A system for monitoring an anatomical region during treatment thereof, the system comprising: (a) an imaging apparatus for imaging the anatomical region; (b) memory for storing a library of reference image records comprising reference images of the anatomical region and data associated with the reference images including at least one of respective locations of one or more objects of interest or thermal maps corresponding to the reference image; and (c) a computation unit configured to (i) repeatedly cause the imaging apparatus to acquire a treatment image of the anatomical region during the treatment, (ii) compare the acquired treatment image and the reference images in the library based on real-space or k-space image data to determine whether any of the reference images in the library matches the acquired treatment image according to an image-similarity criterion, characterised in that the computation unit is further configured to (iii) if none of the reference images in the library matches the acquired treatment image, extend the reference library based, at least in part, on at least one of the acquired treatment image or a previous treatment image by adding a new reference image record comprising a new reference image and data associated with the new image reference including at least one of a new respective locations of the one or more objects of interest or a new thermal map corresponding thereto to the library, (iv) monitor the anatomical region based at least in part on the acquired treatment images and the extended reference library and (v) repeat steps (i)-(iv) until a maximum allowable number of successive treatment images fall outside the reference library initially stored in step (b). (a) an imaging apparatus for imaging the anatomical region; (b) memory for storing a library of reference image records comprising reference images of the anatomical region and data associated with the reference images including at least one of respective locations of one or more objects of interest or thermal maps corresponding to the reference image; and (c) a computation unit configured to (i) repeatedly cause the imaging apparatus to acquire a treatment image of the anatomical region during the treatment, (ii) compare the acquired treatment image and the reference images in the library based on real-space or k-space image data to determine whether any of the reference images in the library matches the acquired treatment image according to an image-similarity criterion, characterised in that the computation unit is further configured to (iii) if none of the reference images in the library matches the acquired treatment image, extend the reference library based, at least in part, on at least one of the acquired treatment image or a previous treatment image by adding a new reference image record comprising a new reference image and data associated with the new image reference including at least one of a new respective locations of the one or more objects of interest or a new thermal map corresponding thereto to the library, (iv) monitor the anatomical region based at least in part on the acquired treatment images and the extended reference library and (v) repeat steps (i)-(iv) until a maximum allowable number of successive treatment images fall outside the reference library initially stored in step (b).