An optical switching apparatus, comprising: N input ports, N orbital angular momentum, OAM modulators in a one-to-one correspondence with the N input ports, an OAM splitter, and M output ports connected to the OAM splitter, wherein N and M are positive integers, and the M output ports are in a one-to-one correspondence with M OAM modes; wherein a first input port of the N input ports is configured to input a first optical signal, and a target output port of the first optical signal is a first output port of the M output ports; a first OAM modulator of the N OAM modulators that is corresponding to the first input port being configured to modulate the first optical signal into an optical signal of a first OAM mode corresponding to the first output port, wherein the first optical signal is input from the first input port; the OAM splitter is configured to transmit the first optical signal to the first output port according to the first OAM mode of the first optical signal modulated by the first OAM modulator, wherein the first optical signal is received from the first OAM modulator; and the first output port of the M output ports is configured to output the first optical signal transmitted by the OAM splitter characterized in that N ≥ 2, and a second input port of the N input ports is configured to input a second optical signal, and the second optical signal has no target output port; a second OAM modulator of the N OAM modulators that is corresponding to the second input port being configured to modulate the second optical signal into an optical signal of a second OAM mode which is different from an OAM mode corresponding to any one of the M output ports, or an order of said OAM mode is equal to that of an OAM mode corresponding to the M = 1 output port and a sign of said OAM mode is opposite to that of the OAM mode corresponding to the M = 1 output port, wherein the second optical signal is input from the second input port; and the OAM splitter is configured to: according to the OAM mode of the optical signal modulated by the N OAM modulators, split the first optical signal from another optical signal having a different OAM mode from the first optical signal, and transmit the first optical signal to the first output port. N input ports, N orbital angular momentum, OAM modulators in a one-to-one correspondence with the N input ports, an OAM splitter, and M output ports connected to the OAM splitter, wherein N and M are positive integers, and the M output ports are in a one-to-one correspondence with M OAM modes; wherein a first input port of the N input ports is configured to input a first optical signal, and a target output port of the first optical signal is a first output port of the M output ports; a first OAM modulator of the N OAM modulators that is corresponding to the first input port being configured to modulate the first optical signal into an optical signal of a first OAM mode corresponding to the first output port, wherein the first optical signal is input from the first input port; the OAM splitter is configured to transmit the first optical signal to the first output port according to the first OAM mode of the first optical signal modulated by the first OAM modulator, wherein the first optical signal is received from the first OAM modulator; and the first output port of the M output ports is configured to output the first optical signal transmitted by the OAM splitter characterized in that N ≥ 2, and a second input port of the N input ports is configured to input a second optical signal, and the second optical signal has no target output port; a second OAM modulator of the N OAM modulators that is corresponding to the second input port being configured to modulate the second optical signal into an optical signal of a second OAM mode which is different from an OAM mode corresponding to any one of the M output ports, or an order of said OAM mode is equal to that of an OAM mode corresponding to the M = 1 output port and a sign of said OAM mode is opposite to that of the OAM mode corresponding to the M = 1 output port, wherein the second optical signal is input from the second input port; and the OAM splitter is configured to: according to the OAM mode of the optical signal modulated by the N OAM modulators, split the first optical signal from another optical signal having a different OAM mode from the first optical signal, and transmit the first optical signal to the first output port.