A grinding wheel truing method wherein, the grinding wheel truing method is performed using: a grinding wheel having a generally cylindrical shape and driven to rotate about a grinding wheel rotational axis; a truing device supported so as to be rotatable about a truer rotational axis that is parallel to a Z-axis direction that is parallel to the grinding wheel rotational axis, or supported so as to be driven to rotate about the truer rotational axis, to execute truing of the grinding wheel; and a control device that relatively moves the grinding wheel with respect to the truing device in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the X-axis direction being a direction that is orthogonal to the grinding wheel rotational axis and in which the grinding wheel cuts into the truing device, the truing device being elastically supported in the Z-axis direction to be elastically movable in the Z-axis direction, being elastically supported in the X-axis direction to be elastically movable in the X-axis direction, and including a movement restriction device that controls prohibition and permission of elastic movement in at least the X-axis direction, the grinding wheel truing method comprising: a contact step in which the control device causes a surface of the grinding wheel to contact the truing device by moving the grinding wheel with respect to the truing device in a Z-axis direction to cause the truing device and the grinding wheel to face each other in a X-axis direction, and then controls the movement restriction device to a permitted state so as to relatively move the grinding wheel with respect to the truing device in the X-axis direction; and a shape correction step in which the control device corrects a shape of the grinding wheel, when the grinding wheel and the truing device contact each other, or when the grinding wheel relatively cuts into the truing device in the X-axis direction until an amount of elastic movement of the truing device in a X-axis direction reaches a first predetermined amount after the grinding wheel and the truing device contact each other, controls the movement restriction device to a prohibited state so as to prohibit elastic movement of the truing device in at least the X-axis direction, and thereafter causes the grinding wheel to further relatively cut into the truing device in the X-axis direction by a second predetermined amount. a grinding wheel having a generally cylindrical shape and driven to rotate about a grinding wheel rotational axis; a truing device supported so as to be rotatable about a truer rotational axis that is parallel to a Z-axis direction that is parallel to the grinding wheel rotational axis, or supported so as to be driven to rotate about the truer rotational axis, to execute truing of the grinding wheel; and a control device that relatively moves the grinding wheel with respect to the truing device in the X-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the X-axis direction being a direction that is orthogonal to the grinding wheel rotational axis and in which the grinding wheel cuts into the truing device, the truing device being elastically supported in the Z-axis direction to be elastically movable in the Z-axis direction, being elastically supported in the X-axis direction to be elastically movable in the X-axis direction, and including a movement restriction device that controls prohibition and permission of elastic movement in at least the X-axis direction, a contact step in which the control device causes a surface of the grinding wheel to contact the truing device by moving the grinding wheel with respect to the truing device in a Z-axis direction to cause the truing device and the grinding wheel to face each other in a X-axis direction, and then controls the movement restriction device to a permitted state so as to relatively move the grinding wheel with respect to the truing device in the X-axis direction; and a shape correction step in which the control device corrects a shape of the grinding wheel, when the grinding wheel and the truing device contact each other, or when the grinding wheel relatively cuts into the truing device in the X-axis direction until an amount of elastic movement of the truing device in a X-axis direction reaches a first predetermined amount after the grinding wheel and the truing device contact each other, controls the movement restriction device to a prohibited state so as to prohibit elastic movement of the truing device in at least the X-axis direction, and thereafter causes the grinding wheel to further relatively cut into the truing device in the X-axis direction by a second predetermined amount.