mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
Method for the exhaust-gas aftertreatment of an internal combustion engine, the outlet of which is connected to an exhaust-gas system, wherein, in the exhaust-gas system, in a flow direction of an exhaust gas through the exhaust-gas system, there are arranged a first three-way catalytic converter and a second three-way catalytic converter (34, 36) downstream of the first three-way catalytic converter, wherein, in an exhaust-gas channel of the exhaust-gas system, a first lambda probe is arranged upstream of the first three-way catalytic converter and a further lambda probe (42, 44) is arranged downstream of the first three-way catalytic converter and upstream of the second three-way catalytic converter (34, 36), comprising the following steps: - ascertaining the component temperatures (T K1, T K2) of the first and second three-way catalytic converters (30, 34, 36), - comparing the component temperature (T K1, T K2) with the respective light-off temperature (T LOK1, T LOK2) of the first and second three-way catalytic converters (30, 34, 36), and - performing closed-loop lambda control of the internal combustion engine by means of the lambda probe (40, 42, 44) upstream of the last three-way catalytic converter (30, 34, 36) which has reached its light-off temperature. - ascertaining the component temperatures (T K1, T K2) of the first and second three-way catalytic converters (30, 34, 36), - comparing the component temperature (T K1, T K2) with the respective light-off temperature (T LOK1, T LOK2) of the first and second three-way catalytic converters (30, 34, 36), and - performing closed-loop lambda control of the internal combustion engine by means of the lambda probe (40, 42, 44) upstream of the last three-way catalytic converter (30, 34, 36) which has reached its light-off temperature.
A light detector comprising: a substrate; and a membrane which is supported on a surface of the substrate so that a space is formed between the surface of the substrate and the membrane, wherein the membrane includes a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer which are opposite each other with a gap extending along a line interposed therebetween, a resistance layer which is electrically connected to each of the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer and has an electric resistance depending on a temperature, a light absorption layer which is opposite to the surface of the substrate, and a separation layer which is disposed between the first wiring layer and the light absorption layer, and the second wiring layer and the absorption layer, wherein the light absorption layer includes a first region which spreads to the side opposite to the second wiring layer with respect to the first wiring layer to avoid an overlap with the first wiring layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate and a second region which spreads to the side opposite to the first wiring layer with respect to the second wiring layer to avoid an overlap with the second wiring layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and wherein the width of each of the first region and the second region in a direction orthogonal to the line is greater than the width of the gap in a direction orthogonal to the line when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate. a substrate; and a membrane which is supported on a surface of the substrate so that a space is formed between the surface of the substrate and the membrane, wherein the membrane includes a first wiring layer and a second wiring layer which are opposite each other with a gap extending along a line interposed therebetween, a resistance layer which is electrically connected to each of the first wiring layer and the second wiring layer and has an electric resistance depending on a temperature, a light absorption layer which is opposite to the surface of the substrate, and a separation layer which is disposed between the first wiring layer and the light absorption layer, and the second wiring layer and the absorption layer, wherein the light absorption layer includes a first region which spreads to the side opposite to the second wiring layer with respect to the first wiring layer to avoid an overlap with the first wiring layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate and a second region which spreads to the side opposite to the first wiring layer with respect to the second wiring layer to avoid an overlap with the second wiring layer when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate, and wherein the width of each of the first region and the second region in a direction orthogonal to the line is greater than the width of the gap in a direction orthogonal to the line when viewed from the thickness direction of the substrate.
