A facet joint surgical tool (120, 200, 218, 300, 400), comprising: a proximal portion to be disposed outside of a patient during a facet joint surgical procedure; and a distal portion to be disposed inside a patient during a facet joint surgical procedure; a first rotatable member (106a, 122, 130a, 158a, 318, 402) comprising a first distal end portion (108a, 166a, 322) having a first distal tip, the first rotatable member (106a, 122, 130a, 158a, 318, 402) being rotatable about a first axis; a second rotatable member (106b, 122, 130b, 158b, 320, 404) comprising a second distal end portion (108b, 166b, 324) having a second distal tip, the second rotatable member (106b, 122, 130b, 158b, 320, 404) being rotatable about a second axis that is different than the first axis; the first and second rotatable members (106a, 106b, 122, 130a, 130b, 158a, 158b, 318, 320, 402, 404) being rotatable relative to each other about the first and second axes respectively to manipulate the relative positioning of the first and second distal end portions (108a, 108b, 166a, 166b, 322, 324) between a facet joint penetration configuration in which the first and second distal end portions (108a, 108b, 166a, 166b, 322, 324) are positioned to form a piercing tip to pierce through tissue and penetrate into the facet joint and a facet joint retraction configuration in which the first and second distal end portions (108a, 108b, 166a, 166b, 322, 324) are positioned to retract the facet joint following penetration into the facet joint; and each said rotatable member (106a, 106b, 122, 130a, 130b, 158a, 158b, 318, 320, 402, 404) comprises a longitudinally extending insertion portion (164a, 164b) configured for insertion into the body during a surgical operation, characterised in that the insertion portion (164a, 164b) of each said rotatable member (106a, 106b, 122, 130a, 130b, 158a, 158b, 318, 320, 402, 404) has a longitudinally extending lumen to provide access from outside of the body to inside of the body during a surgical procedure, and each said lumen has a longitudinal length of at least 10 millimeters. a proximal portion to be disposed outside of a patient during a facet joint surgical procedure; and a distal portion to be disposed inside a patient during a facet joint surgical procedure; a first rotatable member (106a, 122, 130a, 158a, 318, 402) comprising a first distal end portion (108a, 166a, 322) having a first distal tip, the first rotatable member (106a, 122, 130a, 158a, 318, 402) being rotatable about a first axis; a second rotatable member (106b, 122, 130b, 158b, 320, 404) comprising a second distal end portion (108b, 166b, 324) having a second distal tip, the second rotatable member (106b, 122, 130b, 158b, 320, 404) being rotatable about a second axis that is different than the first axis; the first and second rotatable members (106a, 106b, 122, 130a, 130b, 158a, 158b, 318, 320, 402, 404) being rotatable relative to each other about the first and second axes respectively to manipulate the relative positioning of the first and second distal end portions (108a, 108b, 166a, 166b, 322, 324) between a facet joint penetration configuration in which the first and second distal end portions (108a, 108b, 166a, 166b, 322, 324) are positioned to form a piercing tip to pierce through tissue and penetrate into the facet joint and a facet joint retraction configuration in which the first and second distal end portions (108a, 108b, 166a, 166b, 322, 324) are positioned to retract the facet joint following penetration into the facet joint; and each said rotatable member (106a, 106b, 122, 130a, 130b, 158a, 158b, 318, 320, 402, 404) comprises a longitudinally extending insertion portion (164a, 164b) configured for insertion into the body during a surgical operation, characterised in that the insertion portion (164a, 164b) of each said rotatable member (106a, 106b, 122, 130a, 130b, 158a, 158b, 318, 320, 402, 404) has a longitudinally extending lumen to provide access from outside of the body to inside of the body during a surgical procedure, and each said lumen has a longitudinal length of at least 10 millimeters.