A medium conveyance apparatus comprising: a conveyance path to convey a medium; a plurality of conveyance means (238, 239, 237, 236, 235, 231, 230, 233, 270) which convey the medium along the conveyance path; a first lower layer control means which controls a conveyance means, that conveys the medium in a first conveyance section of the conveyance path, among the plurality of conveyance means; a second lower layer control means which controls a conveyance means, that conveys the medium in a second conveyance section located downstream of the first conveyance section in a direction in which the medium is conveyed, among the plurality of conveyance means; an upper layer control means which controls the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means; and a passage detection means (243, 247, 256) which is provided in the conveyance path, and detects passage of the medium, characterized in that the upper layer control means is further configured to: determine, in accordance with the detection result obtained by the passage detection means, whether the medium is at a position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with conveyance control of the medium; instruct the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means to operate in synchronization with each other when the upper layer control means determines that the medium is at the position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with the conveyance control of the medium; and instruct the second lower layer control means to operate asynchronously to the first lower layer control means when the upper layer control means determines that the medium is not at the position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with the conveyance control of the medium. a conveyance path to convey a medium; a plurality of conveyance means (238, 239, 237, 236, 235, 231, 230, 233, 270) which convey the medium along the conveyance path; a first lower layer control means which controls a conveyance means, that conveys the medium in a first conveyance section of the conveyance path, among the plurality of conveyance means; a second lower layer control means which controls a conveyance means, that conveys the medium in a second conveyance section located downstream of the first conveyance section in a direction in which the medium is conveyed, among the plurality of conveyance means; an upper layer control means which controls the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means; and a passage detection means (243, 247, 256) which is provided in the conveyance path, and detects passage of the medium, characterized in that the upper layer control means is further configured to: determine, in accordance with the detection result obtained by the passage detection means, whether the medium is at a position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with conveyance control of the medium; instruct the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means to operate in synchronization with each other when the upper layer control means determines that the medium is at the position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with the conveyance control of the medium; and instruct the second lower layer control means to operate asynchronously to the first lower layer control means when the upper layer control means determines that the medium is not at the position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with the conveyance control of the medium. determine, in accordance with the detection result obtained by the passage detection means, whether the medium is at a position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with conveyance control of the medium; instruct the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means to operate in synchronization with each other when the upper layer control means determines that the medium is at the position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with the conveyance control of the medium; and instruct the second lower layer control means to operate asynchronously to the first lower layer control means when the upper layer control means determines that the medium is not at the position where both the first lower layer control means and the second lower layer control means engage with the conveyance control of the medium.