A motor driving apparatus, comprising a driving circuit outputting a three-phase alternating current and a main controller, wherein the driving circuit comprises a U-phase electric driving circuit, a V-phase electric driving circuit, and a W-phase electric driving circuit; and each of the electric driving circuits comprises n storage batteries and n electric driving units in one-to-one correspondence with the n storage batteries, signal ends of the n electric driving units are connected to the main controller, input ends of the n electric driving units are connected to the corresponding storage batteries, and output ends of the n electric driving units are serially connected to output one phase of the three-phase alternating current, wherein n is a positive integer; the main controller determines, for each electric driving circuit in the driving circuit, an output voltage adjustment coefficient of each of the n electric driving units in the electric driving circuit based on voltages of the n storage batteries in the electric driving circuit, and outputs the output voltage adjustment coefficient to the corresponding electric driving unit, wherein each electric driving unit comprises an H-bridge inverter and a unit controller, wherein an input end of the H-bridge inverter serves as an input end of the corresponding electric driving unit, and an output end of the H-bridge inverter serves as an output end of the corresponding electric driving unit; and a signal end of the unit controller serves as a signal end of the corresponding electric driving unit; and the unit controller samples a voltage of a storage battery connected to the corresponding electric driving unit, sends the voltage to the main controller, and adjusts an output voltage of the H-bridge inverter based on the output voltage adjustment coefficient of the corresponding electric driving unit determined by the main controller, characterized in that: before determining, for each electric driving circuit in the driving circuit, the output voltage adjustment coefficient of each of the n electric driving units in the electric driving circuit based on the voltages of the n storage batteries in the electric driving circuit, the main controller further determines whether the driving circuit outputs normally, wherein each electric driving circuit in the driving circuit further comprises n bypass switch units in one-to-one correspondence with the n electric driving units, and each of the n bypass switch units is connected between output ends of the corresponding electric driving unit; and the main controller further determines whether a back electromotive force of a motor is greater than a preset value, and when determining that the back electromotive force of the motor is greater than the preset value, controls the bypass switch units of each electric driving circuit in the driving circuit to be in a closed state, wherein before determining whether the back electromotive force of the motor is greater than the preset value, the main controller further determines whether the driving circuit outputs abnormally. before determining, for each electric driving circuit in the driving circuit, the output voltage adjustment coefficient of each of the n electric driving units in the electric driving circuit based on the voltages of the n storage batteries in the electric driving circuit, the main controller further determines whether the driving circuit outputs normally, wherein each electric driving circuit in the driving circuit further comprises n bypass switch units in one-to-one correspondence with the n electric driving units, and each of the n bypass switch units is connected between output ends of the corresponding electric driving unit; and the main controller further determines whether a back electromotive force of a motor is greater than a preset value, and when determining that the back electromotive force of the motor is greater than the preset value, controls the bypass switch units of each electric driving circuit in the driving circuit to be in a closed state, wherein before determining whether the back electromotive force of the motor is greater than the preset value, the main controller further determines whether the driving circuit outputs abnormally.