A battery comprising: a stack of a plurality of electrode units in a stacking direction, the stack comprising: a first electrode unit; a second electrode unit stacked on top of the first electrode unit in the stacking direction; and a first electrolyte layer provided between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit, wherein the first electrode unit comprises: a first electrode substrate; and a first active layer on a first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the first active layer includes at least a first active portion on a first portion of the first side and a second active portion on a second portion of the first side, wherein the first active portion of the first active layer extends to a first height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the second active portion of the first active layer extends to a second height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, and wherein the first height is different than the second height; wherein the first active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a first active material and the second active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a second active material, wherein the first active material is different than the second active material. a stack of a plurality of electrode units in a stacking direction, the stack comprising: a first electrode unit; a second electrode unit stacked on top of the first electrode unit in the stacking direction; and a first electrolyte layer provided between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit, wherein the first electrode unit comprises: a first electrode substrate; and a first active layer on a first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the first active layer includes at least a first active portion on a first portion of the first side and a second active portion on a second portion of the first side, wherein the first active portion of the first active layer extends to a first height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the second active portion of the first active layer extends to a second height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, and wherein the first height is different than the second height; wherein the first active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a first active material and the second active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a second active material, wherein the first active material is different than the second active material. a first electrode unit; a second electrode unit stacked on top of the first electrode unit in the stacking direction; and a first electrolyte layer provided between the first electrode unit and the second electrode unit, wherein the first electrode unit comprises: a first electrode substrate; and a first active layer on a first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the first active layer includes at least a first active portion on a first portion of the first side and a second active portion on a second portion of the first side, wherein the first active portion of the first active layer extends to a first height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the second active portion of the first active layer extends to a second height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, and wherein the first height is different than the second height; wherein the first active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a first active material and the second active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a second active material, wherein the first active material is different than the second active material. a first electrode substrate; and a first active layer on a first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the first active layer includes at least a first active portion on a first portion of the first side and a second active portion on a second portion of the first side, wherein the first active portion of the first active layer extends to a first height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, wherein the second active portion of the first active layer extends to a second height above the first side of the first electrode substrate, and wherein the first height is different than the second height; wherein the first active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a first active material and the second active portion of the first active layer comprises at least a second active material, wherein the first active material is different than the second active material.