A frame loss compensation method for audio signals, comprising: when a first frame immediately following a correctly received frame is lost, the said lost first frame is referred to as a first lost frame for short hereinafter, judging a frame type of the first lost frame according to the frame type of one or more frames prior to the first lost frame and frame type flag bits set by an encoding end in a code stream and received by a decoding end, and when the frame type of the first lost frame is a non-multi-harmonic frame, calculating Modified Discrete Cosine Transform, MDCT, coefficients of the first lost frame by using MDCT coefficients of one or more frames prior to the first lost frame; obtaining an initially compensated signal of the first lost frame according to the MDCT coefficients of the first lost frame; and performing a first class of waveform adjustment on the initially compensated signal of the first lost frame and using a time-domain signal obtained after adjustment as a time-domain signal of the first lost frame; wherein, judging the frame type of the first lost frame according to the frame type of one or more frames prior to the first lost frame and the frame type flag bits set by an encoding end in a code stream and received by a decoding end comprises: acquiring a frame type flag bit of each of n frames prior to the first lost frame, and if a number of multi-harmonic frames in the prior n frames is larger than a second threshold n 0, wherein n and n 0 are integers and 0≤ n 0 ≤ n, n ≥ 1, considering the first lost frame as a multi-harmonic frame and setting the frame type flag bit as a multi-harmonic type; and if the number is not larger than the second threshold, considering the first lost frame as a non-multi-harmonic frame and setting the frame type flag bit as a non-multi-harmonic type. when a first frame immediately following a correctly received frame is lost, the said lost first frame is referred to as a first lost frame for short hereinafter, judging a frame type of the first lost frame according to the frame type of one or more frames prior to the first lost frame and frame type flag bits set by an encoding end in a code stream and received by a decoding end, and when the frame type of the first lost frame is a non-multi-harmonic frame, calculating Modified Discrete Cosine Transform, MDCT, coefficients of the first lost frame by using MDCT coefficients of one or more frames prior to the first lost frame; obtaining an initially compensated signal of the first lost frame according to the MDCT coefficients of the first lost frame; and performing a first class of waveform adjustment on the initially compensated signal of the first lost frame and using a time-domain signal obtained after adjustment as a time-domain signal of the first lost frame; wherein, judging the frame type of the first lost frame according to the frame type of one or more frames prior to the first lost frame and the frame type flag bits set by an encoding end in a code stream and received by a decoding end comprises: acquiring a frame type flag bit of each of n frames prior to the first lost frame, and if a number of multi-harmonic frames in the prior n frames is larger than a second threshold n 0, wherein n and n 0 are integers and 0≤ n 0 ≤ n, n ≥ 1, considering the first lost frame as a multi-harmonic frame and setting the frame type flag bit as a multi-harmonic type; and if the number is not larger than the second threshold, considering the first lost frame as a non-multi-harmonic frame and setting the frame type flag bit as a non-multi-harmonic type. acquiring a frame type flag bit of each of n frames prior to the first lost frame, and if a number of multi-harmonic frames in the prior n frames is larger than a second threshold n 0, wherein n and n 0 are integers and 0≤ n 0 ≤ n, n ≥ 1, considering the first lost frame as a multi-harmonic frame and setting the frame type flag bit as a multi-harmonic type; and if the number is not larger than the second threshold, considering the first lost frame as a non-multi-harmonic frame and setting the frame type flag bit as a non-multi-harmonic type.