Process for the preparation of a catalyst comprising an active phase comprising molybdenum and nickel and/or cobalt, and an oxide matrix predominantly composed of alumina, said catalyst comprising a total pore volume of at least 0.6 ml/g, a macropore volume of between 10.0% and 40.0% of the total pore volume, a mesopore volume of at least 0.5 ml/g and a mean mesopore diameter of greater than 5.0 nm, said total pore volume, said macropore volume and said mesopore volume being measured using the mercury intrusion method according to Standard ASTM D4284-83, said process comprising the following stages: a) a stage of preparation of an aqueous solution of aluminium precursors comprising a first acidic aluminium precursor, chosen from aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride, aluminium nitrate and their mixtures, and a first basic aluminium precursor, chosen from sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and their mixtures; b) a stage of bringing the solution obtained on conclusion of stage a) into contact with a second basic precursor, chosen from sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and their mixtures, and with a second acidic precursor chosen from aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride, aluminium nitrate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and their mixtures, in order to obtain a suspension, with at least one of the second basic or acidic precursors comprising aluminium, the relative flow rate of the second acidic and basic precursors being chosen so as to obtain a pH of the reaction medium of between 7.0 and 10.0 and the flow rate of the second acidic and basic precursor(s) containing aluminium being adjusted so as to obtain a concentration as alumina equivalent in the suspension of between 10.0 and 80.0 g/l, at a temperature of between 20.0 and 90.0°C and over a time of between 1 and 75 minutes; c) filtration and washing of the suspension obtained in stage b) in order to obtain a boehmite cake; d) preparation of a clear aqueous solution at a pH of between 3.5 and 8.0, comprising a salt of heteropolyanion of Keggin and/or lacunary Keggin and/or substituted lacunary Keggin and/or Anderson and/or Strandberg type and their mixtures, said salt exhibiting, in its structure, molybdenum and cobalt and/or nickel; e) cokneading of the boehmite cake obtained on conclusion of stage c) with the clear aqueous solution obtained on conclusion of stage d) in order to form a paste; f) shaping of the paste obtained on conclusion of stage e) in order to form grains of catalyst precursor; g) drying of the grains obtained on conclusion of stage f), at a temperature of less than 250.0°C, in order to obtain dried grains of catalyst precursor; h) calcination of the dried grains obtained on conclusion of stage g), at a temperature of between 250.0 and 1000.0°C. a) a stage of preparation of an aqueous solution of aluminium precursors comprising a first acidic aluminium precursor, chosen from aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride, aluminium nitrate and their mixtures, and a first basic aluminium precursor, chosen from sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and their mixtures; b) a stage of bringing the solution obtained on conclusion of stage a) into contact with a second basic precursor, chosen from sodium aluminate, potassium aluminate, ammonia, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and their mixtures, and with a second acidic precursor chosen from aluminium sulfate, aluminium chloride, aluminium nitrate, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and their mixtures, in order to obtain a suspension, with at least one of the second basic or acidic precursors comprising aluminium, the relative flow rate of the second acidic and basic precursors being chosen so as to obtain a pH of the reaction medium of between 7.0 and 10.0 and the flow rate of the second acidic and basic precursor(s) containing aluminium being adjusted so as to obtain a concentration as alumina equivalent in the suspension of between 10.0 and 80.0 g/l, at a temperature of between 20.0 and 90.0°C and over a time of between 1 and 75 minutes; c) filtration and washing of the suspension obtained in stage b) in order to obtain a boehmite cake; d) preparation of a clear aqueous solution at a pH of between 3.5 and 8.0, comprising a salt of heteropolyanion of Keggin and/or lacunary Keggin and/or substituted lacunary Keggin and/or Anderson and/or Strandberg type and their mixtures, said salt exhibiting, in its structure, molybdenum and cobalt and/or nickel; e) cokneading of the boehmite cake obtained on conclusion of stage c) with the clear aqueous solution obtained on conclusion of stage d) in order to form a paste; f) shaping of the paste obtained on conclusion of stage e) in order to form grains of catalyst precursor; g) drying of the grains obtained on conclusion of stage f), at a temperature of less than 250.0°C, in order to obtain dried grains of catalyst precursor; h) calcination of the dried grains obtained on conclusion of stage g), at a temperature of between 250.0 and 1000.0°C.