An optimized decision-making system for multiple ore dressing production indexes based on a cloud server and mobile terminals, comprising: mobile intelligent terminals, a cloud server, an industrial private cloud server, a collecting computer and process controllers PLC or DCS, wherein the mobile intelligent terminals are connected with the cloud server via a wireless network; the cloud server is connected with the industrial private cloud server via Ethernet; the industrial private cloud server is mounted inside an ore dressing plant; the industrial private cloud server is connected with the collecting computer and the process controllers PLC or DCS via Ethernet, and the collecting computer is connected with the process controllers PLC or DCS in the ore dressing plant via industrial Ethernet; the mobile intelligent terminals are configured to set ore dressing production indexes, set the target value range of the ore dressing production indexes, set an optimized decision-making model as well as boundary and constraint conditions thereof for the ore dressing production indexes, set optimized decision-making variables for the ore dressing production indexes, set the time range of ore dressing production indexes and the time range of decision-making variables for the ore dressing production indexes, set and modify an optimized decision-making algorithm for the multiple ore dressing production indexes, set and modify algorithm parameters, determining the final decision-making results as well as equipment and energy distribution results based on multiple decision-making result solution sets provided by the mobile industrial private cloud server, send the final decision-making results as well as the equipment and energy distribution results via the cloud server to the industrial private cloud server, and display the decision-making result solution sets, the final decision-making results, process control set values, equipment and energy distribution results, and the production data of the process controllers PLC or DCS; the cloud server is configured to realize data exchange between the mobile intelligent terminals and the industrial private cloud server; the industrial private cloud server is configured to distribute and monitor data from the intelligent mobile terminals, calculate out multiple decision-making result solution sets according to the ore dressing production indexes, the target value range of the ore dressing production indexes, the optimized decision-making model as well as boundary and constraint conditions thereof for the ore dressing production indexes, the optimized decision-making variables for the ore dressing production indexes, the time range of the ore dressing production indexes and the time range of the decision-making variables for the ore dressing production indexes, which are set by the intelligent mobile terminals and through the use of the optimized decision-making algorithm and algorithm parameters for the multiple ore dressing production indexes, calculate out the process control set values according to the final decision-making results determined by the intelligent mobile terminals, send the set values to the intelligent mobile terminals through the cloud server, set the set values for the controllers PLC or DCS in the ore dressing plant according to the calculated process control set values, store production data from the collecting computer and data from the mobile intelligent terminals, and send the production data from the collecting computer to the intelligent mobile terminals through the cloud server; the collecting computer is configured to collect the production data of equipment in the ore dressing plant, and send the production data to the industrial private cloud server, wherein the production data includes detected values of objects under process control, the number of production days of the equipment, the number of shutdown days of the equipment, the total running time of the equipment, downtime, and product yield; the process controllers PLC or DCS are configured to control the equipment on the production line for production according to the process control set values.