An inter-frame predictive encoding method, comprising: dividing a frame to be encoded into a plurality of blocks to be encoded by means of an encoder; determining, for each block to be encoded, a forward encoding block in a first reference image and a backward encoding block in a second reference image corresponding to the block to be encoded; determining a first weighting parameter applied to the forward encoding block; determining a fourth weighting parameter applied to the backward encoding block according to the first weighting parameter and the following formula: fourth weighting parameter = 1 - first weighting parameter; characterized in that the method further comprises: determining an overall brightness-based second weighting parameter of the first reference image, and determining an overall brightness-based third weighting parameter of the second reference image; determining predictive actual weighting parameters of the block to be encoded calculated as the first weighting parameter multiplied by the second weighting parameter, and the third weighting parameter multiplied by the fourth weighting parameter; and performing predictive encoding on the block to be encoded by means of the predictive actual weighting parameters applied to the forward encoding block and the backward encoding block; wherein, determining an overall brightness-based weighting parameter of a reference image comprises: determining the overall brightness-based weighting parameter of the reference image according to the image to be encoded and the reference image through minimal residual technique, comprising performing a down-sampling on the image to be encoded and the reference image; obtaining a weighted down-sampled reference image with a brightness weighting parameter; dividing the down-sampled to-be-encoded image into blocks; obtaining a residual between each of the blocks with a matching block searched in the weighted down-sampled reference image; and selecting, from brightness weighting parameters, one that produces a minimum sum of the squares of the obtained residuals as the brightness weighting parameter of the reference image. dividing a frame to be encoded into a plurality of blocks to be encoded by means of an encoder; determining, for each block to be encoded, a forward encoding block in a first reference image and a backward encoding block in a second reference image corresponding to the block to be encoded; determining a first weighting parameter applied to the forward encoding block; determining a fourth weighting parameter applied to the backward encoding block according to the first weighting parameter and the following formula: fourth weighting parameter = 1 - first weighting parameter; characterized in that the method further comprises: determining an overall brightness-based second weighting parameter of the first reference image, and determining an overall brightness-based third weighting parameter of the second reference image; determining predictive actual weighting parameters of the block to be encoded calculated as the first weighting parameter multiplied by the second weighting parameter, and the third weighting parameter multiplied by the fourth weighting parameter; and performing predictive encoding on the block to be encoded by means of the predictive actual weighting parameters applied to the forward encoding block and the backward encoding block; determining an overall brightness-based second weighting parameter of the first reference image, and determining an overall brightness-based third weighting parameter of the second reference image; determining predictive actual weighting parameters of the block to be encoded calculated as the first weighting parameter multiplied by the second weighting parameter, and the third weighting parameter multiplied by the fourth weighting parameter; and performing predictive encoding on the block to be encoded by means of the predictive actual weighting parameters applied to the forward encoding block and the backward encoding block; wherein, determining an overall brightness-based weighting parameter of a reference image comprises: determining the overall brightness-based weighting parameter of the reference image according to the image to be encoded and the reference image through minimal residual technique, comprising performing a down-sampling on the image to be encoded and the reference image; obtaining a weighted down-sampled reference image with a brightness weighting parameter; dividing the down-sampled to-be-encoded image into blocks; obtaining a residual between each of the blocks with a matching block searched in the weighted down-sampled reference image; and selecting, from brightness weighting parameters, one that produces a minimum sum of the squares of the obtained residuals as the brightness weighting parameter of the reference image. determining the overall brightness-based weighting parameter of the reference image according to the image to be encoded and the reference image through minimal residual technique, comprising performing a down-sampling on the image to be encoded and the reference image; obtaining a weighted down-sampled reference image with a brightness weighting parameter; dividing the down-sampled to-be-encoded image into blocks; obtaining a residual between each of the blocks with a matching block searched in the weighted down-sampled reference image; and selecting, from brightness weighting parameters, one that produces a minimum sum of the squares of the obtained residuals as the brightness weighting parameter of the reference image.