A method for remotely sensing vibration and temperature, the method comprising: transmitting a plurality of optical pulses through a single-mode optical fiber at a predetermined frequency; injecting the optical pulses from the single-mode optical fiber into a few-mode optical fiber as a predetermined mode through a bidirectional mode multiplexer/demultiplexer; separating, by a wavelength division multiplexing filter and from the few-mode optical fiber, a plurality of backscattered Rayleigh signals based on a vibration of the few-mode optical fiber at a vibration frequency at a first location along the few-mode optical fiber; mode-demultiplexing, from the few-mode optical fiber, using the bidirectional mode multiplexer/demultiplexer, the separated backscattered Rayleigh signals; providing, using the bidirectional mode multiplexer/demultiplexer, the mode-demultiplexed Rayleigh signals to the single mode optical fiber; separating, by the wavelength division multiplexing filter and from the few-mode optical fiber, a plurality of backscattered Stokes Raman signals and Anti-Stokes Raman signals based on a temperature of the few-mode optical fiber at a second location along the few-mode optical fiber; detecting the separated Rayleigh signals, wherein detecting the separated Rayleigh signals further comprises detecting the demultiplexed separated Rayleigh signals from the single-mode optical fiber; detecting the separated Stokes Raman signals and Anti-Stokes Raman signals; determining, based on the detecting the plurality of backscattered Rayleigh traces, at least one of the first location in the few-mode optical fiber of the vibration, the vibration frequency, and an amplitude of the vibration; and determining, based on the detecting the plurality of backscattered Stokes Raman signals and Anti-Stokes Raman signals, the temperature of the few-mode fiber at the second location. transmitting a plurality of optical pulses through a single-mode optical fiber at a predetermined frequency; injecting the optical pulses from the single-mode optical fiber into a few-mode optical fiber as a predetermined mode through a bidirectional mode multiplexer/demultiplexer; separating, by a wavelength division multiplexing filter and from the few-mode optical fiber, a plurality of backscattered Rayleigh signals based on a vibration of the few-mode optical fiber at a vibration frequency at a first location along the few-mode optical fiber; mode-demultiplexing, from the few-mode optical fiber, using the bidirectional mode multiplexer/demultiplexer, the separated backscattered Rayleigh signals; providing, using the bidirectional mode multiplexer/demultiplexer, the mode-demultiplexed Rayleigh signals to the single mode optical fiber; separating, by the wavelength division multiplexing filter and from the few-mode optical fiber, a plurality of backscattered Stokes Raman signals and Anti-Stokes Raman signals based on a temperature of the few-mode optical fiber at a second location along the few-mode optical fiber; detecting the separated Rayleigh signals, wherein detecting the separated Rayleigh signals further comprises detecting the demultiplexed separated Rayleigh signals from the single-mode optical fiber; detecting the separated Stokes Raman signals and Anti-Stokes Raman signals; determining, based on the detecting the plurality of backscattered Rayleigh traces, at least one of the first location in the few-mode optical fiber of the vibration, the vibration frequency, and an amplitude of the vibration; and determining, based on the detecting the plurality of backscattered Stokes Raman signals and Anti-Stokes Raman signals, the temperature of the few-mode fiber at the second location.