A tapered roller bearing comprising: an outer ring having an outer ring rolling contact surface on an inner circumferential surface; an inner ring having an inner ring rolling contact surface on an outer circumferential surface, having a small collar and a large collar formed on both sides of said inner ring rolling contact surface, and arranged on an inner side of said outer ring; a plurality of tapered rollers arranged between said outer ring rolling contact surface and said inner ring rolling contact surface; and a holder having a pocket housing each of said tapered rollers, at least one of bearing components including said outer ring, said inner ring and said tapered roller being made of steel containing 0.6 mass% or more and 1.50 mass% or less of carbon, 0.15 mass% or more and 2.50 mass% or less of silicon, 0.30 mass% or more and 1.50 mass% or less of manganese, and 0.20 mass% or more and 2.00 mass% or less of chromium, and further optionally containing at least one of 0.5 mass% or less of nickel and 0.2 mass% or less of molybdenum, with the rest made up of iron and impurities, a nitrogen concentration in a surface layer portion under a contact surface in contact with another component being 0.3 mass% or more, wherein the surface layer portion is the region extending from the contact surface to a depth of 20 μm, said holder including a small annular portion continuously extending on a side of a small diameter end face of said tapered roller, a large annular portion continuously extending on a side of a large diameter end face of said tapered roller, and a plurality of column portions coupling said small annular portion and said large annular portion, said pocket having a trapezoidal shape in which a portion housing a small diameter side of said tapered roller is located on a reduced width side while a portion housing a large diameter side of said tapered roller is located on an increased width side, wherein each of said column portions on said reduced width side of said pocket being provided with a cutout, wherein at least one of the bearing components including said outer ring, said inner ring and said tapered roller has an entire average retained austenite amount of 20 vol% or less and wherein in at least one of the bearing components including said outer ring, said inner ring and said tapered roller, said surface layer portion under said contact surface includes five or more carbonitrides each having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less that are present per 100 μm 2 in a cross section perpendicular to said contact surface. an outer ring having an outer ring rolling contact surface on an inner circumferential surface; an inner ring having an inner ring rolling contact surface on an outer circumferential surface, having a small collar and a large collar formed on both sides of said inner ring rolling contact surface, and arranged on an inner side of said outer ring; a plurality of tapered rollers arranged between said outer ring rolling contact surface and said inner ring rolling contact surface; and a holder having a pocket housing each of said tapered rollers, at least one of bearing components including said outer ring, said inner ring and said tapered roller being made of steel containing 0.6 mass% or more and 1.50 mass% or less of carbon, 0.15 mass% or more and 2.50 mass% or less of silicon, 0.30 mass% or more and 1.50 mass% or less of manganese, and 0.20 mass% or more and 2.00 mass% or less of chromium, and further optionally containing at least one of 0.5 mass% or less of nickel and 0.2 mass% or less of molybdenum, with the rest made up of iron and impurities, a nitrogen concentration in a surface layer portion under a contact surface in contact with another component being 0.3 mass% or more, wherein the surface layer portion is the region extending from the contact surface to a depth of 20 μm, said holder including a small annular portion continuously extending on a side of a small diameter end face of said tapered roller, a large annular portion continuously extending on a side of a large diameter end face of said tapered roller, and a plurality of column portions coupling said small annular portion and said large annular portion, said pocket having a trapezoidal shape in which a portion housing a small diameter side of said tapered roller is located on a reduced width side while a portion housing a large diameter side of said tapered roller is located on an increased width side, wherein each of said column portions on said reduced width side of said pocket being provided with a cutout, wherein at least one of the bearing components including said outer ring, said inner ring and said tapered roller has an entire average retained austenite amount of 20 vol% or less and wherein in at least one of the bearing components including said outer ring, said inner ring and said tapered roller, said surface layer portion under said contact surface includes five or more carbonitrides each having a diameter of 0.5 μm or less that are present per 100 μm 2 in a cross section perpendicular to said contact surface.