A method for recovering ruthenium from waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium, the method comprising: 1) drying waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium at 100-150°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1-2 hours, calcining the waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium at 300-500°C for 2-4 hours, cooling the waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium to room temperature, and grinding the waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium into black powder comprising ruthenium oxide; 2) placing the black powder inside a fluidized bed reactor, purging the fluidized bed reactor with nitrogen for 20-40 minutes and then purging the fluidized bed reactor with hydrogen, and reducing the black powder to obtain a powder comprising ruthenium at a temperature of 200-400°C at a pressure of 1-2 MPa for 2-3 hours; 3) purging the fluidized bed reactor with nitrogen for 20-40 minutes, and then introducing a mixed gas of oxygen and ozone to oxidize the powder comprising ruthenium for obtaining RuO 4 gas at a temperature of 500-750°C at a pressure of 1-2 MPa for 1-8 hours; 4) introducing the RuO 4 gas into a 3-8 mol/L hydrochloric solution, and completely dissolving the RuO 4 gas to obtain an H 3 RuCl 6 solution; 5) slowly introducing excess oxidant into the H 3 RuCl 6 solution, stirring the H 3 RuCl 6 solution for 0.5-1.5 hours to completely oxidize the H 3 RuCl 6 solution to generate H 2 RuCl 6, introducing excess NH 4 Cl into the H 2 RuCl 6 solution, heating the H 2 RuCl 6 solution to 60-90°C, stirring the H 2 RuCl 6 solution for 1-3 hours, filtering the H 2 RuCl 6 solution to obtain a filter cake, and washing the filter cake to obtain an (NH 4) 2 RuCl 6 solid, wherein the oxidant is soluble chlorate; and 6) reducing the (NH 4) 2 RuCl 6 solid at a temperature of 450-800°C using a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen to obtain ruthenium, wherein a volume fraction of the hydrogen in the mixed gas is 1-15%. 1) drying waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium at 100-150°C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 1-2 hours, calcining the waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium at 300-500°C for 2-4 hours, cooling the waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium to room temperature, and grinding the waste catalyst of aluminum oxide loaded with ruthenium into black powder comprising ruthenium oxide; 2) placing the black powder inside a fluidized bed reactor, purging the fluidized bed reactor with nitrogen for 20-40 minutes and then purging the fluidized bed reactor with hydrogen, and reducing the black powder to obtain a powder comprising ruthenium at a temperature of 200-400°C at a pressure of 1-2 MPa for 2-3 hours; 3) purging the fluidized bed reactor with nitrogen for 20-40 minutes, and then introducing a mixed gas of oxygen and ozone to oxidize the powder comprising ruthenium for obtaining RuO 4 gas at a temperature of 500-750°C at a pressure of 1-2 MPa for 1-8 hours; 4) introducing the RuO 4 gas into a 3-8 mol/L hydrochloric solution, and completely dissolving the RuO 4 gas to obtain an H 3 RuCl 6 solution; 5) slowly introducing excess oxidant into the H 3 RuCl 6 solution, stirring the H 3 RuCl 6 solution for 0.5-1.5 hours to completely oxidize the H 3 RuCl 6 solution to generate H 2 RuCl 6, introducing excess NH 4 Cl into the H 2 RuCl 6 solution, heating the H 2 RuCl 6 solution to 60-90°C, stirring the H 2 RuCl 6 solution for 1-3 hours, filtering the H 2 RuCl 6 solution to obtain a filter cake, and washing the filter cake to obtain an (NH 4) 2 RuCl 6 solid, wherein the oxidant is soluble chlorate; and 6) reducing the (NH 4) 2 RuCl 6 solid at a temperature of 450-800°C using a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen to obtain ruthenium, wherein a volume fraction of the hydrogen in the mixed gas is 1-15%.