A video frame decoding method, comprising: acquiring a target time point of a video; obtaining a frame number of a corresponding random access frame, RAP_P, according to the target time point; obtaining, according to a prestored dependency set and the frame number of the random access frame, RAP_P, a frame number of a frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded, wherein the dependency set comprises at least one dependency, the dependency represents a correspondence between a frame number of a random access frame, RAP_P, and a frame number of a frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded, and the frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded is a frame on which decoding of the random access frame needs to depend; and obtaining, according to the frame number of the frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded, video data of the frame that can be independently decoded, and decoding the random access frame, RAP_P, according to the video data of the frame that can be independently decoded, characterized in that the prestored dependency set is provided in a samd box (SampleDependencyBox) added into an stb1 box (SampleTableBox), wherein the stb1 box is provided in accordance with the ISO/IEC 14496-12 standard, - wherein each of the dependencies is described by using one structure body dependencyEntryBox, comprising the elements SampleSizel, SampleSize2, sample_num_1, sample_num_2; - wherein SampleSize1 represents a number of RAP_I frames in each dependency, SampleSize2 represents a number of RAP_P frames in each dependency, sample_num_1 represents a frame number of a RAP_I frame in each dependency, and sample_num_2 represents a frame number of a RAP_P fame in each dependency. acquiring a target time point of a video; obtaining a frame number of a corresponding random access frame, RAP_P, according to the target time point; obtaining, according to a prestored dependency set and the frame number of the random access frame, RAP_P, a frame number of a frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded, wherein the dependency set comprises at least one dependency, the dependency represents a correspondence between a frame number of a random access frame, RAP_P, and a frame number of a frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded, and the frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded is a frame on which decoding of the random access frame needs to depend; and obtaining, according to the frame number of the frame, RAP_I, that can be independently decoded, video data of the frame that can be independently decoded, and decoding the random access frame, RAP_P, according to the video data of the frame that can be independently decoded, characterized in that the prestored dependency set is provided in a samd box (SampleDependencyBox) added into an stb1 box (SampleTableBox), wherein the stb1 box is provided in accordance with the ISO/IEC 14496-12 standard, - wherein each of the dependencies is described by using one structure body dependencyEntryBox, comprising the elements SampleSizel, SampleSize2, sample_num_1, sample_num_2; - wherein SampleSize1 represents a number of RAP_I frames in each dependency, SampleSize2 represents a number of RAP_P frames in each dependency, sample_num_1 represents a frame number of a RAP_I frame in each dependency, and sample_num_2 represents a frame number of a RAP_P fame in each dependency. - wherein each of the dependencies is described by using one structure body dependencyEntryBox, comprising the elements SampleSizel, SampleSize2, sample_num_1, sample_num_2; - wherein SampleSize1 represents a number of RAP_I frames in each dependency, SampleSize2 represents a number of RAP_P frames in each dependency, sample_num_1 represents a frame number of a RAP_I frame in each dependency, and sample_num_2 represents a frame number of a RAP_P fame in each dependency.