A lighting device that illuminates a region to be illuminated extending in a first direction and extending in a second direction intersecting with the first direction, the lighting device comprising: a light source; and a diffractive optical element having a first hologram component and a second hologram component both of which diffract light from the light source and emit the light from their respective light emission faces to the region to be illuminated, wherein the first hologram component and the second hologram component are disposed in a direction intersecting with the first direction of the region to be illuminated, the first hologram component and the second hologram component are disposed such that normal directions to the emission faces of the first hologram component and the second hologram component intersect with a normal direction to a plane where the region to be illuminated is formed, wherein an illumination range of diffracted light from the first hologram component is aligned with an illumination range of diffracted light from the second hologram component in at least one of the first direction and the second direction of the region to be illuminated, wherein at least one of the first hologram component and the second hologram component include a plurality of element holograms, wherein diffracted light from each of the plurality of element holograms illuminates the entire region of the region to be illuminated, wherein the plurality of element holograms have different diffraction characteristics in one hologram component, and wherein the first direction is a longitudinal direction of the region to be illuminated, the longitudinal direction being a direction away from the lighting device, and the normal directions to the emission faces of the first hologram component and the second hologram component intersect with a normal direction to the region to be illuminated having the longitudinal direction. a light source; and a diffractive optical element having a first hologram component and a second hologram component both of which diffract light from the light source and emit the light from their respective light emission faces to the region to be illuminated, wherein the first hologram component and the second hologram component are disposed in a direction intersecting with the first direction of the region to be illuminated, the first hologram component and the second hologram component are disposed such that normal directions to the emission faces of the first hologram component and the second hologram component intersect with a normal direction to a plane where the region to be illuminated is formed, wherein an illumination range of diffracted light from the first hologram component is aligned with an illumination range of diffracted light from the second hologram component in at least one of the first direction and the second direction of the region to be illuminated, wherein at least one of the first hologram component and the second hologram component include a plurality of element holograms, wherein diffracted light from each of the plurality of element holograms illuminates the entire region of the region to be illuminated, wherein the plurality of element holograms have different diffraction characteristics in one hologram component, and wherein the first direction is a longitudinal direction of the region to be illuminated, the longitudinal direction being a direction away from the lighting device, and the normal directions to the emission faces of the first hologram component and the second hologram component intersect with a normal direction to the region to be illuminated having the longitudinal direction.