A method for transmitting an initial access signal, performed by a base station, characterized in that, the method comprises: determining at least one piece of identification information of a synchronization signal block to be transmitted, wherein the synchronization signal block comprises at least two components for transmitting an initial access signal, and different components occupy different time-frequency resources of the synchronization signal block; determining initial access signals to be transmitted in respective components in the synchronization signal block, according to the identification information; and determining time-frequency resources occupied by the respective components in the synchronization signal block, and transmitting the initial access signals of the respective components over the time-frequency resources occupied by the respective components; wherein one piece of identification information of the synchronization signal block corresponds to one of the components in the synchronization signal block; or one piece of identification information of the synchronization signal block corresponds to at least two of the components in the synchronization signal block; or at least two pieces of identification information of the synchronization signal block corresponds to one of the components in the synchronization signal block; wherein determining the initial access signals to be transmitted in the respective components in the synchronization signal block, according to the identification information comprises: determining, for each component in the synchronization signal block, a sequence for an initial access signal of the component according to a part or all of bit information in identification information corresponding to the component, and generating the initial access signal of the component according to the determined sequence. determining at least one piece of identification information of a synchronization signal block to be transmitted, wherein the synchronization signal block comprises at least two components for transmitting an initial access signal, and different components occupy different time-frequency resources of the synchronization signal block; determining initial access signals to be transmitted in respective components in the synchronization signal block, according to the identification information; and determining time-frequency resources occupied by the respective components in the synchronization signal block, and transmitting the initial access signals of the respective components over the time-frequency resources occupied by the respective components; wherein one piece of identification information of the synchronization signal block corresponds to one of the components in the synchronization signal block; or one piece of identification information of the synchronization signal block corresponds to at least two of the components in the synchronization signal block; or at least two pieces of identification information of the synchronization signal block corresponds to one of the components in the synchronization signal block; wherein determining the initial access signals to be transmitted in the respective components in the synchronization signal block, according to the identification information comprises: determining, for each component in the synchronization signal block, a sequence for an initial access signal of the component according to a part or all of bit information in identification information corresponding to the component, and generating the initial access signal of the component according to the determined sequence.