A method for manufacturing a differential-strength steel welded component with an aluminum or aluminum alloy clad layer, comprising the following steps: 1) Preparation before steel plate welding Taking two straight steel plates for use as steel plates to be welded, wherein the steel plate to be welded comprises a substrate and at least one clad layer on a surface thereof, wherein the clad layer comprises an intermetallic compound alloy layer in contact with the substrate and a metal alloy layer thereon, wherein the clad layer in a to-be-welded zone of the steel plate to be welded is not removed or thinned; wherein the two steel plates to be welded are a high-strength steel plate and a low-strength steel plate respectively, wherein the high-strength steel plate has a tensile strength of from 1300 MPa to 1700 MPa after hot stamping, and the low-strength steel plate has a tensile strength of from 400 MPa to 700 MPa after hot stamping; 2) Presetting butt gap Presetting a butt gap between the two steel plates to be welded at 0.2-0.5 mm; 3) Welding Integrating the two steel plates to be welded by welding using a laser filler wire welding process, the method being characterized in that the laser filler wire welding process uses a laser spot having a diameter of from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm, a defocus distance of from -3 mm to 0 mm, a laser power controlled at from 4 kW to 6 kW, a welding speed controlled at from 40 mm/s to 120 mm/s, a welding wire having a diameter of from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm, and a wire feeding speed of from 50 mm/s to 100 mm/s; wherein 99.99% high-purity argon with a flow rate of 10-25 L/min is used as a shielding gas; wherein a gas feeding pipe is 60-120 degrees relative to a welding direction and delivers the shielding gas uniformly and stably to a welding area; wherein the welding wire has a composition based on weight percentage of C 0.1-0.25%, Si 0.2-0.4%, Mn 1.2-2%, P<0.03%, S<0.006%, Al<0.06%, Ti 0.02-0.08%, Cr 0.05-0.2%, and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. 1) Preparation before steel plate welding Taking two straight steel plates for use as steel plates to be welded, wherein the steel plate to be welded comprises a substrate and at least one clad layer on a surface thereof, wherein the clad layer comprises an intermetallic compound alloy layer in contact with the substrate and a metal alloy layer thereon, wherein the clad layer in a to-be-welded zone of the steel plate to be welded is not removed or thinned; wherein the two steel plates to be welded are a high-strength steel plate and a low-strength steel plate respectively, wherein the high-strength steel plate has a tensile strength of from 1300 MPa to 1700 MPa after hot stamping, and the low-strength steel plate has a tensile strength of from 400 MPa to 700 MPa after hot stamping; 2) Presetting butt gap Presetting a butt gap between the two steel plates to be welded at 0.2-0.5 mm; 3) Welding Integrating the two steel plates to be welded by welding using a laser filler wire welding process, the method being characterized in that the laser filler wire welding process uses a laser spot having a diameter of from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm, a defocus distance of from -3 mm to 0 mm, a laser power controlled at from 4 kW to 6 kW, a welding speed controlled at from 40 mm/s to 120 mm/s, a welding wire having a diameter of from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm, and a wire feeding speed of from 50 mm/s to 100 mm/s; wherein 99.99% high-purity argon with a flow rate of 10-25 L/min is used as a shielding gas; wherein a gas feeding pipe is 60-120 degrees relative to a welding direction and delivers the shielding gas uniformly and stably to a welding area; wherein the welding wire has a composition based on weight percentage of C 0.1-0.25%, Si 0.2-0.4%, Mn 1.2-2%, P<0.03%, S<0.006%, Al<0.06%, Ti 0.02-0.08%, Cr 0.05-0.2%, and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities. Integrating the two steel plates to be welded by welding using a laser filler wire welding process, the method being characterized in that the laser filler wire welding process uses a laser spot having a diameter of from 1.2 mm to 2.0 mm, a defocus distance of from -3 mm to 0 mm, a laser power controlled at from 4 kW to 6 kW, a welding speed controlled at from 40 mm/s to 120 mm/s, a welding wire having a diameter of from 0.8 mm to 1.4 mm, and a wire feeding speed of from 50 mm/s to 100 mm/s; wherein 99.99% high-purity argon with a flow rate of 10-25 L/min is used as a shielding gas; wherein a gas feeding pipe is 60-120 degrees relative to a welding direction and delivers the shielding gas uniformly and stably to a welding area; wherein the welding wire has a composition based on weight percentage of C 0.1-0.25%, Si 0.2-0.4%, Mn 1.2-2%, P<0.03%, S<0.006%, Al<0.06%, Ti 0.02-0.08%, Cr 0.05-0.2%, and a balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.