mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
Method for optimizing performance of a multi-span optical fiber network, wherein each span has an associated optical transmission fiber connected to an associated optical amplifier, wherein gain and output power of the associated optical amplifier are respectively controlled independently, and wherein an amplifier noise figure respectively depends on the gain of the associated optical amplifier, wherein each associated optical amplifier is further connected to launch optical signals into a remainder of a corresponding optical transmission line, characterized in that the method comprises the steps of: - for each span, computing the amplifier noise figure and a non-linear noise generated in the span based on information about the span and using the computed amplifier noise figure and the computed non-linear noise to compute an optimum launch power to be launched into the span; and - optimizing performance of the multi-span optical fiber network based on the computed optimum launch powers of all spans (23,24), wherein the step of optimizing performance of the multi-span optical fiber network based on the computed optimum launch powers of all spans further comprises the step of: - separately optimizing performance of each span by setting the gain of an amplifier associated with a particular span and the output power of an amplifier associated with a span that is immediately preceding the particular span based on the computed optimum launch power of the particular span, wherein the gain of the amplifier associated with the particular span is set based on an optimum gain that is derived from the computed optimum launch power of the particular span. - for each span, computing the amplifier noise figure and a non-linear noise generated in the span based on information about the span and using the computed amplifier noise figure and the computed non-linear noise to compute an optimum launch power to be launched into the span; and - optimizing performance of the multi-span optical fiber network based on the computed optimum launch powers of all spans (23,24), - separately optimizing performance of each span by setting the gain of an amplifier associated with a particular span and the output power of an amplifier associated with a span that is immediately preceding the particular span based on the computed optimum launch power of the particular span, wherein the gain of the amplifier associated with the particular span is set based on an optimum gain that is derived from the computed optimum launch power of the particular span.
A light curtain for detecting objects in a surveillance area, having an arrangement of transmitters emitting light beams and receivers receiving light beams, wherein, when the surveillance area is free, the light beams of the transmitters pass through the surveillance area and are each guided to an associated receiver, and wherein, when an object is detected in the monitoring area, the beam path of the light beams of at least one transmitter is at least partially interrupted, and with an evaluation unit in which an object detection signal is generated as a function of the reception signals of the receivers, characterised in that light beams with different beam profiles are provided, and in that, in an alignment mode, received signals from receivers are determined as a measure of the alignment quality of the light curtain, wherein light beams with non-circular beam profiles are provided and wherein light beams with different horizontal or vertical or obliquely orientated beam profiles are provided, and wherein levels of received signals generated by light beams with the same beam profiles are summed or averaged.
A melt spun tobacco composition in flake form for oral use in a mammal made by melt spinning tobacco and at least one material which is solid at room temperature and which melts at or below 260°C (500°F), carries from 1% to 70% by weight of tobacco when processed through melt spinning, and solidifies again in less than 5 seconds after melt spinning.
Aircraft beacon light, comprising: a light source carrier, wherein the light source carrier comprises a plurality of connection fields, and a plurality of LED modules, characterized in that the plurality of connection fields form at least two polygonal connection structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j) on the light source carrier, wherein the at least two polygonal connection structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j) are nested polygonal connection structures so that the plurality of connection fields form at least two polygonal connection structures that circumscribe each other; wherein the plurality of LED modules are arranged along a particular one of the at least two polygonal connection structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j), with each of the plurality of LED modules being coupled to a respect - ive connection field of said particular one of the at least two polygonal connec - tion structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j). a light source carrier, wherein the light source carrier comprises a plurality of connection fields, and a plurality of LED modules, characterized in that the plurality of connection fields form at least two polygonal connection structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j) on the light source carrier, wherein the at least two polygonal connection structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j) are nested polygonal connection structures so that the plurality of connection fields form at least two polygonal connection structures that circumscribe each other; wherein the plurality of LED modules are arranged along a particular one of the at least two polygonal connection structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j), with each of the plurality of LED modules being coupled to a respect - ive connection field of said particular one of the at least two polygonal connec - tion structures (8a, 8b, 8c, 8d, 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h, 8i, 8j).
A stove arranged for combusting granular material, said stove comprising, a granular material combustion area including a bottom combustion surface, granular material feeding means arranged for feeding granular material up into said granular material combustion area from a granular material storage arranged beneath said granular material combustion area, wherein said granular material feeding means comprises a curving auger, the stove characterised in that said granular material feeding means further comprises an upper auger.
