A method of entropy coding transformation coefficients, the method comprising: determining a horizontal axis direction location and a vertical axis direction location of a last significant transformation coefficient having a non-zero value and included in a transformation block, wherein the last significant transformation coefficient has a last scan index according to a certain scan order among transformation coefficients in the transformation block; coding, into a bitstream, information about the horizontal axis direction location and the vertical axis direction location of the last significant transformation coefficient; coding, into the bitstream, information about a non-significant transformation coefficient that has a zero value and is located between the last significant transformation coefficients and a second significant transformation coefficient, wherein the non-significant transformation coefficient has earlier scan indices than the last scan index, and the second significant transformation coefficient has an earlier scan index than the scan indices of the non-significant transformation coefficient according to the certain scan order among the transformation coefficients in the transformation block; coding, into the bitstream, a significant coefficient flag corresponding to a location of a second significant transformation coefficient to indicate whether a value of the second significant transformation coefficient is not zero; and coding, into the bitstream, level values of significant coefficients including the last significant transformation coefficient and the second significant transformation coefficient, among the transformation coefficients; wherein the information about the horizontal axis direction location and the vertical axis direction location of the last significant transformation coefficient includes an x value corresponding to the horizontal axis direction location and a y value corresponding to the vertical axis direction location. determining a horizontal axis direction location and a vertical axis direction location of a last significant transformation coefficient having a non-zero value and included in a transformation block, wherein the last significant transformation coefficient has a last scan index according to a certain scan order among transformation coefficients in the transformation block; coding, into a bitstream, information about the horizontal axis direction location and the vertical axis direction location of the last significant transformation coefficient; coding, into the bitstream, information about a non-significant transformation coefficient that has a zero value and is located between the last significant transformation coefficients and a second significant transformation coefficient, wherein the non-significant transformation coefficient has earlier scan indices than the last scan index, and the second significant transformation coefficient has an earlier scan index than the scan indices of the non-significant transformation coefficient according to the certain scan order among the transformation coefficients in the transformation block; coding, into the bitstream, a significant coefficient flag corresponding to a location of a second significant transformation coefficient to indicate whether a value of the second significant transformation coefficient is not zero; and coding, into the bitstream, level values of significant coefficients including the last significant transformation coefficient and the second significant transformation coefficient, among the transformation coefficients; wherein the information about the horizontal axis direction location and the vertical axis direction location of the last significant transformation coefficient includes an x value corresponding to the horizontal axis direction location and a y value corresponding to the vertical axis direction location.