A spacecraft comprising: a plurality of deployable module elements, at least one of the deployable module elements including a robotic manipulator, the spacecraft being reconfigurable from a launch configuration to an on-orbit configuration, wherein: in the launch configuration, the deployable module elements are configured to be disposed in a launch vehicle in a first arrangement; in the on-orbit configuration, the deployable module elements are disposed in a second arrangement; and the spacecraft is configured to be self-assembled by the robotic manipulator reconfiguring the spacecraft from the launch configuration, through a transition configuration, to the on-orbit configuration; in the launch configuration, adjacent ones of the deployable module elements are releasably coupled with a first releasable coupling; in the on-orbit configuration, the adjacent ones of the deployable module elements are releasably coupled with a second releasable coupling, different from the first releasable coupling; and in the transition configuration, both the first releasable coupling and the second releasable coupling are released; and the plurality of deployable module elements include at least one bus services module, at least one propulsion module, and at least two replaceable payload modules. a plurality of deployable module elements, at least one of the deployable module elements including a robotic manipulator, the spacecraft being reconfigurable from a launch configuration to an on-orbit configuration, wherein: in the launch configuration, the deployable module elements are configured to be disposed in a launch vehicle in a first arrangement; in the on-orbit configuration, the deployable module elements are disposed in a second arrangement; and the spacecraft is configured to be self-assembled by the robotic manipulator reconfiguring the spacecraft from the launch configuration, through a transition configuration, to the on-orbit configuration; in the launch configuration, the deployable module elements are configured to be disposed in a launch vehicle in a first arrangement; in the on-orbit configuration, the deployable module elements are disposed in a second arrangement; and the spacecraft is configured to be self-assembled by the robotic manipulator reconfiguring the spacecraft from the launch configuration, through a transition configuration, to the on-orbit configuration; in the launch configuration, adjacent ones of the deployable module elements are releasably coupled with a first releasable coupling; in the on-orbit configuration, the adjacent ones of the deployable module elements are releasably coupled with a second releasable coupling, different from the first releasable coupling; and in the transition configuration, both the first releasable coupling and the second releasable coupling are released; and the plurality of deployable module elements include at least one bus services module, at least one propulsion module, and at least two replaceable payload modules. in the transition configuration, both the first releasable coupling and the second releasable coupling are released; and the plurality of deployable module elements include at least one bus services module, at least one propulsion module, and at least two replaceable payload modules.