A tapered roller bearing comprising: an outer ring including a crowned raceway surface; an inner ring including a crowned raceway surface; a plurality of tapered rollers that include crowned rolling contact surfaces and are interposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and a cage for the tapered rollers, wherein when an arithmetical mean roughness as a surface roughness of a large end face of the tapered roller is σ1 and an arithmetical mean roughness as a surface roughness of a large rib surface of the inner ring is σ2, σ1 is 0.04μm or larger, a composite roughness that is expressed by a square root of a sum of a squared value of σ1 and a squared value of σ2 is 0.17μm or smaller, a total crowning amount, which is a sum of outer ring crowning amount, inner ring crowning amount and two times of roller crowning amount, is 50μm or larger, an outer ring crowning rate, which is a rate of the outer ring crowning amount on the total crowning amount, is 40% or larger, and a roller crowning rate, which is a rate of two times of the roller crowning amount on the total crowning amount is 20% or smaller, characterized in that in the crowning of the raceway surface of the inner ring, a straight line which passes through a middle point of a chord of the crowning and a center of an arc of the crowning intersects the chord at right angles and passes through a central point of the arc of the crowning; in the crowning of the rolling contact surface of the tapered roller, a straight line which passes through a middle point of a chord of the crowning and a center of an arc of the crowning intersects the chord at right angles and passes through a central point of the arc of the crowning; and in the crowning of the raceway surface of the outer ring, a straight line which passes through a middle point of a chord of the crowning and a center of an arc of the crowning intersects the chord at right angles and passes through a central point of the arc of the crowning. an outer ring including a crowned raceway surface; an inner ring including a crowned raceway surface; a plurality of tapered rollers that include crowned rolling contact surfaces and are interposed between the outer ring and the inner ring; and a cage for the tapered rollers, wherein when an arithmetical mean roughness as a surface roughness of a large end face of the tapered roller is σ1 and an arithmetical mean roughness as a surface roughness of a large rib surface of the inner ring is σ2, σ1 is 0.04μm or larger, a composite roughness that is expressed by a square root of a sum of a squared value of σ1 and a squared value of σ2 is 0.17μm or smaller, a total crowning amount, which is a sum of outer ring crowning amount, inner ring crowning amount and two times of roller crowning amount, is 50μm or larger, an outer ring crowning rate, which is a rate of the outer ring crowning amount on the total crowning amount, is 40% or larger, and a roller crowning rate, which is a rate of two times of the roller crowning amount on the total crowning amount is 20% or smaller, characterized in that in the crowning of the raceway surface of the inner ring, a straight line which passes through a middle point of a chord of the crowning and a center of an arc of the crowning intersects the chord at right angles and passes through a central point of the arc of the crowning; in the crowning of the rolling contact surface of the tapered roller, a straight line which passes through a middle point of a chord of the crowning and a center of an arc of the crowning intersects the chord at right angles and passes through a central point of the arc of the crowning; and in the crowning of the raceway surface of the outer ring, a straight line which passes through a middle point of a chord of the crowning and a center of an arc of the crowning intersects the chord at right angles and passes through a central point of the arc of the crowning.