A biological observation apparatus comprising: a macro-image acquisition unit capable to acquire a macro image of an observation region that includes a biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B); and a micro-image acquisition unit capable to acquire a micro image (3, 3A, 3B) of the biological specimen (1, A, 1B); an identification-information storing unit capable to store identification information of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) which is moving and which is observed as a target; a biological-specimen specifying unit capable to extract identification information of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) included in the macro image by performing image processing on the macro image acquired by the macro-image acquisition unit and capable to specify the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) for which the extracted identification information corresponds to the identification information stored in the identification-information storing unit; and characterized by: an adjuster capable to adjust relative positions of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) and the viewing range of the micro image (3, 3A, 3B) such that the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) specified by the biological-specimen specifying unit is included in the viewing range of the micro image (3, 3A, 3B), wherein the adjuster is configured to repeatedly adjust the relative positions in this manner so that the micro image can be tracked in accordance with a movement of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 2B). a macro-image acquisition unit capable to acquire a macro image of an observation region that includes a biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B); and a micro-image acquisition unit capable to acquire a micro image (3, 3A, 3B) of the biological specimen (1, A, 1B); an identification-information storing unit capable to store identification information of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) which is moving and which is observed as a target; a biological-specimen specifying unit capable to extract identification information of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) included in the macro image by performing image processing on the macro image acquired by the macro-image acquisition unit and capable to specify the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) for which the extracted identification information corresponds to the identification information stored in the identification-information storing unit; and characterized by: an adjuster capable to adjust relative positions of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) and the viewing range of the micro image (3, 3A, 3B) such that the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) specified by the biological-specimen specifying unit is included in the viewing range of the micro image (3, 3A, 3B), wherein the adjuster is configured to repeatedly adjust the relative positions in this manner so that the micro image can be tracked in accordance with a movement of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 2B). an adjuster capable to adjust relative positions of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) and the viewing range of the micro image (3, 3A, 3B) such that the biological specimen (1, 1A, 1B) specified by the biological-specimen specifying unit is included in the viewing range of the micro image (3, 3A, 3B), wherein the adjuster is configured to repeatedly adjust the relative positions in this manner so that the micro image can be tracked in accordance with a movement of the biological specimen (1, 1A, 2B).