mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
A semiconductor light emitting device, comprising: a substrate; a crystalline semiconductor cladding layer formed over said substrate; a confinement heterostructure (74, 78) formed over said crystalline semiconductor cladding layer, an upper portion of said confinement heterostructure formed as a ridge structure, said confinement heterostructure formed at least in part of InGaN; an active region formed within said confinement heterostructure; a combined ohmic contact and cladding layer (80, 84) which comprises a phase matching ohmic contact layer and a non-epitaxial cladding layer, wherein the phase matching ohmic contact layer is formed over and in physical contact with said upper portion of said confinement heterostructure, as part of said ridge structure, said phase matching ohmic contact layer is electrically conductive and is substantially optically transparent at the wavelength of operation of said semiconductor light emitting device, said non-epitaxial cladding layer provided in physical contact with said phase matching ohmic contact layer, wherein said non-epitaxial cladding layer is a metal having an electrical resistivity less than 1 ohm-cm; whereby said crystalline semiconductor cladding layer, said confinement heterostructure, and said combined ohmic contact and cladding layer together form a waveguide that guides light in the plane of said cladding layers. a substrate; a crystalline semiconductor cladding layer formed over said substrate; a confinement heterostructure (74, 78) formed over said crystalline semiconductor cladding layer, an upper portion of said confinement heterostructure formed as a ridge structure, said confinement heterostructure formed at least in part of InGaN; an active region formed within said confinement heterostructure; a combined ohmic contact and cladding layer (80, 84) which comprises a phase matching ohmic contact layer and a non-epitaxial cladding layer, wherein the phase matching ohmic contact layer is formed over and in physical contact with said upper portion of said confinement heterostructure, as part of said ridge structure, said phase matching ohmic contact layer is electrically conductive and is substantially optically transparent at the wavelength of operation of said semiconductor light emitting device, said non-epitaxial cladding layer provided in physical contact with said phase matching ohmic contact layer, wherein said non-epitaxial cladding layer is a metal having an electrical resistivity less than 1 ohm-cm; whereby said crystalline semiconductor cladding layer, said confinement heterostructure, and said combined ohmic contact and cladding layer together form a waveguide that guides light in the plane of said cladding layers.
An engine exhaust emission control device comprising: an addition device for adding a NOx reducing agent to exhaust gas of an engine; a first controller for controlling the addition device; and a second controller configured to be in association with the engine, the device being characterized in that the second controller detects an abnormality that occurs in an engine part (12, 36) that influences the composition of exhaust gas at the point in time of emission from a cylinder, and at the time of an abnormality occurrence when the occurrence of this abnormality is detected, outputs to the first controller, an addition device control signal for making a reducing agent addition amount by the addition device increase or decrease from that at a normal engine operation time other than at the time of the abnormality occurrence, corresponding to the engine part (12, 36) in which the abnormality has occurred and the mode of the abnormality. an addition device for adding a NOx reducing agent to exhaust gas of an engine; a first controller for controlling the addition device; and a second controller configured to be in association with the engine, the device being characterized in that the second controller detects an abnormality that occurs in an engine part (12, 36) that influences the composition of exhaust gas at the point in time of emission from a cylinder, and at the time of an abnormality occurrence when the occurrence of this abnormality is detected, outputs to the first controller, an addition device control signal for making a reducing agent addition amount by the addition device increase or decrease from that at a normal engine operation time other than at the time of the abnormality occurrence, corresponding to the engine part (12, 36) in which the abnormality has occurred and the mode of the abnormality. the second controller detects an abnormality that occurs in an engine part (12, 36) that influences the composition of exhaust gas at the point in time of emission from a cylinder, and at the time of an abnormality occurrence when the occurrence of this abnormality is detected, outputs to the first controller, an addition device control signal for making a reducing agent addition amount by the addition device increase or decrease from that at a normal engine operation time other than at the time of the abnormality occurrence, corresponding to the engine part (12, 36) in which the abnormality has occurred and the mode of the abnormality.
