A carbonate-containing epoxy resin, characterized in comprising a structure represented by formula or formula: wherein R 1, R 2, R 7 and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an allyl group, an alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, a and b are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, e and f are each independently an integer from 0 to 5; wherein X is a single bond, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a sulfonyl group, a thionyl group, an acyl group, the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorenyl group or a structure represented by formula (i) or formula (ii): wherein X 1 is the hydrogen atom, the alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms; wherein Y is an alkyl chain of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyl ether chain of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, isocyanurate or a structure represented by formula (iii), formula (iv) or formula (v): wherein R 3 and R 4 are each independently the hydrogen atom, the alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the allyl group, the alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms or the halogen atom, R 5 is the hydrogen atom, the alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the allyl group or the alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 6 is a methylene group, a alkyl group of 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, c and d are each independently an integer from 0 to 4; wherein Z is the single bond, the alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, the oxygen atom, the sulfur atom, the sulfonyl group, the thionyl group, the acyl group, the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorenyl group or the structure represented by formula (i) or formula (ii); wherein n is a degree of polymerization, and 1 ≤ n ≤ 500, p is an integer from 1 to 11, q is an integer from 0 to 20, and r is an integer from 1 to 15. wherein R 1, R 2, R 7 and R 8 are each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an allyl group, an alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms or a halogen atom, a and b are each independently an integer from 0 to 4, e and f are each independently an integer from 0 to 5; wherein X is a single bond, an alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a sulfonyl group, a thionyl group, an acyl group, the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorenyl group or a structure represented by formula (i) or formula (ii): wherein X 1 is the hydrogen atom, the alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms; wherein Y is an alkyl chain of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkyl ether chain of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, isocyanurate or a structure represented by formula (iii), formula (iv) or formula (v): wherein R 3 and R 4 are each independently the hydrogen atom, the alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the allyl group, the alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms or the halogen atom, R 5 is the hydrogen atom, the alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, the allyl group or the alkoxy group of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 6 is a methylene group, a alkyl group of 5 to 12 carbon atoms or a cycloalkyl group of 5 to 12 carbon atoms, c and d are each independently an integer from 0 to 4; wherein Z is the single bond, the alkyl group of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, the cycloalkyl group of 3 to 12 carbon atoms, the oxygen atom, the sulfur atom, the sulfonyl group, the thionyl group, the acyl group, the aryl group of 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a fluorenyl group or the structure represented by formula (i) or formula (ii); wherein n is a degree of polymerization, and 1 ≤ n ≤ 500, p is an integer from 1 to 11, q is an integer from 0 to 20, and r is an integer from 1 to 15.