Process for extracting resin and rubber from guayule plants, comprising in sequence the steps of: a. harvesting guayule plants; b. defoliating said plants; c. either before of after the defoliation step "b", preserving the guayule plants or the defoliated plants in environments at controlled temperature and relative humidity, for a time comprised between 7 and 21 days, so that the residual moisture contained in the plant is maintained in the range of 30-45%; d. grinding said defoliated plants up to obtain a plant material comprising plant fragments with average sizes between 0.5 and 10 mm; e. dispersing said plant material in a polar solvent system, comprising at least one polar organic solvent and a stabilizer system, to obtain a suspension; f. subjecting the obtained suspension from step "e" to filtration/pressing to separate a first miscella comprising said resin from a first bagasse; g. removing the at least one polar organic solvent from said first miscella to obtain the concentrated resin; h. removing the at least one polar organic solvent from the first bagasse obtained in step "f"; i. dispersing said first desolventized bagasse obtained in step "h" in an apolar solvent system, comprising at least one apolar organic solvent and a stabilizer system, to obtain a suspension; j. subjecting said suspension obtained in step "i" to filtration/pressing to separate a second miscella comprising said rubber from a second bagasse; k. removing the at least one apolar organic solvent from said second miscella to obtain rubber in the solid state; l. removing the at least one apolar organic solvent from the second bagasse obtained in step "j". a. harvesting guayule plants; b. defoliating said plants; c. either before of after the defoliation step "b", preserving the guayule plants or the defoliated plants in environments at controlled temperature and relative humidity, for a time comprised between 7 and 21 days, so that the residual moisture contained in the plant is maintained in the range of 30-45%; d. grinding said defoliated plants up to obtain a plant material comprising plant fragments with average sizes between 0.5 and 10 mm; e. dispersing said plant material in a polar solvent system, comprising at least one polar organic solvent and a stabilizer system, to obtain a suspension; f. subjecting the obtained suspension from step "e" to filtration/pressing to separate a first miscella comprising said resin from a first bagasse; g. removing the at least one polar organic solvent from said first miscella to obtain the concentrated resin; h. removing the at least one polar organic solvent from the first bagasse obtained in step "f"; i. dispersing said first desolventized bagasse obtained in step "h" in an apolar solvent system, comprising at least one apolar organic solvent and a stabilizer system, to obtain a suspension; j. subjecting said suspension obtained in step "i" to filtration/pressing to separate a second miscella comprising said rubber from a second bagasse; k. removing the at least one apolar organic solvent from said second miscella to obtain rubber in the solid state; l. removing the at least one apolar organic solvent from the second bagasse obtained in step "j".