An appearance-modifying device (10; 30; 80; 100), for modifying the visual appearance of a surface comprising: - a first substrate having a first electrode (17a, 18a; 33) arranged on a first side thereof; - a second substrate arranged opposite the first side of the first substrate, the second substrate having a second electrode (18a, 18b; 35) arranged on a side thereof facing the first substrate; - a spacer structure (13; 32) spacing apart the first and second substrates in such a way that a space between the first and second substrates is divided into a plurality of cells (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c; 101); - in each cell (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c), an optically transparent fluid having a plurality of particles (20; 20a, 20b) dispersed therein, the particles being moveable in the fluid through application of an electric field, - wherein each of the cells (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c) is configured in such a way that a distribution state of the particles (20; 20a, 20b) within the cell (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c) is controllable, by application of a voltage between the first (17a, 18a; 33) and second (18a, 18b; 35) electrodes, from a first distribution state in which the particles (20; 20a, 20b) are dispersed and an appearance of the surface covered by the appearance-modifying device (10; 30; 80) is determined by optical properties of the particles (20; 20a, 20b), to a second distribution state in which the particles (20; 20a, 20b) are concentrated to at least one of a first particle concentration site (45; 82) provided on the first substrate and a second particle concentration site (46; 84) provided on the second substrate, - the second particle concentration site (46; 84) being displaced in relation to the first particle concentration site (45; 82) in a plane parallel to the appearance-modifying device, characterized in that the first electrode is covered by a dielectric layer (34; 83) and the first particle concentration site (45; 82) is provided as an opening in the dielectric layer (34; 83), exposing a portion of the first electrode. - a first substrate having a first electrode (17a, 18a; 33) arranged on a first side thereof; - a second substrate arranged opposite the first side of the first substrate, the second substrate having a second electrode (18a, 18b; 35) arranged on a side thereof facing the first substrate; - a spacer structure (13; 32) spacing apart the first and second substrates in such a way that a space between the first and second substrates is divided into a plurality of cells (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c; 101); - in each cell (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c), an optically transparent fluid having a plurality of particles (20; 20a, 20b) dispersed therein, the particles being moveable in the fluid through application of an electric field, - wherein each of the cells (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c) is configured in such a way that a distribution state of the particles (20; 20a, 20b) within the cell (15, 16; 31a-c; 81a-c) is controllable, by application of a voltage between the first (17a, 18a; 33) and second (18a, 18b; 35) electrodes, from a first distribution state in which the particles (20; 20a, 20b) are dispersed and an appearance of the surface covered by the appearance-modifying device (10; 30; 80) is determined by optical properties of the particles (20; 20a, 20b), to a second distribution state in which the particles (20; 20a, 20b) are concentrated to at least one of a first particle concentration site (45; 82) provided on the first substrate and a second particle concentration site (46; 84) provided on the second substrate, - the second particle concentration site (46; 84) being displaced in relation to the first particle concentration site (45; 82) in a plane parallel to the appearance-modifying device,