An optical transmission and reception system comprising a transmitter and a receiver, characterized by: the transmitter including: a known signal generator configured to output a known signal sequence; a control signal modulator configured to modulate the known signal sequence using control information; a transmitter-transducer (103x, 103y) configured to transduce respective output signals of the known signal generator and the control signal modulator from electricity to light; and a polarization-multiplexer configured to polarization-multiplex the signals transduced to light by the transmitter-transducer (103x, 103y) to generate an optical signal, the receiver including: a reception-transducer (201, 202, 203) configured to receive the optical signal outputted from the transmitter and to transduce the optical signal received to electrical signals separated into every polarized wave component; an analog to digital converter configured to convert the electrical signals to digital received-signals; and a control signal demodulator (211, 213, 214) configured to extract a phase relationship between the polarized wave components using the digital received-signals, and to demodulate the digital received-signals to the control information based on the phase relationship extracted. the transmitter including: a known signal generator configured to output a known signal sequence; a control signal modulator configured to modulate the known signal sequence using control information; a transmitter-transducer (103x, 103y) configured to transduce respective output signals of the known signal generator and the control signal modulator from electricity to light; and a polarization-multiplexer configured to polarization-multiplex the signals transduced to light by the transmitter-transducer (103x, 103y) to generate an optical signal, the receiver including: a reception-transducer (201, 202, 203) configured to receive the optical signal outputted from the transmitter and to transduce the optical signal received to electrical signals separated into every polarized wave component; an analog to digital converter configured to convert the electrical signals to digital received-signals; and a control signal demodulator (211, 213, 214) configured to extract a phase relationship between the polarized wave components using the digital received-signals, and to demodulate the digital received-signals to the control information based on the phase relationship extracted. a known signal generator configured to output a known signal sequence; a control signal modulator configured to modulate the known signal sequence using control information; a transmitter-transducer (103x, 103y) configured to transduce respective output signals of the known signal generator and the control signal modulator from electricity to light; and a polarization-multiplexer configured to polarization-multiplex the signals transduced to light by the transmitter-transducer (103x, 103y) to generate an optical signal, the receiver including: a reception-transducer (201, 202, 203) configured to receive the optical signal outputted from the transmitter and to transduce the optical signal received to electrical signals separated into every polarized wave component; an analog to digital converter configured to convert the electrical signals to digital received-signals; and a control signal demodulator (211, 213, 214) configured to extract a phase relationship between the polarized wave components using the digital received-signals, and to demodulate the digital received-signals to the control information based on the phase relationship extracted. a reception-transducer (201, 202, 203) configured to receive the optical signal outputted from the transmitter and to transduce the optical signal received to electrical signals separated into every polarized wave component; an analog to digital converter configured to convert the electrical signals to digital received-signals; and a control signal demodulator (211, 213, 214) configured to extract a phase relationship between the polarized wave components using the digital received-signals, and to demodulate the digital received-signals to the control information based on the phase relationship extracted.