A carbon fiber-reinforced resin composition comprising: sizing agent-coated carbon fibers in which carbon fibers are coated with a sizing agent; and a matrix resin comprising a thermoplastic resin or a radical polymerizable resin, wherein the sizing agent comprises at least an aliphatic epoxy compound and an aromatic epoxy compound as an aromatic compound, the aliphatic epoxy compound is a polyether polyepoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule and/or a polyol polyepoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule, for example a glycidyl ether epoxy compound obtained by causing epichlorohydrin to react with a compound selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, polybutylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, diglycerol, polyglycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and arabitol, the aromatic epoxy compound is a phenol novolac epoxy compound, a cresol novolac epoxy compound, tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, a bisphenol A epoxy compound or a bisphenol F epoxy compound, a mass ratio of the aliphatic epoxy compound and the aromatic epoxy compound in the sizing agent is 52/48 to 80/20; the sizing agent-coated carbon fibers have a ratio (a) / (b) of 0.50 to 0.90 where (a) is a height (cps) of a component having a binding energy (284.6 eV) attributed to CHx, C-C, and C=C and (b) is a height (cps) of a component having binding energy (286.1 eV) attributed to C-O in a C 1s core spectrum of a surface of the sizing agent of the sizing agent-coated carbon fibers measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using AlKα 1,2 as an X-ray source at a photoelectron takeoff angle of 15°, and when the the matrix resin is a thermoplastic resin, it comprises one or more resins selected from a polyarylene sulfide resin, a polyether ether ketone resin, a polyphenylene ether resin, a polyoxymethylene resin, a polyester resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polystyrene resin and a polyolefin resin, or a polyamide; and when the matrix resin is a radical polymerizable resin, the carbon fiber-reinforced resin composition is the following form of molding material: the molding material: a molding material in which the carbon fibers are in a bundle-like form and that is oriented in two dimensions. sizing agent-coated carbon fibers in which carbon fibers are coated with a sizing agent; and a matrix resin comprising a thermoplastic resin or a radical polymerizable resin, wherein the sizing agent comprises at least an aliphatic epoxy compound and an aromatic epoxy compound as an aromatic compound, the aliphatic epoxy compound is a polyether polyepoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule and/or a polyol polyepoxy compound having two or more epoxy groups in a molecule, for example a glycidyl ether epoxy compound obtained by causing epichlorohydrin to react with a compound selected from ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, tetrapropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, trimethylene glycol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, polybutylene glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, glycerol, diglycerol, polyglycerol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, sorbitol, and arabitol, the aromatic epoxy compound is a phenol novolac epoxy compound, a cresol novolac epoxy compound, tetraglycidyldiaminodiphenylmethane, a bisphenol A epoxy compound or a bisphenol F epoxy compound, a mass ratio of the aliphatic epoxy compound and the aromatic epoxy compound in the sizing agent is 52/48 to 80/20; the sizing agent-coated carbon fibers have a ratio (a) / (b) of 0.50 to 0.90 where (a) is a height (cps) of a component having a binding energy (284.6 eV) attributed to CHx, C-C, and C=C and (b) is a height (cps) of a component having binding energy (286.1 eV) attributed to C-O in a C 1s core spectrum of a surface of the sizing agent of the sizing agent-coated carbon fibers measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy using AlKα 1,2 as an X-ray source at a photoelectron takeoff angle of 15°, and when the the matrix resin is a thermoplastic resin, it comprises one or more resins selected from a polyarylene sulfide resin, a polyether ether ketone resin, a polyphenylene ether resin, a polyoxymethylene resin, a polyester resin, a polycarbonate resin, a polystyrene resin and a polyolefin resin, or a polyamide; and when the matrix resin is a radical polymerizable resin, the carbon fiber-reinforced resin composition is the following form of molding material: the molding material: a molding material in which the carbon fibers are in a bundle-like form and that is oriented in two dimensions. the molding material: a molding material in which the carbon fibers are in a bundle-like form and that is oriented in two dimensions.