System for identification and active control of vibrations in a structure, comprising: at least one inertial device associable with said structure, said inertial device comprising at least one movable mass and configured for a first controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, in order to excite said structure; one or more movement sensors configured for detecting vibrations of said structure; at least one processing device (202, 302) operatively connected to said one or more movement sensors and to said at least one inertial device, said at least one processing device (202, 302) being configured for: - identifying a set of first parameters, said first parameters being determinable by said one or more movement sensors in response to environment-induced vibrations of said structure, wherein said set of first parameters include one or more of: at least one mass, at least one stiffness, at least one damping; - identifying a set of second parameters, said second parameters being determinable by said one or more movement sensors in response to said first controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, wherein said set of second parameters include one or more of: at least one mass, at least one stiffness, at least one damping; - calculating a dynamic model wherein said set of first parameters and said set of second parameters are made consistent taking into account said at least one movable mass; - detecting threshold-exceeding vibrations of said structure by said one or more movement sensors; - controlling said at least one inertial device, wherein said at least one inertial device is further configured for a second controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, based on said dynamic model. at least one inertial device associable with said structure, said inertial device comprising at least one movable mass and configured for a first controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, in order to excite said structure; one or more movement sensors configured for detecting vibrations of said structure; at least one processing device (202, 302) operatively connected to said one or more movement sensors and to said at least one inertial device, said at least one processing device (202, 302) being configured for: - identifying a set of first parameters, said first parameters being determinable by said one or more movement sensors in response to environment-induced vibrations of said structure, wherein said set of first parameters include one or more of: at least one mass, at least one stiffness, at least one damping; - identifying a set of second parameters, said second parameters being determinable by said one or more movement sensors in response to said first controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, wherein said set of second parameters include one or more of: at least one mass, at least one stiffness, at least one damping; - calculating a dynamic model wherein said set of first parameters and said set of second parameters are made consistent taking into account said at least one movable mass; - detecting threshold-exceeding vibrations of said structure by said one or more movement sensors; - controlling said at least one inertial device, wherein said at least one inertial device is further configured for a second controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, based on said dynamic model. - identifying a set of first parameters, said first parameters being determinable by said one or more movement sensors in response to environment-induced vibrations of said structure, wherein said set of first parameters include one or more of: at least one mass, at least one stiffness, at least one damping; - identifying a set of second parameters, said second parameters being determinable by said one or more movement sensors in response to said first controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, wherein said set of second parameters include one or more of: at least one mass, at least one stiffness, at least one damping; - calculating a dynamic model wherein said set of first parameters and said set of second parameters are made consistent taking into account said at least one movable mass; - detecting threshold-exceeding vibrations of said structure by said one or more movement sensors; - controlling said at least one inertial device, wherein said at least one inertial device is further configured for a second controlled movement of said at least one movable mass, based on said dynamic model.