A system configured to determine timing of sensory stimulation delivered to a subject during a sleep session, the sensory stimulation configured to increase slow wave activity and minimize arousals in the subject during the sleep session, the system comprising: one or more sensory stimulators configured to provide sensory stimuli to the subject; one or more sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information related to brain activity of the subject; and one or more physical computer processors configured by computer-readable instructions to: - detect transitions in sleep state of the subject during the sleep session based on the output signals and baseline sleep state criteria; - control the one or more sensory stimulators to provide sensory stimulation to the subject with a timing based on the detected transitions in sleep state; - subsequent to the sleep session, obtain reference indications of transitions in sleep state, the reference indications of transitions in sleep state being generated based on analysis of the output signals generated during the sleep session; - compare the detected transitions in sleep state to the reference indications of transitions in sleep state; - based on the comparison, adjust the baseline sleep state criteria to enhance correlation between detected transitions in sleep state during the sleep session using the baseline sleep state criteria and the reference indications of transitions in sleep state during the sleep session; and - subsequent to adjustment of the baseline sleep state criteria, utilize the adjusted baseline sleep state criteria to detect transitions in sleep state of the subject for the purpose of controlling the one or more sensory stimulators. one or more sensory stimulators configured to provide sensory stimuli to the subject; one or more sensors configured to generate output signals conveying information related to brain activity of the subject; and one or more physical computer processors configured by computer-readable instructions to: - detect transitions in sleep state of the subject during the sleep session based on the output signals and baseline sleep state criteria; - control the one or more sensory stimulators to provide sensory stimulation to the subject with a timing based on the detected transitions in sleep state; - subsequent to the sleep session, obtain reference indications of transitions in sleep state, the reference indications of transitions in sleep state being generated based on analysis of the output signals generated during the sleep session; - compare the detected transitions in sleep state to the reference indications of transitions in sleep state; - based on the comparison, adjust the baseline sleep state criteria to enhance correlation between detected transitions in sleep state during the sleep session using the baseline sleep state criteria and the reference indications of transitions in sleep state during the sleep session; and - subsequent to adjustment of the baseline sleep state criteria, utilize the adjusted baseline sleep state criteria to detect transitions in sleep state of the subject for the purpose of controlling the one or more sensory stimulators. - detect transitions in sleep state of the subject during the sleep session based on the output signals and baseline sleep state criteria; - control the one or more sensory stimulators to provide sensory stimulation to the subject with a timing based on the detected transitions in sleep state; - subsequent to the sleep session, obtain reference indications of transitions in sleep state, the reference indications of transitions in sleep state being generated based on analysis of the output signals generated during the sleep session; - compare the detected transitions in sleep state to the reference indications of transitions in sleep state; - based on the comparison, adjust the baseline sleep state criteria to enhance correlation between detected transitions in sleep state during the sleep session using the baseline sleep state criteria and the reference indications of transitions in sleep state during the sleep session; and - subsequent to adjustment of the baseline sleep state criteria, utilize the adjusted baseline sleep state criteria to detect transitions in sleep state of the subject for the purpose of controlling the one or more sensory stimulators.