A composite structure comprising a structure that contains first reinforced fibers and first resin and a laminate that is disposed on at least one surface of the structure and has a plurality of layers containing second reinforced fibers and second resin, with the structure and the laminate integrated, the first reinforced fibers being discontinuous fibers and having a thickness-wise average fiber orientation angle, measured by the method of the description, in a range of 5 to 60°, the second reinforced fibers being discontinuous fibers and having a thickness-wise average fiber orientation angle, measured by the method of the description, in a range of 0 to 5°, the structure having a density in a range of 0.01 to 1 g/cm 3, the laminate having a variation in volume content of the second reinforced fibers, measured by the method of the description, in a range of 0 to 10%, each layer in the laminate having a cut, an absolute value of an angle θ between the cut and the second reinforced fibers being 2 to 25°, each layer in the laminate having substantially all the second reinforced fibers thereof divided by a cut, such that second reinforced fibers not divided by the cut have an area proportion of less than 5% in the area accounted for by the layer, and the composite structure having a protruding portion on a laminate's surface opposite from a laminate's surface in contact with the structure. the first reinforced fibers being discontinuous fibers and having a thickness-wise average fiber orientation angle, measured by the method of the description, in a range of 5 to 60°, the second reinforced fibers being discontinuous fibers and having a thickness-wise average fiber orientation angle, measured by the method of the description, in a range of 0 to 5°, the structure having a density in a range of 0.01 to 1 g/cm 3, the laminate having a variation in volume content of the second reinforced fibers, measured by the method of the description, in a range of 0 to 10%, each layer in the laminate having a cut, an absolute value of an angle θ between the cut and the second reinforced fibers being 2 to 25°, each layer in the laminate having substantially all the second reinforced fibers thereof divided by a cut, such that second reinforced fibers not divided by the cut have an area proportion of less than 5% in the area accounted for by the layer, and the composite structure having a protruding portion on a laminate's surface opposite from a laminate's surface in contact with the structure.
A flat cell (10A, 10B) to be evacuated, comprising: a power-generating element which is formed by stacking a plurality of basic units, wherein the basic unit is composed of one positive plate, one negative plate, and one separator provided between the positive and negative plates (101, 103), a sheath member (106A, 106B, 107) which is composed of an upper sheath member (106A, 106B) and a lower sheath member and accommodates the power-generating element, the upper sheath member (106A, 106B) including a flat wall in a portion accommodating the power-generating element, and positive and negative terminals (104, 105) connected to the power-generating element through a plurality of collectors (104a, 105a) and extended from the outer periphery of the sheath member (106A, 106B, 107), characterized in that the upper sheath member (106A, 106B) further includes: - a corner portion having a part vertical to the flat wall, the corner portion being molded in a position corresponding to at least a corner of the power-generating element, and - an inclined wall (112, 112A) between the part vertical to the flat wall and an outer periphery of the sheath member (106A, 106B, 107), wherein the length of the vertical part included in the corner portion is larger than the thickness of the basic unit. a power-generating element which is formed by stacking a plurality of basic units, wherein the basic unit is composed of one positive plate, one negative plate, and one separator provided between the positive and negative plates (101, 103), a sheath member (106A, 106B, 107) which is composed of an upper sheath member (106A, 106B) and a lower sheath member and accommodates the power-generating element, the upper sheath member (106A, 106B) including a flat wall in a portion accommodating the power-generating element, and positive and negative terminals (104, 105) connected to the power-generating element through a plurality of collectors (104a, 105a) and extended from the outer periphery of the sheath member (106A, 106B, 107), characterized in that the upper sheath member (106A, 106B) further includes: - a corner portion having a part vertical to the flat wall, the corner portion being molded in a position corresponding to at least a corner of the power-generating element, and - an inclined wall (112, 112A) between the part vertical to the flat wall and an outer periphery of the sheath member (106A, 106B, 107), - a corner portion having a part vertical to the flat wall, the corner portion being molded in a position corresponding to at least a corner of the power-generating element, and - an inclined wall (112, 112A) between the part vertical to the flat wall and an outer periphery of the sheath member (106A, 106B, 107), wherein the length of the vertical part included in the corner portion is larger than the thickness of the basic unit.
