A data operation method based on a two-level database structure comprising a first database and a second database, comprising: obtaining an identifier of a tenant and a data operation request, wherein the data operation request is used to request to perform a data operation on data of the tenant, and the data operation request comprises a first table name corresponding to the data; determining, according to the identifier of the tenant and the first table name, a second table name of a data table that is corresponding to the data and that is in the first database, wherein the first database is used to store respective data tables of multiple tenants, the data table of each tenant is corresponding to an identifier of each tenant, and the tenant is one of the multiple tenants; replacing the first table name in a first structured query language, SQL, corresponding to the data operation request with the second table name; and requesting the first database to execute the first SQL obtained after the replacement, so as to complete the data operation on the data; wherein before the obtaining an identifier of a tenant and a data operation request, the method further comprises: obtaining metadata of a baseline table; generating the second table name according to the identifier of the tenant and a table name of the baseline table; generating a second SQL according to the second table name and the metadata of the baseline table, wherein the second SQL is used to create the data table; and requesting the first database to execute the second SQL; wherein the method further comprises: backing up data of the first database in the second database, wherein the second database is used to store a service data table shared by the multiple tenants, and the service data table includes data of the respective data tables of the multiple tenants in the first database, wherein the tenant data is isolated by using identifiers of the multiple tenants. obtaining an identifier of a tenant and a data operation request, wherein the data operation request is used to request to perform a data operation on data of the tenant, and the data operation request comprises a first table name corresponding to the data; determining, according to the identifier of the tenant and the first table name, a second table name of a data table that is corresponding to the data and that is in the first database, wherein the first database is used to store respective data tables of multiple tenants, the data table of each tenant is corresponding to an identifier of each tenant, and the tenant is one of the multiple tenants; replacing the first table name in a first structured query language, SQL, corresponding to the data operation request with the second table name; and requesting the first database to execute the first SQL obtained after the replacement, so as to complete the data operation on the data; wherein before the obtaining an identifier of a tenant and a data operation request, the method further comprises: obtaining metadata of a baseline table; generating the second table name according to the identifier of the tenant and a table name of the baseline table; generating a second SQL according to the second table name and the metadata of the baseline table, wherein the second SQL is used to create the data table; and requesting the first database to execute the second SQL; obtaining metadata of a baseline table; generating the second table name according to the identifier of the tenant and a table name of the baseline table; generating a second SQL according to the second table name and the metadata of the baseline table, wherein the second SQL is used to create the data table; and requesting the first database to execute the second SQL; wherein the method further comprises: backing up data of the first database in the second database, wherein the second database is used to store a service data table shared by the multiple tenants, and the service data table includes data of the respective data tables of the multiple tenants in the first database, wherein the tenant data is isolated by using identifiers of the multiple tenants.