A super-resolution fluorescence microscopy method comprising the following steps: a) provoking a stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample to be observed, and illuminating said sample with an excitation light beam having a wavelength suitable for inducing a fluorescent emission from the activated emitters, said excitation light beam being pulsed; and b) acquiring a sequence of images of said fluorescent emission by means of an imaging system comprising a matrix image sensor comprising a plurality of pixels; the method comprises also a step of counting of photons of the fluorescent emission by means of a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP) distinct from said matrix image sensor to determine arrival delays of said photons relative to the pulses of said excitation light beam, characterized in that the time interval between two successive impulses is greater than the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent emitters, in that each photon detected by the detector or array of photon counting detectors (MDCP) is associated with a set of pixels of said plurality of pixels of said matrix image sensor; and - in that the stochastic activation of the fluorescent emitters is carried out in such a way that, during the acquisition time of a said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to a said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. a) provoking a stochastic activation of fluorescent emitters contained in a sample to be observed, and illuminating said sample with an excitation light beam having a wavelength suitable for inducing a fluorescent emission from the activated emitters, said excitation light beam being pulsed; and b) acquiring a sequence of images of said fluorescent emission by means of an imaging system comprising a matrix image sensor comprising a plurality of pixels; the method comprises also a step of counting of photons of the fluorescent emission by means of a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP) distinct from said matrix image sensor to determine arrival delays of said photons relative to the pulses of said excitation light beam, characterized in that the time interval between two successive impulses is greater than the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent emitters, in that each photon detected by the detector or array of photon counting detectors (MDCP) is associated with a set of pixels of said plurality of pixels of said matrix image sensor; and - in that the stochastic activation of the fluorescent emitters is carried out in such a way that, during the acquisition time of a said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to a said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. the method comprises also a step of counting of photons of the fluorescent emission by means of a photon-counting detector or matrix of detectors (MDCP) distinct from said matrix image sensor to determine arrival delays of said photons relative to the pulses of said excitation light beam, characterized in that the time interval between two successive impulses is greater than the fluorescence lifetime of the fluorescent emitters, in that each photon detected by the detector or array of photon counting detectors (MDCP) is associated with a set of pixels of said plurality of pixels of said matrix image sensor; and - in that the stochastic activation of the fluorescent emitters is carried out in such a way that, during the acquisition time of a said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to a said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor. - in that the stochastic activation of the fluorescent emitters is carried out in such a way that, during the acquisition time of a said image, at most one individual fluorescent emitter is activated on average in a region of the sample corresponding to a said set of pixels of the matrix image sensor.