A rate matching method (300, 1000) performed by a rate matching apparatus (500, 1200), the method comprising: determining (S310, S1010) a receiving capability of a receive end, wherein the receiving capability is used to indicate a maximum data processing volume of the receive end in a first transmission time, and/or the receiving capability is used to indicate a maximum data buffer volume of the receive end in a first transmission time; and the first transmission time is used to transmit a first transport block to which a first code block belongs; determining (S320, S1020) N CB based on the receiving capability, wherein N CB represents a code block size used for rate matching, wherein the determining (S320, S1210) N CB based on the receiving capability comprises: determining N CB,max based on the receiving capability, wherein N CB,max represents a maximum size of a single code block that can be processed by the receive end in the first transmission time, and N CB,max is positively correlated with the receiving capability, wherein positive correlation of two values means that when one value increases, the other value also increases and wherein the determining N CB,max based on the receiving capability comprises: determining N CB,max based on U ( i) and the receiving capability, wherein N CB,max is further positively correlated with U ( i), U ( i) represents a ratio of a transmission bandwidth of an active bandwidth part BWP of the carrier i to a sum of transmission bandwidths of active BWPs of all active receive carriers at the receive end, and the carrier i is used to transmit the first transport block, and determining N CB based on N ref, N, and N CB,max, wherein N ref represents a first reference code block size, N represents a size of the first code block, and N CB is a smallest value among N CB,max, N ref, and N; and performing (S330, S1030) rate matching on the first code block based on N CB. determining (S310, S1010) a receiving capability of a receive end, wherein the receiving capability is used to indicate a maximum data processing volume of the receive end in a first transmission time, and/or the receiving capability is used to indicate a maximum data buffer volume of the receive end in a first transmission time; and the first transmission time is used to transmit a first transport block to which a first code block belongs; determining (S320, S1020) N CB based on the receiving capability, wherein N CB represents a code block size used for rate matching, wherein the determining (S320, S1210) N CB based on the receiving capability comprises: determining N CB,max based on the receiving capability, wherein N CB,max represents a maximum size of a single code block that can be processed by the receive end in the first transmission time, and N CB,max is positively correlated with the receiving capability, wherein positive correlation of two values means that when one value increases, the other value also increases and wherein the determining N CB,max based on the receiving capability comprises: determining N CB,max based on U ( i) and the receiving capability, wherein N CB,max is further positively correlated with U ( i), U ( i) represents a ratio of a transmission bandwidth of an active bandwidth part BWP of the carrier i to a sum of transmission bandwidths of active BWPs of all active receive carriers at the receive end, and the carrier i is used to transmit the first transport block, and determining N CB based on N ref, N, and N CB,max, wherein N ref represents a first reference code block size, N represents a size of the first code block, and N CB is a smallest value among N CB,max, N ref, and N; and determining N CB,max based on the receiving capability, wherein N CB,max represents a maximum size of a single code block that can be processed by the receive end in the first transmission time, and N CB,max is positively correlated with the receiving capability, wherein positive correlation of two values means that when one value increases, the other value also increases and wherein the determining N CB,max based on the receiving capability comprises: determining N CB,max based on U ( i) and the receiving capability, wherein N CB,max is further positively correlated with U ( i), U ( i) represents a ratio of a transmission bandwidth of an active bandwidth part BWP of the carrier i to a sum of transmission bandwidths of active BWPs of all active receive carriers at the receive end, and the carrier i is used to transmit the first transport block, and determining N CB based on N ref, N, and N CB,max, wherein N ref represents a first reference code block size, N represents a size of the first code block, and N CB is a smallest value among N CB,max, N ref, and N; and performing (S330, S1030) rate matching on the first code block based on N CB.