A measurement device comprising: a measurement unit that measures a physical property of a measurement target by causing the measurement target to vibrate through an application of an ultrasonic wave, the measurement unit including a first mode that measures the physical property using a first burst wave sensitive in a first predetermined range of physical property values and a second mode that measures the physical property using a second burst wave sensitive in a second range of physical property values different from the first range; and a control unit (80, 81B) that controls the measurement unit to execute at least one of the first mode and the second mode, wherein the measurement target is a sheet-like recording medium, the physical property comprises basis weight, thickness, density, or mass, and a state of sensitivity of the first burst wave or the second burst wave refers to a state in which a correlation between the physical property measured by the measurement unit and an actual physical property of the measurement target is higher than a threshold, and wherein the measurement unit comprises: an emission unit disposed at a position facing one surface of the measurement target and configured to emit the ultrasonic wave to the one surface of the measurement target; and a reception unit disposed at a position facing an other surface of the measurement target and configured to receive the ultrasonic wave transmitted through the measurement target; the measurement device being characterized in that: the control unit (80, 81B) controls the measurement unit to execute the second mode, and if the physical property measured by the second mode is not included in the second range, the control unit (80, 81B) controls the measurement unit to execute the first mode, and in a case where the physical property of the measurement target measured by the second mode is included in the second range, the control unit (80, 81B) controls the measurement unit not to execute the first mode. a measurement unit that measures a physical property of a measurement target by causing the measurement target to vibrate through an application of an ultrasonic wave, the measurement unit including a first mode that measures the physical property using a first burst wave sensitive in a first predetermined range of physical property values and a second mode that measures the physical property using a second burst wave sensitive in a second range of physical property values different from the first range; and a control unit (80, 81B) that controls the measurement unit to execute at least one of the first mode and the second mode, wherein the measurement target is a sheet-like recording medium, the physical property comprises basis weight, thickness, density, or mass, and a state of sensitivity of the first burst wave or the second burst wave refers to a state in which a correlation between the physical property measured by the measurement unit and an actual physical property of the measurement target is higher than a threshold, and wherein the measurement unit comprises: an emission unit disposed at a position facing one surface of the measurement target and configured to emit the ultrasonic wave to the one surface of the measurement target; and an emission unit disposed at a position facing one surface of the measurement target and configured to emit the ultrasonic wave to the one surface of the measurement target; and the control unit (80, 81B) controls the measurement unit to execute the second mode, and if the physical property measured by the second mode is not included in the second range, the control unit (80, 81B) controls the measurement unit to execute the first mode, and in a case where the physical property of the measurement target measured by the second mode is included in the second range, the control unit (80, 81B) controls the measurement unit not to execute the first mode.