An aqueous, cationically stabilized primary dispersion, comprising dispersed polymer particles which i. have a number average particle diameter of from 5 to 500 nm, and ii. are obtainable by emulsion polymerization of at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer, wherein the emulsion polymerization takes place in the presence of one or more emulsifiers which have the following general formula: R 1 -N ⊕ (R 2)(R 3)(R 4) X ⊖, where R 1 is a group which contains at least one aromatic group and at least one aliphatic group, has 15 to 40 carbon atoms, contains at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups and has at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond, wherein the group R 1 has the structure Gr ali1 -Gr arom -Gr ali2 -, where Grarom represents an aromatic group, Gr ali1 represents a first aliphatic group and Gr ali2 represents a second aliphatic group and wherein the group R 1 in the aliphatic group Gr ali1 has the at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond and in the aliphatic group Gr ali2 has the at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, the same or different aliphatic groups having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and X ⊖ represents the acid anion of an organic or inorganic acid HX. dispersed polymer particles which i. have a number average particle diameter of from 5 to 500 nm, and ii. are obtainable by emulsion polymerization of at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer, wherein the emulsion polymerization takes place in the presence of one or more emulsifiers which have the following general formula: R 1 -N ⊕ (R 2)(R 3)(R 4) X ⊖, where R 1 is a group which contains at least one aromatic group and at least one aliphatic group, has 15 to 40 carbon atoms, contains at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups and has at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond, wherein the group R 1 has the structure Gr ali1 -Gr arom -Gr ali2 -, where Grarom represents an aromatic group, Gr ali1 represents a first aliphatic group and Gr ali2 represents a second aliphatic group and wherein the group R 1 in the aliphatic group Gr ali1 has the at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond and in the aliphatic group Gr ali2 has the at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, the same or different aliphatic groups having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and X ⊖ represents the acid anion of an organic or inorganic acid HX. i. have a number average particle diameter of from 5 to 500 nm, and ii. are obtainable by emulsion polymerization of at least one olefinically unsaturated monomer, wherein the emulsion polymerization takes place in the presence of one or more emulsifiers which have the following general formula: R 1 -N ⊕ (R 2)(R 3)(R 4) X ⊖, where R 1 is a group which contains at least one aromatic group and at least one aliphatic group, has 15 to 40 carbon atoms, contains at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups and has at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond, wherein the group R 1 has the structure Gr ali1 -Gr arom -Gr ali2 -, where Grarom represents an aromatic group, Gr ali1 represents a first aliphatic group and Gr ali2 represents a second aliphatic group and wherein the group R 1 in the aliphatic group Gr ali1 has the at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond and in the aliphatic group Gr ali2 has the at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, the same or different aliphatic groups having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and X ⊖ represents the acid anion of an organic or inorganic acid HX. R 1 is a group which contains at least one aromatic group and at least one aliphatic group, has 15 to 40 carbon atoms, contains at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups and has at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond, wherein the group R 1 has the structure Gr ali1 -Gr arom -Gr ali2 -, where Grarom represents an aromatic group, Gr ali1 represents a first aliphatic group and Gr ali2 represents a second aliphatic group and wherein the group R 1 in the aliphatic group Gr ali1 has the at least one carbon-carbon multiple bond and in the aliphatic group Gr ali2 has the at least one functional group selected from hydroxyl groups, thiol groups and primary or secondary amino groups, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are, independently of one another, the same or different aliphatic groups having 1 to 14 carbon atoms, and X ⊖ represents the acid anion of an organic or inorganic acid HX.