Device for detecting at least one biomolecule of interest in a sample, the device comprising: - a substrate, comprising at least a first electrode (11 c); - a multilayer structure, comprising at least a second electrode (21 c); - nanowires, extending between the first electrode (11 c) and the second electrode (21 c), parallel to a transverse axis; - an encapsulation layer extending around the nanowires, between the substrate and the multilayer structure, the encapsulation layer being formed from an insulating material; - the multilayer structure comprising: • a conductive layer, forming each second electrode; • an electrically insulating interface layer covering each second electrode (21 c), each second electrode being interposed between the interface layer and a nanowire, the interface layer being bounded by a functionalization surface, the interface layer being configured to be placed between the sample and the second electrode, such that the functionalization surface forms an interface between the device and the sample; - the multilayer structure being such that • the functionalization surface is configured to selectively capture the biomolecule of interest; • the second electrode and the interface layer are transparent in a detection spectral band; the device being such that: - each nanowire comprises a homojunction, or heterojunction, or Schottky junction between the first electrode and the second electrode; - the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to be connected to a detection circuit; - such that each nanowire forms a nanophotodetector of light emitted from the functionalization surface, the light detected by each nanowire inducing a detection electrical signal in the detection circuit. - a substrate, comprising at least a first electrode (11 c); - a multilayer structure, comprising at least a second electrode (21 c); - nanowires, extending between the first electrode (11 c) and the second electrode (21 c), parallel to a transverse axis; - an encapsulation layer extending around the nanowires, between the substrate and the multilayer structure, the encapsulation layer being formed from an insulating material; - the multilayer structure comprising: • a conductive layer, forming each second electrode; • an electrically insulating interface layer covering each second electrode (21 c), each second electrode being interposed between the interface layer and a nanowire, the interface layer being bounded by a functionalization surface, the interface layer being configured to be placed between the sample and the second electrode, such that the functionalization surface forms an interface between the device and the sample; • a conductive layer, forming each second electrode; • an electrically insulating interface layer covering each second electrode (21 c), each second electrode being interposed between the interface layer and a nanowire, the interface layer being bounded by a functionalization surface, the interface layer being configured to be placed between the sample and the second electrode, such that the functionalization surface forms an interface between the device and the sample; - the multilayer structure being such that • the functionalization surface is configured to selectively capture the biomolecule of interest; • the second electrode and the interface layer are transparent in a detection spectral band; • the functionalization surface is configured to selectively capture the biomolecule of interest; • the second electrode and the interface layer are transparent in a detection spectral band; - each nanowire comprises a homojunction, or heterojunction, or Schottky junction between the first electrode and the second electrode; - the first electrode and the second electrode are configured to be connected to a detection circuit; - such that each nanowire forms a nanophotodetector of light emitted from the functionalization surface, the light detected by each nanowire inducing a detection electrical signal in the detection circuit.