A system for calibrating an advanced driver assistance system based on vehicle positioning, comprising: an advanced driver assistance system calibration target, a rail mechanism for the advanced driver assistance system calibration target, an auxiliary positioning target, a control device, and an industrial camera; wherein the advanced driver assistance system calibration target is configured to correct an advanced driver assistance system sensor of a vehicle; the rail mechanism is configured to control a translational movement and a rotational movement of the advanced driver assistance system calibration target; the auxiliary positioning target is configured to assist in calibrating a position of the advanced driver assistance system sensor; the control device is configured to control operation of the system; and the industrial camera is configured to photograph the auxiliary positioning target; characterized in that the industrial camera is configured to be placed at an upper portion of the vehicle; and in a calibration stage of the advanced driver assistance system, the vehicle is driven into a station to allow a front wheel of the vehicle to reach a designated front position at the same time; the control device is configured to control the industrial camera to take a picture of the auxiliary positioning target to obtain a first spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the industrial camera to the position of the auxiliary positioning target, so as to determine a fourth spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the advanced driver assistance system sensor of the vehicle to the position of the advanced driver assistance system calibration target according to the first spatial transformation matrix, a second spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the auxiliary positioning target to the position of the advanced driver assistance system calibration target, and a third spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the advanced driver assistance system sensor of the vehicle to the position of the industrial camera. an advanced driver assistance system calibration target, a rail mechanism for the advanced driver assistance system calibration target, an auxiliary positioning target, a control device, and an industrial camera; wherein the advanced driver assistance system calibration target is configured to correct an advanced driver assistance system sensor of a vehicle; the rail mechanism is configured to control a translational movement and a rotational movement of the advanced driver assistance system calibration target; the auxiliary positioning target is configured to assist in calibrating a position of the advanced driver assistance system sensor; the control device is configured to control operation of the system; and the industrial camera is configured to photograph the auxiliary positioning target; characterized in that the industrial camera is configured to be placed at an upper portion of the vehicle; and in a calibration stage of the advanced driver assistance system, the vehicle is driven into a station to allow a front wheel of the vehicle to reach a designated front position at the same time; the control device is configured to control the industrial camera to take a picture of the auxiliary positioning target to obtain a first spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the industrial camera to the position of the auxiliary positioning target, so as to determine a fourth spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the advanced driver assistance system sensor of the vehicle to the position of the advanced driver assistance system calibration target according to the first spatial transformation matrix, a second spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the auxiliary positioning target to the position of the advanced driver assistance system calibration target, and a third spatial transformation matrix representing the coordinate transformation from the position of the advanced driver assistance system sensor of the vehicle to the position of the industrial camera.