Sensor system for molecular spectroscopic determination of the surface properties of a substrate located in front of a motor vehicle, in particular a self-propelled motor vehicle, the sensor system having a transmitter unit (101, 201, 301) comprising at least one broadband emitter (102, 202, 302) which is set up to emit broadband radiation in the VIS/IR wavelength spectrum or in the IR wavelength spectrum onto a substrate located in front of a motor vehicle, in particular a self-propelled motor vehicle; at least one adaptive radiation emitter, which is set up to generate adaptive radiation with at least one wavelength/wavelength range specific for at least one surface conductivity analyte of the substrate and to emit it onto the substrate located in front of the motor vehicle, the wavelength or the wavelength range of the adaptive radiation emitted by the at least one adaptive radiation emitter lies in the wavelength spectrum of the broadband radiation emitted by the broadband radiator (102, 202, 302); at least one radiation receiver which is set up to detect the radiation reflected by the background with spatial and temporal resolution; and a control and evaluation device which is set up to control the transmitter unit (101, 201, 301), the at least one adaptive radiation emitter and the at least one radiation receiver and can be connected to a motor vehicle control system of the motor vehicle, and which is furthermore set up to evaluate the radiation detected by the at least one radiation receiver in order to obtain spectral data, classifying the spectral data obtained according to the at least one expected surface conductivity analyte, and comparing the spectral data obtained with predeterminable surface conductivity analyte target spectral data to obtain at least one spatially and temporally resolved surface condition specification of the subsurface located in front of the motor vehicle, characterized in that the transmitter unit (101, 201, 301) comprises two or more broadband emitters (102, 202, 302) of identical design, which each have a rod-like shape, are connected to one another at one end face in each case and can each be controlled independently of one another. a transmitter unit (101, 201, 301) comprising at least one broadband emitter (102, 202, 302) which is set up to emit broadband radiation in the VIS/IR wavelength spectrum or in the IR wavelength spectrum onto a substrate located in front of a motor vehicle, in particular a self-propelled motor vehicle; at least one adaptive radiation emitter, which is set up to generate adaptive radiation with at least one wavelength/wavelength range specific for at least one surface conductivity analyte of the substrate and to emit it onto the substrate located in front of the motor vehicle, the wavelength or the wavelength range of the adaptive radiation emitted by the at least one adaptive radiation emitter lies in the wavelength spectrum of the broadband radiation emitted by the broadband radiator (102, 202, 302); at least one radiation receiver which is set up to detect the radiation reflected by the background with spatial and temporal resolution; and a control and evaluation device which is set up to control the transmitter unit (101, 201, 301), the at least one adaptive radiation emitter and the at least one radiation receiver and can be connected to a motor vehicle control system of the motor vehicle, and which is furthermore set up to evaluate the radiation detected by the at least one radiation receiver in order to obtain spectral data, classifying the spectral data obtained according to the at least one expected surface conductivity analyte, and comparing the spectral data obtained with predeterminable surface conductivity analyte target spectral data to obtain at least one spatially and temporally resolved surface condition specification of the subsurface located in front of the motor vehicle, characterized in that the transmitter unit (101, 201, 301) comprises two or more broadband emitters (102, 202, 302) of identical design, which each have a rod-like shape, are connected to one another at one end face in each case and can each be controlled independently of one another.