A system, comprising: a data processor; and a memory storing instructions configured to cause the data processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, in real time, from a first image sensor of a first endoscope, first image data characterizing a first image of a first surgical instrument disposed within a first body cavity of a patient and configured to operate on a first surface of a tissue located within the patient; receiving, in real time, from a second image sensor of a second endoscope, second image data characterizing a second image of a second surgical instrument disposed within a second body cavity of the patient, and to operate on a second surface of the tissue, the second surface oriented differently from the first surface, the second surgical instrument configured to be positioned outside of a field of view of the first endoscope and the first surgical instrument configured to be positioned outside of a field of view of the second endoscope, the second body cavity being distinct from the first body cavity; determining, based on the received first image data, a first location of the first surgical instrument; determining, based on the received second image data, a second location of the second surgical instrument; and coordinating cooperative treatment between the first and second surgical instruments to achieve a common surgical purpose on the tissue based on the determined first and second locations, wherein cooperative treatment of the tissue includes manipulation of the tissue by either the first surgical instrument or the second surgical instrument in a first direction such that the other of the first surgical instrument and the second surgical instrument treats the tissue when the tissue is manipulated in the first direction, wherein the data processor is operably coupled to the first and second endoscope and the first and second surgical instrument. a data processor; and a memory storing instructions configured to cause the data processor to perform operations comprising: receiving, in real time, from a first image sensor of a first endoscope, first image data characterizing a first image of a first surgical instrument disposed within a first body cavity of a patient and configured to operate on a first surface of a tissue located within the patient; receiving, in real time, from a second image sensor of a second endoscope, second image data characterizing a second image of a second surgical instrument disposed within a second body cavity of the patient, and to operate on a second surface of the tissue, the second surface oriented differently from the first surface, the second surgical instrument configured to be positioned outside of a field of view of the first endoscope and the first surgical instrument configured to be positioned outside of a field of view of the second endoscope, the second body cavity being distinct from the first body cavity; determining, based on the received first image data, a first location of the first surgical instrument; determining, based on the received second image data, a second location of the second surgical instrument; and coordinating cooperative treatment between the first and second surgical instruments to achieve a common surgical purpose on the tissue based on the determined first and second locations, wherein cooperative treatment of the tissue includes manipulation of the tissue by either the first surgical instrument or the second surgical instrument in a first direction such that the other of the first surgical instrument and the second surgical instrument treats the tissue when the tissue is manipulated in the first direction, receiving, in real time, from a first image sensor of a first endoscope, first image data characterizing a first image of a first surgical instrument disposed within a first body cavity of a patient and configured to operate on a first surface of a tissue located within the patient; receiving, in real time, from a second image sensor of a second endoscope, second image data characterizing a second image of a second surgical instrument disposed within a second body cavity of the patient, and to operate on a second surface of the tissue, the second surface oriented differently from the first surface, the second surgical instrument configured to be positioned outside of a field of view of the first endoscope and the first surgical instrument configured to be positioned outside of a field of view of the second endoscope, the second body cavity being distinct from the first body cavity; determining, based on the received first image data, a first location of the first surgical instrument; determining, based on the received second image data, a second location of the second surgical instrument; and coordinating cooperative treatment between the first and second surgical instruments to achieve a common surgical purpose on the tissue based on the determined first and second locations, wherein cooperative treatment of the tissue includes manipulation of the tissue by either the first surgical instrument or the second surgical instrument in a first direction such that the other of the first surgical instrument and the second surgical instrument treats the tissue when the tissue is manipulated in the first direction, wherein the data processor is operably coupled to the first and second endoscope and the first and second surgical instrument.