An electrostatic protection structure, comprising: a data line, adapted to transmit a pixel signal; wherein the data line comprises an electrostatic diverting path having a straight section and a signal transmission path having a bending section; one terminal of the signal transmission path is connected to a pixel unit, and the other terminal of the signal transmission path is connected to a signal output terminal, wherein the other terminal of the signal transmission path is adapted to output a signal from the pixel unit; at least one electrostatic protection capacitor is provided in the electrostatic diverting path; one plate of the electrostatic protection capacitor is connected to a constant potential via a wire in a gate electrode layer; and the other plate of the electrostatic protection capacitor is connected to the signal output terminal via a data line in the electrostatic diverting path; and the two plates of the electrostatic protection capacitor are respectively formed in a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, and an intermediate medium of the electrostatic protection capacitor is formed in an active layer; or the two plates of the electrostatic protection capacitor are respectively formed in the source drain electrode layer and a common electrode layer, and the intermediate medium of the electrostatic protection capacitor is formed in a passivation layer; the signal transmission path and the electrostatic diverting path are made of materials with different resistivities; wherein the impedance of the signal transmission path is greater than the impedance of the electrostatic diverting path. a data line, adapted to transmit a pixel signal; wherein the data line comprises an electrostatic diverting path having a straight section and a signal transmission path having a bending section; one terminal of the signal transmission path is connected to a pixel unit, and the other terminal of the signal transmission path is connected to a signal output terminal, wherein the other terminal of the signal transmission path is adapted to output a signal from the pixel unit; at least one electrostatic protection capacitor is provided in the electrostatic diverting path; one plate of the electrostatic protection capacitor is connected to a constant potential via a wire in a gate electrode layer; and the other plate of the electrostatic protection capacitor is connected to the signal output terminal via a data line in the electrostatic diverting path; and the two plates of the electrostatic protection capacitor are respectively formed in a gate electrode layer and a source drain electrode layer, and an intermediate medium of the electrostatic protection capacitor is formed in an active layer; or the two plates of the electrostatic protection capacitor are respectively formed in the source drain electrode layer and a common electrode layer, and the intermediate medium of the electrostatic protection capacitor is formed in a passivation layer; the signal transmission path and the electrostatic diverting path are made of materials with different resistivities; wherein the impedance of the signal transmission path is greater than the impedance of the electrostatic diverting path.