A compound of formula or a stereoisomer thereof, wherein X is selected from the group consisting of -CN, -C(=O)OR 8, -C(=O)-C 1-6 alkyl, - C(=O)-NR 9 R 10, -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -C(=O)H, and C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl; R 1 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 2 is a group selected from C 5-6 alkyl, C 5-6 alkenyl, 3-tert-butyl-1-methylpropyl, or C 1 alkyl substituted with a C 5 cycloalkyl; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 8 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 9 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 10 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; with the following provisos: when X is -C(=O)-NR 9 R 10 then R 1 is -CH 3; when X is -C(=O)H or -C(=O)OR 8, then R 4 is not C 1-6 alkoxy; and the compound of formula is none of: methyl (2E,4E)-4-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-nonenoate; (2E,4Z)-4-benzylidene-2-methyldec-2-en-1-ol, methyl (2E,4E)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]non-2-enoate; and (2E,4E)-4-benzylidenedec-2-enenitrile. X is selected from the group consisting of -CN, -C(=O)OR 8, -C(=O)-C 1-6 alkyl, - C(=O)-NR 9 R 10, -CH 2 -OH, -CH 2 -CH 2 -OH, -C(=O)H, and C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl; R 1 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 2 is a group selected from C 5-6 alkyl, C 5-6 alkenyl, 3-tert-butyl-1-methylpropyl, or C 1 alkyl substituted with a C 5 cycloalkyl; R 3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 7 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and cyano; R 8 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 9 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 10 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; with the following provisos: when X is -C(=O)-NR 9 R 10 then R 1 is -CH 3; when X is -C(=O)H or -C(=O)OR 8, then R 4 is not C 1-6 alkoxy; when X is -C(=O)-NR 9 R 10 then R 1 is -CH 3; when X is -C(=O)H or -C(=O)OR 8, then R 4 is not C 1-6 alkoxy; and the compound of formula is none of: methyl (2E,4E)-4-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-nonenoate; (2E,4Z)-4-benzylidene-2-methyldec-2-en-1-ol, methyl (2E,4E)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]non-2-enoate; and (2E,4E)-4-benzylidenedec-2-enenitrile. methyl (2E,4E)-4-(4-fluorobenzylidene)-2-nonenoate; (2E,4Z)-4-benzylidene-2-methyldec-2-en-1-ol, methyl (2E,4E)-4-[(4-methoxyphenyl)methylene]non-2-enoate; and (2E,4E)-4-benzylidenedec-2-enenitrile.