A method for controlling an operation of a refrigerator including a reciprocating compressor, the method comprising: opening a refrigerator door; determining whether to perform a load mode according to whether the refrigerator door is opened and closed, and according to an inner temperature of the refrigerator; and determining whether to perform a stable mode or a silent mode according to a room temperature and an ambient noise, after the refrigerator door is closed, wherein, when the inner temperature is higher than a reference temperature Ta and if, after the refrigerator door is closed, a set time has elapsed, or if the room temperature is higher than a reference temperature Tb after the refrigerator door is closed and a set time has elapsed, the load mode is performed, wherein, when the refrigerator door is closed, the room temperature is lower than a reference temperature Tb, the ambient noise is lower than a reference noise, and the inner temperature is higher than a reference temperature Ta, the silent mode is performed, wherein, when the refrigerator door is closed, the room temperature is lower than a reference temperature Tb, the ambient noise is equal to or higher than a reference noise, and the inner temperature is higher than a reference temperature Ta, the stable mode is performed, wherein the method further satisfies a relationship of T1 > T3 > T2, where T1 denotes a reference temperature of an evaporator as a criterion in the load mode, T2 denotes a reference temperature of the evaporator as a criterion in the silent mode, and T3 denotes a reference temperature of the evaporator as a criterion in the stable mode, wherein, in the load mode, the method comprises driving the compressor, an evaporator fan, and a condenser fan; increasing the number of rotations of the evaporator fan when a stroke of the compressor is smaller than that in a top dead center operation; increasing the number of rotations of the condenser fan when a temperature of the evaporator is lower than the reference temperature T1 after the number of rotations of the evaporator fan is increased; and increasing the stroke of the compressor when the temperature of the evaporator is lower than the reference temperature T1 after the number of rotations of the condenser fan is increased. opening a refrigerator door; determining whether to perform a load mode according to whether the refrigerator door is opened and closed, and according to an inner temperature of the refrigerator; and determining whether to perform a stable mode or a silent mode according to a room temperature and an ambient noise, after the refrigerator door is closed, wherein, when the inner temperature is higher than a reference temperature Ta and if, after the refrigerator door is closed, a set time has elapsed, or if the room temperature is higher than a reference temperature Tb after the refrigerator door is closed and a set time has elapsed, the load mode is performed, wherein, when the refrigerator door is closed, the room temperature is lower than a reference temperature Tb, the ambient noise is lower than a reference noise, and the inner temperature is higher than a reference temperature Ta, the silent mode is performed, wherein, when the refrigerator door is closed, the room temperature is lower than a reference temperature Tb, the ambient noise is equal to or higher than a reference noise, and the inner temperature is higher than a reference temperature Ta, the stable mode is performed, wherein the method further satisfies a relationship of T1 > T3 > T2, where T1 denotes a reference temperature of an evaporator as a criterion in the load mode, T2 denotes a reference temperature of the evaporator as a criterion in the silent mode, and T3 denotes a reference temperature of the evaporator as a criterion in the stable mode, wherein, in the load mode, the method comprises driving the compressor, an evaporator fan, and a condenser fan; increasing the number of rotations of the evaporator fan when a stroke of the compressor is smaller than that in a top dead center operation; increasing the number of rotations of the condenser fan when a temperature of the evaporator is lower than the reference temperature T1 after the number of rotations of the evaporator fan is increased; and increasing the stroke of the compressor when the temperature of the evaporator is lower than the reference temperature T1 after the number of rotations of the condenser fan is increased.