A thermodynamic system for cooling or heating at least a first container containing food products of the liquid or semi-liquid type, comprising a circuit employing a heat exchanger fluid, having at least: - a compressor having at least one inlet for the heat exchanger fluid and one outlet for the heat exchanger fluid; - a first heat exchanger connected to the outlet of the compressor; - at least one first expansion element connected to an outlet of the first heat exchanger; - a second heat exchanger which can be associated with the first container and which has an inlet connected to an outlet of the at least one first expansion element; - a return duct having an inlet portion connected to an outlet of the second heat exchanger and an outlet portion connected to the inlet of the compressor; - a device for reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid, associated with the circuit for receiving at least a portion of the heat exchanger fluid, having an inlet and an outlet and configured to reduce the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid flowing between its inlet and its outlet, its outlet being connected in proximity to the heat exchanger fluid inlet of the compressor or inside the compressor; - means for regulating the flow of the heat exchanger fluid traversing the temperature reducing device, acting on the flow of the heat exchanger fluid in transit through the device for reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid between a minimum flow configuration and a maximum flow configuration; characterised in that it further comprises: - a control and drive unit operating on the flow regulating means in order to drive them, wherein the device for reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid comprises a pressure reducing element wherein a branch of the circuit is arranged parallel to the pressure reducing element, and the means for regulating the flow in the temperature reducing device comprise a valve acting on the branch of the circuit parallel to the pressure reducing element to close or open the branch of the circuit parallel to the pressure reducing element and wherein the pressure reducing element is disposed along the return duct, upstream of the compressor, and the valve and branch of the circuit parallel to temperature reducing device are also disposed along the return duct, upstream of the compressor. - a compressor having at least one inlet for the heat exchanger fluid and one outlet for the heat exchanger fluid; - a first heat exchanger connected to the outlet of the compressor; - at least one first expansion element connected to an outlet of the first heat exchanger; - a second heat exchanger which can be associated with the first container and which has an inlet connected to an outlet of the at least one first expansion element; - a return duct having an inlet portion connected to an outlet of the second heat exchanger and an outlet portion connected to the inlet of the compressor; - a device for reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid, associated with the circuit for receiving at least a portion of the heat exchanger fluid, having an inlet and an outlet and configured to reduce the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid flowing between its inlet and its outlet, its outlet being connected in proximity to the heat exchanger fluid inlet of the compressor or inside the compressor; - means for regulating the flow of the heat exchanger fluid traversing the temperature reducing device, acting on the flow of the heat exchanger fluid in transit through the device for reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid between a minimum flow configuration and a maximum flow configuration; - a control and drive unit operating on the flow regulating means in order to drive them, wherein the device for reducing the temperature of the heat exchanger fluid comprises a pressure reducing element wherein a branch of the circuit is arranged parallel to the pressure reducing element, and the means for regulating the flow in the temperature reducing device comprise a valve acting on the branch of the circuit parallel to the pressure reducing element to close or open the branch of the circuit parallel to the pressure reducing element and wherein the pressure reducing element is disposed along the return duct, upstream of the compressor, and the valve and branch of the circuit parallel to temperature reducing device are also disposed along the return duct, upstream of the compressor.