A retractor configured to retract tissue, comprising: a first arm comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion configured to retain a first retractor member, the distal portion configured to rotate relative to the proximal portion about a first axis; a second arm configured to retain a second retractor member, such that rotation of the distal portion about the first axis causes the first retractor member to pivot toward or away from the second retractor member when the first retractor member and the second retractor member are coupled to the first arm and the second arm, respectively; a translating member coupled between the proximal portion and the distal portion, the translating member configured to receive a drive force that causes the translating member to bias the distal portion to pivot relative to the proximal portion about the first axis; a rotating member that is threadedly coupled to the translating member, wherein the rotating member is configured to rotate about a second axis so as to apply the drive force to the translating member, wherein the rotating member defines a threaded bore sized and configured to receive at least a portion of the translating member and wherein the translating member comprises a threaded shaft sized to be positioned within the threaded bore, the threaded shaft being configured to move along threaded bore upon rotation of the rotating member to urge the distal portion to rotate in relation to the proximal portion, characterized in that the retractor further comprises a rotating sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the rotating member, wherein the rotating sleeve rotatably connects the rotating member to the proximal portion and is configured to rotate the rotating member relative to the proximal portion when the threaded shaft moves along the threaded bore. a first arm comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion, the distal portion configured to retain a first retractor member, the distal portion configured to rotate relative to the proximal portion about a first axis; a second arm configured to retain a second retractor member, such that rotation of the distal portion about the first axis causes the first retractor member to pivot toward or away from the second retractor member when the first retractor member and the second retractor member are coupled to the first arm and the second arm, respectively; a translating member coupled between the proximal portion and the distal portion, the translating member configured to receive a drive force that causes the translating member to bias the distal portion to pivot relative to the proximal portion about the first axis; a rotating member that is threadedly coupled to the translating member, wherein the rotating member is configured to rotate about a second axis so as to apply the drive force to the translating member, wherein the rotating member defines a threaded bore sized and configured to receive at least a portion of the translating member and wherein the translating member comprises a threaded shaft sized to be positioned within the threaded bore, the threaded shaft being configured to move along threaded bore upon rotation of the rotating member to urge the distal portion to rotate in relation to the proximal portion, characterized in that the retractor further comprises a rotating sleeve surrounding at least a portion of the rotating member, wherein the rotating sleeve rotatably connects the rotating member to the proximal portion and is configured to rotate the rotating member relative to the proximal portion when the threaded shaft moves along the threaded bore.