into a space where the vehicle battery is located; wherein the fire-extinguishing packages comprise an upper fire-extinguishing package and a lower fire-extinguishing package, the upper fire-extinguishing package covers on the upper surface of each vehicle battery or a battery module composed of the vehicle batteries, and the lower fire-extinguishing package covers on the lower surface of each vehicle battery or the battery module composed of the vehicle batteries; wherein the upper fire-extinguishing package and the lower fire-extinguishing package are communicated with each other; and characterised in that the upper fire-extinguishing package is connected with a pump in parallel, the fire-extinguishing agent in the upper fire-extinguishing package, which is pumped by the pump, can heat or cool the battery module, and the lower fire-extinguishing package is connected with the pump in parallel, and the fire-extinguishing agent in the lower fire-extinguishing package, which is pumped by the pump, can heat or cool the battery module wherein a melting point of the material of the lower fire-extinguishing package is higher than a melting point of the material of at least a part of the upper fire-extinguishing package; and wherein when the temperature of the battery module is higher than the preset temperature, the upper fire-extinguishing package is opened to extinguish the fire, the lower fire-extinguishing package cools the vehicle battery. fire-extinguishing packages which are disposed adjacent to or in contact with the vehicle battery, and filled with a fire-extinguishing agent; wherein the fire-extinguishing packages are configured to be opened when the temperature of the vehicle battery is higher than a preset temperature, so that the fire-extinguishing agent can be released and then filled into a space where the vehicle battery is located; wherein the fire-extinguishing packages comprise an upper fire-extinguishing package and a lower fire-extinguishing package, the upper fire-extinguishing package covers on the upper surface of each vehicle battery or a battery module composed of the vehicle batteries, and the lower fire-extinguishing package covers on the lower surface of each vehicle battery or the battery module composed of the vehicle batteries; wherein the upper fire-extinguishing package and the lower fire-extinguishing package are communicated with each other; and wherein a melting point of the material of the lower fire-extinguishing package is higher than a melting point of the material of at least a part of the upper fire-extinguishing package; and wherein when the temperature of the battery module is higher than the preset temperature, the upper fire-extinguishing package is opened to extinguish the fire, the lower fire-extinguishing package cools the vehicle battery.