A method for adjusting a random access power control parameter, comprising: obtaining, by a base station, random access information reported by multiple user equipments, UEs, wherein the random access information comprises a contention conflict indication and a quantity of times of sending a preamble; collecting, by the base station, statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, wherein that the contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict refers to that contention conflict of the respective UE is successfully resolved; determining, by the base station, a first random access probability according to the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, wherein the first random access probability represents a probability of random access in which the quantity of times of sending a preamble is 1; and adjusting, by the base station, a first random access power control parameter according to the first random access probability, wherein the first random access power control parameter is a preamble initial received target power, wherein the collecting, by the base station, statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict comprises: collecting statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, and obtaining a quantity of times of random access in which the quantity of times of sending a preamble is 1; and collecting statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, and obtaining a sum of quantities of times of random access; and the determining, by the base station, a first random access probability according to the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict comprises: using a quotient of the quantity of times of random access in which the quantity of times of sending a preamble is 1 by the sum of quantities of times of random access as the first random access probability. obtaining, by a base station, random access information reported by multiple user equipments, UEs, wherein the random access information comprises a contention conflict indication and a quantity of times of sending a preamble; collecting, by the base station, statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, wherein that the contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict refers to that contention conflict of the respective UE is successfully resolved; determining, by the base station, a first random access probability according to the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, wherein the first random access probability represents a probability of random access in which the quantity of times of sending a preamble is 1; and adjusting, by the base station, a first random access power control parameter according to the first random access probability, wherein the first random access power control parameter is a preamble initial received target power, wherein the collecting, by the base station, statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict comprises: collecting statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, and obtaining a quantity of times of random access in which the quantity of times of sending a preamble is 1; and collecting statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, and obtaining a sum of quantities of times of random access; and collecting statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, and obtaining a quantity of times of random access in which the quantity of times of sending a preamble is 1; and collecting statistics on the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict, and obtaining a sum of quantities of times of random access; and the determining, by the base station, a first random access probability according to the random access information whose contention conflict indication indicates a non-contention conflict comprises: using a quotient of the quantity of times of random access in which the quantity of times of sending a preamble is 1 by the sum of quantities of times of random access as the first random access probability.