A flexible surgical instrument system, comprising a flexible surgical instrument, wherein the flexible surgical instrument comprises a flexible continuous body structure composed of a distal structural body, a proximal structural body and a middle connecting body; the distal structural body comprises at least one distal structural segment (12, 13), and the distal structural segment (12, 13) comprises distal spacing disks (121, 131), a distal fixing disk (122, 132) and structural backbones (123, 133); the proximal structural body comprises a proximal structural segment (17, 18), and the proximal structural segment (17, 18) comprises proximal spacing disks (171, 181), a proximal fixing disk (172, 182) and structural backbones (173, 183); the middle connecting body comprises channel fixing plates and a structural backbone guide channel provided between the channel fixing plates; and the structural backbones (123, 133) of the distal structural segment (12, 13) are securely connected in one-to-one correspondence to or are the same as the structural backbones (173, 183) of the proximal structural segment (17, 18), one end of each of the structural backbones (173, 183) is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk (172, 182), and the other end of the structural backbones(173, 183) passes through the proximal spacing disks (171, 181), the structural backbone guide channel and the distal spacing disks (121, 131) in sequence, and is then securely connected to the distal fixing disk (122, 132); the flexible surgical instrument system further comprising a driving unit, characterized in that the driving unit comprises a driving unit fixing plate, a plurality of driving shafts are rotatably supported between the driving unit fixing plate and the channel fixing plate close to the proximal structural segment (17, 18), the front end of each of the driving shafts is provided with a cable pulling mechanism, the cable pulling mechanism is securely connected to a cable fixing block by a cable passing through the proximal spacing disks (171, 181) and the proximal fixing disk (172, 182), and the cable fixing block is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk (172, 182); and when the driving shaft rotates, the length of the cable in the proximal structural segment (17, 18) is changed by the cable pulling mechanism. the flexible surgical instrument comprises a flexible continuous body structure composed of a distal structural body, a proximal structural body and a middle connecting body; the distal structural body comprises at least one distal structural segment (12, 13), and the distal structural segment (12, 13) comprises distal spacing disks (121, 131), a distal fixing disk (122, 132) and structural backbones (123, 133); the proximal structural body comprises a proximal structural segment (17, 18), and the proximal structural segment (17, 18) comprises proximal spacing disks (171, 181), a proximal fixing disk (172, 182) and structural backbones (173, 183); the middle connecting body comprises channel fixing plates and a structural backbone guide channel provided between the channel fixing plates; and the structural backbones (123, 133) of the distal structural segment (12, 13) are securely connected in one-to-one correspondence to or are the same as the structural backbones (173, 183) of the proximal structural segment (17, 18), one end of each of the structural backbones (173, 183) is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk (172, 182), and the other end of the structural backbones(173, 183) passes through the proximal spacing disks (171, 181), the structural backbone guide channel and the distal spacing disks (121, 131) in sequence, and is then securely connected to the distal fixing disk (122, 132); the flexible surgical instrument system further comprising a driving unit, characterized in that the driving unit comprises a driving unit fixing plate, a plurality of driving shafts are rotatably supported between the driving unit fixing plate and the channel fixing plate close to the proximal structural segment (17, 18), the front end of each of the driving shafts is provided with a cable pulling mechanism, the cable pulling mechanism is securely connected to a cable fixing block by a cable passing through the proximal spacing disks (171, 181) and the proximal fixing disk (172, 182), and the cable fixing block is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk (172, 182); and when the driving shaft rotates, the length of the cable in the proximal structural segment (17, 18) is changed by the cable pulling mechanism.