A hybrid artificial wetland water purification system, comprising: a first aerobic artificial wetland that induces a vertical flow of introduced water which is to be purified, and allows pollutants to be removed, the first aerobic artificial wetland being configured to include a corresponding filtering layer, a plurality of first distribution devices, a first air introduction tube, and a first air supply unit, said plurality of first distribution devices being horizontally provided at an upper side of the filtering layer of the first aerobic artificial wetland, wherein the plurality of first distribution devices allows the water which is to be purified to be uniformly dispersed over the area of the top surface of the first aerobic artificial wetland; characterized by an anaerobic artificial wetland that induces a horizontal flow of treated water which is introduced from the first aerobic artificial wetland via a first drain, and allows pollutants to be further removed, the anaerobic artificial wetland comprising a filtering layer with an anaerobic microorganism and a corresponding medium on top of the filtering layer, whereby the corresponding filtering layer and the corresponding medium are uniformly contacted; and a second aerobic artificial wetland that induces a vertical flow of treated water which is introduced from the anaerobic artificial wetland via a further drain, and allows air to be supplied inwardly such that the amount of dissolved oxygen of the introduced treated water increases, the second aerobic artificial wetland being configured to include a corresponding filtering layer, a reed chip layer provided at an upper part of the corresponding filtering layer, and a plurality of second distribution devices, said plurality of second distribution devices being horizontally provided at an upper part of the reed chip layer of the second aerobic artificial wetland, wherein the plurality of second distribution devices allows the water from the anaerobic artificial wetland to be uniformly distributed to the upper part of the reed chip layer of the second aerobic artificial wetland. a first aerobic artificial wetland that induces a vertical flow of introduced water which is to be purified, and allows pollutants to be removed, the first aerobic artificial wetland being configured to include a corresponding filtering layer, a plurality of first distribution devices, a first air introduction tube, and a first air supply unit, said plurality of first distribution devices being horizontally provided at an upper side of the filtering layer of the first aerobic artificial wetland, wherein the plurality of first distribution devices allows the water which is to be purified to be uniformly dispersed over the area of the top surface of the first aerobic artificial wetland; characterized by an anaerobic artificial wetland that induces a horizontal flow of treated water which is introduced from the first aerobic artificial wetland via a first drain, and allows pollutants to be further removed, the anaerobic artificial wetland comprising a filtering layer with an anaerobic microorganism and a corresponding medium on top of the filtering layer, whereby the corresponding filtering layer and the corresponding medium are uniformly contacted; and a second aerobic artificial wetland that induces a vertical flow of treated water which is introduced from the anaerobic artificial wetland via a further drain, and allows air to be supplied inwardly such that the amount of dissolved oxygen of the introduced treated water increases, the second aerobic artificial wetland being configured to include a corresponding filtering layer, a reed chip layer provided at an upper part of the corresponding filtering layer, and a plurality of second distribution devices, said plurality of second distribution devices being horizontally provided at an upper part of the reed chip layer of the second aerobic artificial wetland, wherein the plurality of second distribution devices allows the water from the anaerobic artificial wetland to be uniformly distributed to the upper part of the reed chip layer of the second aerobic artificial wetland.