A timing adjustment method, comprising: determining, by a base station, timing advance,TA, of a terminal; and adjusting, by the base station according to the TA, a moment for the terminal to transmit an uplink signal; wherein the uplink signal comprises an acknowledgement, ACK, or a negative acknowledgement, NACK, of downlink data returned by the terminal to the base station after the terminal receives downlink scheduling information and downlink data sent by the base station, and the adjusting, by the base station according to the TA, the moment for the terminal to transmit the uplink signal, includes: determining, by the base station according to the TA, a time adjustment amount P for the terminal to transmit the ACK/NACK, wherein the time adjustment amount P represents p transmission time intervals, indicates that the terminal transmits the ACK/NACK after p transmission time intervals after receiving the downlink scheduling information, or indicates that the terminal transmits the ACK/NACK after p transmission time intervals based on a transmission time interval for transmitting the ACK/NACK defined in a current LTE system, p is a positive integer; and transmitting, by the base station, adjustment information to the terminal through the downlink scheduling information, wherein the adjustment information comprises the time adjustment amount P. determining, by a base station, timing advance,TA, of a terminal; and adjusting, by the base station according to the TA, a moment for the terminal to transmit an uplink signal; wherein the uplink signal comprises an acknowledgement, ACK, or a negative acknowledgement, NACK, of downlink data returned by the terminal to the base station after the terminal receives downlink scheduling information and downlink data sent by the base station, and the adjusting, by the base station according to the TA, the moment for the terminal to transmit the uplink signal, includes: determining, by the base station according to the TA, a time adjustment amount P for the terminal to transmit the ACK/NACK, wherein the time adjustment amount P represents p transmission time intervals, indicates that the terminal transmits the ACK/NACK after p transmission time intervals after receiving the downlink scheduling information, or indicates that the terminal transmits the ACK/NACK after p transmission time intervals based on a transmission time interval for transmitting the ACK/NACK defined in a current LTE system, p is a positive integer; and transmitting, by the base station, adjustment information to the terminal through the downlink scheduling information, wherein the adjustment information comprises the time adjustment amount P. determining, by the base station according to the TA, a time adjustment amount P for the terminal to transmit the ACK/NACK, wherein the time adjustment amount P represents p transmission time intervals, indicates that the terminal transmits the ACK/NACK after p transmission time intervals after receiving the downlink scheduling information, or indicates that the terminal transmits the ACK/NACK after p transmission time intervals based on a transmission time interval for transmitting the ACK/NACK defined in a current LTE system, p is a positive integer; and transmitting, by the base station, adjustment information to the terminal through the downlink scheduling information, wherein the adjustment information comprises the time adjustment amount P.