A system, comprising: an ad hoc satellite network including multiple satellites, some or all of the multiple satellites communicatively coupled to other of the multiple satellites at any given time, the multiple satellites including a first satellite and a second satellite, each of the first satellite and a second satellite comprising: at least one receive high frequency HF antenna configured to receive HF signals, wherein the at least one receive HF antenna includes a receive-only HF antenna; at least one transmit HF antenna configured to transmit HF signals; at least one inter-satellite transmitter configured to transmit signals to at least one other satellite of the ad hoc satellite network; at least one inter-satellite receiver configured to receive signals from at least one other satellite of the ad hoc satellite network; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one receive HF antenna, the at least one transmit HF antenna, the at least one inter-satellite transmitter, and the at least one inter-satellite receiver; a first terminal including an HF transmit antenna configured transmit an HF communication payload to the ad hoc satellite network; and a second terminal including an HF receive antenna configured receive the HF communication payload from the ad hoc satellite network; wherein each of the first satellite and the second satellite is configured for coupler-less HF operation. an ad hoc satellite network including multiple satellites, some or all of the multiple satellites communicatively coupled to other of the multiple satellites at any given time, the multiple satellites including a first satellite and a second satellite, each of the first satellite and a second satellite comprising: at least one receive high frequency HF antenna configured to receive HF signals, wherein the at least one receive HF antenna includes a receive-only HF antenna; at least one transmit HF antenna configured to transmit HF signals; at least one inter-satellite transmitter configured to transmit signals to at least one other satellite of the ad hoc satellite network; at least one inter-satellite receiver configured to receive signals from at least one other satellite of the ad hoc satellite network; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one receive HF antenna, the at least one transmit HF antenna, the at least one inter-satellite transmitter, and the at least one inter-satellite receiver; at least one receive high frequency HF antenna configured to receive HF signals, wherein the at least one receive HF antenna includes a receive-only HF antenna; at least one transmit HF antenna configured to transmit HF signals; at least one inter-satellite transmitter configured to transmit signals to at least one other satellite of the ad hoc satellite network; at least one inter-satellite receiver configured to receive signals from at least one other satellite of the ad hoc satellite network; and at least one processor communicatively coupled to the at least one receive HF antenna, the at least one transmit HF antenna, the at least one inter-satellite transmitter, and the at least one inter-satellite receiver; a first terminal including an HF transmit antenna configured transmit an HF communication payload to the ad hoc satellite network; and a second terminal including an HF receive antenna configured receive the HF communication payload from the ad hoc satellite network; wherein each of the first satellite and the second satellite is configured for coupler-less HF operation.