A field-portable air trapping system, comprising: a capillary stage, the capillary stage comprising an open tubular capillary column and an inlet end for receiving a gas sample including particulates and one or more particulate-bound compounds, wherein: the open tubular capillary column is configured to be removed and replaced following a plurality of sample collection and thermal desorption cycles, one or more particulates are adhered to the open tubular capillary column and removing the open tubular capillary column removes the one or more particulates, an interior surface of the open tubular capillary column is coated by a sorbent and wherein the trapping system is configured to introduce the sample directly through the capillary column; a packed stage, the packed stage comprising a packed sorbent, the packed stage fluidly coupled to the capillary stage; a body, the body comprising: an interior cavity containing the packed sorbent; and a desorption port fluidly coupled to the interior cavity; and a valve attached to the body of the trapping system, wherein the valve is configured to fluidly couple an opening of the body to a vacuum source, the vacuum source comprising a vacuum reservoir or a vacuum pump, when the vacuum source is attached to the valve, the opening of the body fluidly coupled to the interior cavity of the body, the opening of the body being different from the desorption port of the body, wherein: the capillary stage is configured to retain the particulates and the one or more particulate-bound compounds of the gas sample collected by the trapping system without transferring the particulates and the one or more particulate-bound compounds to the packed stage, and the vacuum source is configured to cause a vacuum that draws one or more compounds from the sample from outside the trapping system directly to the capillary stage and through the capillary stage into the packed stage. a capillary stage, the capillary stage comprising an open tubular capillary column and an inlet end for receiving a gas sample including particulates and one or more particulate-bound compounds, wherein: the open tubular capillary column is configured to be removed and replaced following a plurality of sample collection and thermal desorption cycles, one or more particulates are adhered to the open tubular capillary column and removing the open tubular capillary column removes the one or more particulates, an interior surface of the open tubular capillary column is coated by a sorbent and wherein the trapping system is configured to introduce the sample directly through the capillary column; the open tubular capillary column is configured to be removed and replaced following a plurality of sample collection and thermal desorption cycles, one or more particulates are adhered to the open tubular capillary column and removing the open tubular capillary column removes the one or more particulates, an interior surface of the open tubular capillary column is coated by a sorbent and wherein the trapping system is configured to introduce the sample directly through the capillary column; a packed stage, the packed stage comprising a packed sorbent, the packed stage fluidly coupled to the capillary stage; a body, the body comprising: an interior cavity containing the packed sorbent; and a desorption port fluidly coupled to the interior cavity; and an interior cavity containing the packed sorbent; and a desorption port fluidly coupled to the interior cavity; and a valve attached to the body of the trapping system, wherein the valve is configured to fluidly couple an opening of the body to a vacuum source, the vacuum source comprising a vacuum reservoir or a vacuum pump, when the vacuum source is attached to the valve, the opening of the body fluidly coupled to the interior cavity of the body, the opening of the body being different from the desorption port of the body, wherein: the capillary stage is configured to retain the particulates and the one or more particulate-bound compounds of the gas sample collected by the trapping system without transferring the particulates and the one or more particulate-bound compounds to the packed stage, and the vacuum source is configured to cause a vacuum that draws one or more compounds from the sample from outside the trapping system directly to the capillary stage and through the capillary stage into the packed stage. the capillary stage is configured to retain the particulates and the one or more particulate-bound compounds of the gas sample collected by the trapping system without transferring the particulates and the one or more particulate-bound compounds to the packed stage, and the vacuum source is configured to cause a vacuum that draws one or more compounds from the sample from outside the trapping system directly to the capillary stage and through the capillary stage into the packed stage.