A compound of formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a stereoisomer thereof, or a solvate thereof: wherein, each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of O and NR 10, wherein R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl; Z - is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; R 1 is n 1 R 11 -substituted aryls; R 2 is n 1 ' R 11 '-substituted aryls; wherein, n 1 and n 1 ' are each independently an integer of from 0 to 5, and R 11 and R 11 ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino; when the dotted line between R 3 and R 4 in Formula I is none, R 3 is a substituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl or unsubstituted C 5 -C 10 alkyl, and R 4 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl, wherein said substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, carboxy, amino, ester, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, and mercapto; the substituent of said alkoxy is an hydroxyl; when the dotted line between R 3 and R 4 in formula I is a bond, R 3 and R 4 are independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkylenes, and the substituent is C 1 -C 3 alkyl; wherein, the main chain of the alkylene contains 0 to 4 heteroatoms, and the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR 12, wherein said R 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl; L 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 14 alkylenyl; wherein the main chain of the alkylene contains 0 to 4 heteroatoms, and the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR 12, wherein said R 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and C 1 -C 4 alkoxy; the substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, and halogen; and L 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylenyl, and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, and halogen. each of X and Y is independently selected from the group consisting of O and NR 10, wherein R 10 is selected from the group consisting of H, deuterium, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl; Z - is a pharmaceutically acceptable anion; R 1 is n 1 R 11 -substituted aryls; R 2 is n 1 ' R 11 '-substituted aryls; wherein, n 1 and n 1 ' are each independently an integer of from 0 to 5, and R 11 and R 11 ' are each independently selected from the group consisting of deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino; when the dotted line between R 3 and R 4 in Formula I is none, R 3 is a substituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl or unsubstituted C 5 -C 10 alkyl, and R 4 is independently a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 10 alkyl, wherein said substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, halogen, nitro, cyano, hydroxyl, carboxy, amino, ester, C 1 -C 6 alkylthio, and mercapto; the substituent of said alkoxy is an hydroxyl; when the dotted line between R 3 and R 4 in formula I is a bond, R 3 and R 4 are independently substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 4 alkylenes, and the substituent is C 1 -C 3 alkyl; wherein, the main chain of the alkylene contains 0 to 4 heteroatoms, and the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR 12, wherein said R 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, and C 1 -C 4 alkyl; L 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 14 alkylenyl; wherein the main chain of the alkylene contains 0 to 4 heteroatoms, and the heteroatom is selected from the group consisting of O, S, and NR 12, wherein said R 12 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, and C 1 -C 4 alkoxy; the substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, and halogen; and L 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 8 alkylenyl, and the substituent is selected from the group consisting of deuterium, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, and halogen.