Method for detecting wrong-way drivers, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: reading in position data via an interface, wherein the position data represent a position of the vehicle measured using a sensor arranged in a vehicle; reading in map data representing a set of road elements (930, 932, 934) of a road network that can be used by the vehicle; determining a plurality of particles using the position data, wherein a particle represents an assumed position of the vehicle and a weighting associated with the assumed position; and determining at least one road element from the set of road elements (930, 932, 934), which is plausible with respect to use by the vehicle, on the basis of the plurality of particles using a particle filter, wherein the determining steps (205, 207) are carried out using a computing unit for processing signals or data; providing a wrong-way driving signal using the at least one possible road element, wherein the wrong-way driving signal indicates whether or not there is wrong-way driving of the vehicle, characterized in that, in the step of determining the plausible road element, road elements from the set of road elements (930, 932, 934) which extend at a short distance from one another are excluded from the determination of the at least one plausible road element or are used as a combined road element when determining the at least one plausible road element, wherein road elements extending at a short distance from one another are those road elements which are closer to one another than a predefined reference distance or are road elements which are in a junction area of a motorway, and wherein a combined road element is a road element that can be used in both directions of travel. reading in position data via an interface, wherein the position data represent a position of the vehicle measured using a sensor arranged in a vehicle; reading in map data representing a set of road elements (930, 932, 934) of a road network that can be used by the vehicle; determining a plurality of particles using the position data, wherein a particle represents an assumed position of the vehicle and a weighting associated with the assumed position; and determining at least one road element from the set of road elements (930, 932, 934), which is plausible with respect to use by the vehicle, on the basis of the plurality of particles using a particle filter, wherein the determining steps (205, 207) are carried out using a computing unit for processing signals or data; providing a wrong-way driving signal using the at least one possible road element, wherein the wrong-way driving signal indicates whether or not there is wrong-way driving of the vehicle, characterized in that, in the step of determining the plausible road element, road elements from the set of road elements (930, 932, 934) which extend at a short distance from one another are excluded from the determination of the at least one plausible road element or are used as a combined road element when determining the at least one plausible road element, wherein road elements extending at a short distance from one another are those road elements which are closer to one another than a predefined reference distance or are road elements which are in a junction area of a motorway, and wherein a combined road element is a road element that can be used in both directions of travel.