A time-division duplexing based data transmission method, comprising: determining whether there is to-be-scheduled user equipment in a first transmission time interval, wherein a frame structure used in the first transmission time interval comprises a data scheduling area and a control information scheduling area, the control information scheduling area comprises an uplink control information scheduling area and a downlink control information scheduling area, the data scheduling area is used to carry data, the uplink control information scheduling area is used to carry uplink control information, and the downlink control information scheduling area is used to carry downlink control information; when it is determined that there is to-be-scheduled user equipment in the first transmission time interval, determining whether there is any spare resource in the control information scheduling area; and after it is determined that there is still an spare resource in the control information scheduling area, sending indication information to the to-be-scheduled user equipment, wherein the indication information is used to instruct the user equipment to send uplink data on an spare resource of the uplink control information scheduling area and/or obtain downlink data on an spare resource of the downlink control information scheduling area; wherein, the data scheduling area refers to a channel carrying data transmission, and the control information scheduling area refers to a channel carrying control information, wherein the downlink data scheduling area is a physical downlink shared channel, PDSCH, the uplink data scheduling area is a physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH, and the control information scheduling area is one of a physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, and a physical uplink control channel, PUCCH, wherein the spare resource in the control information scheduling area is a remaining resource in the control information scheduling area after scheduling information corresponding to PDSCH and/or PUSCH in the first transmission time interval has occupied the control information scheduling area. determining whether there is to-be-scheduled user equipment in a first transmission time interval, wherein a frame structure used in the first transmission time interval comprises a data scheduling area and a control information scheduling area, the control information scheduling area comprises an uplink control information scheduling area and a downlink control information scheduling area, the data scheduling area is used to carry data, the uplink control information scheduling area is used to carry uplink control information, and the downlink control information scheduling area is used to carry downlink control information; when it is determined that there is to-be-scheduled user equipment in the first transmission time interval, determining whether there is any spare resource in the control information scheduling area; and after it is determined that there is still an spare resource in the control information scheduling area, sending indication information to the to-be-scheduled user equipment, wherein the indication information is used to instruct the user equipment to send uplink data on an spare resource of the uplink control information scheduling area and/or obtain downlink data on an spare resource of the downlink control information scheduling area; wherein, the data scheduling area refers to a channel carrying data transmission, and the control information scheduling area refers to a channel carrying control information, wherein the downlink data scheduling area is a physical downlink shared channel, PDSCH, the uplink data scheduling area is a physical uplink shared channel, PUSCH, and the control information scheduling area is one of a physical downlink control channel, PDCCH, and a physical uplink control channel, PUCCH, wherein the spare resource in the control information scheduling area is a remaining resource in the control information scheduling area after scheduling information corresponding to PDSCH and/or PUSCH in the first transmission time interval has occupied the control information scheduling area.