A data forwarding method, comprising: receiving, by a first node, a first data packet, wherein the first data packet comprises first data and an identifier of a second node, and the identifier of the second node comprises an identifier of a root node serving user equipment or an identifier of a node directly connected to the user equipment acting as a relay node to the root node of the user equipment and that serves the user equipment; querying, by the first node, a first route mapping relationship based on the identifier of the second node, to determine a third node, wherein the first route mapping relationship comprises a correspondence between the second node and the third node, and the third node is a next-hop node that is indicated in the first route mapping relationship and that the first data packet reaches after passing through the first node; and forwarding, by the first node, the first data to the third node; characterized in that, wherein the first data packet further comprises transmission path information of the first data, the transmission path information is used by the first node for further determining the third node; wherein before determining, by the first node, the third node based on the transmission path information of the first data, the method further comprises: if the first data packet is an uplink data packet and the first node is a node directly connected to the user equipment acting as a relay node to the root node of the user equipment and that serves the user equipment; or if the first data packet is a downlink data packet and the first node is the root node that serves the user equipment: adding, by the first node, the transmission path information of the first data to the first data packet. receiving, by a first node, a first data packet, wherein the first data packet comprises first data and an identifier of a second node, and the identifier of the second node comprises an identifier of a root node serving user equipment or an identifier of a node directly connected to the user equipment acting as a relay node to the root node of the user equipment and that serves the user equipment; querying, by the first node, a first route mapping relationship based on the identifier of the second node, to determine a third node, wherein the first route mapping relationship comprises a correspondence between the second node and the third node, and the third node is a next-hop node that is indicated in the first route mapping relationship and that the first data packet reaches after passing through the first node; and forwarding, by the first node, the first data to the third node; characterized in that, wherein the first data packet further comprises transmission path information of the first data, the transmission path information is used by the first node for further determining the third node; wherein before determining, by the first node, the third node based on the transmission path information of the first data, the method further comprises: if the first data packet is an uplink data packet and the first node is a node directly connected to the user equipment acting as a relay node to the root node of the user equipment and that serves the user equipment; or if the first data packet is a downlink data packet and the first node is the root node that serves the user equipment: adding, by the first node, the transmission path information of the first data to the first data packet. if the first data packet is an uplink data packet and the first node is a node directly connected to the user equipment acting as a relay node to the root node of the user equipment and that serves the user equipment; or if the first data packet is a downlink data packet and the first node is the root node that serves the user equipment: adding, by the first node, the transmission path information of the first data to the first data packet.