A tumor-specific immunogenic composition comprising two or more mutant peptides or polypeptides, wherein each mutant peptide or polypeptide comprises a tumor-specific neoepitope comprising a tumor-specific mutation selected from a point, splice-site, frameshift, read- through or gene-fusion mutation, for use in a method of vaccinating or treating a subject for cancer, the method comprising: A. selecting the two or more mutant peptides or polypeptides by a method comprising: a. identifying a plurality of tumor mutations in expressed genes of the subject by whole genome or whole exome nucleic acid sequencing of tumor and normal tissue samples from the subject, wherein the mutations are present in the genome of the cancer cells of the subject but not in normal tissue from the subject; wherein when said mutation identified is a: i. point mutation further identifying a mutant peptide having the point mutation; and/or ii. splice-site, frameshift, read-through or gene-fusion mutation further identifying a mutant polypeptide encoded by the mutation; b. applying a validated peptide-MHC binding prediction algorithm to select two or more mutant peptides or polypeptides identified in step (a), each mutant peptide or polypeptide comprising a tumor-specific neoepitope comprising a tumor-specific mutation selected from a point, splice-site, frameshift, read- through or gene-fusion mutation, wherein the tumor-specific neoepitope binds to a class I HLA protein in the subject with a predicted IC50 of less than 150nM; and B. administering the tumor-specific immunogenic composition to the subject. A. selecting the two or more mutant peptides or polypeptides by a method comprising: a. identifying a plurality of tumor mutations in expressed genes of the subject by whole genome or whole exome nucleic acid sequencing of tumor and normal tissue samples from the subject, wherein the mutations are present in the genome of the cancer cells of the subject but not in normal tissue from the subject; wherein when said mutation identified is a: i. point mutation further identifying a mutant peptide having the point mutation; and/or ii. splice-site, frameshift, read-through or gene-fusion mutation further identifying a mutant polypeptide encoded by the mutation; b. applying a validated peptide-MHC binding prediction algorithm to select two or more mutant peptides or polypeptides identified in step (a), each mutant peptide or polypeptide comprising a tumor-specific neoepitope comprising a tumor-specific mutation selected from a point, splice-site, frameshift, read- through or gene-fusion mutation, wherein the tumor-specific neoepitope binds to a class I HLA protein in the subject with a predicted IC50 of less than 150nM; and a. identifying a plurality of tumor mutations in expressed genes of the subject by whole genome or whole exome nucleic acid sequencing of tumor and normal tissue samples from the subject, wherein the mutations are present in the genome of the cancer cells of the subject but not in normal tissue from the subject; wherein when said mutation identified is a: i. point mutation further identifying a mutant peptide having the point mutation; and/or ii. splice-site, frameshift, read-through or gene-fusion mutation further identifying a mutant polypeptide encoded by the mutation; i. point mutation further identifying a mutant peptide having the point mutation; and/or ii. splice-site, frameshift, read-through or gene-fusion mutation further identifying a mutant polypeptide encoded by the mutation; b. applying a validated peptide-MHC binding prediction algorithm to select two or more mutant peptides or polypeptides identified in step (a), each mutant peptide or polypeptide comprising a tumor-specific neoepitope comprising a tumor-specific mutation selected from a point, splice-site, frameshift, read- through or gene-fusion mutation, wherein the tumor-specific neoepitope binds to a class I HLA protein in the subject with a predicted IC50 of less than 150nM; and B. administering the tumor-specific immunogenic composition to the subject.