A method for a random access after a random access backoff, the method comprising: sending, by a user equipment, a random access request to a base station; receiving, by the user equipment, a random access response, wherein the random access response indicates different backoff indicator values for different categories of the user equipment so that the user equipment reinitiates a random access after a previous random access has failed based on the backoff indicator value corresponding to its category; and initiating, by the user equipment, a random access based on the backoff indicator value corresponding to its category; characterized in that, the method further comprises: receiving, by the user equipment, a backoff threshold indicated by the base station, if the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response is below the backoff threshold, then calculating, by the user equipment, an instance of time for reinitiating a random access, in a uniformly distributed algorithm, and if the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response is above the backoff threshold, then calculating, by the user equipment, an instance of time for reinitiating a random access, in a non-uniformly-distributed algorithm, wherein the random access response indicating the backoff indicator value comprises indicating the backoff threshold; or receiving, by the user equipment, an access factor indicated by the base station, and revising the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response according to the access factor, wherein if there is a shorter delay required of the user equipment, then there will be a higher access probability of the user equipment indicated by the access factor, wherein the random access response indicating the backoff indicator value comprises indicating the access factor. sending, by a user equipment, a random access request to a base station; receiving, by the user equipment, a random access response, wherein the random access response indicates different backoff indicator values for different categories of the user equipment so that the user equipment reinitiates a random access after a previous random access has failed based on the backoff indicator value corresponding to its category; and initiating, by the user equipment, a random access based on the backoff indicator value corresponding to its category; characterized in that, the method further comprises: receiving, by the user equipment, a backoff threshold indicated by the base station, if the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response is below the backoff threshold, then calculating, by the user equipment, an instance of time for reinitiating a random access, in a uniformly distributed algorithm, and if the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response is above the backoff threshold, then calculating, by the user equipment, an instance of time for reinitiating a random access, in a non-uniformly-distributed algorithm, wherein the random access response indicating the backoff indicator value comprises indicating the backoff threshold; or receiving, by the user equipment, an access factor indicated by the base station, and revising the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response according to the access factor, wherein if there is a shorter delay required of the user equipment, then there will be a higher access probability of the user equipment indicated by the access factor, wherein the random access response indicating the backoff indicator value comprises indicating the access factor. receiving, by the user equipment, a backoff threshold indicated by the base station, if the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response is below the backoff threshold, then calculating, by the user equipment, an instance of time for reinitiating a random access, in a uniformly distributed algorithm, and if the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response is above the backoff threshold, then calculating, by the user equipment, an instance of time for reinitiating a random access, in a non-uniformly-distributed algorithm, wherein the random access response indicating the backoff indicator value comprises indicating the backoff threshold; or receiving, by the user equipment, an access factor indicated by the base station, and revising the backoff indicator value of the user equipment indicated by the random access response according to the access factor, wherein if there is a shorter delay required of the user equipment, then there will be a higher access probability of the user equipment indicated by the access factor, wherein the random access response indicating the backoff indicator value comprises indicating the access factor.