An uplink power control method, wherein the method comprises: determining, by a base station, power control information, wherein the power control information is used to control a power of user equipment; and sending, by the base station, HARQ acknowledgment feedback information to X user equipments, wherein the HARQ acknowledgment feedback information carries power control information of at least one of the X user equipments, the X user equipments contend for use of a same transmission resource, and X is an integer greater than 1; wherein the sending, by the base station, HARQ acknowledgment feedback information to X user equipments comprises: sending, by the base station, HARQ acknowledgment feedback information in a first format to the X user equipments, wherein the HARQ acknowledgment feedback information in the first format comprises a first acknowledgment feedback field and a power control field, the power control field comprises N power control subfields, the N power control subfields carry power control information of S user equipments, and one power control subfield is used to carry power control information of one user equipment at most; and the first acknowledgment feedback field comprises index information of M user equipments, the index information of the M user equipments is used to indicate a correspondence between the N power control subfields and the power control information of the S user equipments, and 1≤S≤N≤M. determining, by a base station, power control information, wherein the power control information is used to control a power of user equipment; and sending, by the base station, HARQ acknowledgment feedback information to X user equipments, wherein the HARQ acknowledgment feedback information carries power control information of at least one of the X user equipments, the X user equipments contend for use of a same transmission resource, and X is an integer greater than 1; wherein the sending, by the base station, HARQ acknowledgment feedback information to X user equipments comprises: sending, by the base station, HARQ acknowledgment feedback information in a first format to the X user equipments, wherein the HARQ acknowledgment feedback information in the first format comprises a first acknowledgment feedback field and a power control field, the power control field comprises N power control subfields, the N power control subfields carry power control information of S user equipments, and one power control subfield is used to carry power control information of one user equipment at most; and the first acknowledgment feedback field comprises index information of M user equipments, the index information of the M user equipments is used to indicate a correspondence between the N power control subfields and the power control information of the S user equipments, and 1≤S≤N≤M. sending, by the base station, HARQ acknowledgment feedback information in a first format to the X user equipments, wherein the HARQ acknowledgment feedback information in the first format comprises a first acknowledgment feedback field and a power control field, the power control field comprises N power control subfields, the N power control subfields carry power control information of S user equipments, and one power control subfield is used to carry power control information of one user equipment at most; and the first acknowledgment feedback field comprises index information of M user equipments, the index information of the M user equipments is used to indicate a correspondence between the N power control subfields and the power control information of the S user equipments, and 1≤S≤N≤M.