A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet having small variations in strength and ductility, consisting of: C in a content of 0.05% to 0.30%; Si in a content of greater than 0% to 3.0%; Mn in a content of 0.1% to 5.0%; P in a content of greater than 0% to 0.1%; S in a content of greater than 0% to 0.02%; Al in a content of 0.01 % to 1.0%; and N in a content of greater than 0% to 0.01%, optionally Cr in a content of 0.01% to 1.0%, optionally at least one element selected from the group consisting of: Mo in a content of 0.01% to 1.0%; Cu in a content of 0.05% to 1.0%; and Ni in a content of 0.05% to 1.0%; optionally at least one element selected from the group consisting of: Ca in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; Mg in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; Li in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; and a rare-earth element or REMs in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%, in mass percent in a chemical composition, and the remainder of the cold-rolled steel sheet composition being iron and inevitable impurities, wherein: the cold-rolled steel sheet comprises ferrite as a soft primary phase in an area percentage of 20% to 50% in a microstructure; the cold-rolled steel sheet further comprises at least one of tempered martensite and tempered bainite as a hard secondary phase in the microstructure; and the cold-rolled steel sheet meets one of conditions (a) and (b) as follows: (a) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.05 μm to less than 0.3 μm are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of greater than 0.15 to 0.50 per square micrometer of the ferrite; and (b) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.3 μm or more are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of 0.05 to 0.15 per square micrometer of the ferrite. C in a content of 0.05% to 0.30%; Si in a content of greater than 0% to 3.0%; Mn in a content of 0.1% to 5.0%; P in a content of greater than 0% to 0.1%; S in a content of greater than 0% to 0.02%; Al in a content of 0.01 % to 1.0%; and N in a content of greater than 0% to 0.01%, optionally Cr in a content of 0.01% to 1.0%, optionally at least one element selected from the group consisting of: Mo in a content of 0.01% to 1.0%; Cu in a content of 0.05% to 1.0%; and Ni in a content of 0.05% to 1.0%; Mo in a content of 0.01% to 1.0%; Cu in a content of 0.05% to 1.0%; and Ni in a content of 0.05% to 1.0%; optionally at least one element selected from the group consisting of: Ca in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; Mg in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; Li in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; and a rare-earth element or REMs in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%, Ca in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; Mg in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; Li in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%; and a rare-earth element or REMs in a content of 0.0001% to 0.01%, in mass percent in a chemical composition, and the remainder of the cold-rolled steel sheet composition being iron and inevitable impurities, wherein: the cold-rolled steel sheet comprises ferrite as a soft primary phase in an area percentage of 20% to 50% in a microstructure; the cold-rolled steel sheet further comprises at least one of tempered martensite and tempered bainite as a hard secondary phase in the microstructure; and the cold-rolled steel sheet meets one of conditions (a) and (b) as follows: (a) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.05 μm to less than 0.3 μm are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of greater than 0.15 to 0.50 per square micrometer of the ferrite; and (b) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.3 μm or more are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of 0.05 to 0.15 per square micrometer of the ferrite. the cold-rolled steel sheet comprises ferrite as a soft primary phase in an area percentage of 20% to 50% in a microstructure; the cold-rolled steel sheet further comprises at least one of tempered martensite and tempered bainite as a hard secondary phase in the microstructure; and the cold-rolled steel sheet meets one of conditions (a) and (b) as follows: (a) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.05 μm to less than 0.3 μm are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of greater than 0.15 to 0.50 per square micrometer of the ferrite; and (b) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.3 μm or more are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of 0.05 to 0.15 per square micrometer of the ferrite. (a) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.05 μm to less than 0.3 μm are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of greater than 0.15 to 0.50 per square micrometer of the ferrite; and (b) cementite particles having an equivalent circle diameter of 0.3 μm or more are dispersed in grains of the ferrite in a number density of 0.05 to 0.15 per square micrometer of the ferrite.