Process for the production of 1,3-butadiene comprising: - feeding a mixture (a) comprising 1,3-butanediol and water to an evaporator, said water being present in an amount of greater than or equal to 5% by weight, preferably ranging from 10% by weight to 85% by weight, more preferably ranging from 15% by weight to 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of said mixture (a), to obtain: (b) a gaseous stream comprising 1,3-butanediol exiting from the top of said evaporator; and, optionally (c) a blowdown stream exiting from the bottom of said evaporator; - feeding said gaseous stream (b) to a first reactor containing at least one dehydration catalyst to obtain (d) a stream comprising alkenols, water and, optionally, impurities and/or unreacted 1,3-butanediol, exiting from said first reactor, said gaseous stream (b) being fed to said first reactor operating at a "Weight Hourly Space Velocity" (WHSV), i.e. at a ratio between the weight of the gaseous stream (b) fed in one hour and the weight of catalyst, said ratio being measured in h -1, ranging from 0.5 h -1 to 30 h -1, preferably ranging from 1 h -1 to 15 h -1, more preferably ranging from 2 h -1 and 15 h -1; - optionally, feeding said stream (d) to a first purification section to obtain: (e) a stream comprising alkenols, water, and, optionally, impurities; (f) a stream comprising water and, optionally, impurities and/or unreacted 1,3-butanediol; and, optionally, (f') a stream comprising impurities; - feeding said stream (d) or said stream (e) to a second reactor containing at least one dehydration catalyst to obtain (g) a stream comprising 1,3-butadiene, water and, optionally, impurities and/or unreacted alkenols, exiting from said second reactor, said stream (d) or said stream (e) being fed to said second reactor operating at a "Weight Hourly Space Velocity" (WHSV), i.e. at a ratio between the weight of said stream (d) or of said stream (e) fed in one hour and the weight of catalyst, said ratio being measured in h -1, ranging from 0.5 h -1 to 20 h -1, preferably ranging from 1 h -1 to 10 h -1; - feeding said stream (g) to a second purification section to obtain: (h) a stream comprising pure 1,3-butadiene; (i) a stream comprising water and, optionally, unreacted alkenols; and, optionally, a stream comprising impurities. - feeding a mixture (a) comprising 1,3-butanediol and water to an evaporator, said water being present in an amount of greater than or equal to 5% by weight, preferably ranging from 10% by weight to 85% by weight, more preferably ranging from 15% by weight to 30% by weight, relative to the total weight of said mixture (a), to obtain: (b) a gaseous stream comprising 1,3-butanediol exiting from the top of said evaporator; and, optionally (c) a blowdown stream exiting from the bottom of said evaporator; (b) a gaseous stream comprising 1,3-butanediol exiting from the top of said evaporator; and, optionally (c) a blowdown stream exiting from the bottom of said evaporator; - feeding said gaseous stream (b) to a first reactor containing at least one dehydration catalyst to obtain (d) a stream comprising alkenols, water and, optionally, impurities and/or unreacted 1,3-butanediol, exiting from said first reactor, said gaseous stream (b) being fed to said first reactor operating at a "Weight Hourly Space Velocity" (WHSV), i.e. at a ratio between the weight of the gaseous stream (b) fed in one hour and the weight of catalyst, said ratio being measured in h -1, ranging from 0.5 h -1 to 30 h -1, preferably ranging from 1 h -1 to 15 h -1, more preferably ranging from 2 h -1 and 15 h -1; - optionally, feeding said stream (d) to a first purification section to obtain: (e) a stream comprising alkenols, water, and, optionally, impurities; (f) a stream comprising water and, optionally, impurities and/or unreacted 1,3-butanediol; and, optionally, (f') a stream comprising impurities; (e) a stream comprising alkenols, water, and, optionally, impurities; (f) a stream comprising water and, optionally, impurities and/or unreacted 1,3-butanediol; and, optionally, (f') a stream comprising impurities; - feeding said stream (d) or said stream (e) to a second reactor containing at least one dehydration catalyst to obtain (g) a stream comprising 1,3-butadiene, water and, optionally, impurities and/or unreacted alkenols, exiting from said second reactor, said stream (d) or said stream (e) being fed to said second reactor operating at a "Weight Hourly Space Velocity" (WHSV), i.e. at a ratio between the weight of said stream (d) or of said stream (e) fed in one hour and the weight of catalyst, said ratio being measured in h -1, ranging from 0.5 h -1 to 20 h -1, preferably ranging from 1 h -1 to 10 h -1; - feeding said stream (g) to a second purification section to obtain: (h) a stream comprising pure 1,3-butadiene; (i) a stream comprising water and, optionally, unreacted alkenols; and, optionally, a stream comprising impurities. (h) a stream comprising pure 1,3-butadiene; (i) a stream comprising water and, optionally, unreacted alkenols; and, optionally, a stream comprising impurities.