Rubber composition comprising at least elastomer, characterized in that it also comprises at least one resin based: A1) on at least one aromatic compound resulting from the reaction between a reagent of formula α) where B represents CHO or CH 2 OH (α) and a reagent of β) or γ): H 2 N-R 1 (β) and the mixtures of these compounds, in which: - Ar represents an optionally substituted, aromatic nucleus, - each R 1 and R 2 radical represents, independently of one another, a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical; A2) on at least one phenolic compound derivative chosen from: - A21) at least one derivative of an aromatic polyphenol comprising at least one aromatic nucleus bearing at least two -O-Z groups in the meta position with respect to one another, the two ortho groups of at least one of the -O-Z groups being unsubstituted, Z being other than hydrogen; - A22) at least one derivative of an aromatic monophenol comprising at least one 6-membered aromatic nucleus bearing a single -O-Z group, Z being other than hydrogen; - the two ortho positions of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted, or - at least one ortho position and the para position of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted; - and mixtures thereof, - each -O-Z group being chosen from the group consisting of the -O-Si(R 7,R 8,R 9), -O-C((=O)(R 10)) and -O-C((=O)(N(R 11 R 12))) groups, each R 7, R 8, R 9 and R 10 group represents, independently of one another, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical, each R 11 and R 12 group represents, independently of one another, hydrogen, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical. A1) on at least one aromatic compound resulting from the reaction between a reagent of formula α) where B represents CHO or CH 2 OH (α) and a reagent of β) or γ): H 2 N-R 1 (β) and the mixtures of these compounds, in which: - Ar represents an optionally substituted, aromatic nucleus, - each R 1 and R 2 radical represents, independently of one another, a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical; - Ar represents an optionally substituted, aromatic nucleus, - each R 1 and R 2 radical represents, independently of one another, a monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted monovalent hydrocarbon-based radical; A2) on at least one phenolic compound derivative chosen from: - A21) at least one derivative of an aromatic polyphenol comprising at least one aromatic nucleus bearing at least two -O-Z groups in the meta position with respect to one another, the two ortho groups of at least one of the -O-Z groups being unsubstituted, Z being other than hydrogen; - A22) at least one derivative of an aromatic monophenol comprising at least one 6-membered aromatic nucleus bearing a single -O-Z group, Z being other than hydrogen; - the two ortho positions of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted, or - at least one ortho position and the para position of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted; - and mixtures thereof, - each -O-Z group being chosen from the group consisting of the -O-Si(R 7,R 8,R 9), -O-C((=O)(R 10)) and -O-C((=O)(N(R 11 R 12))) groups, each R 7, R 8, R 9 and R 10 group represents, independently of one another, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical, each R 11 and R 12 group represents, independently of one another, hydrogen, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical. - A21) at least one derivative of an aromatic polyphenol comprising at least one aromatic nucleus bearing at least two -O-Z groups in the meta position with respect to one another, the two ortho groups of at least one of the -O-Z groups being unsubstituted, Z being other than hydrogen; - A22) at least one derivative of an aromatic monophenol comprising at least one 6-membered aromatic nucleus bearing a single -O-Z group, Z being other than hydrogen; - the two ortho positions of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted, or - at least one ortho position and the para position of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted; - and mixtures thereof, - each -O-Z group being chosen from the group consisting of the -O-Si(R 7,R 8,R 9), -O-C((=O)(R 10)) and -O-C((=O)(N(R 11 R 12))) groups, each R 7, R 8, R 9 and R 10 group represents, independently of one another, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical, each R 11 and R 12 group represents, independently of one another, hydrogen, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical. - the two ortho positions of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted, or - at least one ortho position and the para position of the -O-Z group being unsubstituted; - and mixtures thereof, - each -O-Z group being chosen from the group consisting of the -O-Si(R 7,R 8,R 9), -O-C((=O)(R 10)) and -O-C((=O)(N(R 11 R 12))) groups, each R 7, R 8, R 9 and R 10 group represents, independently of one another, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical, each R 11 and R 12 group represents, independently of one another, hydrogen, a hydrocarbon-based radical or a substituted hydrocarbon-based radical.