A method of manufacturing a round steel billet by continuous casting comprising: a local cooling step where inhomogeneous forced cooling is applied to a cast product during the continuous casting in such a manner that the inhomogeneous forced cooling cools polar opposites on an outer periphery of the cast product defined by the following more strongly than remaining portions of the cast product other than the polar opposites, the inhomogeneous forced cooling is started at a point of time within a terminal period of solidification defined by the following and is stopped when a temperature of an axial core falls within a temperature range from a temperature below a solidification point to the solidification point minus 190°C, and a temperature deviation δ which is a maximum value of surface temperature difference between the polar opposites and the remaining portions at the time of completion of recuperation after the forced cooling is stopped is set to 10°C or above; and a rolling reduction step where rolling reduction is applied to the cast product in the opposite directions of the polar opposites by reduction rolls in the course from the completion of solidification to the completion of the recuperation of the cast product so that rolling reduction r which is a reduction ratio of a distance between middle points of the polar opposites is set to a value exceeding 0% and 5% or less. Note Polar opposites on the outer periphery indicate both an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain having a center angle θ exceeding 0 degree and 120 degrees or less about an axial core in a plane including a transverse cross-section of the cast product, and an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain obtained by rotating the angle domain by 180 degrees about the axis core. The terminal period of solidification is a period where a solidification rate at the center becomes 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less. a local cooling step where inhomogeneous forced cooling is applied to a cast product during the continuous casting in such a manner that the inhomogeneous forced cooling cools polar opposites on an outer periphery of the cast product defined by the following more strongly than remaining portions of the cast product other than the polar opposites, the inhomogeneous forced cooling is started at a point of time within a terminal period of solidification defined by the following and is stopped when a temperature of an axial core falls within a temperature range from a temperature below a solidification point to the solidification point minus 190°C, and a temperature deviation δ which is a maximum value of surface temperature difference between the polar opposites and the remaining portions at the time of completion of recuperation after the forced cooling is stopped is set to 10°C or above; and a rolling reduction step where rolling reduction is applied to the cast product in the opposite directions of the polar opposites by reduction rolls in the course from the completion of solidification to the completion of the recuperation of the cast product so that rolling reduction r which is a reduction ratio of a distance between middle points of the polar opposites is set to a value exceeding 0% and 5% or less. Note Polar opposites on the outer periphery indicate both an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain having a center angle θ exceeding 0 degree and 120 degrees or less about an axial core in a plane including a transverse cross-section of the cast product, and an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain obtained by rotating the angle domain by 180 degrees about the axis core. The terminal period of solidification is a period where a solidification rate at the center becomes 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less. Polar opposites on the outer periphery indicate both an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain having a center angle θ exceeding 0 degree and 120 degrees or less about an axial core in a plane including a transverse cross-section of the cast product, and an outer periphery which intersects with an angle domain obtained by rotating the angle domain by 180 degrees about the axis core. The terminal period of solidification is a period where a solidification rate at the center becomes 0.5 or more and 1.0 or less.