A system for detecting gluten in a food sample, comprising a cartridge, comprising: a sensor comprising: a graphene layer disposed on an underlying substrate, a plurality of antibodies coupled to the graphene layer, the antibodies being configured for specific binding to a gluten protein, a plurality of metallic electrodes coupled to the antibody functionalized graphene layer for detecting a change in electrical resistance thereof in response to interaction with the gluten protein, the cartridge further comprising: a chamber including an input port configured to receive a food sample and an output port configured to deliver a processed sample to the sensor; and a reservoir including a frangible barrier storing a process liquid, wherein the barrier, when broken, allows a portion of the process liquid to flow in to the chamber and contact the food sample to form the processed sample, and the system further comprising an analyzer separate from the cartridge and configured for electrical coupling to the sensor, wherein the analyzer comprises: an electrical source that provides an electrical current for generating an electrical signal in response to interaction between the antibody functionalized graphene layer and the processed sample received via the output port, and an analysis module configured to compute a change in a resistance or an impedance of the electrical signal generated in response to the interaction between the antibody-functionalized graphene layer and the processed sample to determine whether gluten is present in the processed sample. a sensor comprising: a graphene layer disposed on an underlying substrate, a plurality of antibodies coupled to the graphene layer, the antibodies being configured for specific binding to a gluten protein, a plurality of metallic electrodes coupled to the antibody functionalized graphene layer for detecting a change in electrical resistance thereof in response to interaction with the gluten protein, a graphene layer disposed on an underlying substrate, a plurality of antibodies coupled to the graphene layer, the antibodies being configured for specific binding to a gluten protein, a plurality of metallic electrodes coupled to the antibody functionalized graphene layer for detecting a change in electrical resistance thereof in response to interaction with the gluten protein, the cartridge further comprising: a chamber including an input port configured to receive a food sample and an output port configured to deliver a processed sample to the sensor; and a reservoir including a frangible barrier storing a process liquid, wherein the barrier, when broken, allows a portion of the process liquid to flow in to the chamber and contact the food sample to form the processed sample, and a chamber including an input port configured to receive a food sample and an output port configured to deliver a processed sample to the sensor; and a reservoir including a frangible barrier storing a process liquid, wherein the barrier, when broken, allows a portion of the process liquid to flow in to the chamber and contact the food sample to form the processed sample, and the system further comprising an analyzer separate from the cartridge and configured for electrical coupling to the sensor, wherein the analyzer comprises: an electrical source that provides an electrical current for generating an electrical signal in response to interaction between the antibody functionalized graphene layer and the processed sample received via the output port, and an analysis module configured to compute a change in a resistance or an impedance of the electrical signal generated in response to the interaction between the antibody-functionalized graphene layer and the processed sample to determine whether gluten is present in the processed sample. an electrical source that provides an electrical current for generating an electrical signal in response to interaction between the antibody functionalized graphene layer and the processed sample received via the output port, and an analysis module configured to compute a change in a resistance or an impedance of the electrical signal generated in response to the interaction between the antibody-functionalized graphene layer and the processed sample to determine whether gluten is present in the processed sample.