Automated system for monitoring the blood sugar level of a patient, comprising: a blood sugar sensor; an insulin injection device; and a monitoring and control unit configured to foresee the future evolution of the blood sugar level of the patient from a physiological model and to monitor the insulin injection device based on this prediction, wherein: the physiological model comprises a system of differential equations that describes the evolution in time of a plurality of state variables (D l, D 2, S 1, S 2, Q 1, Q 2, X 1, X 2, X 3, I); and the monitoring and control unit is configured to implement a step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprising a step of assessment of initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of a value representative of the discrepancy between the estimated blood sugar level as estimated from the physiological model and the blood sugar level as measured by the sensor for a past observation period, wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model further comprises a step of assessment of parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value, and wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprises a plurality of successive iterations of the following steps a) and b): a) assessment of the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value by fixing the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables; et b) assessment of the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of said values by fixing the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations. a blood sugar sensor; an insulin injection device; and a monitoring and control unit configured to foresee the future evolution of the blood sugar level of the patient from a physiological model and to monitor the insulin injection device based on this prediction, wherein: the physiological model comprises a system of differential equations that describes the evolution in time of a plurality of state variables (D l, D 2, S 1, S 2, Q 1, Q 2, X 1, X 2, X 3, I); and the monitoring and control unit is configured to implement a step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprising a step of assessment of initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of a value representative of the discrepancy between the estimated blood sugar level as estimated from the physiological model and the blood sugar level as measured by the sensor for a past observation period, wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model further comprises a step of assessment of parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value, and wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprises a plurality of successive iterations of the following steps a) and b): a) assessment of the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value by fixing the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables; et b) assessment of the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of said values by fixing the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations. the physiological model comprises a system of differential equations that describes the evolution in time of a plurality of state variables (D l, D 2, S 1, S 2, Q 1, Q 2, X 1, X 2, X 3, I); and the monitoring and control unit is configured to implement a step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprising a step of assessment of initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of a value representative of the discrepancy between the estimated blood sugar level as estimated from the physiological model and the blood sugar level as measured by the sensor for a past observation period, wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model further comprises a step of assessment of parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value, and wherein the step of automatic calibration of the physiological model comprises a plurality of successive iterations of the following steps a) and b): a) assessment of the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value by fixing the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables; et b) assessment of the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of said values by fixing the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations. a) assessment of the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations by minimization of said value by fixing the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables; et b) assessment of the initial values ([INIT]) of the state variables by minimization of said values by fixing the parameters ([PARAM]) of the system of differential equations.