A banknote handling system comprising: a reception unit configured to receive a banknote that has been put in the reception unit; a recognition unit configured to recognize the banknote that has been received by the reception unit; a control unit (102, 1102) configured to judge the banknote recognized by the recognition unit as a normal banknote or a reject banknote based on a recognition result; a reject unit (14, 1014) configured to stack the banknote judged as a reject banknote by the control unit (102, 1102); a transport unit (16, 1016) configured to transport the banknote judged as a normal banknote by the control unit (102, 1102); a storing unit (13, 1013) configured to have a first storing unit (131, 1311) and at least one of second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) and to store the banknote judged as a normal banknote by the control unit (102, 1102); and a transport-error detection unit configured to detect a transport error of the banknote transported by the transport unit (16, 1016), characterized in that the control unit (102, 1102) controls the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) so as to feed out the banknotes stored in the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) to the transport unit (16, 1016), to cause the banknotes fed out from the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) and transported in the transport unit (16, 1016) without detecting a transport error by the transport-error detection unit to be escrowed in the first storing unit (131, 1131), to store the banknotes of which the transport error has been detected by the transport-error detection unit in the reject unit (14, 1014), and to cause the banknotes escrowed in the first storing unit (131, 1131) to be fed out and to be stored in the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D). a reception unit configured to receive a banknote that has been put in the reception unit; a recognition unit configured to recognize the banknote that has been received by the reception unit; a control unit (102, 1102) configured to judge the banknote recognized by the recognition unit as a normal banknote or a reject banknote based on a recognition result; a reject unit (14, 1014) configured to stack the banknote judged as a reject banknote by the control unit (102, 1102); a transport unit (16, 1016) configured to transport the banknote judged as a normal banknote by the control unit (102, 1102); a storing unit (13, 1013) configured to have a first storing unit (131, 1311) and at least one of second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) and to store the banknote judged as a normal banknote by the control unit (102, 1102); and a transport-error detection unit configured to detect a transport error of the banknote transported by the transport unit (16, 1016), characterized in that the control unit (102, 1102) controls the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) so as to feed out the banknotes stored in the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) to the transport unit (16, 1016), to cause the banknotes fed out from the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D) and transported in the transport unit (16, 1016) without detecting a transport error by the transport-error detection unit to be escrowed in the first storing unit (131, 1131), to store the banknotes of which the transport error has been detected by the transport-error detection unit in the reject unit (14, 1014), and to cause the banknotes escrowed in the first storing unit (131, 1131) to be fed out and to be stored in the second storing units (132A-132D, 1132A-1132D).