A radiotherapy system, comprising: a memory storing computer executable instructions; a processor device communicatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor device is configured to execute the computer executable instructions for: receiving a medical image of a patient, the medical image including images of a target and an organ at risk; receiving a target dose to be received by the target and a constraint on an organ at risk dose to be received by the organ at risk; and generating a dose application plan based on the target dose and the constraint on the organ at risk dose, including: determining a placement of an arc along which radiation is to be applied based on the target dose and a location of the target; dividing the arc into a plurality of segments (432, 434); determining a dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); calculating a predicted organ at risk dose based on the determined dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); and comparing the predicted organ at risk dose with the constraint on the organ at risk dose to determine whether the predicted organ at risk dose satisfies the constraint on the organ at risk dose. a memory storing computer executable instructions; a processor device communicatively coupled to the memory, wherein the processor device is configured to execute the computer executable instructions for: receiving a medical image of a patient, the medical image including images of a target and an organ at risk; receiving a target dose to be received by the target and a constraint on an organ at risk dose to be received by the organ at risk; and generating a dose application plan based on the target dose and the constraint on the organ at risk dose, including: determining a placement of an arc along which radiation is to be applied based on the target dose and a location of the target; dividing the arc into a plurality of segments (432, 434); determining a dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); calculating a predicted organ at risk dose based on the determined dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); and comparing the predicted organ at risk dose with the constraint on the organ at risk dose to determine whether the predicted organ at risk dose satisfies the constraint on the organ at risk dose. receiving a medical image of a patient, the medical image including images of a target and an organ at risk; receiving a target dose to be received by the target and a constraint on an organ at risk dose to be received by the organ at risk; and generating a dose application plan based on the target dose and the constraint on the organ at risk dose, including: determining a placement of an arc along which radiation is to be applied based on the target dose and a location of the target; dividing the arc into a plurality of segments (432, 434); determining a dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); calculating a predicted organ at risk dose based on the determined dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); and comparing the predicted organ at risk dose with the constraint on the organ at risk dose to determine whether the predicted organ at risk dose satisfies the constraint on the organ at risk dose. determining a placement of an arc along which radiation is to be applied based on the target dose and a location of the target; dividing the arc into a plurality of segments (432, 434); determining a dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); calculating a predicted organ at risk dose based on the determined dose rate associated with each segment (432, 434); and comparing the predicted organ at risk dose with the constraint on the organ at risk dose to determine whether the predicted organ at risk dose satisfies the constraint on the organ at risk dose.