An inspection device, comprising: a distributed ray source (110, 210, 910, 1010) comprising multiple source points to generate rays, wherein the multiple source points are configured to individually emit the rays or a group of several adjacent source points is configured to individually emit the rays as a group; a light source collimator (120, 220, 930, 1030) arranged at a ray beam output end of the distributed ray source (110, 210, 910, 1010), and configured to converge the rays generated by the distributed ray source (110, 210, 910, 1010) into a convergence point along fan-shaped radial lines to form an inverted fan-shaped ray beam; a scatter collimator (140, 640, 740, 840) configured to only allow rays scattered at one or more particular scattering angles which are generated by the rays from the light source collimator (120, 220, 930, 1030) interacting with inspected objects (130, 230, 280, 630, 730, 830) to pass, wherein the rays scattered at one particular scattering angle converge to a convergence line extending along an axis passing through the convergence point and orthogonal to the fan-shaped radial lines; at least one cylindrical detector (150, 250, 650, 751-752, 851-854) arranged downstream of the convergence line and the scatter collimator, each detector (150, 250, 650, 751-752, 851-854) comprising multiple detection units which have an energy resolution capability and are substantially arranged to receive the scattered rays passing through the scatter collimator (140, 640, 740, 840); and a processing apparatus configured to calculate an energy spectrum of the scattered rays from the inspected objects (130, 230, 280, 630, 730, 830) based on a signal output by the detectors (150, 250, 650, 751-752, 851-854). a distributed ray source (110, 210, 910, 1010) comprising multiple source points to generate rays, wherein the multiple source points are configured to individually emit the rays or a group of several adjacent source points is configured to individually emit the rays as a group; a light source collimator (120, 220, 930, 1030) arranged at a ray beam output end of the distributed ray source (110, 210, 910, 1010), and configured to converge the rays generated by the distributed ray source (110, 210, 910, 1010) into a convergence point along fan-shaped radial lines to form an inverted fan-shaped ray beam; a scatter collimator (140, 640, 740, 840) configured to only allow rays scattered at one or more particular scattering angles which are generated by the rays from the light source collimator (120, 220, 930, 1030) interacting with inspected objects (130, 230, 280, 630, 730, 830) to pass, wherein the rays scattered at one particular scattering angle converge to a convergence line extending along an axis passing through the convergence point and orthogonal to the fan-shaped radial lines; at least one cylindrical detector (150, 250, 650, 751-752, 851-854) arranged downstream of the convergence line and the scatter collimator, each detector (150, 250, 650, 751-752, 851-854) comprising multiple detection units which have an energy resolution capability and are substantially arranged to receive the scattered rays passing through the scatter collimator (140, 640, 740, 840); and a processing apparatus configured to calculate an energy spectrum of the scattered rays from the inspected objects (130, 230, 280, 630, 730, 830) based on a signal output by the detectors (150, 250, 650, 751-752, 851-854).