A transfer dyeing method, with the transfer dyeing method comprising the following steps: 1) uniformly coating a pretreating liquid on a front side of a fabric by a first pretreating anilox roller which is a laser engraved chromium-plated anilox roller or ceramic anilox roller having a line number of 60-200 lines/cm, to form a fabric having a front side with a wet surface layer; 2) printing a dyeing ink on a first ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon by a first full-master printing plate roller; 3) pressing the fabric having a front side with a wet surface layer obtained in Step 1 tightly to the first ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon obtained in Step 2, to allow them to be in contact with each other under pressure, and transfer the dyeing ink from the first ink transfer roller/ink transfer ribbon to the front side of the fabric, so as to realize dyeing on the front side of the fabric; 4) drying the fabric and then making a back side of the fabric face to a second pretreating anilox roller; 5) then uniformly coating the pretreating liquid on the back side of the fabric by the second pretreating anilox roller, to form a fabric having a back side with a wet surface layer; 6) printing a dyeing ink that is the same as or different from the dyeing ink in Step 2 on a second ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon by a second full-master printing plate roller, according to the dyeing requirement of the double-sided same color or double-sided different colors; 7) pressing the fabric having a back side with a wet surface layer obtained in Step 5 tightly to the second ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon obtained in Step 6, to allow them to be in contact with each other under pressure, and transfer the dyeing ink from the second ink transfer roller/ink transfer ribbon to the back side of the fabric, so as to realize dyeing on the back side of the fabric; and 8) drying the fabric, followed by color fixing performed by cold batch color fixing, or steaming fixation, or baking fixation, and then, water washing and shaping, to obtain a dyed end product, wherein the first ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon and the second ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon have a surface made of a rubber coating with a thickness of 3-15 mm and a surface hardness of 45-90 Shore degrees, where the rubber is polyurethane rubber, acrylonitrilc-butadicne rubber, neoprene rubber, chlorosulfonated polyethylene rubber, or ethylene-propylene rubber. 1) uniformly coating a pretreating liquid on a front side of a fabric by a first pretreating anilox roller which is a laser engraved chromium-plated anilox roller or ceramic anilox roller having a line number of 60-200 lines/cm, to form a fabric having a front side with a wet surface layer; 2) printing a dyeing ink on a first ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon by a first full-master printing plate roller; 3) pressing the fabric having a front side with a wet surface layer obtained in Step 1 tightly to the first ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon obtained in Step 2, to allow them to be in contact with each other under pressure, and transfer the dyeing ink from the first ink transfer roller/ink transfer ribbon to the front side of the fabric, so as to realize dyeing on the front side of the fabric; 4) drying the fabric and then making a back side of the fabric face to a second pretreating anilox roller; 5) then uniformly coating the pretreating liquid on the back side of the fabric by the second pretreating anilox roller, to form a fabric having a back side with a wet surface layer; 6) printing a dyeing ink that is the same as or different from the dyeing ink in Step 2 on a second ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon by a second full-master printing plate roller, according to the dyeing requirement of the double-sided same color or double-sided different colors; 7) pressing the fabric having a back side with a wet surface layer obtained in Step 5 tightly to the second ink transfer roller or ink transfer ribbon obtained in Step 6, to allow them to be in contact with each other under pressure, and transfer the dyeing ink from the second ink transfer roller/ink transfer ribbon to the back side of the fabric, so as to realize dyeing on the back side of the fabric; and 8) drying the fabric, followed by color fixing performed by cold batch color fixing, or steaming fixation, or baking fixation, and then, water washing and shaping, to obtain a dyed end product,