A wheel torque sensor system for a vehicle, comprising: a wheel hub configured to rotate around a rotation axis as the vehicle moves; a brake caliper, including a brake pad (62, 64), configured to apply a caliper force to the wheel hub; a reaction carriage interconnected with the brake caliper and configured to have a reaction force applied thereto when the brake caliper applies the caliper force to the wheel hub; a hydraulic chamber (94, 98) including a hydraulic fluid; and a pressure sensor, configured to be in communication with the hydraulic chamber (94, 98), that senses pressure applied to the hydraulic fluid in response to the reaction force; and characterized by a vehicle frame member that retains the reaction carriage; wherein the hydraulic chamber (94, 98) is disposed between the vehicle frame member and the reaction carriage. a wheel hub configured to rotate around a rotation axis as the vehicle moves; a brake caliper, including a brake pad (62, 64), configured to apply a caliper force to the wheel hub; a reaction carriage interconnected with the brake caliper and configured to have a reaction force applied thereto when the brake caliper applies the caliper force to the wheel hub; a hydraulic chamber (94, 98) including a hydraulic fluid; and a pressure sensor, configured to be in communication with the hydraulic chamber (94, 98), that senses pressure applied to the hydraulic fluid in response to the reaction force; and characterized by a vehicle frame member that retains the reaction carriage; wherein the hydraulic chamber (94, 98) is disposed between the vehicle frame member and the reaction carriage.
A sensing system suitable for detecting ionization current in an internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder, the sensing system comprising: a fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, the fuel injector being fixedly positioned within the combustion chamber and electrically insulated from an engine body of the internal combustion engine; and a sensing circuit suitable for measuring ionization current, the circuit including a power source for supplying power to the fuel injector, wherein the power source is electrically connected to the fuel injector via a positive terminal, the positive terminal having a preset potential, and wherein the power source is electrically connected to the engine body via a negative terminal; wherein the fuel injector includes a solenoid operable to selectively drive a needle for injecting fuel into the cylinder, the solenoid terminals being electrically insulated from an injector body of the fuel injector; characterised in that current passing through the solenoid is detected through causing a disturbance in the voltage of the fuel injector. a fuel injector for injecting fuel into the combustion chamber, the fuel injector being fixedly positioned within the combustion chamber and electrically insulated from an engine body of the internal combustion engine; and a sensing circuit suitable for measuring ionization current, the circuit including a power source for supplying power to the fuel injector, wherein the power source is electrically connected to the fuel injector via a positive terminal, the positive terminal having a preset potential, and wherein the power source is electrically connected to the engine body via a negative terminal; wherein the fuel injector includes a solenoid operable to selectively drive a needle for injecting fuel into the cylinder, the solenoid terminals being electrically insulated from an injector body of the fuel injector; characterised in that current passing through the solenoid is detected through causing a disturbance in the voltage of the fuel injector.
A submersible power supply apparatus comprising: a plurality of replaceable reserve battery modules; and a rechargeable battery; characterised by a plurality of modular reserve battery; magazines, each having a plurality of compartments, wherein each compartment houses one of the plurality of replaceable reserve battery modules, and wherein the plurality of modular reserve battery magazines are attachable to and detachable from each other, and the battery modules are individually detachable from and attachable to the reserve battery magazines; the power supply apparatus further comprising: an activatable reserve battery disposed in each reserve battery module, an electrically powered control system for controlling the power supply apparatus and activating one or more of the reserve batteries depending on an amount of power required, wherein each reserve battery module is configured to provide power under the condition that the reserve battery provided therein is activated by the electrically powered control system; wherein the submersible power supply apparatus is configured to recharge the rechargeable battery with power supplied by any of an external source and an activated reserve battery. a plurality of replaceable reserve battery modules; and a rechargeable battery; characterised by a plurality of modular reserve battery; magazines, each having a plurality of compartments, wherein each compartment houses one of the plurality of replaceable reserve battery modules, and wherein the plurality of modular reserve battery magazines are attachable to and detachable from each other, and the battery modules are individually detachable from and attachable to the reserve battery magazines; the power supply apparatus further comprising: an activatable reserve battery disposed in each reserve battery module, an electrically powered control system for controlling the power supply apparatus and activating one or more of the reserve batteries depending on an amount of power required, wherein each reserve battery module is configured to provide power under the condition that the reserve battery provided therein is activated by the electrically powered control system; wherein the submersible power supply apparatus is configured to recharge the rechargeable battery with power supplied by any of an external source and an activated reserve battery.
Rubber composition based on at least one diene elastomer, a reinforcing filler comprising at least carbon black and an inorganic filler, that is to say any inorganic or mineral filler, whatever its colour and its origin in contrast to carbon black, with an inorganic filler content of less than or equal to 50 parts by weight per hundred parts of elastomer, characterized in that the composition is obtained from a first masterbatch comprising at least one first diene elastomer and carbon black, and having a dispersion of the carbon black in the elastomeric matrix that has a Z value, as defined in pages 7 and 8 of the description, of greater than or equal to 90, added to which is the inorganic filler and at least one second elastomer, identical to or different from the first elastomer.
