A 4G 3GPP system serving a hierarchical cellular network having a core and a plurality of nodes, the system comprising: one or more mobile base stations; at least one relay having base station functionality and operative to serve mobile communicators, including other relays, and to be served inter alia by other relays; and wherein the at least one relay includes: a tunneling sub-system; a backhauling link subsystem interfacing between the tunneling subsystem and a node which is closer to the core than said relay; and a base station subsystem, interfacing between the tunneling subsystem and a mobile station or a node which is further from the core than said relay, wherein the tunneling subsystem is operative to perform the following, on data arriving from a base station subsystem belonging to another node from among said plurality of nodes: collecting said data; and encapsulating the results to be sent in an individual session into packets and sending said packets to said Backhauling Link Subsystem, and wherein any tunneling subsystem in an individual node is operative to de-capsulate encapsulated packets and detect those packets addressed to the tunneling subsystem's individual node or to any of the descendants thereof, wherein the core comprises an S1 tunneling server comprising a tunneling subsystem, a virtual radio access network manager and a first block in an Inbound flow, the first block comprises a mobile base station filter operative to sort incoming user-plane packets of an S1-U interface and wherein the filter, by using a known list of the one or more mobile base stations, is operative to detect the mobile base stations' packets, to filter said packets from the S1-U stream and to send the stream without the mobile base stations' packets directly to a Core segment, wherein the filter is operative to send the stream without the mobile base stations' packets directly to a Core segment using a standard Inbound S1-U interface and to send the stream of only mobile base stations packets to the Tunneling Subsystem of the S1 tunneling server using an S1-U protocol interface, wherein the tunneling subsystem is operative to forward packets after de-capsulation to the virtual radio access network manager, which is operative to reflect the one or more mobile base stations as base stations to the core segment. one or more mobile base stations; at least one relay having base station functionality and operative to serve mobile communicators, including other relays, and to be served inter alia by other relays; and wherein the at least one relay includes: a tunneling sub-system; a backhauling link subsystem interfacing between the tunneling subsystem and a node which is closer to the core than said relay; and a base station subsystem, interfacing between the tunneling subsystem and a mobile station or a node which is further from the core than said relay, a tunneling sub-system; a backhauling link subsystem interfacing between the tunneling subsystem and a node which is closer to the core than said relay; and a base station subsystem, interfacing between the tunneling subsystem and a mobile station or a node which is further from the core than said relay, wherein the tunneling subsystem is operative to perform the following, on data arriving from a base station subsystem belonging to another node from among said plurality of nodes: collecting said data; and encapsulating the results to be sent in an individual session into packets and sending said packets to said Backhauling Link Subsystem, collecting said data; and encapsulating the results to be sent in an individual session into packets and sending said packets to said Backhauling Link Subsystem, and wherein any tunneling subsystem in an individual node is operative to de-capsulate encapsulated packets and detect those packets addressed to the tunneling subsystem's individual node or to any of the descendants thereof, wherein the core comprises an S1 tunneling server comprising a tunneling subsystem, a virtual radio access network manager and a first block in an Inbound flow, the first block comprises a mobile base station filter operative to sort incoming user-plane packets of an S1-U interface and wherein the filter, by using a known list of the one or more mobile base stations, is operative to detect the mobile base stations' packets, to filter said packets from the S1-U stream and to send the stream without the mobile base stations' packets directly to a Core segment, wherein the filter is operative to send the stream without the mobile base stations' packets directly to a Core segment using a standard Inbound S1-U interface and to send the stream of only mobile base stations packets to the Tunneling Subsystem of the S1 tunneling server using an S1-U protocol interface, wherein the tunneling subsystem is operative to forward packets after de-capsulation to the virtual radio access network manager, which is operative to reflect the one or more mobile base stations as base stations to the core segment.