A test battery comprising a test battery case, a power generating element, a positive electrode connection terminal, a negative electrode connection terminal, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, wherein the power generating element comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the test battery case houses the power generating element and the non-aqueous electrolyte, the test battery case comprising: a container for housing the power generating element and the non-aqueous electrolyte, the container having an opening for inserting the power generating element into the container; a lid member closing the opening, and a closing member detachably secured to the container so that the closing member can be detached from the container before an internal short-circuit test, each of the positive electrode connection terminal and the negative electrode connection terminal passes through the lid member, the container has an opening for inserting a short-circuit test pressing jig or a test nail into the container, the opening being closed by the closing member, the opening for inserting the power generating element and the opening for inserting the short-circuit test pressing jig or the test nail are separate from each other, and the opening for inserting the short-circuit test pressing jig or the test nail is set to a position where a test metal piece, the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode can be interposed between the container and the short-circuit test pressing jig, by inserting the short-circuit test pressing jig into the container through the opening; or a position where the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode can be interposed between the container and the test nail by inserting the test nail into the container through the opening; or a position where the test nail penetrates through the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode by inserting the test nail into the container through the opening. the power generating element comprises a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a separator interposed between the negative electrode and the positive electrode, the test battery case houses the power generating element and the non-aqueous electrolyte, the test battery case comprising: a container for housing the power generating element and the non-aqueous electrolyte, the container having an opening for inserting the power generating element into the container; a lid member closing the opening, and a closing member detachably secured to the container so that the closing member can be detached from the container before an internal short-circuit test, each of the positive electrode connection terminal and the negative electrode connection terminal passes through the lid member, the container has an opening for inserting a short-circuit test pressing jig or a test nail into the container, the opening being closed by the closing member, the opening for inserting the power generating element and the opening for inserting the short-circuit test pressing jig or the test nail are separate from each other, and the opening for inserting the short-circuit test pressing jig or the test nail is set to a position where a test metal piece, the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode can be interposed between the container and the short-circuit test pressing jig, by inserting the short-circuit test pressing jig into the container through the opening; or a position where the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode can be interposed between the container and the test nail by inserting the test nail into the container through the opening; or a position where the test nail penetrates through the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode by inserting the test nail into the container through the opening.