An apparatus for controlling a brake pressure of a railway vehicle, the apparatus comprising a microcomputer controller (EBCU) and a brake pressure regulation mechanism, wherein the brake pressure regulation mechanism comprises: a brake pipe connected to a brake clamp (Clamp1); a pressure sensor (Tpill) configured to feed back a brake pressure in the brake pipe to the microcomputer controller (EBCU); a holding solenoid valve controlled by the microcomputer controller (EBCU); a deflation solenoid valve controlled by the microcomputer controller (EBCU), a deflation valve, wherein a pressure output port of the deflation valve is connected to the brake pipe, further characterized in that a deflation port of the deflation valve is in communication with the atmosphere, wherein the deflation valve internally includes a valve core and an upper diaphragm pressed by an output pressure of the holding solenoid valve and a lower diaphragm pressed by an output pressure of the deflation solenoid valve that are respectively disposed on two ends of the valve core, wherein the area of the lower diaphragm is greater than the area of the upper diaphragm, wherein when the pressure on the upper diaphragm is greater than the pressure on the lower diaphragm the deflation valve is opened to deflate the brake pipe and wherein otherwise the deflation valve is closed; and a holding valve, wherein a pressure output port of the holding valve is connected to the brake pipe, wherein the holding valve internally includes a valve core and an upper diaphragm pressed by the output pressure of the holding solenoid valve and a lower diaphragm pressed by the output pressure of the deflation solenoid valve that are respectively disposed on two ends of the valve core, where the area of the upper diaphragm is greater than the area of the lower diaphragm, wherein when the pressure on the lower diaphragm is greater than the pressure on the upper diaphragm the holding valve is opened to inflate the brake pipe and wherein otherwise the holding valve is closed, wherein a main air supply is connected to air inlets of the holding solenoid valve, the deflation solenoid valve, and the holding valve respectively, wherein an air outlet of the holding solenoid valve is connected to respective first pressure ports of the deflation valve and the holding valve, and wherein an air outlet of the deflation solenoid valve is connected to respective second pressure ports of the deflation valve and the holding valve. a brake pipe connected to a brake clamp (Clamp1); a pressure sensor (Tpill) configured to feed back a brake pressure in the brake pipe to the microcomputer controller (EBCU); a holding solenoid valve controlled by the microcomputer controller (EBCU); a deflation solenoid valve controlled by the microcomputer controller (EBCU), a deflation valve, wherein a pressure output port of the deflation valve is connected to the brake pipe, further characterized in that a deflation port of the deflation valve is in communication with the atmosphere, wherein the deflation valve internally includes a valve core and an upper diaphragm pressed by an output pressure of the holding solenoid valve and a lower diaphragm pressed by an output pressure of the deflation solenoid valve that are respectively disposed on two ends of the valve core, wherein the area of the lower diaphragm is greater than the area of the upper diaphragm, wherein when the pressure on the upper diaphragm is greater than the pressure on the lower diaphragm the deflation valve is opened to deflate the brake pipe and wherein otherwise the deflation valve is closed; and a holding valve, wherein a pressure output port of the holding valve is connected to the brake pipe, wherein the holding valve internally includes a valve core and an upper diaphragm pressed by the output pressure of the holding solenoid valve and a lower diaphragm pressed by the output pressure of the deflation solenoid valve that are respectively disposed on two ends of the valve core, where the area of the upper diaphragm is greater than the area of the lower diaphragm, wherein when the pressure on the lower diaphragm is greater than the pressure on the upper diaphragm the holding valve is opened to inflate the brake pipe and wherein otherwise the holding valve is closed, wherein a main air supply is connected to air inlets of the holding solenoid valve, the deflation solenoid valve, and the holding valve respectively, wherein an air outlet of the holding solenoid valve is connected to respective first pressure ports of the deflation valve and the holding valve, and wherein an air outlet of the deflation solenoid valve is connected to respective second pressure ports of the deflation valve and the holding valve.