Device (1, 100) for determining the conditions of at least one component of a railway vehicle having at least one wheel (5, 105), said device (1, 100) comprising: - a measuring device (19, 118) for measuring, in use, at least one acceleration of at least one element of said railway vehicle; - a detection device (16, 115) for determining, in use, at least one distance travelled by said railway vehicle and/or at least one speed taken on by said railway vehicle; - energy conversion means (11, 110) for converting the kinetic energy generated by the rotation of said wheel (5, 105) into electrical energy; - connection means (15, 113) for connecting, in use, said energy conversion means (11, 110) directly or indirectly to said wheel (5, 105); and - electrical connection means for electrically connecting said energy conversion means (11, 110) to said measuring device (19, 118) and to said detection device (16, 115) so that when said wheel (5, 105) turns on itself, said measuring device (19, 118) and said detection device (16, 115) are electrically powered via said energy conversion means (11, 110), thereby enabling the determination of the present and future conditions of at least one component of said railway vehicle on the basis of said at least one acceleration measured by said measuring device (19, 118) and/or on the basis of said at least one distance and/or said at least one speed determined by said detection device (16, 115), said device (1, 100) being characterized in that it comprises a control unit (21, 120) for managing the operation of said measuring device (19, 118) and said detection device (16, 115); said control unit (21, 120) being electrically connected to said energy conversion means (11, 110) and operatively connected to said measuring device (19, 118) and said detection device (16, 115), and in that it comprises at least one gyroscope and a device for measuring at least one inclination of at least one element of said railway vehicle; said control unit (21, 120) being operatively connected to said gyroscope and said device for measuring at least one inclination of said at least one element. - a measuring device (19, 118) for measuring, in use, at least one acceleration of at least one element of said railway vehicle; - a detection device (16, 115) for determining, in use, at least one distance travelled by said railway vehicle and/or at least one speed taken on by said railway vehicle; - energy conversion means (11, 110) for converting the kinetic energy generated by the rotation of said wheel (5, 105) into electrical energy; - connection means (15, 113) for connecting, in use, said energy conversion means (11, 110) directly or indirectly to said wheel (5, 105); and - electrical connection means for electrically connecting said energy conversion means (11, 110) to said measuring device (19, 118) and to said detection device (16, 115) so that when said wheel (5, 105) turns on itself, said measuring device (19, 118) and said detection device (16, 115) are electrically powered via said energy conversion means (11, 110), thereby enabling the determination of the present and future conditions of at least one component of said railway vehicle on the basis of said at least one acceleration measured by said measuring device (19, 118) and/or on the basis of said at least one distance and/or said at least one speed determined by said detection device (16, 115), in that it comprises a control unit (21, 120) for managing the operation of said measuring device (19, 118) and said detection device (16, 115); said control unit (21, 120) being electrically connected to said energy conversion means (11, 110) and operatively connected to said measuring device (19, 118) and said detection device (16, 115), and in that it comprises at least one gyroscope and a device for measuring at least one inclination of at least one element of said railway vehicle; said control unit (21, 120) being operatively connected to said gyroscope and said device for measuring at least one inclination of said at least one element.