A power headroom reporting method, comprising: calculating, by a terminal (120, 210, 310), a power headroom, PH, in a subframe of a serving cell, wherein the terminal (120, 210, 310) performs transmission in the subframe of the serving cell through K beams or beam groups, and K is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; and the calculating, by a terminal (120, 210, 310), a power headroom comprises: calculating the PH based on a plurality of parameters of a beam-level power control parameter of the K beams or beam groups to obtain one PH value, wherein the plurality of parameters are some or all of: a nominal power P 0, a path loss adjustment factor α, a path loss PL c, a power offset value Δ TF,c (i), a power adjustment value f c ( i), and transmission bandwidth M c (i), wherein the calculating the PH is based on average values or sums of each of the plurality of parameters or based on a comprehensive average value of the plurality of parameters or a sum of beam-level power portions of the plurality of parameters; or separately calculating PHs for K1 beams or beam groups to obtain K1 PH values, wherein K1 is less than or equal to K; and reporting, by the terminal (120, 210, 310), a power headroom report, PHR, wherein the PHR comprises: information about the PH value obtained through calculation based on the plurality of parameters of the beam-level power control parameter of the K beams or beam groups; or information about a reference PH value and information about an offset value, wherein the reference PH value is one of the K1 PH values, and the offset value is an offset value of another PH value in the K1 PH values relative to the reference PH value; or the reference PH value is a baseline PH value, and the offset value is offset values of the K1 PH values relative to the baseline PH value; or information about an average value of the K1 PH values. calculating the PH based on a plurality of parameters of a beam-level power control parameter of the K beams or beam groups to obtain one PH value, wherein the plurality of parameters are some or all of: a nominal power P 0, a path loss adjustment factor α, a path loss PL c, a power offset value Δ TF,c (i), a power adjustment value f c ( i), and transmission bandwidth M c (i), wherein the calculating the PH is based on average values or sums of each of the plurality of parameters or based on a comprehensive average value of the plurality of parameters or a sum of beam-level power portions of the plurality of parameters; or separately calculating PHs for K1 beams or beam groups to obtain K1 PH values, wherein K1 is less than or equal to K; and reporting, by the terminal (120, 210, 310), a power headroom report, PHR, wherein the PHR comprises: information about the PH value obtained through calculation based on the plurality of parameters of the beam-level power control parameter of the K beams or beam groups; or information about a reference PH value and information about an offset value, wherein the reference PH value is one of the K1 PH values, and the offset value is an offset value of another PH value in the K1 PH values relative to the reference PH value; or the reference PH value is a baseline PH value, and the offset value is offset values of the K1 PH values relative to the baseline PH value; or information about an average value of the K1 PH values. information about the PH value obtained through calculation based on the plurality of parameters of the beam-level power control parameter of the K beams or beam groups; or information about a reference PH value and information about an offset value, wherein the reference PH value is one of the K1 PH values, and the offset value is an offset value of another PH value in the K1 PH values relative to the reference PH value; or the reference PH value is a baseline PH value, and the offset value is offset values of the K1 PH values relative to the baseline PH value; or information about an average value of the K1 PH values.