A heat-sensitive treatment-free planographic printing plate material, which does not need a process of development, containing a thermosensitive protection layer, wherein the planographic printing plate material sequentially comprises a supporting body, a hydrophilic layer, a heat-sensitive layer and a thermosensitive protection layer from bottom to top, wherein the supporting body, the hydrophilic layer and the thermosensitive protection layer are hydrophilic and wherein the heat-sensitive layer is lipophilic or bi-affinitive, wherein bi-affinitive refers to having both hydrophilicity and lipophilicity; the thermosensitive protection layer comprises 40-90 parts of water-soluble resin, 10-60 parts of hydrophilic cross-linking agent and 1-30 parts of acid-producing agent, the thermosensitive protection layer is curable under infrared laser irradiation, the water-soluble resin in the thermosensitive protection layer is one or more selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymer, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and (methyl) acrylate copolymer, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and (methyl) acrylamide copolymer, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and styrene copolymer, N-vinyl amide copolymer, modified N-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, modified acrylate copolymer, water-borne nylon resin, gelatin and cellulose derivative, the hydrophilic cross-linking agent is an epoxy compound or vinyl ether monomer containing at least one hydrophilic group, the acid-producing agent has an ultraviolet absorbing main peak wavelength smaller than or equal to 300nm; the heat-sensitive layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of film-forming resin, 30-90 parts of cross-linking agent, 0-40 parts of diluting agent, 1-30 parts of polymerization initiator, 1-10 parts of infrared absorbing dye and 0.1-10 parts of coloring background dye, the heat-sensitive layer is curable under infrared laser irradiation, the cross-linking agent in the heat-sensitive layer is a multi-functional acrylate compound and a photopolymerizable prepolymer, the infrared absorbing dye is a benzoindole cyanine dye or a merocyanine dye with a maximum absorption wavelength of 750 - 850 nm, the diluting agent is a low-viscosity compound containing carbon-carbon double bonds; the hydrophilic layer is mainly composed of water-soluble resin, and the dry coating weight of the hydrophilic layer on the supporting body is 0.001-0.1g/m 2; and the film-forming resin in the heat-sensitive layer is one or more of oil-soluble polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 20000-100000 and water-oil-soluble polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 10000-200000, wherein the water-oil-soluble polymer is one or more selected from a group consisting of N-vinylamide copolymer, modified N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer and modified acrylate copolymer. the thermosensitive protection layer comprises 40-90 parts of water-soluble resin, 10-60 parts of hydrophilic cross-linking agent and 1-30 parts of acid-producing agent, the thermosensitive protection layer is curable under infrared laser irradiation, the water-soluble resin in the thermosensitive protection layer is one or more selected from a group consisting of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and vinyl acetate copolymer, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and (methyl) acrylate copolymer, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and (methyl) acrylamide copolymer, N-vinyl pyrrolidone and styrene copolymer, N-vinyl amide copolymer, modified N-vinyl pyrrolidone copolymer, modified acrylate copolymer, water-borne nylon resin, gelatin and cellulose derivative, the hydrophilic cross-linking agent is an epoxy compound or vinyl ether monomer containing at least one hydrophilic group, the acid-producing agent has an ultraviolet absorbing main peak wavelength smaller than or equal to 300nm; the heat-sensitive layer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 10-60 parts of film-forming resin, 30-90 parts of cross-linking agent, 0-40 parts of diluting agent, 1-30 parts of polymerization initiator, 1-10 parts of infrared absorbing dye and 0.1-10 parts of coloring background dye, the heat-sensitive layer is curable under infrared laser irradiation, the cross-linking agent in the heat-sensitive layer is a multi-functional acrylate compound and a photopolymerizable prepolymer, the infrared absorbing dye is a benzoindole cyanine dye or a merocyanine dye with a maximum absorption wavelength of 750 - 850 nm, the diluting agent is a low-viscosity compound containing carbon-carbon double bonds; the hydrophilic layer is mainly composed of water-soluble resin, and the dry coating weight of the hydrophilic layer on the supporting body is 0.001-0.1g/m 2; and the film-forming resin in the heat-sensitive layer is one or more of oil-soluble polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 20000-100000 and water-oil-soluble polymer with a weight-average molecular weight of 10000-200000, wherein the water-oil-soluble polymer is one or more selected from a group consisting of N-vinylamide copolymer, modified N-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer and modified acrylate copolymer.