Apparatus for detecting, diagnosing and exercising an individual's functionalities, comprising: - a plurality of emitters emitting optical stimuli perceivable by an individual; - a control unit adapted to control the activation of said emitters and programmed for activating said emitters according to at least one parameter and in accordance with a predetermined sequence; - a memory unit in which predetermined sequences for the activation of said emitters are stored, each sequence being identified by a univocal sequence reference and comprising the references of a group of emitters belonging to said plurality of emitters and arranged along a path corresponding to the movement to be induced in the eyes of said individual; - a sensor "Eyetracker" capable of generating an electrical signal indicative of eye movements for detecting eye movements of an individual; - a processing unit operationally connected to said control unit and programmed for processing said signal, for calculating the time (Tc) elapsed between the activation of an emitter and the moment at which the individual's eyes become fixed on said emitter of the sequence, characterized in that: - said processing unit is further programmed for comparing the time (Tc) with a predetermined threshold (S 1) and for selecting, according to the value resulting from said comparison, the value of said at least one parameter and a predetermined sequence out of said stored sequences to be performed in a subsequent working cycle of the apparatus; - the sequences stored in the memory unit are classified on the basis of a grade of difficulty in performance by an individual, and - the processing unit is programmed for selecting a sequence of lower difficulty than the performed sequence when Tc > S 1 and for selecting a sequence of higher difficulty than the performed sequence when Tc < S 1. - a plurality of emitters emitting optical stimuli perceivable by an individual; - a control unit adapted to control the activation of said emitters and programmed for activating said emitters according to at least one parameter and in accordance with a predetermined sequence; - a memory unit in which predetermined sequences for the activation of said emitters are stored, each sequence being identified by a univocal sequence reference and comprising the references of a group of emitters belonging to said plurality of emitters and arranged along a path corresponding to the movement to be induced in the eyes of said individual; - a sensor "Eyetracker" capable of generating an electrical signal indicative of eye movements for detecting eye movements of an individual; - a processing unit operationally connected to said control unit and programmed for processing said signal, for calculating the time (Tc) elapsed between the activation of an emitter and the moment at which the individual's eyes become fixed on said emitter of the sequence, characterized in that: - said processing unit is further programmed for comparing the time (Tc) with a predetermined threshold (S 1) and for selecting, according to the value resulting from said comparison, the value of said at least one parameter and a predetermined sequence out of said stored sequences to be performed in a subsequent working cycle of the apparatus; - the sequences stored in the memory unit are classified on the basis of a grade of difficulty in performance by an individual, and - the processing unit is programmed for selecting a sequence of lower difficulty than the performed sequence when Tc > S 1 and for selecting a sequence of higher difficulty than the performed sequence when Tc < S 1.