A backscatter communication method in a backscatter communication system, the backscatter communication system including an excitation device, a backscatter device, and a receiving device, wherein the method comprises: (S301, S401) determining, by the excitation device, a first sequence; and (S302, S402) generating, by the excitation device, a first signal, and (S303, S403) sending, by the excitation device, the first signal to the backscatter device and the receiving device, wherein the first signal carries the first sequence, and the first sequence is used to perform first scrambling on backscatter device data; (S304, S404) sending, by the excitation device, first indication information to a receiving device, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate a parameter of the first sequence; wherein the backscatter device data are data stored in the backscatter device or data collected by a sensor connected to the backscatter device, wherein the parameter of the first sequence comprises at least one of the following information: a sequence type of the first sequence, an initial value of the first sequence, and a sequence shift value of the first sequence; wherein the method further comprises: (S305, S406) receiving, by the backscatter device, the first signal from the excitation device, wherein the first signal carries the first sequence, and the first sequence is used to perform first scrambling on backscatter device data; (S306, S410) modulating, by the backscatter device, the backscatter device data to the first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the second signal carries backscatter device data obtained after the first scrambling; and (S307, S411) backscattering, by the backscatter device, the second signal to the receiving device. (S301, S401) determining, by the excitation device, a first sequence; and (S302, S402) generating, by the excitation device, a first signal, and (S303, S403) sending, by the excitation device, the first signal to the backscatter device and the receiving device, wherein the first signal carries the first sequence, and the first sequence is used to perform first scrambling on backscatter device data; (S304, S404) sending, by the excitation device, first indication information to a receiving device, wherein the first indication information is used to indicate a parameter of the first sequence; wherein the backscatter device data are data stored in the backscatter device or data collected by a sensor connected to the backscatter device, wherein the parameter of the first sequence comprises at least one of the following information: a sequence type of the first sequence, an initial value of the first sequence, and a sequence shift value of the first sequence; wherein the method further comprises: (S305, S406) receiving, by the backscatter device, the first signal from the excitation device, wherein the first signal carries the first sequence, and the first sequence is used to perform first scrambling on backscatter device data; (S306, S410) modulating, by the backscatter device, the backscatter device data to the first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the second signal carries backscatter device data obtained after the first scrambling; and (S307, S411) backscattering, by the backscatter device, the second signal to the receiving device. (S305, S406) receiving, by the backscatter device, the first signal from the excitation device, wherein the first signal carries the first sequence, and the first sequence is used to perform first scrambling on backscatter device data; (S306, S410) modulating, by the backscatter device, the backscatter device data to the first signal to obtain a second signal, wherein the second signal carries backscatter device data obtained after the first scrambling; and (S307, S411) backscattering, by the backscatter device, the second signal to the receiving device.