A paint or coating composition, comprising: a film-forming polymer; water; and a compound of formula: wherein: R 1 is -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH=CH 2, or -CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 -CH 3; and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH(O-R 4)-CH 3, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 5, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-R 6, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 8, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OR 9, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OR 10, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OR 14), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OR 14); and R 4, R 5, R 6, R 8, R 9, R 10, R 11, R 12, R 13, and R 14 are independently methyl or ethyl. a film-forming polymer; water; and a compound of formula: wherein: R 1 is -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH=CH 2, or -CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 -CH 3; and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH(O-R 4)-CH 3, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 5, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-R 6, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 8, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OR 9, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OR 10, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OR 14), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OR 14); and R 4, R 5, R 6, R 8, R 9, R 10, R 11, R 12, R 13, and R 14 are independently methyl or ethyl. R 1 is -CH 2 -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH=CH 2, or -CH 2 -CH=CH-CH 2 -CH 3; and R 2 is selected from the group consisting of: -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH(O-R 4)-CH 3, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 5, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-R 6, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 8, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OR 9, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OR 10, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OR 14), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OR 14); and -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH -CH 3, -CH 2 -CH(O-R 4)-CH 3, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 5, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -O-R 6, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -OR 8, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -C(-CH 3) 2 -CH 2 -OR 9, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -CH(-CH 3)-CH 2 -CH 2 -OR 10, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OH)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH(-OR 12)-CH 2 -OR 11, -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OH), -CH(-CH 2 -OH)(-CH 2 -OR 14), -CH(-CH 2 -OR 13)(-CH 2 -OR 14); and R 4, R 5, R 6, R 8, R 9, R 10, R 11, R 12, R 13, and R 14 are independently methyl or ethyl.