A method suitable for tracking the variation in the surface R of the ground and/or the presence of above-ground elements, said method being implemented on a carrier traveling at the speed V = (Vx, Vy, Vz), said carrier comprising at least one transmission/reception antenna, a signal-processing means, said method comprising at least the following steps: a) determination of a waveform h(t), made up of a succession of pulses or a wave train, b) definition of a range of distance to be monitored, c) transmission of said wave h(t) of "chirp" type, FMCW ramps, or a pseudo-random signal, of bandwidth B, recording of the signals reflected by the ground and received by the carrier, d) execution of coherent processing within the element of the wave train in order to obtain the initially fixed distance resolution, the method measuring the distance dj by means of an adaptive distance filtering method or deramping within each reflected pulse/ramp, and e) for a set of N signals reflected at N different instants, for a range of distance and for each angle of sight {θ c i}, performance of processing for the set of signals received by applying the formula translating the Doppler frequency of the reflected signals: f D t ≈ 2 ⁢ v x cos θ C i + v z sin θ C i λ - 2 ⁢ v x sin θ C i - v z cos θ C i 2 λ D 0 ⁢ t where D 0 belongs to the processed range of distance, λ is the wavelength of the transmitted wave, i is an index for an angle of sight, {θ c i} is a given value for an angle of sight belonging to the set of angles explored by the beam, said method being characterized in that: f) application of an energy detection criterion Ej by using a chosen threshold value Es, in order to determine pairs of values dj, θj corresponding to the presence of above-ground elements or of variation of the level of the ground, g) determination of the value of the altitude H below the carrier, h) estimation of the values of the altitudes Hj of the above-ground elements by using the altitude below the aircraft H, the values dj, θj, for example using a trigonometric calculation, i) in light of these values dj, θj, Hj, determination of the features of the above-ground elements, the position pj thereof and the variations Δr in the level of the ground or above-ground. a) determination of a waveform h(t), made up of a succession of pulses or a wave train, b) definition of a range of distance to be monitored, c) transmission of said wave h(t) of "chirp" type, FMCW ramps, or a pseudo-random signal, of bandwidth B, recording of the signals reflected by the ground and received by the carrier, d) execution of coherent processing within the element of the wave train in order to obtain the initially fixed distance resolution, the method measuring the distance dj by means of an adaptive distance filtering method or deramping within each reflected pulse/ramp, and e) for a set of N signals reflected at N different instants, for a range of distance and for each angle of sight {θ c i}, performance of processing for the set of signals received by applying the formula translating the Doppler frequency of the reflected signals: f D t ≈ 2 ⁢ v x cos θ C i + v z sin θ C i λ - 2 ⁢ v x sin θ C i - v z cos θ C i 2 λ D 0 ⁢ t where D 0 belongs to the processed range of distance, λ is the wavelength of the transmitted wave, i is an index for an angle of sight, {θ c i} is a given value for an angle of sight belonging to the set of angles explored by the beam, said method being characterized in that: where D 0 belongs to the processed range of distance, λ is the wavelength of the transmitted wave, i is an index for an angle of sight, {θ c i} is a given value for an angle of sight belonging to the set of angles explored by the beam, said method being characterized in that: f) application of an energy detection criterion Ej by using a chosen threshold value Es, in order to determine pairs of values dj, θj corresponding to the presence of above-ground elements or of variation of the level of the ground, g) determination of the value of the altitude H below the carrier, h) estimation of the values of the altitudes Hj of the above-ground elements by using the altitude below the aircraft H, the values dj, θj, for example using a trigonometric calculation, i) in light of these values dj, θj, Hj, determination of the features of the above-ground elements, the position pj thereof and the variations Δr in the level of the ground or above-ground.