A method of analyzing an object using a detection system comprising a spectrometric detector, the method comprising the following steps: - irradiating the object with incident photon radiation, - acquiring an energy spectrum, referred to as measured scattering spectrum, scattered by the object at a scattering angle (θ) comprised between 1° and 15° using the spectrometric detector placed for scattering, characterized in that it further comprises the following steps: - acquiring a spectrum of energy transmitted by the object along the axis of incident radiation, referred to as measured transmission spectrum, using a spectrometric detector placed for transmission, - reconstructing a function ( f), referred to as signature, representative of the object, based both on the measured scattering spectrum (g) and the measured transmission spectrum (h), this step comprising an operation of constructing an overall response matrix of the detection system which establishes a relationship between an energy detected by the spectrometric detector placed for scattering and a momentum transfer, the overall response matrix being constructed from a calibrated angular response matrix ( R θ) of the detection system, from an incident spectrum attenuated by the object ( S inc x Att) estimated using the measured transmission spectrum (h), from a response matrix ( R Ed) of the spectrometric detector placed for scattering and from response matrix ( R Et) of the spectrometric detector placed for transmission, according to the following equations: h = R Et ⋅ S inc × Att g = R Ed × S inc × Att ⋅ R θ ⋅ f = A ⋅ f or directly according to the approximation: A = R Ed × R Et ⋅ S inc × Att ⋅ R θ it being understood that each term Re (j,k) of the angular response matrix (Re) of the detection system corresponds to the probability that a momentum transfer k gives rise to the detection of a photon of energy j, that each term R Ed (j,i) of the response matrix ( R Ed) of the spectrometric detector placed for scattering represents the probability of detecting an energy value equal to j knowing that the radiation which is incident on the detector has an energy equal to i, and that each term R Et (j,i) of the response matrix ( R Et) of the spectrometric detector placed for transmission represents the probability of detecting an energy value equal to j knowing that the radiation which is incident on the detector has an energy equal to i, - comparing the signature so reconstructed with signatures of calibration materials stored in a database for the purposes of identifying a material constituting the object. - irradiating the object with incident photon radiation, - acquiring an energy spectrum, referred to as measured scattering spectrum, scattered by the object at a scattering angle (θ) comprised between 1° and 15° using the spectrometric detector placed for scattering, - acquiring a spectrum of energy transmitted by the object along the axis of incident radiation, referred to as measured transmission spectrum, using a spectrometric detector placed for transmission, - reconstructing a function ( f), referred to as signature, representative of the object, based both on the measured scattering spectrum (g) and the measured transmission spectrum (h), this step comprising an operation of constructing an overall response matrix of the detection system which establishes a relationship between an energy detected by the spectrometric detector placed for scattering and a momentum transfer, the overall response matrix being constructed from a calibrated angular response matrix ( R θ) of the detection system, from an incident spectrum attenuated by the object ( S inc x Att) estimated using the measured transmission spectrum (h), from a response matrix ( R Ed) of the spectrometric detector placed for scattering and from response matrix ( R Et) of the spectrometric detector placed for transmission, according to the following equations: h = R Et ⋅ S inc × Att g = R Ed × S inc × Att ⋅ R θ ⋅ f = A ⋅ f or directly according to the approximation: A = R Ed × R Et ⋅ S inc × Att ⋅ R θ it being understood that each term Re (j,k) of the angular response matrix (Re) of the detection system corresponds to the probability that a momentum transfer k gives rise to the detection of a photon of energy j, that each term R Ed (j,i) of the response matrix ( R Ed) of the spectrometric detector placed for scattering represents the probability of detecting an energy value equal to j knowing that the radiation which is incident on the detector has an energy equal to i, and that each term R Et (j,i) of the response matrix ( R Et) of the spectrometric detector placed for transmission represents the probability of detecting an energy value equal to j knowing that the radiation which is incident on the detector has an energy equal to i, - comparing the signature so reconstructed with signatures of calibration materials stored in a database for the purposes of identifying a material constituting the object.