A high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet, having a tensile strength of 750 MPa or more, comprising: a chemical composition containing, in mass%, C: 0.060 % to 0.250 %, Si: 0.70 % to 1.80 %, Mn: 1.00 % to 2.80 %, P: 0.001 % to 0.100 %, S: 0.0100 % or less, Al: 0.010 % to 0.100 %, N: 0.0100 % or less, and optionally at least one selected from the group consisting of: Mo: 0.50 % or less, Ti: 0.100 % or less, Nb: 0.050 % or less, V: 0.100 % or less, B: 0.0100 % or less, Cr: 0.50 % or less, Cu: 1.00 % or less, Ni: 0.50 % or less, As: 0.500 % or less, Sb: 0.100 % or less, Sn: 0.100 % or less, Ta: 0.100 % or less, Ca: 0.0200 % or less, Mg: 0.0200 % or less, Zn: 0.020 % or less, Co: 0.020 % or less, Zr: 0.020 % or less, and REM: 0.0200 % or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet has a microstructure consisting of, in area ratio, ferrite: 50 % to 90 %, quenched martensite: 1 % to 8 %, tempered martensite: 3 % to 40 %, and retained austenite: 6 % to 15 %, the quenched martensite has an average grain size of 2.5 μm or less, the quenched martensite has an average circularity index of 0.50 or more, the circularity index being defined as 4 πM/D 2, where D is a perimeter of the quenched martensite and M is an area of the quenched martensite, and the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet has a ratio of an area ratio of the quenched martensite f M to a total area ratio of the quenched martensite and the tempered martensite f M+TM, f M /f M+TM, of 50 % or less, wherein the tensile strength, the area ratio of ferrite, the area ratio of quenched martensite, the area ratio of tempered martensite, the area ratio of retained austenite, the average grain size of the quenched martensite, and the average circularity index of the quenched martensite are determined on the basis of the information given in the description. C: 0.060 % to 0.250 %, Si: 0.70 % to 1.80 %, Mn: 1.00 % to 2.80 %, P: 0.001 % to 0.100 %, S: 0.0100 % or less, Al: 0.010 % to 0.100 %, N: 0.0100 % or less, and optionally at least one selected from the group consisting of: Mo: 0.50 % or less, Ti: 0.100 % or less, Nb: 0.050 % or less, V: 0.100 % or less, B: 0.0100 % or less, Cr: 0.50 % or less, Cu: 1.00 % or less, Ni: 0.50 % or less, As: 0.500 % or less, Sb: 0.100 % or less, Sn: 0.100 % or less, Ta: 0.100 % or less, Ca: 0.0200 % or less, Mg: 0.0200 % or less, Zn: 0.020 % or less, Co: 0.020 % or less, Zr: 0.020 % or less, and REM: 0.0200 % or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein Mo: 0.50 % or less, Ti: 0.100 % or less, Nb: 0.050 % or less, V: 0.100 % or less, B: 0.0100 % or less, Cr: 0.50 % or less, Cu: 1.00 % or less, Ni: 0.50 % or less, As: 0.500 % or less, Sb: 0.100 % or less, Sn: 0.100 % or less, Ta: 0.100 % or less, Ca: 0.0200 % or less, Mg: 0.0200 % or less, Zn: 0.020 % or less, Co: 0.020 % or less, Zr: 0.020 % or less, and REM: 0.0200 % or less, with the balance being Fe and inevitable impurities, wherein ferrite: 50 % to 90 %, quenched martensite: 1 % to 8 %, tempered martensite: 3 % to 40 %, and retained austenite: 6 % to 15 %, the quenched martensite has an average grain size of 2.5 μm or less, the quenched martensite has an average circularity index of 0.50 or more, the circularity index being defined as 4 πM/D 2, where D is a perimeter of the quenched martensite and M is an area of the quenched martensite, and the high-strength cold-rolled steel sheet has a ratio of an area ratio of the quenched martensite f M to a total area ratio of the quenched martensite and the tempered martensite f M+TM, f M /f M+TM, of 50 % or less, wherein the tensile strength, the area ratio of ferrite, the area ratio of quenched martensite, the area ratio of tempered martensite, the area ratio of retained austenite, the average grain size of the quenched martensite, and the average circularity index of the quenched martensite are determined on the basis of the information given in the description.