A method for detecting a target nucleic acid based on rolling circle amplification, comprising (a) preparing a single-stranded nucleic acid from a sample, (b) binding a linear template comprising i) target nucleic acid binding regions arranged at both ends to complementarily bind to a target nucleic acid sequence, ii) a primer binding region, iii) a restriction enzyme binding region, wherein the restriction enzyme binding region of the template is present in plurality, and iv) a barcode generation region to the single-stranded nucleic acid, followed by ligation to form a circular template-target nucleic acid complex, (c) performing rolling circle amplification in the presence of a primer binding to the primer binding region and a cleavable nucleic acid having the same sequence as that of the restriction enzyme binding region to produce a single-stranded amplicon and treating the single-stranded amplicon with a restriction enzyme such that regions where the single-stranded amplicon complementarily binds to the cleavable nucleic acid are cut to obtain first amplicons comprising barcodes having a sequence complementary to the barcode generation region and second amplicons comprising the target nucleic acid sequence, and (d) detecting the barcodes of the first amplicons to determine whether or not the target nucleic acid sequence is present, wherein the circular template-target nucleic acid complex is formed and the barcodes are generated when the target nucleic acid sequence is present in the single-stranded nucleic acid, wherein the barcodes have a predefined sequence depending on the target nucleic acid and do not complementarily bind to the target nucleic acid, wherein the barcodes are detected using a surface measurement sensor comprising a probe complementary to the barcodes, and wherein the surface measurement sensor operates based on a method selected from the group consisting of fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, quartz crystal microbalance, and cantilevers. (a) preparing a single-stranded nucleic acid from a sample, (b) binding a linear template comprising i) target nucleic acid binding regions arranged at both ends to complementarily bind to a target nucleic acid sequence, ii) a primer binding region, iii) a restriction enzyme binding region, wherein the restriction enzyme binding region of the template is present in plurality, and iv) a barcode generation region to the single-stranded nucleic acid, followed by ligation to form a circular template-target nucleic acid complex, i) target nucleic acid binding regions arranged at both ends to complementarily bind to a target nucleic acid sequence, ii) a primer binding region, iii) a restriction enzyme binding region, wherein the restriction enzyme binding region of the template is present in plurality, and iv) a barcode generation region to the single-stranded nucleic acid, followed by ligation to form a circular template-target nucleic acid complex, (c) performing rolling circle amplification in the presence of a primer binding to the primer binding region and a cleavable nucleic acid having the same sequence as that of the restriction enzyme binding region to produce a single-stranded amplicon and treating the single-stranded amplicon with a restriction enzyme such that regions where the single-stranded amplicon complementarily binds to the cleavable nucleic acid are cut to obtain first amplicons comprising barcodes having a sequence complementary to the barcode generation region and second amplicons comprising the target nucleic acid sequence, and (d) detecting the barcodes of the first amplicons to determine whether or not the target nucleic acid sequence is present, wherein the circular template-target nucleic acid complex is formed and the barcodes are generated when the target nucleic acid sequence is present in the single-stranded nucleic acid, wherein the barcodes have a predefined sequence depending on the target nucleic acid and do not complementarily bind to the target nucleic acid, wherein the barcodes are detected using a surface measurement sensor comprising a probe complementary to the barcodes, and wherein the surface measurement sensor operates based on a method selected from the group consisting of fluorescence, surface plasmon resonance, quartz crystal microbalance, and cantilevers.