A solar cell, comprising: a substrate of a first conductive type; an emitter layer of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type on a front face of the substrate; at least one first electrode on the emitter layer and electrically connected to the emitter layer; a passivation layer on a rear face of the substrate, the passivation layer including a plurality of exposing portions to expose respective portions of the substrate through the passivation layer; and an electrode conductive layer on the passivation layer, the electrode conductive layer including a plurality of second electrodes electrically connected to the substrate through the plurality of exposing portions, wherein in each of the plurality of exposing portions, an area of an exposed surface of the substrate is greater than an area of a virtual interface that is coplanar with an interface between the substrate and the passivation layer and which is located over the exposed surface of the substrate, wherein each of the plurality of exposing portions includes an indented portion delimited by the exposed surface of the substrate and the virtual interface, wherein the plurality of exposing portions include an exposing portion perpendicular to the passivation layer and a plurality of exposing portions that are inclined to the passivation layer, wherein each of the plurality of exposing portions has an inclination angle between 45 and 90 degrees, the inclination angle of an exposing portion being defined between the central axis of the exposing portion and the passivation layer, wherein the inclination angle of each of the plurality of inclined exposing portions varies depending on its distance from the perpendicular exposing portion, wherein the central axes of the plurality of exposing portions all meet in one point. a substrate of a first conductive type; an emitter layer of a second conductive type opposite the first conductive type on a front face of the substrate; at least one first electrode on the emitter layer and electrically connected to the emitter layer; a passivation layer on a rear face of the substrate, the passivation layer including a plurality of exposing portions to expose respective portions of the substrate through the passivation layer; and an electrode conductive layer on the passivation layer, the electrode conductive layer including a plurality of second electrodes electrically connected to the substrate through the plurality of exposing portions, wherein in each of the plurality of exposing portions, an area of an exposed surface of the substrate is greater than an area of a virtual interface that is coplanar with an interface between the substrate and the passivation layer and which is located over the exposed surface of the substrate, wherein each of the plurality of exposing portions includes an indented portion delimited by the exposed surface of the substrate and the virtual interface, wherein the plurality of exposing portions include an exposing portion perpendicular to the passivation layer and a plurality of exposing portions that are inclined to the passivation layer, wherein each of the plurality of exposing portions has an inclination angle between 45 and 90 degrees, the inclination angle of an exposing portion being defined between the central axis of the exposing portion and the passivation layer, wherein the inclination angle of each of the plurality of inclined exposing portions varies depending on its distance from the perpendicular exposing portion, wherein the central axes of the plurality of exposing portions all meet in one point.