A method for obtaining configuration information of a grant-free transmission unit, comprising: receiving (S206',S207'), by an access device, configuration information of a grant-free transmission unit of the access device, wherein the grant-free transmission unit is a transmission resource used for grant-free transmission, and the configuration information of the grant-free transmission unit comprises at least one or more of the following information: information about the grant-free transmission unit or information about a grant-free transmission control mechanism, wherein the information about the grant-free transmission unit is one or more of the following information: time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, space-domain resource information, code-domain resource information, or pilot resource information; and the information about the grant-free transmission control mechanism is one or more of the following information: uplink power control information, modulation and coding scheme information, or retransmission mechanism information; and characterized in that the method further comprises: receiving (S206', S207'), by the access device, information about a grant-free area to which the access device belongs, wherein the grant-free area is a set of one or more access devices, and the configuration information of the grant-free transmission unit of the access device is configuration information of a grant-free transmission unit in the grant-free area to which the access device belongs. receiving (S206',S207'), by an access device, configuration information of a grant-free transmission unit of the access device, wherein the grant-free transmission unit is a transmission resource used for grant-free transmission, and the configuration information of the grant-free transmission unit comprises at least one or more of the following information: information about the grant-free transmission unit or information about a grant-free transmission control mechanism, wherein the information about the grant-free transmission unit is one or more of the following information: time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, space-domain resource information, code-domain resource information, or pilot resource information; and the information about the grant-free transmission control mechanism is one or more of the following information: uplink power control information, modulation and coding scheme information, or retransmission mechanism information; and characterized in that the method further comprises: receiving (S206', S207'), by the access device, information about a grant-free area to which the access device belongs, wherein the grant-free area is a set of one or more access devices, and the configuration information of the grant-free transmission unit of the access device is configuration information of a grant-free transmission unit in the grant-free area to which the access device belongs. time-domain resource information, frequency-domain resource information, space-domain resource information, code-domain resource information, or pilot resource information; and the information about the grant-free transmission control mechanism is one or more of the following information: uplink power control information, modulation and coding scheme information, or retransmission mechanism information; and characterized in that the method further comprises: receiving (S206', S207'), by the access device, information about a grant-free area to which the access device belongs, wherein the grant-free area is a set of one or more access devices, and the configuration information of the grant-free transmission unit of the access device is configuration information of a grant-free transmission unit in the grant-free area to which the access device belongs. uplink power control information, modulation and coding scheme information, or retransmission mechanism information; and characterized in that the method further comprises: receiving (S206', S207'), by the access device, information about a grant-free area to which the access device belongs, wherein the grant-free area is a set of one or more access devices, and the configuration information of the grant-free transmission unit of the access device is configuration information of a grant-free transmission unit in the grant-free area to which the access device belongs.