A vector joint encoding method for a voice signal, comprising: calculating (A1, B1) an encoding index Ind t of each vector, wherein a subscript t denotes a t th vector, t∈[0, T-1], and T is the number of vectors and is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the encoding index is an index used for indicating the pulse distribution on the track, wherein each vector represents a pulse distribution on a track; splitting (A2, B2) at least one Ind t at least once into at least two sections, wherein the splitting at least once comprises splitting the Ind t into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t, the SLF t is a positive integer, the Ind t0 denotes a serial number of an interval to which the Ind t belongs, the Ind t1 denotes a serial number of the Ind t in the interval to which the Ind t belongs, the length of the interval is not greater than the SLF t, and Ind t ≤ Ind t 0 × SLF t + Ind t 1; wherein splitting (A2, B2) the Ind t into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t is specifically: Ind t0 =Int(Ind t /SLF t), wherein Int() denotes rounding down to an integer, and Ind t1 =Ind t %SLF t, wherein % denotes taking a remainder; combining (A3, B3) a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF; wherein the combining (A3, B3) a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF is specifically: for a vector t providing a split index to participate in combination, selecting a split index capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Ind t to participate in combination, wherein being capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Ind t refers to that, compared with other split indexes, an occupancy rate of a value range of a selected split index for an encoding space is the closest to an occupancy rate of a value range of the Ind t for the encoding space; and performing (A4, B4) encoding according to the combined index and other uncombined split indexes. calculating (A1, B1) an encoding index Ind t of each vector, wherein a subscript t denotes a t th vector, t∈[0, T-1], and T is the number of vectors and is an integer greater than or equal to 2, and the encoding index is an index used for indicating the pulse distribution on the track, wherein each vector represents a pulse distribution on a track; splitting (A2, B2) at least one Ind t at least once into at least two sections, wherein the splitting at least once comprises splitting the Ind t into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t, the SLF t is a positive integer, the Ind t0 denotes a serial number of an interval to which the Ind t belongs, the Ind t1 denotes a serial number of the Ind t in the interval to which the Ind t belongs, the length of the interval is not greater than the SLF t, and Ind t ≤ Ind t 0 × SLF t + Ind t 1; wherein splitting (A2, B2) the Ind t into two split indexes Ind t0 and Ind t1 according to a set factor SLF t is specifically: Ind t0 =Int(Ind t /SLF t), wherein Int() denotes rounding down to an integer, and Ind t1 =Ind t %SLF t, wherein % denotes taking a remainder; combining (A3, B3) a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF; wherein the combining (A3, B3) a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF is specifically: Ind t0 =Int(Ind t /SLF t), wherein Int() denotes rounding down to an integer, and Ind t1 =Ind t %SLF t, wherein % denotes taking a remainder; combining (A3, B3) a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF; wherein the combining (A3, B3) a split index of at least one vector and split indexes or encoding indexes of other vectors to generate a combined index Ind SLF is specifically: for a vector t providing a split index to participate in combination, selecting a split index capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Ind t to participate in combination, wherein being capable of embodying space occupancy characteristics of the Ind t refers to that, compared with other split indexes, an occupancy rate of a value range of a selected split index for an encoding space is the closest to an occupancy rate of a value range of the Ind t for the encoding space; and performing (A4, B4) encoding according to the combined index and other uncombined split indexes.