A method for producing a physical object that incorporates a kinetic shape, the method comprising: identifying an applied force to be applied to an object that is to incorporate the kinetic shape, the kinetic shape being a shape that provides a reactive force in response to an applied force; identifying a reactive force that is desired to be produced in response to the applied force; inputting the applied force and the reactive force into a kinetic shape equation; wherein the kinetic shape equation defines two-dimensional kinetic shapes and is mathematically defined as: R θ = R θ i exp ∫ F r θ F ν θ d θ where θ is an angular position around the kinetic shape rotation axle, R is a radius of the kinetic shape, F v is the applied force, F r is the reactive force, and θ i is an initial angle of the kinetic shape. or the kinetic shape equation defines three-dimensional kinetic shapes and is mathematically defined as: R r θ φ = R r θ i φ i exp ∫ F r θ φ F ν θ φ d θ R t θ φ = R t θ i φ i exp ∫ F t θ φ F r θ φ d φ where θ is an elevation angle around the kinetic shape axle, φ is an azimuth angle around the kinetic shape axle, R r is a shape radius in the radial plane, R t is a shape radius in the tangential plane, F v is the applied force, F r is a radial ground reaction force, F t is a tangential ground reaction force, and θ i and φ i are the initial elevation and azimuth angles, respectively; solving the equation to obtain the kinetic shape; and constructing the physical object that incorporates the kinetic shape, wherein upon application of the applied force, the kinetic shape in the physical object being responsive to generate the reactive force. identifying an applied force to be applied to an object that is to incorporate the kinetic shape, the kinetic shape being a shape that provides a reactive force in response to an applied force; identifying a reactive force that is desired to be produced in response to the applied force; inputting the applied force and the reactive force into a kinetic shape equation; wherein the kinetic shape equation defines two-dimensional kinetic shapes and is mathematically defined as: R θ = R θ i exp ∫ F r θ F ν θ d θ where θ is an angular position around the kinetic shape rotation axle, R is a radius of the kinetic shape, F v is the applied force, F r is the reactive force, and θ i is an initial angle of the kinetic shape. or the kinetic shape equation defines three-dimensional kinetic shapes and is mathematically defined as: R r θ φ = R r θ i φ i exp ∫ F r θ φ F ν θ φ d θ R t θ φ = R t θ i φ i exp ∫ F t θ φ F r θ φ d φ where θ is an elevation angle around the kinetic shape axle, φ is an azimuth angle around the kinetic shape axle, R r is a shape radius in the radial plane, R t is a shape radius in the tangential plane, F v is the applied force, F r is a radial ground reaction force, F t is a tangential ground reaction force, and θ i and φ i are the initial elevation and azimuth angles, respectively; where θ is an elevation angle around the kinetic shape axle, φ is an azimuth angle around the kinetic shape axle, R r is a shape radius in the radial plane, R t is a shape radius in the tangential plane, F v is the applied force, F r is a radial ground reaction force, F t is a tangential ground reaction force, and θ i and φ i are the initial elevation and azimuth angles, respectively; solving the equation to obtain the kinetic shape; and constructing the physical object that incorporates the kinetic shape, wherein upon application of the applied force, the kinetic shape in the physical object being responsive to generate the reactive force.