A banknote temporary storage device, comprising a storage roller driven by a first drive motor, a belt standby roller driven by a second drive motor and a coiling belt with two ends fixed on the storage roller and the belt standby roller respectively, the coiling belt being wound around the storage roller and the belt standby roller, and being retracted and deployed between the storage roller and the belt standby roller, wherein, the banknote temporary storage device further comprises: a first sensor, arranged at an inlet of the banknote temporary storage device and configured to detect whether a banknote enters the banknote temporary storage device; a second sensor, arranged between the first sensor and the storage roller and configured to detect whether the banknote leaves the banknote temporary storage device; a signal collecting unit, comprising a coded disk, a coded disk signal sensor and a rubber wheel, wherein the coded disk and the rubber wheel are arranged between the storage roller and the belt standby roller via a same rotating shaft and the coiling belt tightly engages with the rubber wheel and drives the rotation of the rubber wheel; and a control system, comprising a central processing unit, a calculation unit, a data storage unit and a drive control unit, wherein the calculation unit is configured to calculate radiuses of the rollers and rotating speeds of the drive motors, the data storage unit is configured to store real-time radiuses of the storage roller and the belt standby roller at an end of an operation of the banknote temporary storage device, for use when a next operation of the banknote temporary storage device is started, the drive control unit is configured to control rotating speeds of the first drive motor and the second drive motor in a real time, and the central processing unit is configured to coordinate the units of the banknote temporary storage device to control the operation of the banknote temporary storage device. a first sensor, arranged at an inlet of the banknote temporary storage device and configured to detect whether a banknote enters the banknote temporary storage device; a second sensor, arranged between the first sensor and the storage roller and configured to detect whether the banknote leaves the banknote temporary storage device; a signal collecting unit, comprising a coded disk, a coded disk signal sensor and a rubber wheel, wherein the coded disk and the rubber wheel are arranged between the storage roller and the belt standby roller via a same rotating shaft and the coiling belt tightly engages with the rubber wheel and drives the rotation of the rubber wheel; and a control system, comprising a central processing unit, a calculation unit, a data storage unit and a drive control unit, wherein the calculation unit is configured to calculate radiuses of the rollers and rotating speeds of the drive motors, the data storage unit is configured to store real-time radiuses of the storage roller and the belt standby roller at an end of an operation of the banknote temporary storage device, for use when a next operation of the banknote temporary storage device is started, the drive control unit is configured to control rotating speeds of the first drive motor and the second drive motor in a real time, and the central processing unit is configured to coordinate the units of the banknote temporary storage device to control the operation of the banknote temporary storage device.