A laser transceiving module, comprising a base, a side cover, a laser emitting module, an emitting optical system, a laser splitting module, a receiving optical system, and a laser receiving module, wherein: the base comprises a base body, the base body and the side cover enclose a cavity, the emitting optical system, the laser splitting module, and the receiving optical system are arranged in the cavity; an emitting channel, a laser splitting channel, and a receiving channel for mounting the emitting optical system are also arranged in the cavity, and the laser splitting module, and the receiving optical system are also arranged in the cavity; the laser emitting module and the laser receiving module are arranged on the base and positioned outside the cavity; the laser emitting module is configured to emit an emergent laser, the emitting optical system is configured to collimate the emergent laser, the laser splitting module is configured to allow the collimated emergent laser to pass through the laser splitting module and emit to a detection area, and cause an echo laser incident coaxially with the emergent laser to be deflected and directed to the receiving optical system, and the receiving optical system is configured to converge the echo laser, and direct the converged echo laser to the laser receiving module, and the laser receiving module is configured to receive the echo laser; characterized in that a first mounting frame comprising a first top plate and a first bottom plate is arranged in the cavity, and the emitting channel is formed between the first top plate and the first bottom plate; the emitting optical system comprises a fast-axis collimating module and a slow-axis collimating module; at least a first emitting diaphragm and a second emitting diaphragm are arranged in the emitting channel; the first emitting diaphragm comprises at least one first emitting sub-diaphragm arranged between the fast-axis collimating module and the slow-axis collimating module in sequence, each first emitting sub-diaphragm comprising a light blocking part correspondingly arranged on a lower side of the first top plate and an upper side of the first bottom plate; and the second emitting diaphragm is arranged between the slow-axis collimating module and the laser splitting module and is provided with a circular first light-passing hole. the base comprises a base body, the base body and the side cover enclose a cavity, the emitting optical system, the laser splitting module, and the receiving optical system are arranged in the cavity; an emitting channel, a laser splitting channel, and a receiving channel for mounting the emitting optical system are also arranged in the cavity, and the laser splitting module, and the receiving optical system are also arranged in the cavity; the laser emitting module and the laser receiving module are arranged on the base and positioned outside the cavity; the laser emitting module is configured to emit an emergent laser, the emitting optical system is configured to collimate the emergent laser, the laser splitting module is configured to allow the collimated emergent laser to pass through the laser splitting module and emit to a detection area, and cause an echo laser incident coaxially with the emergent laser to be deflected and directed to the receiving optical system, and the receiving optical system is configured to converge the echo laser, and direct the converged echo laser to the laser receiving module, and the laser receiving module is configured to receive the echo laser; characterized in that a first mounting frame comprising a first top plate and a first bottom plate is arranged in the cavity, and the emitting channel is formed between the first top plate and the first bottom plate; the emitting optical system comprises a fast-axis collimating module and a slow-axis collimating module; at least a first emitting diaphragm and a second emitting diaphragm are arranged in the emitting channel; the first emitting diaphragm comprises at least one first emitting sub-diaphragm arranged between the fast-axis collimating module and the slow-axis collimating module in sequence, each first emitting sub-diaphragm comprising a light blocking part correspondingly arranged on a lower side of the first top plate and an upper side of the first bottom plate; and the second emitting diaphragm is arranged between the slow-axis collimating module and the laser splitting module and is provided with a circular first light-passing hole.