A steering mechanism for a medical device, the medical device having a circumference, a proximal end, and a distal end, the steering mechanism comprising: a first central axle having a first longitudinal axis and a second central axle having a second longitudinal axis; a first spool having a first diameter and a first circumferential edge having a groove formed along the length thereof, the first central axle of the steering mechanism disposed centrally on or through the first spool, the first spool being rotatable about the first longitudinal axis; a second spool having a second diameter and a second circumferential edge having a groove formed along the length thereof, the second central axle of the steering mechanism disposed centrally on or through the second spool, the second spool being rotatable about the second longitudinal axis; a first steering element attached to the first spool and rotatable therewith; and a second steering element attached to the second spool and rotatable therewith; wherein the first spool and the second spool are rotatable independent of one another: a first retaining tube (40/50) having a first lumen extending longitudinally therethrough; a first and second end with a middle length therebetween; a first drive cable passing through the first end of and into the first lumen of the first retaining tube, a second drive cable passing through the second end of and into the first lumen of the first retaining tube, the first drive cable and second drive cable being attached to the first spool; and a second retaining tube (60/70) having a second lumen extending longitudinally therethrough; a third and fourth end with a middle length therebetween; a third drive cable passing through the third end of and into the second lumen of the second retaining tube, a fourth drive cable passing through the fourth end of and into the second lumen of the second retaining tube, the third drive cable and fourth drive cable being attached to the second spool; characterised in that the first drive cable, the second drive cable, the third drive cable and the fourth drive cable having drive cable ends that extend toward the distal end of the medical device, the first retaining tube being inserted into the groove of the first spool and attached along a portion of its middle length to a portion of the first circumferential edge of the first spool; and the second retaining tube being inserted into the groove of the second spool and attached along a portion of its middle length to a portion of the second circumferential edge of the second spool. a first central axle having a first longitudinal axis and a second central axle having a second longitudinal axis; a first spool having a first diameter and a first circumferential edge having a groove formed along the length thereof, the first central axle of the steering mechanism disposed centrally on or through the first spool, the first spool being rotatable about the first longitudinal axis; a second spool having a second diameter and a second circumferential edge having a groove formed along the length thereof, the second central axle of the steering mechanism disposed centrally on or through the second spool, the second spool being rotatable about the second longitudinal axis; a first steering element attached to the first spool and rotatable therewith; and a second steering element attached to the second spool and rotatable therewith; wherein the first spool and the second spool are rotatable independent of one another: a first retaining tube (40/50) having a first lumen extending longitudinally therethrough; a first and second end with a middle length therebetween; a first drive cable passing through the first end of and into the first lumen of the first retaining tube, a second drive cable passing through the second end of and into the first lumen of the first retaining tube, the first drive cable and second drive cable being attached to the first spool; and a second retaining tube (60/70) having a second lumen extending longitudinally therethrough; a third and fourth end with a middle length therebetween; a third drive cable passing through the third end of and into the second lumen of the second retaining tube, a fourth drive cable passing through the fourth end of and into the second lumen of the second retaining tube, the third drive cable and fourth drive cable being attached to the second spool; characterised in that the first drive cable, the second drive cable, the third drive cable and the fourth drive cable having drive cable ends that extend toward the distal end of the medical device, the first retaining tube being inserted into the groove of the first spool and attached along a portion of its middle length to a portion of the first circumferential edge of the first spool; and the second retaining tube being inserted into the groove of the second spool and attached along a portion of its middle length to a portion of the second circumferential edge of the second spool.