A method of detecting a heat-resistant fungus belonging to the genus Talaromyces, which comprises: a step of identifying a fungus belonging to the genus Talaromyces using two sets of the following oligonucleotides and or and, and and in combination as a primer pair by a polymerase chain reaction method, wherein: is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; and is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. a step of identifying a fungus belonging to the genus Talaromyces using two sets of the following oligonucleotides and or and, and and in combination as a primer pair by a polymerase chain reaction method, wherein: is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; and is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6. is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 10; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 11; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4; is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 5; and is an oligonucleotide including a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6; or a nucleotide sequence which has 95% or more homology to the nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 6.