A method of detecting defects in a bearing, said bearing comprising at least the following elements: - an inner ring, - an outer ring; and - a plurality of rolling bodies rolling between said inner ring and said outer ring; comprising the following steps: - during a preliminary step: ∘ determining, for each element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing, at least one theoretical fundamental frequency α th corresponding to a defect of this element (11, 12, 13); and ∘ for said defect of said element (11, 12, 13) determining a frequency dispersion Δf serving to define a range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf] around said theoretical fundamental frequency α th and a theoretical fundamental probability p prior (f) that each frequency f in said range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf] corresponds to said defect in said element (11, 12, 13), - during a pre-processing step, ∘ acquiring a time-domain vibration signal A n emitted by an acceleration sensor positioned in the proximity of said bearing, the signal comprising a number N of samples over a predetermined acquisition time, where n is the order number of each sample and lies in the range 1 to N; and ∘ transforming said time-domain vibration signal A n for analysis; - during an analysis step: ∘ determining for each element (11, 12, 13) at least one defect-presence frequency α̂ in said element (11, 12, 13) together with an associated reliability level p ( α̂) at each defect-presence frequency α̂, said defect-presence frequency α̂ corresponding to a vibration frequency characteristic of a defect present in an element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing and lying in the predefined range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf], said reliability level p ( α̂) being the maximum value of an experimental probability p post (f) for the presence of a defect α̂ in an element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing and said presence frequency of said defect α̂ being the frequency of said range [ α th -Δf;α th +Δf] for which the experimental probability p post (f) is at a maximum, said experimental probability experimental probability p post (f) being determined on the basis of said time-domain vibration signal A n and being a function of said theoretical fundamental probability p prior (f); and - during a diagnosis step: ∘ delivering an alert message indicating at least one defect in at least one element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing as a function of the values of each defect-presence frequency α̂ and of each associated reliability level p ( α̂). - an inner ring, - an outer ring; and - a plurality of rolling bodies rolling between said inner ring and said outer ring; - during a preliminary step: ∘ determining, for each element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing, at least one theoretical fundamental frequency α th corresponding to a defect of this element (11, 12, 13); and ∘ for said defect of said element (11, 12, 13) determining a frequency dispersion Δf serving to define a range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf] around said theoretical fundamental frequency α th and a theoretical fundamental probability p prior (f) that each frequency f in said range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf] corresponds to said defect in said element (11, 12, 13), ∘ determining, for each element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing, at least one theoretical fundamental frequency α th corresponding to a defect of this element (11, 12, 13); and ∘ for said defect of said element (11, 12, 13) determining a frequency dispersion Δf serving to define a range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf] around said theoretical fundamental frequency α th and a theoretical fundamental probability p prior (f) that each frequency f in said range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf] corresponds to said defect in said element (11, 12, 13), - during a pre-processing step, ∘ acquiring a time-domain vibration signal A n emitted by an acceleration sensor positioned in the proximity of said bearing, the signal comprising a number N of samples over a predetermined acquisition time, where n is the order number of each sample and lies in the range 1 to N; and ∘ transforming said time-domain vibration signal A n for analysis; ∘ acquiring a time-domain vibration signal A n emitted by an acceleration sensor positioned in the proximity of said bearing, the signal comprising a number N of samples over a predetermined acquisition time, where n is the order number of each sample and lies in the range 1 to N; and ∘ transforming said time-domain vibration signal A n for analysis; - during an analysis step: ∘ determining for each element (11, 12, 13) at least one defect-presence frequency α̂ in said element (11, 12, 13) together with an associated reliability level p ( α̂) at each defect-presence frequency α̂, said defect-presence frequency α̂ corresponding to a vibration frequency characteristic of a defect present in an element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing and lying in the predefined range [ α th - Δf;α th +Δf], said reliability level p ( α̂) being the maximum value of an experimental probability p post (f) for the presence of a defect α̂ in an element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing and said presence frequency of said defect α̂ being the frequency of said range [ α th -Δf;α th +Δf] for which the experimental probability p post (f) is at a maximum, said experimental probability experimental probability p post (f) being determined on the basis of said time-domain vibration signal A n and being a function of said theoretical fundamental probability p prior (f); and - during a diagnosis step: ∘ delivering an alert message indicating at least one defect in at least one element (11, 12, 13) of said bearing as a function of the values of each defect-presence frequency α̂ and of each associated reliability level p ( α̂).