A system for performing temperature modulation therapy to a tissue with an interstitial probe, the system comprising: an interstitial probe, comprising a shaft region, a tip region, at least one thermal therapy-generating element for thermal therapy emission via the tip region, and at least one cryotherapy-generating element for cryogenic therapy emission via the tip region; processing circuitry; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to, while the interstitial probe is positioned proximate a tissue, activate temperature modulation therapy by the interstitial probe utilizing a modulation pattern of thermal therapy emission and cryogenic therapy emission for applying a thermal dose to the tissue, wherein the modulation pattern comprises at least one higher thermal output corresponding to activation of a first thermal therapy element of the at least the thermal therapy-generating element for a first time interval, and at least one lower thermal output corresponding to activation of a first cryogenic therapy element of the at least one cryogenic therapy element for a second time interval different than the first time interval, and during modulation therapy, monitor at least one temperature of the tissue, identify a difference between a goal temperature and the at least one temperature of the tissue, and responsive to identifying the difference, altering the modulation pattern, wherein altering the modulation pattern comprises altering at least one of a) a length of the first time interval, b) a length of the second time interval, c) an emission level of the first thermal therapy-generating element during the first time interval, d) an emission level of the first thermal therapy-generating element during the second time interval, e) an emission level of the first cryotherapy-generating element during the first time interval, and f) an emission level of the first cryotherapy-generating element during the second time interval, and wherein altering the modulation pattern comprises selecting a new modulation pattern of a plurality of pre-set modulation patterns. an interstitial probe, comprising a shaft region, a tip region, at least one thermal therapy-generating element for thermal therapy emission via the tip region, and at least one cryotherapy-generating element for cryogenic therapy emission via the tip region; processing circuitry; and a memory having instructions stored thereon, wherein the instructions, when executed by the processing circuitry, cause the processing circuitry to, while the interstitial probe is positioned proximate a tissue, activate temperature modulation therapy by the interstitial probe utilizing a modulation pattern of thermal therapy emission and cryogenic therapy emission for applying a thermal dose to the tissue, wherein the modulation pattern comprises at least one higher thermal output corresponding to activation of a first thermal therapy element of the at least the thermal therapy-generating element for a first time interval, and at least one lower thermal output corresponding to activation of a first cryogenic therapy element of the at least one cryogenic therapy element for a second time interval different than the first time interval, and during modulation therapy, monitor at least one temperature of the tissue, identify a difference between a goal temperature and the at least one temperature of the tissue, and responsive to identifying the difference, altering the modulation pattern, wherein altering the modulation pattern comprises altering at least one of a) a length of the first time interval, b) a length of the second time interval, c) an emission level of the first thermal therapy-generating element during the first time interval, d) an emission level of the first thermal therapy-generating element during the second time interval, e) an emission level of the first cryotherapy-generating element during the first time interval, and f) an emission level of the first cryotherapy-generating element during the second time interval, and wherein altering the modulation pattern comprises selecting a new modulation pattern of a plurality of pre-set modulation patterns.