A user equipment, comprising: an interface; and a processing circuit coupled to the interface and configured to: operate in a standalone mode of operation with a first type of core network associated with a first type of protocol stack, wherein the standalone mode of operation uses a single radio access technology; determine that the user equipment is to be handed-over from the standalone mode of operation to a non-standalone mode of operation; and operate in the non-standalone mode of operation with a second type of core network associated with a second type of protocol stack as a result of the determination; the processing circuit further configured to: determine that a source base station for the standalone mode of operation is a secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation; and elect to not conduct a random access to the secondary base station as a result of the determination that the source base station for the standalone mode of operation is the secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation. an interface; and a processing circuit coupled to the interface and configured to: operate in a standalone mode of operation with a first type of core network associated with a first type of protocol stack, wherein the standalone mode of operation uses a single radio access technology; determine that the user equipment is to be handed-over from the standalone mode of operation to a non-standalone mode of operation; and operate in the non-standalone mode of operation with a second type of core network associated with a second type of protocol stack as a result of the determination; the processing circuit further configured to: determine that a source base station for the standalone mode of operation is a secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation; and elect to not conduct a random access to the secondary base station as a result of the determination that the source base station for the standalone mode of operation is the secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation. operate in a standalone mode of operation with a first type of core network associated with a first type of protocol stack, wherein the standalone mode of operation uses a single radio access technology; determine that the user equipment is to be handed-over from the standalone mode of operation to a non-standalone mode of operation; and operate in the non-standalone mode of operation with a second type of core network associated with a second type of protocol stack as a result of the determination; the processing circuit further configured to: determine that a source base station for the standalone mode of operation is a secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation; and elect to not conduct a random access to the secondary base station as a result of the determination that the source base station for the standalone mode of operation is the secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation. determine that a source base station for the standalone mode of operation is a secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation; and elect to not conduct a random access to the secondary base station as a result of the determination that the source base station for the standalone mode of operation is the secondary base station for the non-standalone mode of operation.