An oil-based thickening agent comprising (a) a silicone-modified polysaccharide compound of the general formula: wherein PL is a glucose residue of pullulan; R 1 are identical or different and are unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 2 are identical or different and are unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a siloxy group of the formula -OSi(R 3) 3; R 3 are identical or different and are unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; "n" is an integer from 1 to 10, "a" is 0 or 1, and "b" is 0, 1 or 2; and the average bonding number or degree of substitution of silicone compound per constituent sugar unit on the polysaccharide compound is from 0.5 to 2.5, and wherein the silicone-modified polysaccharide compound has an average molecular weight of from 50,000 to 10,000,000, and (b) one or more silicone emulsifying agents selected from - dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer, - PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, - PEG-10/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, - PEG-15/lauryl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone crosspolymer, - polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, - lauryl polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, - bis-butyl dimethicone polyglyceryl-3, - dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, - lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, and - polyglyceryl-3/lauryl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone crosspolymer. (a) a silicone-modified polysaccharide compound of the general formula: wherein PL is a glucose residue of pullulan; R 1 are identical or different and are unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R 2 are identical or different and are unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms or a siloxy group of the formula -OSi(R 3) 3; R 3 are identical or different and are unsubstituted or substituted monovalent hydrocarbon group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms; "n" is an integer from 1 to 10, "a" is 0 or 1, and "b" is 0, 1 or 2; and the average bonding number or degree of substitution of silicone compound per constituent sugar unit on the polysaccharide compound is from 0.5 to 2.5, and wherein the silicone-modified polysaccharide compound has an average molecular weight of from 50,000 to 10,000,000, and (b) one or more silicone emulsifying agents selected from - dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer, - PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, - PEG-10/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, - PEG-15/lauryl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone crosspolymer, - polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, - lauryl polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, - bis-butyl dimethicone polyglyceryl-3, - dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, - lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, and - polyglyceryl-3/lauryl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone crosspolymer. - dimethicone/PEG-10/15 crosspolymer, - PEG-15/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, - PEG-10/lauryl dimethicone crosspolymer, - PEG-15/lauryl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone crosspolymer, - polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, - lauryl polyglyceryl-3 polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone, - bis-butyl dimethicone polyglyceryl-3, - dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, - lauryl dimethicone/polyglycerin-3 crosspolymer, and - polyglyceryl-3/lauryl polydimethylsiloxyethyl dimethicone crosspolymer.