A lens-free microscopic imaging system (11, 21, 31), the lens-free microscopic imaging system (11, 21, 31) configured for imaging microbeads (15, 25, 35), each of the microbeads (15, 25, 35) has opaque substances or fluorescent substances marked therein, the lens-free microscopic imaging system (11, 21, 31) comprising: an illumination system (11a, 21a, 31a); and an imaging system (11b, 21b, 31b); wherein the illumination system (11a, 21a, 31a) comprises an illumination light source (111, 211, 311) and an excitation light source (112, 212, or 312), the imaging system (11b, 21b, 31b) comprises an image sensor (113, 213, 313), the illumination light source (111, 211, 311) is configured to emit illumination light to irradiate the microbeads (15, 25, 35), causing the irradiated microbeads (15, 25, 35) to be imaged on the image sensor (113, 213, 313), the excitation light source (112, 212, or 312) is configured to emit excitation light to excite the microbeads (15, 25, 35) to generate specific signals, the image sensor (113, 213, 313) is configured to collect images of the microbeads (15, 25, 35) and of the specific signals, characterized in that the system is configured to quantify an amount of specific biochemical substances captured by various types of microbeads (15, 25, 35), with each of the microbeads (15, 25, 35) having pattern codes with different depths, shapes, and/or intervals engraved around the microbead (15, 25, 35), and all or a portion of the pattern codes are combined to form an identity number of the microbead (15, 25, 35), and each type of microbeads (15, 25, 35) has a same identity number, each type of microbeads (15, 25, 35) captures a biochemical substance, different types of microbeads (15, 25, 35) capture different biochemical substances, the system is further configured to recognize the identity number of the microbead (15, 25, 35) by the pattern codes in the images, and to quantify an amount of a specific biochemical substance captured by each type of microbeads (15, 25, 35) by an intensity of the specific signals in the images. an illumination system (11a, 21a, 31a); and an imaging system (11b, 21b, 31b); wherein the illumination system (11a, 21a, 31a) comprises an illumination light source (111, 211, 311) and an excitation light source (112, 212, or 312), the imaging system (11b, 21b, 31b) comprises an image sensor (113, 213, 313), the illumination light source (111, 211, 311) is configured to emit illumination light to irradiate the microbeads (15, 25, 35), causing the irradiated microbeads (15, 25, 35) to be imaged on the image sensor (113, 213, 313), the excitation light source (112, 212, or 312) is configured to emit excitation light to excite the microbeads (15, 25, 35) to generate specific signals, the image sensor (113, 213, 313) is configured to collect images of the microbeads (15, 25, 35) and of the specific signals, characterized in that the system is configured to quantify an amount of specific biochemical substances captured by various types of microbeads (15, 25, 35), with each of the microbeads (15, 25, 35) having pattern codes with different depths, shapes, and/or intervals engraved around the microbead (15, 25, 35), and all or a portion of the pattern codes are combined to form an identity number of the microbead (15, 25, 35), and each type of microbeads (15, 25, 35) has a same identity number, each type of microbeads (15, 25, 35) captures a biochemical substance, different types of microbeads (15, 25, 35) capture different biochemical substances, the system is further configured to recognize the identity number of the microbead (15, 25, 35) by the pattern codes in the images, and to quantify an amount of a specific biochemical substance captured by each type of microbeads (15, 25, 35) by an intensity of the specific signals in the images.