A communication device being a user equipment, comprising: a determining unit, configured to determine a parallel hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, communication instruction, wherein the parallel HARQ communication instruction is used to instruct the communication device to send or receive data in a parallel HARQ manner; and a transceiver unit, configured to send or receive data in the parallel HARQ manner according to the parallel HARQ communication instruction determined by the determining unit; wherein the sending data in the parallel HARQ manner is sending multiple data packets with same content within a same transmission time interval; and the receiving data in the parallel HARQ manner is receiving multiple data packets with same content within a same transmission time interval, and performing combined decoding on the received multiple data packets with same content; characterized in that the transceiver unit is further configured to receive at least one piece of downlink control signaling before sending or receiving data in the parallel HARQ manner, wherein the at least one piece of downlink control signaling comprises a physical resource, a modulation and coding scheme, and a parallel HARQ quantity parameter that are used by the user equipment to send or receive the data in the parallel HARQ manner; and the transceiver unit is specifically configured to send or receive data in the parallel HARQ manner as follows: sending or receiving data in the parallel HARQ manner based on the physical resource, the modulation and coding scheme, and the parallel HARQ quantity parameter that are indicated in the at least one piece of downlink control signaling, wherein the parallel HARQ quantity parameter indicates a quantity of parallel HARQ transmissions to be executed for sending or receiving the data. a determining unit, configured to determine a parallel hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, communication instruction, wherein the parallel HARQ communication instruction is used to instruct the communication device to send or receive data in a parallel HARQ manner; and a transceiver unit, configured to send or receive data in the parallel HARQ manner according to the parallel HARQ communication instruction determined by the determining unit; wherein the sending data in the parallel HARQ manner is sending multiple data packets with same content within a same transmission time interval; and the receiving data in the parallel HARQ manner is receiving multiple data packets with same content within a same transmission time interval, and performing combined decoding on the received multiple data packets with same content; characterized in that the transceiver unit is further configured to receive at least one piece of downlink control signaling before sending or receiving data in the parallel HARQ manner, wherein the at least one piece of downlink control signaling comprises a physical resource, a modulation and coding scheme, and a parallel HARQ quantity parameter that are used by the user equipment to send or receive the data in the parallel HARQ manner; and the transceiver unit is specifically configured to send or receive data in the parallel HARQ manner as follows: sending or receiving data in the parallel HARQ manner based on the physical resource, the modulation and coding scheme, and the parallel HARQ quantity parameter that are indicated in the at least one piece of downlink control signaling, wherein the parallel HARQ quantity parameter indicates a quantity of parallel HARQ transmissions to be executed for sending or receiving the data.