A display panel comprising: a base substrate; a plurality of electroluminescent elements on the base substrate, each of the plurality of electroluminescent elements comprising a light emitting layer and a transparent electrode layer on a light exit side of the light emitting layer; and a first optical coupling layer on the side of the transparent electrode layer away from the light emitting layer, and being coupled to at least a part of the transparent electrode layer, wherein the first optical coupling layer is conductive, characterized in that the display panel further comprising: a second optical coupling layer on a side of the first optical coupling layer away from the transparent electrode layer, and a refractive index of the second optical coupling layer is smaller than a refractive index of the first optical coupling layer, wherein, the second optical coupling layer is a semiconductor layer comprising a second n-type doping material or a second p-type doping material, and in a cross-sectional view an orthographic projection of the first optical coupling layer on the base substrate falls into an orthographic projection of the second optical coupling layer on the base substrate, and the second optical coupling layer is in contact with a part of the transparent electrode layer which is not covered by the first optical coupling layer. a base substrate; a plurality of electroluminescent elements on the base substrate, each of the plurality of electroluminescent elements comprising a light emitting layer and a transparent electrode layer on a light exit side of the light emitting layer; and a first optical coupling layer on the side of the transparent electrode layer away from the light emitting layer, and being coupled to at least a part of the transparent electrode layer, wherein the first optical coupling layer is conductive, characterized in that the display panel further comprising: a second optical coupling layer on a side of the first optical coupling layer away from the transparent electrode layer, and a refractive index of the second optical coupling layer is smaller than a refractive index of the first optical coupling layer, wherein, the second optical coupling layer is a semiconductor layer comprising a second n-type doping material or a second p-type doping material, and in a cross-sectional view an orthographic projection of the first optical coupling layer on the base substrate falls into an orthographic projection of the second optical coupling layer on the base substrate, and the second optical coupling layer is in contact with a part of the transparent electrode layer which is not covered by the first optical coupling layer. a second optical coupling layer on a side of the first optical coupling layer away from the transparent electrode layer, and a refractive index of the second optical coupling layer is smaller than a refractive index of the first optical coupling layer, wherein, the second optical coupling layer is a semiconductor layer comprising a second n-type doping material or a second p-type doping material, and in a cross-sectional view an orthographic projection of the first optical coupling layer on the base substrate falls into an orthographic projection of the second optical coupling layer on the base substrate, and the second optical coupling layer is in contact with a part of the transparent electrode layer which is not covered by the first optical coupling layer.