Multilayer scintillation detector, comprising at least three layers (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) superposed on top of one another, and each extending parallel to a plane, called detection plane, the detector being such that: - each layer comprises a first material, called scintillation material, that can interact with an ionizing radiation and form, following the interaction, a scintillation light; - each layer comprises a plurality of light guides (21 g, 22 g, 23 g, 24 g, 25 g, 26 g), respectively extending parallel to the detection plane, according to a length, the light guides comprising the scintillation material and being disposed, over all or part of their length, parallel to an axis of orientation (Δ 1, Δ 2, Δ 3, Δ 4, Δ 5, Δ 6); - the axis of orientation of the light guides of one and the same layer is oriented, in the detection plane, according to an orientation (θ 1, θ 2, θ 3, θ 4, θ 5, θ 6), such that each layer (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) has an associated orientation, the orientations of the respective axes of orientation of at least three layers being different from one another; - the scintillation material has a first refractive index (n 1); the detector being characterized in that each layer is formed by a plate, comprising the scintillation material, extending parallel to the detection plane, and such that: - the plate comprises channels (21 c, 22 c, 23 c, 24 c, 25 c, 26 c), formed in the plate, and extending parallel to the detection plane, according to the orientation associated with the layer; - each channel is filled by a second material, of a second refractive index (n 2), lower than the first refractive index; - such that, between two adjacent channels, there extends a light guide (21 g, 22 g, 23 g, 24 g, 25 g, 26 g), formed by the scintillation material, and capable of generating a scintillation light under the effect of an irradiation by the ionizing radiation, and of propagating the scintillation light according to the axis of orientation of the layer. - each layer comprises a first material, called scintillation material, that can interact with an ionizing radiation and form, following the interaction, a scintillation light; - each layer comprises a plurality of light guides (21 g, 22 g, 23 g, 24 g, 25 g, 26 g), respectively extending parallel to the detection plane, according to a length, the light guides comprising the scintillation material and being disposed, over all or part of their length, parallel to an axis of orientation (Δ 1, Δ 2, Δ 3, Δ 4, Δ 5, Δ 6); - the axis of orientation of the light guides of one and the same layer is oriented, in the detection plane, according to an orientation (θ 1, θ 2, θ 3, θ 4, θ 5, θ 6), such that each layer (21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26) has an associated orientation, the orientations of the respective axes of orientation of at least three layers being different from one another; - the scintillation material has a first refractive index (n 1); - the plate comprises channels (21 c, 22 c, 23 c, 24 c, 25 c, 26 c), formed in the plate, and extending parallel to the detection plane, according to the orientation associated with the layer; - each channel is filled by a second material, of a second refractive index (n 2), lower than the first refractive index; - such that, between two adjacent channels, there extends a light guide (21 g, 22 g, 23 g, 24 g, 25 g, 26 g), formed by the scintillation material, and capable of generating a scintillation light under the effect of an irradiation by the ionizing radiation, and of propagating the scintillation light according to the axis of orientation of the layer.