A method of decoding video data, the method comprising: splitting an image into various coding units; and obtaining, from a received bitstream, information on a relationship between a depth of a coding unit and a quantization mode, wherein the information on said relationship indicates a quantization mode, for each depth among a plurality of depths, that indicates whether a quantization parameter delta of the respective depth is to be used, wherein: the image is split into a plurality of maximum coding units, a maximum coding unit, among the plurality of maximum coding units, is hierarchically split into the various coding units of depths including at least one of a current depth and a lower depth according to split information of the coding units, wherein the split information of the coding units is obtained from the bitstream, further comprising, for a coding unit of the current depth: determining whether the quantization parameter delta is to be used in the coding unit of the current depth, based on the information on said relationship; when the split information of the coding unit of the current depth indicates a split, the coding unit of the current depth is split into four coding units of the lower depth, independently from neighboring coding units, and when the split information of the coding unit of the current depth indicates a non-split, one or more transformation units are obtained from the coding unit of the current depth by splitting the coding unit of the current depth using transformation unit split information obtained from the bitstream, and inverse-quantization is performed on the one or more transformation units using the result of the determination of whether the quantization parameter delta is to be used in the coding unit of the current depth. splitting an image into various coding units; and obtaining, from a received bitstream, information on a relationship between a depth of a coding unit and a quantization mode, wherein the information on said relationship indicates a quantization mode, for each depth among a plurality of depths, that indicates whether a quantization parameter delta of the respective depth is to be used, the image is split into a plurality of maximum coding units, a maximum coding unit, among the plurality of maximum coding units, is hierarchically split into the various coding units of depths including at least one of a current depth and a lower depth according to split information of the coding units, wherein the split information of the coding units is obtained from the bitstream, further comprising, for a coding unit of the current depth: determining whether the quantization parameter delta is to be used in the coding unit of the current depth, based on the information on said relationship; when the split information of the coding unit of the current depth indicates a split, the coding unit of the current depth is split into four coding units of the lower depth, independently from neighboring coding units, and when the split information of the coding unit of the current depth indicates a non-split, one or more transformation units are obtained from the coding unit of the current depth by splitting the coding unit of the current depth using transformation unit split information obtained from the bitstream, and inverse-quantization is performed on the one or more transformation units using the result of the determination of whether the quantization parameter delta is to be used in the coding unit of the current depth. determining whether the quantization parameter delta is to be used in the coding unit of the current depth, based on the information on said relationship; when the split information of the coding unit of the current depth indicates a split, the coding unit of the current depth is split into four coding units of the lower depth, independently from neighboring coding units, and when the split information of the coding unit of the current depth indicates a non-split, one or more transformation units are obtained from the coding unit of the current depth by splitting the coding unit of the current depth using transformation unit split information obtained from the bitstream, and inverse-quantization is performed on the one or more transformation units using the result of the determination of whether the quantization parameter delta is to be used in the coding unit of the current depth.