A train brake cylinder pressure control system, comprising: a load pressure feedback device configured to generate a load pressure based on a load situation of a train; a train brake air reservoir configured to output a brake air reservoir pressure; a distributing valve comprising two input ends and one output end, and configured to adjust the brake air reservoir pressure and a brake pipe pressure and output an indirect braking precontrol pressure in a phasic manner, wherein a first input end of the distributing valve is in communication with the train brake air reservoir, and a second input end of the distributing valve is in communication with a train brake pipe; a bidirectional valve comprising two input ends and one output end, and configured to select and output the larger of a straight air braking precontrol pressure obtained by a pressure control device and the indirect braking precontrol pressure, wherein a first input end of the bidirectional valve is in communication with the train brake air reservoir through a control pipeline, and a second input end of the bidirectional valve is in communication with the output end of the distributing valve, and the control pipeline is provided with the pressure control device; a relay valve configured to adjust a train braking pressure and output a brake cylinder pressure, wherein the relay valve comprises four pressure input ends and one pressure output end, a first pressure input end of the relay valve is a basic control pressure input end, a second pressure input end of the relay valve is a high-low-pressure controlled pressure input end, and the first pressure input end and the second pressure input end are in parallel communication with the output end of the bidirectional valve, an electromagnetic valve is provided in a parallel pipeline where the second pressure input end is provided, a third pressure input end of the relay valve is a brake air reservoir pressure input end and is in communication with the train brake air reservoir, and a fourth pressure input end of the relay valve is a load pressure input end and is in communication with the load pressure feedback device; and a brake execution mechanism which is in communication with the output end of the relay valve and is configured to brake wheels of the train using the brake cylinder pressure. a load pressure feedback device configured to generate a load pressure based on a load situation of a train; a train brake air reservoir configured to output a brake air reservoir pressure; a distributing valve comprising two input ends and one output end, and configured to adjust the brake air reservoir pressure and a brake pipe pressure and output an indirect braking precontrol pressure in a phasic manner, wherein a first input end of the distributing valve is in communication with the train brake air reservoir, and a second input end of the distributing valve is in communication with a train brake pipe; a bidirectional valve comprising two input ends and one output end, and configured to select and output the larger of a straight air braking precontrol pressure obtained by a pressure control device and the indirect braking precontrol pressure, wherein a first input end of the bidirectional valve is in communication with the train brake air reservoir through a control pipeline, and a second input end of the bidirectional valve is in communication with the output end of the distributing valve, and the control pipeline is provided with the pressure control device; a relay valve configured to adjust a train braking pressure and output a brake cylinder pressure, wherein the relay valve comprises four pressure input ends and one pressure output end, a first pressure input end of the relay valve is a basic control pressure input end, a second pressure input end of the relay valve is a high-low-pressure controlled pressure input end, and the first pressure input end and the second pressure input end are in parallel communication with the output end of the bidirectional valve, an electromagnetic valve is provided in a parallel pipeline where the second pressure input end is provided, a third pressure input end of the relay valve is a brake air reservoir pressure input end and is in communication with the train brake air reservoir, and a fourth pressure input end of the relay valve is a load pressure input end and is in communication with the load pressure feedback device; and a brake execution mechanism which is in communication with the output end of the relay valve and is configured to brake wheels of the train using the brake cylinder pressure.