A method comprising: obtaining, by a controller device that manages a plurality of network devices, device-level configuration information from a network device of the plurality of network devices at a first time, wherein device-level configuration is a synonym for low-level configuration; compiling, by the controller device, one or more intents maintained by the controller device to manage the plurality of network devices into low-level configuration information, to obtain previous device-level intent configuration information of the network device, wherein the one or more intents are high-level configuration data; determining, by the controller device, one or more out-of-band, OOB, configuration changes, the determining being done based on determining the differences between the device-level configuration information from the network device and the previous device-level intent configuration information compiled from the one or more intents, wherein the OOB configuration changes are changes to the device configuration data made at the network device and that did not go through the controller device; and storing, by the controller device, the one or more OOB configuration changes associated with the network device; determining, by the controller device, one or more configuration paths for the one or more OOB configuration changes, wherein the configuration paths are nodes in a graph representation of the delta between the previous device-level intent configuration information and the device-level configuration information; and determining, by the controller device, whether the one or more configuration paths are independent of the previous device-level intent configuration information compiled from the one or more intents; and in response to determining that the one or more configuration paths are not independent of the previous device-level intent configuration information compiled from the one or more intents, storing, by the controller device, one or more overlapping resources for the one or more OOB configurations changes, wherein the overlapping resources are resources that are used by the previous device-level intent configuration and by the OOB configuration changes. obtaining, by a controller device that manages a plurality of network devices, device-level configuration information from a network device of the plurality of network devices at a first time, wherein device-level configuration is a synonym for low-level configuration; compiling, by the controller device, one or more intents maintained by the controller device to manage the plurality of network devices into low-level configuration information, to obtain previous device-level intent configuration information of the network device, wherein the one or more intents are high-level configuration data; determining, by the controller device, one or more out-of-band, OOB, configuration changes, the determining being done based on determining the differences between the device-level configuration information from the network device and the previous device-level intent configuration information compiled from the one or more intents, wherein the OOB configuration changes are changes to the device configuration data made at the network device and that did not go through the controller device; and storing, by the controller device, the one or more OOB configuration changes associated with the network device; determining, by the controller device, one or more configuration paths for the one or more OOB configuration changes, wherein the configuration paths are nodes in a graph representation of the delta between the previous device-level intent configuration information and the device-level configuration information; and determining, by the controller device, whether the one or more configuration paths are independent of the previous device-level intent configuration information compiled from the one or more intents; and in response to determining that the one or more configuration paths are not independent of the previous device-level intent configuration information compiled from the one or more intents, storing, by the controller device, one or more overlapping resources for the one or more OOB configurations changes, wherein the overlapping resources are resources that are used by the previous device-level intent configuration and by the OOB configuration changes.