A near-infrared spectroscopy system, comprising a physiological sensor for near-infrared spectroscopy at different depths, said physiological sensor integrating optoelectronic components (4, 5) comprising emitters of near-infrared beams and near-infrared photosensitive receivers, said physiological sensor comprising elementary modules each provided with at least one optoelectronic component (4, 5), wherein each elementary module is connected to at least one adjacent elementary module by means of an articulation configured for a relative movement between the elementary modules according to several angles of inclination, wherein the elementary modules are assembled at least by means of the articulations and form an optoelectronic spread configurable between: - a planar configuration according to a main plane in which each articulation has a zero angle of inclination with respect to said main plane, and - a set of curved conformations in which at least one of the articulations has a non-zero angle of inclination with respect to said main plane; said near-infrared spectroscopy system further comprising a control unit connected to the emitters and to the receivers of the physiological sensor; said near-infrared spectroscopy system being characterized in that each articulation between two elementary modules is coupled to an angle sensor configured for a measurement of the angle of inclination between the two elementary modules; and in that said control unit is connected to each angle sensor and is configured to establish the spatial coordinates of each emitter and of each receiver according to the measurement data originating from said angle sensors and to the relative positionings and spacings between the emitters and the receivers, wherein said control unit is connected, on the one hand, to the emitters of the physiological sensor to activate said emitters in an individual and non-concomitant manner, according to a predefined sequence and, on the other hand, to the receivers of the physiological sensor for a recovery and a three-dimensional treatment of the measurements originating from the receivers during said sequence according to the spatial coordinates of the emitters and of the receivers. - a planar configuration according to a main plane in which each articulation has a zero angle of inclination with respect to said main plane, and - a set of curved conformations in which at least one of the articulations has a non-zero angle of inclination with respect to said main plane; said near-infrared spectroscopy system further comprising a control unit connected to the emitters and to the receivers of the physiological sensor; said near-infrared spectroscopy system being characterized in that each articulation between two elementary modules is coupled to an angle sensor configured for a measurement of the angle of inclination between the two elementary modules; and in that said control unit is connected to each angle sensor and is configured to establish the spatial coordinates of each emitter and of each receiver according to the measurement data originating from said angle sensors and to the relative positionings and spacings between the emitters and the receivers, wherein said control unit is connected, on the one hand, to the emitters of the physiological sensor to activate said emitters in an individual and non-concomitant manner, according to a predefined sequence and, on the other hand, to the receivers of the physiological sensor for a recovery and a three-dimensional treatment of the measurements originating from the receivers during said sequence according to the spatial coordinates of the emitters and of the receivers.