An electrochemical measurement method for electrochemically measuring a chemical substance generated or consumed in a biological sample in a solution, wherein the biological sample, which has a diameter dimension between 100 μm, inclusive, and 600 μm, inclusive, comprises cells, cell aggregates, pieces of tissue, or non-biological samples containing biologically-relevant substances, provided that the biological sample excludes human embryos, the method comprising: performing a simulation, in which given condition includes a dimension of an electrode surface of a working electrode that supplies or receives electrons to or from the chemical substance to cause an oxidation-reduction reaction and the dimension of the biological sample, and in which a value of a current flowing through the working electrode is calculated as a function of a distance between the biological sample and the electrode surface in a vertical direction perpendicular to the electrode surface, on the basis of a rate of a chemical reaction in which the chemical substance is generated or consumed in the biological sample, a change in a concentration distribution of the chemical substance in the solution, and rate at which electrons are supplied or received to or from the chemical substance at the electrode surface, assuming that the chemical substance which diffuses in the solution to the working electrode causes the oxidation-reduction reaction on the working electrode and is detected as the value of the current, to obtain a range of the distance in the vertical direction that includes a point at which the current takes a maximum value, a curve of the value of the current being arc-shaped with a peak at the point, the range being defined such that the value of the current within the range is greater than or equal to 90% of the maximum value; and performing measurement by placing the biological sample in the solution at a measurement distance away from the electrode surface in the vertical direction using a spacer which prevents the biological sample from entering a region on the electrode surface side of the profile surface and which allows the chemical substance to diffuse to the working electrode, the measurement distance falling within the range. performing a simulation, in which given condition includes a dimension of an electrode surface of a working electrode that supplies or receives electrons to or from the chemical substance to cause an oxidation-reduction reaction and the dimension of the biological sample, and in which a value of a current flowing through the working electrode is calculated as a function of a distance between the biological sample and the electrode surface in a vertical direction perpendicular to the electrode surface, on the basis of a rate of a chemical reaction in which the chemical substance is generated or consumed in the biological sample, a change in a concentration distribution of the chemical substance in the solution, and rate at which electrons are supplied or received to or from the chemical substance at the electrode surface, assuming that the chemical substance which diffuses in the solution to the working electrode causes the oxidation-reduction reaction on the working electrode and is detected as the value of the current, to obtain a range of the distance in the vertical direction that includes a point at which the current takes a maximum value, a curve of the value of the current being arc-shaped with a peak at the point, the range being defined such that the value of the current within the range is greater than or equal to 90% of the maximum value; and performing measurement by placing the biological sample in the solution at a measurement distance away from the electrode surface in the vertical direction using a spacer which prevents the biological sample from entering a region on the electrode surface side of the profile surface and which allows the chemical substance to diffuse to the working electrode, the measurement distance falling within the range.