A method for providing contact information via a directory service, DS,, comprising: receiving a request from a DS originator to obtain at least a portion of contact information associated with a target resource prior to establishing a communication session with the target resource; in response to receiving the request, identifying a first policy that is a DS access and/or viewing policy of the DS originator and identifying a second policy that is a DS access and/or viewing policy of the target resource; based on both the first policy and the second policy, determining whether at least a portion of the contact information associated with the target resource is authorized to be presented to the DS originator; characterized in that: when at least the portion of the contact information associated with the target resource is authorized to be presented to the DS originator, determining and modifying the portion of the contact information associated with the target resource for presentation to the DS originator in accordance with at least one of the first and second policies; presenting the modified portion of the contact information associated with the target resource to the DS originator; and in response to presenting the modified portion of the contact information to the DS originator, receiving, from the DS originator, an attempt to proceed with the establishment of the communication session with the target resource. receiving a request from a DS originator to obtain at least a portion of contact information associated with a target resource prior to establishing a communication session with the target resource; in response to receiving the request, identifying a first policy that is a DS access and/or viewing policy of the DS originator and identifying a second policy that is a DS access and/or viewing policy of the target resource; based on both the first policy and the second policy, determining whether at least a portion of the contact information associated with the target resource is authorized to be presented to the DS originator; characterized in that: when at least the portion of the contact information associated with the target resource is authorized to be presented to the DS originator, determining and modifying the portion of the contact information associated with the target resource for presentation to the DS originator in accordance with at least one of the first and second policies; presenting the modified portion of the contact information associated with the target resource to the DS originator; and in response to presenting the modified portion of the contact information to the DS originator, receiving, from the DS originator, an attempt to proceed with the establishment of the communication session with the target resource. when at least the portion of the contact information associated with the target resource is authorized to be presented to the DS originator, determining and modifying the portion of the contact information associated with the target resource for presentation to the DS originator in accordance with at least one of the first and second policies; presenting the modified portion of the contact information associated with the target resource to the DS originator; and in response to presenting the modified portion of the contact information to the DS originator, receiving, from the DS originator, an attempt to proceed with the establishment of the communication session with the target resource.