A microfluidic system for analyzing nucleic acid, the microfluidic system comprising: a binding-lysis chamber for capturing cells from a sample and for lysing the cells to form a cell lysate containing nucleic acid; and a plurality of particles for cell binding disposed in the binding-lysis chamber; characterized by further comprising: a reagent supply device including a sample chamber for receiving the sample, one or more reagent chambers for containing one or more reagents for extracting nucleic acid from the sample, and a waste chamber for receiving the used reagent that is to be discarded; a plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6) for receiving the cell lysate formed in the binding-lysis chamber and for mixing the cell lysate with a nucleic acid amplification reagent to form an amplification reaction mixture; a plurality of amplification chambers (P1 to P6) for receiving the amplification reaction mixture introduced from the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6) and for performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction on the amplification reaction mixture; a flow channel system including an outlet and a plurality of inlets (110, 111, 112) connectable to the reagent supply device and forming an integrated fluid flow between the binding-lysis chamber, the rehydration chambers (R1 to R6), and the amplification chambers (P1 to P6); and a fluid flow part comprising: a top surface comprising the plurality of inlets (110, 111, 112) and the outlet, which are connected to the reagent supply device; a first through-hole corresponding to the binding-lysis chamber; a plurality of second through-holes corresponding to the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6); a bottom surface comprising a recessed groove pattern comprising a plurality of recessed grooves corresponding to the plurality of nucleic acid amplification chambers (P1 to P6); a membrane part comprising an elastic membrane bonded to the bottom surface of the fluid flow part to form bottom surfaces of the binding-lysis chamber and the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6); and a pneumatic part bonded to a bottom surface of the membrane part and having a plurality of ports for applying pneumatic pressure to one or more predetermined positions of the membrane part. a binding-lysis chamber for capturing cells from a sample and for lysing the cells to form a cell lysate containing nucleic acid; and a plurality of particles for cell binding disposed in the binding-lysis chamber; a reagent supply device including a sample chamber for receiving the sample, one or more reagent chambers for containing one or more reagents for extracting nucleic acid from the sample, and a waste chamber for receiving the used reagent that is to be discarded; a plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6) for receiving the cell lysate formed in the binding-lysis chamber and for mixing the cell lysate with a nucleic acid amplification reagent to form an amplification reaction mixture; a plurality of amplification chambers (P1 to P6) for receiving the amplification reaction mixture introduced from the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6) and for performing a nucleic acid amplification reaction on the amplification reaction mixture; a flow channel system including an outlet and a plurality of inlets (110, 111, 112) connectable to the reagent supply device and forming an integrated fluid flow between the binding-lysis chamber, the rehydration chambers (R1 to R6), and the amplification chambers (P1 to P6); and a fluid flow part comprising: a top surface comprising the plurality of inlets (110, 111, 112) and the outlet, which are connected to the reagent supply device; a first through-hole corresponding to the binding-lysis chamber; a plurality of second through-holes corresponding to the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6); a bottom surface comprising a recessed groove pattern comprising a plurality of recessed grooves corresponding to the plurality of nucleic acid amplification chambers (P1 to P6); a membrane part comprising an elastic membrane bonded to the bottom surface of the fluid flow part to form bottom surfaces of the binding-lysis chamber and the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6); and a pneumatic part bonded to a bottom surface of the membrane part and having a plurality of ports for applying pneumatic pressure to one or more predetermined positions of the membrane part. a top surface comprising the plurality of inlets (110, 111, 112) and the outlet, which are connected to the reagent supply device; a first through-hole corresponding to the binding-lysis chamber; a plurality of second through-holes corresponding to the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6); a bottom surface comprising a recessed groove pattern comprising a plurality of recessed grooves corresponding to the plurality of nucleic acid amplification chambers (P1 to P6); a membrane part comprising an elastic membrane bonded to the bottom surface of the fluid flow part to form bottom surfaces of the binding-lysis chamber and the plurality of rehydration chambers (R1 to R6); and a pneumatic part bonded to a bottom surface of the membrane part and having a plurality of ports for applying pneumatic pressure to one or more predetermined positions of the membrane part.