A vector joint pulse encoding method for a voice signal, comprising: calculating an encoding index Indt of each vector, wherein a subscript t denotes a t th vector, t ∈ [0, T-1], and T is the number of vectors and is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the encoding index is an index used for indicating the pulse distribution on the track, wherein each vector represents a pulse distribution on a track; splitting at least one Indt at least once into at least two sections, wherein the splitting at least once comprises splitting the Indt into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t, the SLF t is a positive integer, the Ind t0 denotes a serial number of an interval to which the Indt belongs, the Ind t1 denotes a serial number of the Indt in the interval to which the Indt belongs, the length of the interval is not greater than the SLF t, and Ind t ≤ Ind t 0 × SLF t + Ind t 1; wherein splitting the Ind t into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t is specifically: Ind t0 =Int(Ind t /SLF t), wherein Int() denotes rounding down to an integer, and Ind t1 =Ind t %SLF t, wherein % denotes taking a remainder; combining a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF; wherein the combining a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF is specifically: for a vector t providing a split index to participate in combination, selecting a split index capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Indt to participate in combination, wherein being capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Indt refers to that, compared with other split indexes, an occupancy rate of a value range of a selected split index for an encoding space is the closest to an occupancy rate of a value range of the Indt for the encoding space; and performing encoding according to the combined index and other uncombined split indexes; wherein the encoding according to the combined index and other uncombined split indexes comprises further splitting the combined index, recombining the split combined index with other uncombined split indexes and encoding the resultant of the recombination. calculating an encoding index Indt of each vector, wherein a subscript t denotes a t th vector, t ∈ [0, T-1], and T is the number of vectors and is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the encoding index is an index used for indicating the pulse distribution on the track, wherein each vector represents a pulse distribution on a track; splitting at least one Indt at least once into at least two sections, wherein the splitting at least once comprises splitting the Indt into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t, the SLF t is a positive integer, the Ind t0 denotes a serial number of an interval to which the Indt belongs, the Ind t1 denotes a serial number of the Indt in the interval to which the Indt belongs, the length of the interval is not greater than the SLF t, and Ind t ≤ Ind t 0 × SLF t + Ind t 1; wherein splitting the Ind t into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t is specifically: Ind t0 =Int(Ind t /SLF t), wherein Int() denotes rounding down to an integer, and Ind t1 =Ind t %SLF t, wherein % denotes taking a remainder; Ind t0 =Int(Ind t /SLF t), wherein Int() denotes rounding down to an integer, and Ind t1 =Ind t %SLF t, wherein % denotes taking a remainder; combining a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF; wherein the combining a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF is specifically: for a vector t providing a split index to participate in combination, selecting a split index capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Indt to participate in combination, wherein being capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Indt refers to that, compared with other split indexes, an occupancy rate of a value range of a selected split index for an encoding space is the closest to an occupancy rate of a value range of the Indt for the encoding space; and performing encoding according to the combined index and other uncombined split indexes; for a vector t providing a split index to participate in combination, selecting a split index capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Indt to participate in combination, wherein being capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Indt refers to that, compared with other split indexes, an occupancy rate of a value range of a selected split index for an encoding space is the closest to an occupancy rate of a value range of the Indt for the encoding space; and performing encoding according to the combined index and other uncombined split indexes; wherein the encoding according to the combined index and other uncombined split indexes comprises further splitting the combined index, recombining the split combined index with other uncombined split indexes and encoding the resultant of the recombination.