An optical fibre preform for manufacturing a multilayer structure optical fibre, wherein the optical fibre preform comprises a core rod, a quartz thin sleeve sleeving outside the core rod and a first quartz isolation tube sleeving between the core rod and the quartz thin sleeve; a powder for manufacturing an optical fibre cladding can be respectively filled between the core rod and the first quartz isolation tube and between the first quartz isolation tube and the quartz thin sleeve; the optical fibre preform further comprises a tail tube; the tail tube comprises a tail rod, a first tail tube sleeving outside the tail rod, a second tail tube sleeving outside the first tail tube and a sealing plug arranged at the end of the tail rod, the first tail tube and the second tail tube; one end of the tail rod is connected to the core rod, and the other end of the tail rod is connected to the sealing plug; an opening at one end of the first tail tube is connected to the quartz isolation tube in a sealed manner, and an opening at the other end of the first tail tube is connected to the sealing plug in a sealed manner; an opening at one end of the second tail tube is connected to the quartz thin sleeve in a sealed manner, and an opening at the other end of the second tail tube is connected to the sealing plug in a sealed manner; a gap among the first tail tube, the tail rod and the sealing plug communicates with a gap between the core rod and the first quartz isolation tube to form a first section; the sealing plug is provided with an internal extraction port; the internal extraction port communicates with the first section; a gap among the second tail tube, the first tail tube and the sealing plug communicates with a gap between the first quartz isolation tube and the quartz thin sleeve to form a second section; the sealing plug is provided with an external extraction port; the external extraction port communicates with the second section. the optical fibre preform further comprises a tail tube; the tail tube comprises a tail rod, a first tail tube sleeving outside the tail rod, a second tail tube sleeving outside the first tail tube and a sealing plug arranged at the end of the tail rod, the first tail tube and the second tail tube; one end of the tail rod is connected to the core rod, and the other end of the tail rod is connected to the sealing plug; an opening at one end of the first tail tube is connected to the quartz isolation tube in a sealed manner, and an opening at the other end of the first tail tube is connected to the sealing plug in a sealed manner; an opening at one end of the second tail tube is connected to the quartz thin sleeve in a sealed manner, and an opening at the other end of the second tail tube is connected to the sealing plug in a sealed manner; a gap among the first tail tube, the tail rod and the sealing plug communicates with a gap between the core rod and the first quartz isolation tube to form a first section; the sealing plug is provided with an internal extraction port; the internal extraction port communicates with the first section; a gap among the second tail tube, the first tail tube and the sealing plug communicates with a gap between the first quartz isolation tube and the quartz thin sleeve to form a second section; the sealing plug is provided with an external extraction port; the external extraction port communicates with the second section.