An electrolyte comprising: an alkali metal salt; a polar aprotic solvent; and a redox shuttle comprising 1,4-bis(2-methoxy)ethoxy-2,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene; 9,10-di-oligo(ethylene glycol)-1,4:5,8-dimethano-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene; 9,10-di-oligo(ethylene glycol)-1,4:5,8-diethano-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene; or a compound of Formula III wherein: the electrolyte solution is non-aqueous; and Formula III is: R 1 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 2 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 3 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 4 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; and X and Z are independently a group of Formula A: wherein: R 5 and R 6 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 7 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; n is an integer from 1 to 8; m is an integer from 1 to 13. an alkali metal salt; a polar aprotic solvent; and a redox shuttle comprising 1,4-bis(2-methoxy)ethoxy-2,5-di-tert-butyl-benzene; 9,10-di-oligo(ethylene glycol)-1,4:5,8-dimethano-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene; 9,10-di-oligo(ethylene glycol)-1,4:5,8-diethano-1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8-octahydroanthracene; or a compound of Formula III wherein: the electrolyte solution is non-aqueous; and Formula III is: R 1 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 2 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 3 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 4 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; and X and Z are independently a group of Formula A: wherein: R 5 and R 6 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 7 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; n is an integer from 1 to 8; m is an integer from 1 to 13. the electrolyte solution is non-aqueous; and Formula III is: R 1 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 2 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 3 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 4 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; and X and Z are independently a group of Formula A: wherein: R 5 and R 6 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 7 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; n is an integer from 1 to 8; m is an integer from 1 to 13. R 1 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 2 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 3 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 4 is H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; and X and Z are independently a group of Formula A: wherein: R 5 and R 6 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 7 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; n is an integer from 1 to 8; m is an integer from 1 to 13. R 5 and R 6 are independently H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO 2, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; R 7 is H, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, phosphate, or polyether; n is an integer from 1 to 8; m is an integer from 1 to 13.