Optical arrangement for the spectral decomposition of light with wavelengths λ in a spectral range λ 1 ≤ λ ≤ λ 2, the optical arrangement comprising a reflection diffraction grating, wherein - a first medium with a refractive index n in is arranged on a light incidence side of the reflection diffraction grating, and a second medium with a refractive index n G is arranged on a side of the reflection diffraction grating that faces away from the light incidence side, with n in > n G, - the optical arrangement is configured in such a way that light impinges on the reflection diffraction grating from the first medium at an angle of incidence α, wherein the condition sin(α) > n G /n in is satisfied, and - the reflection diffraction grating comprises a layer system with at least one unstructured layer and at least one structured layer, the at least one structured layer having a periodic structure with a period p in the lateral direction, wherein the period p meets the following conditions: p < λ / n in * sin α + n G and p > λ / n in * sin α + n in, - the at least one structured layer with the period p is arranged on a side of the reflection diffraction grating that faces away from the light incidence side, - the first medium is formed by a prism, - the prism comprises a first surface, a second surface and a third surface, and - the first surface of the prism is a light input surface of the optical arrangement, characterized in that - the second surface of the prism is configured to reflect incident light to the third surface, - the reflection diffraction grating for the spectral decomposition of the incident light is arranged on the third surface of the prism, - the second surface is a light output surface of the light that is reflected and spectrally decomposed by the reflection diffraction grating, and - before being deflected towards the third surface, the light is incident on the second surface at an angle (Ψ) which is greater than a critical angle of total internal reflection. - a first medium with a refractive index n in is arranged on a light incidence side of the reflection diffraction grating, and a second medium with a refractive index n G is arranged on a side of the reflection diffraction grating that faces away from the light incidence side, with n in > n G, - the optical arrangement is configured in such a way that light impinges on the reflection diffraction grating from the first medium at an angle of incidence α, wherein the condition sin(α) > n G /n in is satisfied, and - the reflection diffraction grating comprises a layer system with at least one unstructured layer and at least one structured layer, the at least one structured layer having a periodic structure with a period p in the lateral direction, wherein the period p meets the following conditions: p < λ / n in * sin α + n G and p > λ / n in * sin α + n in, - the at least one structured layer with the period p is arranged on a side of the reflection diffraction grating that faces away from the light incidence side, - the first medium is formed by a prism, - the prism comprises a first surface, a second surface and a third surface, and - the first surface of the prism is a light input surface of the optical arrangement, - the second surface of the prism is configured to reflect incident light to the third surface, - the reflection diffraction grating for the spectral decomposition of the incident light is arranged on the third surface of the prism, - the second surface is a light output surface of the light that is reflected and spectrally decomposed by the reflection diffraction grating, and - before being deflected towards the third surface, the light is incident on the second surface at an angle (Ψ) which is greater than a critical angle of total internal reflection.