A computer-implemented method for interoperable data exchange between a first real-world entity and a second real-world entity with both real-world entities connected to the same communication network, the first and second real-world entities having first and second digital representations (111, 112), respectively, each digital representation being a virtual entity replicating data, structure and functions associated with any one of the real-world entities (101, 102), wherein the first and the second digital representations (111, 112) have different formats (F1, F2), the method, executed by at least one computing device of the second real-world entity, comprising: receiving a request for data of the second digital representation to be provided to the first digital representation; evaluating a set of predefined mapping strategies with each mapping strategy being associated with a target model template, indicating the structure and semantics of a target data model into which the respective mapping strategy can transform a corresponding source data model, by determining a mapping similarity measure for each mapping strategy based on similarities in the structure and semantics of respective data models (DM1, DM2) of the first and second digital representations with the corresponding target model templates (133-T); generating a mapping between the format of the first digital representation and the format of the second digital representation, by: selecting at least one mapping strategy (133-1, 501,..., 505) from the set of predefined mapping strategies based on the determined mapping similarity measures (SM1 to SMn); mapping the one or more data models which are associated with the requested data of the of the second digital representation to the corresponding one or more data models of the first digital representation by executing the at least one selected mapping strategy; and providing the requested data to the first real-world entity in accordance with the format of the first digital representation via said mapping. receiving a request for data of the second digital representation to be provided to the first digital representation; evaluating a set of predefined mapping strategies with each mapping strategy being associated with a target model template, indicating the structure and semantics of a target data model into which the respective mapping strategy can transform a corresponding source data model, by determining a mapping similarity measure for each mapping strategy based on similarities in the structure and semantics of respective data models (DM1, DM2) of the first and second digital representations with the corresponding target model templates (133-T); generating a mapping between the format of the first digital representation and the format of the second digital representation, by: selecting at least one mapping strategy (133-1, 501,..., 505) from the set of predefined mapping strategies based on the determined mapping similarity measures (SM1 to SMn); mapping the one or more data models which are associated with the requested data of the of the second digital representation to the corresponding one or more data models of the first digital representation by executing the at least one selected mapping strategy; and providing the requested data to the first real-world entity in accordance with the format of the first digital representation via said mapping. selecting at least one mapping strategy (133-1, 501,..., 505) from the set of predefined mapping strategies based on the determined mapping similarity measures (SM1 to SMn); mapping the one or more data models which are associated with the requested data of the of the second digital representation to the corresponding one or more data models of the first digital representation by executing the at least one selected mapping strategy; and providing the requested data to the first real-world entity in accordance with the format of the first digital representation via said mapping.