A pothole sign detection system comprising: an electromagnetic wave transmitting unit configured to emit electromagnetic waves, wherein the electromagnetic waves are tuned to penetrate through a surface of a road pavement and a plurality of pavement layer interfaces and to generate reflected waves from said surface of a road pavement and said plurality of pavement layer interfaces, respectively; an electromagnetic wave receiving unit configured to receive the electromagnetic waves reflected from the surface of a road pavement and the plurality of pavement layer interfaces, respectively; a dielectric constant calculation unit configured to calculate a dielectric constant of the surface of the road pavement and a dielectric constant of the pavement layer interface according to an amplitude of the received electromagnetic wave; a crack rate diagnosis unit configured to diagnose a crack rate state of the surface of the road pavement by comparing the dielectric constant of the surface of the road pavement with a preset surface dielectric constant reference value; a pavement layer separation state diagnosis unit configured to diagnose a pavement layer separation state of the pavement layer interface of the road pavement by comparing the dielectric constant of the pavement layer interface of the road pavement with a preset interface dielectric constant reference value; an attenuation calculation unit configured to calculate energy attenuation in each of the plurality of pavement layers according to the amplitude of the received electromagnetic wave; a pavement layer inside state diagnosis unit configured to diagnose a state inside the plurality of pavement layers by comparing the attenuation with a preset attenuation reference value; and a sign determination unit configured to determine a pothole occurrence sign in the road pavement by using the crack rate state information, the pavement layer separation state information, and the attenuation information. an electromagnetic wave transmitting unit configured to emit electromagnetic waves, wherein the electromagnetic waves are tuned to penetrate through a surface of a road pavement and a plurality of pavement layer interfaces and to generate reflected waves from said surface of a road pavement and said plurality of pavement layer interfaces, respectively; an electromagnetic wave receiving unit configured to receive the electromagnetic waves reflected from the surface of a road pavement and the plurality of pavement layer interfaces, respectively; a dielectric constant calculation unit configured to calculate a dielectric constant of the surface of the road pavement and a dielectric constant of the pavement layer interface according to an amplitude of the received electromagnetic wave; a crack rate diagnosis unit configured to diagnose a crack rate state of the surface of the road pavement by comparing the dielectric constant of the surface of the road pavement with a preset surface dielectric constant reference value; a pavement layer separation state diagnosis unit configured to diagnose a pavement layer separation state of the pavement layer interface of the road pavement by comparing the dielectric constant of the pavement layer interface of the road pavement with a preset interface dielectric constant reference value; an attenuation calculation unit configured to calculate energy attenuation in each of the plurality of pavement layers according to the amplitude of the received electromagnetic wave; a pavement layer inside state diagnosis unit configured to diagnose a state inside the plurality of pavement layers by comparing the attenuation with a preset attenuation reference value; and a sign determination unit configured to determine a pothole occurrence sign in the road pavement by using the crack rate state information, the pavement layer separation state information, and the attenuation information.