A system for numerical simulation and test verification of icing characteristics of an aerostat, comprising: an aerostat icing characteristic calculation model, wherein the aerostat icing characteristic calculation model is configured to obtain icing data of the aerostat through the numerical simulation; and an aerostat icing characteristic test system, wherein the aerostat icing characteristic test system is configured to obtain icing characteristic data of the aerostat through a physical simulation test; wherein the system is further configured to mutually verify and mutually improve the icing data of the aerostat obtained through the numerical simulation and the icing characteristic data of the aerostat obtained through the physical simulation test, to provide a basis for the numerical simulation and the test verification for in-depth research and accurate analysis of the icing characteristics of the aerostat whereinthe aerostat icing characteristic test system comprises: an aerostat, wherein the aerostat is an icing characteristic test object; a water droplet ejector for simulating a rainfall; an ambient data acquisition module for measuring ambient data; a test state recording module for recording changes in the icing characteristics of the aerostat during the physical simulation test; and characterized in that it further comprises. an aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module for measuring a pressure difference between an inside and an outside of the aerostat; a tensile test module for measuring a buoyancy lift of the aerostat; a data storage and processing module for storing and processing data transmitted from each of the ambient data acquisition module, the aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module and the tensile test module; a low-temperature environmental laboratory for providing an indoor temperature of 0-20°C; wherein, the water droplet ejector is provided above the aerostat; the ambient data acquisition module, the aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module and the tensile test module are connected to the data storage and processing module; and the tensile test module is connected to a tether of the aerostat. an aerostat icing characteristic calculation model, wherein the aerostat icing characteristic calculation model is configured to obtain icing data of the aerostat through the numerical simulation; and an aerostat icing characteristic test system, wherein the aerostat icing characteristic test system is configured to obtain icing characteristic data of the aerostat through a physical simulation test; wherein the system is further configured to mutually verify and mutually improve the icing data of the aerostat obtained through the numerical simulation and the icing characteristic data of the aerostat obtained through the physical simulation test, to provide a basis for the numerical simulation and the test verification for in-depth research and accurate analysis of the icing characteristics of the aerostat whereinthe aerostat icing characteristic test system comprises: an aerostat, wherein the aerostat is an icing characteristic test object; a water droplet ejector for simulating a rainfall; an ambient data acquisition module for measuring ambient data; a test state recording module for recording changes in the icing characteristics of the aerostat during the physical simulation test; and characterized in that it further comprises. an aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module for measuring a pressure difference between an inside and an outside of the aerostat; a tensile test module for measuring a buoyancy lift of the aerostat; a data storage and processing module for storing and processing data transmitted from each of the ambient data acquisition module, the aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module and the tensile test module; a low-temperature environmental laboratory for providing an indoor temperature of 0-20°C; wherein, the water droplet ejector is provided above the aerostat; the ambient data acquisition module, the aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module and the tensile test module are connected to the data storage and processing module; and the tensile test module is connected to a tether of the aerostat. an aerostat, wherein the aerostat is an icing characteristic test object; a water droplet ejector for simulating a rainfall; an ambient data acquisition module for measuring ambient data; a test state recording module for recording changes in the icing characteristics of the aerostat during the physical simulation test; and characterized in that it further comprises. an aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module for measuring a pressure difference between an inside and an outside of the aerostat; a tensile test module for measuring a buoyancy lift of the aerostat; a data storage and processing module for storing and processing data transmitted from each of the ambient data acquisition module, the aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module and the tensile test module; a low-temperature environmental laboratory for providing an indoor temperature of 0-20°C; wherein, the water droplet ejector is provided above the aerostat; the ambient data acquisition module, the aerostat pressure difference data acquisition module and the tensile test module are connected to the data storage and processing module; and the tensile test module is connected to a tether of the aerostat.