A facet joint replacement system, comprising: a facet joint replacement device comprising: an enclosing element comprising: an enclosing body comprising: a superior end having an opening; an inferior end; an inner cavity defined by an interior surface of the enclosing body, wherein a portion of the interior surface of the enclosing body forms a superior articulating surface; and an opening configured to receive a fastener; and an inferior attachment member extending from the enclosing body, the inferior attachment member configured to be fixed with respect to an inferior vertebral body; and an inferior articulating element comprising: an articulating body positioned within the inner cavity of the enclosing body of the enclosing element, the articulating body configured to move within the inner cavity of the enclosing body of the enclosing element, wherein the articulating body comprises: a superior end; an inferior end forming an inferior articulating surface; and a channel (444, 446) configured to align with the opening configured to receive the fastener when in a particular position or range of particular positions within the enclosing body and receive the fastener when aligned with the opening configured to receive the fastener; and a superior attachment member extending from the superior end of the articulating body and superior to the opening of the superior end of the enclosing body, the superior attachment member configured to be fixed with respect to a superior vertebral body. an enclosing element comprising: an enclosing body comprising: a superior end having an opening; an inferior end; an inner cavity defined by an interior surface of the enclosing body, wherein a portion of the interior surface of the enclosing body forms a superior articulating surface; and an opening configured to receive a fastener; and an inferior attachment member extending from the enclosing an enclosing body comprising: a superior end having an opening; an inferior end; an inner cavity defined by an interior surface of the enclosing body, wherein a portion of the interior surface of the enclosing body forms a superior articulating surface; and an opening configured to receive a fastener; and a superior end having an opening; an inferior end; an inner cavity defined by an interior surface of the enclosing body, wherein a portion of the interior surface of the enclosing body forms a superior articulating surface; and an opening configured to receive a fastener; an inferior attachment member extending from the enclosing body, the inferior attachment member configured to be fixed with respect to an inferior vertebral body; and an inferior articulating element comprising: an articulating body positioned within the inner cavity of the enclosing body of the enclosing element, the articulating body configured to move within the inner cavity of the enclosing body of the enclosing element, wherein the articulating body comprises: a superior end; an inferior end forming an inferior articulating surface; and a channel (444, 446) configured to align with the opening configured to receive the fastener when in a particular position or range of particular positions within the enclosing body and receive the fastener when aligned with the opening configured to receive the fastener; and a superior attachment member extending from the superior an articulating body positioned within the inner cavity of the enclosing body of the enclosing element, the articulating body configured to move within the inner cavity of the enclosing body of the enclosing element, wherein the articulating body comprises: a superior end; an inferior end forming an inferior articulating surface; and a channel (444, 446) configured to align with the opening configured to receive the fastener when in a particular position or range of particular positions within the enclosing body and receive the fastener when aligned with the opening configured to receive the fastener; and a superior end; an inferior end forming an inferior articulating surface; and a channel (444, 446) configured to align with the opening configured to receive the fastener when in a particular position or range of particular positions within the enclosing body and receive the fastener when aligned with the opening configured to receive the fastener; and a superior attachment member extending from the superior end of the articulating body and superior to the opening of the superior end of the enclosing body, the superior attachment member configured to be fixed with respect to a superior vertebral body.