An electronic device, comprising: a display; a housing including a front surface including the display, a rear surface facing a direction opposite to the front surface, and a side surface enclosing at least a part of a space defined between the front surface and the rear surface; a wireless communication module included in the housing; at least one antenna pattern electrically connected to the wireless communication module and configured to form an electromagnetic field or a magnetic field; a current providing module configured to supply a current to the at least one antenna pattern based on a polling period from among a plurality of polling periods associated with a plurality of conditions of the electronic device; a detection circuit electrically connected to the antenna pattern and configured to detect a current and/or a voltage associated with the antenna pattern; and a processor electrically connected to the wireless communication module and the detection circuit, wherein the processor is configured to change at least a part of an operation of the electronic device, at least partly based on a change of the current and/or the voltage detected by the detection circuit, wherein the detected current and/or voltage is indicative of whether or not the electronic device is being gripped, and wherein the polling period is changed to one of a first period and a second period depending on whether the display is turned on or turned off, a turned on state being indicative of a higher probability that the electronic device is gripped or about to be gripped, and a turned off state being indicative of a lower probability that the electronic device is gripped, or one of a first period and a second period depending on whether the electronic device moves or not, wherein the first period is a shorter period and the second period is a longer period. a display; a housing including a front surface including the display, a rear surface facing a direction opposite to the front surface, and a side surface enclosing at least a part of a space defined between the front surface and the rear surface; a wireless communication module included in the housing; at least one antenna pattern electrically connected to the wireless communication module and configured to form an electromagnetic field or a magnetic field; a current providing module configured to supply a current to the at least one antenna pattern based on a polling period from among a plurality of polling periods associated with a plurality of conditions of the electronic device; a detection circuit electrically connected to the antenna pattern and configured to detect a current and/or a voltage associated with the antenna pattern; and a processor electrically connected to the wireless communication module and the detection circuit, wherein the processor is configured to change at least a part of an operation of the electronic device, at least partly based on a change of the current and/or the voltage detected by the detection circuit, wherein the detected current and/or voltage is indicative of whether or not the electronic device is being gripped, and wherein the polling period is changed to one of a first period and a second period depending on whether the display is turned on or turned off, a turned on state being indicative of a higher probability that the electronic device is gripped or about to be gripped, and a turned off state being indicative of a lower probability that the electronic device is gripped, or one of a first period and a second period depending on whether the electronic device moves or not, wherein the first period is a shorter period and the second period is a longer period.