A Lithium-ion battery system, comprising: - a battery module, comprising: - a plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein each electrochemical cell of the plurality of electrochemical cells is a Lithium-ion electrochemical cell; - a housing that houses the plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein the housing comprises a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; - a heat sink coupled with the second side of the housing: and - a thermal interface disposed between, and in contact with, the heat sink and the plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein the thermal interface physically contacts base ends of the plurality of electrochemical cells opposite to terminal ends of the plurality of electrochemical cells comprising terminals; and characterized by: - a cage disposed about the housing, the cage having a cage side positioned next to the second side of the housing of the battery module and having a plurality of openings disposed in a portion of the cage side, wherein the plurality of openings enable air to be drawn through the plurality of openings from an area external to the cage such that the air enters into the cage and passes over the heat sink of the battery module along a path extending from a first end of the heat sink to a second end of the heat sink, wherein the path is aligned with Earth's gravitational force, and wherein the cage side of the cage, the second side of the housing and the portion of the cage side are relatively positioned with respect to each other such that the air is drawn through the plurality of openings and along the path via a chimney effect. - a battery module, comprising: - a plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein each electrochemical cell of the plurality of electrochemical cells is a Lithium-ion electrochemical cell; - a housing that houses the plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein the housing comprises a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; - a heat sink coupled with the second side of the housing: and - a thermal interface disposed between, and in contact with, the heat sink and the plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein the thermal interface physically contacts base ends of the plurality of electrochemical cells opposite to terminal ends of the plurality of electrochemical cells comprising terminals; and characterized by: - a plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein each electrochemical cell of the plurality of electrochemical cells is a Lithium-ion electrochemical cell; - a housing that houses the plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein the housing comprises a first side and a second side opposite to the first side; - a heat sink coupled with the second side of the housing: and - a thermal interface disposed between, and in contact with, the heat sink and the plurality of electrochemical cells, wherein the thermal interface physically contacts base ends of the plurality of electrochemical cells opposite to terminal ends of the plurality of electrochemical cells comprising terminals; and characterized by: - a cage disposed about the housing, the cage having a cage side positioned next to the second side of the housing of the battery module and having a plurality of openings disposed in a portion of the cage side, wherein the plurality of openings enable air to be drawn through the plurality of openings from an area external to the cage such that the air enters into the cage and passes over the heat sink of the battery module along a path extending from a first end of the heat sink to a second end of the heat sink, wherein the path is aligned with Earth's gravitational force, and wherein the cage side of the cage, the second side of the housing and the portion of the cage side are relatively positioned with respect to each other such that the air is drawn through the plurality of openings and along the path via a chimney effect.