A positioning and line clamping device capable of realizing buffering, comprising a connecting base comprising an inner cavity and an outer side wall, a fishing reel spool onto which a fishing line is wound or unwound, wherein the spool is fixedly mounted at an upper end of the connecting base, a force unloading adjusting knob, wherein an upper end of the spool is sleeved with the force unloading adjusting knob, a sliding groove, which penetrates through an upper end of the outer side wall of the connecting base, and a buffering and positioning assembly matched with the sliding groove, the buffering and positioning assembly being mounted at a top end of the inner cavity of the connecting base, the device further comprising a groove and an arc shaped chamfer, wherein the groove is formed in the outer side wall of the connecting base and is located at an outer end of the sliding groove, the arc-shaped chamfer is formed in an edge of the groove; wherein the buffering and positioning assembly comprises a connecting shell comprising an outer side wall and an inner cavity, a fastening shell comprising an inner cavity, a spring; a fixed screw comprising an outer side wall; a batten; and a stopping block; wherein the outer side wall of the connecting shell is sleeved with a limiting groove formed in an upper surface of the inner cavity of the connecting base, a lower end of the connecting shell is sleeved with the fastening shell, the inner cavity of the connecting shell and the inner cavity of the fastening shell are sleeved with the spring, a through hole penetrates through a middle part of the connecting shell and a middle part of the fastening shell, an inner side wall of the through hole is sleeved with the fixed screw in threaded connection with a top surface of the limiting groove, the outer side wall of the fixed screw is sleeved with the batten, the batten is located at a lower end of the fastening shell and sleeved with the sliding groove, and the stopping block is fixedly mounted at an outer end of the batten and is sleeved with the groove. a connecting base comprising an inner cavity and an outer side wall, a fishing reel spool onto which a fishing line is wound or unwound, wherein the spool is fixedly mounted at an upper end of the connecting base, a force unloading adjusting knob, wherein an upper end of the spool is sleeved with the force unloading adjusting knob, a sliding groove, which penetrates through an upper end of the outer side wall of the connecting base, and a buffering and positioning assembly matched with the sliding groove, the buffering and positioning assembly being mounted at a top end of the inner cavity of the connecting base, the device further comprising a groove and an arc shaped chamfer, wherein the groove is formed in the outer side wall of the connecting base and is located at an outer end of the sliding groove, the arc-shaped chamfer is formed in an edge of the groove; wherein the buffering and positioning assembly comprises a connecting shell comprising an outer side wall and an inner cavity, a fastening shell comprising an inner cavity, a spring; a fixed screw comprising an outer side wall; a batten; and a stopping block; wherein the outer side wall of the connecting shell is sleeved with a limiting groove formed in an upper surface of the inner cavity of the connecting base, a lower end of the connecting shell is sleeved with the fastening shell, the inner cavity of the connecting shell and the inner cavity of the fastening shell are sleeved with the spring, a through hole penetrates through a middle part of the connecting shell and a middle part of the fastening shell, an inner side wall of the through hole is sleeved with the fixed screw in threaded connection with a top surface of the limiting groove, the outer side wall of the fixed screw is sleeved with the batten, the batten is located at a lower end of the fastening shell and sleeved with the sliding groove, and the stopping block is fixedly mounted at an outer end of the batten and is sleeved with the groove.