A colored fluid for use in a display device comprising: at least one first pigment; at least one non-polar solvent; at least one polymeric dispersant comprising the formula: (Z-U) x -P-(V-W) y wherein P is a residue of a second pigment; each Z is independently a non-polar polymer; each U and V are independently selected from R, RC O, ROC, RC NR 1, RNR 1 C, RSO 2 NR 1, RSO 3, ROSO 3, RSO 2, RO, RS, RNR 1, =N-, RNHC NR 1, RNHC O, ROC NH, RC OCH 2 CH CH 2, ROCH 2 CH CH 2, RNR 1 CH 2 CH CH 2, RPO(OR 1)O, ROPO(OR 1)O, and anionic forms thereof, where R is independently selected from a single bond, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or a heterocycle, and each R 1 is independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl, provided that there is at least one V-W that is not a single bonded hydrogen; each W is independently selected from H, OH, SH, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, ammonium, alkylammonium, arylammonium, alkali metal, and alkaline earth metal; wherein each V-W bond is a covalent or ionic bond; x is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and wherein for the colored fluid, at least one polymeric dispersant comprises an ionic (V-W) moiety. at least one first pigment; at least one non-polar solvent; at least one polymeric dispersant comprising the formula: (Z-U) x -P-(V-W) y wherein P is a residue of a second pigment; each Z is independently a non-polar polymer; each U and V are independently selected from R, RC O, ROC, RC NR 1, RNR 1 C, RSO 2 NR 1, RSO 3, ROSO 3, RSO 2, RO, RS, RNR 1, =N-, RNHC NR 1, RNHC O, ROC NH, RC OCH 2 CH CH 2, ROCH 2 CH CH 2, RNR 1 CH 2 CH CH 2, RPO(OR 1)O, ROPO(OR 1)O, and anionic forms thereof, where R is independently selected from a single bond, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or a heterocycle, and each R 1 is independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl, provided that there is at least one V-W that is not a single bonded hydrogen; each W is independently selected from H, OH, SH, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, ammonium, alkylammonium, arylammonium, alkali metal, and alkaline earth metal; wherein each V-W bond is a covalent or ionic bond; x is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and wherein for the colored fluid, at least one polymeric dispersant comprises an ionic (V-W) moiety. wherein P is a residue of a second pigment; each Z is independently a non-polar polymer; each U and V are independently selected from R, RC O, ROC, RC NR 1, RNR 1 C, RSO 2 NR 1, RSO 3, ROSO 3, RSO 2, RO, RS, RNR 1, =N-, RNHC NR 1, RNHC O, ROC NH, RC OCH 2 CH CH 2, ROCH 2 CH CH 2, RNR 1 CH 2 CH CH 2, RPO(OR 1)O, ROPO(OR 1)O, and anionic forms thereof, where R is independently selected from a single bond, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, or a heterocycle, and each R 1 is independently selected from H, alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl, provided that there is at least one V-W that is not a single bonded hydrogen; each W is independently selected from H, OH, SH, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, ammonium, alkylammonium, arylammonium, alkali metal, and alkaline earth metal; wherein each V-W bond is a covalent or ionic bond; x is an integer greater than or equal to 1, and y is an integer greater than or equal to 1; and wherein for the colored fluid, at least one polymeric dispersant comprises an ionic (V-W) moiety.