A high-performance road vehicle comprising: a plurality of replaceable or removable components; a control unit, which controls the operation of the road vehicle; at least one electronic identification device, which is fitted on a corresponding component, comprises a memory designed to contain at least one univocal identifying code of the component and comprises a first transmission organ, which is designed to send the data contained in the memory; and a second transmission organ, which is designed to communicate with the first transmission organ and is connected to the control unit so as to allow the control unit to read the univocal identifying code of the component; wherein each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to perform a reading of all the electronic identification devices to determine the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle; the road vehicle being characterized in that: each time the control unit receives a request to start the vehicle, it is configured to determine the site of use of the road vehicle by determining whether the road vehicle is used in a traffic-open road or in a private race track; each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to check whether all the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle are consistent with the site of use of the road vehicle by determining that there are no univocal identifying codes (IDCs) corresponding to components approved only for use in a race track in the event that the vehicle is used in a traffic-open road or that there are no univocal identifying codes (IDCs) corresponding to components approved only for use in a road in the event that the road vehicle is used in a private race track; and each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to deny the consent to start the road vehicle if the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle are not consistent with the site of use of the road vehicle. a plurality of replaceable or removable components; a control unit, which controls the operation of the road vehicle; at least one electronic identification device, which is fitted on a corresponding component, comprises a memory designed to contain at least one univocal identifying code of the component and comprises a first transmission organ, which is designed to send the data contained in the memory; and a second transmission organ, which is designed to communicate with the first transmission organ and is connected to the control unit so as to allow the control unit to read the univocal identifying code of the component; wherein each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to perform a reading of all the electronic identification devices to determine the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle; the road vehicle being characterized in that: each time the control unit receives a request to start the vehicle, it is configured to determine the site of use of the road vehicle by determining whether the road vehicle is used in a traffic-open road or in a private race track; each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to check whether all the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle are consistent with the site of use of the road vehicle by determining that there are no univocal identifying codes (IDCs) corresponding to components approved only for use in a race track in the event that the vehicle is used in a traffic-open road or that there are no univocal identifying codes (IDCs) corresponding to components approved only for use in a road in the event that the road vehicle is used in a private race track; and each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to deny the consent to start the road vehicle if the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle are not consistent with the site of use of the road vehicle. each time the control unit receives a request to start the vehicle, it is configured to determine the site of use of the road vehicle by determining whether the road vehicle is used in a traffic-open road or in a private race track; each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to check whether all the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle are consistent with the site of use of the road vehicle by determining that there are no univocal identifying codes (IDCs) corresponding to components approved only for use in a race track in the event that the vehicle is used in a traffic-open road or that there are no univocal identifying codes (IDCs) corresponding to components approved only for use in a road in the event that the road vehicle is used in a private race track; and each time the control unit receives a request to start the road vehicle, it is configured to deny the consent to start the road vehicle if the univocal identifying codes of the components present on the road vehicle are not consistent with the site of use of the road vehicle.