A video transmission method, used in a video coding device (201, 204) in a live broadcasting network, wherein the live broadcasting network comprises the video coding device (201, 204), a video decoding device, and a plurality of front-end servers, and the method comprises: obtaining a target video data segment, wherein the target video data segment is a segment of data in a video data stream of a to-be-transmitted live video, the target video data segment comprises k data blocks, and k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; obtaining t reference data sets, wherein each reference data set comprises k pieces of reference data that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the k data blocks, and t is a positive integer greater than k; encoding the target video data segment by using each reference data set, to obtain t encoded data blocks that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the t reference data sets, wherein any k reference data sets in the t reference data sets and k encoded data blocks that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the any k reference data sets can construct an equation set matrix, and data of a solution matrix of the equation set matrix is data of the target video data segment; and sending (304, 305) t first reference data groups to the video decoding device by using n front-end servers, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; wherein each first reference data group comprises one encoded data block and a corresponding reference data set; wherein the encoding the target video data segment by using each reference data set, to obtain t encoded data blocks that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the t reference data sets comprises: for each reference data set, multiplying each piece of reference data comprised in the reference data set by a corresponding data block to obtain k products; and adding the k products to obtain an encoded data block corresponding to the reference data set. obtaining a target video data segment, wherein the target video data segment is a segment of data in a video data stream of a to-be-transmitted live video, the target video data segment comprises k data blocks, and k is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; obtaining t reference data sets, wherein each reference data set comprises k pieces of reference data that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the k data blocks, and t is a positive integer greater than k; encoding the target video data segment by using each reference data set, to obtain t encoded data blocks that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the t reference data sets, wherein any k reference data sets in the t reference data sets and k encoded data blocks that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the any k reference data sets can construct an equation set matrix, and data of a solution matrix of the equation set matrix is data of the target video data segment; and sending (304, 305) t first reference data groups to the video decoding device by using n front-end servers, wherein n is a positive integer greater than or equal to 1; wherein each first reference data group comprises one encoded data block and a corresponding reference data set; wherein the encoding the target video data segment by using each reference data set, to obtain t encoded data blocks that are in a one-to-one correspondence with the t reference data sets comprises: for each reference data set, multiplying each piece of reference data comprised in the reference data set by a corresponding data block to obtain k products; and adding the k products to obtain an encoded data block corresponding to the reference data set. for each reference data set, multiplying each piece of reference data comprised in the reference data set by a corresponding data block to obtain k products; and adding the k products to obtain an encoded data block corresponding to the reference data set.