A positioning method, comprising: detecting, by a first device by using a sensor, a target object that occurs within a range detectable to the sensor; and determining, according to a detection signal that is obtained when the sensor detects the target object, relative location information of the first device relative to the target object; determining, by the first device, absolute location information of the target object according to the relative location information and prestored absolute location information of the first device; wherein a second device having a communication function is disposed on each target object; wherein the sensor is a video camera or a camera; and the method further comprises: obtaining, by the first device by using the sensor, a target object identifier attached to the target object; determining, from a preset correspondence list between a target object identifier and a second-device identifier, a second-device identifier corresponding to the target object identifier; and sending, by the first device according to the determined second-device identifier by using the wireless network, the absolute location information of the target object to the second device disposed on the target object; wherein the sending the absolute location information of the target object to the second device disposed on the target object comprises: broadcasting, by the first device, a data packet by using the wireless network, wherein the data packet comprises a correspondence between a second-device identifier of each target object detected by the first device by using the sensor and absolute location information of each target object. detecting, by a first device by using a sensor, a target object that occurs within a range detectable to the sensor; and determining, according to a detection signal that is obtained when the sensor detects the target object, relative location information of the first device relative to the target object; determining, by the first device, absolute location information of the target object according to the relative location information and prestored absolute location information of the first device; wherein a second device having a communication function is disposed on each target object; wherein the sensor is a video camera or a camera; and the method further comprises: obtaining, by the first device by using the sensor, a target object identifier attached to the target object; determining, from a preset correspondence list between a target object identifier and a second-device identifier, a second-device identifier corresponding to the target object identifier; and sending, by the first device according to the determined second-device identifier by using the wireless network, the absolute location information of the target object to the second device disposed on the target object; obtaining, by the first device by using the sensor, a target object identifier attached to the target object; determining, from a preset correspondence list between a target object identifier and a second-device identifier, a second-device identifier corresponding to the target object identifier; and sending, by the first device according to the determined second-device identifier by using the wireless network, the absolute location information of the target object to the second device disposed on the target object; wherein the sending the absolute location information of the target object to the second device disposed on the target object comprises: broadcasting, by the first device, a data packet by using the wireless network, wherein the data packet comprises a correspondence between a second-device identifier of each target object detected by the first device by using the sensor and absolute location information of each target object.