An automatic polishing system in which a polishing tool held by a polishing robot is configured to move to a respective part of a polishing subject face of a treatment subject by motions of the polishing robot and the polishing tool is configured to, in association with the movement, effect a polishing treatment on the polishing subject face, the system comprising: a three-dimensional shape measuring instrument for measuring a three-dimensional shape of the polishing subject face; and a polishing controller for controlling the polishing robot or controlling the polishing robot and the polishing tool, based on three-dimensional shape data of the polishing subject face obtained by the shape measurement by the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument; wherein: for causing the polishing tool to provide a polishing action on the respective part of the polishing subject face through controlling of the polishing robot or both the polishing robot and the polishing tool by the polishing controller; for each one of a plurality of polishing subject protruding portions (t) which are aligned along a predetermined direction and in close vicinity with each other from among protruding portions randomly present on the polishing subject face, the polishing controller is configured to set, based on the three-dimensional shape data, virtual line segments (k) interconnecting the plurality of polishing subject protruding portions (t) disposed side by side in close vicinity; and the polishing controller is configured to control, after setting the virtual line segments (k), the polishing robot or both the polishing robot and the polishing tool in such a manner as to cause the polishing tool to provide the polishing action on the respective polishing subject protruding portions (t) while moving the polishing tool along the respective virtual line segments (k) on the polishing subject face. a three-dimensional shape measuring instrument for measuring a three-dimensional shape of the polishing subject face; and a polishing controller for controlling the polishing robot or controlling the polishing robot and the polishing tool, based on three-dimensional shape data of the polishing subject face obtained by the shape measurement by the three-dimensional shape measuring instrument; wherein: for causing the polishing tool to provide a polishing action on the respective part of the polishing subject face through controlling of the polishing robot or both the polishing robot and the polishing tool by the polishing controller; for each one of a plurality of polishing subject protruding portions (t) which are aligned along a predetermined direction and in close vicinity with each other from among protruding portions randomly present on the polishing subject face, the polishing controller is configured to set, based on the three-dimensional shape data, virtual line segments (k) interconnecting the plurality of polishing subject protruding portions (t) disposed side by side in close vicinity; and the polishing controller is configured to control, after setting the virtual line segments (k), the polishing robot or both the polishing robot and the polishing tool in such a manner as to cause the polishing tool to provide the polishing action on the respective polishing subject protruding portions (t) while moving the polishing tool along the respective virtual line segments (k) on the polishing subject face. for causing the polishing tool to provide a polishing action on the respective part of the polishing subject face through controlling of the polishing robot or both the polishing robot and the polishing tool by the polishing controller; for each one of a plurality of polishing subject protruding portions (t) which are aligned along a predetermined direction and in close vicinity with each other from among protruding portions randomly present on the polishing subject face, the polishing controller is configured to set, based on the three-dimensional shape data, virtual line segments (k) interconnecting the plurality of polishing subject protruding portions (t) disposed side by side in close vicinity; and the polishing controller is configured to control, after setting the virtual line segments (k), the polishing robot or both the polishing robot and the polishing tool in such a manner as to cause the polishing tool to provide the polishing action on the respective polishing subject protruding portions (t) while moving the polishing tool along the respective virtual line segments (k) on the polishing subject face.