An adaptive current-collector electrochemical system for controlling current flow between a battery and a load circuit, the battery including an anode, a cathode, and means for generating a plurality of localized currents between said anode and said cathode such that each said localized current is generated in an associated battery region, the system comprising: a plurality of contact pads arranged in a spaced-apart configuration such that, when operably connected to one of said anode and said cathode, each contact pad of said plurality of contact pads is coupled to a corresponding said battery region such that said associated localized current generated in said corresponding battery region flows through said each contact pad; a current collection substrate; and a plurality of transistors, each said transistor having a first terminal connected to an associated contact pad and a second terminal connected to the current collection substrate; a plurality of sensors, each said sensor including means for measuring an operating parameter of a corresponding said battery region, and means for generating a first sensor signal having a value set in accordance with said measurement, and a control circuit including means for comparing said first sensor signal to one or more stored target values and generating a plurality of control voltages in accordance with said comparison, each said control voltage having a voltage level determined by at least one of said first sensor signals, wherein each said control voltage controls an associated said transistor such that a localized current portion passing from said associated contact pad through said associated transistor to said current collection substrate is determined by said each control voltage, and wherein said control voltages adjust the current through each battery region if the first sensor signals are lower than or exceed the one or more stored target values. a plurality of contact pads arranged in a spaced-apart configuration such that, when operably connected to one of said anode and said cathode, each contact pad of said plurality of contact pads is coupled to a corresponding said battery region such that said associated localized current generated in said corresponding battery region flows through said each contact pad; a current collection substrate; and a plurality of transistors, each said transistor having a first terminal connected to an associated contact pad and a second terminal connected to the current collection substrate; a plurality of sensors, each said sensor including means for measuring an operating parameter of a corresponding said battery region, and means for generating a first sensor signal having a value set in accordance with said measurement, and a control circuit including means for comparing said first sensor signal to one or more stored target values and generating a plurality of control voltages in accordance with said comparison, each said control voltage having a voltage level determined by at least one of said first sensor signals, wherein each said control voltage controls an associated said transistor such that a localized current portion passing from said associated contact pad through said associated transistor to said current collection substrate is determined by said each control voltage, and wherein said control voltages adjust the current through each battery region if the first sensor signals are lower than or exceed the one or more stored target values.