A detection and identification system for detecting and identifying plant species in an agricultural field that allows acting on them, characterized in that it comprises: - at least one camera comprising a lens (2.3), a bandpass filter (2.4) and an image sensor (2.5) having a dynamic range of at least 60 dB, wherein each of the at least one camera is positioned at a height between 50 cm and 180 cm with respect to the ground, wherein each of the at least one camera has an angle of inclination between 40 and 60 degrees towards the ground and forward, and wherein the image sensor (2.5) of each of the at least one camera allows images with a wide aspect ratio to be captured; - an inertial measurement unit (2.6) for each of the at least one camera, wherein each inertial measurement unit (2.6) is rigidly attached to a respective camera; - a lighting source for each of the at least one camera, wherein each lighting source is positioned parallel to a respective camera; - a GPS unit; and - at least one data processing unit, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit comprises data storage means and is in data communication with the at least one camera and its respective inertial measurement unit (2.6) and lighting source, and with the GPS unit, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit comprises a camera calibration system, wherein each of the at least one camera captures and sends images to the at least one data processing unit, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit is configured to autonomously detect and identify plant species, discriminating between crops, weeds and soil, based on the images it receives and to make decisions according to what is detected and identified, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit geolocates the detected plant species, thereby allowing to generate weed and crop maps that can be multi-layered, and wherein each of the at least one data processing unit is in data communication with a valve controller so as to independently drive a set of valves. - at least one camera comprising a lens (2.3), a bandpass filter (2.4) and an image sensor (2.5) having a dynamic range of at least 60 dB, wherein each of the at least one camera is positioned at a height between 50 cm and 180 cm with respect to the ground, wherein each of the at least one camera has an angle of inclination between 40 and 60 degrees towards the ground and forward, and wherein the image sensor (2.5) of each of the at least one camera allows images with a wide aspect ratio to be captured; - an inertial measurement unit (2.6) for each of the at least one camera, wherein each inertial measurement unit (2.6) is rigidly attached to a respective camera; - a lighting source for each of the at least one camera, wherein each lighting source is positioned parallel to a respective camera; - a GPS unit; and - at least one data processing unit, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit comprises data storage means and is in data communication with the at least one camera and its respective inertial measurement unit (2.6) and lighting source, and with the GPS unit, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit comprises a camera calibration system, wherein each of the at least one camera captures and sends images to the at least one data processing unit, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit is configured to autonomously detect and identify plant species, discriminating between crops, weeds and soil, based on the images it receives and to make decisions according to what is detected and identified, wherein each of the at least one data processing unit geolocates the detected plant species, thereby allowing to generate weed and crop maps that can be multi-layered, and wherein each of the at least one data processing unit is in data communication with a valve controller so as to independently drive a set of valves.