A retrofit aerosol delivery system for existing respiration systems, comprising: an aerosol generator comprising a vibratable member, a conduit adapter defining an open interior, the conduit adapter being configured to be fluidly coupled between an artificial respiration system (14, 80) and a delivery lumen (18, 16, 82) that interfaces with a patient's airway, wherein the delivery lumen forms part of a nasal cannula, facemask, mouthpiece, endotracheal tube, LMA, or a tracheostomy tube configured to fluidly couple to the conduit adapter and the aerosol generator, wherein the aerosol generator is coupled with the conduit adapter such that an output of the aerosol generator is in fluid communication with the open interior of the conduit adapter, the aerosol generator being configured to aerosolize a fluid for delivery to the patient's airway via the open interior of the conduit adapter; a gas delivery conduit coupled to said artificial respiration system (14, 80) for delivery of gas to said delivery lumen (18, 16, 82), a breath sensor configured to generate a signal during ventilation, said breath sensor including at least one flow sensor coupled to the gas delivery conduit; and a controller coupled to the aerosol generator and the breath sensor, wherein the controller receives the signal from the breath sensor and controls the aerosol generator to start aerosolizing the fluid before and/or during portions of the breath, in which the controller receives signals from the breath sensor and detects a breathing pattern in response to the signals, a pump coupled to the aerosol generator via a fluid line, wherein the pump is configured to pump the fluid to the aerosol generator via the fluid line, and wherein the controller controls a flow of the fluid to the aerosol generator in response to the signal, wherein the artificial respiration system comprises at least one of a ventilator and a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, wherein the aerosol delivery system includes flow sensors that couple to the gas delivery conduit and to a gas return conduit, the controller is configured to receive data from said flow sensors and to monitor breathing patterns to predict when a patient is going to breathe, and by predicting when inhalation begins the aerosol delivery system prepares aerosolized medicament for immediate inhalation, and wherein the aerosol delivery system is adapted to preload fluid on the vibratable member in the aerosol generator so that the fluid can be aerosolized before inhalation and the flow sensor can rapidly detect unusual or spontaneous inhalation for aerosol delivery in less than 10 milliseconds from the start of inhalation. an aerosol generator comprising a vibratable member, a conduit adapter defining an open interior, the conduit adapter being configured to be fluidly coupled between an artificial respiration system (14, 80) and a delivery lumen (18, 16, 82) that interfaces with a patient's airway, wherein the delivery lumen forms part of a nasal cannula, facemask, mouthpiece, endotracheal tube, LMA, or a tracheostomy tube configured to fluidly couple to the conduit adapter and the aerosol generator, wherein the aerosol generator is coupled with the conduit adapter such that an output of the aerosol generator is in fluid communication with the open interior of the conduit adapter, the aerosol generator being configured to aerosolize a fluid for delivery to the patient's airway via the open interior of the conduit adapter; a gas delivery conduit coupled to said artificial respiration system (14, 80) for delivery of gas to said delivery lumen (18, 16, 82), a breath sensor configured to generate a signal during ventilation, said breath sensor including at least one flow sensor coupled to the gas delivery conduit; and a controller coupled to the aerosol generator and the breath sensor, wherein the controller receives the signal from the breath sensor and controls the aerosol generator to start aerosolizing the fluid before and/or during portions of the breath, in which the controller receives signals from the breath sensor and detects a breathing pattern in response to the signals, a pump coupled to the aerosol generator via a fluid line, wherein the pump is configured to pump the fluid to the aerosol generator via the fluid line, and wherein the controller controls a flow of the fluid to the aerosol generator in response to the signal, wherein the artificial respiration system comprises at least one of a ventilator and a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine, wherein the aerosol delivery system includes flow sensors that couple to the gas delivery conduit and to a gas return conduit, the controller is configured to receive data from said flow sensors and to monitor breathing patterns to predict when a patient is going to breathe, and by predicting when inhalation begins the aerosol delivery system prepares aerosolized medicament for immediate inhalation, and wherein the aerosol delivery system is adapted to preload fluid on the vibratable member in the aerosol generator so that the fluid can be aerosolized before inhalation and the flow sensor can rapidly detect unusual or spontaneous inhalation for aerosol delivery in less than 10 milliseconds from the start of inhalation.