mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
A method of protecting a photovoltaic generator in case of a ground fault against a resulting surge voltage relative to ground, the photovoltaic generator having an open-circuit voltage higher than an insulation design voltage of its photovoltaic modules and being connected to an AC power grid via an inverter, the surge voltage exceeding the insulation design voltage, the method comprising the steps: - surveying the photovoltaic generator for the occurrence of the ground fault or the resulting surge voltage, and - short-circuiting the photovoltaic generator upon occurrence of the ground fault or the resulting surge voltage, characterized in that upon occurrence of the ground fault or the resulting surge voltage - at first, the photovoltaic generator is separated from an input-side intermediate link capacitance of the inverter, and the inverter is separated from the AC power grid, - then, the input-side intermediate link capacitance of the inverter is discharged via a resistor, - prior to permanently closing semiconductor switches (V1 to V6) of an inverter bridge of the inverter and to reconnecting the photovoltaic generator to the input-side intermediate link capacitance of the inverter to short circuit the photovoltaic generator. - surveying the photovoltaic generator for the occurrence of the ground fault or the resulting surge voltage, and - short-circuiting the photovoltaic generator upon occurrence of the ground fault or the resulting surge voltage, - at first, the photovoltaic generator is separated from an input-side intermediate link capacitance of the inverter, and the inverter is separated from the AC power grid, - then, the input-side intermediate link capacitance of the inverter is discharged via a resistor, - prior to permanently closing semiconductor switches (V1 to V6) of an inverter bridge of the inverter and to reconnecting the photovoltaic generator to the input-side intermediate link capacitance of the inverter to short circuit the photovoltaic generator.
A charging apparatus comprising: a battery pack which includes a plurality of battery cells, cell voltage detection unit for detecting a cell voltage of a battery cell to output a cell voltage detection signal if a detected value is equal to or greater than a cell voltage threshold value, and a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the battery pack; and a charger to which the battery pack is freely removably mounted, the charger including a power supply circuit for charging the battery cells of the battery pack, pack voltage detection unit for detecting a pack voltage across two terminals of the battery pack, and a charging control circuit configured to control the power supply circuit, wherein if a detected temperature from the temperature sensor exceeds a temperature threshold value, the charging control circuit is configured to perform a first mode charging that a constant current charging is switched to a constant voltage charging when the cell voltage detection signal is received from the cell voltage detection unit, and, if the detected temperature from the temperature sensor is equal to or smaller than the temperature threshold value, the charging control circuit is configured to perform a second mode charging that the constant current charging is switched to the constant voltage charging when the cell voltage detection signal is received from the cell voltage detection unit or a detected pack voltage from the pack voltage detection unit becomes equal to or greater than a pack voltage threshold value, whichever occurs first. a battery pack which includes a plurality of battery cells, cell voltage detection unit for detecting a cell voltage of a battery cell to output a cell voltage detection signal if a detected value is equal to or greater than a cell voltage threshold value, and a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature of the battery pack; and a charger to which the battery pack is freely removably mounted, the charger including a power supply circuit for charging the battery cells of the battery pack, pack voltage detection unit for detecting a pack voltage across two terminals of the battery pack, and a charging control circuit configured to control the power supply circuit, wherein if a detected temperature from the temperature sensor exceeds a temperature threshold value, the charging control circuit is configured to perform a first mode charging that a constant current charging is switched to a constant voltage charging when the cell voltage detection signal is received from the cell voltage detection unit, and, if the detected temperature from the temperature sensor is equal to or smaller than the temperature threshold value, the charging control circuit is configured to perform a second mode charging that the constant current charging is switched to the constant voltage charging when the cell voltage detection signal is received from the cell voltage detection unit or a detected pack voltage from the pack voltage detection unit becomes equal to or greater than a pack voltage threshold value, whichever occurs first.
A method for making a coated article, the method comprising: providing a first sputtering target comprising Zr; providing a second sputtering target comprising Zn; and co-sputtering from at least the first and second sputtering targets onto a glass substrate to form a layer comprising Zn x Zr y O z, which has anti -bacterial and/or anti-microbial properties, wherein a different sputtering power is applied for each of the first and second targets in order to control the composition of the layer, wherein the power for the Zn target is from 1.6 to 3.6 kW, and the power for the Zr target is from 1.5 to 3.5 kW. providing a first sputtering target comprising Zr; providing a second sputtering target comprising Zn; and co-sputtering from at least the first and second sputtering targets onto a glass substrate to form a layer comprising Zn x Zr y O z, which has anti -bacterial and/or anti-microbial properties, wherein a different sputtering power is applied for each of the first and second targets in order to control the composition of the layer, wherein the power for the Zn target is from 1.6 to 3.6 kW, and the power for the Zr target is from 1.5 to 3.5 kW.
