A data processing method, comprising: obtaining a first to-be-processed bit sequence, wherein the first to-be-processed bit sequence is a transport block or a code block generated by performing code block segmentation on a transport block; encoding the first to-be-processed bit sequence to obtain a first encoded bit sequence; and outputting a first output bit sequence from bits stored in a circular buffer, wherein the circular buffer is configured to store all or some bits of the first encoded bit sequence, or the circular buffer is configured to store all or some bits of a first reordered bit sequence, and the first reordered bit sequence is obtained by performing bit reordering on the first encoded bit sequence; characterized by further comprising: generating a vector sequence based on the first output bit sequence, wherein the vector sequence comprises Q vectors of the first output bit sequence, each vector of the first output bit sequence comprises at least one bit of the first output bit sequence, and Q is a positive integer; and performing intra-vector-subsequence interleaving on each vector subsequence comprised in the vector sequence to obtain M interleaved subsequences, wherein the vector sequence comprises M vector subsequences, and a quantity of vectors comprised in each vector subsequence is a positive integer multiple of a quantity of vectors comprised in a time domain symbol on a channel used to transmit the transport block within one transmission time interval; and wherein each vector subsequence includes only vector(s) included corresponding to one time domain symbol. obtaining a first to-be-processed bit sequence, wherein the first to-be-processed bit sequence is a transport block or a code block generated by performing code block segmentation on a transport block; encoding the first to-be-processed bit sequence to obtain a first encoded bit sequence; and outputting a first output bit sequence from bits stored in a circular buffer, wherein the circular buffer is configured to store all or some bits of the first encoded bit sequence, or the circular buffer is configured to store all or some bits of a first reordered bit sequence, and the first reordered bit sequence is obtained by performing bit reordering on the first encoded bit sequence; characterized by further comprising: generating a vector sequence based on the first output bit sequence, wherein the vector sequence comprises Q vectors of the first output bit sequence, each vector of the first output bit sequence comprises at least one bit of the first output bit sequence, and Q is a positive integer; and performing intra-vector-subsequence interleaving on each vector subsequence comprised in the vector sequence to obtain M interleaved subsequences, wherein the vector sequence comprises M vector subsequences, and a quantity of vectors comprised in each vector subsequence is a positive integer multiple of a quantity of vectors comprised in a time domain symbol on a channel used to transmit the transport block within one transmission time interval; and wherein each vector subsequence includes only vector(s) included corresponding to one time domain symbol. generating a vector sequence based on the first output bit sequence, wherein the vector sequence comprises Q vectors of the first output bit sequence, each vector of the first output bit sequence comprises at least one bit of the first output bit sequence, and Q is a positive integer; and performing intra-vector-subsequence interleaving on each vector subsequence comprised in the vector sequence to obtain M interleaved subsequences, wherein the vector sequence comprises M vector subsequences, and a quantity of vectors comprised in each vector subsequence is a positive integer multiple of a quantity of vectors comprised in a time domain symbol on a channel used to transmit the transport block within one transmission time interval; and wherein each vector subsequence includes only vector(s) included corresponding to one time domain symbol.