A plant treatment system comprising: - a vehicle, - at least one camera adapted to be mounted on said vehicle to acquire an image of a portion of an area while said vehicle is travelling on said area, said image comprising a matrix of pixel values, - at least one plant treatment device adapted to be mounted on said vehicle and comprising a controller module adapted to receive a plant treatment signal and to selectively trigger a plant treatment based on said weed species detection signal, the plant treatment system further comprising a plant identification unit comprising: - a communication module adapted to receive the image acquired by the camera and to send a weed species detection signal to said controller module of said plant treatment device, - a memory module adapted to store said image, and - a processing module configured to: • convert the image into a plurality of vectors respectively associated with a plurality of image patches, each vector being representative of pixel values in the patch and the position of the patch in the image, • apply the plurality of vectors to a learnable encoder to generate a plurality of encoded patch vectors, • apply the outputs of the encoder to the inputs of a learnable decoder comprising a plurality of layers to generate a plurality of decoded patch vectors, said decoder further receiving class-related inputs to generate decoded plant class-related vectors, wherein at least one among the learnable encoder and the learnable decoder comprises a transformer-type multi-layer mechanism containing at least one self-attention layer, - combining said decoded plant class-related vectors and decoded patch vectors to generate a plurality of class masks each defining a probability that a given patch corresponds to a given class, - deriving from said class masks a probability matrix from which the plant detection signal is generated. - a vehicle, - at least one camera adapted to be mounted on said vehicle to acquire an image of a portion of an area while said vehicle is travelling on said area, said image comprising a matrix of pixel values, - at least one plant treatment device adapted to be mounted on said vehicle and comprising a controller module adapted to receive a plant treatment signal and to selectively trigger a plant treatment based on said weed species detection signal, - a communication module adapted to receive the image acquired by the camera and to send a weed species detection signal to said controller module of said plant treatment device, - a memory module adapted to store said image, and - a processing module configured to: • convert the image into a plurality of vectors respectively associated with a plurality of image patches, each vector being representative of pixel values in the patch and the position of the patch in the image, • apply the plurality of vectors to a learnable encoder to generate a plurality of encoded patch vectors, • apply the outputs of the encoder to the inputs of a learnable decoder comprising a plurality of layers to generate a plurality of decoded patch vectors, said decoder further receiving class-related inputs to generate decoded plant class-related vectors, wherein at least one among the learnable encoder and the learnable decoder comprises a transformer-type multi-layer mechanism containing at least one self-attention layer, • convert the image into a plurality of vectors respectively associated with a plurality of image patches, each vector being representative of pixel values in the patch and the position of the patch in the image, • apply the plurality of vectors to a learnable encoder to generate a plurality of encoded patch vectors, • apply the outputs of the encoder to the inputs of a learnable decoder comprising a plurality of layers to generate a plurality of decoded patch vectors, said decoder further receiving class-related inputs to generate decoded plant class-related vectors, wherein at least one among the learnable encoder and the learnable decoder comprises a transformer-type multi-layer mechanism containing at least one self-attention layer, - combining said decoded plant class-related vectors and decoded patch vectors to generate a plurality of class masks each defining a probability that a given patch corresponds to a given class, - deriving from said class masks a probability matrix from which the plant detection signal is generated.