A medical-surgical device for colo-proctological pathologies, comprising - a retractor body, having a direction of development along a prevalent axis (X-X), exhibiting a distal end, insertable in the anal cavity, and a proximal end; - a handle, connected to the retractor body at the proximal end for facilitating manoeuvrability of the retractor body internally of the anal cavity; - illuminating means for generating a light beam directed from the proximal end towards the distal end; wherein the retractor body exhibits a first internal surface, confining internally thereof a volume for inspection or for operating in the anal cavity, and a second external surface in contact with the anal cavity when the retractor body is inserted therein, and wherein the retractor body comprises a cavity afforded internally of a protuberance, said cavity exhibiting a closed front side, fashioned internally of the retractor body, an open rear side, communicating with outside of the retractor body at the proximal end, and a laterally-developing wall conjoining the front side with the rear side, the handle comprising a first element, solidly constrained to the retractor body, and a second element, couplable to the first element, the second element exhibiting a termination destined to close the open rear side of the cavity, the illuminating means being entirely contained internally of the cavity for generating the light beam directly internally of the retractor body, so as to train the light beam, which develops internally of the protuberance, becoming channelled between the first internal surface and the second external surface, the retractor body being defined by a first section and a second section, characterized in that the retractor body extends along said prevalent axis (X-X) from the distal end with a cylindrical section, defined by the first section, and continues with a truncated cone section, with a broadening of the cross section defined by the second section terminating with the proximal end, the protuberance being present on the internal surface, at the proximal end, and being defined by an extension of the first internal surface away from the second external surface. - a retractor body, having a direction of development along a prevalent axis (X-X), exhibiting a distal end, insertable in the anal cavity, and a proximal end; - a handle, connected to the retractor body at the proximal end for facilitating manoeuvrability of the retractor body internally of the anal cavity; - illuminating means for generating a light beam directed from the proximal end towards the distal end; wherein the retractor body exhibits a first internal surface, confining internally thereof a volume for inspection or for operating in the anal cavity, and a second external surface in contact with the anal cavity when the retractor body is inserted therein, and wherein the retractor body comprises a cavity afforded internally of a protuberance, said cavity exhibiting a closed front side, fashioned internally of the retractor body, an open rear side, communicating with outside of the retractor body at the proximal end, and a laterally-developing wall conjoining the front side with the rear side, the handle comprising a first element, solidly constrained to the retractor body, and a second element, couplable to the first element, the second element exhibiting a termination destined to close the open rear side of the cavity, the illuminating means being entirely contained internally of the cavity for generating the light beam directly internally of the retractor body, so as to train the light beam, which develops internally of the protuberance, becoming channelled between the first internal surface and the second external surface, the retractor body being defined by a first section and a second section, characterized in that the retractor body extends along said prevalent axis (X-X) from the distal end with a cylindrical section, defined by the first section, and continues with a truncated cone section, with a broadening of the cross section defined by the second section terminating with the proximal end, the protuberance being present on the internal surface, at the proximal end, and being defined by an extension of the first internal surface away from the second external surface.