An apparatus, comprising means for: providing data representing one or more acoustic properties of a virtual scene, the virtual scene being for output to a user device associated with a user and comprising one or more audio sources at respective locations; identifying, based on a position of the user with respect to the one or more audio sources and the one or more acoustic properties of the virtual scene, one or more audio sources not meeting a predetermined criterion; providing, via a user interface associated with the user device, one or more indicators respectively corresponding to the one or more identified audio sources; and responsive to selection of one of the one or more indicators, changing the user position in the virtual scene so that the user is closer to the corresponding audio source. providing data representing one or more acoustic properties of a virtual scene, the virtual scene being for output to a user device associated with a user and comprising one or more audio sources at respective locations; identifying, based on a position of the user with respect to the one or more audio sources and the one or more acoustic properties of the virtual scene, one or more audio sources not meeting a predetermined criterion; providing, via a user interface associated with the user device, one or more indicators respectively corresponding to the one or more identified audio sources; and responsive to selection of one of the one or more indicators, changing the user position in the virtual scene so that the user is closer to the corresponding audio source.
A compound of the formula wherein one or two radicals of the radicals R 1 are independently of one another C 1 -C 20 alkyloxy or C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyloxy and the remaining radicals R 1 are independently of one another hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 alkyl or C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl; the radicals R 0 and R 2 are independently of one another hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or a group of the formula (II-a) with R 3 being hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl, C 1 -C 20 alkyloxy or C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyloxy; Y is C 2 -C 12 alkylene; m is 0 or 1; n is 1,2 or 3; when n is 1, X is hydrogen, C 1 -C 20 alkyl, C 3 -C 12 cycloalkyl or a group of the formula (II-a); when n is 2, X is C 2 -C 12 alkylene; when n is 3, X is a group N(Z-) 3 with Z being C 2 -C 12 alkylene.
A plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) apparatus for performing a deposition process by using a mask with respect to a substrate, the deposition apparatus comprising: a chamber including a transparent window at a lower part of the chamber; a support unit in the chamber, the support unit including first holes and being configured to support the substrate; a supply unit configured to supply at least one deposition raw material toward the substrate; movable alignment units through the first holes of the support unit, the alignment units being configured to support the mask and to align the mask with respect to the substrate, alignment confirmation members, disposed opposite to the supply unit with the support unit therebetween, the alignment confirmation members configured to confirm an alignment state of the substrate and the mask through the transparent window of the chamber, wherein a cross-sectional area of the alignment units is smaller than a cross sectional area of the first holes, the alignment units being movable in three dimensions inside the first holes; and a power unit configured to apply voltage between the supply unit and the support unit to generate plasma, wherein the deposition apparatus further comprises lift pins through second holes in the support unit, the lift pins being configured to support the substrate and to move vertically in the second holes to dispose the substrate onto the support unit, optionally wherein the second holes are closer to a center region of the support unit than the first holes. a chamber including a transparent window at a lower part of the chamber; a support unit in the chamber, the support unit including first holes and being configured to support the substrate; a supply unit configured to supply at least one deposition raw material toward the substrate; movable alignment units through the first holes of the support unit, the alignment units being configured to support the mask and to align the mask with respect to the substrate, alignment confirmation members, disposed opposite to the supply unit with the support unit therebetween, the alignment confirmation members configured to confirm an alignment state of the substrate and the mask through the transparent window of the chamber, wherein a cross-sectional area of the alignment units is smaller than a cross sectional area of the first holes, the alignment units being movable in three dimensions inside the first holes; and a power unit configured to apply voltage between the supply unit and the support unit to generate plasma, wherein the deposition apparatus further comprises lift pins through second holes in the support unit, the lift pins being configured to support the substrate and to move vertically in the second holes to dispose the substrate onto the support unit, optionally wherein the second holes are closer to a center region of the support unit than the first holes.
