A bus monitor for identifying abnormalities in a bus transmission sequence of a system-on-chip, characterized in that the bus monitor is disposed between a system bus and a system control unit and comprises a configuration unit, a condition judgment unit, an effective data selection unit, a hardware algorithm unit and a comparison unit, wherein: the configuration unit is adapted to set and store configuration information to be monitored in a bus control signal, and to update the state of the bus monitor, wherein the configuration information comprises: (i) an indication of at least one condition under which a monitoring process needs to be enabled; (ii) an indication of data to be selected by the effective data selection unit; (iii) an indication of a processing algorithm to be used by the hardware algorithm unit; and (iv) at least one expected monitoring result following the processing of the data; the condition judgment unit is adapted to determine, according to current bus behavior information indicated by a control signal containing the address of the bus and the configuration information, whether a monitoring process needs to be enabled; and to generate a control signal to the effective data selection unit if the monitoring process needs to be enabled; the effective data selection unit is adapted to select, according to the control signal of the condition judgment unit and the configuration information, to-be-calculated data from the bus transmission sequence, the to-be-calculated data comprising at least one of: (i) a bus address of bus access; (ii) a bus master device number; (iii) bus reading data; (iv) bus writing data, and is further adapted to transmit the to-be-calculated data to the hardware algorithm unit to instruct the hardware algorithm unit to operate on the to-be-calculated data; the hardware algorithm unit is adapted to operate, according to a control signal transmitted from the configuration unit and the condition judgment unit, on the to-be-calculated data output from the effective data selection unit, and to transmit a final calculation result to the comparison unit; and the comparison unit is adapted to compare the final calculation result with the expected monitoring result, and to transmit an alarm signal to the system control unit if the final calculation result is inconsistent with the expected monitoring result, wherein the alarm signal is indicative of an abnormality in the bus transmission sequence. the configuration unit is adapted to set and store configuration information to be monitored in a bus control signal, and to update the state of the bus monitor, wherein the configuration information comprises: (i) an indication of at least one condition under which a monitoring process needs to be enabled; (ii) an indication of data to be selected by the effective data selection unit; (iii) an indication of a processing algorithm to be used by the hardware algorithm unit; and (iv) at least one expected monitoring result following the processing of the data; (i) an indication of at least one condition under which a monitoring process needs to be enabled; (ii) an indication of data to be selected by the effective data selection unit; (iii) an indication of a processing algorithm to be used by the hardware algorithm unit; and (iv) at least one expected monitoring result following the processing of the data; the condition judgment unit is adapted to determine, according to current bus behavior information indicated by a control signal containing the address of the bus and the configuration information, whether a monitoring process needs to be enabled; and to generate a control signal to the effective data selection unit if the monitoring process needs to be enabled; the effective data selection unit is adapted to select, according to the control signal of the condition judgment unit and the configuration information, to-be-calculated data from the bus transmission sequence, the to-be-calculated data comprising at least one of: (i) a bus address of bus access; (ii) a bus master device number; (iii) bus reading data; (iv) bus writing data, and is further adapted to transmit the to-be-calculated data to the hardware algorithm unit to instruct the hardware algorithm unit to operate on the to-be-calculated data; the hardware algorithm unit is adapted to operate, according to a control signal transmitted from the configuration unit and the condition judgment unit, on the to-be-calculated data output from the effective data selection unit, and to transmit a final calculation result to the comparison unit; and the comparison unit is adapted to compare the final calculation result with the expected monitoring result, and to transmit an alarm signal to the system control unit if the final calculation result is inconsistent with the expected monitoring result, wherein the alarm signal is indicative of an abnormality in the bus transmission sequence.