Procedure to obtain 2,3-Butanediol from a hydrolyzed substrate of OW (organic waste) that comprises the fermentation of this substrate with a strain of Raoultella planticola, wherein: OW is MSW (municipal solid waste), BMSW (biodegradable fraction of municipal solid wastes, stabilized or unstabilized), sewage sludge from WWPP (waste water purification plants), agricultural and livestock waste (such as slurry), waste from the agro-alimentary industry, and mixtures thereof, characterized in that OW is generated in urban areas, the strain of Raoultella planticola is CECT843, CECT8158 or CECT8159, the hydrolysate of OW is used as a substrate at a concentration of between 50% and 100%, and the OW substrate is formulated with the culture media M1, M2 or M3, wherein: M1 consisting of 4.4 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 1.3 g/L KH 2 PO 4, 2 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.2 g/L MgSO 4, 1.0 g/L yeast extract, 1 mL/L trace elements solution [70 mg/L ZnCl 2, 0.1 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 60 mg/L H 3 BO 3, 0.2 g CoCl 2 H 2 O, 20 mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 25 mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 35 mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O, 0.9 mL/L HCl]; M2 consisting of 5.0 g/L yeast extract, 5.0 g/L triptone, 7.0 g/L KH 2 PO 4, 7.0 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 1.0 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.25 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.12 g/L NaMoO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.021 g/L CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 0.029 g/L CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 0.039 g/L Fe(NH 2) 2 SO 4 ·6H 2 O, 2 mg/L nicotininic acid, 0.172 mg/L Na 2 SeO 3, 0.02 mg/L NiCl 2, 10 mL/L trace elements solution [0.5 g/L Na 2 EDTA, 0.5 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 0.1 g/L H 3 BO 3, 1.0 mg/L CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O]; and M3 consisting of 0.75 g/L KCI, 1.38 g/L NaH 2 PO 4 ·2H 2 O, 5.35 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.28 g/L Na 2 SO 4, 0.26 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.42 g/L citric acid, 2 g/L yeast extract, 0.3 mL/L trace elements solution [34.2 g/L ZnCl 2, 2.7 g/L FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O, 10 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 0.85 g/L CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 0.3 g/L H 3 BO 3, 23.8 g/L CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O]. OW is MSW (municipal solid waste), BMSW (biodegradable fraction of municipal solid wastes, stabilized or unstabilized), sewage sludge from WWPP (waste water purification plants), agricultural and livestock waste (such as slurry), waste from the agro-alimentary industry, and mixtures thereof, characterized in that OW is generated in urban areas, the strain of Raoultella planticola is CECT843, CECT8158 or CECT8159, the hydrolysate of OW is used as a substrate at a concentration of between 50% and 100%, and the OW substrate is formulated with the culture media M1, M2 or M3, wherein: M1 consisting of 4.4 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 1.3 g/L KH 2 PO 4, 2 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.2 g/L MgSO 4, 1.0 g/L yeast extract, 1 mL/L trace elements solution [70 mg/L ZnCl 2, 0.1 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 60 mg/L H 3 BO 3, 0.2 g CoCl 2 H 2 O, 20 mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 25 mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 35 mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O, 0.9 mL/L HCl]; M2 consisting of 5.0 g/L yeast extract, 5.0 g/L triptone, 7.0 g/L KH 2 PO 4, 7.0 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 1.0 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.25 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.12 g/L NaMoO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.021 g/L CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 0.029 g/L CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 0.039 g/L Fe(NH 2) 2 SO 4 ·6H 2 O, 2 mg/L nicotininic acid, 0.172 mg/L Na 2 SeO 3, 0.02 mg/L NiCl 2, 10 mL/L trace elements solution [0.5 g/L Na 2 EDTA, 0.5 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 0.1 g/L H 3 BO 3, 1.0 mg/L CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O]; and M3 consisting of 0.75 g/L KCI, 1.38 g/L NaH 2 PO 4 ·2H 2 O, 5.35 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.28 g/L Na 2 SO 4, 0.26 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.42 g/L citric acid, 2 g/L yeast extract, 0.3 mL/L trace elements solution [34.2 g/L ZnCl 2, 2.7 g/L FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O, 10 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 0.85 g/L CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 0.3 g/L H 3 BO 3, 23.8 g/L CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O]. M1 consisting of 4.4 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 1.3 g/L KH 2 PO 4, 2 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.2 g/L MgSO 4, 1.0 g/L yeast extract, 1 mL/L trace elements solution [70 mg/L ZnCl 2, 0.1 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 60 mg/L H 3 BO 3, 0.2 g CoCl 2 H 2 O, 20 mg CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 25 mg NiCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 35 mg Na 2 MoO 4 ·2H 2 O, 0.9 mL/L HCl]; M2 consisting of 5.0 g/L yeast extract, 5.0 g/L triptone, 7.0 g/L KH 2 PO 4, 7.0 g/L K 2 HPO 4, 1.0 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.25 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.12 g/L NaMoO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.021 g/L CaCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 0.029 g/L CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O, 0.039 g/L Fe(NH 2) 2 SO 4 ·6H 2 O, 2 mg/L nicotininic acid, 0.172 mg/L Na 2 SeO 3, 0.02 mg/L NiCl 2, 10 mL/L trace elements solution [0.5 g/L Na 2 EDTA, 0.5 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 0.1 g/L H 3 BO 3, 1.0 mg/L CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O]; and M3 consisting of 0.75 g/L KCI, 1.38 g/L NaH 2 PO 4 ·2H 2 O, 5.35 g/L (NH 4) 2 SO 4, 0.28 g/L Na 2 SO 4, 0.26 g/L MgSO 4 ·7H 2 O, 0.42 g/L citric acid, 2 g/L yeast extract, 0.3 mL/L trace elements solution [34.2 g/L ZnCl 2, 2.7 g/L FeCl 3 ·6H 2 O, 10 g/L MnCl 2 ·4H 2 O, 0.85 g/L CuCl 2 ·2H 2 O, 0.3 g/L H 3 BO 3, 23.8 g/L CoCl 2 ·6H 2 O].