A macromer of formula I or formula II: wherein each of R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 18 alkoxy, optionally substituted C 6 -C 18 aryl, optionally substituted C 4 -C 18 acyl, optionally substituted C 4 -C 18 acyloxy, NR a R b, wherein R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, a water soluble group, ethylene oxide oligomers and an ethylene oxide oligomer methyl ether; alternatively, R 1 and R 2 and/or R 3 and R 4 together with the carbons to which they are attached, join to form a an optionally substituted 4-, 5-, or 6-membered ring; each R 5 is independently a member selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, ethylene oxide oligomers and an ethylene oxide oligomer methyl ether; each p is a value from 0-3; m is a value selected from the group consisting of 1-10,000, wherein at least one indenofluorene monomer is substituted with one or more water-solubilizing groups; each of A and B, can be present or absent and can each be the same or different, and each is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic group or heteroaromatic group, wherein substituents 1, 2 and 3 share a conjugated π-electron system with the polyindenofluorene unit; each of 1, 2 and 3 can be present or absent and can each be the same or different, and each is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic group or heteroaromatic group, which group completes a π-conjugated backbone; n and o are each independently a value selected from the group consisting of 0-10,000, wherein the monomers within m, n, and o may be the same or different; E 1 and E 2 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, substituted aryl, boronic acid substituted aryl, boronic ester substituted aryl, boronic ester, boronic acid, optionally substituted fluorene and aryl or heteroaryl substituted with one or more pendant chains terminated with: i) a functional group selected from amine, carbamate, carboxylic acid, carboxylate, maleimide, activated esters, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, hydrazines, hydrazids, hydrazones, azide, alkyne, aldehydes, thiols, and protected groups thereof for conjugation to a molecule or biomolecule; or ii) a conjugated organic dye or biomolecule; and wherein the macromer of Forumla I or II can be an alternating copolymer, a block copolymer, a random copolymer or a graph copolymer between E 1 and E 2. wherein each of R 1, R 2, R 3 and R 4 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl, an optionally substituted C 1 -C 18 alkoxy, optionally substituted C 6 -C 18 aryl, optionally substituted C 4 -C 18 acyl, optionally substituted C 4 -C 18 acyloxy, NR a R b, wherein R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or lower alkyl, a water soluble group, ethylene oxide oligomers and an ethylene oxide oligomer methyl ether; alternatively, R 1 and R 2 and/or R 3 and R 4 together with the carbons to which they are attached, join to form a an optionally substituted 4-, 5-, or 6-membered ring; each R 5 is independently a member selected from the group consisting of halo, alkyl, alkoxy, amino, ethylene oxide oligomers and an ethylene oxide oligomer methyl ether; each p is a value from 0-3; m is a value selected from the group consisting of 1-10,000, wherein at least one indenofluorene monomer is substituted with one or more water-solubilizing groups; each of A and B, can be present or absent and can each be the same or different, and each is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic group or heteroaromatic group, wherein substituents 1, 2 and 3 share a conjugated π-electron system with the polyindenofluorene unit; each of 1, 2 and 3 can be present or absent and can each be the same or different, and each is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic group or heteroaromatic group, which group completes a π-conjugated backbone; n and o are each independently a value selected from the group consisting of 0-10,000, wherein the monomers within m, n, and o may be the same or different; E 1 and E 2 are each independently a member selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, halo, substituted aryl, boronic acid substituted aryl, boronic ester substituted aryl, boronic ester, boronic acid, optionally substituted fluorene and aryl or heteroaryl substituted with one or more pendant chains terminated with: i) a functional group selected from amine, carbamate, carboxylic acid, carboxylate, maleimide, activated esters, N-hydroxysuccinimidyl, hydrazines, hydrazids, hydrazones, azide, alkyne, aldehydes, thiols, and protected groups thereof for conjugation to a molecule or biomolecule; or ii) a conjugated organic dye or biomolecule; and wherein the macromer of Forumla I or II can be an alternating copolymer, a block copolymer, a random copolymer or a graph copolymer between E 1 and E 2.