A system for generating a Radon image, the system comprising: a plenoptic camera including a microlens array and an image sensor, the plenoptic camera configured to capture plenoptic image data of an image scene; and one or more processors in data communication with the plenoptic camera and configured to at least: receive the captured plenoptic image data, the captured plenoptic image data including a plurality of microimages each formed by one of a plurality of microlenses in the microlens array focusing light from the image scene onto the image sensor, determine a plurality of lines of integration located within a plane bisecting the microlens array, each of the plurality of lines of integration corresponding to a plane extending through three dimensional space of the image scene, for each line of integration of the plurality of lines of integration located within the plane bisecting the microlens array, generating or retrieving a mapping of the line of integration to a plurality of pixels of the image sensor, the mapping based at least partly on focal length and magnification of microlenses of the microlens array lying along the line of integration, and generate a Radon image based at least partly on pixel values, from the captured plenoptic image data, of the plurality of pixels. a plenoptic camera including a microlens array and an image sensor, the plenoptic camera configured to capture plenoptic image data of an image scene; and one or more processors in data communication with the plenoptic camera and configured to at least: receive the captured plenoptic image data, the captured plenoptic image data including a plurality of microimages each formed by one of a plurality of microlenses in the microlens array focusing light from the image scene onto the image sensor, determine a plurality of lines of integration located within a plane bisecting the microlens array, each of the plurality of lines of integration corresponding to a plane extending through three dimensional space of the image scene, for each line of integration of the plurality of lines of integration located within the plane bisecting the microlens array, generating or retrieving a mapping of the line of integration to a plurality of pixels of the image sensor, the mapping based at least partly on focal length and magnification of microlenses of the microlens array lying along the line of integration, and generate a Radon image based at least partly on pixel values, from the captured plenoptic image data, of the plurality of pixels. receive the captured plenoptic image data, the captured plenoptic image data including a plurality of microimages each formed by one of a plurality of microlenses in the microlens array focusing light from the image scene onto the image sensor, determine a plurality of lines of integration located within a plane bisecting the microlens array, each of the plurality of lines of integration corresponding to a plane extending through three dimensional space of the image scene, for each line of integration of the plurality of lines of integration located within the plane bisecting the microlens array, generating or retrieving a mapping of the line of integration to a plurality of pixels of the image sensor, the mapping based at least partly on focal length and magnification of microlenses of the microlens array lying along the line of integration, and generate a Radon image based at least partly on pixel values, from the captured plenoptic image data, of the plurality of pixels.