A compound having the following formula (I-1): wherein: R is the group wherein r is 0 to 4, R 1a, R 1b, R 1c, R 1d and R 1e are each independently hydrogen, -R 13 -OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)R 10, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; R 3 is a direct bond, -O-, -R 12 -O-, -O-R 12 -, -O-R 12 -O-, an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; R 4 is a direct bond, -O-R 12a -, an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; R8 is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, heteroaryl, hydroxyiminoalkyl, -R 13 -OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)R 10, -R 13 -C(=O)OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)R 11,-R 13 -C(=O)N(R 10)-R 14 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -S(=O) t N(R 10)R 11 (where t is 1 or 2), -R 13 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)R 10, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -N(R 10)-R 13 -C(=O)OR 10, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 14 -S(=O) t N(R 10)R 11 (where t is 1 or 2), -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)R 10, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)-R 14 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -N(R 10)S(=O) t N(R 10)R 11 (where t is 1 or 2), and -R 13 -O-R 14 -C(=O)OR 10; each R 9 is independently -O-R 10, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl; each R 10 and R 11 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or R 10 and R", together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an N -heterocyclyl or an N -heteroaryl; R 12 is an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; R 12a is an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; and each R 13 is independently a direct bond, an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, clathrate, ammonium ion, or N -oxide thereof. wherein r is 0 to 4, R 1a, R 1b, R 1c, R 1d and R 1e are each independently hydrogen, -R 13 -OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)R 10, alkyl, halo, haloalkyl, cyano, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; R 3 is a direct bond, -O-, -R 12 -O-, -O-R 12 -, -O-R 12 -O-, an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; R 4 is a direct bond, -O-R 12a -, an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; R8 is aralkyl optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of halo, nitro, cyano, heteroaryl, hydroxyiminoalkyl, -R 13 -OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)R 10, -R 13 -C(=O)OR 10, -R 13 -C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)R 11,-R 13 -C(=O)N(R 10)-R 14 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -S(=O) t N(R 10)R 11 (where t is 1 or 2), -R 13 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)R 10, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -N(R 10)-R 13 -C(=O)OR 10, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 14 -S(=O) t N(R 10)R 11 (where t is 1 or 2), -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)R 10, -R 13 -N(R 10)C(=O)-R 13 -N(R 10)-R 14 -N(R 10)R 11, -R 13 -N(R 10)S(=O) t N(R 10)R 11 (where t is 1 or 2), and -R 13 -O-R 14 -C(=O)OR 10; each R 9 is independently -O-R 10, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, halo, haloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl; each R 10 and R 11 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, heterocyclyl, or heterocyclylalkyl; or R 10 and R", together with the nitrogen to which they are attached, form an N -heterocyclyl or an N -heteroaryl; R 12 is an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; R 12a is an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; and each R 13 is independently a direct bond, an straight or branched alkylene chain, an straight or branched alkenylene chain, or an straight or branched alkynylene chain; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, polymorph, clathrate, ammonium ion, or N -oxide thereof.