A process for the manufacture of hydrogel-based microcapsules, containing Sertoli cells, comprising the following steps: production of a homogeneous suspension of SC with purity, in terms of cell composition, higher than 90%, in a saline solution of ultrapure sodium alginate with a concentration ranging from 1 to 5% w/v, wherein said ultrapure sodium alginate exhibits an endotoxin content not exceeding 20 EU/g and a protein content lower than 0.4%; aspiration of said suspension at a speed between 10 and 60 ml/minute and introduction into a needle-type element; control of pressure of a fluid current, wherein said fluid is air; extrusion of said suspension inside said needle-type element through immission of a fluid stream of 3 - 7 liter/min thereby obtaining a continuous flow of microdroplets showing homogeneous dimensions; introduction of said microdroplets of said flow into an aqueous solution containing divalent cations or polycationic substances with resulting gelification and obtainment of said microcapsules having a mean diameter of 300 microns (μm) with a standard deviation below 40 microns (μm), wherein said fluid stream is obtained by a generator and said control of pressure before being used in said extrusion step undergoes the following steps: pressure reduction to obtain a pressure fall in the transient stage flux/no flux lower than 0.3 bar; regulation in order to obtain higher reproducibility in the transient stage flux/no flux and a linear correlation between numbers of routes and produced fluid stream; regulation and tuning of the outflowing stream between 0 and 10 NL/min. production of a homogeneous suspension of SC with purity, in terms of cell composition, higher than 90%, in a saline solution of ultrapure sodium alginate with a concentration ranging from 1 to 5% w/v, wherein said ultrapure sodium alginate exhibits an endotoxin content not exceeding 20 EU/g and a protein content lower than 0.4%; aspiration of said suspension at a speed between 10 and 60 ml/minute and introduction into a needle-type element; control of pressure of a fluid current, wherein said fluid is air; extrusion of said suspension inside said needle-type element through immission of a fluid stream of 3 - 7 liter/min thereby obtaining a continuous flow of microdroplets showing homogeneous dimensions; introduction of said microdroplets of said flow into an aqueous solution containing divalent cations or polycationic substances with resulting gelification and obtainment of said microcapsules having a mean diameter of 300 microns (μm) with a standard deviation below 40 microns (μm), wherein said fluid stream is obtained by a generator and said control of pressure before being used in said extrusion step undergoes the following steps: pressure reduction to obtain a pressure fall in the transient stage flux/no flux lower than 0.3 bar; regulation in order to obtain higher reproducibility in the transient stage flux/no flux and a linear correlation between numbers of routes and produced fluid stream; regulation and tuning of the outflowing stream between 0 and 10 NL/min. pressure reduction to obtain a pressure fall in the transient stage flux/no flux lower than 0.3 bar; regulation in order to obtain higher reproducibility in the transient stage flux/no flux and a linear correlation between numbers of routes and produced fluid stream; regulation and tuning of the outflowing stream between 0 and 10 NL/min.