A polymer comprising at least 2 to 200, or 5 to 150, or 10 to 100, or 15 to 50 repeat units, wherein the repeat units are selected from the group of structures (a), (b), (c), and (d) comprising: (a) a repeat unit represented by: (b) a repeat unit represented by: (c) a repeat unit represented by: and (d) a repeat unit represented by: wherein E 1 is a repeat unit derived from a mono-vinyl monomer with one or more carboxylic acid groups separated by 2 to 5, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; E 2 is a repeat unit derived from one or two mono-vinyl monomer repeat units having one or more carboxylic acid groups, wherein the carboxylic acid groups are separated by 2 to 5, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; u is greater than 0; x is 0 to 50, or 0 to 40, or 3 to 30, or 5 to 25; y is 1 to 50, or 2 to 35, or 2 to 20, or 2 to 15, or 3 to 15; z is 1 to 100, or 3 to 75, or 5 to 50, or 7 to 30; Q is either or Hy is a linear or branched hydrocarbylene group containing 1 to 10, or 1 to 5, or 1 to 3, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; each R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group, typically a C 1-100, C 1-30, or C 6-24, or C 7-18 hydrocarbyl group; each R 2 is -CH 3, -CH 2 CH 3, or an aromatic group, or a substituted aromatic group; each R 3 is a hydrocarbyl group, typically a C 1-30, or C 6-24, or C 8-18 hydrocarbyl group; each R 6 is R 3 or an optionally substituted (meth)acrylic group; W is either R 1 - or and the sum of n + m is 5 to 80, or 7 to 77, or 8 to 75, or 10 to 70, typically n is an integer that is larger than m. (a) a repeat unit represented by: (b) a repeat unit represented by: (c) a repeat unit represented by: and (d) a repeat unit represented by: wherein E 1 is a repeat unit derived from a mono-vinyl monomer with one or more carboxylic acid groups separated by 2 to 5, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; E 2 is a repeat unit derived from one or two mono-vinyl monomer repeat units having one or more carboxylic acid groups, wherein the carboxylic acid groups are separated by 2 to 5, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; u is greater than 0; x is 0 to 50, or 0 to 40, or 3 to 30, or 5 to 25; y is 1 to 50, or 2 to 35, or 2 to 20, or 2 to 15, or 3 to 15; z is 1 to 100, or 3 to 75, or 5 to 50, or 7 to 30; Q is either or Hy is a linear or branched hydrocarbylene group containing 1 to 10, or 1 to 5, or 1 to 3, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; each R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group, typically a C 1-100, C 1-30, or C 6-24, or C 7-18 hydrocarbyl group; each R 2 is -CH 3, -CH 2 CH 3, or an aromatic group, or a substituted aromatic group; each R 3 is a hydrocarbyl group, typically a C 1-30, or C 6-24, or C 8-18 hydrocarbyl group; each R 6 is R 3 or an optionally substituted (meth)acrylic group; W is either R 1 - or and the sum of n + m is 5 to 80, or 7 to 77, or 8 to 75, or 10 to 70, typically n is an integer that is larger than m. E 1 is a repeat unit derived from a mono-vinyl monomer with one or more carboxylic acid groups separated by 2 to 5, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; E 2 is a repeat unit derived from one or two mono-vinyl monomer repeat units having one or more carboxylic acid groups, wherein the carboxylic acid groups are separated by 2 to 5, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; u is greater than 0; x is 0 to 50, or 0 to 40, or 3 to 30, or 5 to 25; y is 1 to 50, or 2 to 35, or 2 to 20, or 2 to 15, or 3 to 15; z is 1 to 100, or 3 to 75, or 5 to 50, or 7 to 30; Q is either Hy is a linear or branched hydrocarbylene group containing 1 to 10, or 1 to 5, or 1 to 3, or 2 to 3 carbon atoms; each R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group, typically a C 1-100, C 1-30, or C 6-24, or C 7-18 hydrocarbyl group; each R 2 is -CH 3, -CH 2 CH 3, or an aromatic group, or a substituted aromatic group; each R 3 is a hydrocarbyl group, typically a C 1-30, or C 6-24, or C 8-18 hydrocarbyl group; each R 6 is R 3 or an optionally substituted (meth)acrylic group; W is either R 1 - or