A thermal insulation system intended to cover a wall of a building, containing composite interlocking panels and defining four edges, so as to define rows (R1; R2) with one determined row in which each of the composite panels has a side periphery and comprises a three-layer assembly, the three-layer assembly defining the side periphery and including: - an insulating element preserving a gap, in the form of a plate with four sides or sections (31, 32, 33, 34) including two parallel opposite sides, the element comprising a preferably rigid, compression-resistant porous material, and a vacuum-sealed, gas-tight outer barrier shell which encloses the porous material; - a rigid fixing plate intended to be placed between the wall and an insulating layer formed by the insulating elements, the fixing plate extending fully outside the insulating layer; - a cover plate which is parallel to the fixing plate, extending fully outside the insulating layer; and - interlocking means formed on at least a portion of the side periphery of the composite panel; the cover plates of the system composing a single-layer assembly adapted to cover the insulating plate and define a common outer surface facing away from the wall, characterized in that in the determined row or in an adjacent row, the system being equipped with a specific cover plate, which covers a thermally insulating material having a conductivity lower or equal to 50 mW m -1 K -1 and comprising: - a recess or a cut for an electrical, telephone, optical or fluid connection, for operating a functional member which is at least partly integrated in the specific cover plate or in an adjacent cover plate; and - a joining edge in contact with a composite panel from the determined row, and in that the cover plate is divided into two complementary parts, comprising: - a fixed member against a surface of the insulating element; and - a plate element which is removable from the insulating element. - an insulating element preserving a gap, in the form of a plate with four sides or sections (31, 32, 33, 34) including two parallel opposite sides, the element comprising a preferably rigid, compression-resistant porous material, and a vacuum-sealed, gas-tight outer barrier shell which encloses the porous material; - a rigid fixing plate intended to be placed between the wall and an insulating layer formed by the insulating elements, the fixing plate extending fully outside the insulating layer; - a cover plate which is parallel to the fixing plate, extending fully outside the insulating layer; and - interlocking means formed on at least a portion of the side periphery of the composite panel; the cover plates of the system composing a single-layer assembly adapted to cover the insulating plate and define a common outer surface facing away from the wall, characterized in that in the determined row or in an adjacent row, the system being equipped with a specific cover plate, which covers a thermally insulating material having a conductivity lower or equal to 50 mW m -1 K -1 and comprising: - a recess or a cut for an electrical, telephone, optical or fluid connection, for operating a functional member which is at least partly integrated in the specific cover plate or in an adjacent cover plate; and - a joining edge in contact with a composite panel from the determined row, and in that the cover plate is divided into two complementary parts, comprising: - a fixed member against a surface of the insulating element; and - a plate element which is removable from the insulating element. - a recess or a cut for an electrical, telephone, optical or fluid connection, for operating a functional member which is at least partly integrated in the specific cover plate or in an adjacent cover plate; and - a joining edge in contact with a composite panel from the determined row, and in that the cover plate is divided into two complementary parts, comprising: - a fixed member against a surface of the insulating element; and - a plate element which is removable from the insulating element. - a fixed member against a surface of the insulating element; and - a plate element which is removable from the insulating element.