Non-colouring cosmetic composition comprising: - one or more associative nonionic polymers that are triblock polyurethane polyether copolymers in which the hydrophilic block is a polyoxyethylene chain comprising from 50 to 1000 and especially from 100 to 300 oxyethylene groups; and comprising at least two hydrocarbon-based lipophilic chains containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, separated by the said hydrophilic block, the said hydrocarbon-based lipophilic chains possibly being pendent chains or chains at the end of a hydrophilic block, and - one or more carboxylate anionic surfactants, chosen from - acylglycinates, acylsarcosinates, acyllactylates and acylglutamates, the acyl groups preferably comprising from 14 to 30 carbon atoms and better still from 16 to 22 carbon atoms; and also the corresponding salified forms; these compounds optionally being oxyethylenated and then preferably comprising from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units and better still from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units; - polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkyl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkyl(C6-30)aryl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkylamido ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, in particular those comprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide units; the composition comprising associative nonionic polymer(s) in an amount ranging from 2% to 60% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, and the composition comprising carboxylate anionic surfactant(s) in an amount ranging from 0.1% to 10% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition. - one or more associative nonionic polymers that are triblock polyurethane polyether copolymers in which the hydrophilic block is a polyoxyethylene chain comprising from 50 to 1000 and especially from 100 to 300 oxyethylene groups; and comprising at least two hydrocarbon-based lipophilic chains containing from 6 to 30 carbon atoms, separated by the said hydrophilic block, the said hydrocarbon-based lipophilic chains possibly being pendent chains or chains at the end of a hydrophilic block, and - one or more carboxylate anionic surfactants, chosen from - acylglycinates, acylsarcosinates, acyllactylates and acylglutamates, the acyl groups preferably comprising from 14 to 30 carbon atoms and better still from 16 to 22 carbon atoms; and also the corresponding salified forms; these compounds optionally being oxyethylenated and then preferably comprising from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units and better still from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units; - polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkyl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkyl(C6-30)aryl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkylamido ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, in particular those comprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide units; - acylglycinates, acylsarcosinates, acyllactylates and acylglutamates, the acyl groups preferably comprising from 14 to 30 carbon atoms and better still from 16 to 22 carbon atoms; and also the corresponding salified forms; these compounds optionally being oxyethylenated and then preferably comprising from 1 to 50 ethylene oxide units and better still from 1 to 10 ethylene oxide units; - polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkyl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkyl(C6-30)aryl ether carboxylic acids, polyoxyalkylenated (C14-30)alkylamido ether carboxylic acids and salts thereof, in particular those comprising from 2 to 50 ethylene oxide units;