A UV light emitting diode comprising: a first conductivity type semiconductor layer; a first stress adjustment layer disposed on the first conductivity type semiconductor layer, and including a first nitride layer including Al and a second nitride layer disposed on the first nitride layer and having a lower Al composition ratio than the first nitride layer; an active layer disposed on the first stress adjustment layer; and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer disposed on the active layer, wherein the first stress adjustment layer includes an Al delta layer inserted in the first nitride layer, and a lower surface of the first nitride layer in which the Al delta layer is inserted has greater average tensile stress than a lower surface of the second nitride layer directly disposed on the first nitride layer in which the Al delta layer is inserted; and wherein the first stress adjustment layer has a multilayer structure in which the first nitride layer and the second nitride layer are repeatedly stacked one above another, and includes the Al delta layer inserted in at least one first nitride layer among the first nitride layers, and the Al delta layer has a higher Al composition ratio than the first nitride layer in which the Al delta layer is inserted; wherein the Al delta layers are inserted in some of the first nitride layers and a distance between the Al delta layers gradually decreases in a direction toward the active layer, or the Al delta layer has a gradually increasing Al composition ratio in a direction from the first conductivity type semiconductor layer to the active layer. a first conductivity type semiconductor layer; a first stress adjustment layer disposed on the first conductivity type semiconductor layer, and including a first nitride layer including Al and a second nitride layer disposed on the first nitride layer and having a lower Al composition ratio than the first nitride layer; an active layer disposed on the first stress adjustment layer; and a second conductivity type semiconductor layer disposed on the active layer, wherein the first stress adjustment layer includes an Al delta layer inserted in the first nitride layer, and a lower surface of the first nitride layer in which the Al delta layer is inserted has greater average tensile stress than a lower surface of the second nitride layer directly disposed on the first nitride layer in which the Al delta layer is inserted; and wherein the first stress adjustment layer has a multilayer structure in which the first nitride layer and the second nitride layer are repeatedly stacked one above another, and includes the Al delta layer inserted in at least one first nitride layer among the first nitride layers, and the Al delta layer has a higher Al composition ratio than the first nitride layer in which the Al delta layer is inserted; wherein the Al delta layers are inserted in some of the first nitride layers and a distance between the Al delta layers gradually decreases in a direction toward the active layer, or the Al delta layer has a gradually increasing Al composition ratio in a direction from the first conductivity type semiconductor layer to the active layer.
Thermoelectric heat exchanger for transferring heat flows from thermoelectric pellets to a first fluid flow and a second fluid flow with at least one first fluid path for conducting the first fluid flow and at least one second fluid path for conducting the second fluid flow and at least one thermoelectric stack, which is arranged or can be arranged between the first fluid path and the second fluid path in a sandwich-like manner, wherein - the thermoelectric stack has a multiplicity of first heat transporting elements and a multiplicity of second heat transporting elements, - at least one of the first heat transporting elements and at least one of the second heat transporting elements is arranged between at least two thermoelectric pellets in a sandwich-like manner, - p-doped and n-doped pellets (4, 5) are arranged alternately, - the first and second heat transporting elements (10, 12) are arranged alternating in relation to one another and - the thermoelectric stack can be supplied with current in such a way that a warm side of the thermoelectric stack forms at the first heat transporting elements and a cold side of the thermoelectric stack forms at the second heat transporting elements, the first fluid path is formed as a first tube, wherein at least one of the first heat transporting elements protrudes with a projection that is facing away from the thermoelectric stack through an aperture in the wall of the first tube into a first internal space receiving the first fluid and/or wherein the second fluid path is formed as a second tube, wherein one of the second heat transporting elements protrudes with a projection that is facing away from the thermoelectric stack through an aperture in the wall of the second tube into a second internal space receiving the second fluid, characterized in that at least one of the projections (10a, 12a) protruding through the wall of the first and/or second tube (20, 25) into the internal space is provided with an electrically nonconducting, thermally conducting coating (14, 16). - the thermoelectric stack has a multiplicity of first heat transporting elements and a multiplicity of second heat transporting elements, - at least one of the first heat transporting elements and at least one of the second heat transporting elements is arranged between at least two thermoelectric pellets in a sandwich-like manner, - p-doped and n-doped pellets (4, 5) are arranged alternately, - the first and second heat transporting elements (10, 12) are arranged alternating in relation to one another and - the thermoelectric stack can be supplied with current in such a way that a warm side of the thermoelectric stack forms at the first heat transporting elements and a cold side of the thermoelectric stack forms at the second heat transporting elements,
A method in a base station for wireless communications, comprising: receiving feedback information from a user equipment, UE, via a primary component carrier, PCC, uplink in a licensed spectrum for at least one transmission interval associated with a gated downlink transmission in an unlicensed spectrum, the feedback information addressing signals transmitted to the UE via a downlink in an unlicensed spectrum, wherein receiving feedback information comprises receiving long-term CSI for at least one transmission interval during which a base station gated OFF transmissions for the downlink in the unlicensed spectrum.
