A digital optical fiber-based distributed signal control system comprising a detection module and a private network module, the detection module comprising at least one detecting base station configured to detect an unauthorized mobile phone, and the private network module comprising a private network base station configured to provide private network communication for authorized users, characterized in that the system further comprises a wireless signal access control module, the wireless signal access control module mainly comprising a receiving antenna, a main control signal unit SU, a converged access unit AU, a remote unit RU, and a transmitting antenna connected in sequence, wherein: the receiving antenna is configured to receive a base station signal in the air from a base station; the main control signal unit SU is configured to obtain the base station signal through a coaxial port, and obtain a baseband control signal corresponding to a communication signal at a frequency band after the base station signal is processed, wherein the baseband control signal after being encoded is transmitted through a digital optical fiber to the converged access unit AU as a main control signal, and the digital optical fiber is configured to transmit a digital signal; the converged access unit AU is configured to transmit the main control signal from the main control signal unit SU, a detecting signal from the detection module and a private network signal from the private network module to the remote unit RU through the digital optical fiber; the remote unit RU is configured to generate an auxiliary control signal according to a signal intensity of an access control area and base station information, mix the generated auxiliary control signal with the main control signal from the converged access unit AU according to an algorithm to generate a preliminary control signal, filter out a signal with a frequency corresponding to the detecting signal and a signal with a frequency corresponding to the private network signal from the preliminary control signal to generate a comprehensive control signal through pre-selection filtering, and finally combine the comprehensive control signal with the detecting signal and the private network signal to generate a comprehensive management signal; the transmitting antenna is configured to transmit the comprehensive management signal from the remote unit RU to the air to control transmitting a signal from the base station to a mobile phone; the at least one detecting base station and the private network base station are configured to establish an uplink and downlink connection through the converged access unit AU, and the remote unit RU in the wireless signal access control module is also configured to serve as a forwarding relay for the detecting signal and the private network signal. the receiving antenna is configured to receive a base station signal in the air from a base station; the main control signal unit SU is configured to obtain the base station signal through a coaxial port, and obtain a baseband control signal corresponding to a communication signal at a frequency band after the base station signal is processed, wherein the baseband control signal after being encoded is transmitted through a digital optical fiber to the converged access unit AU as a main control signal, and the digital optical fiber is configured to transmit a digital signal; the converged access unit AU is configured to transmit the main control signal from the main control signal unit SU, a detecting signal from the detection module and a private network signal from the private network module to the remote unit RU through the digital optical fiber; the remote unit RU is configured to generate an auxiliary control signal according to a signal intensity of an access control area and base station information, mix the generated auxiliary control signal with the main control signal from the converged access unit AU according to an algorithm to generate a preliminary control signal, filter out a signal with a frequency corresponding to the detecting signal and a signal with a frequency corresponding to the private network signal from the preliminary control signal to generate a comprehensive control signal through pre-selection filtering, and finally combine the comprehensive control signal with the detecting signal and the private network signal to generate a comprehensive management signal; the transmitting antenna is configured to transmit the comprehensive management signal from the remote unit RU to the air to control transmitting a signal from the base station to a mobile phone; the at least one detecting base station and the private network base station are configured to establish an uplink and downlink connection through the converged access unit AU, and the remote unit RU in the wireless signal access control module is also configured to serve as a forwarding relay for the detecting signal and the private network signal.