A seismic sensor system comprising: a seismic source configured to transmit impulses into a ground subsurface; a sensor device provided proximate the ground surface, the device comprising: an elongated housing having a longitudinal axis and one end that is adapted to be input into the ground to form a connection between the ground and the elongated housing so that seismic signals transmitted though the earth will be transmitted to the elongated housing; and particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B; 210)) within the elongated housing, the particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B, 210) configured to measure translational data in a first (x; y) and third (z) direction along three orthogonal axes relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongated housing wherein the particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B) configured to measure translational data in the first direction (x; y) are spaced apart along a second direction (y; x) along the three orthogonal axes and wherein the translational data measured in the first and third directions (x; y, z) corresponds at least partially to impulses produced by actuation of the seismic source; a processor configured to receive the translational data in the first direction (x; y) and the translational data in the third direction (z) and to calculate rotation data around the third direction (z) based on a gradient of the translational data in the first direction (x; y) with respect to the second direction (y; x) and rotation data around the first direction (x; y) based on a gradient of the translational data in the third direction (z) with respect to the second direction (y; x). a seismic source configured to transmit impulses into a ground subsurface; a sensor device provided proximate the ground surface, the device comprising: an elongated housing having a longitudinal axis and one end that is adapted to be input into the ground to form a connection between the ground and the elongated housing so that seismic signals transmitted though the earth will be transmitted to the elongated housing; and particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B; 210)) within the elongated housing, the particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B, 210) configured to measure translational data in a first (x; y) and third (z) direction along three orthogonal axes relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongated housing wherein the particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B) configured to measure translational data in the first direction (x; y) are spaced apart along a second direction (y; x) along the three orthogonal axes and wherein the translational data measured in the first and third directions (x; y, z) corresponds at least partially to impulses produced by actuation of the seismic source; an elongated housing having a longitudinal axis and one end that is adapted to be input into the ground to form a connection between the ground and the elongated housing so that seismic signals transmitted though the earth will be transmitted to the elongated housing; and particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B; 210)) within the elongated housing, the particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B, 210) configured to measure translational data in a first (x; y) and third (z) direction along three orthogonal axes relative to the longitudinal axis of the elongated housing wherein the particle motion sensors (204A, 204B; 206A, 206B) configured to measure translational data in the first direction (x; y) are spaced apart along a second direction (y; x) along the three orthogonal axes and wherein the translational data measured in the first and third directions (x; y, z) corresponds at least partially to impulses produced by actuation of the seismic source; a processor configured to receive the translational data in the first direction (x; y) and the translational data in the third direction (z) and to calculate rotation data around the third direction (z) based on a gradient of the translational data in the first direction (x; y) with respect to the second direction (y; x) and rotation data around the first direction (x; y) based on a gradient of the translational data in the third direction (z) with respect to the second direction (y; x).