A method for controlling cylinder deactivation in a motor vehicle comprising the steps of: determining the availability of a cylinder deactivation mode; receiving information related to a parameter associated with an operating condition of the motor vehicle; comparing the parameter with a first predetermined prohibited range (320, 720) and a second predetermined prohibited range (326, 726), the first predetermined prohibited range having a first lower limit (L1, T1) and a first upper limit (L2, T2) and the second predetermined prohibited range having a second lower limit (L3, T3) and a second upper limit (L4, T4); the second lower limit being greater than the first upper limit; and prohibiting cylinder deactivation when the parameter is within either the first predetermined prohibited range or the second predetermined prohibited range, wherein cylinder deactivation is permitted when the parameter is above the second upper limit (L4, T4) of the second predetermined prohibited range (326, 726). determining the availability of a cylinder deactivation mode; receiving information related to a parameter associated with an operating condition of the motor vehicle; comparing the parameter with a first predetermined prohibited range (320, 720) and a second predetermined prohibited range (326, 726), the first predetermined prohibited range having a first lower limit (L1, T1) and a first upper limit (L2, T2) and the second predetermined prohibited range having a second lower limit (L3, T3) and a second upper limit (L4, T4); the second lower limit being greater than the first upper limit; and prohibiting cylinder deactivation when the parameter is within either the first predetermined prohibited range or the second predetermined prohibited range,
A subsea pipeline of pipe-in-pipe configuration, comprising: an inner pipe; an outer pipe spaced radially from the inner pipe; an annulus defined by the radial spacing between the inner and outer pipes (14, 16); a series of longitudinally-spaced outward projections that extend radially outwardly into the annulus from the inner pipe and that are movable longitudinally relative to the outer pipe; and a series of longitudinally-spaced inward projections that extend radially inwardly into the annulus from the outer pipe and that are movable longitudinally relative to the inner pipe; wherein, in use of the pipeline, the inner pipe is movable longitudinally relative to the outer pipe, hence moving the outward projections between and relative to the inward projections; wherein the longitudinal spacing between the inward and outward projections (24, 22) defines, by interlocking abutment of the inward projections with the outward projections, a range of said longitudinal movement of the inner pipe relative to the outer pipe, said range of relative longitudinal movement being delimited by a first position in which the inward projections bear against first faces of the outward projections and a second position in which the inward projections bear against second faces of the outward projections opposed longitudinally to the first faces. an inner pipe; an outer pipe spaced radially from the inner pipe; an annulus defined by the radial spacing between the inner and outer pipes (14, 16); a series of longitudinally-spaced outward projections that extend radially outwardly into the annulus from the inner pipe and that are movable longitudinally relative to the outer pipe; and a series of longitudinally-spaced inward projections that extend radially inwardly into the annulus from the outer pipe and that are movable longitudinally relative to the inner pipe; wherein, in use of the pipeline, the inner pipe is movable longitudinally relative to the outer pipe, hence moving the outward projections between and relative to the inward projections; wherein the longitudinal spacing between the inward and outward projections (24, 22) defines, by interlocking abutment of the inward projections with the outward projections, a range of said longitudinal movement of the inner pipe relative to the outer pipe, said range of relative longitudinal movement being delimited by a first position in which the inward projections bear against first faces of the outward projections and a second position in which the inward projections bear against second faces of the outward projections opposed longitudinally to the first faces.
A heat exchanger comprising: a plurality of tubes, arranged in a first and a second row (3A, 3B), and through which a refrigerant is intended to circulate; a first and a second header tank (4, 5) inside which tanks the tubes of each of the said rows emerge; the first header tank comprising a refrigerant inlet compartment into which the tubes of the first row emerge and a refrigerant outlet compartment into which the tubes of the second row emerge, the second header tank comprising at least one return compartment into which at least one tube of the first row and one tube of the second row emerge, wherein the outlet compartment has a smaller volume than the inlet compartment, characterized in that for at least part of the tubes of the second row, the outlet compartment comprises a limiting arrangement decreasing its local cross-section with respect to corresponding cross-section for the tubes of the first row in the inlet compartment, wherein the limiting arrangement is an insert abutting the inner side of outlet compartment.
