A method for promoting continuous sleep of a subject by eliminating and/or preventing sleep associations, the method comprising: (a) providing an apparatus comprising at least one sensor and at least one output device; (b) monitoring a state of the subject using the apparatus; (c) determining the subject is in an awake state using the at least one sensor (1, 902); (d) in response to determining the subject is in the awake state, initiating and maintaining an output that is configured to be detected by the subject using the at least one output device (3, 903, 904); (e) determining the subject is in a sleep state using the at least one sensor (1, 905); (f) halting the output in response to determining that the subject is in the sleep state such that the apparatus does not produce any output while the subject is in the sleep state; (g) repeating at least step (b) during a sleep session, wherein the method further comprises modifying an intensity of the output over time until the intensity reaches zero to eliminate a sleep association (908, 909, 1012), wherein the method is carried out over an entrainment phase and a subsequent sleep training phase, and wherein the step of modifying the intensity of the output over time is carried out during the sleep training phase (907, 908, 1011); wherein the method further comprises: determining a total amount of time the subject is in the awake state per night; and switching from the entrainment phase to the sleep training phase when the total amount of time the subject is in the awake state is less than a predetermined amount of time on each night of a series of consecutive nights (907, 908, 1011); wherein the method further comprises, when in the sleep training phase: decreasing the intensity of the output when the total amount of time the subject is in the awake state is less than another predetermined amount of time on each night of a series of consecutive nights (908, 1010, 1011); and repeating the decreasing step until the intensity of the output is zero (909, 1012). (a) providing an apparatus comprising at least one sensor and at least one output device; (b) monitoring a state of the subject using the apparatus; (c) determining the subject is in an awake state using the at least one sensor (1, 902); (d) in response to determining the subject is in the awake state, initiating and maintaining an output that is configured to be detected by the subject using the at least one output device (3, 903, 904); (e) determining the subject is in a sleep state using the at least one sensor (1, 905); (f) halting the output in response to determining that the subject is in the sleep state such that the apparatus does not produce any output while the subject is in the sleep state; (g) repeating at least step (b) during a sleep session, wherein the method further comprises modifying an intensity of the output over time until the intensity reaches zero to eliminate a sleep association (908, 909, 1012), wherein the method is carried out over an entrainment phase and a subsequent sleep training phase, and wherein the step of modifying the intensity of the output over time is carried out during the sleep training phase (907, 908, 1011); wherein the method further comprises: determining a total amount of time the subject is in the awake state per night; and switching from the entrainment phase to the sleep training phase when the total amount of time the subject is in the awake state is less than a predetermined amount of time on each night of a series of consecutive nights (907, 908, 1011); wherein the method further comprises, when in the sleep training phase: decreasing the intensity of the output when the total amount of time the subject is in the awake state is less than another predetermined amount of time on each night of a series of consecutive nights (908, 1010, 1011); and repeating the decreasing step until the intensity of the output is zero (909, 1012). determining a total amount of time the subject is in the awake state per night; and switching from the entrainment phase to the sleep training phase when the total amount of time the subject is in the awake state is less than a predetermined amount of time on each night of a series of consecutive nights (907, 908, 1011); wherein the method further comprises, when in the sleep training phase: decreasing the intensity of the output when the total amount of time the subject is in the awake state is less than another predetermined amount of time on each night of a series of consecutive nights (908, 1010, 1011); and repeating the decreasing step until the intensity of the output is zero (909, 1012). decreasing the intensity of the output when the total amount of time the subject is in the awake state is less than another predetermined amount of time on each night of a series of consecutive nights (908, 1010, 1011); and repeating the decreasing step until the intensity of the output is zero (909, 1012).