A selective control system for a population of invertebrates comprising: a compressed air unit; an attractant tank; a poison dispensing unit; a disposal tank for storing disposed individuals; a capture and identification unit for capturing and identifying individuals comprising: a room for housing an individual from the invertebrate population; connecting means of said room with a plurality of areas; a camera for taking at least one image of the individual in the room; an disposal-release unit comprising: a first area for entrance of an individual, where the first area allows the camera to take images, and connects the room with an external access and with the attractant tank; a second area for simple release of an individual, where the second area connects the room with an external access and with the compressed air unit; a third area for instantaneous death of an individual, wherein the third area connects the room with the disposal tank and with the compressed air unit; a processing means associated with the capture and identification unit and with the disposal-release unit, wherein the processing means is programmed to analyze the image of the individual taken by the capture and identification unit by applying trained artificial intelligence algorithms to determine whether there is correspondence with an invertebrate specimen and establish a detection, wherein the processing means is programmed to store detection-related information, and to control the connecting means and change from the first area to a different area selectable between at least the second area and the third area. a compressed air unit; an attractant tank; a poison dispensing unit; a disposal tank for storing disposed individuals; a capture and identification unit for capturing and identifying individuals comprising: a room for housing an individual from the invertebrate population; connecting means of said room with a plurality of areas; a camera for taking at least one image of the individual in the room; a room for housing an individual from the invertebrate population; connecting means of said room with a plurality of areas; a camera for taking at least one image of the individual in the room; an disposal-release unit comprising: a first area for entrance of an individual, where the first area allows the camera to take images, and connects the room with an external access and with the attractant tank; a second area for simple release of an individual, where the second area connects the room with an external access and with the compressed air unit; a third area for instantaneous death of an individual, wherein the third area connects the room with the disposal tank and with the compressed air unit; a first area for entrance of an individual, where the first area allows the camera to take images, and connects the room with an external access and with the attractant tank; a second area for simple release of an individual, where the second area connects the room with an external access and with the compressed air unit; a third area for instantaneous death of an individual, wherein the third area connects the room with the disposal tank and with the compressed air unit; a processing means associated with the capture and identification unit and with the disposal-release unit, wherein the processing means is programmed to analyze the image of the individual taken by the capture and identification unit by applying trained artificial intelligence algorithms to determine whether there is correspondence with an invertebrate specimen and establish a detection, wherein the processing means is programmed to store detection-related information, and to control the connecting means and change from the first area to a different area selectable between at least the second area and the third area.