A lifetime estimation device to estimate a service life of a rolling bearing comprising inner and outer rings, each ring having a rolling surface (10a, 11a) defined therein, and a plurality of rolling elements rollingly interposed between the respective rolling surfaces (10a, 11a) of the inner and outer rings, characterized in that the lifetime estimation device comprises: a buildup height estimation unit configured to receive an input indicating a depth of an indentation formed in one of the rolling surfaces (10a, 11a) of the inner and outer rings, or an indentation size that represents a planar size of the indentation so as to estimate in accordance with a predetermined rule a buildup height of the indentation as measured from the rolling surface (10a, 11a) based on the inputted depth of the indentation or the indentation size; and a lifetime estimation unit configured to estimate the service life of the rolling bearing in accordance with a relationship between the buildup height of the indentation and the rate of reduction in a rolling fatigue life determined during tests carried out in advance and expressed as an indentation correction coefficient ( a d) and a dynamic equivalent load; wherein the lifetime estimation unit is configured to calculate the service life L n of the rolling bearing according to the following equation: L n = a d a C P p in which a d = c • e (-bxh); a = a 1 = {[ln(1-0.01 n)]/ ln 0.9} 1/e or a = a' 1 = {0.95 [ln (1-0.01 n) / ln 0.9] 1/e + 0.05}; the parameter n is identical with n of the following service life L n; L n represents n % service life; a d represents an indentation correction coefficient; b and c represent respective constants; h represents the buildup height (μm) of the indentation; a 1 and a' 1 each represent the reliability coefficient; P represents the load (kgf); C represents the dynamic rated load (kgf); p represents the load service life exponent ( p = 3 in the case of a ball bearing or p = 10/3 in the case of a roller bearing), and e represents the Weibull slope (e = 10/9 in the case of a ball bearing or e = 9/8 in the case of a roller bearing), noting that e = 1.5 when at 10 % or smaller service life. a buildup height estimation unit configured to receive an input indicating a depth of an indentation formed in one of the rolling surfaces (10a, 11a) of the inner and outer rings, or an indentation size that represents a planar size of the indentation so as to estimate in accordance with a predetermined rule a buildup height of the indentation as measured from the rolling surface (10a, 11a) based on the inputted depth of the indentation or the indentation size; and a lifetime estimation unit configured to estimate the service life of the rolling bearing in accordance with a relationship between the buildup height of the indentation and the rate of reduction in a rolling fatigue life determined during tests carried out in advance and expressed as an indentation correction coefficient ( a d) and a dynamic equivalent load; wherein the lifetime estimation unit is configured to calculate the service life L n of the rolling bearing according to the following equation: L n = a d a C P p in which a d = c • e (-bxh); a = a 1 = {[ln(1-0.01 n)]/ ln 0.9} 1/e or a = a' 1 = {0.95 [ln (1-0.01 n) / ln 0.9] 1/e + 0.05}; the parameter n is identical with n of the following service life L n; L n represents n % service life; a d represents an indentation correction coefficient; b and c represent respective constants; h represents the buildup height (μm) of the indentation; a 1 and a' 1 each represent the reliability coefficient; P represents the load (kgf); C represents the dynamic rated load (kgf); p represents the load service life exponent ( p = 3 in the case of a ball bearing or p = 10/3 in the case of a roller bearing), and e represents the Weibull slope (e = 10/9 in the case of a ball bearing or e = 9/8 in the case of a roller bearing), noting that e = 1.5 when at 10 % or smaller service life.