A method of entropy decoding transformation coefficients, the method comprising: splitting an image into a plurality of maximum coding units; hierarchically splitting one of the maximum coding units into one or more coding units; determining a transformation unit hierarchically split from one of the at least one coding units; extracting information about a horizontal axis direction location and a vertical axis direction location of a last significant transformation coefficient having a non-zero value and included in the transformation unit, from a received bitstream wherein the last significant transformation coefficient has last scan index according to a certain scan order among the transformation coefficients; determining a location of the last significant transformation coefficient by decoding the information about the horizontal axis direction location and the vertical axis direction location; decoding the last significant transformation coefficient based on the location of the last significant transformation coefficient; decoding a significant coefficient flag, included in the received bitstream, representing a location of a second significant transformation coefficient; and decoding the second significant transformation coefficient by using the significant coefficient flag; wherein the information includes an x value corresponding to the horizontal axis direction location and a y value corresponding to the vertical axis direction location. splitting an image into a plurality of maximum coding units; hierarchically splitting one of the maximum coding units into one or more coding units; determining a transformation unit hierarchically split from one of the at least one coding units; extracting information about a horizontal axis direction location and a vertical axis direction location of a last significant transformation coefficient having a non-zero value and included in the transformation unit, from a received bitstream wherein the last significant transformation coefficient has last scan index according to a certain scan order among the transformation coefficients; determining a location of the last significant transformation coefficient by decoding the information about the horizontal axis direction location and the vertical axis direction location; decoding the last significant transformation coefficient based on the location of the last significant transformation coefficient; decoding a significant coefficient flag, included in the received bitstream, representing a location of a second significant transformation coefficient; and decoding the second significant transformation coefficient by using the significant coefficient flag; extracting information about a horizontal axis direction location and a vertical axis direction location of a last significant transformation coefficient having a non-zero value and included in the transformation unit, from a received bitstream wherein the last significant transformation coefficient has last scan index according to a certain scan order among the transformation coefficients; determining a location of the last significant transformation coefficient by decoding the information about the horizontal axis direction location and the vertical axis direction location; decoding the last significant transformation coefficient based on the location of the last significant transformation coefficient; decoding a significant coefficient flag, included in the received bitstream, representing a location of a second significant transformation coefficient; and decoding the second significant transformation coefficient by using the significant coefficient flag; wherein the information includes an x value corresponding to the horizontal axis direction location and a y value corresponding to the vertical axis direction location.