A non-transitory computer-readable storage device storing computer executable instructions that when executed by a computer control the computer to perform a method for predicting coronary heart disease, the method comprising: acquiring a set of energy dependent images of a region of tissue, where the set of images includes a first energy x-ray image and a second, different energy x-ray image; generating a calcium-enhanced image of the region of tissue, where generating the calcium-enhanced image includes: generating a set of pre-decomposition images by pre-decomposition processing the set of energy dependent images, where generating the set of pre-decomposition images also includes registering the set of energy dependent images based on a parametric motion model; generating a set of selectively filtered images by selectively filtering the set of pre-decomposition images, where generating the set of selectively filtered images includes filtering the second energy x-ray image using a vesselness operator using morphological suppression; and generating a set of dual energy subtraction images by dual energy decomposing the set of selectively filtered images, where generating the set of dual energy subtraction images includes correcting the set of selectively filtered images by removing scatter from a member of the set of selectively filtered images; generating a post-decomposition image based, at least in part, on the calcium-enhanced image; computing a coronary calcium score based, at least in part, on the post-decomposition image; and computing a coronary heart disease probability based, at least in part, on the coronary calcium score, where computing the coronary calcium score includes: extracting a set of features from the post-decomposition image, where the set of features includes an exposure time feature, a vesselness filtering feature, a texture feature, a shape feature, or a curvedness feature; relating the set of features to a set of vessel-territory specific computed tomography calcium scores; and computing the coronary calcium score based, at least in part, on the relation of the set of features to the set of vessel-territory specific CT calcium scores. acquiring a set of energy dependent images of a region of tissue, where the set of images includes a first energy x-ray image and a second, different energy x-ray image; generating a calcium-enhanced image of the region of tissue, where generating the calcium-enhanced image includes: generating a set of pre-decomposition images by pre-decomposition processing the set of energy dependent images, where generating the set of pre-decomposition images also includes registering the set of energy dependent images based on a parametric motion model; generating a set of selectively filtered images by selectively filtering the set of pre-decomposition images, where generating the set of selectively filtered images includes filtering the second energy x-ray image using a vesselness operator using morphological suppression; and generating a set of dual energy subtraction images by dual energy decomposing the set of selectively filtered images, where generating the set of dual energy subtraction images includes correcting the set of selectively filtered images by removing scatter from a member of the set of selectively filtered images; generating a set of pre-decomposition images by pre-decomposition processing the set of energy dependent images, where generating the set of pre-decomposition images also includes registering the set of energy dependent images based on a parametric motion model; generating a set of selectively filtered images by selectively filtering the set of pre-decomposition images, where generating the set of selectively filtered images includes filtering the second energy x-ray image using a vesselness operator using morphological suppression; and generating a set of dual energy subtraction images by dual energy decomposing the set of selectively filtered images, where generating the set of dual energy subtraction images includes correcting the set of selectively filtered images by removing scatter from a member of the set of selectively filtered images; generating a post-decomposition image based, at least in part, on the calcium-enhanced image; computing a coronary calcium score based, at least in part, on the post-decomposition image; and computing a coronary heart disease probability based, at least in part, on the coronary calcium score, where computing the coronary calcium score includes: extracting a set of features from the post-decomposition image, where the set of features includes an exposure time feature, a vesselness filtering feature, a texture feature, a shape feature, or a curvedness feature; relating the set of features to a set of vessel-territory specific computed tomography calcium scores; and computing the coronary calcium score based, at least in part, on the relation of the set of features to the set of vessel-territory specific CT calcium scores. extracting a set of features from the post-decomposition image, where the set of features includes an exposure time feature, a vesselness filtering feature, a texture feature, a shape feature, or a curvedness feature; relating the set of features to a set of vessel-territory specific computed tomography calcium scores; and computing the coronary calcium score based, at least in part, on the relation of the set of features to the set of vessel-territory specific CT calcium scores.