A fluorescence lifetime distribution image measurement device for measuring the distribution in a sample of the lifetimes of fluorescences emitted from said sample upon illumination of said sample with pulse excitation light, said fluorescence lifetime distribution image measurement device comprising: a laser light source for emitting said pulse excitation light; a measurement optical system for guiding said pulse excitation light emitted by said laser light source to said sample and thereby illuminating said sample, and guiding and outputting said fluorescences emitted from said sample; a streak camera for recording the variations with time of the fluorescence intensities of said fluorescences that arrive upon being output from said measurement optical system; and fluorescence lifetime distribution image creation means for calculating the fluorescence lifetimes based on said variations with time of the fluorescence intensities recorded by said streak camera and creating a fluorescence lifetime distribution image; said measurement optical system comprising first scanning means, light separation means, and an objective optical system; said first scanning means scanning said pulse excitation light, emitted by said laser light source, in a first direction; said measurement optical system further comprising second scanning means; said light separation means guiding said pulse excitation light, arriving from said first scanning means, to said second scanning means and guiding said fluorescences, arriving from the second scanning means, to said streak camera; said second scanning means scanning said pulse excitation light, arriving from said light separation means, in a second direction perpendicular to said first direction and guiding said fluorescences, output and arriving from said objective optical system, to said light separation means so that said fluorescences pass through the same optical path that said pulse excitation light passed through in being directed from said light separation means to said second scanning means; and said objective optical system converging and illuminating said pulse excitation light that has been scanned in said first direction and second direction respectively onto respective scanning points in said sample and outputs the fluorescences, which are emitted from said respective scanning points upon illumination of said pulse excitation light, to said second scanning means. a laser light source for emitting said pulse excitation light; a measurement optical system for guiding said pulse excitation light emitted by said laser light source to said sample and thereby illuminating said sample, and guiding and outputting said fluorescences emitted from said sample; a streak camera for recording the variations with time of the fluorescence intensities of said fluorescences that arrive upon being output from said measurement optical system; and fluorescence lifetime distribution image creation means for calculating the fluorescence lifetimes based on said variations with time of the fluorescence intensities recorded by said streak camera and creating a fluorescence lifetime distribution image; said measurement optical system comprising first scanning means, light separation means, and an objective optical system; said first scanning means scanning said pulse excitation light, emitted by said laser light source, in a first direction; said measurement optical system further comprising second scanning means; said light separation means guiding said pulse excitation light, arriving from said first scanning means, to said second scanning means and guiding said fluorescences, arriving from the second scanning means, to said streak camera; said second scanning means scanning said pulse excitation light, arriving from said light separation means, in a second direction perpendicular to said first direction and guiding said fluorescences, output and arriving from said objective optical system, to said light separation means so that said fluorescences pass through the same optical path that said pulse excitation light passed through in being directed from said light separation means to said second scanning means; and said objective optical system converging and illuminating said pulse excitation light that has been scanned in said first direction and second direction respectively onto respective scanning points in said sample and outputs the fluorescences, which are emitted from said respective scanning points upon illumination of said pulse excitation light, to said second scanning means.