A fall test device for testing fall of a key block in a roof based on bidirectional static-dynamic loading, comprising an overall frame, a horizontal pressure loading system, a vertical pressure loading system, a horizontal pendulum-hammer impact disturbance system, a vertical drop-hammer impact disturbance system, an incident stress wave monitoring system and a response measurement and monitoring system, wherein: the overall frame is used to provide a reactive force and accommodate a model sample in a lower space inside a steel frame body; the horizontal pressure loading system is mounted on one side of the overall frame and is used to apply a horizontal static load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body; the vertical pressure loading system is mounted on an upper portion of the overall frame and is used to apply a vertical static load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body; the horizontal pendulum-hammer impact disturbance system is mounted on another side of the overall frame and applies a horizontal dynamic load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body by hitting against a horizontal incident rod; the vertical drop-hammer impact disturbance system is mounted on the upper portion of the overall frame and applies a vertical dynamic load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body by hitting against a vertical incident rod; the incident stress wave monitoring system is used to monitor incident stress waves on the horizontal incident rod and the vertical incident rod; and the response measurement and monitoring system is used to realize response monitoring by recording stress state data around the key block in the roof, acoustic emission data and surface strain field data of the model sample. the overall frame is used to provide a reactive force and accommodate a model sample in a lower space inside a steel frame body; the horizontal pressure loading system is mounted on one side of the overall frame and is used to apply a horizontal static load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body; the vertical pressure loading system is mounted on an upper portion of the overall frame and is used to apply a vertical static load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body; the horizontal pendulum-hammer impact disturbance system is mounted on another side of the overall frame and applies a horizontal dynamic load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body by hitting against a horizontal incident rod; the vertical drop-hammer impact disturbance system is mounted on the upper portion of the overall frame and applies a vertical dynamic load to the model sample accommodated in the lower space inside the steel frame body by hitting against a vertical incident rod; the incident stress wave monitoring system is used to monitor incident stress waves on the horizontal incident rod and the vertical incident rod; and the response measurement and monitoring system is used to realize response monitoring by recording stress state data around the key block in the roof, acoustic emission data and surface strain field data of the model sample.