A blocked polyisocyanate composition comprising: a blocked polyisocyanate derived from a polyisocyanate and at least one blocking agent; and an anionic dispersion agent, wherein the blocking agent comprises: a compound of the following general formula, or a compound having a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom, the anionic dispersion agent has a surface tension of 32 mN/m to 51 mN/m, the surface tension being determined by Wilhelmy method using an aqueous solution consisting of 0.1% by mass, relative to a total mass of the aqueous solution, of the anionic dispersion agent and water at 25°C, and the blocked polyisocyanate composition further comprises a carboxylate salt, when the blocking agent comprises the compound having a heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom, in the general formula, R 11 represents a hydroxy group; an alkyl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; an amino group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and alkyl groups; an aryl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; or an alkoxy group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group, the amino group may form a ring by binding two of the substituents together, and R 12, R 13, and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; or an aryl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group, the amino group may form a ring by binding two of the substituents together, and at least two of R 12, R 13, and R 14 are not hydrogen atoms, wherein the anionic dispersion agent is one of or at least two of ammonium polyoxyethylene polycyclic phenyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene polycyclic phenyl ether sulfate, ammonium polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate, and sodium polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate. a compound of the following general formula, or a compound having a heterocyclic ring comprising at least one nitrogen atom, the anionic dispersion agent has a surface tension of 32 mN/m to 51 mN/m, the surface tension being determined by Wilhelmy method using an aqueous solution consisting of 0.1% by mass, relative to a total mass of the aqueous solution, of the anionic dispersion agent and water at 25°C, and the blocked polyisocyanate composition further comprises a carboxylate salt, when the blocking agent comprises the compound having a heterocyclic ring containing at least one nitrogen atom, in the general formula, R 11 represents a hydroxy group; an alkyl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; an amino group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and alkyl groups; an aryl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; or an alkoxy group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group, the amino group may form a ring by binding two of the substituents together, and R 12, R 13, and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; or an aryl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group, the amino group may form a ring by binding two of the substituents together, and at least two of R 12, R 13, and R 14 are not hydrogen atoms, wherein the anionic dispersion agent is one of or at least two of ammonium polyoxyethylene polycyclic phenyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene polycyclic phenyl ether sulfate, ammonium polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate, and sodium polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate. R 11 represents a hydroxy group; an alkyl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; an amino group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and alkyl groups; an aryl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; or an alkoxy group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group, the amino group may form a ring by binding two of the substituents together, and R 12, R 13, and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom; an alkyl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group; or an aryl group which may contain at least one substituent selected from the group consisting of a hydroxy group and an amino group, the amino group may form a ring by binding two of the substituents together, and at least two of R 12, R 13, and R 14 are not hydrogen atoms, wherein the anionic dispersion agent is one of or at least two of ammonium polyoxyethylene polycyclic phenyl ether sulfate, sodium polyoxyethylene polycyclic phenyl ether sulfate, ammonium polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate, and sodium polyoxyethylene alkylether sulfate.