Method of aerobic biological treatment of urban or industrial wastewater for the reduction of biodegradable carbonaceous matter and the oxidation of ammonium, process in which the water to be treated flows in plug flow between an inlet 2 and an outlet 3, and air supplies by nozzles 5 distributed along the length of the tank are distributed under the flow of water and are supplied by at least one source of air, the flow of this source being modulated according to at least one treatment parameter, the nutrient concentration (carbon and/or NH4) in the water to be treated being measured by a sensor continuously at the inlet 2, the flow of the air supplies being modulated according to the measured nutrient concentration (carbon and/or NH4), and the nutrient concentration (carbon and/or NH4) in the water during treatment being measured by a sensor at a point in the course of the treatment, especially in the halfway of course of the treatment, so as to integrate the degree of elimination effectively achieved to modulate the air flow, wherein the air flow is calculated by a control unit 17 according to: a formula taking into account the nutrient concentration(carbon and/or NH4) at the inlet of the plug flow NutrInlet and at a point of the treatment NutrCourse, particurlarly the halfway, D 1 → Qair = Qmin + B * NutrInlet + C NutrCourse − E * NutrInlet with, nutrient concentration in mg/l, Qmin in Nm 3 /h, Qmin being between 2 and 6 Nm 3 /h/m 2 ∗ surface of aerated tank in m 2, B in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, B being between 400 and 1000, advantageously equal to 700 C in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, C being between 150 and 600 in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, according to the configuration, and E being unitless and between 0.5 and 0.8, or a formula taking into account on the one hand the flow of air Qair-1, applied at the time t-1, and on the other hand the variation pNutrInlet in nutrient concentration (carbon and/or NH4) as a function of time, at the inlet of the plug flow, and the variation in the degree of nutrient elimination (carbon and/or NH4) over a point in the course, especially in the first halfway of the plug flow, D 2 → Qair = Qair − 1 + F * pNutrInlet + G * p NutrCourse − E * NutrInlet with Qair-1 equal to the air flow applied at t-1 (t-1 minute), pNutrInlet, the variation in nutrient concentration at the inlet of the plug flow, p(NutrCourse - E ∗ NutrInlet), the variation in the degree of nutrient reduction (carbon and/or NH4) at a point in the course, especially in the first halfway of the plug flow, F in Nm 3 /h/mg/l/min, F being between 6000 and 12 000, advantageously equal to 8000, G in Nm 3 /h/mg/l/min, G being between 1 and 10, advantageously equal to 5, E being unitless and between 0.5 and 0.8, the computation unit 17 sending in output 18 an instruction to a circuit 19 converting the information originating from the output 18 into a signal for controlling the regulation of the air supply in the nozzles 5 by a valve 8 or by the modulation of the flow from the source of air A. a formula taking into account the nutrient concentration(carbon and/or NH4) at the inlet of the plug flow NutrInlet and at a point of the treatment NutrCourse, particurlarly the halfway, D 1 → Qair = Qmin + B * NutrInlet + C NutrCourse − E * NutrInlet with, nutrient concentration in mg/l, Qmin in Nm 3 /h, Qmin being between 2 and 6 Nm 3 /h/m 2 ∗ surface of aerated tank in m 2, B in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, B being between 400 and 1000, advantageously equal to 700 C in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, C being between 150 and 600 in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, according to the configuration, and E being unitless and between 0.5 and 0.8, or nutrient concentration in mg/l, Qmin in Nm 3 /h, Qmin being between 2 and 6 Nm 3 /h/m 2 ∗ surface of aerated tank in m 2, B in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, B being between 400 and 1000, advantageously equal to 700 C in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, C being between 150 and 600 in Nm 3 /h/mg/l, according to the configuration, and E being unitless and between 0.5 and 0.8, a formula taking into account on the one hand the flow of air Qair-1, applied at the time t-1, and on the other hand the variation pNutrInlet in nutrient concentration (carbon and/or NH4) as a function of time, at the inlet of the plug flow, and the variation in the degree of nutrient elimination (carbon and/or NH4) over a point in the course, especially in the first halfway of the plug flow, D 2 → Qair = Qair − 1 + F * pNutrInlet + G * p NutrCourse − E * NutrInlet with Qair-1 equal to the air flow applied at t-1 (t-1 minute), pNutrInlet, the variation in nutrient concentration at the inlet of the plug flow, p(NutrCourse - E ∗ NutrInlet), the variation in the degree of nutrient reduction (carbon and/or NH4) at a point in the course, especially in the first halfway of the plug flow, F in Nm 3 /h/mg/l/min, F being between 6000 and 12 000, advantageously equal to 8000, G in Nm 3 /h/mg/l/min, G being between 1 and 10, advantageously equal to 5, E being unitless and between 0.5 and 0.8, the computation unit 17 sending in output 18 an instruction to a circuit 19 converting the information originating from the output 18 into a signal for controlling the regulation of the air supply in the nozzles 5 by a valve 8 or by the modulation of the flow from the source of air A.