An uplink data transmission method, comprising: generating uplink scheduling information according to an obtained scheduling information generation rule, wherein the uplink scheduling information comprises at least a modulation and coding scheme; and when uplink data needs to be sent, modulating and encoding the uplink data by using the modulation and coding scheme, and sending uplink information to an access device by using an uplink data channel, wherein the uplink information comprises the modulated and encoded uplink data, and further comprises control information, and the control information is used to indicate a resource location of the uplink data on the uplink data channel, and further used to indicate at least one of the following: a transmission time interval, indication information indicating whether there is uplink data sending, duration in which the uplink data channel is used, or at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, retransmission process information, a retransmission version, or retransmission occupation duration that is further indicated during retransmission; wherein the method further comprises: receiving a correspondence that is sent by the access device and that is between a modulation and coding scheme and uplink physical resource information; and the sending the uplink information to an access device comprises: selecting, according to the correspondence, uplink physical resource information that can use the modulation and coding scheme, and sending the modulated and encoded uplink data to the access device by using an uplink physical resource corresponding to the selected uplink physical resource information, so that the access device determines, according to the uplink physical resource, a modulation and coding scheme used by the uplink data. generating uplink scheduling information according to an obtained scheduling information generation rule, wherein the uplink scheduling information comprises at least a modulation and coding scheme; and when uplink data needs to be sent, modulating and encoding the uplink data by using the modulation and coding scheme, and sending uplink information to an access device by using an uplink data channel, wherein the uplink information comprises the modulated and encoded uplink data, and further comprises control information, and the control information is used to indicate a resource location of the uplink data on the uplink data channel, and further used to indicate at least one of the following: a transmission time interval, indication information indicating whether there is uplink data sending, duration in which the uplink data channel is used, or at least one of hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, retransmission process information, a retransmission version, or retransmission occupation duration that is further indicated during retransmission; wherein the method further comprises: receiving a correspondence that is sent by the access device and that is between a modulation and coding scheme and uplink physical resource information; and the sending the uplink information to an access device comprises: selecting, according to the correspondence, uplink physical resource information that can use the modulation and coding scheme, and sending the modulated and encoded uplink data to the access device by using an uplink physical resource corresponding to the selected uplink physical resource information, so that the access device determines, according to the uplink physical resource, a modulation and coding scheme used by the uplink data. receiving a correspondence that is sent by the access device and that is between a modulation and coding scheme and uplink physical resource information; and the sending the uplink information to an access device comprises: selecting, according to the correspondence, uplink physical resource information that can use the modulation and coding scheme, and sending the modulated and encoded uplink data to the access device by using an uplink physical resource corresponding to the selected uplink physical resource information, so that the access device determines, according to the uplink physical resource, a modulation and coding scheme used by the uplink data.