An arc welding power supply that supplies power to a welding wire functioning as a discharge electrode to generate an arc from an electrode distal end of the welding wire and perform arc welding on a welded article, the arc welding power supply comprising: an output control unit that adjusts the power supplied to the welding wire to a power value suitable for arc welding; a feed control unit that cyclically changes a feeding speed of the welding wire, wherein the feeding speed includes a forward feeding speed and a rearward feeding speed; and an amplitude control unit, characterised in that the amplitude control unit cyclically changes an amplitude of the feeding speed of the welding wire to cyclically vary an average arc length. an output control unit that adjusts the power supplied to the welding wire to a power value suitable for arc welding; a feed control unit that cyclically changes a feeding speed of the welding wire, wherein the feeding speed includes a forward feeding speed and a rearward feeding speed; and an amplitude control unit, characterised in that the amplitude control unit cyclically changes an amplitude of the feeding speed of the welding wire to cyclically vary an average arc length.
A process for production of high purity galactooligosaccharides by free cells comprising: a) growing of microorganisms that produce enzyme for hydrolysing sugar to oligosaccharide under optimum medium and conditions to obtain cell biomass of Bullera singularis ( also called Sporobolomyces singularis) and Saccharomyces sp., b) hydrolysis of lactose and utilization of produced glucose by mixed microbial culture of step a, c) separating galactooligosaccharides from microbial culture using microfiltration membrane system or centrifugation, d) filtering said galactooligosaccharides using a deep bed filter with cotton and activated carbon or carbon filter at a flow rate of 10-30 ml/min, e) concentrating galactooligosaccharides at the temperature range of 40-60 °C in vacuum evaporator so as to obtain a syrup having 70-80% dissolved solids, f) drying said syrup to obtain high purity of galactooligosaccharides in amorphous form powder, g) crystallizing said amorphous powder to obtain crystalline galactooligosaccharides. a) growing of microorganisms that produce enzyme for hydrolysing sugar to oligosaccharide under optimum medium and conditions to obtain cell biomass of Bullera singularis ( also called Sporobolomyces singularis) and Saccharomyces sp., b) hydrolysis of lactose and utilization of produced glucose by mixed microbial culture of step a, c) separating galactooligosaccharides from microbial culture using microfiltration membrane system or centrifugation, d) filtering said galactooligosaccharides using a deep bed filter with cotton and activated carbon or carbon filter at a flow rate of 10-30 ml/min, e) concentrating galactooligosaccharides at the temperature range of 40-60 °C in vacuum evaporator so as to obtain a syrup having 70-80% dissolved solids, f) drying said syrup to obtain high purity of galactooligosaccharides in amorphous form powder, g) crystallizing said amorphous powder to obtain crystalline galactooligosaccharides.
A method for device-to-device, D2D, communication, the method comprising: a requesting user equipment, UE, (30, 400, 600) broadcasting a Direct Communication Request initiating communication with a remote UE (30, 400, 600) to one or more neighboring UEs, the Direct Communication Request comprising a relay indication indicating whether relaying is allowed for a communication path between the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) and the remote UE (30, 400, 600) and having a value set by the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) to a maximum number of relays allowed for the communication path, wherein the Direct Communication Request is forwarded by a UE (30, 400, 600) if the value of the relay indication in the Direct Communication request as received by the UE (30, 400, 600) is greater than zero and the value of the relay indication is decreased with each forwarding of the Direct Communication Request; the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) receiving, responsive to the Direct Communication Request, a response message from one or more of the neighboring UEs; and the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) determining a communication path for the D2D communication between the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) and the remote UE (30, 400, 600) based on the one or more response messages. a requesting user equipment, UE, (30, 400, 600) broadcasting a Direct Communication Request initiating communication with a remote UE (30, 400, 600) to one or more neighboring UEs, the Direct Communication Request comprising a relay indication indicating whether relaying is allowed for a communication path between the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) and the remote UE (30, 400, 600) and having a value set by the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) to a maximum number of relays allowed for the communication path, wherein the Direct Communication Request is forwarded by a UE (30, 400, 600) if the value of the relay indication in the Direct Communication request as received by the UE (30, 400, 600) is greater than zero and the value of the relay indication is decreased with each forwarding of the Direct Communication Request; the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) receiving, responsive to the Direct Communication Request, a response message from one or more of the neighboring UEs; and the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) determining a communication path for the D2D communication between the requesting UE (30, 400, 600) and the remote UE (30, 400, 600) based on the one or more response messages.
