An adaptive radio-frequency interference cancelling device, wherein the adaptive radio-frequency interference cancelling device applies to a full duplex communication system, and the device comprises: an amplitude phase adjusting module, configured to adjust an amplitude and a phase of a radio-frequency reference signal, output a radio-frequency adjustment signal to a subtractor, to enable the radio-frequency adjustment signal to converge to a self-interference signal in a radio-frequency received signal, wherein the radio-frequency reference signal is output by a power amplifier; the subtractor, configured to receive the radio-frequency received signal and the radio-frequency adjustment signal output by the amplitude phase adjusting module, and output a radio-frequency residual signal, wherein the radio-frequency residual signal is a difference signal between the radio-frequency received signal and the radio-frequency adjustment signal; and a baseband extracting and filtering module, configured to receive the radio-frequency reference signal and the radio-frequency residual signal output by the subtractor, extract baseband signals and perform least mean squares adaptive filtering processing on the baseband signals to obtain an amplitude phase control signal and output to the amplitude phase adjusting module, wherein the amplitude phase control signal is used to control the amplitude phase adjusting module to adjust the amplitude and the phase of the radio-frequency reference signal; wherein the baseband extracting and filtering module comprises a first multiplier, a first low-pass filter, a phase shifter, a second multiplier, a second low-pass filter, and a least mean squares adaptive filtering processing module, the radio-frequency reference signal is split into two signals, of which one is mixed with the radio-frequency residual signal by the first multiplier and passes through the first low-pass filter to obtain a first baseband product signal, and the other split radio-frequency reference signal is phase-shifted by 90 degrees via the phase shifter, then mixed with the radio-frequency residual signal by the second multiplier and filtered by the second low-pass filter to obtain a second baseband product signal, and the first baseband product signal and the second baseband product signal are input to the least mean squares adaptive filtering processing module to generate the amplitude phase control signal used to control the amplitude phase adjusting module. an amplitude phase adjusting module, configured to adjust an amplitude and a phase of a radio-frequency reference signal, output a radio-frequency adjustment signal to a subtractor, to enable the radio-frequency adjustment signal to converge to a self-interference signal in a radio-frequency received signal, wherein the radio-frequency reference signal is output by a power amplifier; the subtractor, configured to receive the radio-frequency received signal and the radio-frequency adjustment signal output by the amplitude phase adjusting module, and output a radio-frequency residual signal, wherein the radio-frequency residual signal is a difference signal between the radio-frequency received signal and the radio-frequency adjustment signal; and a baseband extracting and filtering module, configured to receive the radio-frequency reference signal and the radio-frequency residual signal output by the subtractor, extract baseband signals and perform least mean squares adaptive filtering processing on the baseband signals to obtain an amplitude phase control signal and output to the amplitude phase adjusting module, wherein the amplitude phase control signal is used to control the amplitude phase adjusting module to adjust the amplitude and the phase of the radio-frequency reference signal; wherein the baseband extracting and filtering module comprises a first multiplier, a first low-pass filter, a phase shifter, a second multiplier, a second low-pass filter, and a least mean squares adaptive filtering processing module, the radio-frequency reference signal is split into two signals, of which one is mixed with the radio-frequency residual signal by the first multiplier and passes through the first low-pass filter to obtain a first baseband product signal, and the other split radio-frequency reference signal is phase-shifted by 90 degrees via the phase shifter, then mixed with the radio-frequency residual signal by the second multiplier and filtered by the second low-pass filter to obtain a second baseband product signal, and the first baseband product signal and the second baseband product signal are input to the least mean squares adaptive filtering processing module to generate the amplitude phase control signal used to control the amplitude phase adjusting module.