A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet comprising: a composition that contains, in terms of mass%, C: 0.10% or more and 0.50% or less, Si: 1.0% or more and 3.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or more and 2.5% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.01% or more and 1.5% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Cu: 0.05% or more and 0.50% or less, optionally at least one selected from Nb: 0.2% or less, Ti: 0.2% or less, V: 0.5% or less, Mo: 0.3% or less, Cr: 1.0% or less, and B: 0.005% or less, optionally at least one selected from Sn: 0.1% or less, Sb: 0.1% or less, W: 0.1% or less, Co: 0.1% or less, Ca: 0.005% or less, and REM: 0.005% or less and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein a proportion of a steel sheet surface covered with oxides, in which the Si atomic concentration ratio among the elements other than oxygen constituting the oxides is 70% or more, is 1% or less, a proportion of the steel sheet surface covered with iron-based oxides, in which the iron atomic concentration ratio among the elements other than oxygen constituting the oxides is 30% or more, is 40% or less, Cu s /Cu B is 2.0 or more and 4.0 or less, and a tensile strength is 1180 MPa or more, where Cu s denotes a Cu content in a steel sheet surface layer, Cu B denotes a Cu content in a base material, the steel sheet surface layer refers to a region that spans 20 nm from the steel sheet surface in the sheet thickness direction, and the base material refers to a region other than the region that spans 1 μm from the steel sheet surface in the sheet thickness direction, wherein the ratio Cu s /Cu B is evaluated by glow discharge spectroscopy as indicated in the corresponding section of the description, and a steel sheet structure containing 40% or more and 100% or less of at least one selected from tempered martensite and bainite in terms of volume fraction, 0% or more and 60% or less of ferrite in terms of volume fraction, and 0% or more and 20% or less of retained austenite, the volume fraction of other phases being 5% or less. a composition that contains, in terms of mass%, C: 0.10% or more and 0.50% or less, Si: 1.0% or more and 3.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or more and 2.5% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.02% or less, Al: 0.01% or more and 1.5% or less, N: 0.005% or less, Cu: 0.05% or more and 0.50% or less, optionally at least one selected from Nb: 0.2% or less, Ti: 0.2% or less, V: 0.5% or less, Mo: 0.3% or less, Cr: 1.0% or less, and B: 0.005% or less, optionally at least one selected from Sn: 0.1% or less, Sb: 0.1% or less, W: 0.1% or less, Co: 0.1% or less, Ca: 0.005% or less, and REM: 0.005% or less and the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein a proportion of a steel sheet surface covered with oxides, in which the Si atomic concentration ratio among the elements other than oxygen constituting the oxides is 70% or more, is 1% or less, a proportion of the steel sheet surface covered with iron-based oxides, in which the iron atomic concentration ratio among the elements other than oxygen constituting the oxides is 30% or more, is 40% or less, Cu s /Cu B is 2.0 or more and 4.0 or less, and a tensile strength is 1180 MPa or more, where Cu s denotes a Cu content in a steel sheet surface layer, Cu B denotes a Cu content in a base material, the steel sheet surface layer refers to a region that spans 20 nm from the steel sheet surface in the sheet thickness direction, and the base material refers to a region other than the region that spans 1 μm from the steel sheet surface in the sheet thickness direction, wherein the ratio Cu s /Cu B is evaluated by glow discharge spectroscopy as indicated in the corresponding section of the description, and a steel sheet structure containing 40% or more and 100% or less of at least one selected from tempered martensite and bainite in terms of volume fraction, 0% or more and 60% or less of ferrite in terms of volume fraction, and 0% or more and 20% or less of retained austenite, the volume fraction of other phases being 5% or less.