A thermal management system based on heating by a motor, comprising: a refrigerant loop and a motor coolant loop, wherein the refrigerant loop and the motor coolant loop jointly comprise a low pressure chiller, and the low pressure chiller is configured to enable a refrigerant in the refrigerant loop to absorb heat from a motor coolant in the motor coolant loop through evaporation, to heat a target temperature-controlled space and/or a target temperature-controlled device, characterized in that the refrigerant loop comprises: a compressor that has a refrigerant outlet and a refrigerant inlet; a first outlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant outlet to the low pressure chiller and/or the outer heat exchanger, wherein the outer heat exchanger is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and air outside the target temperature-controlled space; a second outlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant outlet to the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) and/or the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device, wherein the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and air in the target temperature-controlled space, and the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange working medium for adjusting the temperature of the target temperature-controlled device; a first inlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant inlet to the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) and/or the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device; and a second inlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant inlet to the low pressure chiller and/or the outer heat exchanger, wherein the first outlet branch, the second outlet branch, the first inlet branch, and the second inlet branch respectively have a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, and a fourth stop valve for controlling opening and closing of the branch. a refrigerant loop and a motor coolant loop, wherein the refrigerant loop and the motor coolant loop jointly comprise a low pressure chiller, and the low pressure chiller is configured to enable a refrigerant in the refrigerant loop to absorb heat from a motor coolant in the motor coolant loop through evaporation, to heat a target temperature-controlled space and/or a target temperature-controlled device, characterized in that the refrigerant loop comprises: a compressor that has a refrigerant outlet and a refrigerant inlet; a first outlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant outlet to the low pressure chiller and/or the outer heat exchanger, wherein the outer heat exchanger is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and air outside the target temperature-controlled space; a second outlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant outlet to the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) and/or the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device, wherein the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and air in the target temperature-controlled space, and the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange working medium for adjusting the temperature of the target temperature-controlled device; a first inlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant inlet to the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) and/or the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device; and a second inlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant inlet to the low pressure chiller and/or the outer heat exchanger, wherein a compressor that has a refrigerant outlet and a refrigerant inlet; a first outlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant outlet to the low pressure chiller and/or the outer heat exchanger, wherein the outer heat exchanger is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and air outside the target temperature-controlled space; a second outlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant outlet to the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) and/or the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device, wherein the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and air in the target temperature-controlled space, and the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device is configured to enable heat exchange between the refrigerant and the heat exchange working medium for adjusting the temperature of the target temperature-controlled device; a first inlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant inlet to the inner heat exchanger (131, 132) and/or the heat exchanger for the target temperature-controlled device; and a second inlet branch, configured to connect the refrigerant inlet to the low pressure chiller and/or the outer heat exchanger, wherein the first outlet branch, the second outlet branch, the first inlet branch, and the second inlet branch respectively have a first stop valve, a second stop valve, a third stop valve, and a fourth stop valve for controlling opening and closing of the branch.