A method of obtaining a high-resolution two-dimensional image data for a sample comprising cells and extracellular structures, the method comprising: - labeling a sample with: a first mass tag that is conjugated to a first stain or capture agent, wherein the first mass tag-is composed of a chelating polymer -made up of repeating units of a first metal chelator chelated to one or more atoms of a first elemental metal isotope, and a second mass tag different from the first mass tag that is conjugated to a second histological stain or capture agent, wherein the second mass tag is made up of a chelating polymer comprising repeating units of a second metal chelator chelated to one or more atoms of a second elemental metal isotope; - exposing the sample to a pulsed primary ion beam of a secondary ion mass spectrometer by scanning the primary ion beam across the sample; and - at each of multiple locations in the sample, measuring abundances of secondary ions corresponding to the first and second elemental metal isotopes using a time-of-flight detector synchronized to the pulsed primary ion beam to generate a spatially-addressable set of abundance measurements of the first and second mass tags across an area of the sample, wherein the first and second chelators are each independently selected from the group consisting of: diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (DTPA), 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), and ethylene glycol-bis-(θ-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). - labeling a sample with: a first mass tag that is conjugated to a first stain or capture agent, wherein the first mass tag-is composed of a chelating polymer -made up of repeating units of a first metal chelator chelated to one or more atoms of a first elemental metal isotope, and a second mass tag different from the first mass tag that is conjugated to a second histological stain or capture agent, wherein the second mass tag is made up of a chelating polymer comprising repeating units of a second metal chelator chelated to one or more atoms of a second elemental metal isotope; a first mass tag that is conjugated to a first stain or capture agent, wherein the first mass tag-is composed of a chelating polymer -made up of repeating units of a first metal chelator chelated to one or more atoms of a first elemental metal isotope, and a second mass tag different from the first mass tag that is conjugated to a second histological stain or capture agent, wherein the second mass tag is made up of a chelating polymer comprising repeating units of a second metal chelator chelated to one or more atoms of a second elemental metal isotope; - exposing the sample to a pulsed primary ion beam of a secondary ion mass spectrometer by scanning the primary ion beam across the sample; and - at each of multiple locations in the sample, measuring abundances of secondary ions corresponding to the first and second elemental metal isotopes using a time-of-flight detector synchronized to the pulsed primary ion beam to generate a spatially-addressable set of abundance measurements of the first and second mass tags across an area of the sample,