A method for recognizing a special road condition, applied to a terminal device, and comprising: obtaining (S203, S506), map data at a current moment, wherein the map data comprises a first road area at the current moment, the first road area is a road area in which the special road condition is located,; and determining (S204, S507), based on a planned route of a vehicle, whether a second road area exists in the planned route of the vehicle, wherein the second road area is a road area in the first road area, wherein the first road area is obtained based on a road condition model and a vehicle parameter within a preset time period before the current moment and the road condition model is used to represent a correspondence between a feature of the vehicle parameter and the special road condition, and the vehicle is an autonomous vehicle, the second road area exists in the planned route of the vehicle, and the method further comprises: generating a driving instruction, wherein the driving instruction is used to indicate a driving behavior of the vehicle; and when the vehicle travels to the second road area, controlling traveling of the vehicle based on the driving instruction;wherein there are a plurality of road condition models, the map data further comprises description information about the special road condition in the first road area, the description information is used to describe a scenario type of the special road condition, and the generating a driving instruction comprises: generating the driving instruction based on description information about a special road condition in the second road area, wherein the driving behavior indicated by the driving instruction is the same as a driving behavior indicated by a feature of a historical vehicle parameter used to obtain a target road condition model, and the target road condition model is a model for determining the second road area as the special road condition. obtaining (S203, S506), map data at a current moment, wherein the map data comprises a first road area at the current moment, the first road area is a road area in which the special road condition is located,; and determining (S204, S507), based on a planned route of a vehicle, whether a second road area exists in the planned route of the vehicle, wherein the second road area is a road area in the first road area, wherein the first road area is obtained based on a road condition model and a vehicle parameter within a preset time period before the current moment and the road condition model is used to represent a correspondence between a feature of the vehicle parameter and the special road condition, and the vehicle is an autonomous vehicle, the second road area exists in the planned route of the vehicle, and the method further comprises: generating a driving instruction, wherein the driving instruction is used to indicate a driving behavior of the vehicle; and when the vehicle travels to the second road area, controlling traveling of the vehicle based on the driving instruction;wherein there are a plurality of road condition models, the map data further comprises description information about the special road condition in the first road area, the description information is used to describe a scenario type of the special road condition, and the generating a driving instruction comprises: generating a driving instruction, wherein the driving instruction is used to indicate a driving behavior of the vehicle; and when the vehicle travels to the second road area, controlling traveling of the vehicle based on the driving instruction;wherein there are a plurality of road condition models, the map data further comprises description information about the special road condition in the first road area, the description information is used to describe a scenario type of the special road condition, and the generating a driving instruction comprises: generating the driving instruction based on description information about a special road condition in the second road area, wherein the driving behavior indicated by the driving instruction is the same as a driving behavior indicated by a feature of a historical vehicle parameter used to obtain a target road condition model, and the target road condition model is a model for determining the second road area as the special road condition.