A method of preparing a superhydrophobic silicon-aluminum-zirconium composite material having a measurement of the water droplet contact angle greater than 150° the composite material comprising a silicon-aluminum-zirconium aerogel and a fiber material, wherein components of the silicon-aluminum-zirconium aerogel and mass percentages of the components are as follows: SiO 2 30%-95%, Al 2 O 3 5%-70%, and ZrO2 having a mass percentage of greater than 0 and not greater than 10%, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: step S 1: preparing an aluminium oxide sol, mixing an aluminum source, ethanol, deionized water and stirring uniformly to form a colorless transparent solution, i.e., the aluminium oxide sol; step S2: preparing a silicon oxide-zirconium oxide sol, mixing a silicon source comprising at least one of hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, and fluorosilane, a zirconium source, ethanol, and deionized water, and sufficiently stirring to form a colorless transparent solution, i.e., the silicon oxide-zirconium oxide sol; step S3: mixing the aluminium oxide sol in step S1 with the silicon oxide-zirconium oxide sol in step S2, adding propylene oxide, stirring for 30 to 60 minutes, and putting aside to obtain a silicon-aluminum-zirconium aerogel; step S4: performing a surface pretreatment on the fiber material, and then impregnating the fiber material into the silicon-aluminum-zirconium aerogel, and gelatinizing the silicon-aluminum-zirconium composite sol in the mixture at 50-80°C to obtain a silicon-aluminum-zirconium composite gel; step S5: ageing at 20-30°C for 20-30 hours, and replacing with anhydrous ethanol, removing a reaction waste liquid, and then putting into a high-pressure container and drying with ethanol as a drying medium at a drying temperature of 240°C-280°C, to obtain the silicon-aluminum-zirconium composite material. step S 1: preparing an aluminium oxide sol, mixing an aluminum source, ethanol, deionized water and stirring uniformly to form a colorless transparent solution, i.e., the aluminium oxide sol; step S2: preparing a silicon oxide-zirconium oxide sol, mixing a silicon source comprising at least one of hexamethyldisilazane, trimethylchlorosilane, and fluorosilane, a zirconium source, ethanol, and deionized water, and sufficiently stirring to form a colorless transparent solution, i.e., the silicon oxide-zirconium oxide sol; step S3: mixing the aluminium oxide sol in step S1 with the silicon oxide-zirconium oxide sol in step S2, adding propylene oxide, stirring for 30 to 60 minutes, and putting aside to obtain a silicon-aluminum-zirconium aerogel; step S4: performing a surface pretreatment on the fiber material, and then impregnating the fiber material into the silicon-aluminum-zirconium aerogel, and gelatinizing the silicon-aluminum-zirconium composite sol in the mixture at 50-80°C to obtain a silicon-aluminum-zirconium composite gel; step S5: ageing at 20-30°C for 20-30 hours, and replacing with anhydrous ethanol, removing a reaction waste liquid, and then putting into a high-pressure container and drying with ethanol as a drying medium at a drying temperature of 240°C-280°C, to obtain the silicon-aluminum-zirconium composite material.