A formation capacity-grading equipment for a cylindrical lithium-ion battery, comprising a rack, a charge and discharge power box for charging and discharging the cylindrical lithium-ion battery, a battery clamping mechanism for clamping the positive and negative electrodes of the cylindrical lithium-ion battery, a battery tray for placing the cylindrical lithium-ion battery, and a controller, wherein the rack is provided with, from top to bottom, several layers of work stations for formation and capacity grading of the battery; the charge and discharge power box and the battery clamping mechanisms are provided at each layer of the work stations; a power transmission end of the charge and discharge power box is electrically connected to a power transmission end of the battery clamping mechanism; and a control end of the charge and discharge power box and a control end of the battery clamping mechanism are in signal connection respectively with a signal transmission port of the controller, to enable the control over the charge and discharge power box and the battery clamping mechanism by the controller, characterized in that the battery clamping movement mechanism is further provided with a constant temperature control device comprising a circulating air plate, a smoke and temperature sensor, and a fire extinguishing and spraying device, where the circulating air plate is arranged on the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and the circulating air plate is provided with several vent holes; several air inlets and outlets for ventilation are distributed on the upper probe board and the lower probe board, such that an external constant-temperature air source is introduced into the battery tray through the air inlets and outlets on the probe boards, to dispel the heat resulting from heat generation of the battery, and allow the battery to persistently work in a constant-temperature environment; a signal output of the smoke and temperature sensor is in signal connection with a signal input of the controller; and the fire extinguishing and spraying device comprises a fire extinguishing and spraying pipe, a control valve and a spraying head, in which the fire extinguishing and spraying pipe is disposed at the work station, a water inlet of the fire extinguishing and spraying pipe communicates with an external fire extinguishing agent source, and a water outlet of the fire extinguishing and spraying pipe is fitted with the spraying head for extinguishing the fire of the electronic tray at the work station; and the control valve is disposed on the spraying pipe, and a control end of the control valve is electrically connected to a corresponding signal output of the controller. the rack is provided with, from top to bottom, several layers of work stations for formation and capacity grading of the battery; the charge and discharge power box and the battery clamping mechanisms are provided at each layer of the work stations; a power transmission end of the charge and discharge power box is electrically connected to a power transmission end of the battery clamping mechanism; and a control end of the charge and discharge power box and a control end of the battery clamping mechanism are in signal connection respectively with a signal transmission port of the controller, to enable the control over the charge and discharge power box and the battery clamping mechanism by the controller, characterized in that the battery clamping movement mechanism is further provided with a constant temperature control device comprising a circulating air plate, a smoke and temperature sensor, and a fire extinguishing and spraying device, where the circulating air plate is arranged on the upper substrate and the lower substrate, and the circulating air plate is provided with several vent holes; several air inlets and outlets for ventilation are distributed on the upper probe board and the lower probe board, such that an external constant-temperature air source is introduced into the battery tray through the air inlets and outlets on the probe boards, to dispel the heat resulting from heat generation of the battery, and allow the battery to persistently work in a constant-temperature environment; a signal output of the smoke and temperature sensor is in signal connection with a signal input of the controller; and the fire extinguishing and spraying device comprises a fire extinguishing and spraying pipe, a control valve and a spraying head, in which the fire extinguishing and spraying pipe is disposed at the work station, a water inlet of the fire extinguishing and spraying pipe communicates with an external fire extinguishing agent source, and a water outlet of the fire extinguishing and spraying pipe is fitted with the spraying head for extinguishing the fire of the electronic tray at the work station; and the control valve is disposed on the spraying pipe, and a control end of the control valve is electrically connected to a corresponding signal output of the controller.