A lighting device comprising: - a lens array having a plurality of lenses (410a-d) and a focal surface located at a focal distance from the lens array, - a light engine with one or more light-emitting elements (435a-f) and a light exit window, and - a cover layer covering the light exit window, wherein the cover layer has a surface portion that delimits a plurality of light exit areas (442a-d), each light exit area (442a-d) having a higher transmittance than the surface portion, wherein the light exit areas (442a-d) constitute a light source array having a plurality of light sources (420a-d), each light source (420a-d) being arranged to emit light towards the lens array with a light output distributed around a primary axis (421a-d), the light sources (420a-d) together defining a light-emitting surface of the light source array, wherein the light-emitting surface of the light source array substantially coincides with the focal surface of the lens array, wherein, in a projection plane perpendicular to the primary axis (421a-d), each light source (420a-d) forms a combination (132a-p) with a closest lens, each combination (132a-p) having a displacement distance, being the distance between the projected centers of the light source (420a-d) and of its associated closest lens, with a displacement length and a displacement direction ( d) so that the lighting device has a plurality of displacement lengths and a plurality of displacement directions ( d), and wherein the plurality of displacement lengths comprises at least two different displacement lengths, and the plurality of displacement directions ( d) comprises at least two different displacement directions ( d), and wherein the surface portion of the cover layer is light-transmissive, and wherein the light exit areas (442a-d) are through openings. - a lens array having a plurality of lenses (410a-d) and a focal surface located at a focal distance from the lens array, - a light engine with one or more light-emitting elements (435a-f) and a light exit window, and - a cover layer covering the light exit window, wherein the cover layer has a surface portion that delimits a plurality of light exit areas (442a-d), each light exit area (442a-d) having a higher transmittance than the surface portion, wherein the light exit areas (442a-d) constitute a light source array having a plurality of light sources (420a-d), each light source (420a-d) being arranged to emit light towards the lens array with a light output distributed around a primary axis (421a-d), the light sources (420a-d) together defining a light-emitting surface of the light source array, wherein the light-emitting surface of the light source array substantially coincides with the focal surface of the lens array, wherein, in a projection plane perpendicular to the primary axis (421a-d), each light source (420a-d) forms a combination (132a-p) with a closest lens, each combination (132a-p) having a displacement distance, being the distance between the projected centers of the light source (420a-d) and of its associated closest lens, with a displacement length and a displacement direction ( d) so that the lighting device has a plurality of displacement lengths and a plurality of displacement directions ( d), and wherein the plurality of displacement lengths comprises at least two different displacement lengths, and the plurality of displacement directions ( d) comprises at least two different displacement directions ( d), and wherein the surface portion of the cover layer is light-transmissive, and wherein the light exit areas (442a-d) are through openings. wherein the cover layer has a surface portion that delimits a plurality of light exit areas (442a-d), each light exit area (442a-d) having a higher transmittance than the surface portion, wherein the light exit areas (442a-d) constitute a light source array having a plurality of light sources (420a-d), each light source (420a-d) being arranged to emit light towards the lens array with a light output distributed around a primary axis (421a-d), the light sources (420a-d) together defining a light-emitting surface of the light source array, wherein the light-emitting surface of the light source array substantially coincides with the focal surface of the lens array, wherein, in a projection plane perpendicular to the primary axis (421a-d), each light source (420a-d) forms a combination (132a-p) with a closest lens, each combination (132a-p) having a displacement distance, being the distance between the projected centers of the light source (420a-d) and of its associated closest lens, with a displacement length and a displacement direction ( d) so that the lighting device has a plurality of displacement lengths and a plurality of displacement directions ( d), and wherein the plurality of displacement lengths comprises at least two different displacement lengths, and the plurality of displacement directions ( d) comprises at least two different displacement directions ( d), and wherein the surface portion of the cover layer is light-transmissive, and wherein the light exit areas (442a-d) are through openings.