A digital PCR quantitative detection method comprising steps of: S4110, acquiring real-time fluorescence images of all microdroplets, and acquiring real-time fluorescence curves of microdroplets undergone a nucleic acid amplification according to the real-time fluorescence images; S4120, acquiring Ct values of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification from the real-time fluorescence curves; S4130, acquiring initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification according to a relationship between the Ct value and the initial nucleic acid copy number of the microdroplet undergone the nucleic acid amplification; wherein the digital PCR quantitative detection method further comprises steps S4140 and S4150, or further comprises steps S4240, S4250, and S4260: S4140, acquiring a frequency distribution of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers according to the initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification; and S4150, calculating a parameter λ of a Poisson distribution according to the frequency distribution of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers; S4240, selecting a portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers from the initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification; S4250, acquiring a frequency distribution of the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers according to the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers; S4260, performing a point estimation of the Poisson distribution according to the frequency distribution of the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers to acquire a parameter λ of the Poisson distribution. S4110, acquiring real-time fluorescence images of all microdroplets, and acquiring real-time fluorescence curves of microdroplets undergone a nucleic acid amplification according to the real-time fluorescence images; S4120, acquiring Ct values of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification from the real-time fluorescence curves; S4130, acquiring initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification according to a relationship between the Ct value and the initial nucleic acid copy number of the microdroplet undergone the nucleic acid amplification; wherein the digital PCR quantitative detection method further comprises steps S4140 and S4150, or further comprises steps S4240, S4250, and S4260: S4140, acquiring a frequency distribution of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers according to the initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification; and S4150, calculating a parameter λ of a Poisson distribution according to the frequency distribution of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers; S4240, selecting a portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers from the initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification; S4250, acquiring a frequency distribution of the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers according to the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers; S4260, performing a point estimation of the Poisson distribution according to the frequency distribution of the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers to acquire a parameter λ of the Poisson distribution. S4140, acquiring a frequency distribution of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers according to the initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification; and S4150, calculating a parameter λ of a Poisson distribution according to the frequency distribution of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers; S4240, selecting a portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers from the initial nucleic acid copy numbers of all of the microdroplets undergone the nucleic acid amplification; S4250, acquiring a frequency distribution of the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers according to the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers; S4260, performing a point estimation of the Poisson distribution according to the frequency distribution of the portion of the initial nucleic acid copy numbers to acquire a parameter λ of the Poisson distribution.