A system for calibrating a Radio Frequency, RF transceiver, applied in an RF transmission/reception system, comprising a first compensator for a transmission path, a second compensator for a reception path, an estimator, a memory and a translational mixer, characterized in that the memory is configured to store compensation parameters; wherein the first compensator for the transmission path is configured to compensate, through amplification and superposition, a received in-phase baseband transmission signal I_tx and a received quadrature baseband transmission signal Q_tx to obtain a compensated in-phase baseband transmission signal I_atx and a compensated quadrature baseband transmission signal Q_atx, and process the compensated in-phase baseband transmission signal I_atx and the compensated quadrature baseband transmission signal Q_atx through the transmission path and a Digital to Analog Converter, DAC of the RF transmission/reception system to form and output a transmission RF signal Tx_out; the translational mixer located in between the transmission path and the reception path is configured to generate a compensation signal S tm with a frequency of f tm, mix the compensation signal S tm and a received transmission RF signal Tx_out to obtain a mixed signal, and transmit the mixed signal as a reception RF signal Rx_in to the reception path of the RF transmission/reception system to form respectively an in-phase baseband reception signal I_rx of an Reception I branch and a quadrature baseband reception signal Q_rx of a Reception Q branch; wherein f tm is a difference between the transmission Local Oscillator, LO, frequency and the reception LO frequency; wherein the second compensator for the reception path is configured to compensate, through amplification and superposition, the received in-phase baseband reception signal I_rx generated by the translation mixer and the received quadrature baseband reception signal Q_rx generated by the translation mixer to obtain a compensated in-phase baseband reception signal I_arx and a compensated quadrature baseband reception signal Q_arx, and transmit the compensated in-phase baseband reception signal I_arx and the compensated quadrature baseband reception signal Q_arx to the estimator; and wherein the estimator comprises a single point Discrete Fourier Transform, DFT, calculation module and a compensation parameter calculation module, wherein the single point DFT calculation module is configured to receive the compensated in-phase baseband reception signal I_arx and the compensated quadrature baseband reception signal Q_arx transmitted by the second compensator for the reception path, and obtain, according to the compensated in-phase baseband reception signal I_arx and the compensated quadrature baseband reception signal Q_arx, powers of an image signal generated from IQ mismatch of the transmission path of the RF transmission/reception system, of an image signal generated from carrier leakage of the RF transmission/reception system and of an image signal generated from IQ mismatch of the reception path of the RF transmission/reception system, and transmit the powers of the three image signals to the compensation parameter calculation module; and wherein the compensation parameter calculation module is configured to estimate a compensation parameter minimizing the powers of the three image signals by searching powers of the three image signals through a binary search, and transmit the estimated compensation parameter to the memory so that the memory updates its existing compensation parameter to the estimated compensation parameter.