A composite structure comprising: a matrix comprising a substantially nonconductive material; and a reinforcement comprising a conductive material, wherein the reinforcement is located within the matrix to form a composite layer in the composite structure in which a portion of the reinforcement is exposed at a surface of the composite layer such that electrical conductivity of the composite layer is increased in a direction substantially perpendicular to the composite layer, wherein the matrix is a first matrix, the reinforcement is a first reinforcement, the portion of the reinforcement is a first portion of the first reinforcement, the composite layer is a first composite layer, the surface is a first surface of the first composite layer, and the electrical conductivity is a first electrical conductivity and further comprising: a second matrix; and a second reinforcement located within the second matrix, wherein the second matrix and the second reinforcement form a second composite layer in which a second portion of the second reinforcement is exposed at a second surface of the second composite layer such that a second electrical conductivity of the second composite layer is increased in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second composite layer, wherein the first portion of the first reinforcement exposed at the first surface of the first composite layer contacts the second portion of the second reinforcement exposed at the second surface of the second composite layer when the second composite layer and the first composite layer are positioned relative to each other to form the composite structure. a matrix comprising a substantially nonconductive material; and a reinforcement comprising a conductive material, wherein the reinforcement is located within the matrix to form a composite layer in the composite structure in which a portion of the reinforcement is exposed at a surface of the composite layer such that electrical conductivity of the composite layer is increased in a direction substantially perpendicular to the composite layer, wherein the matrix is a first matrix, the reinforcement is a first reinforcement, the portion of the reinforcement is a first portion of the first reinforcement, the composite layer is a first composite layer, the surface is a first surface of the first composite layer, and the electrical conductivity is a first electrical conductivity and further comprising: a second matrix; and a second reinforcement located within the second matrix, wherein the second matrix and the second reinforcement form a second composite layer in which a second portion of the second reinforcement is exposed at a second surface of the second composite layer such that a second electrical conductivity of the second composite layer is increased in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second composite layer, wherein the first portion of the first reinforcement exposed at the first surface of the first composite layer contacts the second portion of the second reinforcement exposed at the second surface of the second composite layer when the second composite layer and the first composite layer are positioned relative to each other to form the composite structure. a second matrix; and a second reinforcement located within the second matrix, wherein the second matrix and the second reinforcement form a second composite layer in which a second portion of the second reinforcement is exposed at a second surface of the second composite layer such that a second electrical conductivity of the second composite layer is increased in a direction substantially perpendicular to the second composite layer, wherein the first portion of the first reinforcement exposed at the first surface of the first composite layer contacts the second portion of the second reinforcement exposed at the second surface of the second composite layer when the second composite layer and the first composite layer are positioned relative to each other to form the composite structure.