A method of inspecting a load comprising the following steps: - obtaining at least one digitized image of the load generated using a system for detection by transmitting x-rays through the load, the digitized image comprising a set of pixels, a value representative of the transmission of the x-rays being associated with each pixel, each pixel being associated with a portion of the load; - determining areas of interest of the digitized image from values of the pixels, the areas of interest being subsets of the digitized image; - assigning a label to each pixel of each area of interest, the label assigned to the pixel being representative of the chemical nature and of the arrangement of the materials making up the portion of the load corresponding to the pixel; and - displaying an image showing the labels assigned to the pixels; characterized in that: - the assignment of the label to each pixel of each area of interest comprises at least one overall statistical test (132, 134, 136) done from values of a group of pixels of the area of interest to which the pixel belongs and at least one local test (138, 139, 126) done from the value of the pixel, - to perform the overall statistical test (132, 134, 136), a property (M, S) chosen from the mean, the standard deviation, the higher-order moments, and/or combinations thereof, calculated on said values of the group of pixels of the area of interest, is compared to at least one predetermined threshold (S4, S5, S6, S9), - to assign the label to each pixel of each area of interest, a size of the area of interest is calculated, defined as the number of pixels of the area of interest. - obtaining at least one digitized image of the load generated using a system for detection by transmitting x-rays through the load, the digitized image comprising a set of pixels, a value representative of the transmission of the x-rays being associated with each pixel, each pixel being associated with a portion of the load; - determining areas of interest of the digitized image from values of the pixels, the areas of interest being subsets of the digitized image; - assigning a label to each pixel of each area of interest, the label assigned to the pixel being representative of the chemical nature and of the arrangement of the materials making up the portion of the load corresponding to the pixel; and - displaying an image showing the labels assigned to the pixels; - the assignment of the label to each pixel of each area of interest comprises at least one overall statistical test (132, 134, 136) done from values of a group of pixels of the area of interest to which the pixel belongs and at least one local test (138, 139, 126) done from the value of the pixel, - to perform the overall statistical test (132, 134, 136), a property (M, S) chosen from the mean, the standard deviation, the higher-order moments, and/or combinations thereof, calculated on said values of the group of pixels of the area of interest, is compared to at least one predetermined threshold (S4, S5, S6, S9), - to assign the label to each pixel of each area of interest, a size of the area of interest is calculated, defined as the number of pixels of the area of interest.