An inorganic-organic hybrid core-shell nanorod, comprising a nanorod inner core composed of a metal oxide and a nanorod outer shell composed of an inorganic-organic complex containing carbon and nitrogen atoms, wherein the metal oxide composing the nanorod inner core is titanium dioxide TiO 2, wherein the nanorod outer shell comprises four components B, C, D and E, wherein the component B is iodine, the component C is an alkali metal halide or an alkaline earth metal halide, the component D is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic carboxylic acid or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic carboxylic acid ester, and the component E is a modified cellulose, and a mass ratio of the components B: C: D: E is (0.2-5):1:(0.4-3):(0. 5-5); the inorganic-organic hybrid core-shell nanorod is prepared by a method that uses isoamyl acetate as a solvent and uses a lower alcohol with less than 8 carbon atoms and distilled water as a charge balancing agent, as a mass ratio of the titanium dioxide TiO 2: the component B: the component C: the component D: the component E: the lower alcohol: water: isoamyl acetate is (0.01-1.5):(0.2-5):1:(0.4-3):(0.5-5):(0.1-8):(0.01-5):, and the method comprises the following steps: a. adding the component E, the component B, the isoamyl acetate, the component C, and the titanium dioxide TiO 2 at the mass ratio into a glass flask, then heating to 5-150°C, adding a lower alcohol, distilled water, and the component D after the iodine is dissolved, continuing the heating to keep the temperature, and stirring to react for 0.1-20 h, and then cooling naturally; b. centrifuging the reaction solution at 1350 G for 0.5 h to remove the large-particle products, and then centrifuging the supernatant at 18000 G for 5 h, and discarding the supernatant to obtain the inorganic-organic hybrid core-shell nanorod. wherein the nanorod outer shell comprises four components B, C, D and E, wherein the component B is iodine, the component C is an alkali metal halide or an alkaline earth metal halide, the component D is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic carboxylic acid or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic carboxylic acid ester, and the component E is a modified cellulose, and a mass ratio of the components B: C: D: E is (0.2-5):1:(0.4-3):(0. 5-5); the inorganic-organic hybrid core-shell nanorod is prepared by a method that uses isoamyl acetate as a solvent and uses a lower alcohol with less than 8 carbon atoms and distilled water as a charge balancing agent, as a mass ratio of the titanium dioxide TiO 2: the component B: the component C: the component D: the component E: the lower alcohol: water: isoamyl acetate is (0.01-1.5):(0.2-5):1:(0.4-3):(0.5-5):(0.1-8):(0.01-5):, and the method comprises the following steps: a. adding the component E, the component B, the isoamyl acetate, the component C, and the titanium dioxide TiO 2 at the mass ratio into a glass flask, then heating to 5-150°C, adding a lower alcohol, distilled water, and the component D after the iodine is dissolved, continuing the heating to keep the temperature, and stirring to react for 0.1-20 h, and then cooling naturally; b. centrifuging the reaction solution at 1350 G for 0.5 h to remove the large-particle products, and then centrifuging the supernatant at 18000 G for 5 h, and discarding the supernatant to obtain the inorganic-organic hybrid core-shell nanorod. a. adding the component E, the component B, the isoamyl acetate, the component C, and the titanium dioxide TiO 2 at the mass ratio into a glass flask, then heating to 5-150°C, adding a lower alcohol, distilled water, and the component D after the iodine is dissolved, continuing the heating to keep the temperature, and stirring to react for 0.1-20 h, and then cooling naturally; b. centrifuging the reaction solution at 1350 G for 0.5 h to remove the large-particle products, and then centrifuging the supernatant at 18000 G for 5 h, and discarding the supernatant to obtain the inorganic-organic hybrid core-shell nanorod.