An optical arrangement for illuminating and hyperspectrally evaluating an object with a light source, wherein the optical arrangement comprises a light source and an optical element that is irradiated by the light source, wherein the optical arrangement further comprises an optical element that spectrally decomposes, a first detector system, a second detector system, and an evaluation unit, wherein the optical element is embodied to split pairs of uniquely assignable photons into a first light beam and a second light beam in such a way that the first light beam is incident on the first detector system and the second light beam is directed onto an object and light radiation that is reflected or scattered by the object or transmitted through the object is directed onto the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation and, from the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation, onto the second detector system, or the first light beam is directed onto the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation and, from the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation, onto the first detector system, and the light radiation that is reflected or scattered by the object or transmitted through the object is directed directly onto the second detector system, and the first detector system is embodied to provide spatially resolved detection of the first light beam, and the first detector system or the second detector system is embodied to perform spectrally resolved detection of the second light beam that is spectrally decomposed and scattered or reflected by the object or transmitted through the object, and the first and the second detector system (4, 9) are connected to an electronic evaluation unit that is embodied to carry out an assignment of the measurement signals detected in a spatially and spectrally resolved manner, and the first and the second light beam (2, 5) are spectrally, spatially, and temporally correlated. the optical element is embodied to split pairs of uniquely assignable photons into a first light beam and a second light beam in such a way that the first light beam is incident on the first detector system and the second light beam is directed onto an object and light radiation that is reflected or scattered by the object or transmitted through the object is directed onto the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation and, from the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation, onto the second detector system, or the first light beam is directed onto the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation and, from the optical element that spectrally decomposes said light radiation, onto the first detector system, and the light radiation that is reflected or scattered by the object or transmitted through the object is directed directly onto the second detector system, and the first detector system is embodied to provide spatially resolved detection of the first light beam, and the first detector system or the second detector system is embodied to perform spectrally resolved detection of the second light beam that is spectrally decomposed and scattered or reflected by the object or transmitted through the object, and the first and the second detector system (4, 9) are connected to an electronic evaluation unit that is embodied to carry out an assignment of the measurement signals detected in a spatially and spectrally resolved manner, and the first and the second light beam (2, 5) are spectrally, spatially, and temporally correlated.