A pipette tip comprising: - an attachment section configured to be attached to a dispensing device, - a liquid containing section configured to receive at least part of an aspired liquid sample, and - a liquid aspiration section, connected to the liquid containing section, and comprising: - a distal end aspiration opening, - at least one further aspiration opening in a side wall, and - a projecting lip surrounding the distal end aspiration opening, characterized in that the projecting lip forms a trumpet shaped end. - an attachment section configured to be attached to a dispensing device, - a liquid containing section configured to receive at least part of an aspired liquid sample, and - a liquid aspiration section, connected to the liquid containing section, and comprising: - a distal end aspiration opening, - at least one further aspiration opening in a side wall, and - a distal end aspiration opening, - at least one further aspiration opening in a side wall, and - a projecting lip surrounding the distal end aspiration opening,
Fuel-operated heating system, especially for a vehicle, comprising a burner area, a combustion air supply arrangement for supplying combustion air to the burner area, a fuel supply arrangement for supplying fuel to the burner area, wherein the combustion air supply arrangement and the fuel supply arrangement are controlled by a control device, characterized by an ethanol content detection arrangement for creating an information representing the ethanol content in the fuel for the control device, wherein the ethanol content detection arrangement comprises an ethanol sensor detecting the ethanol content of the fuel prior to its insertion into the burner area, and wherein the control device is adapted for adjusting the amount of fuel supplied by the fuel supply arrangement to the burner area depending on said information.
Photoacoustic gas sensor device, for determining a value indicative of a presence or a concentration of a component in a gas, the photoacoustic gas sensor device comprising: - a measurement cell enclosing a measurement volume, - a gas permeable area in the measurement cell for a gas to enter the measurement volume, - an electromagnetic radiation source arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation into the measurement volume, and - a pressure transducer arranged to measure a sound wave generated by the component in response to an absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the component in the measurement volume, wherein the gas permeable area is represented by a porous gas permeable membrane, wherein an average pore size of the porous gas permeable membrane is between 10 nm and 1 μm, wherein a porosity of the porous gas permeable membrane is between 20% and 50%, wherein a dimension of the measurement volume is between 0.03 cm 3 and 8 cm 3, wherein a diameter of the gas permeable area is between 0.2 mm and 4 mm. - a measurement cell enclosing a measurement volume, - a gas permeable area in the measurement cell for a gas to enter the measurement volume, - an electromagnetic radiation source arranged to emit electromagnetic radiation into the measurement volume, and - a pressure transducer arranged to measure a sound wave generated by the component in response to an absorption of electromagnetic radiation by the component in the measurement volume, wherein the gas permeable area is represented by a porous gas permeable membrane, wherein an average pore size of the porous gas permeable membrane is between 10 nm and 1 μm, wherein a porosity of the porous gas permeable membrane is between 20% and 50%, wherein a dimension of the measurement volume is between 0.03 cm 3 and 8 cm 3, wherein a diameter of the gas permeable area is between 0.2 mm and 4 mm. wherein the gas permeable area is represented by a porous gas permeable membrane, wherein an average pore size of the porous gas permeable membrane is between 10 nm and 1 μm, wherein a porosity of the porous gas permeable membrane is between 20% and 50%, wherein a dimension of the measurement volume is between 0.03 cm 3 and 8 cm 3, wherein a diameter of the gas permeable area is between 0.2 mm and 4 mm.
A method for routing messages through a mesh network comprising a plurality of nodes, wherein a message is sent from a sending node to a receiving node; the method comprising: defining a routing table designating a path from a source node to a destination node through the mesh network, defining a neighbor table specifying one or more neighbor nodes (40a, 40b, 40c) from the plurality of nodes which are in the neighborhood of the sending node, if the destination node is not in the neighbor table of the sending node, transmitting the message by the sending node to a receiving node adapted to forward the message to the destination node in accordance with the routing table, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes (40a, 40b, 40c) save the message in internal storage and a predetermined number of helping nodes from the one or more neighbor nodes repeat the message after respective predetermined time intervals have passed after detecting transmission or retransmission of the message, the number of helping nodes being smaller or equal than the number of neighbor nodes. defining a routing table designating a path from a source node to a destination node through the mesh network, defining a neighbor table specifying one or more neighbor nodes (40a, 40b, 40c) from the plurality of nodes which are in the neighborhood of the sending node, if the destination node is not in the neighbor table of the sending node, transmitting the message by the sending node to a receiving node adapted to forward the message to the destination node in accordance with the routing table, wherein the one or more neighbor nodes (40a, 40b, 40c) save the message in internal storage and a predetermined number of helping nodes from the one or more neighbor nodes repeat the message after respective predetermined time intervals have passed after detecting transmission or retransmission of the message, the number of helping nodes being smaller or equal than the number of neighbor nodes.
