An automatic sample feeding device, wherein the automatic sample feeding device comprises: a feeding channel provided in a first direction and configured to support a sample rack, wherein the feeding channel is provided with a reciprocating feeding mechanism configured to move the sample rack in the feeding channel along a lengthwise direction thereof; wherein the feeding channel is further provided with a sample aspiration position for aspirating a sample in the sample rack; a loading region in communication with the feeding channel and configured to support the sample rack with its lengthwise direction along the first direction and to move the sample rack towards the feeding channel in a second direction; at least one buffer region configured to support the sample rack after sample aspiration, and/or support a sample rack storing an emergency sample; and a transfer dispatching mechanism configured to dispatch the sample rack between the at least one buffer region and the feeding channel, wherein the transfer dispatching mechanism is configured to: move the sample rack after sample aspiration from the feeding channel into the at least one buffer region to wait for a test result; move a sample rack in the at least one buffer region from the at least one buffer region into the feeding channel when the sample in the sample rack needs to be retested; or move a sample rack corresponding to an emergency instruction in the at least one buffer region from the at least one buffer region into the feeding channel when the emergency instruction inputted by a user is received, wherein the sample aspiration position of the feeding channel is located at a position between the loading region and the at least one buffer region; and the reciprocating feeding mechanism is configured to: drive the sample rack, which moves from the loading region into the feeding channel, to move to the sample aspiration position in the first direction; and drive the sample rack, which is taken out by the transfer dispatching mechanism from the at least one buffer region into the feeding channel, to move to the sample aspiration position in a direction opposite to the first direction, to bidirectionally convey the sample rack on the feeding channel. a feeding channel provided in a first direction and configured to support a sample rack, wherein the feeding channel is provided with a reciprocating feeding mechanism configured to move the sample rack in the feeding channel along a lengthwise direction thereof; wherein the feeding channel is further provided with a sample aspiration position for aspirating a sample in the sample rack; a loading region in communication with the feeding channel and configured to support the sample rack with its lengthwise direction along the first direction and to move the sample rack towards the feeding channel in a second direction; at least one buffer region configured to support the sample rack after sample aspiration, and/or support a sample rack storing an emergency sample; and a transfer dispatching mechanism configured to dispatch the sample rack between the at least one buffer region and the feeding channel, wherein the transfer dispatching mechanism is configured to: move the sample rack after sample aspiration from the feeding channel into the at least one buffer region to wait for a test result; move a sample rack in the at least one buffer region from the at least one buffer region into the feeding channel when the sample in the sample rack needs to be retested; or move a sample rack corresponding to an emergency instruction in the at least one buffer region from the at least one buffer region into the feeding channel when the emergency instruction inputted by a user is received, wherein the sample aspiration position of the feeding channel is located at a position between the loading region and the at least one buffer region; and the reciprocating feeding mechanism is configured to: drive the sample rack, which moves from the loading region into the feeding channel, to move to the sample aspiration position in the first direction; and drive the sample rack, which is taken out by the transfer dispatching mechanism from the at least one buffer region into the feeding channel, to move to the sample aspiration position in a direction opposite to the first direction, to bidirectionally convey the sample rack on the feeding channel.