An audio encoding method, wherein the method comprises: obtaining a current frame of an audio signal, wherein the current frame comprises a high frequency band signal and a low frequency band signal; obtaining a compatible layer encoding parameter of the current frame based on the high frequency band signal and the low frequency band signal; obtaining an enhancement layer encoding parameter of the current frame based on the high frequency band signal, wherein the compatible layer and the enhancement layer are layers that are classified based on a spectrum range for processing the audio signal, and wherein all frequency domain ranges for processing the audio signal are included at the compatible layer and only a high frequency domain range for processing the audio signal is included at the enhancement layer, and wherein the obtaining the enhancement layer comprises: obtaining signal type information of the high frequency band signal of the current frame; and encoding the high frequency band signal of the current frame when the signal type information of the high frequency band signal of the current frame indicates a preset signal type, to obtain the enhancement layer encoding parameter of the current frame; and performing bitstream multiplexing on the compatible layer encoding parameter and the enhancement layer encoding parameter to obtain an encoded bitstream. obtaining a current frame of an audio signal, wherein the current frame comprises a high frequency band signal and a low frequency band signal; obtaining a compatible layer encoding parameter of the current frame based on the high frequency band signal and the low frequency band signal; obtaining an enhancement layer encoding parameter of the current frame based on the high frequency band signal, wherein the compatible layer and the enhancement layer are layers that are classified based on a spectrum range for processing the audio signal, and wherein all frequency domain ranges for processing the audio signal are included at the compatible layer and only a high frequency domain range for processing the audio signal is included at the enhancement layer, and wherein the obtaining the enhancement layer comprises: obtaining signal type information of the high frequency band signal of the current frame; and encoding the high frequency band signal of the current frame when the signal type information of the high frequency band signal of the current frame indicates a preset signal type, to obtain the enhancement layer encoding parameter of the current frame; and performing bitstream multiplexing on the compatible layer encoding parameter and the enhancement layer encoding parameter to obtain an encoded bitstream. obtaining signal type information of the high frequency band signal of the current frame; and encoding the high frequency band signal of the current frame when the signal type information of the high frequency band signal of the current frame indicates a preset signal type, to obtain the enhancement layer encoding parameter of the current frame; and performing bitstream multiplexing on the compatible layer encoding parameter and the enhancement layer encoding parameter to obtain an encoded bitstream.