Spectroscopic measuring apparatus, being configured for measuring a spectral response of a sample, comprising - a fs laser source device being arranged for an irradiation of the sample with probe light pulses with a pulse duration equal to or below 100 fs and having a primary spectrum, which covers a wavelength range including wavelengths of at least 3 pm, and - a detector device being arranged for a spectrally resolved detection of the probe light pulses after an interaction thereof with the sample, wherein the detector device is configured for the spectrally resolved detection of a modified spectrum deviating from the primary spectrum of the probe light pulses by time-domain sampling a temporal shape of the probe light after the interaction thereof with the sample and a Fourier transformation of the temporal shape of the probe light, characterized in that - the spectroscopic measuring apparatus is configured for measuring a spectral response of a biological sample, wherein after the interaction with the biological sample, each of the probe light pulses comprises a main pulse corresponding to the primary spectrum of the probe light pulses and a temporal trail being induced by absorption of the biological sample and trailing the main pulse, - the fs laser source device is configured to create the probe light pulses with an average power above 50 mW, and - the detector device is configured for time-domain sampling of the temporal trail being induced by the absorption of the biological sample in a time range after the pulse duration of the probe light pulses, for obtaining the spectral response as a specific spectral band pattern of the biological sample, - the spectroscopic measuring apparatus includes a calculation device being configured for evaluating the spectral response of the sample from a subject under investigation and obtaining a diagnostically relevant information on the sample, which can be used for providing or validating a medical diagnosis, wherein - the calculation device includes at least one of a filter unit configured to identify diagnostically relevant substances on the basis of the specific bands in the modified spectrum, a first comparing unit configured to compare at least a portion of the modified spectrum with a stored spectral response previously collected with another sample of the subject under investigation, and a second comparing unit configured to compare at least a portion of the modified spectrum with reference data of other subjects. - a fs laser source device being arranged for an irradiation of the sample with probe light pulses with a pulse duration equal to or below 100 fs and having a primary spectrum, which covers a wavelength range including wavelengths of at least 3 pm, and - a detector device being arranged for a spectrally resolved detection of the probe light pulses after an interaction thereof with the sample, wherein the detector device is configured for the spectrally resolved detection of a modified spectrum deviating from the primary spectrum of the probe light pulses by time-domain sampling a temporal shape of the probe light after the interaction thereof with the sample and a Fourier transformation of the temporal shape of the probe light, characterized in that - the spectroscopic measuring apparatus is configured for measuring a spectral response of a biological sample, wherein after the interaction with the biological sample, each of the probe light pulses comprises a main pulse corresponding to the primary spectrum of the probe light pulses and a temporal trail being induced by absorption of the biological sample and trailing the main pulse, - the fs laser source device is configured to create the probe light pulses with an average power above 50 mW, and - the detector device is configured for time-domain sampling of the temporal trail being induced by the absorption of the biological sample in a time range after the pulse duration of the probe light pulses, for obtaining the spectral response as a specific spectral band pattern of the biological sample, - the spectroscopic measuring apparatus includes a calculation device being configured for evaluating the spectral response of the sample from a subject under investigation and obtaining a diagnostically relevant information on the sample, which can be used for providing or validating a medical diagnosis, wherein - the calculation device includes at least one of a filter unit configured to identify diagnostically relevant substances on the basis of the specific bands in the modified spectrum, a first comparing unit configured to compare at least a portion of the modified spectrum with a stored spectral response previously collected with another sample of the subject under investigation, and a second comparing unit configured to compare at least a portion of the modified spectrum with reference data of other subjects.