An image predictive decoder comprising a memory that stores a program executable by the image predictive decoder to: extract, from compressed data where an image is divided into a plurality of regions and encoded, encoded data of identification information that specifies a region that is used to produce a prediction signal of a target region, and encoded data of a residual signal; specify a neighbouring region from among a plurality of neighbouring regions that neighbour the target region based on the identification information; produce a prediction signal of the target region from a reconstructed signal of the region that is used to produce the prediction signal of the target region by using (i) mode information that specify an inter-picture prediction method, (ii) a reference picture number, and (iii) a motion vector, all of which are included in prediction information associated with the specified neighbouring region, and wherein when the neighbouring region is predicted by intra-picture prediction and the target region is predicted by inter-picture prediction, or, when the target region is predicted by intra-picture prediction and the neighbouring region is predicted by inter-picture prediction, prediction information associated with the neighbouring region is not used; restore a reproduction residual signal of the target region from the encoded data of the residual signal; produce a reproduction signal of the target region based on the prediction signal of the target region and the reproduction residual signal; and store the reproduction signal of the target region as the reconstructed signal in the memory; wherein the memory further stores a program executable by the image predictive decoder to: determine whether the target region is divided into a first partition and a second partition; and decode the encoded data of the identification information to restore the identification information, wherein, when the target region is divided into the first partition and the second partition, the neighbouring region is selected based on the identification information and the prediction information among the plurality of neighbouring regions that neighbour the target region to produce the prediction signal of the first partition. extract, from compressed data where an image is divided into a plurality of regions and encoded, encoded data of identification information that specifies a region that is used to produce a prediction signal of a target region, and encoded data of a residual signal; specify a neighbouring region from among a plurality of neighbouring regions that neighbour the target region based on the identification information; produce a prediction signal of the target region from a reconstructed signal of the region that is used to produce the prediction signal of the target region by using (i) mode information that specify an inter-picture prediction method, (ii) a reference picture number, and (iii) a motion vector, all of which are included in prediction information associated with the specified neighbouring region, and wherein when the neighbouring region is predicted by intra-picture prediction and the target region is predicted by inter-picture prediction, or, when the target region is predicted by intra-picture prediction and the neighbouring region is predicted by inter-picture prediction, prediction information associated with the neighbouring region is not used; restore a reproduction residual signal of the target region from the encoded data of the residual signal; produce a reproduction signal of the target region based on the prediction signal of the target region and the reproduction residual signal; and store the reproduction signal of the target region as the reconstructed signal in the memory; wherein the memory further stores a program executable by the image predictive decoder to: determine whether the target region is divided into a first partition and a second partition; and decode the encoded data of the identification information to restore the identification information, wherein, when the target region is divided into the first partition and the second partition, the neighbouring region is selected based on the identification information and the prediction information among the plurality of neighbouring regions that neighbour the target region to produce the prediction signal of the first partition. determine whether the target region is divided into a first partition and a second partition; and decode the encoded data of the identification information to restore the identification information, wherein, when the target region is divided into the first partition and the second partition, the neighbouring region is selected based on the identification information and the prediction information among the plurality of neighbouring regions that neighbour the target region to produce the prediction signal of the first partition.