A method of refining alpha-phase grain size in an alpha-beta titanium alloy workpiece, the method comprising: working an alpha-beta titanium alloy at a first working temperature within a first temperature range, wherein the first temperature range is in the alpha-beta phase field of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, and wherein the first temperature range is 167°C (300°F) below the beta transus up to a temperature of 17°C (30°F) below the beta transus temperature of the alloy; slow cooling the alpha-beta titanium alloy from the first working temperature, wherein on completion of working at the first working temperature and slow cooling from the first working temperature, the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a primary globularized alpha-phase particle microstructure, and wherein slow cooling comprises cooling the workpiece at a cooling rate no greater than 3°C (5°F) per minute; working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a second working temperature within a second temperature range, wherein the second working temperature is lower than the first working temperature, wherein the second temperature range is in the alpha-beta phase field of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, and wherein the second temperature range is 333°C (600°F) to 194°C (350°F) below the beta transus temperature of the alloy; and working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a third working temperature in a third temperature range, wherein the third working temperature is lower than the second working temperature, wherein the third temperature range is in the alpha-beta phase field of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, wherein the third temperature range is 538°C (1000°F) to 760°C (1400°F), and wherein after working at the third working temperature, the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a desired refined alpha-phase grain size. working an alpha-beta titanium alloy at a first working temperature within a first temperature range, wherein the first temperature range is in the alpha-beta phase field of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, and wherein the first temperature range is 167°C (300°F) below the beta transus up to a temperature of 17°C (30°F) below the beta transus temperature of the alloy; slow cooling the alpha-beta titanium alloy from the first working temperature, wherein on completion of working at the first working temperature and slow cooling from the first working temperature, the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a primary globularized alpha-phase particle microstructure, and wherein slow cooling comprises cooling the workpiece at a cooling rate no greater than 3°C (5°F) per minute; working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a second working temperature within a second temperature range, wherein the second working temperature is lower than the first working temperature, wherein the second temperature range is in the alpha-beta phase field of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, and wherein the second temperature range is 333°C (600°F) to 194°C (350°F) below the beta transus temperature of the alloy; and working the alpha-beta titanium alloy at a third working temperature in a third temperature range, wherein the third working temperature is lower than the second working temperature, wherein the third temperature range is in the alpha-beta phase field of the alpha-beta titanium alloy, wherein the third temperature range is 538°C (1000°F) to 760°C (1400°F), and wherein after working at the third working temperature, the alpha-beta titanium alloy comprises a desired refined alpha-phase grain size.