A signal transmission method, wherein the method comprises: generating, by a transmit-end device, an initial short training sequence, wherein the initial short training sequence comprises M sub-sequences b, and each of the sub-sequences b comprises N transmission sampling points; determining a quantity of reception sampling points used by a receive-end device when the receive-end device performs autocorrelation processing; generating a symbol sequence according to the quantity of the reception sampling points, wherein the symbol sequence is represented as { a 0,a 1,..., a i,...,a K -1}, and generating a target short training sequence according to the symbol sequence and the initial short training sequence, wherein the target short training sequence is represented as {a 0 b,a 1 b,..., a i b,..., a K-1 b}, so that only one peak value greater than a preset target threshold exists in a processing result obtained through autocorrelation processing that is performed by the receive-end device on the target short training sequence according to a preset rule; and sending a target signal to the receive-end device, wherein a short training sequence field of the target signal carries a short training sequence symbol, and the short training sequence symbol is used to indicate the target short training sequence; wherein the generating a symbol sequence according to the quantity of the reception sampling points comprises: determining, according to the quantity of the reception sampling points, a polynomial a i · a i + p + a i +1 · a i +1+ p +···+ a i + p -1 · a i +2 p -1, i ∈ [0,M - 2 p], wherein the quantity of the reception sampling points is 2 N · p, and 4 ≤ 2 p ≤ M; determining a target polynomial a l 0 · a l 0 +p + a l 0 +1 · a l 0 +1+ p +···+ a l 0 + p -1 · a l 0 +2 p -1, wherein l 0 is a preset integer; setting the target polynomial to be equal to ± p, and setting a non-target polynomial to be not equal to ± p, to generate a target equation set, wherein the non-target polynomial is an expression in the polynomial except the target polynomial; and solving the target equation set, to generate the symbol sequence. generating, by a transmit-end device, an initial short training sequence, wherein the initial short training sequence comprises M sub-sequences b, and each of the sub-sequences b comprises N transmission sampling points; determining a quantity of reception sampling points used by a receive-end device when the receive-end device performs autocorrelation processing; generating a symbol sequence according to the quantity of the reception sampling points, wherein the symbol sequence is represented as { a 0,a 1,..., a i,...,a K -1}, and generating a target short training sequence according to the symbol sequence and the initial short training sequence, wherein the target short training sequence is represented as {a 0 b,a 1 b,..., a i b,..., a K-1 b}, so that only one peak value greater than a preset target threshold exists in a processing result obtained through autocorrelation processing that is performed by the receive-end device on the target short training sequence according to a preset rule; and sending a target signal to the receive-end device, wherein a short training sequence field of the target signal carries a short training sequence symbol, and the short training sequence symbol is used to indicate the target short training sequence; wherein the generating a symbol sequence according to the quantity of the reception sampling points comprises: determining, according to the quantity of the reception sampling points, a polynomial a i · a i + p + a i +1 · a i +1+ p +···+ a i + p -1 · a i +2 p -1, i ∈ [0,M - 2 p], wherein the quantity of the reception sampling points is 2 N · p, and 4 ≤ 2 p ≤ M; determining a target polynomial a l 0 · a l 0 +p + a l 0 +1 · a l 0 +1+ p +···+ a l 0 + p -1 · a l 0 +2 p -1, wherein l 0 is a preset integer; setting the target polynomial to be equal to ± p, and setting a non-target polynomial to be not equal to ± p, to generate a target equation set, wherein the non-target polynomial is an expression in the polynomial except the target polynomial; and solving the target equation set, to generate the symbol sequence. determining, according to the quantity of the reception sampling points, a polynomial a i · a i + p + a i +1 · a i +1+ p +···+ a i + p -1 · a i +2 p -1, i ∈ [0,M - 2 p], wherein the quantity of the reception sampling points is 2 N · p, and 4 ≤ 2 p ≤ M; determining a target polynomial a l 0 · a l 0 +p + a l 0 +1 · a l 0 +1+ p +···+ a l 0 + p -1 · a l 0 +2 p -1, wherein l 0 is a preset integer; setting the target polynomial to be equal to ± p, and setting a non-target polynomial to be not equal to ± p, to generate a target equation set, wherein the non-target polynomial is an expression in the polynomial except the target polynomial; and solving the target equation set, to generate the symbol sequence.