A blockchain-based data verification method, comprising: obtaining a data identifier of target data published by a data provider in a blockchain, wherein the data identifier indicates a storage location of the target data in the blockchain; determining whether the target data has been stored in the blockchain based on the data identifier; in response to determining that no target data corresponding to the data identifier is stored in the blockchain, indicating that the data identifier published by the data provider is a false data identifier; in response to determining that the target data has been stored in the blockchain, obtaining the target data from the storage location indicated by the data identifier, wherein the target data stored in the blockchain comprises verification information used to verify authenticity of the target data and auxiliary information related to authenticity verification, wherein the verification information is a first hash value obtained by performing a hash calculation based on original content of the target data and the auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information comprises an identifier of a data uploader, an upload timestamp of the target data, and an upload location of the target data, wherein the upload location includes an address description; executing an installed verification program to verify authenticity of the obtained target data based on the verification information; performing a hash calculation on the original content of the target data and the auxiliary information to obtain a second hash value; determining whether the second hash value is the same as the first hash value carried in the target data stored in the blockchain; if yes, determining that the obtained target data passed the authenticity verification, or if not, determining that the obtained target data has failed to pass the authenticity verification; and outputting a verification result to a data verifier. obtaining a data identifier of target data published by a data provider in a blockchain, wherein the data identifier indicates a storage location of the target data in the blockchain; determining whether the target data has been stored in the blockchain based on the data identifier; in response to determining that no target data corresponding to the data identifier is stored in the blockchain, indicating that the data identifier published by the data provider is a false data identifier; in response to determining that the target data has been stored in the blockchain, obtaining the target data from the storage location indicated by the data identifier, wherein the target data stored in the blockchain comprises verification information used to verify authenticity of the target data and auxiliary information related to authenticity verification, wherein the verification information is a first hash value obtained by performing a hash calculation based on original content of the target data and the auxiliary information, wherein the auxiliary information comprises an identifier of a data uploader, an upload timestamp of the target data, and an upload location of the target data, wherein the upload location includes an address description; executing an installed verification program to verify authenticity of the obtained target data based on the verification information; performing a hash calculation on the original content of the target data and the auxiliary information to obtain a second hash value; determining whether the second hash value is the same as the first hash value carried in the target data stored in the blockchain; if yes, determining that the obtained target data passed the authenticity verification, or if not, determining that the obtained target data has failed to pass the authenticity verification; and outputting a verification result to a data verifier.