A stimulating apparatus (110; 200) comprising: a feedback detector configured to detect a feedback signal from a target to be stimulated; a controller configured to analyze a waveform of the detected feedback signal and determine a parameter based on the analyzed waveform of the detected feedback signal, wherein the controller is further configured to determine a neural response indicated by the detected feedback signal based on the analyzed waveform of the detected feedback signal, and determine the parameter based on the determined neural response, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the neural response indicated by the detected feedback signal by obtaining the neural response indicated by the detected feedback signal from a data set storing feedback signals and neural responses mapped to the feedback signals based on the analyzed waveform of the detected feedback signal, and wherein the feedback signals stored in the data set are obtained by exposing the target to environments that induce the neural responses stored in the data set; and a signal generator configured to generate a stimulus signal corresponding to the detected feedback signal based on the determined parameter, wherein the stimulus signal is configured to mimic a neural signal occurring in the target, wherein the signal generator comprises an analog circuit configured to output an analog signal corresponding to a waveform of the stimulus signal based on the determined parameter, wherein the analog circuit comprises capacitors and transistors, and the analog circuit is further configured to output the analog signal in response to an input signal corresponding to the determined parameter being applied to any one or any combination of any two or more of the capacitors and the transistors, and wherein the capacitors comprise a first capacitor and a second capacitor, the first capacitor is configured to generate a signal in a first frequency band in the analog signal based on the input signal, and the second capacitor is configured to generate pulses having a frequency in a second frequency band on peaks of the signal in the first frequency based on the input signal. a feedback detector configured to detect a feedback signal from a target to be stimulated; a controller configured to analyze a waveform of the detected feedback signal and determine a parameter based on the analyzed waveform of the detected feedback signal, wherein the controller is further configured to determine a neural response indicated by the detected feedback signal based on the analyzed waveform of the detected feedback signal, and determine the parameter based on the determined neural response, wherein the controller is further configured to determine the neural response indicated by the detected feedback signal by obtaining the neural response indicated by the detected feedback signal from a data set storing feedback signals and neural responses mapped to the feedback signals based on the analyzed waveform of the detected feedback signal, and wherein the feedback signals stored in the data set are obtained by exposing the target to environments that induce the neural responses stored in the data set; and a signal generator configured to generate a stimulus signal corresponding to the detected feedback signal based on the determined parameter, wherein the stimulus signal is configured to mimic a neural signal occurring in the target, wherein the signal generator comprises an analog circuit configured to output an analog signal corresponding to a waveform of the stimulus signal based on the determined parameter, wherein the analog circuit comprises capacitors and transistors, and the analog circuit is further configured to output the analog signal in response to an input signal corresponding to the determined parameter being applied to any one or any combination of any two or more of the capacitors and the transistors, and wherein the capacitors comprise a first capacitor and a second capacitor, the first capacitor is configured to generate a signal in a first frequency band in the analog signal based on the input signal, and the second capacitor is configured to generate pulses having a frequency in a second frequency band on peaks of the signal in the first frequency based on the input signal.