A nanopore sensor comprising: a nanopore disposed in a support structure, the nanopore having a nanopore radius, r pore, and a nanopore length, l pore, and the nanopore having a nanopore resistance, R Pore; a first fluidic reservoir including a fluidic solution having a first ionic concentration; a fluidic passage disposed between the first fluidic reservoir and the nanopore to fluidically connect the first fluidic reservoir to the nanopore through the fluidic passage, the fluidic passage having a fluidic passage resistance, R FP, that is at least 10% of the nanopore resistance, R Pore, and no more than 10 times the nanopore resistance, R Pore; a second fluidic reservoir including a fluidic solution having a second ionic concentration, the second fluidic reservoir being fluidically connected to the nanopore, with the nanopore providing fluidic connection between the fluidic passage and the second fluidic reservoir; wherein the fluidic passage has a fluidic passage radius, r FP, along at least a portion of a fluidic passage length, l FP, the fluidic passage length being greater than the fluidic passage radius; electrodes (13, 15) connected in the first and second reservoirs to impose an electrical potential difference across the nanopore, between the first and second fluidic reservoirs; and wherein the nanopore sensor is characterized in that: the nanopore sensor further comprises at least one electrical transduction element disposed at a location within the fluidic passage with a connection to measure electrical potential local to the fluidic passage. a nanopore disposed in a support structure, the nanopore having a nanopore radius, r pore, and a nanopore length, l pore, and the nanopore having a nanopore resistance, R Pore; a first fluidic reservoir including a fluidic solution having a first ionic concentration; a fluidic passage disposed between the first fluidic reservoir and the nanopore to fluidically connect the first fluidic reservoir to the nanopore through the fluidic passage, the fluidic passage having a fluidic passage resistance, R FP, that is at least 10% of the nanopore resistance, R Pore, and no more than 10 times the nanopore resistance, R Pore; a second fluidic reservoir including a fluidic solution having a second ionic concentration, the second fluidic reservoir being fluidically connected to the nanopore, with the nanopore providing fluidic connection between the fluidic passage and the second fluidic reservoir; wherein the fluidic passage has a fluidic passage radius, r FP, along at least a portion of a fluidic passage length, l FP, the fluidic passage length being greater than the fluidic passage radius; electrodes (13, 15) connected in the first and second reservoirs to impose an electrical potential difference across the nanopore, between the first and second fluidic reservoirs; and wherein the nanopore sensor is characterized in that: the nanopore sensor further comprises at least one electrical transduction element disposed at a location within the fluidic passage with a connection to measure electrical potential local to the fluidic passage. the nanopore sensor further comprises at least one electrical transduction element disposed at a location within the fluidic passage with a connection to measure electrical potential local to the fluidic passage.