A multi-directional handpiece comprising (i) a motor drive extending along and configured for rotation about a body axis, the motor drive having: a motor gearing at a proximal end of the motor drive; and a cam drive at the proximal end of the motor drive wherein the cam drive includes two opposing flat surfaces (178a, 178b) that define a width W therebetween the cam drive extending along an axis offset from the body axis; and a cam follower extending along a head axis the cam follower having: a groove having opposing spaced apart walls for receiving the cam drive;; (ii) a file gearing in engagement with the motor gearing during at least part of an oscillation cycle for transferring the rotational movement of the motor drive about the body axis to the cam follower about the head axis; and (iii) a housing for a workpiece; and wherein through rotation of the motor drive, the cam drive revolves along a displaced path from the body axis thereby moving the cam follower generally along the head axis so that the workpiece moves in an oscillating motion while being rotated, wherein the file gearing (ii) include a face width having a length FW that corresponds to the oscillation distance Y, wherein the oscillation distance Y is the vertical distance between a maximum elevation of the cam follower to a minimum elevation of the cam follower, so that the file gearing remains in engagement with the motor gearing throughout an entire oscillation cycle, and wherein the face width of the file gearing is configured so that the workpiece is axially oscillated from 1 to 10 times for every revolution. (i) a motor drive extending along and configured for rotation about a body axis, the motor drive having: a motor gearing at a proximal end of the motor drive; and a cam drive at the proximal end of the motor drive wherein the cam drive includes two opposing flat surfaces (178a, 178b) that define a width W therebetween the cam drive extending along an axis offset from the body axis; and a cam follower extending along a head axis the cam follower having: a groove having opposing spaced apart walls for receiving the cam drive;; a motor gearing at a proximal end of the motor drive; and a cam drive at the proximal end of the motor drive wherein the cam drive includes two opposing flat surfaces (178a, 178b) that define a width W therebetween the cam drive extending along an axis offset from the body axis; and a cam follower extending along a head axis the cam follower having: a groove having opposing spaced apart walls for receiving the cam drive;; (ii) a file gearing in engagement with the motor gearing during at least part of an oscillation cycle for transferring the rotational movement of the motor drive about the body axis to the cam follower about the head axis; and (iii) a housing for a workpiece; and wherein through rotation of the motor drive, the cam drive revolves along a displaced path from the body axis thereby moving the cam follower generally along the head axis so that the workpiece moves in an oscillating motion while being rotated, wherein the file gearing (ii) include a face width having a length FW that corresponds to the oscillation distance Y, wherein the oscillation distance Y is the vertical distance between a maximum elevation of the cam follower to a minimum elevation of the cam follower, so that the file gearing remains in engagement with the motor gearing throughout an entire oscillation cycle, and wherein the face width of the file gearing is configured so that the workpiece is axially oscillated from 1 to 10 times for every revolution. wherein through rotation of the motor drive, the cam drive revolves along a displaced path from the body axis thereby moving the cam follower generally along the head axis so that the workpiece moves in an oscillating motion while being rotated, wherein the file gearing (ii) include a face width having a length FW that corresponds to the oscillation distance Y, wherein the oscillation distance Y is the vertical distance between a maximum elevation of the cam follower to a minimum elevation of the cam follower, so that the file gearing remains in engagement with the motor gearing throughout an entire oscillation cycle, and wherein the face width of the file gearing is configured so that the workpiece is axially oscillated from 1 to 10 times for every revolution.