Device for centring and guiding the rotation of a turbine engine shaft, including: - a rolling bearing including an outer race; - a bearing bracket (20, 24, 26) surrounding the outer race; - a protecting ring interposed between the outer race and the bearing bracket; - means for coupling the outer race to the bearing bracket, the coupling means including an fastening flange of annular shape mounted on the bearing bracket and elastically deformable means connecting the outer race to the fastening flange; and - retaining means for axially retaining the outer race in the event of breakage of said elastically deformable means; characterised in that the retaining means include: - first means (52,108,120) separate from the protecting ring and having a radially inner part (54, 62, 74, 102, 110, 124) engaged in at least one recess (56, 88) formed in a radially outer surface of the outer race, and a radially outer part (58, 64, 114, 126) that extends projecting radially outwards with respect to the radially outer surface of the outer race such that in the event of breakage of the elastically deformable means, the fastening flange opposes an axial movement of said radially outer part of the first means in a first direction oriented towards the elastically deformable means, and the bearing bracket opposes an axial movement of said radially outer part (58, 64, 114, 126) of the first means in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and - a retaining element (72, 30) separate from the protecting ring and configured axially opposite the radially outer part (58, 64, 114, 126) of the first means so as to form an abutment opposing the axial movement of the first means in said first direction. - a rolling bearing including an outer race; - a bearing bracket (20, 24, 26) surrounding the outer race; - a protecting ring interposed between the outer race and the bearing bracket; - means for coupling the outer race to the bearing bracket, the coupling means including an fastening flange of annular shape mounted on the bearing bracket and elastically deformable means connecting the outer race to the fastening flange; and - retaining means for axially retaining the outer race in the event of breakage of said elastically deformable means; - first means (52,108,120) separate from the protecting ring and having a radially inner part (54, 62, 74, 102, 110, 124) engaged in at least one recess (56, 88) formed in a radially outer surface of the outer race, and a radially outer part (58, 64, 114, 126) that extends projecting radially outwards with respect to the radially outer surface of the outer race such that in the event of breakage of the elastically deformable means, the fastening flange opposes an axial movement of said radially outer part of the first means in a first direction oriented towards the elastically deformable means, and the bearing bracket opposes an axial movement of said radially outer part (58, 64, 114, 126) of the first means in a second direction opposite to the first direction, and - a retaining element (72, 30) separate from the protecting ring and configured axially opposite the radially outer part (58, 64, 114, 126) of the first means so as to form an abutment opposing the axial movement of the first means in said first direction.