A method comprising: receiving voxel diffusion tensor estimates for a plurality of voxels for a nerve fiber bundle, wherein said voxel diffusion tensor estimates are retrieved from a database, or calculated from a set of translational diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance signals acquired (106, 502) with a plurality of diffusion-weighted field strengths and a plurality of diffusion-weighted field directions applied to the nerve fiber bundle, or obtained from a combination of both; establishing a path of the nerve fiber bundle based on either a direction of a diffusion tensor principal axis comprised in the voxel diffusion tensor estimates or at least one principal diffusion axis determined from the set of translational diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance signals using a hindered or a restricted diffusion signal model at a plurality of locations along the established path; estimating (114, 508) a distribution of transverse cross-sectional areas or effective diameters of nerve fibers in the nerve fiber bundle along the established path at a plurality of path locations based on identification of a restricted diffusion direction; estimating contributions to a nerve signal transit time for the plurality of path locations based on the distribution of transverse cross-sectional areas or effective diameters of the nerve fibers along the established path as well as measured or predicted relationships with nerve conduction velocity and said distribution of transverse cross-sectional areas or effective diameters of nerve fibers in the nerve fiber bundle along the established path; and providing (124, 202) an estimate of nerve signal transit time along the established path based on the contributions. receiving voxel diffusion tensor estimates for a plurality of voxels for a nerve fiber bundle, wherein said voxel diffusion tensor estimates are retrieved from a database, or calculated from a set of translational diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance signals acquired (106, 502) with a plurality of diffusion-weighted field strengths and a plurality of diffusion-weighted field directions applied to the nerve fiber bundle, or obtained from a combination of both; establishing a path of the nerve fiber bundle based on either a direction of a diffusion tensor principal axis comprised in the voxel diffusion tensor estimates or at least one principal diffusion axis determined from the set of translational diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance signals using a hindered or a restricted diffusion signal model at a plurality of locations along the established path; estimating (114, 508) a distribution of transverse cross-sectional areas or effective diameters of nerve fibers in the nerve fiber bundle along the established path at a plurality of path locations based on identification of a restricted diffusion direction; estimating contributions to a nerve signal transit time for the plurality of path locations based on the distribution of transverse cross-sectional areas or effective diameters of the nerve fibers along the established path as well as measured or predicted relationships with nerve conduction velocity and said distribution of transverse cross-sectional areas or effective diameters of nerve fibers in the nerve fiber bundle along the established path; and providing (124, 202) an estimate of nerve signal transit time along the established path based on the contributions.