A compound of formula, wherein: A 4 is Gly; A 5 is Thr; A 6 is Phe; A 7 is Ile or A6c; A 8 is Ser; A 9 is Asp; A 10 is Tyr; A 11 is A5c or A6c; A 12 is Ile; A 13 is Ala or Aib; A 14 is Met, A5c, A6c, or Nle; A 15 is Asp; A 16 is Lys; A 17 is Ile; A 18 is His; A 19 is Gln; A 20 is Gin; A 21 is Asp; A 22 is Phe; A 23 is Val; A 24 is Asn; A 25 is Trp; A 26 is Leu; A 27 is Leu; A 28 is Ala; A 29 is Gin; A 30 is Lys; A 31 is Gly, His, Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 12 -CH 3), or deleted; A 32 is Lys, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 11 -CH 3), Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 15 -CH 3), Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 10 -CH 3), or Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH 3), or deleted; A 33 is Lys, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 11 -CH 3), Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 15 -CH 3), Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 10 -CH 3), or Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH 3), or deleted; A 34 is Asn, or deleted; A 35 is Asp, Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 12 -CH 3), or deleted; A 36 is Trp, or deleted; A 37 is Lys, or deleted; A 38 is His, or deleted; A 39 is Asn, or deleted; A 40 is Ile, A5c, A6c, or deleted; A 41 is Thr, A5c, A6c, or deleted; A 42 is Gln, Cys(Psu), or deleted; A 43 is Ado, Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 11 -(CH 3), Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 15 -CH 3), His, Lys(N-C -(CH 2) 10 -CH 3), Lys(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH3), Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH 3), Phe, Thr, Trp, or deleted; R 1 is OH, NH 2, (C 1 -C 30)alkoxy, or NH-X 2 -CH 2 -Z 0, wherein X 2 is a (C 0 -C 3 o)hydrocarbon moiety, and Z 0 is H, OH, CO 2 H, or CONH 2; each of R 2 and R 3 is H; provided that at least one of A 7, A 11, A 13, A 14, A 31, A 35, A 40, A 41 and A 42 is not the amino acid residue of the corresponding position of native GIP; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. A 4 is Gly; A 5 is Thr; A 6 is Phe; A 7 is Ile or A6c; A 8 is Ser; A 9 is Asp; A 10 is Tyr; A 11 is A5c or A6c; A 12 is Ile; A 13 is Ala or Aib; A 14 is Met, A5c, A6c, or Nle; A 15 is Asp; A 16 is Lys; A 17 is Ile; A 18 is His; A 19 is Gln; A 20 is Gin; A 21 is Asp; A 22 is Phe; A 23 is Val; A 24 is Asn; A 25 is Trp; A 26 is Leu; A 27 is Leu; A 28 is Ala; A 29 is Gin; A 30 is Lys; A 31 is Gly, His, Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 12 -CH 3), or deleted; A 32 is Lys, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 11 -CH 3), Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 15 -CH 3), Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 10 -CH 3), or Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH 3), or deleted; A 33 is Lys, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 11 -CH 3), Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 15 -CH 3), Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 10 -CH 3), or Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH 3), or deleted; A 34 is Asn, or deleted; A 35 is Asp, Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 12 -CH 3), or deleted; A 36 is Trp, or deleted; A 37 is Lys, or deleted; A 38 is His, or deleted; A 39 is Asn, or deleted; A 40 is Ile, A5c, A6c, or deleted; A 41 is Thr, A5c, A6c, or deleted; A 42 is Gln, Cys(Psu), or deleted; A 43 is Ado, Ala, Asn, Asp, Cys, Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 11 -(CH 3), Cys(succinimide-N-(CH 2) 15 -CH 3), His, Lys(N-C -(CH 2) 10 -CH 3), Lys(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH3), Orn(N-C -(CH 2) 14 -CH 3), Phe, Thr, Trp, or deleted; R 1 is OH, NH 2, (C 1 -C 30)alkoxy, or NH-X 2 -CH 2 -Z 0, wherein X 2 is a (C 0 -C 3 o)hydrocarbon moiety, and Z 0 is H, OH, CO 2 H, or CONH 2; each of R 2 and R 3 is H; provided that at least one of A 7, A 11, A 13, A 14, A 31, A 35, A 40, A 41 and A 42 is not the amino acid residue of the corresponding position of native GIP; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.