a A method of operating an ophthalmoscope simulator for simulating the manual manipulation of an ophthalmoscope, comprising b a support (1.5) which can be attached to the head of an observer, on which support at least one first imaging display (1.4) is arranged, b1 wherein the display (1.4) can be positioned in front of one eye (3.1) of the observer for the purposes of representing a virtual reality, b2 wherein at least one video camera (1.2) for generating video images (1.3) of the real surroundings is provided on the support (1.5), c a position recognition system whereby the spatial position and relative position of the support (1.5) can be determined, d and a computer on which images (1.3) of the real surroundings generated by the at least one video camera can be displayed to the observer on the display (1.4), e wherein an ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and a patient head dummy are provided, e1 and the patient head dummy has at least one peripheral surface (2.4) which replicates a facial shape and has a patient eye position (2.1) located therein, on which the hand can be supported, f wherein the spatial position and relative position of the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and of the patient head dummy can be determined by means of the position recognition system, g wherein an image component (2.2) can be incorporated into the image (1.3) of the real surroundings displayed to the observer, h wherein - the spatial position and relative position of the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and of the patient head dummy and the support (1.5) are determined by means of the position recognition system, i and as a function of the relative position of these three objects (1.1, 1.2, 1.5) i1 an image (1.3) of the real surroundings generated by the at least one video camera and concerning the patient head dummy and the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) is displayed on the display (1.4), and i2 the image component (2.2) is incorporated into the displayed image (1.3) of the real surroundings, instead of the ophthalmoscope lens dummy (1.1), wherein the incorporated image component (2.2) represents a virtual retina and/or virtual surroundings as they would be seen by the observer through the ophthalmoscope held by him if it were an appropriate instrument, i3 wherein - the incorporated image component (2.2) only represents the virtual retina if the relative position between the support (1.5) and the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and the patient head dummy satisfies predetermined realistic conditions; k wherein the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) is a dummy for a lens (1.1) of an indirect ophthalmoscope or a dummy for a direct ophthalmoscope. a A method of operating an ophthalmoscope simulator for simulating the manual manipulation of an ophthalmoscope, comprising b a support (1.5) which can be attached to the head of an observer, on which support at least one first imaging display (1.4) is arranged, b1 wherein the display (1.4) can be positioned in front of one eye (3.1) of the observer for the purposes of representing a virtual reality, b2 wherein at least one video camera (1.2) for generating video images (1.3) of the real surroundings is provided on the support (1.5), c a position recognition system whereby the spatial position and relative position of the support (1.5) can be determined, d and a computer on which images (1.3) of the real surroundings generated by the at least one video camera can be displayed to the observer on the display (1.4), e wherein an ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and a patient head dummy are provided, e1 and the patient head dummy has at least one peripheral surface (2.4) which replicates a facial shape and has a patient eye position (2.1) located therein, on which the hand can be supported, f wherein the spatial position and relative position of the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and of the patient head dummy can be determined by means of the position recognition system, g wherein an image component (2.2) can be incorporated into the image (1.3) of the real surroundings displayed to the observer, h wherein - the spatial position and relative position of the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and of the patient head dummy and the support (1.5) are determined by means of the position recognition system, - the spatial position and relative position of the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and of the patient head dummy and the support (1.5) are determined by means of the position recognition system, i and as a function of the relative position of these three objects (1.1, 1.2, 1.5) i1 an image (1.3) of the real surroundings generated by the at least one video camera and concerning the patient head dummy and the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) is displayed on the display (1.4), and i2 the image component (2.2) is incorporated into the displayed image (1.3) of the real surroundings, instead of the ophthalmoscope lens dummy (1.1), wherein the incorporated image component (2.2) represents a virtual retina and/or virtual surroundings as they would be seen by the observer through the ophthalmoscope held by him if it were an appropriate instrument, i3 wherein - the incorporated image component (2.2) only represents the virtual retina if the relative position between the support (1.5) and the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and the patient head dummy satisfies predetermined realistic conditions; - the incorporated image component (2.2) only represents the virtual retina if the relative position between the support (1.5) and the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) and the patient head dummy satisfies predetermined realistic conditions; k wherein the ophthalmoscope dummy (1.1) is a dummy for a lens (1.1) of an indirect ophthalmoscope or a dummy for a direct ophthalmoscope.