A display substrate, having a plurality of sub-pixels arranged in an array, and comprising a base substrate, a driving circuit layer on the base substrate, a light-emitting device layer on a side of the driving circuit layer away from the base substrate, and a black matrix layer on a side of the light-emitting device layer away from the base substrate, wherein each of the plurality of sub-pixels comprises a pixel driving circuit in the driving circuit layer and a light-emitting device in the light-emitting device layer, the pixel driving circuit is configured to drive the light-emitting device, the black matrix layer comprises a plurality of first light-transmitting openings respectively exposing light-emitting devices of the plurality of sub-pixels in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the base substrate, and a plurality of second light-transmitting openings respectively between the plurality of first light-transmitting openings; and the driving circuit layer comprises a plurality of light-transmitting portions, and each of the plurality of second light-transmitting openings is provided corresponding to at least one of the plurality of light-transmitting portions for transmitting light in a predetermined angle range with the surface of the display substrate; wherein the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, and the plurality of light-transmitting portions comprise a first light-transmitting portion comprised in a pixel driving circuit of the first sub-pixel and a second light-transmitting portion comprised in a pixel driving circuit of the second sub-pixel; characterized in that in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base substrate, the plurality of second light-transmitting openings comprise a first light-transmitting sub-opening at least partially overlapping with the first light-transmitting portion and a second light-transmitting sub-opening at least partially overlapping with the second light-transmitting portion; in a direction parallel to the surface of the base substrate, a plane shape of the first light-transmitting sub-opening is different from a plane shape of the second light-transmitting sub-opening; and a ratio of an area of the first light-transmitting sub-opening to an area of the second light-transmitting sub-opening is greater than or equal to 2. wherein each of the plurality of sub-pixels comprises a pixel driving circuit in the driving circuit layer and a light-emitting device in the light-emitting device layer, the pixel driving circuit is configured to drive the light-emitting device, the black matrix layer comprises a plurality of first light-transmitting openings respectively exposing light-emitting devices of the plurality of sub-pixels in a direction perpendicular to a surface of the base substrate, and a plurality of second light-transmitting openings respectively between the plurality of first light-transmitting openings; and the driving circuit layer comprises a plurality of light-transmitting portions, and each of the plurality of second light-transmitting openings is provided corresponding to at least one of the plurality of light-transmitting portions for transmitting light in a predetermined angle range with the surface of the display substrate; wherein the plurality of sub-pixels comprise a first sub-pixel and a second sub-pixel, and the plurality of light-transmitting portions comprise a first light-transmitting portion comprised in a pixel driving circuit of the first sub-pixel and a second light-transmitting portion comprised in a pixel driving circuit of the second sub-pixel; characterized in that in the direction perpendicular to the surface of the base substrate, the plurality of second light-transmitting openings comprise a first light-transmitting sub-opening at least partially overlapping with the first light-transmitting portion and a second light-transmitting sub-opening at least partially overlapping with the second light-transmitting portion; in a direction parallel to the surface of the base substrate, a plane shape of the first light-transmitting sub-opening is different from a plane shape of the second light-transmitting sub-opening; and a ratio of an area of the first light-transmitting sub-opening to an area of the second light-transmitting sub-opening is greater than or equal to 2.