Microscope comprising an excitation beam path, in which - a light source for providing excitation radiation; - a scanning apparatus for the controlled deflection of the excitation radiation; - an objective for illuminating a sample located in a sample space with the excitation radiation and for capturing detection radiation brought about by means of the excitation radiation; and - means for switching between a first operating mode of the microscope and a second operating mode of the microscope are present; characterized in that - a colour splitter, which is reflective to the excitation radiation and on account of whose effect a beam of the excitation radiation is reflected along the further excitation beam path, is present in the excitation beam path; - a first apparatus for introducing optical elements into the excitation beam path is present in the excitation beam path between the light source and the colour splitter, wherein, in a first operating state of the microscope, a first cylindrical optical element (5.1) can be introduced into the excitation beam path by means of the first apparatus; - a second apparatus for introducing optical elements into the excitation beam path is present in the excitation beam path between the colour splitter and the scanning apparatus, wherein, in the first operating state of the microscope, a second cylindrical optical element (9.1) can be introduced into the excitation beam path by means of the second apparatus; and - a switching element is present, by means of which a selection can be made between a first detection path and a second detection path in a detection beam path and the captured detection radiation is steered accordingly into the respectively selected detection path (16, 20). - a light source for providing excitation radiation; - a scanning apparatus for the controlled deflection of the excitation radiation; - an objective for illuminating a sample located in a sample space with the excitation radiation and for capturing detection radiation brought about by means of the excitation radiation; and - means for switching between a first operating mode of the microscope and a second operating mode of the microscope are present; characterized in that - a colour splitter, which is reflective to the excitation radiation and on account of whose effect a beam of the excitation radiation is reflected along the further excitation beam path, is present in the excitation beam path; - a first apparatus for introducing optical elements into the excitation beam path is present in the excitation beam path between the light source and the colour splitter, wherein, in a first operating state of the microscope, a first cylindrical optical element (5.1) can be introduced into the excitation beam path by means of the first apparatus; - a second apparatus for introducing optical elements into the excitation beam path is present in the excitation beam path between the colour splitter and the scanning apparatus, wherein, in the first operating state of the microscope, a second cylindrical optical element (9.1) can be introduced into the excitation beam path by means of the second apparatus; and - a switching element is present, by means of which a selection can be made between a first detection path and a second detection path in a detection beam path and the captured detection radiation is steered accordingly into the respectively selected detection path (16, 20).