A communication method for the secure management of keys and identities of an Object manufactured by a Manufacturer having a Manufacturer key pair of public key Kp, and private or secret key Ks (Ks man, Kp man), and a client having a Client key pair (Ks client, Kp client), characterized in that the management is carried out at least partially on a decentralized blockchain database, and in that the method comprises the following steps: a) Generation, by the Manufacturer, of a manufacturing key pair (Ks fab,Kp fab) obtained via a key derivation function, the manufacturing key pair being recorded in the object, and composed of a private manufacturing key (Ks fab) resulting from the derivation of the private Manufacturer key (Ks man) with a diversifier, DIV, and of a public manufacturing key Kp fab, complementary to said private key (Ks fab), the public key (Kp fab) resulting from the derivation of the public Manufacturer key (Kp man) with the same diversifier DIV; b) Publication and recording, in the blockchain, of a decentralized Identifier, DID, comprising the public manufacturing key Kp fab of the object and preferentially of the diversifier DIV used to obtain the public key Kp fab of the object: DID-DIV association; and when a Client purchases the object from said Manufacturer, the method comprises the following initialization steps: c) Providing, by the Manufacturer of the object, of the identifier of the object DID, comprising the public manufacturing key Kp fab to the client, preferentially by a mechanism outside of the blockchain, referred to as "off-chain" d) Updating the blockchain by publication of the public client key Kp client and creation of the association, in said database, between the DID and the DIV and Kp client; and when the object is switched on for the first time, the object enrolls itself according to the following steps: e) Generation of an utilization key pair (Ks util, Kp util), the generation preferably being carried out from an unknown generated by the object itself; f) Auto-enrollment using the manufacturing Key pair by publication, by the object, of its public utilization key (Kp util) in an enrollment message, and signing of the enrollment message with the private manufacturing key (Ks fab); g) Replacement, in the blockchain, of the public manufacturing key associated with the DID of the object with the public utilization key associated with the DID of the object. a) Generation, by the Manufacturer, of a manufacturing key pair (Ks fab,Kp fab) obtained via a key derivation function, the manufacturing key pair being recorded in the object, and composed of a private manufacturing key (Ks fab) resulting from the derivation of the private Manufacturer key (Ks man) with a diversifier, DIV, and of a public manufacturing key Kp fab, complementary to said private key (Ks fab), the public key (Kp fab) resulting from the derivation of the public Manufacturer key (Kp man) with the same diversifier DIV; b) Publication and recording, in the blockchain, of a decentralized Identifier, DID, comprising the public manufacturing key Kp fab of the object and preferentially of the diversifier DIV used to obtain the public key Kp fab of the object: DID-DIV association; and when a Client purchases the object from said Manufacturer, the method comprises the following initialization steps: c) Providing, by the Manufacturer of the object, of the identifier of the object DID, comprising the public manufacturing key Kp fab to the client, preferentially by a mechanism outside of the blockchain, referred to as "off-chain" d) Updating the blockchain by publication of the public client key Kp client and creation of the association, in said database, between the DID and the DIV and Kp client; and c) Providing, by the Manufacturer of the object, of the identifier of the object DID, comprising the public manufacturing key Kp fab to the client, preferentially by a mechanism outside of the blockchain, referred to as "off-chain" d) Updating the blockchain by publication of the public client key Kp client and creation of the association, in said database, between the DID and the DIV and Kp client; and when the object is switched on for the first time, the object enrolls itself according to the following steps: e) Generation of an utilization key pair (Ks util, Kp util), the generation preferably being carried out from an unknown generated by the object itself; f) Auto-enrollment using the manufacturing Key pair by publication, by the object, of its public utilization key (Kp util) in an enrollment message, and signing of the enrollment message with the private manufacturing key (Ks fab); g) Replacement, in the blockchain, of the public manufacturing key associated with the DID of the object with the public utilization key associated with the DID of the object. e) Generation of an utilization key pair (Ks util, Kp util), the generation preferably being carried out from an unknown generated by the object itself; f) Auto-enrollment using the manufacturing Key pair by publication, by the object, of its public utilization key (Kp util) in an enrollment message, and signing of the enrollment message with the private manufacturing key (Ks fab); g) Replacement, in the blockchain, of the public manufacturing key associated with the DID of the object with the public utilization key associated with the DID of the object.