An imaging apparatus for imaging a raw sample as an imaging object carried together with liquid in a sample container with a bottom surface (Wb) having optical transparency, the apparatus comprising: a holder for holding the sample container; an imaging optical system (131, 132, 133, 135), arranged to face the sample container held by the holder, that has an object-side hypercentric property; a two-dimensional imaging element for imaging an image of the imaging object focused by the imaging optical system; an illuminator for illuminating the imaging object from a side opposite to the imaging optical system across the sample container held by the holder; a mover configured to integrally move the imaging optical system, the two-dimensional imaging element and the illuminator relative to the imaging object in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of the imaging optical system; and a controller configured to control the two-dimensional imaging element, the mover and the illuminator, characterized in that: the illuminator includes a plurality of illumination optical systems (100, 110) that have mutually different exit pupil positions and coaxially emit lights toward the imaging object; and the controller is configured to cause one of the plurality of illumination optical systems (100, 110) to emit light and to cause the two-dimensional imaging element to image the imaging object when a relative position of the imaging optical system with respect to the imaging object reaches any one of a plurality of imaging positions determined in advance while causing the mover to integrally move the imaging optical system, the two-dimensional imaging element and the illuminator relative to the imaging object; and to switch the illumination optical system for emitting the light according to the imaging position. a holder for holding the sample container; an imaging optical system (131, 132, 133, 135), arranged to face the sample container held by the holder, that has an object-side hypercentric property; a two-dimensional imaging element for imaging an image of the imaging object focused by the imaging optical system; an illuminator for illuminating the imaging object from a side opposite to the imaging optical system across the sample container held by the holder; a mover configured to integrally move the imaging optical system, the two-dimensional imaging element and the illuminator relative to the imaging object in a direction orthogonal to an optical axis of the imaging optical system; and a controller configured to control the two-dimensional imaging element, the mover and the illuminator, characterized in that: the illuminator includes a plurality of illumination optical systems (100, 110) that have mutually different exit pupil positions and coaxially emit lights toward the imaging object; and the controller is configured to cause one of the plurality of illumination optical systems (100, 110) to emit light and to cause the two-dimensional imaging element to image the imaging object when a relative position of the imaging optical system with respect to the imaging object reaches any one of a plurality of imaging positions determined in advance while causing the mover to integrally move the imaging optical system, the two-dimensional imaging element and the illuminator relative to the imaging object; and to switch the illumination optical system for emitting the light according to the imaging position. the illuminator includes a plurality of illumination optical systems (100, 110) that have mutually different exit pupil positions and coaxially emit lights toward the imaging object; and the controller is configured to cause one of the plurality of illumination optical systems (100, 110) to emit light and to cause the two-dimensional imaging element to image the imaging object when a relative position of the imaging optical system with respect to the imaging object reaches any one of a plurality of imaging positions determined in advance while causing the mover to integrally move the imaging optical system, the two-dimensional imaging element and the illuminator relative to the imaging object; and to switch the illumination optical system for emitting the light according to the imaging position.