An energy-saving system for purifying and recycling oxygen from high-temperature oxygen-enriched flue gas, comprising a water washing mechanism for introducing the high-temperature oxygen-enriched flue gas, a compressor set connected with the water washing system through a pipeline, a compressor outlet heat exchanger connected with the compressor set through a pipeline, a gas-liquid separation tank connected with the compressor outlet heat exchanger through a pipeline, a temperature swing adsorption isobaric drying mechanism and a pressure swing adsorption purification mechanism connected with the gas-liquid separation tank through pipelines, a dedusting and filtering mechanism for introducing gas treated by the temperature swing adsorption isobaric drying mechanism and the pressure swing adsorption purification mechanism, and a cooling mechanism for cooling the water washing mechanism and the compressor outlet heat exchanger, wherein an output end of the temperature swing adsorption isobaric drying mechanism is connected with an output end of the pressure swing adsorption purification mechanism through a pipeline, and is connected with the dedusting and filtering mechanism through a pipeline, and the pressure swing adsorption purification mechanism is connected with the water washing mechanism; wherein the water washing mechanism comprises a flue gas inlet pipe for introducing the high-temperature oxygen-enriched flue gas and a normal-temperature water pipe for filling normal-temperature water, a first water scrubber respectively connected with the flue gas inlet pipe and the normal-temperature water pipe, a drainage pipe and a second water scrubber connected with the first water scrubber, and a gas outlet pipe respectively connected with the second water scrubber and the compressor set, wherein the cooling mechanism is connected with the second water scrubber through a pipeline, and the pressure swing adsorption purification mechanism is connected with the first water scrubber; wherein the cooling mechanism is connected with a water cooling set connected with the compressor outlet heat exchanger through a pipeline and a low-temperature heat exchanger respectively connected with the water cooling set and the second water scrubber through pipelines. wherein the water washing mechanism comprises a flue gas inlet pipe for introducing the high-temperature oxygen-enriched flue gas and a normal-temperature water pipe for filling normal-temperature water, a first water scrubber respectively connected with the flue gas inlet pipe and the normal-temperature water pipe, a drainage pipe and a second water scrubber connected with the first water scrubber, and a gas outlet pipe respectively connected with the second water scrubber and the compressor set, wherein the cooling mechanism is connected with the second water scrubber through a pipeline, and the pressure swing adsorption purification mechanism is connected with the first water scrubber; wherein the cooling mechanism is connected with a water cooling set connected with the compressor outlet heat exchanger through a pipeline and a low-temperature heat exchanger respectively connected with the water cooling set and the second water scrubber through pipelines.