A processing and observation system for implementing Earth observation, the system comprising: - at least one ground communication module installed in a ground station; - a first set of electronic devices embarked in a remote sensing satellite (30A, 30B) placed in a low Earth orbit and comprising a remote sensing module capable of observing the Earth and generating observation data relating to this observation and intended for the ground station; - at least two second sets of electronic devices, each second set being embarked in a remote processing satellite (40A, 40B) disposed in a sun-synchronous medium Earth orbit and comprising a remote communication module capable of communicating with the ground communication module; the first set of electronic devices further comprising a first proximal communication module and each second set of electronic devices further comprising a second proximal communication module, said proximal communication modules being capable of communicating with each other; the first proximal communication module being capable of transmitting the observation data generated by the remote sensing module to the second proximal communication module of at least one of the second sets of electronic devices; the second proximal communication module of at least one of the second sets of electronic devices being capable of transmitting the received observation data to the second proximal communication module of the other second set of electronic devices; each second set of electronic devices further comprising a processing module capable of processing the observation data received by the second proximal communication module of that set of electronic devices for transmission to the ground communication module via the remote communication module of that set of electronic devices or to the second proximal communication module of the other second set of electronic devices via the second proximal communication module of that set of electronic devices; wherein at least one of the second sets of electronic devices further comprises a remote sensing module capable of observing the Earth and of generating observation data relating to that observation; the processing module of this second set of electronic devices being capable of processing these observation data in order to produce configuration data intended for at least one remote sensing satellite (30A, 30B) and making it possible to optimise observation of the Earth; the second proximal communication module of said second set of electronic devices being capable of transmitting said configuration data to the first proximal communication module of the first set of electronic devices, the remote sensing module of the first set of electronic devices being capable of executing this configuration data received by the first proximal communication module to optimise the observation of the Earth. - at least one ground communication module installed in a ground station; - a first set of electronic devices embarked in a remote sensing satellite (30A, 30B) placed in a low Earth orbit and comprising a remote sensing module capable of observing the Earth and generating observation data relating to this observation and intended for the ground station; - at least two second sets of electronic devices, each second set being embarked in a remote processing satellite (40A, 40B) disposed in a sun-synchronous medium Earth orbit and comprising a remote communication module capable of communicating with the ground communication module; the first set of electronic devices further comprising a first proximal communication module and each second set of electronic devices further comprising a second proximal communication module, said proximal communication modules being capable of communicating with each other; the first proximal communication module being capable of transmitting the observation data generated by the remote sensing module to the second proximal communication module of at least one of the second sets of electronic devices; the second proximal communication module of at least one of the second sets of electronic devices being capable of transmitting the received observation data to the second proximal communication module of the other second set of electronic devices; each second set of electronic devices further comprising a processing module capable of processing the observation data received by the second proximal communication module of that set of electronic devices for transmission to the ground communication module via the remote communication module of that set of electronic devices or to the second proximal communication module of the other second set of electronic devices via the second proximal communication module of that set of electronic devices; wherein at least one of the second sets of electronic devices further comprises a remote sensing module capable of observing the Earth and of generating observation data relating to that observation; the processing module of this second set of electronic devices being capable of processing these observation data in order to produce configuration data intended for at least one remote sensing satellite (30A, 30B) and making it possible to optimise observation of the Earth; the second proximal communication module of said second set of electronic devices being capable of transmitting said configuration data to the first proximal communication module of the first set of electronic devices, the remote sensing module of the first set of electronic devices being capable of executing this configuration data received by the first proximal communication module to optimise the observation of the Earth.