A method, comprising: receiving an input 3D image, the input 3D image comprising a left eye input image frame and a right eye input image frame; generating, based on the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, a first multiplexed image frame comprising first high spatial frequency content unfiltered in a vertical direction and first reduced resolution content filtered in a horizontal direction; wherein the first high spatial frequency content in the vertical direction comprises high spatial frequency content in the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the vertical direction; wherein the first reduced resolution content in the horizontal direction comprises reduced resolution content of the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the horizontal direction; generating, based on the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, a second multiplexed image frame comprising second high spatial frequency content unfiltered in the horizontal direction and second reduced resolution content filtered in the vertical direction; wherein one of the first multiplexed image frame or the second multiplexed image frame comprises residual image data in combination with carrier image data, wherein the residual image data is generated by subtracting reference image data generated based on the other of the first multiplexed image frame or the second multiplexed image frame from input image data derived from the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame; wherein the range of the carrier image data is reduced or all carrier image data comprise pixel values of the same fixed value; wherein the second high spatial frequency content in the horizontal direction comprises high spatial frequency content of the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the horizontal direction; wherein the second reduced resolution content in the vertical direction comprises reduced resolution content of the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the vertical direction; and encoding and outputting the first multiplexed image frame and the second multiplexed image frame to represent the input 3D image. receiving an input 3D image, the input 3D image comprising a left eye input image frame and a right eye input image frame; generating, based on the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, a first multiplexed image frame comprising first high spatial frequency content unfiltered in a vertical direction and first reduced resolution content filtered in a horizontal direction; wherein the first high spatial frequency content in the vertical direction comprises high spatial frequency content in the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the vertical direction; wherein the first reduced resolution content in the horizontal direction comprises reduced resolution content of the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the horizontal direction; generating, based on the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, a second multiplexed image frame comprising second high spatial frequency content unfiltered in the horizontal direction and second reduced resolution content filtered in the vertical direction; wherein one of the first multiplexed image frame or the second multiplexed image frame comprises residual image data in combination with carrier image data, wherein the residual image data is generated by subtracting reference image data generated based on the other of the first multiplexed image frame or the second multiplexed image frame from input image data derived from the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame; wherein the range of the carrier image data is reduced or all carrier image data comprise pixel values of the same fixed value; wherein the second high spatial frequency content in the horizontal direction comprises high spatial frequency content of the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the horizontal direction; wherein the second reduced resolution content in the vertical direction comprises reduced resolution content of the LE input image frame and the RE input image frame, in the vertical direction; and encoding and outputting the first multiplexed image frame and the second multiplexed image frame to represent the input 3D image.