A lithographic printing method comprising: a preparing step of preparing a lithographic printing plate precursor which includes an aluminum support, and an image recording layer containing an acid color developing agent and an acid generator on the aluminum support, wherein the acid color developing agent has a molar absorption coefficient ε of 40000 to 70000 at a maximum absorption wavelength measured as described in the description of the application as filed; an exposing step of imagewise-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor; a developing step of supplying acidic dampening water to the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor and removing a non-image area of the image recording layer; a printing step of performing printing using a lithographic printing plate obtained by the development, with printing ink and acidic dampening water; and optionally a drying step of drying the acidic dampening water on the lithographic printing plate obtained by the development, wherein the aluminum support includes an aluminum plate and an anodized aluminum film disposed on the aluminum plate, the anodized film is positioned on a side of the image recording layer with respect to the aluminum plate, the anodized film has micropores extending from a surface of the anodized film on the side of the image recording layer in a depth direction, and an average diameter of the micropores in the surface of the anodized film is greater than 10 nm and 100 nm or less, and a specific surface area ΔS which is a value acquired by Equation (i) for a geometrically measured area S 0 and an actual area S x obtained by an approximate three-point method, based on three-dimensional data obtained by measuring 512 × 512 points in a range of 25 μm × 25 μm on the surface of the anodized film on the side of the image recording layer using an atomic force microscope, is 15% or greater and 60% or less, Δ S = S x − S 0 / S 0 × 100 % a preparing step of preparing a lithographic printing plate precursor which includes an aluminum support, and an image recording layer containing an acid color developing agent and an acid generator on the aluminum support, wherein the acid color developing agent has a molar absorption coefficient ε of 40000 to 70000 at a maximum absorption wavelength measured as described in the description of the application as filed; an exposing step of imagewise-exposing the lithographic printing plate precursor; a developing step of supplying acidic dampening water to the exposed lithographic printing plate precursor and removing a non-image area of the image recording layer; a printing step of performing printing using a lithographic printing plate obtained by the development, with printing ink and acidic dampening water; and optionally a drying step of drying the acidic dampening water on the lithographic printing plate obtained by the development, wherein the aluminum support includes an aluminum plate and an anodized aluminum film disposed on the aluminum plate, the anodized film is positioned on a side of the image recording layer with respect to the aluminum plate, the anodized film has micropores extending from a surface of the anodized film on the side of the image recording layer in a depth direction, and an average diameter of the micropores in the surface of the anodized film is greater than 10 nm and 100 nm or less, and a specific surface area ΔS which is a value acquired by Equation (i) for a geometrically measured area S 0 and an actual area S x obtained by an approximate three-point method, based on three-dimensional data obtained by measuring 512 × 512 points in a range of 25 μm × 25 μm on the surface of the anodized film on the side of the image recording layer using an atomic force microscope, is 15% or greater and 60% or less, Δ S = S x − S 0 / S 0 × 100 %