An apparatus for optical detection of a biological sample, the apparatus comprising: a) a light illumination funnel having: (i) a first outer wall having an anterior end, a posterior end, an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining an interior portion, the interior portion having an anterior end and a posterior end; and (ii) a light source disposed within the interior portion; wherein the first outer wall has an opening in the posterior end, the opening having an opening diameter; wherein the interior portion has a substantially frusto-conical shape; wherein the interior portion has a first cross-sectional diameter at the opening equal to the opening diameter and a second cross-sectional diameter near the anterior end that is less than the opening diameter; and wherein the inner surface is photo-reflective; wherein a biological sample can be positioned below the opening in the first outer wall such that it receives light from the light source; wherein the light illumination funnel has a half angle of the frusto-conical shape that is less than 45 degrees, wherein the half angle of the frusto-conical shape is an angle between the longitudinal axis of the frusto-conical shape and a line which extends from the second cross-sectional diameter to the first cross-sectional diameter; b) a light collector configured to be positioned below the biological sample and receive light from the biological sample, when the biological sample is present; c) a plurality of light filters located below the light collector; and, d) a plurality of photo detectors located below the plurality of light filters, wherein each light filter of the plurality of light filters is positioned to receive light from the biological sample and emit filtered light onto a corresponding photo detector of the plurality of photo detectors and each photo detector of the plurality of photo detectors is tuned to detect light in the spectrum emitted by the corresponding light filter of the plurality of light filters. a) a light illumination funnel having: (i) a first outer wall having an anterior end, a posterior end, an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining an interior portion, the interior portion having an anterior end and a posterior end; and (ii) a light source disposed within the interior portion; wherein the first outer wall has an opening in the posterior end, the opening having an opening diameter; wherein the interior portion has a substantially frusto-conical shape; wherein the interior portion has a first cross-sectional diameter at the opening equal to the opening diameter and a second cross-sectional diameter near the anterior end that is less than the opening diameter; and wherein the inner surface is photo-reflective; wherein a biological sample can be positioned below the opening in the first outer wall such that it receives light from the light source; wherein the light illumination funnel has a half angle of the frusto-conical shape that is less than 45 degrees, wherein the half angle of the frusto-conical shape is an angle between the longitudinal axis of the frusto-conical shape and a line which extends from the second cross-sectional diameter to the first cross-sectional diameter; (i) a first outer wall having an anterior end, a posterior end, an inner surface and an outer surface, the inner surface defining an interior portion, the interior portion having an anterior end and a posterior end; and (ii) a light source disposed within the interior portion; wherein the first outer wall has an opening in the posterior end, the opening having an opening diameter; wherein the interior portion has a substantially frusto-conical shape; wherein the interior portion has a first cross-sectional diameter at the opening equal to the opening diameter and a second cross-sectional diameter near the anterior end that is less than the opening diameter; and wherein the inner surface is photo-reflective; wherein a biological sample can be positioned below the opening in the first outer wall such that it receives light from the light source; wherein the light illumination funnel has a half angle of the frusto-conical shape that is less than 45 degrees, wherein the half angle of the frusto-conical shape is an angle between the longitudinal axis of the frusto-conical shape and a line which extends from the second cross-sectional diameter to the first cross-sectional diameter; wherein the first outer wall has an opening in the posterior end, the opening having an opening diameter; wherein the interior portion has a substantially frusto-conical shape; wherein the interior portion has a first cross-sectional diameter at the opening equal to the opening diameter and a second cross-sectional diameter near the anterior end that is less than the opening diameter; and wherein the inner surface is photo-reflective; wherein a biological sample can be positioned below the opening in the first outer wall such that it receives light from the light source; wherein the light illumination funnel has a half angle of the frusto-conical shape that is less than 45 degrees, wherein the half angle of the frusto-conical shape is an angle between the longitudinal axis of the frusto-conical shape and a line which extends from the second cross-sectional diameter to the first cross-sectional diameter; b) a light collector configured to be positioned below the biological sample and receive light from the biological sample, when the biological sample is present; c) a plurality of light filters located below the light collector; and, d) a plurality of photo detectors located below the plurality of light filters,