A temperature management system comprising: a first temperature detection unit configured to detect a temperature of a heat generation component in an electronic device; a cooling apparatus configured to circulate air in the electronic device and to cool the heat generation component; a second temperature detection unit configured to detect a temperature of air flowing in the electronic device; a parameter setting unit configured to set a target value of the temperature of the heat generation component; and a control unit (30, 30a, 30b) configured to calculate a predicted value of a future temperature of the heat generation component based on outputs of the first temperature detection unit and the second temperature detection unit, and a power consumption of the electronic device, and configured to determine a manipulated variable of the cooling apparatus based on the predicted value and the target value, and characterized in that the control unit (30, 30a, 30b) includes: a prediction model unit set with a prediction model to calculate the predicted value of the future temperature of the heat generation component based on the temperature of the air flowing in the electronic device, the manipulated variable, and the power consumption of the electronic device, and configured to calculate the predicted value using the prediction model; a correction unit configured to correct the predicted value calculated by the prediction model unit; a cost function unit set with a cost function to calculate a cost by assigning a weight to a deviation between the predicted value corrected by the correction unit and the target value, and configured to calculate the cost using the cost function; and an optimization unit configured to calculate a change amount of manipulated variable that satisfies a preset constraint condition and minimizes the cost calculated by the cost function unit within a predetermined period from present to future, and to calculate the manipulated variable of the cooling apparatus based on the change amount. a first temperature detection unit configured to detect a temperature of a heat generation component in an electronic device; a cooling apparatus configured to circulate air in the electronic device and to cool the heat generation component; a second temperature detection unit configured to detect a temperature of air flowing in the electronic device; a parameter setting unit configured to set a target value of the temperature of the heat generation component; and a control unit (30, 30a, 30b) configured to calculate a predicted value of a future temperature of the heat generation component based on outputs of the first temperature detection unit and the second temperature detection unit, and a power consumption of the electronic device, and configured to determine a manipulated variable of the cooling apparatus based on the predicted value and the target value, a prediction model unit set with a prediction model to calculate the predicted value of the future temperature of the heat generation component based on the temperature of the air flowing in the electronic device, the manipulated variable, and the power consumption of the electronic device, and configured to calculate the predicted value using the prediction model; a correction unit configured to correct the predicted value calculated by the prediction model unit; a cost function unit set with a cost function to calculate a cost by assigning a weight to a deviation between the predicted value corrected by the correction unit and the target value, and configured to calculate the cost using the cost function; and an optimization unit configured to calculate a change amount of manipulated variable that satisfies a preset constraint condition and minimizes the cost calculated by the cost function unit within a predetermined period from present to future, and to calculate the manipulated variable of the cooling apparatus based on the change amount.