A system for managing the unlocking of an identification device of a packaged or unpackaged commercial article, characterized in that the system comprises: - an identification device of a packaged or unpackaged commercial article, the device comprising at least two elements that are displaceable with respect to one another between two positions, a locked position, in which said at least two elements imprison between them, in a locked manner under the action of a lock, the article or its packaging, and at least one unlocked position, the identification device bearing information identifying said device and/or the commercial article to which said device is fixed, - means for identifying the association of the identification device and of the commercial article to which said device is fixed, - an unlocking device comprising an unlocking zone and unlocking means for unlocking, with respect to one another, said at least two elements of the identification device and freeing the article or its packaging of said identification device, - means for preventing the unlocking of the identification device that are able, on the one hand, to be activated so as to prevent the unlocking of the identification device and, on the other hand, to be deactivated so as to allow the unlocking of the identification device, - means for deciding deactivation or non-deactivation of the means for preventing the unlocking of the identification device as a function of the identification or of the absence of identification of the association of the identification device and of the commercial article to which said device is fixed, characterized in that the means for preventing unlocking are mechanical means that prevent physical access of the identification device to the unlocking zone of the unlocking device. - an identification device of a packaged or unpackaged commercial article, the device comprising at least two elements that are displaceable with respect to one another between two positions, a locked position, in which said at least two elements imprison between them, in a locked manner under the action of a lock, the article or its packaging, and at least one unlocked position, the identification device bearing information identifying said device and/or the commercial article to which said device is fixed, - means for identifying the association of the identification device and of the commercial article to which said device is fixed, - an unlocking device comprising an unlocking zone and unlocking means for unlocking, with respect to one another, said at least two elements of the identification device and freeing the article or its packaging of said identification device, - means for preventing the unlocking of the identification device that are able, on the one hand, to be activated so as to prevent the unlocking of the identification device and, on the other hand, to be deactivated so as to allow the unlocking of the identification device, - means for deciding deactivation or non-deactivation of the means for preventing the unlocking of the identification device as a function of the identification or of the absence of identification of the association of the identification device and of the commercial article to which said device is fixed,