A rapid prototyping 3D printing apparatus based on a metal carbonyl complex, characterized by comprising: a gas inlet, a glove box, a nozzle, a deposition table, a platform heater, a gas-liquid collector, a collector exhaust pipe, a gas outlet pipe, a gas condenser, a nozzle control line, a servo mechanism, a servo mechanism control line, a liquid-state metal carbonyl complex control line, a computer, a solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution control line, a solution heater, a flowmeter I, a solution storage tank, a liquid storage tank, a flowmeter II, a liquid-state metal carbonyl complex conveying pipe, a solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution conveying pipe, a liquid heater, a drive pump, and a glove box operation opening, wherein the gas inlet is mounted at a bottom of the glove box, the glove box operation opening is provided on the glove box, the gas outlet pipe is mounted at an upper part of the glove box, the gas condenser is mounted on the gas outlet pipe, the gas-liquid collector is connected at an end of the gas outlet pipe, and the collector exhaust pipe is mounted on the gas-liquid collector; the platform heater is placed inside the glove box, the deposition table is mounted on the platform heater, the nozzle is arranged above the deposition table, the servo mechanism is connected with the computer via the servo mechanism control line, the nozzle is connected with the servo mechanism via the nozzle control line, the drive pump is connected with the nozzle, and the drive pump is connected with the computer via the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution control line and the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex control line; the flowmeter I is arranged on the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution conveying pipe, the solution heater is arranged on the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution conveying pipe, and the solution storage tank is connected with the drive pump via the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution conveying pipe; and the flowmeter II is arranged on the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex conveying pipe, the liquid heater is arranged on the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex conveying pipe, and the liquid storage tank is connected with the drive pump via the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex conveying pipe. wherein the gas inlet is mounted at a bottom of the glove box, the glove box operation opening is provided on the glove box, the gas outlet pipe is mounted at an upper part of the glove box, the gas condenser is mounted on the gas outlet pipe, the gas-liquid collector is connected at an end of the gas outlet pipe, and the collector exhaust pipe is mounted on the gas-liquid collector; the platform heater is placed inside the glove box, the deposition table is mounted on the platform heater, the nozzle is arranged above the deposition table, the servo mechanism is connected with the computer via the servo mechanism control line, the nozzle is connected with the servo mechanism via the nozzle control line, the drive pump is connected with the nozzle, and the drive pump is connected with the computer via the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution control line and the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex control line; the flowmeter I is arranged on the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution conveying pipe, the solution heater is arranged on the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution conveying pipe, and the solution storage tank is connected with the drive pump via the solid-state metal carbonyl complex-diethyl ether solution conveying pipe; and the flowmeter II is arranged on the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex conveying pipe, the liquid heater is arranged on the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex conveying pipe, and the liquid storage tank is connected with the drive pump via the liquid-state metal carbonyl complex conveying pipe.