mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
Method for operating a sensor for detecting at least one portion of a measurement gas component with bound oxygen in a measurement gas, in particular in an exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, comprising a sensor element, wherein the sensor element has a first pump cell which has an outer pump electrode and an inner pump electrode and is present at a first cavity connected to the measurement gas, a reference cell which has a Nernst electrode and a reference electrode and is present at a reference gas space, and a second pump cell which has a pump electrode and a counter-electrode and is present at a second cavity, wherein an electronic control device, which has at least a first separate terminal for the first pump cell, a second separate terminal for the second pump cell, a terminal for a Nernst voltage (Vs) and a common terminal, is connected to the sensor element, wherein the outer pump electrode is connected to the first separate terminal by means of a first electrically conductive connection, wherein the inner pump electrode is connected to the common terminal by means of a second electrically conductive connection, wherein the reference electrode is connected to the terminal for a Nernst voltage (Vs) by means of a third electrically conductive connection, wherein the pump electrode is connected to the common terminal by means of the second electrically conductive connection, wherein the counter-electrode is connected to the second separate terminal by means of a fourth electrically conductive connection, wherein a measurement resistor is provided in the fourth electrically conductive connection, wherein a predetermined electrical voltage (U COM) is applied to the common terminal, wherein the fourth electrically conductive connection is connected, between the measurement resistor and the second pump cell, to a capacitor which is also connected to an earth of the control device, wherein the control device is used to change the predetermined electrical voltage (U COM) for a predetermined time in order to generate a measurement signal, wherein the measurement signal is given by the temporal profile of a voltage drop (U IP2) across the measurement resistor or by the temporal profile of a difference between an electrical voltage (U P2) applied to the second pump cell and the predetermined electrical voltage (U COM), wherein the fourth electrically conductive connection is identified as intact if the measurement signal does not have any change for the predetermined time and is identified as defective if the measurement signal has a change for the predetermined time.
Swirl generator (31, 131, 231) having - a central fuel distributor element, - an outer wall enclosing the central fuel distributor element and bounding an axial flow channel for combustion air, - swirl vanes, which extend in a radial direction to the outer wall and give the flowing combustion air a tangential flow component, - a separating wall (42, 142) enclosing the central fuel distributor element and being positioned radially within the outer wall, which divides the flow channel into a radially inner channel segment and a radially outer channel segment, characterised in that the radially inner channel segment allows the combustion air to pass without giving it a tangential flow component, wherein fuel lines extend through the radially inner channel segment to the swirl vanes in the radially outer channel segment. - a central fuel distributor element, - an outer wall enclosing the central fuel distributor element and bounding an axial flow channel for combustion air, - swirl vanes, which extend in a radial direction to the outer wall and give the flowing combustion air a tangential flow component, - a separating wall (42, 142) enclosing the central fuel distributor element and being positioned radially within the outer wall, which divides the flow channel into a radially inner channel segment and a radially outer channel segment, characterised in that the radially inner channel segment allows the combustion air to pass without giving it a tangential flow component, wherein fuel lines extend through the radially inner channel segment to the swirl vanes in the radially outer channel segment.
Method for controlling charging operations of a plurality of electric vehicles, comprising the steps of: - providing a data record which comprises arrival times, departure times and charging energies of the electric vehicles during a first period; - determining a minimum total charging power from the data record by means of a computing apparatus, the determined minimum total charging power making it possible to approximately completely charge each electric vehicle between its arrival time and departure time; and - charging the electric vehicles with at most the determined minimum total charging power during a second period following the first period. - providing a data record which comprises arrival times, departure times and charging energies of the electric vehicles during a first period; - determining a minimum total charging power from the data record by means of a computing apparatus, the determined minimum total charging power making it possible to approximately completely charge each electric vehicle between its arrival time and departure time; and - charging the electric vehicles with at most the determined minimum total charging power during a second period following the first period.