Arrangement for spatially resolving projected-capacitive touch detection, including an electrically isolating substrate, with a plurality of electrically conducting areas of a first type and of a second type arranged next to one another on the substrate, wherein the areas within one type regularly have a uniform area configuration, and wherein the areas of the first type are electrically interconnected to form a plurality of transmitter electrodes and the areas of the second type are electrically connected to form a plurality of receiver electrodes, and are arranged to form substantially a regular pattern owing to their type-specific rule-conforming area configuration and placement, wherein an opening is formed in the substrate, characterized in that the receiver electrodes are interconnected in columns and the transmission electrodes are interconnected in rows, in that the areas of the first type and the areas of the second type are arranged in alternation, in that the area of one type is surrounded by a plurality of areas of the other type while in each case observing a minimum distance, and in that at least one first area (1b, 2a) of the first type or of the second type that is adjoining the opening and is configured to be non-rule-conforming with respect to its type-specific area configuration and/or placement is provided such that the specified minimum distance from in each case at least two areas (1a, 1a') of the other type that are closest is attained.
Railway transport system comprising a railway vehicle and an installation for supplying power to the railway vehicle comprising a track punctuated by station stops (Sx), said vehicle including: - at least one traction motor and at least one auxiliary equipment item, and - an energy storage device installed on-board the vehicle, said on-board energy storage device being capable of supplying power to said at least one traction motor and said at least one auxiliary equipment item, and being able: - to be supplied with electrical energy when said vehicle is stopped at a station stop (S x), and - to travel on the track, where the power supply installation comprises a ground power supply device installed on a portion of the track between two successive station stops (S x, S y), the energy that the energy storage device is capable of making available to said at least one traction motor and/or said at least one auxiliary equipment item on a trip T xy between the two successive station stops (S x, S y) being insufficient to fulfil a predefined route plan, said ground power supply device being capable of supplying power to at least said energy storage device or said at least one traction motor or said at least one auxiliary equipment item when said vehicle is connected to said ground power supply device, and in that the ground power supply device is segmented in its longitudinal direction into power supply segments separated by insulating segments, each ground power supply segment being able to be supplied with electrical energy only when it is inside the footprint of a vehicle. - at least one traction motor and at least one auxiliary equipment item, and - an energy storage device installed on-board the vehicle, said on-board energy storage device being capable of supplying power to said at least one traction motor and said at least one auxiliary equipment item, - to be supplied with electrical energy when said vehicle is stopped at a station stop (S x), and - to travel on the track,
Segmented exhaust nozzle for use with a jet engine to inhibit jet exhaust noise emitted from the jet engine, said exhaust nozzle comprising: - a nozzle outer wall spaced apart from an imaginary axial center line (C L) of said nozzle; - a nozzle inner wall, wherein said nozzle outer wall and said nozzle inner wall co-operatively form an annular exhaust gas flow path therebetween; - said outer wall curving toward said imaginary axial center line (C L) from a first point to a second point positioned downstream of said first point to define a protrusion that extends into said exhaust gas flow path to reduce a cross sectional area of said exhaust gas flow path, thereby forming a choke flow control region; - said nozzle including a segmented region downstream of said choke flow control region; - through the segmented region of said nozzle, said outer wall gradually curving away from said imaginary axial center line from said second point to a third point downstream of said second point, characterized in that - said outer wall then gradually curves back toward said center line (C L) from said third point to a fourth point downstream of said third point, to define said segmented region which provides an increased cross-sectional area for unchoked flow control; and - a downstream edge of said segmented region defining a nozzle exit area having an effective cross sectional area substantially equal to an area at an intermediate point located between said second and third points (22, 24). - a nozzle outer wall spaced apart from an imaginary axial center line (C L) of said nozzle; - a nozzle inner wall, wherein said nozzle outer wall and said nozzle inner wall co-operatively form an annular exhaust gas flow path therebetween; - said outer wall curving toward said imaginary axial center line (C L) from a first point to a second point positioned downstream of said first point to define a protrusion that extends into said exhaust gas flow path to reduce a cross sectional area of said exhaust gas flow path, thereby forming a choke flow control region; - said nozzle including a segmented region downstream of said choke flow control region; - through the segmented region of said nozzle, said outer wall gradually curving away from said imaginary axial center line from said second point to a third point downstream of said second point, - said outer wall then gradually curves back toward said center line (C L) from said third point to a fourth point downstream of said third point, to define said segmented region which provides an increased cross-sectional area for unchoked flow control; and - a downstream edge of said segmented region defining a nozzle exit area having an effective cross sectional area substantially equal to an area at an intermediate point located between said second and third points (22, 24).