Aqueous dispersions, preferably aqueous emulsions, comprising precrosslinked organopolysiloxanes which contain on average at least one structural unit of the general formula SiRO 2/2 -Y-SiRO 2/2 and units of the formula R 2 SiO 2/2, where Y is a radical of the formula -R 2 -[NR 3 -R 4 -] x -NR 3 _OC-[C(Z 1)] k1 -[C(Z 2)] k2 -CO-NR 3 -[R 4 - NR 3] x -R 2, R may be identical or different and denotes a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and may contain one or more heteroatoms from the group of N, P, S, O, and halogen, R 2 denotes an SiC-bonded, divalent linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R 3 denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an acyl radical, such as acetyl radical, and preferably is a hydrogen atom, R 4 denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, k1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, k2 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 1, Z 1 is -OH, H or -NHR 3, Z 2 is -OH, H or -NHR 3, with the proviso that the sum k1 + k2 is ≥ 1 and that at least one radical Z 1 or Z 2 is a hydroxyl or NHR 3 group, preferably a hydroxyl group, and so the bridging group Y contains at least one hydroxyl or NHR 3 group, preferably at least one hydroxyl group. and units of the formula R 2 SiO 2/2, where Y is a radical of the formula -R 2 -[NR 3 -R 4 -] x -NR 3 _OC-[C(Z 1)] k1 -[C(Z 2)] k2 -CO-NR 3 -[R 4 - NR 3] x -R 2, R may be identical or different and denotes a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and may contain one or more heteroatoms from the group of N, P, S, O, and halogen, R 2 denotes an SiC-bonded, divalent linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R 3 denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an acyl radical, such as acetyl radical, and preferably is a hydrogen atom, R 4 denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, k1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, k2 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 1, Z 1 is -OH, H or -NHR 3, Z 2 is -OH, H or -NHR 3, Y is a radical of the formula -R 2 -[NR 3 -R 4 -] x -NR 3 _OC-[C(Z 1)] k1 -[C(Z 2)] k2 -CO-NR 3 -[R 4 - NR 3] x -R 2, R may be identical or different and denotes a monovalent hydrocarbon radical which has 1 to 18 carbon atoms and may contain one or more heteroatoms from the group of N, P, S, O, and halogen, R 2 denotes an SiC-bonded, divalent linear or branched hydrocarbon radical having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene radical having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, R 3 denotes a hydrogen atom, an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an acyl radical, such as acetyl radical, and preferably is a hydrogen atom, R 4 denotes a divalent hydrocarbon radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably an alkylene radical having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, k1 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, k2 is 0, 1, 2 or 3, x is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, preferably 0 or 1, Z 1 is -OH, H or -NHR 3, Z 2 is -OH, H or -NHR 3, with the proviso that the sum k1 + k2 is ≥ 1 and that at least one radical Z 1 or Z 2 is a hydroxyl or NHR 3 group, preferably a hydroxyl group, and so the bridging group Y contains at least one hydroxyl or NHR 3 group, preferably at least one hydroxyl group.