An uplink reference signal transmission method, comprising: obtaining, by a terminal, a starting time of a time domain resource of an uplink reference signal of the terminal on a high frequency link, wherein there is a guard interval at at least one end of the uplink reference signal; and when the starting time of the time domain resource is reached, switching, by the terminal, transmit beams in different time slices in M time slices to transmit the uplink reference signal, wherein the uplink reference signal comprises uplink reference signals transmitted in the M different time slices, and M is a positive integer greater than 1, wherein the determining, by a terminal, a starting time of a time domain resource of an uplink reference signal of the terminal on a high frequency link comprises: obtaining, by the terminal, a system clock of a low frequency base station based on a low frequency link, and determining a start point position, indicated by the system clock, of a timeslot of the low frequency link as the starting time of the time domain resource of the uplink reference signal of the terminal on the high frequency link; or obtaining, by the terminal, a system clock of a low frequency base station and an uplink timing advance of the terminal on a low frequency link based on the low frequency link, and determining, as the starting time of the time domain resource of the uplink reference signal of the terminal on the high frequency link, a position that is the uplink timing advance after a start point, indicated by the system clock, of a timeslot of the low frequency link; or receiving, by the terminal, indication information of the starting time of the time domain resource that is sent by a network side. obtaining, by a terminal, a starting time of a time domain resource of an uplink reference signal of the terminal on a high frequency link, wherein there is a guard interval at at least one end of the uplink reference signal; and when the starting time of the time domain resource is reached, switching, by the terminal, transmit beams in different time slices in M time slices to transmit the uplink reference signal, wherein the uplink reference signal comprises uplink reference signals transmitted in the M different time slices, and M is a positive integer greater than 1, wherein the determining, by a terminal, a starting time of a time domain resource of an uplink reference signal of the terminal on a high frequency link comprises: obtaining, by the terminal, a system clock of a low frequency base station based on a low frequency link, and determining a start point position, indicated by the system clock, of a timeslot of the low frequency link as the starting time of the time domain resource of the uplink reference signal of the terminal on the high frequency link; or obtaining, by the terminal, a system clock of a low frequency base station and an uplink timing advance of the terminal on a low frequency link based on the low frequency link, and determining, as the starting time of the time domain resource of the uplink reference signal of the terminal on the high frequency link, a position that is the uplink timing advance after a start point, indicated by the system clock, of a timeslot of the low frequency link; or receiving, by the terminal, indication information of the starting time of the time domain resource that is sent by a network side. obtaining, by the terminal, a system clock of a low frequency base station based on a low frequency link, and determining a start point position, indicated by the system clock, of a timeslot of the low frequency link as the starting time of the time domain resource of the uplink reference signal of the terminal on the high frequency link; or obtaining, by the terminal, a system clock of a low frequency base station and an uplink timing advance of the terminal on a low frequency link based on the low frequency link, and determining, as the starting time of the time domain resource of the uplink reference signal of the terminal on the high frequency link, a position that is the uplink timing advance after a start point, indicated by the system clock, of a timeslot of the low frequency link; or receiving, by the terminal, indication information of the starting time of the time domain resource that is sent by a network side.