An ultrasonic atomizer comprising: an ultrasonic vibration generating unit which generates ultrasonic waves and atomizes a spray material; a nozzle unit which includes a spray flow path in which the spray material moves along a central axis that penetrates a center of the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, and includes a nozzle tip which is supplied with the spray material from one end of the spray flow path, and sprays the spray material from the other end of the spray flow path; a housing which surrounds the ultrasonic vibration generating unit and has a plurality of heat exchange chambers therein; and a heat exchange unit which surrounds the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, includes a separation wall which divides the heat exchange unit into the plurality of heat exchange chambers, and cools heat generated from the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, characterised in that the plurality of heat exchange chambers include: a heating chamber which is positioned in the housing at the periphery of the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, and includes a heating space; and a cooling chamber which surrounds the heating chamber, and includes a cooling space by being isolated with the heat exchange unit abutting the heating chamber between the cooling chamber and the heating chamber, and the heat exchange unit further includes a thermoelectric element which absorbs heat at a heat absorbing surface that abuts the heating chamber, and radiates heat through a heat radiating surface that abuts the cooling chamber. an ultrasonic vibration generating unit which generates ultrasonic waves and atomizes a spray material; a nozzle unit which includes a spray flow path in which the spray material moves along a central axis that penetrates a center of the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, and includes a nozzle tip which is supplied with the spray material from one end of the spray flow path, and sprays the spray material from the other end of the spray flow path; a housing which surrounds the ultrasonic vibration generating unit and has a plurality of heat exchange chambers therein; and a heat exchange unit which surrounds the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, includes a separation wall which divides the heat exchange unit into the plurality of heat exchange chambers, and cools heat generated from the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, characterised in that the plurality of heat exchange chambers include: a heating chamber which is positioned in the housing at the periphery of the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, and includes a heating space; and a cooling chamber which surrounds the heating chamber, and includes a cooling space by being isolated with the heat exchange unit abutting the heating chamber between the cooling chamber and the heating chamber, and a heating chamber which is positioned in the housing at the periphery of the ultrasonic vibration generating unit, and includes a heating space; and a cooling chamber which surrounds the heating chamber, and includes a cooling space by being isolated with the heat exchange unit abutting the heating chamber between the cooling chamber and the heating chamber, and the heat exchange unit further includes a thermoelectric element which absorbs heat at a heat absorbing surface that abuts the heating chamber, and radiates heat through a heat radiating surface that abuts the cooling chamber. a thermoelectric element which absorbs heat at a heat absorbing surface that abuts the heating chamber, and radiates heat through a heat radiating surface that abuts the cooling chamber.