A method for detecting a circularized single-stranded DNA by hyperbranched rolling circle amplification (HRCA) of said circularized single-stranded DNA in the presence of a forward primer that is capable of hybridizing with said circularized single-stranded DNA and with negative strands generated during the HRCA, and a reverse primer that is capable of hybridizing with positive strands generated during the HRCA, said HRCA generating periodic double-stranded DNAs, said method being characterized in that: • said forward primer is constituted by or comprises the following sequence, from its 5' end to its 3' end: 5'- n1 -T1-E1-A1-3', in which: ∘ F1 represents a terminal group selected from a tag and a coupling agent; ∘ T1 represents a barcode nucleotide sequence constituted by 6 to 30 nucleotides; ∘ E1 represents a spacer that blocks polymerization of the strand complementary to said nucleotide sequence T1 by a DNA polymerase deprived of exonuclease activity and having a strand displacement activity; ∘ A1 represents a nucleotide sequence constituted by 10 to 40 nucleotides that is capable of hybridizing with said circularized single-stranded DNA and with said negative strands; and ∘ n1 is a whole number equal to 0 or 1; and/or • said reverse primer is constituted by or comprises the following sequence, from its 5' end to its 3' end: 5'- n2 -T2-E2-A2-3', in which: ∘ F2 represents a terminal group selected from a tag and a coupling agent, which may be identical to or different from the terminal group F1; ∘ T2 represents a barcode nucleotide sequence constituted by 6 to 30 nucleotides, which may be identical to or different from the nucleotide sequence T1; ∘ E2 represents a spacer that blocks polymerization of the strand complementary to said nucleotide sequence T2 by a DNA polymerase deprived of exonuclease activity and having a strand displacement activity, and which may be identical to or different from the spacer E1; ∘ A2 represents a nucleotide sequence constituted by 10 to 40 nucleotides that is capable of hybridizing with said positive strands; and ∘ n2 is a whole number equal to 0 or 1; said circularized single-stranded DNA being detected by hybridizing said barcode sequences T1 and/or T2 present at the ends of said double-stranded periodic nucleic acids with a nucleotide probe complementary to said barcode sequences T1 and/or T2, wherein said nucleotide probe is present on a solid support. • said forward primer is constituted by or comprises the following sequence, from its 5' end to its 3' end: 5'- n1 -T1-E1-A1-3', in which: ∘ F1 represents a terminal group selected from a tag and a coupling agent; ∘ T1 represents a barcode nucleotide sequence constituted by 6 to 30 nucleotides; ∘ E1 represents a spacer that blocks polymerization of the strand complementary to said nucleotide sequence T1 by a DNA polymerase deprived of exonuclease activity and having a strand displacement activity; ∘ A1 represents a nucleotide sequence constituted by 10 to 40 nucleotides that is capable of hybridizing with said circularized single-stranded DNA and with said negative strands; and ∘ n1 is a whole number equal to 0 or 1; and/or ∘ F1 represents a terminal group selected from a tag and a coupling agent; ∘ T1 represents a barcode nucleotide sequence constituted by 6 to 30 nucleotides; ∘ E1 represents a spacer that blocks polymerization of the strand complementary to said nucleotide sequence T1 by a DNA polymerase deprived of exonuclease activity and having a strand displacement activity; ∘ A1 represents a nucleotide sequence constituted by 10 to 40 nucleotides that is capable of hybridizing with said circularized single-stranded DNA and with said negative strands; and ∘ n1 is a whole number equal to 0 or 1; • said reverse primer is constituted by or comprises the following sequence, from its 5' end to its 3' end: 5'- n2 -T2-E2-A2-3', in which: ∘ F2 represents a terminal group selected from a tag and a coupling agent, which may be identical to or different from the terminal group F1; ∘ T2 represents a barcode nucleotide sequence constituted by 6 to 30 nucleotides, which may be identical to or different from the nucleotide sequence T1; ∘ E2 represents a spacer that blocks polymerization of the strand complementary to said nucleotide sequence T2 by a DNA polymerase deprived of exonuclease activity and having a strand displacement activity, and which may be identical to or different from the spacer E1; ∘ A2 represents a nucleotide sequence constituted by 10 to 40 nucleotides that is capable of hybridizing with said positive strands; and ∘ n2 is a whole number equal to 0 or 1; said circularized single-stranded DNA being detected by hybridizing said barcode sequences T1 and/or T2 present at the ends of said double-stranded periodic nucleic acids with a nucleotide probe complementary to said barcode sequences T1 and/or T2, wherein said nucleotide probe is present on a solid support. ∘ F2 represents a terminal group selected from a tag and a coupling agent, which may be identical to or different from the terminal group F1; ∘ T2 represents a barcode nucleotide sequence constituted by 6 to 30 nucleotides, which may be identical to or different from the nucleotide sequence T1; ∘ E2 represents a spacer that blocks polymerization of the strand complementary to said nucleotide sequence T2 by a DNA polymerase deprived of exonuclease activity and having a strand displacement activity, and which may be identical to or different from the spacer E1; ∘ A2 represents a nucleotide sequence constituted by 10 to 40 nucleotides that is capable of hybridizing with said positive strands; and ∘ n2 is a whole number equal to 0 or 1;