A computer-implemented method to encode images, the method comprising: receiving a retargeted sequence of images having a target image resolution, wherein the retargeted sequence of images is retargeted from a source sequence of images having a source image resolution, the source image resolution having a different aspect ratio from the target image resolution; determining at least one non-linear warp function configured to generate a predicted sequence of images having the source image resolution from the retargeted sequence of images having the target image resolution, wherein the at least one non-linear warp function comprises at least one inverse warp, wherein each inverse warp comprises a quad-based warp which specifies a quad in the predicted sequence of images for each pixel of the retargeted sequence of images, wherein the at least one inverse warp is derived from a continuous parameterization, via generalized barycentric coordinates, of at least one non-linear warp function for retargeting the retargeted sequence of images from the source sequence of images; determining differences between the predicted sequence of images having the source image resolution and the source sequence of images having the source image resolution by operation of one or more computer processors; and generating a single bitstream by encoding at least three components including: (i) a first component comprising: the received retargeted sequence of images having the target image resolution; (ii) a second component comprising the at least one non-linear warp function; and (iii) a third component comprising the determined differences; wherein the single bitstream is decodable to generate a sequence of images in the target image resolution based on the first component and also decodable to generate a sequence of images in the source image resolution based on the three components; wherein the predicted sequence of images is generated via forward mapping and includes: deforming pixel shapes of the retargeted sequence of images based on the at least one inverse warp to generate a sequence of continuous images; and sampling the sequence of continuous images to generate a sequence of sampled images. receiving a retargeted sequence of images having a target image resolution, wherein the retargeted sequence of images is retargeted from a source sequence of images having a source image resolution, the source image resolution having a different aspect ratio from the target image resolution; determining at least one non-linear warp function configured to generate a predicted sequence of images having the source image resolution from the retargeted sequence of images having the target image resolution, wherein the at least one non-linear warp function comprises at least one inverse warp, wherein each inverse warp comprises a quad-based warp which specifies a quad in the predicted sequence of images for each pixel of the retargeted sequence of images, wherein the at least one inverse warp is derived from a continuous parameterization, via generalized barycentric coordinates, of at least one non-linear warp function for retargeting the retargeted sequence of images from the source sequence of images; determining differences between the predicted sequence of images having the source image resolution and the source sequence of images having the source image resolution by operation of one or more computer processors; and generating a single bitstream by encoding at least three components including: (i) a first component comprising: the received retargeted sequence of images having the target image resolution; (ii) a second component comprising the at least one non-linear warp function; and (iii) a third component comprising the determined differences; (i) a first component comprising: the received retargeted sequence of images having the target image resolution; (ii) a second component comprising the at least one non-linear warp function; and (iii) a third component comprising the determined differences; wherein the single bitstream is decodable to generate a sequence of images in the target image resolution based on the first component and also decodable to generate a sequence of images in the source image resolution based on the three components; wherein the predicted sequence of images is generated via forward mapping and includes: deforming pixel shapes of the retargeted sequence of images based on the at least one inverse warp to generate a sequence of continuous images; and sampling the sequence of continuous images to generate a sequence of sampled images. deforming pixel shapes of the retargeted sequence of images based on the at least one inverse warp to generate a sequence of continuous images; and sampling the sequence of continuous images to generate a sequence of sampled images.