A waveguide display device, comprising a waveguide substrate and a first optical element, a second optical element and a third optical element coupled to the waveguide substrate, wherein the first optical element is located on a first side of the waveguide substrate, the first optical element is adjacent to a first surface of the waveguide substrate and configured to couple an incident light into the waveguide substrate, and the first surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate facing away from a human eye; the waveguide substrate is configured to couple the light coupled-in by the first optical element to the second optical element; the second optical element and the third optical element are located on a second side of the waveguide substrate; and the third optical element is configured to couple the light coupled to it by the second optical element to the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction when viewed in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the third optical element is located, and to couple the light coupled to it by the second optical element out to the human eye, and the light coupled to the second optical element continues to propagate many times between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction, characterized in that, the second optical element is adjacent to a second surface of the waveguide substrate, the second optical element is configured to couple the light coupled to it by the waveguide substrate to the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction when viewed in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the third optical element is located, and the second surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate facing the human eye, the third optical element is arranged adjacent to the first surface of the waveguide substrate. the first optical element is located on a first side of the waveguide substrate, the first optical element is adjacent to a first surface of the waveguide substrate and configured to couple an incident light into the waveguide substrate, and the first surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate facing away from a human eye; the waveguide substrate is configured to couple the light coupled-in by the first optical element to the second optical element; the second optical element and the third optical element are located on a second side of the waveguide substrate; and the third optical element is configured to couple the light coupled to it by the second optical element to the second optical element in the first direction or the second direction when viewed in the direction perpendicular to the plane where the third optical element is located, and to couple the light coupled to it by the second optical element out to the human eye, and the light coupled to the second optical element continues to propagate many times between the second optical element and the third optical element in the first direction or the second direction, characterized in that, the second optical element is adjacent to a second surface of the waveguide substrate, the second optical element is configured to couple the light coupled to it by the waveguide substrate to the third optical element in a first direction and a second direction when viewed in a direction perpendicular to a plane where the third optical element is located, and the second surface of the waveguide substrate is a surface of the waveguide substrate facing the human eye, the third optical element is arranged adjacent to the first surface of the waveguide substrate.