An image encoding method for encoding a multiview video, comprising: determining a maximum number of per-picture pixels and a maximum number of candidate reference images which is used in non-multiview coding, from a level signal indicating a coding level with reference to a table indicating a relationship between (i) the coding level for defining configurations of an image encoding device and an image decoding device, and (ii-i) a maximum number of candidate reference images which are candidates for reference images for inter-prediction in non-multiview coding performed by the image encoding device and the image decoding device conforming to the coding level and (ii-ii) a maximum number of per-picture pixels, the maximum number of per-picture pixels indicating a maximum number of pixels per picture and being processed by the image encoding device and the image decoding device conforming to the coding level; calculating a maximum number of candidate reference views for inter-view predictive coding, using the maximum number of per-picture pixels, an image size of the multi-view video, and a scale factor for multiview video coding, the scale factor being a predetermined coefficient; calculating a maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding, using the maximum number of candidate reference views and the maximum number of candidate reference images for non-multiview coding; and encoding the multiview video using one or more of the candidate reference images less than or equal to the maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding, wherein in the calculating of a maximum number of candidate reference views, when a relationship of Expression 1 indicated below is satisfied, the maximum number of candidate reference views is calculated according to Expressions 2 and 3 indicated below: PicHeight * PicWidth ≤ LumaFS MaxView = mvcScaleFactor * MaxLumaFS * α and α = Floor MaxLumaFS / LumaFS where MaxView represents the maximum number of candidate reference views, mvcScaleFactor represents the scale factor, MaxLumaFs represents the maximum number of per-picture pixels, PicHeight represents a number of pixels high of the multiview video, PicWidth represents a number of pixels wide of the multiview video, and LumaFS represents a predefined picture size, when the relationship of Expression 1 is not satisfied, the maximum number of candidate reference views is calculated according to Expression 4 indicated below: MaxView = mvcScaleFactor * MaxLumaFS and wherein in the calculating of a maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding, the maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding is calculated according to a mathematical expression below: MvcMaxDPBSize = MaxView * MaxDPBSize, where MvcMaxDPBSize represents the maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding, and MaxDPBSize represents the maximum number of candidate reference images for non-multiview coding. determining a maximum number of per-picture pixels and a maximum number of candidate reference images which is used in non-multiview coding, from a level signal indicating a coding level with reference to a table indicating a relationship between (i) the coding level for defining configurations of an image encoding device and an image decoding device, and (ii-i) a maximum number of candidate reference images which are candidates for reference images for inter-prediction in non-multiview coding performed by the image encoding device and the image decoding device conforming to the coding level and (ii-ii) a maximum number of per-picture pixels, the maximum number of per-picture pixels indicating a maximum number of pixels per picture and being processed by the image encoding device and the image decoding device conforming to the coding level; calculating a maximum number of candidate reference views for inter-view predictive coding, using the maximum number of per-picture pixels, an image size of the multi-view video, and a scale factor for multiview video coding, the scale factor being a predetermined coefficient; calculating a maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding, using the maximum number of candidate reference views and the maximum number of candidate reference images for non-multiview coding; and encoding the multiview video using one or more of the candidate reference images less than or equal to the maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding, where MvcMaxDPBSize represents the maximum number of candidate reference images for multiview video coding, and MaxDPBSize represents the maximum number of candidate reference images for non-multiview coding.