Use of a compound corresponding to Formula I in which - X and Y together represent a keto function (=O), an oxime group (=NOH) or a methyloxime group (=NOMe) or X represents a hydroxyl and Y a hydrogen atom; - B represents a hydroxyl radical and C and D, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched alkyl radical, comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or B and C together represent a keto function and D a methyl, hydroxyl, or methylamine radical; or B and C represent a hydrogen atom and D a methylamine radical; or B and C together represent an oxime group and D a methyl radical; and - R represents a linear or branched alkyl radical, comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; or one of the addition salts thereof with pharmaceutically acceptable acids, or one of the esters thereof or one of the addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable acids of said esters, for the preparation of a cytoprotective medicament against the consequences at cellular level of osteoporosis, osteomyelitis, arthritis, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis, avascular necrosis, progressive ossifying fibrodysplasia, rickets, Cushing syndrome; Duchenne muscular dystrophy, myotonic dystrophies, myopathies and myasthenias; dermatitis, eczema, psoriasis, cardiac ischemia, myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease, chronic or acute cardiac insufficiency, cardiac dysrhythmia, atrial fibrillation, ventricular fibrillation, paroxysmal tachycardia, cardiac insufficiency, anoxia, hypoxia, secondary effects due to treatment with antineoplastic agents; artherosclerosis, arterial sclerosis, peripheral vascular diseases, aneurysms; anemia, vascular amyloidosis, hemorrhage, sickle-cell anemia, red cell fragmentation syndrome, neutropenia, leucopenia, medullar aplasia, pancytopenia, thrombocytopenia, hemophilia; pneumonia, asthma; chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases such as for example chronic bronchitis and emphysema; ulcers of the gastrointestinal tract; hepatitis, particularly hepatitis of viral origin or having other infectious agents as causal agent, autoimmune hepatitis, fulminant hepatitis, Wilson's disease, cirrhosis, non-alcoholic hepatic steatosis, diseases of the liver due to toxins or drugs; acute or chronic pancreatitis; diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus, thyroiditis; acute renal disorders or glomerulonephritis; septicemia; severe intoxication by chemical agents, toxins or drugs; accelerated aging syndrome; Crohn's disease, rheumatoid polyarthritis; lupus erythematosus; parodontitis; otosclerosis, antibiotic-induced deafness; congenital muscular dystrophy with structural mitochondrial anomaly, MELAS syndrome, MERFF syndrome, Pearson syndrome, MIDD syndrome, Wolfram syndrome, dystonia; with the exception of the preparation of a neuroprotective medicament. - X and Y together represent a keto function (=O), an oxime group (=NOH) or a methyloxime group (=NOMe) or X represents a hydroxyl and Y a hydrogen atom; - B represents a hydroxyl radical and C and D, identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched alkyl radical, comprising from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; or B and C together represent a keto function and D a methyl, hydroxyl, or methylamine radical; or B and C represent a hydrogen atom and D a methylamine radical; or B and C together represent an oxime group and D a methyl radical; and - R represents a linear or branched alkyl radical, comprising from 1 to 10 carbon atoms;