A control device of an imaging apparatus including a light source (20, 200) and an imaging element, in which the light source (20, 200) is able to irradiate an observation target with illumination light from a plurality of irradiation positions having different irradiation angles, and the imaging element outputs an interference fringe image by imaging an interference fringe between diffracted light, which is the illumination light diffracted by the observation target, and reference light, which is the illumination light that does not pass through the observation target, the control device comprising: an acquisition unit that acquires positional information indicating a position of the observation target; characterized by: a setting unit that sets, from among the plurality of irradiation positions (IP11 to IP55), required irradiation positions, which are irradiation positions corresponding to the position of the observation target indicated by the positional information and are irradiation positions required for obtaining a plurality of the interference fringe images that are sources of a super-resolution interference fringe image having a resolution exceeding a resolution of the imaging element; a light source control unit that causes the light source (20, 200) to emit the illumination light from the required irradiation positions by controlling an operation of the light source; and an imaging control unit that causes the imaging element to output the interference fringe image at each required irradiation position. an acquisition unit that acquires positional information indicating a position of the observation target; characterized by: a setting unit that sets, from among the plurality of irradiation positions (IP11 to IP55), required irradiation positions, which are irradiation positions corresponding to the position of the observation target indicated by the positional information and are irradiation positions required for obtaining a plurality of the interference fringe images that are sources of a super-resolution interference fringe image having a resolution exceeding a resolution of the imaging element; a light source control unit that causes the light source (20, 200) to emit the illumination light from the required irradiation positions by controlling an operation of the light source; and an imaging control unit that causes the imaging element to output the interference fringe image at each required irradiation position. a setting unit that sets, from among the plurality of irradiation positions (IP11 to IP55), required irradiation positions, which are irradiation positions corresponding to the position of the observation target indicated by the positional information and are irradiation positions required for obtaining a plurality of the interference fringe images that are sources of a super-resolution interference fringe image having a resolution exceeding a resolution of the imaging element; a light source control unit that causes the light source (20, 200) to emit the illumination light from the required irradiation positions by controlling an operation of the light source; and an imaging control unit that causes the imaging element to output the interference fringe image at each required irradiation position.