A shoe sole structure having a reinforcement device, the shoe sole structure comprising: an outsole having a tread surface and an upper surface opposite to the tread surface; a midsole having a lower surface attached to the upper surface of the outsole; and a reinforcement device that is attached to the lower surface of the midsole and that is harder than the midsole and the outsole, wherein: the midsole includes a forefoot portion, a middle foot portion and a rear foot portion, and includes a medial edge portion, a lateral edge portion and a central portion between the medial edge portion and the lateral edge portion; the reinforcement device is placed in the middle foot portion so as to extend from the medial edge portion to the lateral edge portion; the reinforcement device includes a first longitudinal portion, a first bar and a second bar that are seamlessly integral together, the first longitudinal portion extending in a front-rear direction in the medial edge portion of the middle foot portion; characterized in that: the first bar extends from a posterior end portion of the first longitudinal portion diagonally across the central portion in a diagonal anterior (Yl) direction toward a lateral side to the lateral edge portion; and the second bar is spaced apart from the first bar, extending from a position that is anterior to the posterior end portion of the first longitudinal portion diagonally across the central portion in the diagonal anterior direction toward the lateral side to the lateral edge portion. an outsole having a tread surface and an upper surface opposite to the tread surface; a midsole having a lower surface attached to the upper surface of the outsole; and a reinforcement device that is attached to the lower surface of the midsole and that is harder than the midsole and the outsole, wherein: the midsole includes a forefoot portion, a middle foot portion and a rear foot portion, and includes a medial edge portion, a lateral edge portion and a central portion between the medial edge portion and the lateral edge portion; the reinforcement device is placed in the middle foot portion so as to extend from the medial edge portion to the lateral edge portion; the reinforcement device includes a first longitudinal portion, a first bar and a second bar that are seamlessly integral together, the first longitudinal portion extending in a front-rear direction in the medial edge portion of the middle foot portion; characterized in that: the first bar extends from a posterior end portion of the first longitudinal portion diagonally across the central portion in a diagonal anterior (Yl) direction toward a lateral side to the lateral edge portion; and the second bar is spaced apart from the first bar, extending from a position that is anterior to the posterior end portion of the first longitudinal portion diagonally across the central portion in the diagonal anterior direction toward the lateral side to the lateral edge portion. the first bar extends from a posterior end portion of the first longitudinal portion diagonally across the central portion in a diagonal anterior (Yl) direction toward a lateral side to the lateral edge portion; and the second bar is spaced apart from the first bar, extending from a position that is anterior to the posterior end portion of the first longitudinal portion diagonally across the central portion in the diagonal anterior direction toward the lateral side to the lateral edge portion.