Method for managing and controlling the operation of a hybrid propulsion system for vehicles comprising at least one electric powertrain and a thermal powertrain, configured to act in the propulsion system directly or indirectly on a common reference point, wherein the method comprises the steps of: - storing, in a control unit of the propulsion system, digital data organized in a first table (Trq_SYSH_map) configured to provide an electric powertrain optimum torque value (EM-Trq-Opt) adapted to maximize the total efficiency (EffSysH) of the propulsion system, as a function of operative parameters of the propulsion system; - storing, in the control unit of the propulsion system, further digital data organized in a second table (EFF_SYST_map) configured to supply a thermal powertrain efficiency value (EffSysT) as a function of said operative parameters of the propulsion system; wherein said operative parameters of the propulsion system comprise torque (Td) and number of revolutions per time unit (RPMd), referring to said common reference point, and gear (Gear), wherein said torque (Td) is the total required torque referred to the common reference point, either calculated or detectable at the common reference point; characterized in that the method, during the operation of the hybrid propulsion system, at every required operative condition, expressed through said operative parameters of the propulsion system, comprises the following further steps, carried out by the control unit of the propulsion system: - determining, as a function of the required operative condition, the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) based on said second table (EFF_SYST_map); - detecting or receiving information about a current state of charge value of a battery comprised in the hybrid propulsion system; - determining, as a function of the detected State of Charge, an operative control threshold, represented by a thermal propulsion threshold efficiency value (Eff_T_THR), based on a predetermined relationship (f) in which the operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR) increases as the state of charge increases; - comparing the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) with the operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR); - if the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) determined is greater than said operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR), switching off the electric powertrain and commanding the activation of the thermal powertrain; - if the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) determined is less than said operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR), commanding the activation of the electric powertrain, in such a way that the electric powertrain works with the stored value of electric powertrain optimum torque (EM-Trq-Opt) corresponding to the required operative condition. - storing, in a control unit of the propulsion system, digital data organized in a first table (Trq_SYSH_map) configured to provide an electric powertrain optimum torque value (EM-Trq-Opt) adapted to maximize the total efficiency (EffSysH) of the propulsion system, as a function of operative parameters of the propulsion system; - storing, in the control unit of the propulsion system, further digital data organized in a second table (EFF_SYST_map) configured to supply a thermal powertrain efficiency value (EffSysT) as a function of said operative parameters of the propulsion system; wherein said operative parameters of the propulsion system comprise torque (Td) and number of revolutions per time unit (RPMd), referring to said common reference point, and gear (Gear), wherein said torque (Td) is the total required torque referred to the common reference point, either calculated or detectable at the common reference point; characterized in that the method, during the operation of the hybrid propulsion system, at every required operative condition, expressed through said operative parameters of the propulsion system, comprises the following further steps, carried out by the control unit of the propulsion system: - determining, as a function of the required operative condition, the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) based on said second table (EFF_SYST_map); - detecting or receiving information about a current state of charge value of a battery comprised in the hybrid propulsion system; - determining, as a function of the detected State of Charge, an operative control threshold, represented by a thermal propulsion threshold efficiency value (Eff_T_THR), based on a predetermined relationship (f) in which the operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR) increases as the state of charge increases; - comparing the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) with the operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR); - if the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) determined is greater than said operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR), switching off the electric powertrain and commanding the activation of the thermal powertrain; - if the efficiency of the thermal powertrain (EffSysT) determined is less than said operative control threshold (Eff_T_THR), commanding the activation of the electric powertrain, in such a way that the electric powertrain works with the stored value of electric powertrain optimum torque (EM-Trq-Opt) corresponding to the required operative condition.