A method for detecting a target nucleic acid in a sample, the method comprising the steps of: (a) positioning a first sample set in a first reaction area of a nucleic acid reaction detection device and a second sample set in a second reaction area of the nucleic acid reaction detection device and performing a nucleic acid reaction; wherein the nucleic acid reaction detection device comprises a sample reaction module comprising the first reaction area and the second reaction area thermally independent from each other, an optical module for detecting nucleic acid reaction of samples in the first reaction area and the second reaction area, and a controller; wherein temperatures of the first reaction area and the second reaction area are controlled according to different protocols; wherein the sample reaction module is configured so that each of the first reaction area and the second reaction area is capable of receiving a plurality of samples; and wherein the optical module comprises a plurality of light sources (210, 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d), and one of the plurality of light sources simultaneously radiates excitation light to the plurality of samples in one reaction area; (b) measuring optical signals from the first sample set and the second sample set; wherein the optical signals from the first sample set and the second sample set are measured synchronously; wherein the wavelength bands of the optical signals synchronously measured from the first sample set and the second sample set are different from each other; and (c) detecting a target nucleic acid in a sample included in the first sample set and the second sample set by analyzing the measured optical signals. (a) positioning a first sample set in a first reaction area of a nucleic acid reaction detection device and a second sample set in a second reaction area of the nucleic acid reaction detection device and performing a nucleic acid reaction; wherein the nucleic acid reaction detection device comprises a sample reaction module comprising the first reaction area and the second reaction area thermally independent from each other, an optical module for detecting nucleic acid reaction of samples in the first reaction area and the second reaction area, and a controller; wherein temperatures of the first reaction area and the second reaction area are controlled according to different protocols; wherein the sample reaction module is configured so that each of the first reaction area and the second reaction area is capable of receiving a plurality of samples; and wherein the optical module comprises a plurality of light sources (210, 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d), and one of the plurality of light sources simultaneously radiates excitation light to the plurality of samples in one reaction area; the nucleic acid reaction detection device comprises a sample reaction module comprising the first reaction area and the second reaction area thermally independent from each other, an optical module for detecting nucleic acid reaction of samples in the first reaction area and the second reaction area, and a controller; wherein temperatures of the first reaction area and the second reaction area are controlled according to different protocols; wherein the sample reaction module is configured so that each of the first reaction area and the second reaction area is capable of receiving a plurality of samples; and wherein the optical module comprises a plurality of light sources (210, 210a, 210b, 210c, 210d), and one of the plurality of light sources simultaneously radiates excitation light to the plurality of samples in one reaction area; (b) measuring optical signals from the first sample set and the second sample set; wherein the optical signals from the first sample set and the second sample set are measured synchronously; wherein the wavelength bands of the optical signals synchronously measured from the first sample set and the second sample set are different from each other; and (c) detecting a target nucleic acid in a sample included in the first sample set and the second sample set by analyzing the measured optical signals.