A device for measuring a polarization degree and a refractive index, comprising: a sample chamber configured to receive an object; a polarization degree measuring member configured to measure the polarization degree of the object received in the sample chamber; a refractive index measuring member configured to measure information corresponding to the refractive index of the object received in the sample chamber; and a prism, wherein the sample chamber is arranged in such a manner as to allow a light beam for analyzing the object to enter the sample chamber at one side, transmit through the object received in the sample chamber and then exit from the sample chamber at the other side, and a portion of a wall or bottom of a room for receiving the object is formed by one surface of the prism; wherein the polarization degree measuring member comprises a first light source configured to generate the light beam for analyzing the object; a polarization modulation member including a polarizer and two liquid crystal elements (16, 17), and configured to control voltages applied onto the two liquid crystal elements (16, 17) or polarization degree calculation, in accordance with temperature of the two liquid crystal elements (16, 17) obtained by a temperature sensor, and to enable the light beam after polarization degree modulation by the polarization modulation member to enter the sample chamber; an intensity detection member configured to detect an intensity of the light beam exiting from the sample chamber; and a polarization degree calculation member configured to calculate polarization characteristics of the light beam for analyzing the object in accordance with the intensity detected by the intensity detection member and calculate the polarization degree of the object; and the refractive index measuring member comprises a second light source configured to generate a light beam for analyzing the object toward the prism that forms a portion of the wall or bottom of the sample chamber, a position detection member configured to detect position information about the light beam which enters the prism and exits from the surface of the prism that forms a portion of the wall or bottom of the sample chamber based on a determination of a critical angle of the surface of the prism, and a refractive index or concentration calculation member configured to calculate the refractive index or concentration in accordance with the position information detected by the position 5 detection member and corresponding to the refractive index of the object. a sample chamber configured to receive an object; a polarization degree measuring member configured to measure the polarization degree of the object received in the sample chamber; a refractive index measuring member configured to measure information corresponding to the refractive index of the object received in the sample chamber; and a prism, wherein the sample chamber is arranged in such a manner as to allow a light beam for analyzing the object to enter the sample chamber at one side, transmit through the object received in the sample chamber and then exit from the sample chamber at the other side, and a portion of a wall or bottom of a room for receiving the object is formed by one surface of the prism; wherein the polarization degree measuring member comprises a first light source configured to generate the light beam for analyzing the object; a polarization modulation member including a polarizer and two liquid crystal elements (16, 17), and configured to control voltages applied onto the two liquid crystal elements (16, 17) or polarization degree calculation, in accordance with temperature of the two liquid crystal elements (16, 17) obtained by a temperature sensor, and to enable the light beam after polarization degree modulation by the polarization modulation member to enter the sample chamber; an intensity detection member configured to detect an intensity of the light beam exiting from the sample chamber; and a polarization degree calculation member configured to calculate polarization characteristics of the light beam for analyzing the object in accordance with the intensity detected by the intensity detection member and calculate the polarization degree of the object; and the refractive index measuring member comprises a second light source configured to generate a light beam for analyzing the object toward the prism that forms a portion of the wall or bottom of the sample chamber, a position detection member configured to detect position information about the light beam which enters the prism and exits from the surface of the prism that forms a portion of the wall or bottom of the sample chamber based on a determination of a critical angle of the surface of the prism, and a refractive index or concentration calculation member configured to calculate the refractive index or concentration in accordance with the position information detected by the position 5 detection member and corresponding to the refractive index of the object.