A data processing method implemented by a vital computer system, the vital computer system including a I-series system, a II-series system, and a maintenance machine, each of the I-series and II-series system comprising a 2-vote-2 vital computer and a multiplex Ethernet interface, wherein the method comprises: in a logic computation process, receiving input data from an internal communication process, and performing a logic computation operation on the input data and generating output data, wherein, the logic computation operation includes a data synchronization comparison operation; transmitting the output data generated by the logic computation operation to the internal communication process, wherein two-way communication is performed between the internal communication process and the logic computation process, in the internal communication process, performing protocol encapsulation on the output data according to an output data instruction and then transmitting the encapsulated data outside of the vital computer system; the method further comprising: transmitting maintenance data generated during the logic computation operation to a maintenance communication process, wherein the maintenance data includes intermediate computation process data, wherein the maintenance communication process is a one-way data forwarding channel, and is responsible for forwarding the maintenance data generated by a logic processing process to the maintenance machine, wherein one-way communication is performed between the logic computation process and the maintenance communication process, and no direct communication is performed between the internal communication process and the maintenance communication process, monitoring the vital computer system through the maintenance data, so as to ensure safety of the vital computer system. in a logic computation process, receiving input data from an internal communication process, and performing a logic computation operation on the input data and generating output data, wherein, the logic computation operation includes a data synchronization comparison operation; transmitting the output data generated by the logic computation operation to the internal communication process, wherein two-way communication is performed between the internal communication process and the logic computation process, in the internal communication process, performing protocol encapsulation on the output data according to an output data instruction and then transmitting the encapsulated data outside of the vital computer system; the method further comprising: transmitting maintenance data generated during the logic computation operation to a maintenance communication process, wherein the maintenance data includes intermediate computation process data, wherein the maintenance communication process is a one-way data forwarding channel, and is responsible for forwarding the maintenance data generated by a logic processing process to the maintenance machine, wherein one-way communication is performed between the logic computation process and the maintenance communication process, and no direct communication is performed between the internal communication process and the maintenance communication process, monitoring the vital computer system through the maintenance data, so as to ensure safety of the vital computer system. transmitting maintenance data generated during the logic computation operation to a maintenance communication process, wherein the maintenance data includes intermediate computation process data, wherein the maintenance communication process is a one-way data forwarding channel, and is responsible for forwarding the maintenance data generated by a logic processing process to the maintenance machine, wherein one-way communication is performed between the logic computation process and the maintenance communication process, and no direct communication is performed between the internal communication process and the maintenance communication process, monitoring the vital computer system through the maintenance data, so as to ensure safety of the vital computer system.