A computer-implemented method comprising: determining, by one or more computing devices, one or more user attributes based on (i) a voice feature of a user associated with a user device, and (ii) a proximity indicator indicative of a distance between the user and the user device; obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, data to be output; selecting, by the one or more computing devices, an audio output template based on the one or more user attributes; generating, by the one or more computing devices, an audio signal including the data using the selected audio output template; and providing, by the one or more computing devices, the audio signal for output, wherein determining the proximity indicator indicative of the distance between the user and the user device comprises: obtaining audio signal data from a first microphone; obtaining audio signal data from a second microphone; and determining the proximity indicator based on characteristics of the audio signal data from the first microphone, and characteristics of the audio signal data from the second microphone, wherein the determining comprises: comparing characteristics of the audio signal data from the first microphone with characteristics of the audio signal data from the second microphone, wherein the distance between the user and the user device is inversely proportional to the differences between the characteristics of the audio signals; determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is greater than a predetermined threshold distance, or using a scale of predetermined threshold distances, determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is less than one of the scale of predetermined threshold distances, in dependence on the result of the comparison. determining, by one or more computing devices, one or more user attributes based on (i) a voice feature of a user associated with a user device, and (ii) a proximity indicator indicative of a distance between the user and the user device; obtaining, by the one or more computing devices, data to be output; selecting, by the one or more computing devices, an audio output template based on the one or more user attributes; generating, by the one or more computing devices, an audio signal including the data using the selected audio output template; and providing, by the one or more computing devices, the audio signal for output, wherein determining the proximity indicator indicative of the distance between the user and the user device comprises: obtaining audio signal data from a first microphone; obtaining audio signal data from a second microphone; and determining the proximity indicator based on characteristics of the audio signal data from the first microphone, and characteristics of the audio signal data from the second microphone, wherein the determining comprises: comparing characteristics of the audio signal data from the first microphone with characteristics of the audio signal data from the second microphone, wherein the distance between the user and the user device is inversely proportional to the differences between the characteristics of the audio signals; determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is greater than a predetermined threshold distance, or using a scale of predetermined threshold distances, determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is less than one of the scale of predetermined threshold distances, in dependence on the result of the comparison. obtaining audio signal data from a first microphone; obtaining audio signal data from a second microphone; and determining the proximity indicator based on characteristics of the audio signal data from the first microphone, and characteristics of the audio signal data from the second microphone, wherein the determining comprises: comparing characteristics of the audio signal data from the first microphone with characteristics of the audio signal data from the second microphone, wherein the distance between the user and the user device is inversely proportional to the differences between the characteristics of the audio signals; determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is greater than a predetermined threshold distance, or using a scale of predetermined threshold distances, determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is less than one of the scale of predetermined threshold distances, in dependence on the result of the comparison. comparing characteristics of the audio signal data from the first microphone with characteristics of the audio signal data from the second microphone, wherein the distance between the user and the user device is inversely proportional to the differences between the characteristics of the audio signals; determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is greater than a predetermined threshold distance, or using a scale of predetermined threshold distances, determining a proximity indicator indicating that the user is located at a distance from the user device which is less than one of the scale of predetermined threshold distances, in dependence on the result of the comparison.