An emergency shutoff device comprising: a casing (21, 41) in which an inflow port (221, 421) through which control oil flows into a space provided therein and a plurality of outflow ports (23, 43) through which the control oil flows outside of the space are formed; and a switching unit (24, 44) configured to slide along an inner circumferential surface of the casing in which the space is formed, to change its position relative to the plurality of outflow ports, and thus to switch a circulation state of the control oil in the space, wherein the casing includes, as the plurality of outflow ports, a first outflow port through which the control oil flowing into the space through the inflow port flows out and the control oil reversely flows into the space, a second outflow port (232, 432) through which the control oil flowing into the space through the inflow port flows out, a discharge port (233, 433) through which the control oil reversely flowing into the space through the first outflow port is discharged, and a test outflow port, (236, 434) an open and closed state of which is switched through the switching unit when an operation test is performed, and wherein the switching unit switches the circulation state between a first circulation state in which the control oil is circulated from the inflow port to the first outflow port, a second circulation state in which the control oil is circulated from the inflow port to the second outflow port and the control oil reversely flowing from the first outflow port is circulated to the discharge port, and a third circulation state in which an open and closed state of the test outflow port is switched while the control oil is being circulated from the inflow port to the first outflow port. a casing (21, 41) in which an inflow port (221, 421) through which control oil flows into a space provided therein and a plurality of outflow ports (23, 43) through which the control oil flows outside of the space are formed; and a switching unit (24, 44) configured to slide along an inner circumferential surface of the casing in which the space is formed, to change its position relative to the plurality of outflow ports, and thus to switch a circulation state of the control oil in the space, wherein the casing includes, as the plurality of outflow ports, a first outflow port through which the control oil flowing into the space through the inflow port flows out and the control oil reversely flows into the space, a second outflow port (232, 432) through which the control oil flowing into the space through the inflow port flows out, a discharge port (233, 433) through which the control oil reversely flowing into the space through the first outflow port is discharged, and a test outflow port, (236, 434) an open and closed state of which is switched through the switching unit when an operation test is performed, and wherein the switching unit switches the circulation state between a first circulation state in which the control oil is circulated from the inflow port to the first outflow port, a second circulation state in which the control oil is circulated from the inflow port to the second outflow port and the control oil reversely flowing from the first outflow port is circulated to the discharge port, and a third circulation state in which an open and closed state of the test outflow port is switched while the control oil is being circulated from the inflow port to the first outflow port.