Adaptive apparatus (100, 200) for fall induction and/or near fall induction, comprising: (a) a display; (b) at least one movement sensor (106, 202, 404, 406, 410, 420) or position and/or orientation tracking system configured to provide at least one measurement of gait parameters of a subject during locomotion; and (c) a controller configured to: present, on said display, one or more motor and cognitive dual tasking provocations during said locomotion, said dual tasking provocations including one or more vertical obstacles requiring high clearance and one or more horizontal obstacles, which provocations are calculated to induce a fall or near fall, wherein movement of feet of the subject in reaction to the presented obstacles is detected and inserted into a VR simulation using an avatar as part of a task designed to allow negotiation of said provocations; and generate a fall risk assessment based on said measured gait parameters; wherein: said avatar gives the subject real-time feedback as to movement, success or failure in negotiating vertical and horizontal obstacles; said controller is configured to select said one or more provocations in response to subject activity measured by said sensor; wherein said assessment includes presenting the subject with different tasks at a plurality of different levels of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints, if a subject fails at some level, a risk factor is identified or narrowed down based on that failure, wherein said level of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints is increased in order to increase an accuracy of said assessment. (a) a display; (b) at least one movement sensor (106, 202, 404, 406, 410, 420) or position and/or orientation tracking system configured to provide at least one measurement of gait parameters of a subject during locomotion; and (c) a controller configured to: present, on said display, one or more motor and cognitive dual tasking provocations during said locomotion, said dual tasking provocations including one or more vertical obstacles requiring high clearance and one or more horizontal obstacles, which provocations are calculated to induce a fall or near fall, wherein movement of feet of the subject in reaction to the presented obstacles is detected and inserted into a VR simulation using an avatar as part of a task designed to allow negotiation of said provocations; and generate a fall risk assessment based on said measured gait parameters; wherein: said avatar gives the subject real-time feedback as to movement, success or failure in negotiating vertical and horizontal obstacles; said controller is configured to select said one or more provocations in response to subject activity measured by said sensor; wherein said assessment includes presenting the subject with different tasks at a plurality of different levels of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints, if a subject fails at some level, a risk factor is identified or narrowed down based on that failure, wherein said level of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints is increased in order to increase an accuracy of said assessment. present, on said display, one or more motor and cognitive dual tasking provocations during said locomotion, said dual tasking provocations including one or more vertical obstacles requiring high clearance and one or more horizontal obstacles, which provocations are calculated to induce a fall or near fall, wherein movement of feet of the subject in reaction to the presented obstacles is detected and inserted into a VR simulation using an avatar as part of a task designed to allow negotiation of said provocations; and generate a fall risk assessment based on said measured gait parameters; wherein: said avatar gives the subject real-time feedback as to movement, success or failure in negotiating vertical and horizontal obstacles; said controller is configured to select said one or more provocations in response to subject activity measured by said sensor; wherein said assessment includes presenting the subject with different tasks at a plurality of different levels of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints, if a subject fails at some level, a risk factor is identified or narrowed down based on that failure, wherein said level of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints is increased in order to increase an accuracy of said assessment. said avatar gives the subject real-time feedback as to movement, success or failure in negotiating vertical and horizontal obstacles; said controller is configured to select said one or more provocations in response to subject activity measured by said sensor; wherein said assessment includes presenting the subject with different tasks at a plurality of different levels of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints, if a subject fails at some level, a risk factor is identified or narrowed down based on that failure, wherein said level of difficulty and involvement of cognitive and motor constraints is increased in order to increase an accuracy of said assessment.