A paper sheet recognition apparatus configured to recognize a paper sheet by using an optical spectrum acquired by emitting light on the paper sheet transported on a transport path, the paper sheet recognition apparatus comprising: a spectroscopy unit including: a light source unit including a plurality of light sources (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) arranged corresponding to a plurality of partial areas on the paper sheet; a reading unit having a light receiving surface (501 to 516) that is arranged so as to receive reflected light from the plurality of partial areas; and a sensor unit configured to acquire an optical spectrum from the light received by the light receiving surface (501 to 516), a recognition sensor unit arranged upstream in a transport direction of the paper sheet from the spectroscopy unit and configured to acquire data for recognizing the paper sheet; a memory configured to store data for recognition to recognize the paper sheet based on data acquired by the recognition sensor unit, information on the optical spectrum per type of the paper sheet, and an optical spectrum measurement condition including a plurality of pieces of information associated with each other for acquiring the optical spectrum from a predetermined partial area on the paper sheet, the plurality of pieces of information including information for identifying at least one light source (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) corresponding to the predetermined partial area among the light sources (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) of the light source unit, information for identifying a timing for turning on the identified light source (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b), and information for identifying a timing for turning off the light source (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) that is turned on at the timing for turning on; a light-source control unit configured to control the light source unit based on the optical spectrum measurement condition corresponding to a type and a transport state of the paper sheet that has been identified by using the data for recognition in the memory and the data acquired by the recognition sensor unit; and a recognition processing unit configured to identify the type and the transport state of the paper sheet by using the data for recognition in the memory and the data acquired by the recognition sensor unit, and recognize the paper sheet based on the information on the optical spectrum in the memory and the information on the optical spectrum acquired by the sensor unit. a spectroscopy unit including: a light source unit including a plurality of light sources (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) arranged corresponding to a plurality of partial areas on the paper sheet; a reading unit having a light receiving surface (501 to 516) that is arranged so as to receive reflected light from the plurality of partial areas; and a sensor unit configured to acquire an optical spectrum from the light received by the light receiving surface (501 to 516), a light source unit including a plurality of light sources (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) arranged corresponding to a plurality of partial areas on the paper sheet; a reading unit having a light receiving surface (501 to 516) that is arranged so as to receive reflected light from the plurality of partial areas; and a sensor unit configured to acquire an optical spectrum from the light received by the light receiving surface (501 to 516), a recognition sensor unit arranged upstream in a transport direction of the paper sheet from the spectroscopy unit and configured to acquire data for recognizing the paper sheet; a memory configured to store data for recognition to recognize the paper sheet based on data acquired by the recognition sensor unit, information on the optical spectrum per type of the paper sheet, and an optical spectrum measurement condition including a plurality of pieces of information associated with each other for acquiring the optical spectrum from a predetermined partial area on the paper sheet, the plurality of pieces of information including information for identifying at least one light source (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) corresponding to the predetermined partial area among the light sources (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) of the light source unit, information for identifying a timing for turning on the identified light source (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b), and information for identifying a timing for turning off the light source (601a to 608a, 601b to 608b) that is turned on at the timing for turning on; a light-source control unit configured to control the light source unit based on the optical spectrum measurement condition corresponding to a type and a transport state of the paper sheet that has been identified by using the data for recognition in the memory and the data acquired by the recognition sensor unit; and a recognition processing unit configured to identify the type and the transport state of the paper sheet by using the data for recognition in the memory and the data acquired by the recognition sensor unit, and recognize the paper sheet based on the information on the optical spectrum in the memory and the information on the optical spectrum acquired by the sensor unit.