A shoelace tightening and releasing device, comprising: a thread reel configured to allow a thread to wind thereon, a knob device in transmission connection with the thread reel, and a position-limiting device and an arresting disk arranged between the thread reel and the knob device, wherein a first master linkage component is disposed on a side of the knob device that faces the thread reel; and a first slave linkage component meshed with the first master linkage component is disposed on a side of the thread reel that faces the knob device; the arresting disk is provided with a master arresting component; and the knob device is provided with a slave arresting component that is meshed with the master arresting component; the position-limiting device is provided with a master position-limiting component; and the knob device is provided with a slave position-limiting component that is engaged with the master position-limiting component; after the knob device is pressed, both the thread reel and the arresting disk are locked relative to the knob device, the arresting disk restricts a clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the knob device, and the knob device drives the thread reel to rotate so as to tighten the shoelace; when the knob device is pulled up, both the thread reel and the arresting disk are unlocked from the knob device, and the thread reel releases the shoelace, and at the same time, the position-limiting device restricts a detachment of the knob device; and the slave arresting component is a ratchet disposed protrudingly on a side of the knob device that faces the arresting disk, wherein the ratchet is provided on the inner side of the circumference of the knob device; the arresting disk is provided with an arresting hole allowing the first master linkage component to pass therethrough; characterized in that: the master arresting component is a pawl, wherein the pawl is provided on the outer side of the circumference of the arresting disk; and after the arresting disk is locked relative to the knob device, the pawl is meshed with the ratchet. a thread reel configured to allow a thread to wind thereon, a knob device in transmission connection with the thread reel, and a position-limiting device and an arresting disk arranged between the thread reel and the knob device, wherein a first master linkage component is disposed on a side of the knob device that faces the thread reel; and a first slave linkage component meshed with the first master linkage component is disposed on a side of the thread reel that faces the knob device; the arresting disk is provided with a master arresting component; and the knob device is provided with a slave arresting component that is meshed with the master arresting component; the position-limiting device is provided with a master position-limiting component; and the knob device is provided with a slave position-limiting component that is engaged with the master position-limiting component; after the knob device is pressed, both the thread reel and the arresting disk are locked relative to the knob device, the arresting disk restricts a clockwise or counterclockwise rotation of the knob device, and the knob device drives the thread reel to rotate so as to tighten the shoelace; when the knob device is pulled up, both the thread reel and the arresting disk are unlocked from the knob device, and the thread reel releases the shoelace, and at the same time, the position-limiting device restricts a detachment of the knob device; and the slave arresting component is a ratchet disposed protrudingly on a side of the knob device that faces the arresting disk, wherein the ratchet is provided on the inner side of the circumference of the knob device; the arresting disk is provided with an arresting hole allowing the first master linkage component to pass therethrough; characterized in that: the master arresting component is a pawl, wherein the pawl is provided on the outer side of the circumference of the arresting disk; and after the arresting disk is locked relative to the knob device, the pawl is meshed with the ratchet. the master arresting component is a pawl, wherein the pawl is provided on the outer side of the circumference of the arresting disk; and after the arresting disk is locked relative to the knob device, the pawl is meshed with the ratchet.