A video picture processing method, comprising: sampling an initial picture, to obtain a target picture; dividing the target picture, to obtain a plurality of sub-pictures (sub0-sub13), wherein the plurality of sub-pictures comprise a first-category sub-picture (sub0; sub1; sub2; sub11; sub12; sub13) and a second-category sub-picture (sub3; sub4; sub5; sub6; sub7; sub8; sub9; sub10), the first-category sub-picture is obtained by sampling a picture in a first region of the initial picture, the second-category sub-picture is obtained by sampling a picture in a second region of the initial picture, a sampling rate of the picture in the first region of the initial picture is lower than a sampling rate of the picture in the second region of the initial picture, and resolution of the first-category sub-picture is higher than resolution of the second-category sub-picture; extending picture borders of the first-category sub-picture, to obtain an extended first-category sub-picture; downsampling the extended first-category sub-picture, to obtain a downsampled first-category sub-picture, wherein resolution of the downsampled first-category sub-picture is the same as the resolution of the second-category sub-picture; encoding the second-category sub-picture and the downsampled first-category sub-picture, to obtain bitstreams; and writing location information and extension information of the plurality of sub-pictures into the bitstreams, wherein location information is used to indicate a location of a sub-picture in the target picture, extension information of the first-category sub-picture is used to indicate that the picture borders of the first-category sub-picture have been extended and indicate extension widths of the picture borders of the first-category sub-picture, and extension information of the second-category sub-picture is used to indicate that picture borders of the second-category sub-picture have not been extended. sampling an initial picture, to obtain a target picture; dividing the target picture, to obtain a plurality of sub-pictures (sub0-sub13), wherein the plurality of sub-pictures comprise a first-category sub-picture (sub0; sub1; sub2; sub11; sub12; sub13) and a second-category sub-picture (sub3; sub4; sub5; sub6; sub7; sub8; sub9; sub10), the first-category sub-picture is obtained by sampling a picture in a first region of the initial picture, the second-category sub-picture is obtained by sampling a picture in a second region of the initial picture, a sampling rate of the picture in the first region of the initial picture is lower than a sampling rate of the picture in the second region of the initial picture, and resolution of the first-category sub-picture is higher than resolution of the second-category sub-picture; extending picture borders of the first-category sub-picture, to obtain an extended first-category sub-picture; downsampling the extended first-category sub-picture, to obtain a downsampled first-category sub-picture, wherein resolution of the downsampled first-category sub-picture is the same as the resolution of the second-category sub-picture; encoding the second-category sub-picture and the downsampled first-category sub-picture, to obtain bitstreams; and writing location information and extension information of the plurality of sub-pictures into the bitstreams, wherein location information is used to indicate a location of a sub-picture in the target picture, extension information of the first-category sub-picture is used to indicate that the picture borders of the first-category sub-picture have been extended and indicate extension widths of the picture borders of the first-category sub-picture, and extension information of the second-category sub-picture is used to indicate that picture borders of the second-category sub-picture have not been extended.