A reference signal transmission method, comprising: determining, by a first base station, at least one target subframe on a target frequency band, wherein the target frequency band is a frequency band whose uplink and downlink transmission directions are configurable, and uplink-downlink timeslot configurations and/or transmission directions of the first base station and a neighboring second base station in the at least one target subframe are different; and sending, by the first base station, a first reference signal to a first user equipment UE in the at least one target subframe, wherein the first UE is a UE served by the first base station; receiving, by the first base station, first scheduling information that is intended for a second UE and that is sent by the second base station; determining, by the first base station, a measurement subframe from the at least one target subframe, wherein the measurement subframe is a subframe in which interference measurement is performed between the first UE and the second UE, and the second UE is a UE that is served by the second base station and that causes interference to the first UE; sending, by the first base station, target configuration information to the first UE, wherein the target configuration information is used to indicate the measurement subframe and the first scheduling information, so that the first UE performs, in the measurement subframe, measurement on a first signal transmitted by the second UE, and obtains a measurement result, and determines interference measurement information based on the measurement result; receiving, by the first base station, the interference measurement informations or the measurement result sent by the first UE; determining, by the first base station, second scheduling information based on the interference measurement information or the measurement result and the first scheduling information, and sending the second scheduling information to the first UE, so that the first UE cancels or suppresses signal interference from the second UE based on the second scheduling information. determining, by a first base station, at least one target subframe on a target frequency band, wherein the target frequency band is a frequency band whose uplink and downlink transmission directions are configurable, and uplink-downlink timeslot configurations and/or transmission directions of the first base station and a neighboring second base station in the at least one target subframe are different; and sending, by the first base station, a first reference signal to a first user equipment UE in the at least one target subframe, wherein the first UE is a UE served by the first base station; receiving, by the first base station, first scheduling information that is intended for a second UE and that is sent by the second base station; determining, by the first base station, a measurement subframe from the at least one target subframe, wherein the measurement subframe is a subframe in which interference measurement is performed between the first UE and the second UE, and the second UE is a UE that is served by the second base station and that causes interference to the first UE; sending, by the first base station, target configuration information to the first UE, wherein the target configuration information is used to indicate the measurement subframe and the first scheduling information, so that the first UE performs, in the measurement subframe, measurement on a first signal transmitted by the second UE, and obtains a measurement result, and determines interference measurement information based on the measurement result; receiving, by the first base station, the interference measurement informations or the measurement result sent by the first UE; determining, by the first base station, second scheduling information based on the interference measurement information or the measurement result and the first scheduling information, and sending the second scheduling information to the first UE, so that the first UE cancels or suppresses signal interference from the second UE based on the second scheduling information.