A configurable deflection system for an incident microwave frequency beam (Finc) having a wavelength within a range of wavelengths that corresponds to the microwave frequencies comprising: - a first and a second diffractive dielectric component each capable of performing a rotation about a rotation axis Z; - said deflection system being capable of generating a microwave frequency beam by diffracting said incident microwave frequency beam (Finc) on said first and second components (C1, C2), said microwave frequency beam being oriented at an angle as a function of the angular positioning between said first and said second diffractive components, characterised in that: - said first and second components (C1, C2) respectively have a first and second periodic structure of first and second periods (P1, P2) along a first and second axis (X1, X2), said first and second structures respectively comprising a plurality of first and second primary microstructures (MS1p, MS2p) respectively formed on a first and second substrate (S1, S2) of first and second substrate refractive indices (n1s, n2s); - said first and second primary microstructures (MS1p, MS2p) respectively having at least one first and one second primary size (d1p, d2p) smaller than the ratio between a target wavelength (λ0) selected in said range and said first and second substrate refractive indices (n1s, n2s), respectively; - said first and second primary microstructures (MS1p, MS2p) being arranged so as to form an artificial material respectively having a first variation of a first effective refractive index (n1eff) and a second variation of a second effective refractive index (n2eff) respectively following said first and second periods (P1, P2). - a first and a second diffractive dielectric component each capable of performing a rotation about a rotation axis Z; - said deflection system being capable of generating a microwave frequency beam by diffracting said incident microwave frequency beam (Finc) on said first and second components (C1, C2), said microwave frequency beam being oriented at an angle as a function of the angular positioning between said first and said second diffractive components, - said first and second components (C1, C2) respectively have a first and second periodic structure of first and second periods (P1, P2) along a first and second axis (X1, X2), said first and second structures respectively comprising a plurality of first and second primary microstructures (MS1p, MS2p) respectively formed on a first and second substrate (S1, S2) of first and second substrate refractive indices (n1s, n2s); - said first and second primary microstructures (MS1p, MS2p) respectively having at least one first and one second primary size (d1p, d2p) smaller than the ratio between a target wavelength (λ0) selected in said range and said first and second substrate refractive indices (n1s, n2s), respectively; - said first and second primary microstructures (MS1p, MS2p) being arranged so as to form an artificial material respectively having a first variation of a first effective refractive index (n1eff) and a second variation of a second effective refractive index (n2eff) respectively following said first and second periods (P1, P2).