An image processing apparatus comprising: a color and polarization obtaining section including a single-chip color image capture device that has a color mosaic filter having a Bayer color mosaic pixel arrangement and a patterned polarizer in which a number of polarizer units, having polarization transmission planes defining mutually different angles, are provided for multiple pixels of different colors in the color mosaic filter; wherein the different colors are green and red. a polarization information processing section configured to generate an approximate-degree-of-polarization image and a polarization phase image, based on a sinusoidal functional relation between either interpolated intensities of light rays that have been transmitted through the polarizer units for the multiple pixels of the different colors, or the intensities of light rays that have been transmitted through the polarizer units for the multiple pixels of a single particular color, and the angles of the polarization transmission planes of the polarizer units; and a color mosaic interpolation section configured to generate a color intensity image by performing color intensity interpolation and getting a color intensity that cannot be obtained at a pixel of interest, wherein four types of polarizer units, having polarization transmission planes defining mutually different angles, are arranged adjacent to each other for the green pixels that are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, while at least two types of polarizer units, having polarization transmission planes defining mutually different angles, are arranged for the pixels in the red color, wherein no polarizer units are present for pixels of blue that are included in the Bayer color mosaic pixel arrangement, wherein the polarizer units that are located at neighboring four-connected positions surrounding each of the pixels of the blue are comprised of four polarizer units, the polarization transmission planes of the four polarizer units defining angles that are different from each other. a color and polarization obtaining section including a single-chip color image capture device that has a color mosaic filter having a Bayer color mosaic pixel arrangement and a patterned polarizer in which a number of polarizer units, having polarization transmission planes defining mutually different angles, are provided for multiple pixels of different colors in the color mosaic filter; wherein the different colors are green and red. a polarization information processing section configured to generate an approximate-degree-of-polarization image and a polarization phase image, based on a sinusoidal functional relation between either interpolated intensities of light rays that have been transmitted through the polarizer units for the multiple pixels of the different colors, or the intensities of light rays that have been transmitted through the polarizer units for the multiple pixels of a single particular color, and the angles of the polarization transmission planes of the polarizer units; and a color mosaic interpolation section configured to generate a color intensity image by performing color intensity interpolation and getting a color intensity that cannot be obtained at a pixel of interest, wherein four types of polarizer units, having polarization transmission planes defining mutually different angles, are arranged adjacent to each other for the green pixels that are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, while at least two types of polarizer units, having polarization transmission planes defining mutually different angles, are arranged for the pixels in the red color, wherein no polarizer units are present for pixels of blue that are included in the Bayer color mosaic pixel arrangement, wherein the polarizer units that are located at neighboring four-connected positions surrounding each of the pixels of the blue are comprised of four polarizer units, the polarization transmission planes of the four polarizer units defining angles that are different from each other.