A method of manufacturing a zirconium nuclear fuel component, comprising: forming a zirconium alloy ingot by melting zirconium and constituent alloy elements (step 1); annealing the ingot formed in step 1 at a zirconium beta-phase temperature of 1000 to 1100°C for 10 to 40 minutes and rapidly cooling the ingot with water (step 2); preheating the ingot rapidly cooled in step 2 before hot rolling (step 3); forming a multi-pass hot-rolled plate by performing primary hot rolling at a reduction ratio of 30% to 50% and then air cooling during which secondary hot rolling is subsequently carried out at a reduction ratio of 10% to 30% at 580 to 610°C, immediately after the preheating in step 3 (step 4); subjecting the multi-pass hot-rolled plate obtained in step 4 to primary intermediate annealing and then primary cold rolling (step 5); subjecting the rolled plate, having undergone the primary cold rolling in step 5, to secondary intermediate annealing and then secondary cold rolling (step 6); subjecting the rolled plate, having undergone the secondary cold rolling in step 6, to tertiary intermediate annealing and then tertiary cold rolling (step 7); and subjecting the rolled plate, having undergone the tertiary cold rolling in step 7, to final annealing (step 8); whereby an average size of precipitates in a matrix is controlled to 35 nm or less; wherein the zirconium alloy ingot comprises 1.3 to 1.8 wt% of niobium (Nb); 0.1 wt% of tin (Sn); 0.1 to 0.3 wt% of chromium (Cr); 600 to 1,000 ppm of oxygen and a remainder of zirconium (Zr); or the zirconium alloy ingot comprises 1.3 to 1.8 wt% of niobium (Nb); 0.1 to 0.3 wt% of copper (Cu); 600 to 1,000 ppm of oxygen and a remainder of zirconium (Zr). forming a zirconium alloy ingot by melting zirconium and constituent alloy elements (step 1); annealing the ingot formed in step 1 at a zirconium beta-phase temperature of 1000 to 1100°C for 10 to 40 minutes and rapidly cooling the ingot with water (step 2); preheating the ingot rapidly cooled in step 2 before hot rolling (step 3); forming a multi-pass hot-rolled plate by performing primary hot rolling at a reduction ratio of 30% to 50% and then air cooling during which secondary hot rolling is subsequently carried out at a reduction ratio of 10% to 30% at 580 to 610°C, immediately after the preheating in step 3 (step 4); subjecting the multi-pass hot-rolled plate obtained in step 4 to primary intermediate annealing and then primary cold rolling (step 5); subjecting the rolled plate, having undergone the primary cold rolling in step 5, to secondary intermediate annealing and then secondary cold rolling (step 6); subjecting the rolled plate, having undergone the secondary cold rolling in step 6, to tertiary intermediate annealing and then tertiary cold rolling (step 7); and subjecting the rolled plate, having undergone the tertiary cold rolling in step 7, to final annealing (step 8); whereby an average size of precipitates in a matrix is controlled to 35 nm or less; wherein the zirconium alloy ingot comprises 1.3 to 1.8 wt% of niobium (Nb); 0.1 wt% of tin (Sn); 0.1 to 0.3 wt% of chromium (Cr); 600 to 1,000 ppm of oxygen and a remainder of zirconium (Zr); or the zirconium alloy ingot comprises 1.3 to 1.8 wt% of niobium (Nb); 0.1 to 0.3 wt% of copper (Cu); 600 to 1,000 ppm of oxygen and a remainder of zirconium (Zr).