A method for detecting a target polynucleotide comprising a target sequence associated with hereditary hearing loss using a microarray, which method comprises: (a) labeling the target polynucleotide with a luminophore; (b) coupling the target polynucleotide to a particle of a diameter from 0.01 μm to 1 mm; wherein the target polynucleotide is a double-stranded polynucleotide, and wherein the double-stranded target polynucleotide is denatured to become single-stranded by a chemical reaction, an enzyme, heating, or a combination thereof, before or after labeling with the luminophore and coupling to the particle; (c) binding the target polynucleotide that is labeled with the luminophore and coupled to the particle, to an oligonucleotide probe immobilized on a spot on the microarray, wherein the oligonucleotide probe is complementary to at least a portion of the target sequence associated with hereditary hearing loss and the spot has a diameter from 0.01 mm to 5 mm; and (d) detecting the interaction between the target polynucleotide that is coupled to the particle and the oligonucleotide probe, wherein the method also comprises a step of using allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) to amplify the target polynucleotide using at least two allele-specific primers and a common primer that is labeled with a luminophore, wherein the allele-specific primers and common primer have a sequence selected from Table 2; and wherein the allele-specific primers further comprise an artificial mismatch to the corresponding target sequence. (a) labeling the target polynucleotide with a luminophore; (b) coupling the target polynucleotide to a particle of a diameter from 0.01 μm to 1 mm; wherein the target polynucleotide is a double-stranded polynucleotide, and wherein the double-stranded target polynucleotide is denatured to become single-stranded by a chemical reaction, an enzyme, heating, or a combination thereof, before or after labeling with the luminophore and coupling to the particle; (c) binding the target polynucleotide that is labeled with the luminophore and coupled to the particle, to an oligonucleotide probe immobilized on a spot on the microarray, wherein the oligonucleotide probe is complementary to at least a portion of the target sequence associated with hereditary hearing loss and the spot has a diameter from 0.01 mm to 5 mm; and (d) detecting the interaction between the target polynucleotide that is coupled to the particle and the oligonucleotide probe, wherein the method also comprises a step of using allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) to amplify the target polynucleotide using at least two allele-specific primers and a common primer that is labeled with a luminophore, wherein the allele-specific primers and common primer have a sequence selected from Table 2; and wherein the allele-specific primers further comprise an artificial mismatch to the corresponding target sequence. wherein the method also comprises a step of using allele-specific PCR (ASPCR) to amplify the target polynucleotide using at least two allele-specific primers and a common primer that is labeled with a luminophore, wherein the allele-specific primers and common primer have a sequence selected from Table 2; and wherein the allele-specific primers further comprise an artificial mismatch to the corresponding target sequence.