A process for separating and recovering the components of an alloy, particularly of a noble alloy, in which the alloy to be separated is melted, by means of a heating element, in a crucible that is accommodated inside a high vacuum chamber provided with one or more condensation devices (12, 12A) adapted to condense the aeriform substances derived from the melting of said alloy; said process comprising an iterative procedure which comprises at least the following steps: - arranging said crucible below an n-th condensation device by handling means, which allows to move said crucible both along a substantially horizontal direction and along a substantially vertical direction; - bringing said alloy to an n-th temperature value and creating inside said high vacuum chamber an n-th degree of vacuum, so as to cause the evaporation of the components of said alloy with n-th degree of volatility; - after an n-th time interval, such as to allow the substantially complete evaporation of said components with n-th degree of volatility, lowering the temperature of said alloy and lowering the degree of vacuum inside said high vacuum chamber, so as to inhibit the evaporation of the components of said alloy; - repeating said procedure, starting from the first step, for each condensation device (12, 12a); - lowering further the temperature of said alloy and eliminating the vacuum inside said high vacuum chamber; - recovering from the walls of each condensation device (12, 12a) the components of said alloy with corresponding degree of volatility; - recovering from said crucible the non-evaporated components of said alloy, wherein the index n varies increasingly from 2 to the total number of condensation devices (12, 12a) that are present; each n-th temperature value being greater than the (n-1)-th temperature value; each n-th degree of vacuum being greater than the (n-1)-th degree of vacuum, said condensation devices (12, 12a) being two or more, and wherein each one of said condensation devices (12, 12a) comprises at least one cold element and at least one deflector adapted to divert the flow of the aeriform substances derived from the melting and evaporation of said alloy toward the walls of said cold element. - arranging said crucible below an n-th condensation device by handling means, which allows to move said crucible both along a substantially horizontal direction and along a substantially vertical direction; - bringing said alloy to an n-th temperature value and creating inside said high vacuum chamber an n-th degree of vacuum, so as to cause the evaporation of the components of said alloy with n-th degree of volatility; - after an n-th time interval, such as to allow the substantially complete evaporation of said components with n-th degree of volatility, lowering the temperature of said alloy and lowering the degree of vacuum inside said high vacuum chamber, so as to inhibit the evaporation of the components of said alloy; - repeating said procedure, starting from the first step, for each condensation device (12, 12a); - lowering further the temperature of said alloy and eliminating the vacuum inside said high vacuum chamber; - recovering from the walls of each condensation device (12, 12a) the components of said alloy with corresponding degree of volatility; - recovering from said crucible the non-evaporated components of said alloy, wherein the index n varies increasingly from 2 to the total number of condensation devices (12, 12a) that are present; each n-th temperature value being greater than the (n-1)-th temperature value; each n-th degree of vacuum being greater than the (n-1)-th degree of vacuum, said condensation devices (12, 12a) being two or more, and wherein each one of said condensation devices (12, 12a) comprises at least one cold element and at least one deflector adapted to divert the flow of the aeriform substances derived from the melting and evaporation of said alloy toward the walls of said cold element.