A method for processing map data applied to an autonomous driving system comprising a controlling unit, a data collecting unit, a data fusing unit, at least one positioning unit, and a map service unit, the method comprising: inputting (S201, S301), by the controlling unit, initial positioning data collected by the data collecting unit to the data fusing unit to obtain fused positioning data, wherein the initial positioning data is data collected by multiple sensors in the data collecting unit without offset processing, and the initial positioning data and the fused positioning data are data in a first coordinate system; performing, by the controlling unit, the offset processing on the fused positioning data to obtain offset positioning data, wherein the offset processing comprises encrypting the fused positioning data in the first coordinate system to data in a second coordinate system by means of a one-way mapping; acquiring, by the controlling unit, image data and radar data collected by the data collecting unit; acquiring, by the controlling unit, a map in the second coordinate system through the map service unit; inputting, by the controlling unit, the image data, the radar data, the map in the second coordinate system, and the offset positioning data to the at least one positioning unit to obtain a relative positioning data output by the at least one positioning unit, wherein the positioning unit is configured for map matching processing and comprises at least one of a lane-level positioning unit and a road-level positioning unit; correcting, by the controlling unit, the offset positioning data according to the relative positioning data output to obtain target positioning data, wherein the target positioning data is data in the second coordinate system; and determining (S203, S307), by the controlling unit, a position of a vehicle corresponding to the autonomous driving system according to the target positioning data. inputting (S201, S301), by the controlling unit, initial positioning data collected by the data collecting unit to the data fusing unit to obtain fused positioning data, wherein the initial positioning data is data collected by multiple sensors in the data collecting unit without offset processing, and the initial positioning data and the fused positioning data are data in a first coordinate system; performing, by the controlling unit, the offset processing on the fused positioning data to obtain offset positioning data, wherein the offset processing comprises encrypting the fused positioning data in the first coordinate system to data in a second coordinate system by means of a one-way mapping; acquiring, by the controlling unit, image data and radar data collected by the data collecting unit; acquiring, by the controlling unit, a map in the second coordinate system through the map service unit; inputting, by the controlling unit, the image data, the radar data, the map in the second coordinate system, and the offset positioning data to the at least one positioning unit to obtain a relative positioning data output by the at least one positioning unit, wherein the positioning unit is configured for map matching processing and comprises at least one of a lane-level positioning unit and a road-level positioning unit; correcting, by the controlling unit, the offset positioning data according to the relative positioning data output to obtain target positioning data, wherein the target positioning data is data in the second coordinate system; and determining (S203, S307), by the controlling unit, a position of a vehicle corresponding to the autonomous driving system according to the target positioning data.