A coding scheme indication method, comprising: obtaining, by a first device, a coding scheme indication, wherein the coding scheme indication is used to indicate a coding scheme of first data and/or a coding scheme of second data, the first data is data sent by the first device to a second device, the coding scheme of the first data is a polar coding scheme or a low-density parity-check LDPC coding scheme, the second data is data sent by the second device to the first device, and the coding scheme of the second data is a polar coding scheme or an LDPC coding scheme; and sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device, wherein a) the obtaining, by a first device, a coding scheme indication comprises: obtaining, by the first device based on a mapping relationship between a pilot sequence group and a coding scheme, a first pilot sequence corresponding to the coding scheme of the first data, wherein a pilot sequence group to which the first pilot sequence belongs is used to indicate the coding scheme of the first data; and the sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device comprises: sending, by the first device, the first pilot sequence to the second device, or b) obtaining, by the first device based on a mapping relationship between a physical resource location to which a pilot sequence is mapped and a coding scheme, a physical resource location to which a second pilot sequence corresponding to the coding scheme of the first data is mapped, wherein the physical resource location to which the second pilot sequence is mapped is used to indicate the coding scheme of the first data; and the sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device comprises: sending, by the first device, the second pilot sequence to the second device on a physical resource corresponding to the physical resource location. obtaining, by a first device, a coding scheme indication, wherein the coding scheme indication is used to indicate a coding scheme of first data and/or a coding scheme of second data, the first data is data sent by the first device to a second device, the coding scheme of the first data is a polar coding scheme or a low-density parity-check LDPC coding scheme, the second data is data sent by the second device to the first device, and the coding scheme of the second data is a polar coding scheme or an LDPC coding scheme; and sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device, a) the obtaining, by a first device, a coding scheme indication comprises: obtaining, by the first device based on a mapping relationship between a pilot sequence group and a coding scheme, a first pilot sequence corresponding to the coding scheme of the first data, wherein a pilot sequence group to which the first pilot sequence belongs is used to indicate the coding scheme of the first data; and the sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device comprises: sending, by the first device, the first pilot sequence to the second device, or obtaining, by the first device based on a mapping relationship between a pilot sequence group and a coding scheme, a first pilot sequence corresponding to the coding scheme of the first data, wherein a pilot sequence group to which the first pilot sequence belongs is used to indicate the coding scheme of the first data; and the sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device comprises: sending, by the first device, the first pilot sequence to the second device, or b) obtaining, by the first device based on a mapping relationship between a physical resource location to which a pilot sequence is mapped and a coding scheme, a physical resource location to which a second pilot sequence corresponding to the coding scheme of the first data is mapped, wherein the physical resource location to which the second pilot sequence is mapped is used to indicate the coding scheme of the first data; and the sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device comprises: sending, by the first device, the second pilot sequence to the second device on a physical resource corresponding to the physical resource location. the sending, by the first device, the coding scheme indication to the second device comprises: sending, by the first device, the second pilot sequence to the second device on a physical resource corresponding to the physical resource location.