A method of detecting or quantifying one or more target analytes in a sample using a handheld measuring device and a conformal analyte sensor circuit comprising the steps of: (a) placing a sample containing one or more target analytes on the substrate of the conformal analyte sensor circuit; (b) applying a first input electric voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode of the conformal analyte sensor circuit; (c) applying a second input electric voltage between a third electrode and the second electrode of the conformal analyte sensor circuit; (d) shifting an angular orientation of an electric field of the second input electric voltage with respect to an angular orientation of an electric field of the first input electric voltage; (e) amplifying an output current flowing through the third electrode using a programmable gain amplifier; (f) detecting a presence of the one or more target analytes by comparing a respective unique response of the output current to the angular orientation of the electric field of the second input voltage; wherein the conformal analyte sensor circuit comprises a porous nanotextured substrate and a conductive material situated on a top surface of the substrate in a circuit design, thereby creating a circuit comprising the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode; and wherein the first input electric voltage and the second input electric voltage are sinusoidal, and / or sawtooth waves and / or square waves. (a) placing a sample containing one or more target analytes on the substrate of the conformal analyte sensor circuit; (b) applying a first input electric voltage between a first electrode and a second electrode of the conformal analyte sensor circuit; (c) applying a second input electric voltage between a third electrode and the second electrode of the conformal analyte sensor circuit; (d) shifting an angular orientation of an electric field of the second input electric voltage with respect to an angular orientation of an electric field of the first input electric voltage; (e) amplifying an output current flowing through the third electrode using a programmable gain amplifier; (f) detecting a presence of the one or more target analytes by comparing a respective unique response of the output current to the angular orientation of the electric field of the second input voltage; wherein the conformal analyte sensor circuit comprises a porous nanotextured substrate and a conductive material situated on a top surface of the substrate in a circuit design, thereby creating a circuit comprising the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode; and wherein the first input electric voltage and the second input electric voltage are sinusoidal, and / or sawtooth waves and / or square waves. wherein the conformal analyte sensor circuit comprises a porous nanotextured substrate and a conductive material situated on a top surface of the substrate in a circuit design, thereby creating a circuit comprising the first electrode, the second electrode and the third electrode; and wherein the first input electric voltage and the second input electric voltage are sinusoidal, and / or sawtooth waves and / or square waves.