A method for reporting a situation of a random access, applied to a terminal device, the method comprising: sending a situation of a random access that has been performed by the terminal device to a network device, wherein the situation of the random access comprises information related to a result of a listen before talk, LBT, detection of the terminal device in a random access attempt, wherein at least one of the following is sent by the terminal device to the network device: indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a preamble of a random access message A is sent; indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a payload of the random access message A is sent; and indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a random access message 3 is sent, wherein at least one of the following is further sent by the terminal device to the network device: information related to a time-frequency location where the preamble of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the payload of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the random access message 3 is located. sending a situation of a random access that has been performed by the terminal device to a network device, wherein the situation of the random access comprises information related to a result of a listen before talk, LBT, detection of the terminal device in a random access attempt, wherein at least one of the following is sent by the terminal device to the network device: indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a preamble of a random access message A is sent; indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a payload of the random access message A is sent; and indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a random access message 3 is sent, wherein at least one of the following is further sent by the terminal device to the network device: information related to a time-frequency location where the preamble of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the payload of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the random access message 3 is located. indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a preamble of a random access message A is sent; indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a payload of the random access message A is sent; and indication information indicating whether an LBT failure is detected before a random access message 3 is sent, wherein at least one of the following is further sent by the terminal device to the network device: information related to a time-frequency location where the preamble of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the payload of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the random access message 3 is located. information related to a time-frequency location where the preamble of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the payload of the random access message A is located; information related to a time-frequency location where the random access message 3 is located.