A process comprising reacting molecule XVb with diphenyl phosphoryl azide in t-butanol as solvent in the presence of a base to form molecule XVIIc wherein: (a) R4 is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=X1)R9, C(=X1)OR9, C(=X1)N 2, N 2, N C(=X1)R9, SR9, S n OR9, or R9S n R9, wherein each said R4, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyloxy, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S n OR9, C 6 -C 20 aryl, or C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (b) R9 (each independently) is H, CN, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, S n C 1 -C 6 alkyl,, N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2, wherein each said R9, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyloxy, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkenyl, OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, OC 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, S n C 1 -C 6 alkyl, S n OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 6 -C 20 aryl, or C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl; (c) n is 0,1, or 2; and (d) X1 is (each independently) O or S. (a) R4 is F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, OR9, C(=X1)R9, C(=X1)OR9, C(=X1)N 2, N 2, N C(=X1)R9, SR9, S n OR9, or R9S n R9, wherein each said R4, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyloxy, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkenyl, OR9, S n OR9, C 6 -C 20 aryl, or C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, (each of which that can be substituted, may optionally be substituted with R9); (b) R9 (each independently) is H, CN, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 2 -C 6 alkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C 6 -C 20 aryl, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl, S n C 1 -C 6 alkyl,, N(C 1 -C 6 alkyl) 2, wherein each said R9, which is substituted, has one or more substituents selected from F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO 2, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyl, C 1 -C 6 haloalkyloxy, C 2 -C 6 haloalkenyloxy, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkenyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 halocycloalkenyl, OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, OC 1 -C 6 haloalkyl, S n C 1 -C 6 alkyl, S n OC 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 6 -C 20 aryl, or C 1 -C 20 heterocyclyl; (c) n is 0,1, or 2; and (d) X1 is (each independently) O or S.