A carbonaceous material for a non-aqueous electrolyte rechargeable battery anode, the carbonaceous material having: a true density of from 1.35 to 1.60 g/cm 3; a specific surface area obtained by BET method using nitrogen adsorption of not greater than 30 m 2 /g; an average particle size of not greater than 50 μm; and an atom ratio of hydrogen and carbon obtained by elemental analysis, H/C, of not greater than 0.1; characterized in that the carbonaceous material is obtainable by a method comprising the following steps: impregnating an alkali metal to a carbonaceous material precursor by adding a compound including an elemental alkali metal to obtain an alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor; subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to heat treatment by: (a) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C; or (b) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to pre-heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature 400°C or higher and lower than 800°C, and subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C. a true density of from 1.35 to 1.60 g/cm 3; a specific surface area obtained by BET method using nitrogen adsorption of not greater than 30 m 2 /g; an average particle size of not greater than 50 μm; and an atom ratio of hydrogen and carbon obtained by elemental analysis, H/C, of not greater than 0.1; characterized in that the carbonaceous material is obtainable by a method comprising the following steps: impregnating an alkali metal to a carbonaceous material precursor by adding a compound including an elemental alkali metal to obtain an alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor; subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to heat treatment by: (a) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C; or (b) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to pre-heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature 400°C or higher and lower than 800°C, and subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C. impregnating an alkali metal to a carbonaceous material precursor by adding a compound including an elemental alkali metal to obtain an alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor; subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to heat treatment by: (a) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C; or (b) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to pre-heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature 400°C or higher and lower than 800°C, and subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C. (a) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C; or (b) subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to pre-heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature 400°C or higher and lower than 800°C, and subjecting the alkali-impregnated carbonaceous precursor to main heat treatment in a non-oxidizing gas atmosphere at a temperature from 800°C to 1500°C.