A lithium ion secondary battery comprising: a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer containing a negative electrode active material and a negative electrode binder; a positive electrode having a positive electrode active material layer containing a positive electrode active material and a positive electrode binder; an electrolyte solution; and a separator, wherein: the negative electrode active material includes a carbonaceous active material; the negative electrode binder is a polymer obtained by polymerization of a monomer composition for a negative electrode, the monomer composition for a negative electrode containing 70 to 90 parts by weight of a styrene monomer and 1 to 5 parts by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer composition; in the negative electrode active material layer, a ratio of the negative electrode binder is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material; the positive electrode active material contains one or more species of transition metal elements selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, nickel, and combinations thereof; in the positive electrode active material layer, a ratio of the positive electrode binder is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material; the positive electrode binder is a polymer obtained by polymerization of a monomer composition for a positive electrode, the monomer composition for a positive electrode containing 10 to 35 parts by weight of an acrylonitrile monomer and 1 to 10 parts by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer composition; and the positive electrode binder is a polymer having a swelling degree against the electrolyte solution of 2.0 to 15.0 times. the negative electrode active material includes a carbonaceous active material; the negative electrode binder is a polymer obtained by polymerization of a monomer composition for a negative electrode, the monomer composition for a negative electrode containing 70 to 90 parts by weight of a styrene monomer and 1 to 5 parts by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer composition; in the negative electrode active material layer, a ratio of the negative electrode binder is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the negative electrode active material; the positive electrode active material contains one or more species of transition metal elements selected from the group consisting of manganese, iron, nickel, and combinations thereof; in the positive electrode active material layer, a ratio of the positive electrode binder is 0.1 to 5 parts by weight relative to 100 parts by weight of the positive electrode active material; the positive electrode binder is a polymer obtained by polymerization of a monomer composition for a positive electrode, the monomer composition for a positive electrode containing 10 to 35 parts by weight of an acrylonitrile monomer and 1 to 10 parts by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer relative to 100 parts by weight of the monomer composition; and the positive electrode binder is a polymer having a swelling degree against the electrolyte solution of 2.0 to 15.0 times.