A method of making a treated article having a metal surface, the method comprising: treating the metal surface with a primer composition comprising a secondary or tertiary amino-functional compound having at least two independently selected silane groups to provide a primed metal surface, wherein the secondary or tertiary amino-functional compound is represented by formula (R 3) 2 N-R 1 -[Si p (R 2) 3-p] q wherein R 1 is a multivalent alkylene group optionally interrupted by one or more -O- groups or up to three -NR 3 - groups; R 2 is alkyl or arylalkylenyl; each R 3 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, or -R 1 -[Si p (R 2) 3-p]; Y is alkoxy, acyloxy, aryloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, halogen, or hydroxyl; p is 1, 2, or 3; and q is 1, 2, or 3, with the provisos that at least two independently selected -Si p (R 2) 3-p groups are present and that both R 3 groups are not hydrogen; and subsequently treating the primed metal surface with a treatment composition comprising a fluorinated compound represented by formula: Rf{-X-[Si 3-x x] y} z wherein: Rf is a polyfluoropolyether group; X is a divalent or trivalent organic linking group; each Y is independently halogen, alkoxy, hydroxyl, acyloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, or aryloxy; R is an alkyl group having up to 8 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; x is 0 or 1 or 2; y is a value from 1 to 8; and z is 1 or 2. treating the metal surface with a primer composition comprising a secondary or tertiary amino-functional compound having at least two independently selected silane groups to provide a primed metal surface, wherein the secondary or tertiary amino-functional compound is represented by formula (R 3) 2 N-R 1 -[Si p (R 2) 3-p] q wherein R 1 is a multivalent alkylene group optionally interrupted by one or more -O- groups or up to three -NR 3 - groups; R 2 is alkyl or arylalkylenyl; each R 3 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, or -R 1 -[Si p (R 2) 3-p]; Y is alkoxy, acyloxy, aryloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, halogen, or hydroxyl; p is 1, 2, or 3; and q is 1, 2, or 3, with the provisos that at least two independently selected -Si p (R 2) 3-p groups are present and that both R 3 groups are not hydrogen; and R 1 is a multivalent alkylene group optionally interrupted by one or more -O- groups or up to three -NR 3 - groups; R 2 is alkyl or arylalkylenyl; each R 3 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, arylalkylenyl, or -R 1 -[Si p (R 2) 3-p]; Y is alkoxy, acyloxy, aryloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, halogen, or hydroxyl; p is 1, 2, or 3; and q is 1, 2, or 3, with the provisos that at least two independently selected -Si p (R 2) 3-p groups are present and that both R 3 groups are not hydrogen; and subsequently treating the primed metal surface with a treatment composition comprising a fluorinated compound represented by formula: Rf{-X-[Si 3-x x] y} z wherein: Rf is a polyfluoropolyether group; X is a divalent or trivalent organic linking group; each Y is independently halogen, alkoxy, hydroxyl, acyloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, or aryloxy; R is an alkyl group having up to 8 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; x is 0 or 1 or 2; y is a value from 1 to 8; and z is 1 or 2. Rf is a polyfluoropolyether group; X is a divalent or trivalent organic linking group; each Y is independently halogen, alkoxy, hydroxyl, acyloxy, polyalkyleneoxy, or aryloxy; R is an alkyl group having up to 8 carbon atoms or a phenyl group; x is 0 or 1 or 2; y is a value from 1 to 8; and z is 1 or 2.