A method of analyzing an object in the context of a given application, characterized in that it is conducted in two parts, that is to say a first part comprising the following steps: ✔ irradiating the object by incident photon radiation, ✔ acquiring a unique energy spectrum transmitted by the object along the incident radiation axis, referred to as measured transmission spectrum, using a spectrometric detector placed for transmission, ✔ determining at least a first characteristic of a material constituting the object based on the measured transmission spectrum, ✔ verifying that at least one criterion, referred to as suspicion criterion, is met, which suspicion criterion comprises at least one predefined range of values containing values of the first characteristic corresponding to materials searched for having regard to the given application, the verifying of the suspicion criterion comprising a step of comparing the first characteristic as previously determined for the object with said predefined range of values, and a second part carried out solely when the suspicion criterion is met, which second part comprises: ✔ acquiring an energy spectrum, referred to as measured scattering spectrum, scattered by the object at a single scattering angle (θ) comprised between 1° and 15° using a spectrometric detector placed for scattering, ✔ determining a second characteristic of the object based - either on the measured scattering spectrum, - or both on the measured scattering spectrum and on the measured transmission spectrum, ✔ comparing - either the second characteristic of the object, - or both the first and second characteristics of the object, with characteristics of calibration materials stored in a database, for the purposes of identifying a material constituting the object. ✔ irradiating the object by incident photon radiation, ✔ acquiring a unique energy spectrum transmitted by the object along the incident radiation axis, referred to as measured transmission spectrum, using a spectrometric detector placed for transmission, ✔ determining at least a first characteristic of a material constituting the object based on the measured transmission spectrum, ✔ verifying that at least one criterion, referred to as suspicion criterion, is met, which suspicion criterion comprises at least one predefined range of values containing values of the first characteristic corresponding to materials searched for having regard to the given application, the verifying of the suspicion criterion comprising a step of comparing the first characteristic as previously determined for the object with said predefined range of values, ✔ acquiring an energy spectrum, referred to as measured scattering spectrum, scattered by the object at a single scattering angle (θ) comprised between 1° and 15° using a spectrometric detector placed for scattering, ✔ determining a second characteristic of the object based - either on the measured scattering spectrum, - or both on the measured scattering spectrum and on the measured transmission spectrum, - either on the measured scattering spectrum, - or both on the measured scattering spectrum and on the measured transmission spectrum, ✔ comparing - either the second characteristic of the object, - or both the first and second characteristics of the object, with characteristics of calibration materials stored in a database, for the purposes of identifying a material constituting the object. - either the second characteristic of the object, - or both the first and second characteristics of the object, with characteristics of calibration materials stored in a database, for the purposes of identifying a material constituting the object.