Internal combustion engine, preferably a two-stroke engine, in particular for a propulsion system, comprising: - at least two cylinders, each comprising a combustion chamber having an inlet for a fuel and an outlet for an exhaust gas with an outlet valve, - wherein the engine comprises at least one separation device downstream of the combustion chambers - wherein a first component exhaust line and a second component exhaust line are connected to the at least one separation device, - wherein the at least one separation device is configured to separate the exhaust gas from each combustion chamber into a first gas stream for the first component exhaust line and a second gas stream for the second component exhaust line, and - wherein a device for reducing particulate matter is arranged in the first component exhaust line downstream of the separation device - the second component exhaust line and the first component exhaust lines (8,9) are separate from each other at least until the device for reducing particulate matter, characterized in that, the separation device is configured to separate the exhaust gas from the combustion chamber into a first gas stream discharged during a first phase of a combustion cycle, preferably for the first component exhaust line, and a subsequent second gas stream discharged during a second phase of the combustion cycle, preferably for the second component exhaust line, wherein the temperature of the second gas stream is lower than the temperature of the first gas stream. - at least two cylinders, each comprising a combustion chamber having an inlet for a fuel and an outlet for an exhaust gas with an outlet valve, - wherein the engine comprises at least one separation device downstream of the combustion chambers - wherein a first component exhaust line and a second component exhaust line are connected to the at least one separation device, - wherein the at least one separation device is configured to separate the exhaust gas from each combustion chamber into a first gas stream for the first component exhaust line and a second gas stream for the second component exhaust line, and - wherein a device for reducing particulate matter is arranged in the first component exhaust line downstream of the separation device - the second component exhaust line and the first component exhaust lines (8,9) are separate from each other at least until the device for reducing particulate matter,
A computer-implemented method for three-dimensional anatomical modeling, the method comprising: co-registering one or more obtained two-dimensional images based on a common coordinate system, wherein the 2D images are associated with bony anatomy of a patient; identifying a first historical 3D bone model corresponding to a first candidate bone based on bone properties of the bony anatomy and contextual information including at least demographic information associated with the patient; repositioning one or more of the 2D images superimposed on the first historical 3D bone model to substantially align the one or more of the 2D images with the first historical 3D bone model; modifying one or more surface regions of a second historical 3D bone model that corresponds to a second candidate bone and is identified based on the repositioning to more closely match the bony anatomy of the patient; and generating a 3D model from the modified second historical 3D bone model, wherein the generated 3D model corresponds to the bony anatomy. co-registering one or more obtained two-dimensional images based on a common coordinate system, wherein the 2D images are associated with bony anatomy of a patient; identifying a first historical 3D bone model corresponding to a first candidate bone based on bone properties of the bony anatomy and contextual information including at least demographic information associated with the patient; repositioning one or more of the 2D images superimposed on the first historical 3D bone model to substantially align the one or more of the 2D images with the first historical 3D bone model; modifying one or more surface regions of a second historical 3D bone model that corresponds to a second candidate bone and is identified based on the repositioning to more closely match the bony anatomy of the patient; and generating a 3D model from the modified second historical 3D bone model,
A flow battery of the type comprising a first tank for an anode electrolyte, a second tank for a cathode electrolyte, respective hydraulic circuits provided with corresponding pumps for supplying electrolytes to specific planar cells, provided with channels on the two mutually opposite faces for the independent conveyance of said electrolytes, mutually separated by electrolytic membranes and electrodes, characterized in that said planar cells are mutually aligned and arranged side-by-side so as to constitute a laminar pack, on at least one front of said laminar pack there being an end plate provided, on a first face, with at least one channel (6, 7) for the access of the electrolytes that arrive from said laminar pack, with at least one discharge channel (8, 9) for the conveyance of the electrolytes that originate from said access channel (6, 7) to at least one outlet (10, 11) that is connected to a respective tank (2, 3), and at least one mixing channel that is connected to said at least one outlet (10, 11), said plate being provided, on a second face, with a cavity to the bottom of which the at least one said access channel (6, 7), the at least one said discharge channel (8, 9) and the at least one said mixing channel lead, said cavity accommodating a respective valve provided with at least one duct (15, 16) for the selective connection of said at least one access channel (6, 7) either to the at least one said discharge channel (8, 9) or to the at least one said mixing channel.
