A data transmission method, wherein the method comprises: receiving, by a second device, sports and health data that is sent by a first device according to a particular data storage structure, wherein the particular data storage structure is divided into at least one logical page, each logical page includes at least one data frame group, each data frame group includes one primary frame and at least one secondary frame, the primary frame records sports and health data detected within a first time period, and the secondary frame records sports and health data detected within a second time period; wherein the logical page carries a timestamp, the timestamp records a start time of sports and health data stored on the logical page, and each data frame group includes one primary frame and at least one secondary frame; the method includes: obtaining, by the second device, a system time corresponding to the second device, a start time corresponding to a timestamp on the last logical page, and a sum of quantities of primary frames and secondary frames on the last logical page; determining, by the second device, whether a difference between the system time corresponding to the second device and the start time corresponding to the timestamp on the last logical page is equal to a product of the sum of the quantities of the primary frames and the secondary frames on the last logical page and the second time period; and if the second device determines that the difference between the system time corresponding to the second device and the start time corresponding to the timestamp on the last logical page is not equal to the product of the sum of the quantities of the primary frames and the secondary frames on the last logical page and the second time period, sending, by the second device, a retransmission request message to the first device, wherein the retransmission request message is used to indicate that the second device has not received sports and health data on the last logical page. receiving, by a second device, sports and health data that is sent by a first device according to a particular data storage structure, wherein the particular data storage structure is divided into at least one logical page, each logical page includes at least one data frame group, each data frame group includes one primary frame and at least one secondary frame, the primary frame records sports and health data detected within a first time period, and the secondary frame records sports and health data detected within a second time period; wherein the logical page carries a timestamp, the timestamp records a start time of sports and health data stored on the logical page, and each data frame group includes one primary frame and at least one secondary frame; the method includes: obtaining, by the second device, a system time corresponding to the second device, a start time corresponding to a timestamp on the last logical page, and a sum of quantities of primary frames and secondary frames on the last logical page; determining, by the second device, whether a difference between the system time corresponding to the second device and the start time corresponding to the timestamp on the last logical page is equal to a product of the sum of the quantities of the primary frames and the secondary frames on the last logical page and the second time period; and if the second device determines that the difference between the system time corresponding to the second device and the start time corresponding to the timestamp on the last logical page is not equal to the product of the sum of the quantities of the primary frames and the secondary frames on the last logical page and the second time period, sending, by the second device, a retransmission request message to the first device, wherein the retransmission request message is used to indicate that the second device has not received sports and health data on the last logical page. obtaining, by the second device, a system time corresponding to the second device, a start time corresponding to a timestamp on the last logical page, and a sum of quantities of primary frames and secondary frames on the last logical page; determining, by the second device, whether a difference between the system time corresponding to the second device and the start time corresponding to the timestamp on the last logical page is equal to a product of the sum of the quantities of the primary frames and the secondary frames on the last logical page and the second time period; and if the second device determines that the difference between the system time corresponding to the second device and the start time corresponding to the timestamp on the last logical page is not equal to the product of the sum of the quantities of the primary frames and the secondary frames on the last logical page and the second time period, sending, by the second device, a retransmission request message to the first device, wherein the retransmission request message is used to indicate that the second device has not received sports and health data on the last logical page.