A surgical handpiece system for selectively performing measurement functions and surgical operations, the surgical handpiece system comprising: a handpiece assembly comprising: a handpiece housing assembly comprising a proximal region and a distal region, and the handpiece housing assembly comprising a handpiece coupler adjacent the distal region, and a drive cannula rotatably coupled to the handpiece housing assembly, the drive cannula extending along a longitudinal axis and being configured to receive torque from a motor; a surgical attachment module removably coupleable to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region so as to receive mechanical power from the surgical handpiece assembly, the surgical attachment module comprising: a surgical attachment housing comprising a surgical attachment coupler adapted to cooperate with the handpiece coupler to removably couple the surgical attachment housing to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region, and a drive shaft rotatably coupled to the surgical attachment housing and configured to receive torque from the drive cannula to operate an end effector; and a measurement module removably coupleable to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region, the measurement module being configured to perform measurement functions associated with operation of the handpiece assembly without the measurement module receiving mechanical power from the surgical handpiece assembly when coupled thereto, and the measurement module comprising a measurement housing and a measurement coupler (324, 326), wherein the measurement coupler (324, 326) is configured to cooperate with the handpiece coupler to removably couple the measurement housing to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region, wherein the handpiece coupler is adapted to interchangeably attach both the surgical attachment module and the measurement module. a handpiece assembly comprising: a handpiece housing assembly comprising a proximal region and a distal region, and the handpiece housing assembly comprising a handpiece coupler adjacent the distal region, and a drive cannula rotatably coupled to the handpiece housing assembly, the drive cannula extending along a longitudinal axis and being configured to receive torque from a motor; a handpiece housing assembly comprising a proximal region and a distal region, and the handpiece housing assembly comprising a handpiece coupler adjacent the distal region, and a drive cannula rotatably coupled to the handpiece housing assembly, the drive cannula extending along a longitudinal axis and being configured to receive torque from a motor; a surgical attachment module removably coupleable to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region so as to receive mechanical power from the surgical handpiece assembly, the surgical attachment module comprising: a surgical attachment housing comprising a surgical attachment coupler adapted to cooperate with the handpiece coupler to removably couple the surgical attachment housing to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region, and a drive shaft rotatably coupled to the surgical attachment housing and configured to receive torque from the drive cannula to operate an end effector; and a surgical attachment housing comprising a surgical attachment coupler adapted to cooperate with the handpiece coupler to removably couple the surgical attachment housing to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region, and a drive shaft rotatably coupled to the surgical attachment housing and configured to receive torque from the drive cannula to operate an end effector; and a measurement module removably coupleable to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region, the measurement module being configured to perform measurement functions associated with operation of the handpiece assembly without the measurement module receiving mechanical power from the surgical handpiece assembly when coupled thereto, and the measurement module comprising a measurement housing and a measurement coupler (324, 326), wherein the measurement coupler (324, 326) is configured to cooperate with the handpiece coupler to removably couple the measurement housing to the handpiece housing assembly adjacent the distal region, wherein the handpiece coupler is adapted to interchangeably attach both the surgical attachment module and the measurement module.