A method for controlling a fan, comprising: turning off a first bridge arm group in an inverter of the fan, the first bridge arm group being one of an upper bridge arm group and a lower bridge arm group in the inverter; applying a preset driving signal to a second bridge arm group in the inverter, the second bridge arm group being the other of an upper bridge arm group and a lower bridge arm group in the inverter; detecting an electrical signal of a stator of the fan after the preset driving signal is applied; determining an initial state of the fan according to the electrical signal of the stator of the fan, wherein the initial state of the fan comprises a downwind forward state, a static start state, or an upwind reverse state; and providing the fan with a control signal matching the initial state of the fan according to the initial state of the fan, characterized by comprising: determining whether a current bus voltage of the fan is less than a preset voltage amplitude of Vmin+V 1 when the initial state of the fan is the static start state, wherein V min is a protection threshold against excessively low bus voltage, and V 1 is a residual voltage under a normal condition of a voltage protection value of the bus, and performing a closed loop control on the current bus voltage if the current bus voltage is less than the preset voltage amplitude, wherein a control switch is pulled into the voltage stage, thereby implementing parallel operation of stable control of the bus voltage and field-oriented control control of a pre-given current of an electric motor. turning off a first bridge arm group in an inverter of the fan, the first bridge arm group being one of an upper bridge arm group and a lower bridge arm group in the inverter; applying a preset driving signal to a second bridge arm group in the inverter, the second bridge arm group being the other of an upper bridge arm group and a lower bridge arm group in the inverter; detecting an electrical signal of a stator of the fan after the preset driving signal is applied; determining an initial state of the fan according to the electrical signal of the stator of the fan, wherein the initial state of the fan comprises a downwind forward state, a static start state, or an upwind reverse state; and providing the fan with a control signal matching the initial state of the fan according to the initial state of the fan, characterized by comprising: determining whether a current bus voltage of the fan is less than a preset voltage amplitude of Vmin+V 1 when the initial state of the fan is the static start state, wherein V min is a protection threshold against excessively low bus voltage, and V 1 is a residual voltage under a normal condition of a voltage protection value of the bus, and performing a closed loop control on the current bus voltage if the current bus voltage is less than the preset voltage amplitude, wherein a control switch is pulled into the voltage stage, thereby implementing parallel operation of stable control of the bus voltage and field-oriented control control of a pre-given current of an electric motor. determining whether a current bus voltage of the fan is less than a preset voltage amplitude of Vmin+V 1 when the initial state of the fan is the static start state, wherein V min is a protection threshold against excessively low bus voltage, and V 1 is a residual voltage under a normal condition of a voltage protection value of the bus, and performing a closed loop control on the current bus voltage if the current bus voltage is less than the preset voltage amplitude, wherein a control switch is pulled into the voltage stage, thereby implementing parallel operation of stable control of the bus voltage and field-oriented control control of a pre-given current of an electric motor.