A Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member comprising a Ti-Al-based alloy which comprises: 28.0 mass% to 35.0 mass% of Al; 1.0 mass% to 15.0 mass% of at least one selected from the group consisting of Nb, Mo, W and Ta; 0.1 mass% to 5.0 mass% of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn and V; 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass% of Si, and optionally 0.2 mass% or less of C, 0.2 mass% or less of B, 0.3 mass% or less of O, and 0.2 mass% or less of N, with the balance being Ti and unavoidable impurities, wherein a whole or a part of a surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member includes a hardened layer as a surface layer, said hardened layer having a higher hardness than an inside of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member, wherein the α 2 phase volume ratio in the hardened layer is 30% or higher, wherein the α 2 phase volume ratio of the hardened layer is a volume ratio of an α 2 phase measured at a site located at a distance of 0.02 mm ± 0.005 mm from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member, and the α 2 phase volume ratio of the inside of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member is less than 30%, wherein the α 2 phase volume ratio of the inside is a volume ratio of an α2 phase measured at a site located at a distance of 0.50 mm ± 0.10 mm from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member and the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member has a hardness ratio represented by the following expression (a) of 1.4 to 2.5: Hardness ratio = HV S / HV I in which HV s is a hardness of the surface layer and is a Vickers hardness measured at a site located at a distance of 0.02 mm ± 0.005 mm from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member (load: 0.98 N), and HV I is a hardness of the inside of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member and is a Vickers hardness measured at a site located at a distance of 0.50 mm ± 0.10 mm from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member (load: 0.98 N), and wherein a hardened layer depth, which is a distance from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member to a site where the hardness is HV S -0.5 ΔHV, wherein ΔHV is the difference between HV s and HV I, is 0.03 to 0.25 mm. 28.0 mass% to 35.0 mass% of Al; 1.0 mass% to 15.0 mass% of at least one selected from the group consisting of Nb, Mo, W and Ta; 0.1 mass% to 5.0 mass% of at least one selected from the group consisting of Cr, Mn and V; 0.1 mass% to 1.0 mass% of Si, and optionally 0.2 mass% or less of C, 0.2 mass% or less of B, 0.3 mass% or less of O, and 0.2 mass% or less of N, in which HV s is a hardness of the surface layer and is a Vickers hardness measured at a site located at a distance of 0.02 mm ± 0.005 mm from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member (load: 0.98 N), and HV I is a hardness of the inside of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member and is a Vickers hardness measured at a site located at a distance of 0.50 mm ± 0.10 mm from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member (load: 0.98 N), and wherein a hardened layer depth, which is a distance from the surface of the Ti-Al-based heat-resistant member to a site where the hardness is HV S -0.5 ΔHV, wherein ΔHV is the difference between HV s and HV I, is 0.03 to 0.25 mm.