A biological feature data detection method, comprising: determining, based on a first illumination environment parameter in an ambient environment at a biological feature registration stage and a second illumination environment parameter in an ambient environment at a biological feature matching stage, an ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage; and adjusting a quality influence factor of biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage according to the ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage so that at least one of image clarity and noise of a biological feature image obtained from the biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage approximates at least one of image clarity and noise of a biological feature image obtained from the biological feature data at the biological feature registration stage, and detecting the biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage, wherein the biological feature data is sensed by a sensing unit, and the adjusting a quality influence factor of biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage according to the ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage comprises: adjusting an operation parameter of the sensing unit at the biological feature matching stage according to the ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage and an operation parameter of the sensing unit at the biological feature registration stage, wherein the operation parameter of the sensing unit comprises at least one of an ADC gain coefficient and an exposure time of the sensing unit. determining, based on a first illumination environment parameter in an ambient environment at a biological feature registration stage and a second illumination environment parameter in an ambient environment at a biological feature matching stage, an ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage; and adjusting a quality influence factor of biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage according to the ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage so that at least one of image clarity and noise of a biological feature image obtained from the biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage approximates at least one of image clarity and noise of a biological feature image obtained from the biological feature data at the biological feature registration stage, and detecting the biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage, wherein the biological feature data is sensed by a sensing unit, and the adjusting a quality influence factor of biological feature data at the biological feature matching stage according to the ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage comprises: adjusting an operation parameter of the sensing unit at the biological feature matching stage according to the ambient illumination environment variation factor at the biological feature matching stage relative to the biological feature registration stage and an operation parameter of the sensing unit at the biological feature registration stage, wherein the operation parameter of the sensing unit comprises at least one of an ADC gain coefficient and an exposure time of the sensing unit.