A computer-implemented method for generating and using information retrieval tokens, the method comprising the steps of: for each sentence or sentence fragment of a target document: constructing (302, 401) a primary logical form characterizing a relationship between selected words in the sentence or sentence fragment, using a parsing process arranged to produce logical forms that relate a deep subject, verb, and deep object; expanding (302, 402) the primary logical form, thereby creating one or more expanded primary logical forms, each expanded primary logical form being constructed by, for each of one or more of the selected words, replacing the selected word in the primary logical form with an identified hypernym or with a word having another semantic relationship to the selected word; and storing in an index (250, 1300) tokens generated from the target document, and a mapping from the tokens to locations in the target document, the tokens representing both the primary logical form and the expanded primary logical forms, the generated tokens being distinguishable by an information retrieval engine; constructing (306, 401) a primary logical form being a logical form, relating a deep subject, verb and deep object, of a query text; expanding (306, 402) the primary logical form of the query text, thereby creating one or more expanded primary logical forms of the query text; and comparing tokens representing the expanded primary logical forms of the query text to tokens stored in the index to identify locations in the target document. for each sentence or sentence fragment of a target document: constructing (302, 401) a primary logical form characterizing a relationship between selected words in the sentence or sentence fragment, using a parsing process arranged to produce logical forms that relate a deep subject, verb, and deep object; expanding (302, 402) the primary logical form, thereby creating one or more expanded primary logical forms, each expanded primary logical form being constructed by, for each of one or more of the selected words, replacing the selected word in the primary logical form with an identified hypernym or with a word having another semantic relationship to the selected word; and storing in an index (250, 1300) tokens generated from the target document, and a mapping from the tokens to locations in the target document, the tokens representing both the primary logical form and the expanded primary logical forms, the generated tokens being distinguishable by an information retrieval engine; constructing (302, 401) a primary logical form characterizing a relationship between selected words in the sentence or sentence fragment, using a parsing process arranged to produce logical forms that relate a deep subject, verb, and deep object; expanding (302, 402) the primary logical form, thereby creating one or more expanded primary logical forms, each expanded primary logical form being constructed by, for each of one or more of the selected words, replacing the selected word in the primary logical form with an identified hypernym or with a word having another semantic relationship to the selected word; and storing in an index (250, 1300) tokens generated from the target document, and a mapping from the tokens to locations in the target document, the tokens representing both the primary logical form and the expanded primary logical forms, the generated tokens being distinguishable by an information retrieval engine; constructing (306, 401) a primary logical form being a logical form, relating a deep subject, verb and deep object, of a query text; expanding (306, 402) the primary logical form of the query text, thereby creating one or more expanded primary logical forms of the query text; and comparing tokens representing the expanded primary logical forms of the query text to tokens stored in the index to identify locations in the target document.