A wearable device including conductive elements which form at least part of an antenna, an RF-to-DC converter connected to said conductive elements for harvesting RF energy and induced static electricity variation at the input in the form of an AC voltage (V in), said RF-to-DC converter providing a DC voltage (V out) at the output, and a control unit connected to the output of said RF-to-DC converter to determine the induced voltage exposure of a device wearer's body, characterized in that said conductive elements are configured to be in electrical contact to the wearer's body.
A paste composition for an electrode of a solar cell comprising: a conductive powder; an organic vehicle; and a glass frit, wherein the glass frit includes a first glass frit having a first glass transition temperature and a second glass frit having a second glass frit temperature lower than the first glass transition temperature, wherein the second glass transition temperature is lower than the first glass transition temperature within a range of 10°C to 50°C. wherein any one of the first glass frit and the second glass frit is main frit, and the other one is auxiliary frit, wherein the auxiliary frit is included in an amount range of 5 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the glass frit, and the main frit is included in an amount range of 70 to 95 parts by weight. a conductive powder; an organic vehicle; and a glass frit, wherein the glass frit includes a first glass frit having a first glass transition temperature and a second glass frit having a second glass frit temperature lower than the first glass transition temperature, wherein the second glass transition temperature is lower than the first glass transition temperature within a range of 10°C to 50°C. wherein any one of the first glass frit and the second glass frit is main frit, and the other one is auxiliary frit, wherein the auxiliary frit is included in an amount range of 5 to 15 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the glass frit, and the main frit is included in an amount range of 70 to 95 parts by weight.
Tyre for an aeroplane comprising a tread, intended to come into contact with the ground via a rolling surface: - the tread comprising at least three circumferential ridges axially separated from one another by at least one circumferential groove, - at least one circumferential ridge having an initial height H0, measured on the tyre in the new state, and being intended to be worn to an allowable remaining height HR, - the at least one circumferential ridge comprising at least one wear indicator, - the wear indicator comprising N cylindrical cavities emerging on the rolling surface and independent of one another, characterized in that the N cavities of the wear indicator are divided up into a first family of N1 wear cavities C1 i having respective initial depths P1 i in pairs that are distinct and equal to i ∗ (H0-HR)/N1, i being an integer number varying from 1 to N1, and into a second family of N2 positioning cavities C2 j, j being an integer number varying from 1 to N2, each positioning cavity C2j having an initial depth P2 j strictly greater than (HO-HR), such that only the N2 positioning cavities C2 j emerge on the rolling surface when the allowable remaining height HR of the circumferential ridge is reached. - the tread comprising at least three circumferential ridges axially separated from one another by at least one circumferential groove, - at least one circumferential ridge having an initial height H0, measured on the tyre in the new state, and being intended to be worn to an allowable remaining height HR, - the at least one circumferential ridge comprising at least one wear indicator, - the wear indicator comprising N cylindrical cavities emerging on the rolling surface and independent of one another,
Ignition device for a gas engine, having an ignition device housing, a pre-chamber and a fuel supply means for supplying fuel for initial ignition into the pre-chamber, the fuel supply means being integrated into the ignition device housing, characterized in that the fuel supply means comprises a fuel channel and a preloaded valve at or near the pre-chamber-side end of the fuel channel, the valve comprising a valve body and a valve piston which is movable relative to the valve body, and the fuel passing through the valve through at least one throttle passage, and the valve body being joined to a support body which comprises at least one gas guide channel for supplying the fuel into an intermediate space between a center electrode and a ground electrode, the support body being welded to the valve body and being electrically conductive, the support body holding the center electrode and the ignition voltage being transmitted to the center electrode via the fuel supply means.
