Decoder configured to decode transform coefficients from a data stream, the transform coefficients being grouped into coefficient groups, the coefficient groups being grouped into group sets, the decoder being configured to derive from the data stream an indication of a significance coding mode; derive from the data stream information which identifies a first subset of group sets for which a significance coding mode is not to be used, and a second subset of group sets for which the significance coding mode is to be used; for each group set out of the first subset, for each coefficient group of the respective group set, identify a first set of coded bit planes by deriving a first prediction for the first set of coded bit planes based on a first previously decoded coefficient group, correcting the first prediction using a first prediction residual derived from the data stream using variable length decoding so as to obtain a corrected prediction for the first set of coded bit planes, deriving bits of the respective coefficient group within the identified first set of coded bit planes from the data stream; if the significance coding mode is a first mode, for each group set out of the second subset, for each coefficient group of the respective group set, identify a second set of coded bit planes by deriving a second prediction for the second set of coded bit planes based on a second previously decoded coefficient group, and derive bits of the respective coefficient group within the identified second set of coded bit planes from the data stream; and if the significance coding mode is a second mode, for each group set of the second subset, inherit that for each coefficient group of respective group set, coefficients of the respective coefficient group are insignificant. derive from the data stream an indication of a significance coding mode; derive from the data stream information which identifies a first subset of group sets for which a significance coding mode is not to be used, and a second subset of group sets for which the significance coding mode is to be used; for each group set out of the first subset, for each coefficient group of the respective group set, identify a first set of coded bit planes by deriving a first prediction for the first set of coded bit planes based on a first previously decoded coefficient group, correcting the first prediction using a first prediction residual derived from the data stream using variable length decoding so as to obtain a corrected prediction for the first set of coded bit planes, deriving bits of the respective coefficient group within the identified first set of coded bit planes from the data stream; identify a first set of coded bit planes by deriving a first prediction for the first set of coded bit planes based on a first previously decoded coefficient group, correcting the first prediction using a first prediction residual derived from the data stream using variable length decoding so as to obtain a corrected prediction for the first set of coded bit planes, deriving a first prediction for the first set of coded bit planes based on a first previously decoded coefficient group, correcting the first prediction using a first prediction residual derived from the data stream using variable length decoding so as to obtain a corrected prediction for the first set of coded bit planes, deriving bits of the respective coefficient group within the identified first set of coded bit planes from the data stream; if the significance coding mode is a first mode, for each group set out of the second subset, for each coefficient group of the respective group set, identify a second set of coded bit planes by deriving a second prediction for the second set of coded bit planes based on a second previously decoded coefficient group, and derive bits of the respective coefficient group within the identified second set of coded bit planes from the data stream; and identify a second set of coded bit planes by deriving a second prediction for the second set of coded bit planes based on a second previously decoded coefficient group, and derive bits of the respective coefficient group within the identified second set of coded bit planes from the data stream; and if the significance coding mode is a second mode, for each group set of the second subset, inherit that for each coefficient group of respective group set, coefficients of the respective coefficient group are insignificant.