A vehicle thermal management system, comprising: a flow path switching valve; a compressor, an intake port and an exhaust port of the compressor being respectively connected to the flow path switching valve; an in-cabin thermal management flow path, which comprises a fluid communication in-cabin heat exchanger, a first fan associated to the in-cabin heat exchanger, and a first throttle element connected to the in-cabin heat exchanger; a first end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path being connected to the flow path switching valve; an out-cabin thermal management flow path, which comprises an out-cabin heat exchanger, a second fan associated to the out-cabin heat exchanger, and a second throttle element connected to the out-cabin heat exchanger; a first end of the out-cabin thermal management flow path is connected to the flow path switching valve; and a second end of the out-cabin thermal management flow path is connected to a second end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path; and at least one battery module thermal management flow path, which comprises a cell heat exchanger associated to at least one cell of a battery module, and a third throttle element connected to the cell heat exchanger; a first end of the battery module thermal management flow path is connected to the flow path switching valve; and a second end of the battery module thermal management flow path is connected to the second end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path, the second end of the out-cabin thermal management flow path, and the flow path switching valve, respectively; wherein the flow path switching valve is used for switching the on and off of the intake port of the compressor, the exhaust port of the compressor, and for switching flow direction of the in-cabin thermal management flow path, the out-cabin thermal management flow path, and the battery module thermal management flow path; characterized in that the second end of the battery module thermal management flow path is provided with a first branch which is connected to the second end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path and the out-cabin thermal management flow path; and a second branch connected to the flow path switching valve; wherein the first branch further comprises a fourth check valve in series connection to the third throttle element, a fifth check valve in parallel connection with the third throttle element and the fourth check valve, and a fifth solenoid valve which connects or disconnects the first branch in a controlled way; and the second branch further comprises a sixth solenoid valve which connects or disconnects the second branch in a controlled way. a flow path switching valve; a compressor, an intake port and an exhaust port of the compressor being respectively connected to the flow path switching valve; an in-cabin thermal management flow path, which comprises a fluid communication in-cabin heat exchanger, a first fan associated to the in-cabin heat exchanger, and a first throttle element connected to the in-cabin heat exchanger; a first end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path being connected to the flow path switching valve; an out-cabin thermal management flow path, which comprises an out-cabin heat exchanger, a second fan associated to the out-cabin heat exchanger, and a second throttle element connected to the out-cabin heat exchanger; a first end of the out-cabin thermal management flow path is connected to the flow path switching valve; and a second end of the out-cabin thermal management flow path is connected to a second end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path; and at least one battery module thermal management flow path, which comprises a cell heat exchanger associated to at least one cell of a battery module, and a third throttle element connected to the cell heat exchanger; a first end of the battery module thermal management flow path is connected to the flow path switching valve; and a second end of the battery module thermal management flow path is connected to the second end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path, the second end of the out-cabin thermal management flow path, and the flow path switching valve, respectively; wherein the flow path switching valve is used for switching the on and off of the intake port of the compressor, the exhaust port of the compressor, and for switching flow direction of the in-cabin thermal management flow path, the out-cabin thermal management flow path, and the battery module thermal management flow path; characterized in that the second end of the battery module thermal management flow path is provided with a first branch which is connected to the second end of the in-cabin thermal management flow path and the out-cabin thermal management flow path; and a second branch connected to the flow path switching valve; wherein the first branch further comprises a fourth check valve in series connection to the third throttle element, a fifth check valve in parallel connection with the third throttle element and the fourth check valve, and a fifth solenoid valve which connects or disconnects the first branch in a controlled way; and the second branch further comprises a sixth solenoid valve which connects or disconnects the second branch in a controlled way.