A method for controlling foam in a fermentation process, the method comprising using in the fermentation process a foam control agent of formula I: wherein R 1 is a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, R 2 is hydrogen or a linear or branched alkyl group containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, provided that R 1 and R 2 together contain from 8 to 18 carbon atoms, and further provided that less than 10 mole percent of R 2 is hydrogen; R 3 is H and R 4 is ethyl; n is an average value ranging from 3 to 40; and y is an average value ranging from 0.5 to 5.
Nanoparticles of policosanol, wherein each nano-particle comprises: (a) a policosanol fraction comprising about 70% to 90 % octacosanol; and (b) a stabilizer fraction comprising tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate ("TPGS"), wherein the ratio of octacosanol:stabilizer fraction ranges from 1:1.6 to 1:2.8 and the nanoparticles have a size between 40 nm and 100 nm in diameter and wherein at least 99% of the nanoparticles have a size of less than 70 nm as determined by a light scattering method. (a) a policosanol fraction comprising about 70% to 90 % octacosanol; and (b) a stabilizer fraction comprising tocopherol polyethylene glycol succinate ("TPGS"), wherein the ratio of octacosanol:stabilizer fraction ranges from 1:1.6 to 1:2.8 and the nanoparticles have a size between 40 nm and 100 nm in diameter and wherein at least 99% of the nanoparticles have a size of less than 70 nm as determined by a light scattering method.
A transmitter comprising: a processor configured to: determine a coding scheme among a plurality of coding schemes based on a wireless channel environment, each coding scheme comprising a base preamble sequence, determine a spreading factor corresponding to the determined coding scheme, configure a preamble (310; 610) of a packet (300; 600) by repeating the base preamble sequence corresponding to the determined coding scheme a number of times equal to the determined spreading factor, and encode a payload (340; 640) of the packet (300; 600) by applying the determined coding scheme to the payload (340; 640); and a communicator configured to transmit the packet (300; 600) comprising the preamble (310; 610) and the payload (340; 640) to a receiver (120; 1500), wherein each of the plurality of coding schemes comprises a different base preamble sequence, and wherein the plurality of base preamble sequences are orthogonal to each other. a processor configured to: determine a coding scheme among a plurality of coding schemes based on a wireless channel environment, each coding scheme comprising a base preamble sequence, determine a spreading factor corresponding to the determined coding scheme, configure a preamble (310; 610) of a packet (300; 600) by repeating the base preamble sequence corresponding to the determined coding scheme a number of times equal to the determined spreading factor, and encode a payload (340; 640) of the packet (300; 600) by applying the determined coding scheme to the payload (340; 640); and determine a coding scheme among a plurality of coding schemes based on a wireless channel environment, each coding scheme comprising a base preamble sequence, determine a spreading factor corresponding to the determined coding scheme, configure a preamble (310; 610) of a packet (300; 600) by repeating the base preamble sequence corresponding to the determined coding scheme a number of times equal to the determined spreading factor, and encode a payload (340; 640) of the packet (300; 600) by applying the determined coding scheme to the payload (340; 640); and a communicator configured to transmit the packet (300; 600) comprising the preamble (310; 610) and the payload (340; 640) to a receiver (120; 1500), wherein each of the plurality of coding schemes comprises a different base preamble sequence, and wherein the plurality of base preamble sequences are orthogonal to each other.
A fin for a heat exchanger, comprising a fin element, which extends in a flow direction of a first fluid and has a wall face, around which the first fluid flows on both sides, wherein at least one flap is provided in the wall face, which flap forms a cutout, through which the first fluid can flow, in the wall face, wherein a first edge of the flap for forming the cutout is arranged spaced apart from the wall face, wherein the flap has a tab face, which is inclined with respect to the wall face and terminates at the first edge, characterized in that the tab face is connected to the wall face via at least one curved side wall of the flap, which side wall, starting from the first edge, has a height which decreases in a manner corresponding to the inclination of the tab face, wherein the first edge, at least one endface edge of the at least one side wall and a second edge of the wall face form an opening, through which the first fluid can flow and which is oriented substantially perpendicularly to the flow direction, wherein the opening has a substantially triangular shape, wherein the tab face is connected to the wall face via a third edge, the tab face is angled relative to the wall face via the third edge, and a width of the tab face reduces with increasing distance from the first edge.