A sample analysis cartridge (300, 300", 300′′′, 300ʺʺ) for detecting at least one of a presence, absence, or quantity of a target analyte, the sample analysis cartridge comprising: at least one reagent ball (375, 375', 375", 375′′′, 1116, 1117, 1118) comprising a plurality of affinity molecules (1130, 1160, 1130', 1160'), a plurality of de-binding agents (1190, 1190'), and a plurality of competitor molecules (1170, 1170') pre-bound to competitor binding molecules (1180, 1180'), each of the plurality of competitor molecules possessing a label (1175, 1170') or bound to a signaling agent (1150, 1150'); a reservoir (317, 317', 317", 317′′′, 1119) holding a reservoir fluid, the reservoir configured to permit mixing of, within the reservoir fluid, the plurality of affinity molecules (1130, 1160, 1130', 1160'), the plurality of de-binding agents (1190, 1190'), a plurality of signaling agents (1150, 1150'), the plurality of competitor molecules (1170, 1170') pre-bound to competitor binding molecules (1180, 1180'), and a sample from a sample collection device (200, 200', 200", 200′′′, 200ʺʺ, 200′′′ʺ, 200′′′′′′, 200′′′ʺʺ, 200′′′ʺʺ, 1100), the sample having a plurality of sample target analytes pre-bound to sample binding molecules, wherein a de-binding agent of the plurality of de-binding agents (1190, 1190') is configured to de-bind a competitor molecule from the pre-bound competitor binding molecule (1180, 1180') or a sample target analyte from the pre-bound sample binding molecule, wherein the label (1175, 1175') of the de-bound competitor molecule (1170, 1170') is configured to bind to a signaling agent (1150, 1150') and the de-bound competitor molecule is configured to bind to an affinity molecule (1130, 1160, 1130', 1160') of the plurality of affinity molecules, and a sensor (338, 338', 338", 338′′′) configured to be exposed to the mixed reservoir fluid, the sensor further configured to generate a signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, or quantity of the sample target analyte within the sample. at least one reagent ball (375, 375', 375", 375′′′, 1116, 1117, 1118) comprising a plurality of affinity molecules (1130, 1160, 1130', 1160'), a plurality of de-binding agents (1190, 1190'), and a plurality of competitor molecules (1170, 1170') pre-bound to competitor binding molecules (1180, 1180'), each of the plurality of competitor molecules possessing a label (1175, 1170') or bound to a signaling agent (1150, 1150'); a reservoir (317, 317', 317", 317′′′, 1119) holding a reservoir fluid, the reservoir configured to permit mixing of, within the reservoir fluid, the plurality of affinity molecules (1130, 1160, 1130', 1160'), the plurality of de-binding agents (1190, 1190'), a plurality of signaling agents (1150, 1150'), the plurality of competitor molecules (1170, 1170') pre-bound to competitor binding molecules (1180, 1180'), and a sample from a sample collection device (200, 200', 200", 200′′′, 200ʺʺ, 200′′′ʺ, 200′′′′′′, 200′′′ʺʺ, 200′′′ʺʺ, 1100), the sample having a plurality of sample target analytes pre-bound to sample binding molecules, wherein a de-binding agent of the plurality of de-binding agents (1190, 1190') is configured to de-bind a competitor molecule from the pre-bound competitor binding molecule (1180, 1180') or a sample target analyte from the pre-bound sample binding molecule, wherein the label (1175, 1175') of the de-bound competitor molecule (1170, 1170') is configured to bind to a signaling agent (1150, 1150') and the de-bound competitor molecule is configured to bind to an affinity molecule (1130, 1160, 1130', 1160') of the plurality of affinity molecules, and wherein a de-binding agent of the plurality of de-binding agents (1190, 1190') is configured to de-bind a competitor molecule from the pre-bound competitor binding molecule (1180, 1180') or a sample target analyte from the pre-bound sample binding molecule, wherein the label (1175, 1175') of the de-bound competitor molecule (1170, 1170') is configured to bind to a signaling agent (1150, 1150') and the de-bound competitor molecule is configured to bind to an affinity molecule (1130, 1160, 1130', 1160') of the plurality of affinity molecules, and a sensor (338, 338', 338", 338′′′) configured to be exposed to the mixed reservoir fluid, the sensor further configured to generate a signal indicative of at least one of the presence, absence, or quantity of the sample target analyte within the sample.