An airborne microbial measurement apparatus comprising: a particle separation device comprising a main body having a flow space in which airborne microorganism flows and a collection unit separably coupled to the main body to collect the airborne microorganism; a flow generation unit disposed at one side of the flow space to generate a flow of the air; a reagent container including a container body having an opened upper portion, the container body being configured to store a lysis reagent reacting with the airborne microorganism collected in the collection unit and a luminous material; and a luminescence measurement device for measuring intensity of light emitted after the airborne microorganism reacts with the lysis reagent and the luminous material, characterized in that: the collection unit includes: a collection body having an inflow hole into which air containing the airborne microorganism is introduced; an electric charge part disposed on one side of the inflow hole to electrically charge the airborne microorganism introduced into the inflow hole; and a collection rod disposed between the electric charge part and the flow generation unit to collect the airborne microorganism electrically charged by the electric charge part, and the lysis reagent is disposed at an upper side of the luminous material in the container body, and when the collection rod is put into the container body through the opened upper portion, the airborne microorganism of the collection rod firstly reacts with the lysis reagent to lyse the cells and to allow ATP to be extracted, and the extracted ATP reacts with the luminous material to emit the light. a particle separation device comprising a main body having a flow space in which airborne microorganism flows and a collection unit separably coupled to the main body to collect the airborne microorganism; a flow generation unit disposed at one side of the flow space to generate a flow of the air; a reagent container including a container body having an opened upper portion, the container body being configured to store a lysis reagent reacting with the airborne microorganism collected in the collection unit and a luminous material; and a luminescence measurement device for measuring intensity of light emitted after the airborne microorganism reacts with the lysis reagent and the luminous material, characterized in that: the collection unit includes: a collection body having an inflow hole into which air containing the airborne microorganism is introduced; an electric charge part disposed on one side of the inflow hole to electrically charge the airborne microorganism introduced into the inflow hole; and a collection rod disposed between the electric charge part and the flow generation unit to collect the airborne microorganism electrically charged by the electric charge part, and the lysis reagent is disposed at an upper side of the luminous material in the container body, and when the collection rod is put into the container body through the opened upper portion, the airborne microorganism of the collection rod firstly reacts with the lysis reagent to lyse the cells and to allow ATP to be extracted, and the extracted ATP reacts with the luminous material to emit the light. the collection unit includes: a collection body having an inflow hole into which air containing the airborne microorganism is introduced; an electric charge part disposed on one side of the inflow hole to electrically charge the airborne microorganism introduced into the inflow hole; and a collection rod disposed between the electric charge part and the flow generation unit to collect the airborne microorganism electrically charged by the electric charge part, and the lysis reagent is disposed at an upper side of the luminous material in the container body, and when the collection rod is put into the container body through the opened upper portion, the airborne microorganism of the collection rod firstly reacts with the lysis reagent to lyse the cells and to allow ATP to be extracted, and the extracted ATP reacts with the luminous material to emit the light.