A compound of formula: or an enantiomer, hydrate, solvate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein L 1 is -C(R 6 R 7)-O- and L 2 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)-, L 1 is -O-C(R 6 R 7)- and L 2 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)-, L 1 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)- and L 2 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)-, L' is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)- and L 2 is -C(R 6 R 7)-O-, or L 1 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)- and L 2 is -O-C(R 6 R 7)-; Y' and Y 2 are each independently -O-, -S-, or -CH 2 -; X 1 and X 3 are each independently OH, SH, OR 15, SR 15, or N(R 15) 2; X 2 and X 4 are each independently O or S; R 1, R 5, R 8 and R 12 are each independently H, CN, N 3, F, Cl, Br, I, COOR 15, CON(R 15) 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, OR 15, SR 15, or N(R 15) 2; R 2, R 3, R 4, R 9, R 10 and R 11 are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N 3, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, OR 15, SR 15, or N(R 15) 2; R 6, R 7, R 13 and R 14 are each independently H, CN, N 3, F, Cl, Br, I, COOR 15, CON(R 15) 2, OR 15, SR 15, N(R 15) 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; each R 15 is independently H, -C(=Z)R 16, -C(=Z)OR 16, -C(=Z)SR 16, -C(=Z)N(R 16) 2, -CH 2 -Z-C(=Z)R 16, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; each R 16 is independently H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 2 -C 12 alkenyl, C 2 -C 12 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; preferably each R 16 is independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; each Z is independently O or S; Base 1 and Base 2 are each independently: wherein A, A 1, A 2, A 3 and A 4 are each independently H, OH, SH, F, Cl, Br, I, NH 2, OR 15, SR 15, NHR 15, N(R 15) 2, or R 16; and wherein the C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl independently in each instance is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 -OH; -SH; -NH 2; =O; =NH; =S; halogen; -N 3; C 6 -C 10 aryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3-OH, -CN, -O(C=O)OR B, -O(C=O)R B, or -COOR B; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylthio; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylamino; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 dialkylamino; -CN; -O(C=O)OR B; -O(C=O)R B; or -COOR B; wherein R B is H or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl. L 1 is -C(R 6 R 7)-O- and L 2 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)-, L 1 is -O-C(R 6 R 7)- and L 2 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)-, L 1 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)- and L 2 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)-, L' is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)- and L 2 is -C(R 6 R 7)-O-, or L 1 is -C(R 13)=C(R 14)- and L 2 is -O-C(R 6 R 7)-; Y' and Y 2 are each independently -O-, -S-, or -CH 2 -; X 1 and X 3 are each independently OH, SH, OR 15, SR 15, or N(R 15) 2; X 2 and X 4 are each independently O or S; R 1, R 5, R 8 and R 12 are each independently H, CN, N 3, F, Cl, Br, I, COOR 15, CON(R 15) 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, OR 15, SR 15, or N(R 15) 2; R 2, R 3, R 4, R 9, R 10 and R 11 are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, N 3, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, OR 15, SR 15, or N(R 15) 2; R 6, R 7, R 13 and R 14 are each independently H, CN, N 3, F, Cl, Br, I, COOR 15, CON(R 15) 2, OR 15, SR 15, N(R 15) 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; each R 15 is independently H, -C(=Z)R 16, -C(=Z)OR 16, -C(=Z)SR 16, -C(=Z)N(R 16) 2, -CH 2 -Z-C(=Z)R 16, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; each R 16 is independently H, C 1 -C 12 alkyl, C 2 -C 12 alkenyl, C 2 -C 12 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; preferably each R 16 is independently H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl; each Z is independently O or S; Base 1 and Base 2 are each independently: wherein A, A 1, A 2, A 3 and A 4 are each independently H, OH, SH, F, Cl, Br, I, NH 2, OR 15, SR 15, NHR 15, N(R 15) 2, or R 16; and wherein the C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 2 -C 10 heterocycloalkyl, C 6 -C 10 aryl, or C 2 -C 10 heteroaryl independently in each instance is optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3 -OH; -SH; -NH 2; =O; =NH; =S; halogen; -N 3; C 6 -C 10 aryl optionally substituted with 1, 2, or 3-OH, -CN, -O(C=O)OR B, -O(C=O)R B, or -COOR B; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylthio; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkylamino; unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 dialkylamino; -CN; -O(C=O)OR B; -O(C=O)R B; or -COOR B; wherein R B is H or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl.