An encoder, comprising: an analog sampling circuit, an analog-to-digital conversion module, a digital signal processing module and a communication module, wherein the analog sampling circuit is configured to acquire an analog sampling signal carrying electric machine rotor position information; the analog-to-digital conversion module is configured to convert the analog sampling signal to a digital sampling signal comprising multiple digital sampling points; the digital signal processing module is configured to process the digital sampling signal, to obtain a first processing signal, wherein a sampling rate of the first processing signal is a first sampling rate; the communication module is configured to communicate with an electric machine driver, wherein the encoder further comprises: an upsampling processing module, configured to subject the first processing signal to upsampling processing, such that the first processing signal is converted to a second processing signal, wherein a sampling rate of the second processing signal is a second sampling rate which is higher than the first sampling rate; and provide the second processing signal to the communication module; wherein the upsampling processing module comprises: a data cache sub-module, configured to receive and cache a first processing signal from the digital signal processing module; a zero interpolation sub-module, configured to insert N-1 zeros uniformly between each pair of adjacent digital sampling points in the first processing signal, on the basis of a set interpolation factor N, to obtain an intermediate signal, a sampling frequency of which is a second sampling rate, wherein the second sampling rate is N times the first sampling rate, and wherein N is a positive integer; and an interpolation filtering sub-module, configured to subject the intermediate signal to interpolation filtering, to obtain a second processing signal, and provide the second processing signal to the communication module. an upsampling processing module, configured to subject the first processing signal to upsampling processing, such that the first processing signal is converted to a second processing signal, wherein a sampling rate of the second processing signal is a second sampling rate which is higher than the first sampling rate; and provide the second processing signal to the communication module; wherein subject the first processing signal to upsampling processing, such that the first processing signal is converted to a second processing signal, wherein a sampling rate of the second processing signal is a second sampling rate which is higher than the first sampling rate; and provide the second processing signal to the communication module; wherein the upsampling processing module comprises: a data cache sub-module, configured to receive and cache a first processing signal from the digital signal processing module; a zero interpolation sub-module, configured to insert N-1 zeros uniformly between each pair of adjacent digital sampling points in the first processing signal, on the basis of a set interpolation factor N, to obtain an intermediate signal, a sampling frequency of which is a second sampling rate, wherein the second sampling rate is N times the first sampling rate, and wherein N is a positive integer; and a data cache sub-module, configured to receive and cache a first processing signal from the digital signal processing module; a zero interpolation sub-module, configured to insert N-1 zeros uniformly between each pair of adjacent digital sampling points in the first processing signal, on the basis of a set interpolation factor N, to obtain an intermediate signal, a sampling frequency of which is a second sampling rate, wherein the second sampling rate is N times the first sampling rate, and wherein N is a positive integer; and an interpolation filtering sub-module, configured to subject the intermediate signal to interpolation filtering, to obtain a second processing signal, and provide the second processing signal to the communication module. subject the intermediate signal to interpolation filtering, to obtain a second processing signal, and provide the second processing signal to the communication module.