A preprocessing module for a GNSS chip, comprising a first port, a second port, a filter unit, and a first switch unit, wherein one end of the first port is connected to the first switch unit, and the other end of the first port is suspended, or the other end of the first port is configured to connect to a first antenna of a terminal device, and the first antenna is configured to receive a first positioning signal in a first frequency band; the first switch unit is connected to the filter unit, the first switch unit has a connecting end configured to connect to a first interface, wherein the first interface is an interface corresponding to the first frequency band in the GNSS chip, and the first switch unit is configured to: connect the first port and the first interface when the other end of the first port is connected to the first antenna of the terminal device, or connect the filter unit and the first interface when the other end of the first port is suspended; one end of the second port is connected to the filter unit, the other end of the second port is configured to connect to a second antenna of the terminal device, and the second antenna is configured to: receive a first signal comprising the first positioning signal in the first frequency band and a second positioning signal in a second frequency band when the other end of the first port is suspended, or receive a second signal comprising the second positioning signal when the other end of the first port is connected to the first antenna of the terminal device; and the filter unit has a connecting end configured to connect to a second interface, wherein the second interface is an interface corresponding to the second frequency band in the GNSS chip, and the filter unit is configured to: filter the first signal when the other end of the first port is suspended, to obtain the first positioning signal and the second positioning signal, provide the first positioning signal for the first switch unit, and provide the second positioning signal for the second interface of the GNSS chip, or provide the second positioning signal in the second signal for the second interface when the other end of the first port is connected to the first antenna of the terminal device. one end of the first port is connected to the first switch unit, and the other end of the first port is suspended, or the other end of the first port is configured to connect to a first antenna of a terminal device, and the first antenna is configured to receive a first positioning signal in a first frequency band; the first switch unit is connected to the filter unit, the first switch unit has a connecting end configured to connect to a first interface, wherein the first interface is an interface corresponding to the first frequency band in the GNSS chip, and the first switch unit is configured to: connect the first port and the first interface when the other end of the first port is connected to the first antenna of the terminal device, or connect the filter unit and the first interface when the other end of the first port is suspended; one end of the second port is connected to the filter unit, the other end of the second port is configured to connect to a second antenna of the terminal device, and the second antenna is configured to: receive a first signal comprising the first positioning signal in the first frequency band and a second positioning signal in a second frequency band when the other end of the first port is suspended, or receive a second signal comprising the second positioning signal when the other end of the first port is connected to the first antenna of the terminal device; and the filter unit has a connecting end configured to connect to a second interface, wherein the second interface is an interface corresponding to the second frequency band in the GNSS chip, and the filter unit is configured to: filter the first signal when the other end of the first port is suspended, to obtain the first positioning signal and the second positioning signal, provide the first positioning signal for the first switch unit, and provide the second positioning signal for the second interface of the GNSS chip, or provide the second positioning signal in the second signal for the second interface when the other end of the first port is connected to the first antenna of the terminal device.