An in vitro method for predicting, prior to treatment, whether a subject infected with one or more HCVs has a high probability of being a responder to an anti-HCV treatment which will comprise the administration of interferon and the administration of ribavirin or a prodrug of ribavirin or whether, in contrast, that subject has a high probability of not responding to that anti-HCV treatment, said method comprising the following steps: i) making the following measurements: - in a sample which has already been obtained from said subject, measuring the levels to which selected mammalian genes have been transcribed or translated, said selected mammalian genes the levels of transcription or translation of which have been measured being a combination of the following genes: (a) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 2, 3, 4 or 5, or (b) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, and - at least one gene from among AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2 and VEGFD, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 3, 4 or 5, and - measuring the levels of transcription or translation from 0 to 4 mammalian genes other than the mammalian genes selected from MBL2, LGALS3BP, IL8, G1P2, CXCL10, CCL21, AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2, VEGFD, and ii) comparing the values for the measurements obtained for said subject in step i) with their values, or the distribution of their values, in reference cohorts which have been pre-established as a function of their status of responder or non-responder to anti-HCV treatment, in order to classify said subject into that of those reference cohorts to which it has the highest probability of belonging, and wherein the sample obtained from said subject has been collected or removed from: liver, hepatic parenchyma, blood, serum, plasma or urine. i) making the following measurements: - in a sample which has already been obtained from said subject, measuring the levels to which selected mammalian genes have been transcribed or translated, said selected mammalian genes the levels of transcription or translation of which have been measured being a combination of the following genes: (a) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 2, 3, 4 or 5, or (b) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, and - at least one gene from among AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2 and VEGFD, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 3, 4 or 5, and - measuring the levels of transcription or translation from 0 to 4 mammalian genes other than the mammalian genes selected from MBL2, LGALS3BP, IL8, G1P2, CXCL10, CCL21, AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2, VEGFD, and - in a sample which has already been obtained from said subject, measuring the levels to which selected mammalian genes have been transcribed or translated, said selected mammalian genes the levels of transcription or translation of which have been measured being a combination of the following genes: (a) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 2, 3, 4 or 5, or (b) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, and - at least one gene from among AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2 and VEGFD, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 3, 4 or 5, and (a) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 2, 3, 4 or 5, or - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 2, 3, 4 or 5, or (b) - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, and - at least one gene from among AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2 and VEGFD, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 3, 4 or 5, and - at least one gene from among MBL2, LGALS3BP and IL8, and - at least one gene from among G1P2, CCL21 and CXCL10, and - at least one gene from among AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2 and VEGFD, the total number of the genes selected thereby being 3, 4 or 5, and - measuring the levels of transcription or translation from 0 to 4 mammalian genes other than the mammalian genes selected from MBL2, LGALS3BP, IL8, G1P2, CXCL10, CCL21, AFP, CRP, CXCL11, CXCL6, CXCL9, FGF7, MDK, MMP2, SFN, TGFB2, VEGFD, and ii) comparing the values for the measurements obtained for said subject in step i) with their values, or the distribution of their values, in reference cohorts which have been pre-established as a function of their status of responder or non-responder to anti-HCV treatment, in order to classify said subject into that of those reference cohorts to which it has the highest probability of belonging, and wherein the sample obtained from said subject has been collected or removed from: liver, hepatic parenchyma, blood, serum, plasma or urine.