Method for monitoring the derailment of at least one wheel of a running gear of a rail vehicle, in which - in dependence of the result of a comparison of signals available in the rail vehicle, a derailment situation signal is generated which is representative of a derailment situation of the at least one wheel (103.2), wherein - in a first step, a current rotation speed signal is determined which is representative of a current rotation speed of the at least one wheel (103.2), - in a second step, an expected rotation speed signal representative of a currently expected rotation speed of the at least one wheel (103.2) is determined from at least one signal available in the rail vehicle and representative of the current driving state of the rail vehicle, - in a third step, in a rotation speed signal comparison, the current rotation speed signal is compared with the expected rotation speed signal, and - in a fourth step, as a function of the result of the rotation speed signal comparison, the derailment situation signal is generated, wherein, - as a function of a rotation speed signal deviation of the current speed signal from the expected rotation speed signal, a derailment risk signal is generated, which is representative of the derailment risk of the wheel (103.2), wherein - in the event that the rotation speed signal deviation exceeds a predefinable derailment threshold, a derailment signal is generated which is representative of the presence of a derailment of the wheel (103.2), characterized in that - the derailment signal is generated, if a predefinable variation frequency of the current rotation speed signal is exceeded, and/or - the derailment signal is generated, if a predefinable variation amplitude of the current rotation speed signal is exceeded. - in dependence of the result of a comparison of signals available in the rail vehicle, a derailment situation signal is generated which is representative of a derailment situation of the at least one wheel (103.2), wherein - in a first step, a current rotation speed signal is determined which is representative of a current rotation speed of the at least one wheel (103.2), - in a second step, an expected rotation speed signal representative of a currently expected rotation speed of the at least one wheel (103.2) is determined from at least one signal available in the rail vehicle and representative of the current driving state of the rail vehicle, - in a third step, in a rotation speed signal comparison, the current rotation speed signal is compared with the expected rotation speed signal, and - in a fourth step, as a function of the result of the rotation speed signal comparison, the derailment situation signal is generated, wherein, - as a function of a rotation speed signal deviation of the current speed signal from the expected rotation speed signal, a derailment risk signal is generated, which is representative of the derailment risk of the wheel (103.2), wherein - in the event that the rotation speed signal deviation exceeds a predefinable derailment threshold, a derailment signal is generated which is representative of the presence of a derailment of the wheel (103.2), - the derailment signal is generated, if a predefinable variation frequency of the current rotation speed signal is exceeded, and/or - the derailment signal is generated, if a predefinable variation amplitude of the current rotation speed signal is exceeded.