A method for compensating the nonlinear distortion of an electronic component (18, 28) intended to produce an output signal linearly dependent on a signal to be converted, comprising a) converting, in the electronic component (18, 28), the signal to be converted; b) predistorting (20, 34) at least part of the input signal upstream of the electronic component (18, 28), said being set so as at least in part to compensate a nonlinear distortion of the electronic component (18, 28); and c) determining predistortion setting parameters; the method being characterized in that the determination of predistortion setting parameters comprises: c1) applying a bifrequency test signal (Fig. 6) to the electronic component (18, 28), said test signal comprising a first input signal component at a first frequency and a second input signal component at a second frequency, the level of the second input signal component being at least 10 dB lower than the level of the first input signal component, so as to obtain, at the output of the electronic component (18, 28), an output signal (Fig. 7) comprising a first output signal component at said first frequency, a second output signal component at said second frequency as well as a third output signal component at a third frequency, symmetrical to the second frequency in relation to the first frequency; c2) measuring the relative level of the second output signal component and the relative level of the third output signal component, these relative levels being measured relative to the level of the first output signal component; c3) calculating a variable indicative of dissimilarity between the spectrum of the bifrequency test signal and the output signal arising from the application of the bifrequency test signal to the electronic component (18, 28), on the basis of said measurements; c4) predistorting the test signal by adjusting the predistortion setting parameters so as to minimize said dissimilarity; the adjusted predistortion setting parameters being applied during said predistortion of at least part of the signal to be converted. a) converting, in the electronic component (18, 28), the signal to be converted; b) predistorting (20, 34) at least part of the input signal upstream of the electronic component (18, 28), said being set so as at least in part to compensate a nonlinear distortion of the electronic component (18, 28); and c) determining predistortion setting parameters; c1) applying a bifrequency test signal (Fig. 6) to the electronic component (18, 28), said test signal comprising a first input signal component at a first frequency and a second input signal component at a second frequency, the level of the second input signal component being at least 10 dB lower than the level of the first input signal component, so as to obtain, at the output of the electronic component (18, 28), an output signal (Fig. 7) comprising a first output signal component at said first frequency, a second output signal component at said second frequency as well as a third output signal component at a third frequency, symmetrical to the second frequency in relation to the first frequency; c2) measuring the relative level of the second output signal component and the relative level of the third output signal component, these relative levels being measured relative to the level of the first output signal component; c3) calculating a variable indicative of dissimilarity between the spectrum of the bifrequency test signal and the output signal arising from the application of the bifrequency test signal to the electronic component (18, 28), on the basis of said measurements; c4) predistorting the test signal by adjusting the predistortion setting parameters so as to minimize said dissimilarity;