A detection apparatus for a received signal strength indicator RSSI, wherein the detection apparatus is located at a microwave receive end, and comprises an amplification unit (101, 201), an analog-to-digital conversion unit (102, 202), a filtering unit (103, 203), a first power detection unit (104, 204), a second power detection unit (105, 205), an amplification control unit (106, 206), and an RSSI calculation unit (107, 207), wherein: the amplification unit (101, 201) is configured to: receive a modulated signal data stream from a microwave transmit end, perform amplification on the modulated signal data stream according to an amplification control signal, and send the amplified modulated signal data stream to the analog-to-digital conversion unit (102, 202), wherein the amplification control signal is used to indicate the number of amplification times for the amplification performed by the amplification unit (101, 201) on the modulated signal data stream; the analog-to-digital conversion unit (102, 202) is configured to: perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified modulated signal data stream to obtain a first digital signal data stream, and send the first digital signal data stream to the filtering unit (103, 203) and the first power detection unit (104, 204); the filtering unit (103, 203) is configured to: filter the first digital signal data stream, arid send a filtered first digital signal data stream to the second power detection unit (105, 205); the first power detection unit (104, 204) is configured to: perform power detection on the first digital signal data stream to obtain a first average power value, and send the first average power value to the amplification control unit (106, 206); the second power detection unit is configured to: perform power detection on the filtered first digital signal data stream to obtain a second average power value; the amplification control unit (106, 206) is configured to: obtain the amplification control signal according to the first average power value, and send the amplification control signal to the RSSI calculation unit (107, 207) and the amplification unit (101, 201); characterized in that: the second power detection unit is further configured to: send the second average power value to the RSSI calculation unit; and in that the RSSI calculation unit (107, 207) is configured to obtain an RSSI value by calculation according to the amplification control signal and the second average power value. the amplification unit (101, 201) is configured to: receive a modulated signal data stream from a microwave transmit end, perform amplification on the modulated signal data stream according to an amplification control signal, and send the amplified modulated signal data stream to the analog-to-digital conversion unit (102, 202), wherein the amplification control signal is used to indicate the number of amplification times for the amplification performed by the amplification unit (101, 201) on the modulated signal data stream; the analog-to-digital conversion unit (102, 202) is configured to: perform analog-to-digital conversion on the amplified modulated signal data stream to obtain a first digital signal data stream, and send the first digital signal data stream to the filtering unit (103, 203) and the first power detection unit (104, 204); the filtering unit (103, 203) is configured to: filter the first digital signal data stream, arid send a filtered first digital signal data stream to the second power detection unit (105, 205); the first power detection unit (104, 204) is configured to: perform power detection on the first digital signal data stream to obtain a first average power value, and send the first average power value to the amplification control unit (106, 206); the second power detection unit is configured to: perform power detection on the filtered first digital signal data stream to obtain a second average power value; the amplification control unit (106, 206) is configured to: obtain the amplification control signal according to the first average power value, and send the amplification control signal to the RSSI calculation unit (107, 207) and the amplification unit (101, 201); the second power detection unit is further configured to: send the second average power value to the RSSI calculation unit; and in that the RSSI calculation unit (107, 207) is configured to obtain an RSSI value by calculation according to the amplification control signal and the second average power value.