A flexible surgical instrument system with a front drive input, comprising a flexible continuous body structure and a driving unit, wherein the flexible continuous body structure comprises a distal structural body, a proximal structural body and a middle connecting body; the distal structural body comprises at least one distal structural segment (104,105), and the distal structural segment (104,105) comprises distal spacing disks, a distal fixing disk and structural backbones; the proximal structural body comprises a proximal structural segment (109,110), and the proximal structural segment (109,110) comprises proximal spacing disks, a proximal fixing disk and structural backbones; the middle connecting body comprises two channel fixing plates and a structural backbone guide channel provided between the two channel fixing plates; the structural backbones of the distal structural segment (104,105) are securely connected, in one-to-one correspondence, to or are the same as the structural backbones of the proximal structural segment (109,110), one end of each of the structural backbones is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk, passing through the proximal spacing disks, the structural backbone guide channel and the distal spacing disks in sequence, the other end of the structural backbone is securely connected to the distal fixing disk; and the driving unit comprises a driving unit fixing plate arranged in front of the middle connecting body, a plurality of linear motion mechanisms for converting a rotary motion input into a linear motion output are provided between the driving unit fixing plate and the channel fixing plate, output ends of the linear motion mechanisms are connected to one end of a driving backbone, the driving backbone passes through the proximal spacing disks, and the other end of the driving backbone is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk; characterized in that, the distal structural body is externally covered with an envelope, a front end of the envelope is securely connected to a surgical end effector, and a rear end of the envelope is connected to a rotary driving mechanism in the driving unit; the rotary driving mechanism comprises a rotary sleeve rotatably supported at a front side of the driving unit fixing plate, and a front end of the rotary sleeve is securely connected to the envelope; and the front side of the driving unit fixing plate is further provided with a rotary shaft, a pair of gears meshing with each other are provided on the rotary shaft and the rotary sleeve, and a male coupling directly or indirectly connected to an output shaft of a motor is securely connected to a front end of the rotary shaft. the driving unit comprises a driving unit fixing plate arranged in front of the middle connecting body, a plurality of linear motion mechanisms for converting a rotary motion input into a linear motion output are provided between the driving unit fixing plate and the channel fixing plate, output ends of the linear motion mechanisms are connected to one end of a driving backbone, the driving backbone passes through the proximal spacing disks, and the other end of the driving backbone is securely connected to the proximal fixing disk; characterized in that, the distal structural body is externally covered with an envelope, a front end of the envelope is securely connected to a surgical end effector, and a rear end of the envelope is connected to a rotary driving mechanism in the driving unit; the rotary driving mechanism comprises a rotary sleeve rotatably supported at a front side of the driving unit fixing plate, and a front end of the rotary sleeve is securely connected to the envelope; and the front side of the driving unit fixing plate is further provided with a rotary shaft, a pair of gears meshing with each other are provided on the rotary shaft and the rotary sleeve, and a male coupling directly or indirectly connected to an output shaft of a motor is securely connected to a front end of the rotary shaft.