Use of a long-term storage medium for culturing obligate anaerobic bacteria or microaerobic bacteria under aerobic environment, wherein the storage medium comprises ascorbic acid as a reducing agent; glycine and magnesium sulfate as a first growth-supporting; and arginine and sodium sulfite as a second growth-supporting agent in a basal medium; wherein the concentration of ascorbic acid is 0.16-2.7 g/L; wherein the concentration of sodium sulfite is 0.01-1.0 g/L; and wherein the obligate anaerobic bacteria is C. difficile, and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 6.0 g/L of mannitol, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g/L of sodium taurocholate, 250 mg/L of cycloserine, 8.0 mg/L of cefoxitin; wherein the obligate anaerobic bacteria is C. perfringens, and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 6.0 g/L of fructose, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g/L of sodium taurocholate, 400 mg/L of cycloserine; wherein the obligate anaerobic bacteria is B. fragilis, and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 6.0 g/L of fructose, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of di sodium hydrogen phosphate, 5 mg/L of vancomycin, 20 mg/L of gentamicin; or wherein the microaerobic bacteria is H. pylori, and and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 5 mg/L of vancomycin, 2.5 mg/L of trimethoprim, 5 mg/L of amphotericin B. wherein the storage medium comprises ascorbic acid as a reducing agent; glycine and magnesium sulfate as a first growth-supporting; and arginine and sodium sulfite as a second growth-supporting agent in a basal medium; wherein the concentration of ascorbic acid is 0.16-2.7 g/L; wherein the concentration of sodium sulfite is 0.01-1.0 g/L; and wherein the obligate anaerobic bacteria is C. difficile, and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 6.0 g/L of mannitol, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g/L of sodium taurocholate, 250 mg/L of cycloserine, 8.0 mg/L of cefoxitin; wherein the obligate anaerobic bacteria is C. perfringens, and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 6.0 g/L of fructose, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 g/L of sodium taurocholate, 400 mg/L of cycloserine; wherein the obligate anaerobic bacteria is B. fragilis, and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 6.0 g/L of fructose, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of di sodium hydrogen phosphate, 5 mg/L of vancomycin, 20 mg/L of gentamicin; or wherein the microaerobic bacteria is H. pylori, and and the basal medium comprise the components: 27.5 g/L of peptone, 2.0 g/L of glucose, 5.0 g/L of sodium chloride, 1.0 g/L of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5.0 g/L of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 5 mg/L of vancomycin, 2.5 mg/L of trimethoprim, 5 mg/L of amphotericin B.