A compound represented by one of the following formulas, or: or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof; wherein: R t is H, a C 1 -C 8 alkyl group, an ammonium ion, an alkali metal ion, or an alkaline earth metal ion; R 84 is alkyl; R is H, CH 3, (CH 2) d CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 C NH 2, CH 2 C(OCH 3) 2, CH 2 (18-Crown-6), CH 2 (15-Crown-5), C (CH 2) d (NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2 CH 2 O) d CH 2 CH 3, (CH 2) d Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d P OH 2, (CH 2) d OCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d N(CH 3) 2, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CH(CO 2 H)(NHC NH)Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d C(CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d B 3, (CH 2) d (triazole), (CH 2) d (thiol), (CH 2) d (thioether), (CH 2) d (thiazole), (CH 2) d (tetrazole), (CH 2) d (sacharride), (CH 2) d (pyrazole), (CH 2) d (polysacharride), (CH 2) d (phosphonate), (CH 2) d (phosphinate), (CH 2) d (oxazole), (CH 2) d (oligonucleotide), (CH 2) d (nucleotide), (CH 2) d (imidazole), (CH 2) d (hydroxamic acid), (CH 2) d (CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d (CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2) d (aziridine), (CH 2) d OH, (CH 2) d OCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d O(CH 2) n CH 3, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2)(CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH=CH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (C≡C)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, CH(CO 2 H)CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2, CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H, CH 2 (CH 2) x CO 2 H, CH 2 (CH 2) x CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, or CH(CO 2 H)(CH 2) x CH(NH 2)CO 2 H; R 82, R 83, R 85, and R 86 are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2, CH 3, (CH 2) d CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 C NH 2, CH 2 C(OCH 3) 2, CH 2 (18-Crown-6), CH 2 (15-Crown-5), C (CH 2) d (NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2 CH 2 O) d CH 2 CH 3, (CH 2) d Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d P OH 2, (CH 2) d OCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d N(CH 3) 2, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CH(CO 2 H)(NHC NH)Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d C(CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d B 3, (CH 2) d (triazole), (CH 2) d (thiol), (CH 2) d (thioether), (CH 2) d (thiazole), (CH 2) d (tetrazole), (CH 2) d (sacharride), (CH 2) d (pyrazole), (CH 2) d (polysacharride), (CH 2) d (phosphonate), (CH 2) d (phosphinate), (CH 2) d (oxazole), (CH 2) d (oligonucleotide), (CH 2) d (nucleotide), (CH 2) d (imidazole), (CH 2) d (hydroxamic acid), (CH 2) d (CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d (CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2) d (aziridine), (CH 2) d OH, (CH 2) d OCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d O(CH 2) n CH 3, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2)(CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH=CH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (C≡C)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H; x is an integer from 3 to 9 inclusively; and each d is independently an integer in the range 0 to 6 inclusive; R t is H, a C 1 -C 8 alkyl group, an ammonium ion, an alkali metal ion, or an alkaline earth metal ion; R 84 is alkyl; R is H, CH 3, (CH 2) d CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 C NH 2, CH 2 C(OCH 3) 2, CH 2 (18-Crown-6), CH 2 (15-Crown-5), C (CH 2) d (NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2 CH 2 O) d CH 2 CH 3, (CH 2) d Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d P OH 2, (CH 2) d OCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d N(CH 3) 2, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CH(CO 2 H)(NHC NH)Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d C(CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d B 3, (CH 2) d (triazole), (CH 2) d (thiol), (CH 2) d (thioether), (CH 2) d (thiazole), (CH 2) d (tetrazole), (CH 2) d (sacharride), (CH 2) d (pyrazole), (CH 2) d (polysacharride), (CH 2) d (phosphonate), (CH 2) d (phosphinate), (CH 2) d (oxazole), (CH 2) d (oligonucleotide), (CH 2) d (nucleotide), (CH 2) d (imidazole), (CH 2) d (hydroxamic acid), (CH 2) d (CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d (CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2) d (aziridine), (CH 2) d OH, (CH 2) d OCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d O(CH 2) n CH 3, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2)(CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH=CH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (C≡C)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, CH(CO 2 H)CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 NH 2, CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CO 2 H, CH 2 (CH 2) x CO 2 H, CH 2 (CH 2) x CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, or CH(CO 2 H)(CH 2) x CH(NH 2)CO 2 H; R 82, R 83, R 85, and R 86 are each independently H, F, Cl, Br, I, NO 2, CH 3, (CH 2) d CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 OCH 2 CH 3, CH 2 CH 2 C NH 2, CH 2 C(OCH 3) 2, CH 2 (18-Crown-6), CH 2 (15-Crown-5), C (CH 2) d (NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2 CH 2 O) d CH 2 CH 3, (CH 2) d Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d P OH 2, (CH 2) d OCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 NH 2, (CH 2) d NHCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d N(CH 3) 2, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CO 2 H, (CH 2) d CH(CO 2 H)(NHC NH)Ph(SO 2 NH 2), (CH 2) d C(CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d B 3, (CH 2) d (triazole), (CH 2) d (thiol), (CH 2) d (thioether), (CH 2) d (thiazole), (CH 2) d (tetrazole), (CH 2) d (sacharride), (CH 2) d (pyrazole), (CH 2) d (polysacharride), (CH 2) d (phosphonate), (CH 2) d (phosphinate), (CH 2) d (oxazole), (CH 2) d (oligonucleotide), (CH 2) d (nucleotide), (CH 2) d (imidazole), (CH 2) d (hydroxamic acid), (CH 2) d (CO 2 H) 2, (CH 2) d (CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2) d (aziridine), (CH 2) d OH, (CH 2) d OCH 2 CO 2 H, (CH 2) d O(CH 2) n CH 3, (CH 2) d NH 2, (CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH 2)(CHOH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (CH=CH)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H, (C≡C)(CH 2) d CH(NH 2)CO 2 H; x is an integer from 3 to 9 inclusively; and