A 3D machine tool for the purpose of manufacturing a part, the machine tool comprising: a minimum of two controllable motions: a first motion and a second motion; a build surface to which the part is directly or indirectly affixed; and a machine tool head; wherein: the first motion is a rotary motion around a first axis; the second motion is a rotary motion around a second axis, wherein the second axis is parallel to and offset from the first axis; the first axis revolves around the second axis; the build surface is driven in the direction of the first motion and the build surface is normal to the first axis; and the build surface is rotated about the axis of the second motion; such that, the first and second motions move the build surface to permit the machine tool head to be positioned relative to the build surface over a continuous planar tool range area of the build surface, at a machine tool head distance from the build surface wherein the machine tool head distance is measured normal to the build surface wherein the first motion is driven by a first rotary motor, the "lambda motor;" the second motion is driven by a second rotary motor, the "theta motor;" wherein the second motion moves the mechanical components of the first motion including the first motor characterized in that the first motor connects to the build surface such that the angular position of the build surface is equal to the angular position of the first motor shaft; the second motor connects to the first motor such that the angle of revolution of the first axis around the second axis is equal to the angular position of the second motor shaft the mechanical portions of the 3D machine tool that implement the first and second motions, including the first and second rotary motors (05L, 05TH) and all mechanical interconnections between the first and second motors (05L, 05TH) and the build surface, are free of belts, pulleys, chains, wires, gears, screw drives and hydraulics and the 3D machine tool further comprises: a base plate comprising a curved base plate slot through which the rotary motion of the lambda motor connects directly to the build surface; and optionally, a first friction element configured to provide damping of the first motion wherein the first friction element is located, at least in part, inside the base plate slot; a second element configured to provide damping of the second motion wherein the second element is located, at least in part, inside the base plate slot; or both the first friction element and the second element. the first motion is a rotary motion around a first axis; the second motion is a rotary motion around a second axis, wherein the second axis is parallel to and offset from the first axis; the first axis revolves around the second axis; the build surface is driven in the direction of the first motion and the build surface is normal to the first axis; and the build surface is rotated about the axis of the second motion; such that, the first and second motions move the build surface to permit the machine tool head to be positioned relative to the build surface over a continuous planar tool range area of the build surface, at a machine tool head distance from the build surface wherein the machine tool head distance is measured normal to the build surface the first motion is driven by a first rotary motor, the "lambda motor;" the second motion is driven by a second rotary motor, the "theta motor;" wherein the second motion moves the mechanical components of the first motion including the first motor the first motor connects to the build surface such that the angular position of the build surface is equal to the angular position of the first motor shaft; the second motor connects to the first motor such that the angle of revolution of the first axis around the second axis is equal to the angular position of the second motor shaft the mechanical portions of the 3D machine tool that implement the first and second motions, including the first and second rotary motors (05L, 05TH) and all mechanical interconnections between the first and second motors (05L, 05TH) and the build surface, are free of belts, pulleys, chains, wires, gears, screw drives and hydraulics and the 3D machine tool further comprises: a base plate comprising a curved base plate slot through which the rotary motion of the lambda motor connects directly to the build surface; and optionally, a first friction element configured to provide damping of the first motion wherein the first friction element is located, at least in part, inside the base plate slot; a second element configured to provide damping of the second motion wherein the second element is located, at least in part, inside the base plate slot; or both the first friction element and the second element. a base plate comprising a curved base plate slot through which the rotary motion of the lambda motor connects directly to the build surface; and optionally, a first friction element configured to provide damping of the first motion wherein the first friction element is located, at least in part, inside the base plate slot; a second element configured to provide damping of the second motion wherein the second element is located, at least in part, inside the base plate slot; or both the first friction element and the second element.