An envelope detection circuit, comprising: - a first input node and a second input node configured to receive therebetween an input analog signal ( v RF) resulting from amplitude modulation of a radio-frequency carrier by a digital signal ( V OOK), - a first output node and a second output node configured to provide therebetween an output signal ( v out) indicative of rising and falling edges of an envelope of said input analog signal ( v RF) received, said rising and falling edges being indicative of rising and falling edges of said digital signal ( V OOK), wherein said second output node is directly coupled to the second input node to provide a ground node, and - a first current path between a power supply node (V dd) and the first input node, the first current path comprising at least one first transistor having the current path therethrough coupled between the first input node and a first bias source (G1, I bias), the first bias source (G1, I bias) coupled between the at least one first transistor and the power supply node (V dd), wherein the first output node is coupled to a node in the first current path intermediate the at least one first transistor and the first bias source, the envelope detection circuit being characterized in that a control terminal of the at least one first transistor is coupled to the first output node via a feedback network (R, C), and in that said feedback network (R, C) comprises a resistive component coupled between the control terminal of the at least one first transistor and the first output node, and a capacitive component coupled between the control terminal of the at least one first transistor and the ground node. - a first input node and a second input node configured to receive therebetween an input analog signal ( v RF) resulting from amplitude modulation of a radio-frequency carrier by a digital signal ( V OOK), - a first output node and a second output node configured to provide therebetween an output signal ( v out) indicative of rising and falling edges of an envelope of said input analog signal ( v RF) received, said rising and falling edges being indicative of rising and falling edges of said digital signal ( V OOK), wherein said second output node is directly coupled to the second input node to provide a ground node, and - a first current path between a power supply node (V dd) and the first input node, the first current path comprising at least one first transistor having the current path therethrough coupled between the first input node and a first bias source (G1, I bias), the first bias source (G1, I bias) coupled between the at least one first transistor and the power supply node (V dd),
An alignment layer comprising: a photoreactive norbornene homopolymer, prepared by polymerizing a monomer selected from the group consisting of 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(4-fluoro-cinnamate), 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(3-fluoro-cinnamate), 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(3,4-difluoro-cinnamate), and 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(perfluoro-cinnamate), at a temperature of 10-200°C in the presence of a catalyst composition including a procatalyst containing a Group 10 transition metal and a cocatalyst; and an acrylate binder resin, wherein the alignment layer is prepared by mixing the photoreactive norbornene polymer, the acrylate binder resin, and a photoinitiator, dissolving them in an organic solvent, coating it onto a substrate and UV- curing it. a photoreactive norbornene homopolymer, prepared by polymerizing a monomer selected from the group consisting of 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(4-fluoro-cinnamate), 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(3-fluoro-cinnamate), 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(3,4-difluoro-cinnamate), and 5-norbornene-2-methyl-(perfluoro-cinnamate), at a temperature of 10-200°C in the presence of a catalyst composition including a procatalyst containing a Group 10 transition metal and a cocatalyst; and an acrylate binder resin, wherein the alignment layer is prepared by mixing the photoreactive norbornene polymer, the acrylate binder resin, and a photoinitiator, dissolving them in an organic solvent, coating it onto a substrate and UV- curing it.
Method for obtaining polymerizable aromatic compounds having nine carbon atoms, wherein a component mixture is formed at least in part by means of steam cracking, wherein the component mixture is subjected at least in part to a treatment sequence (2, 3, 4, 5) comprising a gasoline removal, and thereafter to a compaction and fractionation, and wherein one or more pyrolysis gasoline fractions (H, L) are formed during gasoline removal and/or during compaction and one or more further pyrolysis gasoline fractions are formed during fractionation, characterized in that a separation feed is formed which exclusively contains pyrolysis gasoline from the or at least one of the pyrolysis gasoline fractions (H, L) formed during gasoline removal and/or during compaction and which is free of pyrolysis gasoline from the one or more further pyrolysis gasoline fractions from fractionation, and in that the separation feed is subjected at least in part to a separation, wherein at least one first fraction is formed during separation which, compared to the separation feed, is enriched in aromatic compounds having nine carbon atoms.