An orthodontic bracket consisting of: an outer body (112, 212); an inner body (118, 218) coupled to the outer body, wherein the inner body is elastomeric; and a bracket base (110, 210) configured to couple to a tooth; and optionally an adhesive on a bonding surface of the bracket base, wherein the inner body is disposed between the outer body and the bracket base, characterised in that the inner body has thickness of at least 0.1mm. an outer body (112, 212); an inner body (118, 218) coupled to the outer body, wherein the inner body is elastomeric; and a bracket base (110, 210) configured to couple to a tooth; and optionally an adhesive on a bonding surface of the bracket base, wherein the inner body is disposed between the outer body and the bracket base, characterised in that the inner body has thickness of at least 0.1mm.
A hydraulic system of construction machinery, comprising: a boom cylinder divided into a head side and a rod side; a first boom hydraulic line connected to the head side of the boom cylinder and configured to supply a hydraulic oil to the boom cylinder during an ascending operation of a boom; a second boom hydraulic line connected to the rod side of the boom cylinder and configured to supply the hydraulic oil to the boom cylinder during a descending operation of the boom; a regeneration line branching from the first boom hydraulic line and serving so that the hydraulic oil discharged from the head side of the boom cylinder flows during the descending operation of the boom; a circulation line branching from the regeneration line and connected to the second boom hydraulic line; an accumulator connected to the regeneration line and configured to accumulate the hydraulic oil discharged from the boom cylinder; a boom regeneration valve comprising a first regeneration spool provided at the regeneration line and a second regeneration spool provided at the circulation line; and a control unit configured to close the boom regeneration valve during the ascending operation of the boom and to adjust opening areas of the first regeneration spool and the second regeneration spool by estimating a speed of the boom cylinder during the descending operation of the boom, characterized in that the control unit is configured to maintain the opening area of the first regeneration spool larger than the opening area of the second regeneration spool. a boom cylinder divided into a head side and a rod side; a first boom hydraulic line connected to the head side of the boom cylinder and configured to supply a hydraulic oil to the boom cylinder during an ascending operation of a boom; a second boom hydraulic line connected to the rod side of the boom cylinder and configured to supply the hydraulic oil to the boom cylinder during a descending operation of the boom; a regeneration line branching from the first boom hydraulic line and serving so that the hydraulic oil discharged from the head side of the boom cylinder flows during the descending operation of the boom; a circulation line branching from the regeneration line and connected to the second boom hydraulic line; an accumulator connected to the regeneration line and configured to accumulate the hydraulic oil discharged from the boom cylinder; a boom regeneration valve comprising a first regeneration spool provided at the regeneration line and a second regeneration spool provided at the circulation line; and a control unit configured to close the boom regeneration valve during the ascending operation of the boom and to adjust opening areas of the first regeneration spool and the second regeneration spool by estimating a speed of the boom cylinder during the descending operation of the boom, characterized in that the control unit is configured to maintain the opening area of the first regeneration spool larger than the opening area of the second regeneration spool.
A light deflector comprising: a reflector having a reflecting surface; a movable part coupled to the reflector; a drive circuit configured to cause the movable part to deform so as to rotate and oscillate the reflector; a supporting unit having an opening in part; and a spring having a bending structure disposed between the movable part and the supporting unit, the spring coupled to each of the movable part and the supporting unit, wherein the spring is less rigid in a direction of an oscillation axis of the reflector and is thicker and more rigid in a direction orthogonal to the reflecting surface than the movable part, wherein the opening includes two openings (16 and 17), and wherein one of the two openings is provided at one side of the reflector, and the other of the two openings is provided at the other side of the reflector in a direction orthogonal to a direction of an oscillation axis of the reflector, wherein the supporting unit includes two supporting units (150a, 150b) being separate from each other with the openings (16, 17) therebetween. a reflector having a reflecting surface; a movable part coupled to the reflector; a drive circuit configured to cause the movable part to deform so as to rotate and oscillate the reflector; a supporting unit having an opening in part; and a spring having a bending structure disposed between the movable part and the supporting unit, the spring coupled to each of the movable part and the supporting unit, wherein the spring is less rigid in a direction of an oscillation axis of the reflector and is thicker and more rigid in a direction orthogonal to the reflecting surface than the movable part, wherein the opening includes two openings (16 and 17), and wherein one of the two openings is provided at one side of the reflector, and the other of the two openings is provided at the other side of the reflector in a direction orthogonal to a direction of an oscillation axis of the reflector, wherein the supporting unit includes two supporting units (150a, 150b) being separate from each other with the openings (16, 17) therebetween.
