A railway rail fastening assembly comprising: an anchoring device; a side post insulator configured to be positioned between the anchoring device and a rail foot of a rail in an installed configuration; and a pad (20, 120), the pad being configured for placement between the rail and an underlying foundation, wherein a cross-section of the pad comprises: a rigid layer (28c, 128c); and a first resilient layer configured to face the underlying foundation, wherein the rigid layer (28c, 128c) is integrally formed with the first resilient layer (28a, 28b), wherein an edge of the pad comprises a pair of spaced apart ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') that extend beyond a central region of the pad, characterized in that the ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') are configured to extend alongside a substantial portion of the anchoring device such that the ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') extend at least beyond the side post insulator between the anchoring device and the rail, and the rigid layer (28c, 128c) extends from the central region into almost an end of the ears and has a rigidity that resists bending of the rigid layer during use of the rail such that the ears are configured to limit the amount of rail roll as a lateral force is applied to the rail. an anchoring device; a side post insulator configured to be positioned between the anchoring device and a rail foot of a rail in an installed configuration; and a pad (20, 120), the pad being configured for placement between the rail and an underlying foundation, wherein a cross-section of the pad comprises: a rigid layer (28c, 128c); and a first resilient layer configured to face the underlying foundation, wherein the rigid layer (28c, 128c) is integrally formed with the first resilient layer (28a, 28b), wherein an edge of the pad comprises a pair of spaced apart ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') that extend beyond a central region of the pad, characterized in that the ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') are configured to extend alongside a substantial portion of the anchoring device such that the ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') extend at least beyond the side post insulator between the anchoring device and the rail, and the rigid layer (28c, 128c) extends from the central region into almost an end of the ears and has a rigidity that resists bending of the rigid layer during use of the rail such that the ears are configured to limit the amount of rail roll as a lateral force is applied to the rail. a rigid layer (28c, 128c); and a first resilient layer configured to face the underlying foundation, wherein the rigid layer (28c, 128c) is integrally formed with the first resilient layer (28a, 28b), wherein an edge of the pad comprises a pair of spaced apart ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') that extend beyond a central region of the pad, characterized in that the ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') are configured to extend alongside a substantial portion of the anchoring device such that the ears (24a', 24a'', 124a', 124a'') extend at least beyond the side post insulator between the anchoring device and the rail, and the rigid layer (28c, 128c) extends from the central region into almost an end of the ears and has a rigidity that resists bending of the rigid layer during use of the rail such that the ears are configured to limit the amount of rail roll as a lateral force is applied to the rail.