A method comprising: at a processor, determining an in vivo transit distance for an arterial pulse between a first arterial pulse point (12 1) and a second arterial pulse point (12 2) using a first distance to the first arterial pulse point measured from a receiver of one or more transmitted signals reflected from the first arterial pulse point and a second distance to the second arterial pulse point measured from a receiver of one or more transmitted signals reflected from the second arterial pulse point; and at the processor, determining a transit time for an arterial pulse between the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, based on one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the first arterial pulse point and from one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the second arterial pulse point; wherein the method comprises: at the processor, processing the one or more reflected transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses into multiple bins, each bin associated with a range and a time; wherein: each bin is associated with one of a plurality of times and with one of a multiplicity of short-time periods within a long time period at the associated time, wherein the short-time periods define ranges; each of the plurality of times is associated with a different one of a plurality of sequentially transmitted detecting and ranging pulses; and a pulse duration is configured to spatially resolve the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, such that each bin is associated with only a single arterial pulse point. at a processor, determining an in vivo transit distance for an arterial pulse between a first arterial pulse point (12 1) and a second arterial pulse point (12 2) using a first distance to the first arterial pulse point measured from a receiver of one or more transmitted signals reflected from the first arterial pulse point and a second distance to the second arterial pulse point measured from a receiver of one or more transmitted signals reflected from the second arterial pulse point; and at the processor, determining a transit time for an arterial pulse between the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, based on one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the first arterial pulse point and from one or more transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses reflected from the second arterial pulse point; wherein the method comprises: at the processor, processing the one or more reflected transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses into multiple bins, each bin associated with a range and a time; wherein: each bin is associated with one of a plurality of times and with one of a multiplicity of short-time periods within a long time period at the associated time, wherein the short-time periods define ranges; each of the plurality of times is associated with a different one of a plurality of sequentially transmitted detecting and ranging pulses; and a pulse duration is configured to spatially resolve the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, such that each bin is associated with only a single arterial pulse point. at the processor, processing the one or more reflected transmitted detecting and ranging wave pulses into multiple bins, each bin associated with a range and a time; wherein: each bin is associated with one of a plurality of times and with one of a multiplicity of short-time periods within a long time period at the associated time, wherein the short-time periods define ranges; each of the plurality of times is associated with a different one of a plurality of sequentially transmitted detecting and ranging pulses; and a pulse duration is configured to spatially resolve the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, such that each bin is associated with only a single arterial pulse point. each bin is associated with one of a plurality of times and with one of a multiplicity of short-time periods within a long time period at the associated time, wherein the short-time periods define ranges; each of the plurality of times is associated with a different one of a plurality of sequentially transmitted detecting and ranging pulses; and a pulse duration is configured to spatially resolve the first arterial pulse point and the second arterial pulse point, such that each bin is associated with only a single arterial pulse point.