A method of wireless communication performed by a user equipment, UE, comprising: determining that a resource spread multiple access, RSMA, scheme is enabled; processing bits of codewords, wherein the processing includes: (i) repeating the bits of codewords to generate repeated bits, (ii) interleaving the repeated bits to generate repeated and interleaved bits, (iii) demultiplexing the repeated and interleaved bits into a plurality of processing layers for layer-specific processing in each processing layer including: applying layer specific interleaving to the repeated and interleaved bits being demultiplexed, to generate interleaved demultiplexed bits; modulating the interleaved demultiplexed bits into symbols; and symbol level spreading using one spreading sequence of a set of spreading sequences to generate symbol-level spread symbols for each processing layer; (iv) multiplexing the symbol-level spread symbols from each of the plurality of processing layers to generate multiplexed symbol-level spread symbols; and (v) scrambling the multiplexed symbol-level spread symbols using a set of scrambling sequences to generate modulated symbols; and transmitting (864, 930), based at least in part on the processing, the modulated symbols with a discrete-Fourier-transform -spread, DFT-s, waveform, the transmitted modulated symbols. determining that a resource spread multiple access, RSMA, scheme is enabled; processing bits of codewords, wherein the processing includes: (i) repeating the bits of codewords to generate repeated bits, (ii) interleaving the repeated bits to generate repeated and interleaved bits, (iii) demultiplexing the repeated and interleaved bits into a plurality of processing layers for layer-specific processing in each processing layer including: applying layer specific interleaving to the repeated and interleaved bits being demultiplexed, to generate interleaved demultiplexed bits; modulating the interleaved demultiplexed bits into symbols; and symbol level spreading using one spreading sequence of a set of spreading sequences to generate symbol-level spread symbols for each processing layer; (iv) multiplexing the symbol-level spread symbols from each of the plurality of processing layers to generate multiplexed symbol-level spread symbols; and (v) scrambling the multiplexed symbol-level spread symbols using a set of scrambling sequences to generate modulated symbols; and (i) repeating the bits of codewords to generate repeated bits, (ii) interleaving the repeated bits to generate repeated and interleaved bits, (iii) demultiplexing the repeated and interleaved bits into a plurality of processing layers for layer-specific processing in each processing layer including: applying layer specific interleaving to the repeated and interleaved bits being demultiplexed, to generate interleaved demultiplexed bits; modulating the interleaved demultiplexed bits into symbols; and symbol level spreading using one spreading sequence of a set of spreading sequences to generate symbol-level spread symbols for each processing layer; applying layer specific interleaving to the repeated and interleaved bits being demultiplexed, to generate interleaved demultiplexed bits; modulating the interleaved demultiplexed bits into symbols; and symbol level spreading using one spreading sequence of a set of spreading sequences to generate symbol-level spread symbols for each processing layer; (iv) multiplexing the symbol-level spread symbols from each of the plurality of processing layers to generate multiplexed symbol-level spread symbols; and (v) scrambling the multiplexed symbol-level spread symbols using a set of scrambling sequences to generate modulated symbols; and transmitting (864, 930), based at least in part on the processing, the modulated symbols with a discrete-Fourier-transform -spread, DFT-s, waveform, the transmitted modulated symbols.