LIDAR system comprising an emission channel and a detection channel, the emission channel comprising a laser source and being suitable for emitting pulses of radiation towards a target which is external to the LIDAR system, the LIDAR system being characterized in that the emission channel comprises two transfer paths (13a, 13b) which are placed in parallel and arranged to simultaneously receive, at respective inputs of said transfer paths, respective portions of a radiation from the laser source, and arranged at the output to superpose components of each pulse delivered by said two transfer paths, at least one of the two transfer paths (13a, 13b) comprising: - a modulator, referred to as a pulse-compression modulator; and - a pulse-compression controller, connected to control the pulse-compression modulator so as to modulate the pulse component which is delivered by said transfer path, so that during operation of the LIDAR system, at least two components of each pulse are produced simultaneously from the radiation coming from the laser source, are superposed within the pulse for a duration of said pulse, have respective spectra which are different, and at least one of the two components of the pulse is modulated in phase or frequency, and in that the detection channel comprises at least one photodetector (24a, 24b) and is arranged to perform the functions of: - measurement channel, dedicated to detecting radiations which correspond one-to-one to the pulses emitted by the emission channel after said pulses have been retroreflected or backscattered by the target, by delivering measurement detection signals; and - reference channel, dedicated to detecting radiations which are representative of the pulses as emitted by the emission channel, by delivering reference detection signals; and the detection channel further comprising a digital processing module which is arranged to receive the measurement detection signals and the reference detection signals, and which is configured to calculate a correlation function between said measurement detection signals and reference detection signals, so that the at least one component of each pulse that is modulated, combined with the calculated correlation function, produces a pulse-compression effect. the LIDAR system being characterized in that the emission channel comprises two transfer paths (13a, 13b) which are placed in parallel and arranged to simultaneously receive, at respective inputs of said transfer paths, respective portions of a radiation from the laser source, and arranged at the output to superpose components of each pulse delivered by said two transfer paths, at least one of the two transfer paths (13a, 13b) comprising: - a modulator, referred to as a pulse-compression modulator; and - a pulse-compression controller, connected to control the pulse-compression modulator so as to modulate the pulse component which is delivered by said transfer path, - a modulator, referred to as a pulse-compression modulator; and - a pulse-compression controller, connected to control the pulse-compression modulator so as to modulate the pulse component which is delivered by said transfer path, so that during operation of the LIDAR system, at least two components of each pulse are produced simultaneously from the radiation coming from the laser source, are superposed within the pulse for a duration of said pulse, have respective spectra which are different, and at least one of the two components of the pulse is modulated in phase or frequency, and in that the detection channel comprises at least one photodetector (24a, 24b) and is arranged to perform the functions of: - measurement channel, dedicated to detecting radiations which correspond one-to-one to the pulses emitted by the emission channel after said pulses have been retroreflected or backscattered by the target, by delivering measurement detection signals; and - reference channel, dedicated to detecting radiations which are representative of the pulses as emitted by the emission channel, by delivering reference detection signals; and - measurement channel, dedicated to detecting radiations which correspond one-to-one to the pulses emitted by the emission channel after said pulses have been retroreflected or backscattered by the target, by delivering measurement detection signals; and - reference channel, dedicated to detecting radiations which are representative of the pulses as emitted by the emission channel, by delivering reference detection signals; and the detection channel further comprising a digital processing module which is arranged to receive the measurement detection signals and the reference detection signals, and which is configured to calculate a correlation function between said measurement detection signals and reference detection signals, so that the at least one component of each pulse that is modulated, combined with the calculated correlation function, produces a pulse-compression effect.