A phosphonium compound of formula: wherein Ar 1, Ar 2, and Ar 3 are each independently an aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 2, wherein at least one of Ar 1, Ar 2, and Ar 3 is substituted with one or more substituents selected from radionuclide-labeled C 1-6 alkyl, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxy, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxy, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxy; A 1 is a hydrogen atom, C 1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 1, C 2-10 alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 1, or an aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 2; each B 1 is independently a halogen atom, C 1-6 alkoxy, phenyl, or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl and naphthyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, and halogen atoms; each B 2 is independently a halogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkylthio, cyano, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, di(C 1-6 alkyl)amino, nitro, hydroxy, or (C 1-3 alkoxy)carbonyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms; Ar 1, Ar 2, Ar 3 and A 1, and the substituents contained therein, optionally form acid addition salts; X - is an anion with a total charge of -1. wherein Ar 1, Ar 2, and Ar 3 are each independently an aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 2, wherein at least one of Ar 1, Ar 2, and Ar 3 is substituted with one or more substituents selected from radionuclide-labeled C 1-6 alkyl, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxy, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxy, radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxyC 1-6 alkyl, and radionuclide-labeled C 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxyC 2-6 alkoxy; A 1 is a hydrogen atom, C 1-10 alkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 1, C 2-10 alkenyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 1, or an aryl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from B 2; each B 1 is independently a halogen atom, C 1-6 alkoxy, phenyl, or naphthyl, wherein the phenyl and naphthyl are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, and halogen atoms; each B 2 is independently a halogen atom, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-6 alkoxy, C 1-6 alkylthio, cyano, amino, C 1-6 alkylamino, di(C 1-6 alkyl)amino, nitro, hydroxy, or (C 1-3 alkoxy)carbonyl, wherein the alkyl, alkoxy and alkylthio are optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from halogen atoms; Ar 1, Ar 2, Ar 3 and A 1, and the substituents contained therein, optionally form acid addition salts; X - is an anion with a total charge of -1.
An electronic device, comprising: a main body; a display unit connected to the main body, on which information is displayed, the display unit being connected to the main body by means of a swivel hinge assembly for connecting the main body and the display unit and allowing the display unit to be horizontally and vertically rotated, a tilting stand comprising a support bar having a length corresponding to a lateral length of the rear end of the main body and at least one hinge connection bar extending from the support bar and hingedly connected to the back wall of the main body, defining at least one pivot point on a back wall of the main body, the tilting stand being configured to adjust a height level of a rear end of the main body, wherein the tilting stand pivots about the at least one pivot point between a pivoted position and a position in which the support bar rests on an upper surface of a back end of the main body adjacent a back wall of the display unit, and wherein, When the display unit is folded to face the main body and the support bar of the tilting stand is resting on the upper surface of the back end of the main body, the tilting stand prevents the display unit from being rotated. a main body; a display unit connected to the main body, on which information is displayed, the display unit being connected to the main body by means of a swivel hinge assembly for connecting the main body and the display unit and allowing the display unit to be horizontally and vertically rotated, a tilting stand comprising a support bar having a length corresponding to a lateral length of the rear end of the main body and at least one hinge connection bar extending from the support bar and hingedly connected to the back wall of the main body, defining at least one pivot point on a back wall of the main body, the tilting stand being configured to adjust a height level of a rear end of the main body, wherein the tilting stand pivots about the at least one pivot point between a pivoted position and a position in which the support bar rests on an upper surface of a back end of the main body adjacent a back wall of the display unit, and wherein, When the display unit is folded to face the main body and the support bar of the tilting stand is resting on the upper surface of the back end of the main body, the tilting stand prevents the display unit from being rotated.
A motor vehicle having a combustion engine driving a multi-speed transmission, an integrated starter-generator driveably connected to a crankshaft of the combustion engine and an electronic controller to control the operation of the combustion engine and the integrated starter-generator, the electronic controller being operable to control use of the combustion engine and the integrated starter-generator in a number of shuffle reduction modes including a first shuffle reduction mode, wherein when the first shuffle reduction mode is selected by the electronic controller, the electronic controller is operable to use only the integrated starter-generator to reduce driveline shuffle, characterised in that the electronic controller is arranged to select the shuffle selection mode to be used based at least partially on the rotational speed of the crankshaft of the combustion engine, and in that there is a second reduction shuffle mode and/or a third reduction shuffle mode, wherein when the second shuffle reduction mode is selected by the electronic controller, the electronic controller is operable to use the engine and the integrated starter-generator in combination to reduce driveline shuffle, the integrated starter-generator being used to reduce driveline shuffle by applying a negative braking torque to the crankshaft to reduce the rotational speed of the crankshaft and the engine being used to increase the rotational speed of the crankshaft, and wherein when the third shuffle reduction mode is selected by the electronic controller, the electronic controller is operable to use the engine as the primary means for increasing and reducing the rotational speed of the crankshaft to reduce driveline shuffle and use the integrated starter-generator to supplement the effect of the engine when the engine is operating to reduce the speed of the crankshaft by applying additional negative braking torque to the crankshaft.