A battery pack, comprising: a plurality of battery modules, each having two secondary battery cells, a module frame and a cooling fin; end plates provided at two opposite sides of a battery module assembly configured by assembling the plurality of battery modules; protrusions formed at the end plates; a tension bar configured to fix the end plates via the protrusions, wherein a thread is formed at the protrusion, and the end plate and the tension bar are fixed via a nut, a front circuit assembly electrically connected to electrode leads formed at the plurality of battery modules included in the battery module assembly; a rear circuit assembly electrically connected to electrode leads formed at the plurality of battery modules included in the battery module assembly; a front cover configured to cover front portions of the front circuit assembly and the battery module assembly not to be exposed outwards; and a rear cover configured to cover rear portions of the rear circuit assembly and the battery module assembly not to be exposed outwards, characterized in that a groove corresponding to the protrusion is formed at the tension bar. a plurality of battery modules, each having two secondary battery cells, a module frame and a cooling fin; end plates provided at two opposite sides of a battery module assembly configured by assembling the plurality of battery modules; protrusions formed at the end plates; a tension bar configured to fix the end plates via the protrusions, wherein a thread is formed at the protrusion, and the end plate and the tension bar are fixed via a nut, a front circuit assembly electrically connected to electrode leads formed at the plurality of battery modules included in the battery module assembly; a rear circuit assembly electrically connected to electrode leads formed at the plurality of battery modules included in the battery module assembly; a front cover configured to cover front portions of the front circuit assembly and the battery module assembly not to be exposed outwards; and a rear cover configured to cover rear portions of the rear circuit assembly and the battery module assembly not to be exposed outwards, characterized in that a groove corresponding to the protrusion is formed at the tension bar.
A device for a secondary base station (Scell BS), comprising a control module configured to control a communication module, the communication module comprised in the device and being controlled to communicate with a terminal together with a primary base station, using at least two carriers in a configuration where the primary base station provides a primary cell and the secondary base station provides a secondary cell for the terminal, wherein at least a first carrier towards the terminal is established in the primary cell from the primary base station (Source Pcell eNB) and a second carrier is established in the secondary cell towards the terminal from the device; and an interface towards said primary base station, and wherein the control module is configured to suspend, upon receiving a first instruction from the primary base station that is a source of a handover of the primary cell, ongoing traffic between the device and the terminal on the second carrier, perform predefined re-establishment of one or more protocol layers communicating with their peer layers at the terminal, and resume, upon receiving from a primary base station that is a target of the handover of the primary cell a second instruction indicating successful handover, traffic between the device and the terminal on the second carrier. a control module configured to control a communication module, the communication module comprised in the device and being controlled to communicate with a terminal together with a primary base station, using at least two carriers in a configuration where the primary base station provides a primary cell and the secondary base station provides a secondary cell for the terminal, wherein at least a first carrier towards the terminal is established in the primary cell from the primary base station (Source Pcell eNB) and a second carrier is established in the secondary cell towards the terminal from the device; and an interface towards said primary base station, and suspend, upon receiving a first instruction from the primary base station that is a source of a handover of the primary cell, ongoing traffic between the device and the terminal on the second carrier, perform predefined re-establishment of one or more protocol layers communicating with their peer layers at the terminal, and resume, upon receiving from a primary base station that is a target of the handover of the primary cell a second instruction indicating successful handover, traffic between the device and the terminal on the second carrier.
A visualization method of the attitude of an aircraft, comprising the formation of a pitch scale defining a lower border and an upper border, and including: - to visualize the nil pitch angle of the aircraft, a zero graduation on the lower border and the upper border; - to visualize the negative pitch angles of the aircraft, straight parallel graduations forming at least two groups converging toward one another with the approach of the zero graduation from the lower border; and - to visualize the positive pitch angles of the aircraft, curved graduations, the curvature of which increases moving away from the zero graduation toward the upper border. - to visualize the nil pitch angle of the aircraft, a zero graduation on the lower border and the upper border; - to visualize the negative pitch angles of the aircraft, straight parallel graduations forming at least two groups converging toward one another with the approach of the zero graduation from the lower border; and - to visualize the positive pitch angles of the aircraft, curved graduations, the curvature of which increases moving away from the zero graduation toward the upper border.