A paperless transfer printing method, comprising: (a) printing, by a printing machine employed one of a gravure printing machine, a flexo printing machine or a screen printing machine, aqueous ink onto a transfer printing temporary carrier in a set pattern, wherein a surface of the transfer printing temporary carrier is made of an elastomer polymer material, a critical surface tension of the surface of the transfer printing temporary carrier is between 25 mN/m and 45 mN/m, and a surface tension of the aqueous ink is less than the critical surface tension of the transfer printing temporary carrier; (b) drying the to-be-transferred pattern on the transfer printing temporary carrier with a surface of 85 to 95 Shore Hardness · and the transfer printing temporary carrier is the seamless blanket belt or a roller externally wrapped by the elastic polymer material layer; (c) wetting the transfer printing temporary carrier by using an aqueous surface tension increasing liquid, so that when the transfer printing temporary carrier is in tight contact with a fabric in a transfer printing device to transfer a pattern, the aqueous ink printed on the transfer printing temporary carrier is dissolved or dispersed into the aqueous surface tension increasing liquid to form an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion liquid, wherein a surface tension of the aqueous solution or the aqueous dispersion liquid is greater than the critical surface tension of the transfer printing temporary carrier and less than a surface tension of fiber of the fabric; and (d) separating the aqueous solution or the aqueous dispersion liquid from the transfer printing temporary carrier at a tight-contact position between the transfer printing temporary carrier and the fabric, so that an aqueous ink dye is transferred onto the fiber of the fabric; wherein in the step (a), the surface tension of the aqueous ink is less than the critical surface tension of the transfer printing temporary carrier by 1-4 mN/m. (a) printing, by a printing machine employed one of a gravure printing machine, a flexo printing machine or a screen printing machine, aqueous ink onto a transfer printing temporary carrier in a set pattern, wherein a surface of the transfer printing temporary carrier is made of an elastomer polymer material, a critical surface tension of the surface of the transfer printing temporary carrier is between 25 mN/m and 45 mN/m, and a surface tension of the aqueous ink is less than the critical surface tension of the transfer printing temporary carrier; (b) drying the to-be-transferred pattern on the transfer printing temporary carrier with a surface of 85 to 95 Shore Hardness · and the transfer printing temporary carrier is the seamless blanket belt or a roller externally wrapped by the elastic polymer material layer; (c) wetting the transfer printing temporary carrier by using an aqueous surface tension increasing liquid, so that when the transfer printing temporary carrier is in tight contact with a fabric in a transfer printing device to transfer a pattern, the aqueous ink printed on the transfer printing temporary carrier is dissolved or dispersed into the aqueous surface tension increasing liquid to form an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion liquid, wherein a surface tension of the aqueous solution or the aqueous dispersion liquid is greater than the critical surface tension of the transfer printing temporary carrier and less than a surface tension of fiber of the fabric; and (d) separating the aqueous solution or the aqueous dispersion liquid from the transfer printing temporary carrier at a tight-contact position between the transfer printing temporary carrier and the fabric, so that an aqueous ink dye is transferred onto the fiber of the fabric;