A grinding machine for grinding an external or internal surface of a cylindrical workpiece, comprising: a grinding wheel; a workpiece support device for rotatably supporting and driving the cylindrical workpiece; a feed device for relatively moving the cylindrical workpiece and the grinding wheel to move the cylindrical workpiece and the grinding wheel toward and away from each other; first advance grinding control means for performing a first advance grinding in which the grinding wheel is relatively moved in a first direction to be pressed on the cylindrical workpiece to increase a bending amount (ω) of the cylindrical workpiece; and a sizing device for measuring a ground diameter (Dt) of the cylindrical workpiece; characterized by grinding resistance detection means for detecting a grinding resistance which is generated by grinding the cylindrical workpiece with the grinding wheel; target grinding resistance generation means for generating target grinding resistances (Fe(θ)) in respective rotational phases (θ) based on residual grinding amounts (E(θ)) in the respective rotational phases (θ) of the cylindrical workpiece within a rotational range for the cylindrical workpiece to rotate from a present rotational phase (θt) to a target rotational phase (θe) in a retraction grinding which is to be performed following the first advance grinding in such a way as to relatively move the grinding wheel in a second direction to go away from the cylindrical workpiece as the bending amount (ω) of the cylindrical workpiece is decreased; and retraction grinding control means for executing and controlling the retraction grinding to make the grinding resistance (Ft) detected by the grinding resistance detection means agree with the target grinding resistances (Fe(θ)) in the respective rotational phases (θ) of the cylindrical workpiece. a grinding wheel; a workpiece support device for rotatably supporting and driving the cylindrical workpiece; a feed device for relatively moving the cylindrical workpiece and the grinding wheel to move the cylindrical workpiece and the grinding wheel toward and away from each other; first advance grinding control means for performing a first advance grinding in which the grinding wheel is relatively moved in a first direction to be pressed on the cylindrical workpiece to increase a bending amount (ω) of the cylindrical workpiece; and a sizing device for measuring a ground diameter (Dt) of the cylindrical workpiece; characterized by grinding resistance detection means for detecting a grinding resistance which is generated by grinding the cylindrical workpiece with the grinding wheel; target grinding resistance generation means for generating target grinding resistances (Fe(θ)) in respective rotational phases (θ) based on residual grinding amounts (E(θ)) in the respective rotational phases (θ) of the cylindrical workpiece within a rotational range for the cylindrical workpiece to rotate from a present rotational phase (θt) to a target rotational phase (θe) in a retraction grinding which is to be performed following the first advance grinding in such a way as to relatively move the grinding wheel in a second direction to go away from the cylindrical workpiece as the bending amount (ω) of the cylindrical workpiece is decreased; and retraction grinding control means for executing and controlling the retraction grinding to make the grinding resistance (Ft) detected by the grinding resistance detection means agree with the target grinding resistances (Fe(θ)) in the respective rotational phases (θ) of the cylindrical workpiece.