A method of decoding video, the method comprising: extracting, from a bitstream, encoded image data of a current picture assigned to a maximum coding unit of the current picture; extracting, from the bitstream, information about a coded depth for the maximum coding unit wherein the information about the coded depth comprises split information of a current coding unit, the maximum coding unit is hierarchically split into coding units of at least one depth according to the split information which is a flag indicating whether the current coding unit of a current depth, among the coding units, is split into coding units of a lower depth; when the split information of the current coding unit indicates the current coding unit of the current depth is no longer split as the current coding unit of the coded depth, extracting, from the bitstream, information about a prediction mode of the current coding unit indicating an intra mode or an inter mode, information about a partition type indicating a size of a prediction unit included in the current coding unit and information about a size of a transformation unit of the current coding unit, determining at least one prediction unit obtained from the current coding unit by using the information about a partition type and determining at least one transformation unit obtained from the current coding unit by using the information about a size of a transformation unit; performing intra prediction or inter prediction on the current coding unit based on the at least one prediction unit by using the information about a prediction mode; extracting, from the bitstream, coding unit pattern information indicating whether texture information of the current coding unit has been encoded; according to whether the coding unit pattern information indicates that the texture information of the current coding unit has been encoded, extracting, from the bitstream, transformation unit pattern information indicating whether texture information of a transformation unit of the at least one transformation unit has been encoded; according to whether the transformation unit pattern information indicates that the texture information of the transformation unit has been encoded, performing an inverse transformation on the transformation unit; and decoding the encoded image data for the maximum coding unit based on the prediction unit and the transformation unit included in the current coding unit, wherein the maximum coding unit has a square shape with a width and height in powers of 2. extracting, from a bitstream, encoded image data of a current picture assigned to a maximum coding unit of the current picture; extracting, from the bitstream, information about a coded depth for the maximum coding unit wherein the information about the coded depth comprises split information of a current coding unit, the maximum coding unit is hierarchically split into coding units of at least one depth according to the split information which is a flag indicating whether the current coding unit of a current depth, among the coding units, is split into coding units of a lower depth; when the split information of the current coding unit indicates the current coding unit of the current depth is no longer split as the current coding unit of the coded depth, extracting, from the bitstream, information about a prediction mode of the current coding unit indicating an intra mode or an inter mode, information about a partition type indicating a size of a prediction unit included in the current coding unit and information about a size of a transformation unit of the current coding unit, determining at least one prediction unit obtained from the current coding unit by using the information about a partition type and determining at least one transformation unit obtained from the current coding unit by using the information about a size of a transformation unit; performing intra prediction or inter prediction on the current coding unit based on the at least one prediction unit by using the information about a prediction mode; extracting, from the bitstream, coding unit pattern information indicating whether texture information of the current coding unit has been encoded; according to whether the coding unit pattern information indicates that the texture information of the current coding unit has been encoded, extracting, from the bitstream, transformation unit pattern information indicating whether texture information of a transformation unit of the at least one transformation unit has been encoded; according to whether the transformation unit pattern information indicates that the texture information of the transformation unit has been encoded, performing an inverse transformation on the transformation unit; and decoding the encoded image data for the maximum coding unit based on the prediction unit and the transformation unit included in the current coding unit, wherein the maximum coding unit has a square shape with a width and height in powers of 2.