An apparatus comprising: (a) one or more carbon nanotube transistors on a silicon substrate, the carbon nanotube transistors each including a gate electrode, and each further including a source and a drain electrode and a carbon nanotube channel bridging the source and the drain electrode, wherein the source electrode, drain electrode and the carbon nanotube channel are covered by a thin insulating layer with exposed metallic terminals to provide insulation from an electrolyte solution, wherein the thin insulating layer covering the carbon nanotube channel has a thickness of 50 nm to 200 nm, and wherein the thin insulating layer covering the source and drain electrodes has a thickness of 250 nm to 750 nm; (b) a conducting metal to provide electrical conductivity to the exposed metallic terminals; (c) a multiplicity of specific probe materials immobilized on the thin insulating layer, wherein the probe materials specifically bind to at least one target biological molecule; (d) a microfluidic channel above the thin insulating layer to direct the flow of a liquid solution that contains the at least one target biological molecule, (e) the gate electrode being configured to contact the electrolyte solution comprising one or more target biological molecules; (f) an electronic circuitry to detect a change in the electrical charge close to each of the carbon nanotube transistors due to binding of the probe materials and target biological molecules therefor; (g) a detector to detect the change in electrical charge to quantify the amount of bound target biological molecules; and (h) an automated sensing system, which determines a relative abundance of the specific target biological molecule based on the change in electrical charge. (a) one or more carbon nanotube transistors on a silicon substrate, the carbon nanotube transistors each including a gate electrode, and each further including a source and a drain electrode and a carbon nanotube channel bridging the source and the drain electrode, wherein the source electrode, drain electrode and the carbon nanotube channel are covered by a thin insulating layer with exposed metallic terminals to provide insulation from an electrolyte solution, wherein the thin insulating layer covering the carbon nanotube channel has a thickness of 50 nm to 200 nm, and wherein the thin insulating layer covering the source and drain electrodes has a thickness of 250 nm to 750 nm; (b) a conducting metal to provide electrical conductivity to the exposed metallic terminals; (c) a multiplicity of specific probe materials immobilized on the thin insulating layer, wherein the probe materials specifically bind to at least one target biological molecule; (d) a microfluidic channel above the thin insulating layer to direct the flow of a liquid solution that contains the at least one target biological molecule, (e) the gate electrode being configured to contact the electrolyte solution comprising one or more target biological molecules; (f) an electronic circuitry to detect a change in the electrical charge close to each of the carbon nanotube transistors due to binding of the probe materials and target biological molecules therefor; (g) a detector to detect the change in electrical charge to quantify the amount of bound target biological molecules; and (h) an automated sensing system, which determines a relative abundance of the specific target biological molecule based on the change in electrical charge.