A charge and discharge monitoring circuit comprising a capacitor bank (110, 210, 310, 410, 510) and a power supply (120, 220, 320, 420, 520) configured to power the capacitor bank; further comprising: a first switch group (130, 230, 330, 430, 530), wherein a first switch interface of the first switch group is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply, and a second switch interface of the first switch group is connected to a positive electrode of the capacitor bank; a second switch group (140, 240, 340, 440, 540), wherein a first switch interface of the second switch group is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply, and a second switch interface of the second switch group is connected to a negative electrode of the capacitor bank; a discharge module (150, 250, 350, 450, 550), wherein an input terminal of the discharge module is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor bank, and an output terminal of the discharge module is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor bank; a voltage detection circuit (160, 260, 360, 460, 560), wherein a first detection terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a third switch interface of the first switch group, and a second detection terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a third switch interface of the second switch group, the voltage detection circuit is configured to monitor a charge voltage signal of the capacitor bank and monitor a discharge voltage signal of the discharge module; a controller (170, 270, 370, 470, 570), wherein the controller is respectively connected to an output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, a control interface of the first switch group, a control interface of the second switch group and a control terminal of the discharge module; wherein the controller is configured to, when receiving a charge monitoring instruction, control the discharge module to turn off, and control the first switch group and the second switch group to turn on, and acquire a charge voltage signal to obtain a charge voltage; wherein the controller is configured to, when receiving a discharge monitoring instruction, control the discharge module to turn on, and control the first switch group and the second switch group to turn off, and acquire a discharge voltage signal to obtain a discharge voltage. a first switch group (130, 230, 330, 430, 530), wherein a first switch interface of the first switch group is connected to a positive electrode of the power supply, and a second switch interface of the first switch group is connected to a positive electrode of the capacitor bank; a second switch group (140, 240, 340, 440, 540), wherein a first switch interface of the second switch group is connected to a negative electrode of the power supply, and a second switch interface of the second switch group is connected to a negative electrode of the capacitor bank; a discharge module (150, 250, 350, 450, 550), wherein an input terminal of the discharge module is connected to the positive electrode of the capacitor bank, and an output terminal of the discharge module is connected to the negative electrode of the capacitor bank; a voltage detection circuit (160, 260, 360, 460, 560), wherein a first detection terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a third switch interface of the first switch group, and a second detection terminal of the voltage detection circuit is connected to a third switch interface of the second switch group, the voltage detection circuit is configured to monitor a charge voltage signal of the capacitor bank and monitor a discharge voltage signal of the discharge module; a controller (170, 270, 370, 470, 570), wherein the controller is respectively connected to an output terminal of the voltage detection circuit, a control interface of the first switch group, a control interface of the second switch group and a control terminal of the discharge module; wherein the controller is configured to, when receiving a charge monitoring instruction, control the discharge module to turn off, and control the first switch group and the second switch group to turn on, and acquire a charge voltage signal to obtain a charge voltage; wherein the controller is configured to, when receiving a discharge monitoring instruction, control the discharge module to turn on, and control the first switch group and the second switch group to turn off, and acquire a discharge voltage signal to obtain a discharge voltage.