Probes with formula: in which: - either X 1 is an oxygen and SE is an esterase, glycosidase, phosphatase, sulfatase, or glucuronidase substrate, - or X 1 represents NH and SE is a protease, in particular amidase, peptidase or transferase substrate, - X 2 = O or S, - A is an aromatic group that, after cleavage of the C(X 2)-O bond in aqueous solution, leads to the liberation of a chromophore or a fluorophore, said aromatic group being a group comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic rings, said rings possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms and/or one or more carbon atoms in the form of a carbonyl C=O, - R represents a hydrogen atom or - n-GP, with n equal to 0 or 1, - L is a linker arm, - GP is a hydrosolubilizing group which is a function F 1 selected from primary, tertiary and secondary amines, amidine, guanidine, tetrazole; an anionic function F 2 of the carboxylate, sulfonate or phosphate type; a group comprising one or more of these functions F 1 and/or F 2; a polyethylene glycol; a sugar or polysaccharide such as glucose, galactose and mannose; a peptide group such as poly-lysine, poly-arginine and TAT-peptides, as well as their physiologically acceptable salts, said aromatic group A being selected from para-nitrophenol and its derivatives, indigoids, cyclohexenoescutetin, alizarin and hydroxyflavone, or said group A being an aromatic compound with -OA selected from or or said group A being an aromatic compound with -OA which corresponds to the formula: in which: either X 5 is an oxygen atom and X 4 is a -NH 2, -OH, -SH, alkyl, aryl, -O-alkyl, -O-phenyl, -NH-alkyl, -NH-phenyl, -S-alkyl or -S-aryl group, said alkyl and phenyl groups possibly being substituted or unsubstituted, or X 5 represents a nitrogen atom and is bonded to X 4 which then represents CH, O, S, N or NH to form a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and represents an aryl or a heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted, for example selected from phenyl, naphthyl groups, and said groups possibly being substituted or unsubstituted, with X 6 which represents S, O or NR", and R" which represents a hydrogen atom or a (C 1 -C 4)alkyl group. - either X 1 is an oxygen and SE is an esterase, glycosidase, phosphatase, sulfatase, or glucuronidase substrate, - or X 1 represents NH and SE is a protease, in particular amidase, peptidase or transferase substrate, - X 2 = O or S, - A is an aromatic group that, after cleavage of the C(X 2)-O bond in aqueous solution, leads to the liberation of a chromophore or a fluorophore, said aromatic group being a group comprising one or more substituted or unsubstituted aromatic rings, said rings possibly comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur atoms and/or one or more carbon atoms in the form of a carbonyl C=O, - R represents a hydrogen atom or - n-GP, with n equal to 0 or 1, - L is a linker arm, - GP is a hydrosolubilizing group which is a function F 1 selected from primary, tertiary and secondary amines, amidine, guanidine, tetrazole; an anionic function F 2 of the carboxylate, sulfonate or phosphate type; a group comprising one or more of these functions F 1 and/or F 2; a polyethylene glycol; a sugar or polysaccharide such as glucose, galactose and mannose; a peptide group such as poly-lysine, poly-arginine and TAT-peptides, as well as their physiologically acceptable salts, said aromatic group A being selected from para-nitrophenol and its derivatives, indigoids, cyclohexenoescutetin, alizarin and hydroxyflavone, or said group A being an aromatic compound with -OA selected from or or said group A being an aromatic compound with -OA which corresponds to the formula: in which: either X 5 is an oxygen atom and X 4 is a -NH 2, -OH, -SH, alkyl, aryl, -O-alkyl, -O-phenyl, -NH-alkyl, -NH-phenyl, -S-alkyl or -S-aryl group, said alkyl and phenyl groups possibly being substituted or unsubstituted, or X 5 represents a nitrogen atom and is bonded to X 4 which then represents CH, O, S, N or NH to form a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and represents an aryl or a heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted, for example selected from phenyl, naphthyl groups, and said groups possibly being substituted or unsubstituted, with X 6 which represents S, O or NR", and R" which represents a hydrogen atom or a (C 1 -C 4)alkyl group. either X 5 is an oxygen atom and X 4 is a -NH 2, -OH, -SH, alkyl, aryl, -O-alkyl, -O-phenyl, -NH-alkyl, -NH-phenyl, -S-alkyl or -S-aryl group, said alkyl and phenyl groups possibly being substituted or unsubstituted, or X 5 represents a nitrogen atom and is bonded to X 4 which then represents CH, O, S, N or NH to form a substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, and represents an aryl or a heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted, for example selected from phenyl, naphthyl groups, and said groups possibly being substituted or unsubstituted, with X 6 which represents S, O or NR", and R" which represents a hydrogen atom or a (C 1 -C 4)alkyl group.