System for diagnosing the present or forecast structural state of a rolling unit installed on wheeled equipment for the movement thereof, which includes: ▪ at least one means of measurement of the value of a parameter of the rolling conditions of the rolling unit characteristic of the structural state thereof, onboard the equipment and combined with the rolling unit, suited while running for measuring said value of said parameter and providing data characteristic of said rolling conditions; ▪ at least one means of calculation and analysis, suited, based on said characteristic data, for supplying diagnostic information on the present or forecast structural state of the rolling unit, ▪ at least one means of data communication, onboard the wheeled equipment, suited for transferring said characteristic data or said diagnostic information into a coverage area; ▪ at least one means of evaluation of a contextual parameter showing either the adequacy or the inadequacy of the measurement by the means of measurement of the parameter of the rolling conditions; characterized in that it comprises at least one data collection unit, structurally disassociated from the wheeled equipment, suited for being located in said coverage area and collecting said characteristic data or said diagnostic information; and in that ▪ said at least one means of measurement is responsive to a means of run/stop control, and ▪ the means of run/stop control is responsive to the means of evaluation of a contextual parameter specific to assigning the measurement of the parameter of the rolling conditions, which is suited for controlling the running or stopping of the means of measurement, according to whether the contextual parameter evaluated shows either the adequacy or inadequacy of the measurement of the parameter of the rolling conditions by the means of measurement. ▪ at least one means of measurement of the value of a parameter of the rolling conditions of the rolling unit characteristic of the structural state thereof, onboard the equipment and combined with the rolling unit, suited while running for measuring said value of said parameter and providing data characteristic of said rolling conditions; ▪ at least one means of calculation and analysis, suited, based on said characteristic data, for supplying diagnostic information on the present or forecast structural state of the rolling unit, ▪ at least one means of data communication, onboard the wheeled equipment, suited for transferring said characteristic data or said diagnostic information into a coverage area; ▪ at least one means of evaluation of a contextual parameter showing either the adequacy or the inadequacy of the measurement by the means of measurement of the parameter of the rolling conditions; ▪ said at least one means of measurement is responsive to a means of run/stop control, and ▪ the means of run/stop control is responsive to the means of evaluation of a contextual parameter specific to assigning the measurement of the parameter of the rolling conditions, which is suited for controlling the running or stopping of the means of measurement, according to whether the contextual parameter evaluated shows either the adequacy or inadequacy of the measurement of the parameter of the rolling conditions by the means of measurement.