A random access method, wherein the method comprises: configuring, by a base station, at least two types of random access resources, wherein the at least two types of random access resources comprise a first-type random access resource and a second-type random access resource; and different types of random access resources are in a one-to-one correspondence with different sending beam forms of a terminal, wherein a sending beam form of the terminal corresponding to the first-type random access resource is an omnidirectional beam, and a sending beam form of the terminal corresponding to the second-type random access resource is a plurality of directional beams; or different first-type random access resources are associated with different downlink signals, and the second-type random access resource is not associated with the different downlink signals (S501a), wherein the different downlink signals use different beams; or the first-type random access resource is associated with resources of different downlink signals in a first association manner, and the second-type random access resource is associated with the resources of the different downlink signals in a second association manner (S501b), wherein the different downlink signals use different beams and the first association manner is different from the second association manner in that the first association manner includes: time-frequency resources of at least two first-type random access resources corresponding to different downlink signals are different; and the second association manner includes: time-frequency resources of at least two second-type random access resources corresponding to different downlink signals are the same, but sequence resources of the at least two second-type random access resources corresponding to the different downlink signals are different; and receiving (S507a; S507b; S807), by the base station, a random access preamble which is from the terminal and uses the first-type random access resource or the second-type random access resource. configuring, by a base station, at least two types of random access resources, wherein the at least two types of random access resources comprise a first-type random access resource and a second-type random access resource; and different types of random access resources are in a one-to-one correspondence with different sending beam forms of a terminal, wherein a sending beam form of the terminal corresponding to the first-type random access resource is an omnidirectional beam, and a sending beam form of the terminal corresponding to the second-type random access resource is a plurality of directional beams; or different first-type random access resources are associated with different downlink signals, and the second-type random access resource is not associated with the different downlink signals (S501a), wherein the different downlink signals use different beams; or the first-type random access resource is associated with resources of different downlink signals in a first association manner, and the second-type random access resource is associated with the resources of the different downlink signals in a second association manner (S501b), wherein the different downlink signals use different beams and the first association manner is different from the second association manner in that the first association manner includes: time-frequency resources of at least two first-type random access resources corresponding to different downlink signals are different; and the second association manner includes: time-frequency resources of at least two second-type random access resources corresponding to different downlink signals are the same, but sequence resources of the at least two second-type random access resources corresponding to the different downlink signals are different; and receiving (S507a; S507b; S807), by the base station, a random access preamble which is from the terminal and uses the first-type random access resource or the second-type random access resource.