A storage device for biological samples, using liquid nitrogen, and comprising a tank, a storage rack and a drive component, wherein the tank comprises a tank body and an insulating layer; an access door is provided on the tank body; a storage cavity is provided in the tank body; the storage rack is provided in the storage cavity; and the drive component is configured to drive the storage rack to rotate in the storage cavity and characterized in that the insulating layer is a heat-insulating cavity layer provided on a periphery of the storage cavity; the tank comprises a tank cover disposed to cover the tank body, and also a vacuum cavity layer provided on periphery of the heat-insulating cavity layer; a plurality of cryopreservation tube racks are stored in the storage rack; the drive component is further configured to drive the storage rack to move up and down in the storage cavity, and is configured to drive the plurality of cryopreservation tube racks to move to a position corresponding to the access door, wherein the drive component comprises a drive motor, a driving gear, a driven gear, a shift fork and a control lead screw; a motor shaft of the drive motor is coaxially connected to the driving gear, the driving gear is engaged with the driven gear, and the shift fork is provided on a lower end surface of the driven gear; the shift fork is a hollow cylinder, a periphery of the shift fork is provided with an operating channel, the operating channel is radially inward arranged, and the operating channel divides the shift fork into a first sub-shift fork at a first side end and a second sub-shift fork at a second side end; a first control channel, a second control channel and a lead screw operating channel are provided at a central portion of the storage rack; the first sub-shift fork is provided in the first control channel, and the first control channel restricts the first sub-shift fork in a circumferential direction; the second sub-shift fork is provided in the second control channel, and the second control channel restricts the second sub-shift fork in a circumferential direction; the control lead screw is fixed in the storage cavity, and the control lead screw passes through the shift fork, enters the lead screw operating channel and extends to an outside of the lead screw operating channel; and an upper inner end of the lead screw operating channel is provided with a first lead screw nut, a lower outer end of the lead screw operating channel is provided with a second lead screw nut, and the control lead screw is in a threaded connection to the first lead screw nut and the second lead screw nut, respectively. the tank comprises a tank body and an insulating layer; an access door is provided on the tank body; a storage cavity is provided in the tank body; the storage rack is provided in the storage cavity; and the drive component is configured to drive the storage rack to rotate in the storage cavity and characterized in that the insulating layer is a heat-insulating cavity layer provided on a periphery of the storage cavity; the tank comprises a tank cover disposed to cover the tank body, and also a vacuum cavity layer provided on periphery of the heat-insulating cavity layer; a plurality of cryopreservation tube racks are stored in the storage rack; the drive component is further configured to drive the storage rack to move up and down in the storage cavity, and is configured to drive the plurality of cryopreservation tube racks to move to a position corresponding to the access door, wherein the drive component comprises a drive motor, a driving gear, a driven gear, a shift fork and a control lead screw; a motor shaft of the drive motor is coaxially connected to the driving gear, the driving gear is engaged with the driven gear, and the shift fork is provided on a lower end surface of the driven gear; the shift fork is a hollow cylinder, a periphery of the shift fork is provided with an operating channel, the operating channel is radially inward arranged, and the operating channel divides the shift fork into a first sub-shift fork at a first side end and a second sub-shift fork at a second side end; a first control channel, a second control channel and a lead screw operating channel are provided at a central portion of the storage rack; the first sub-shift fork is provided in the first control channel, and the first control channel restricts the first sub-shift fork in a circumferential direction; the second sub-shift fork is provided in the second control channel, and the second control channel restricts the second sub-shift fork in a circumferential direction; the control lead screw is fixed in the storage cavity, and the control lead screw passes through the shift fork, enters the lead screw operating channel and extends to an outside of the lead screw operating channel; and an upper inner end of the lead screw operating channel is provided with a first lead screw nut, a lower outer end of the lead screw operating channel is provided with a second lead screw nut, and the control lead screw is in a threaded connection to the first lead screw nut and the second lead screw nut, respectively.