An optical reception device comprising: - a single coherent photoelectric converter; - one or more analog-to-digital converters (22-1 to 22-4); and - a wavelength dispersion amount estimation apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f) for estimating the wavelength dispersion of a receive signal that is converted from an optical signal to an electrical signal by the single coherent photoelectric converter and further converted to a digital signal by the one or more analog-to-digital converters (22-1 to 22-4), the wavelength dispersion amount estimation apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f) comprising: a correlation signal generation unit (11, 11a, 11b, 11c) configured to generate, from the receive signal, a first signal including a main signal of the receive signal and at least one second signal with a shift by a baud rate of the receive signal relative to the first signal in a frequency domain, the at least one second signal including an image signal corresponding to the main signal; a correlation calculation unit (12, 12b, 12c) configured to calculate a cross correlation of the first signal and the at least one second signal; and a dispersion amount calculation unit (13, 13c) configured to calculate a wavelength dispersion amount, based on a position of a peak of the cross correlation. - a single coherent photoelectric converter; - one or more analog-to-digital converters (22-1 to 22-4); and - a wavelength dispersion amount estimation apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f) for estimating the wavelength dispersion of a receive signal that is converted from an optical signal to an electrical signal by the single coherent photoelectric converter and further converted to a digital signal by the one or more analog-to-digital converters (22-1 to 22-4), the wavelength dispersion amount estimation apparatus (10, 10a, 10b, 10c, 10e, 10f) comprising: a correlation signal generation unit (11, 11a, 11b, 11c) configured to generate, from the receive signal, a first signal including a main signal of the receive signal and at least one second signal with a shift by a baud rate of the receive signal relative to the first signal in a frequency domain, the at least one second signal including an image signal corresponding to the main signal; a correlation calculation unit (12, 12b, 12c) configured to calculate a cross correlation of the first signal and the at least one second signal; and a dispersion amount calculation unit (13, 13c) configured to calculate a wavelength dispersion amount, based on a position of a peak of the cross correlation. a correlation signal generation unit (11, 11a, 11b, 11c) configured to generate, from the receive signal, a first signal including a main signal of the receive signal and at least one second signal with a shift by a baud rate of the receive signal relative to the first signal in a frequency domain, the at least one second signal including an image signal corresponding to the main signal; a correlation calculation unit (12, 12b, 12c) configured to calculate a cross correlation of the first signal and the at least one second signal; and a dispersion amount calculation unit (13, 13c) configured to calculate a wavelength dispersion amount, based on a position of a peak of the cross correlation.