A board work device comprising: a housing means that includes multiple housing sections that are capable of housing multiple types of board work means that perform board work on a board; a holding means configured to exchangeably hold the board work means; a moving means configured to move the holding means; a first lane and a second lane in which the boards are conveyed; a corresponding relationship acquisition means configured to acquire a corresponding relationship between the types of board work means and each of the multiple board works for each of the boards; the board work device being characterized by a priority order acquisition means configured to acquire a priority order between at least two of the board works from the multiple board works within the same board, wherein the priority order is specified such that tall components are mounted after short components, based on the heights of components, or relates to dispensing adhesive onto a component, or mounting a component onto another component; and a control means configured to control the holding means and the moving means such that, when performing the board work based on the acquired corresponding relationship, in a case in which there is no board work capable of being performed on the board being conveyed in one of the first lane and the second lane using the board work means currently being held by the holding means while maintaining the priority order, and there is board work capable of being performed on the board being conveyed in the other one of the first lane and the second lane using the board work means currently being held by the holding means while maintaining the priority order, the board work that is capable of being performed in the other lane (22a, 22b) is performed without exchanging the board work means currently being held. a housing means that includes multiple housing sections that are capable of housing multiple types of board work means that perform board work on a board; a holding means configured to exchangeably hold the board work means; a moving means configured to move the holding means; a first lane and a second lane in which the boards are conveyed; a corresponding relationship acquisition means configured to acquire a corresponding relationship between the types of board work means and each of the multiple board works for each of the boards; the board work device being characterized by a priority order acquisition means configured to acquire a priority order between at least two of the board works from the multiple board works within the same board, wherein the priority order is specified such that tall components are mounted after short components, based on the heights of components, or relates to dispensing adhesive onto a component, or mounting a component onto another component; and a control means configured to control the holding means and the moving means such that, when performing the board work based on the acquired corresponding relationship, in a case in which there is no board work capable of being performed on the board being conveyed in one of the first lane and the second lane using the board work means currently being held by the holding means while maintaining the priority order, and there is board work capable of being performed on the board being conveyed in the other one of the first lane and the second lane using the board work means currently being held by the holding means while maintaining the priority order, the board work that is capable of being performed in the other lane (22a, 22b) is performed without exchanging the board work means currently being held.