mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
A non aqueous electrochemical cell comprising: an anode; an electrolyte; and a cathode that comprises Cu x Mn y V z O w and/or Cu x Mn y V z O w nH 2 O wherein the copper has an oxidation state between 1 and 3, the manganese has an oxidation state between 1 and 7, the vanadium has an oxidation state between 2 and 5, x, y, and z are each greater than zero, the sum of x + y + z is between 1 and 3, w has a value greater than zero and is consistent with the values of x, y, and z and with the oxidation states of the copper, manganese, and vanadium, and nH 2 O represents the surface water, the structural water, or both present in the copper manganese vanadium oxide cathode material characterized in that the cathode further comprises fluorinated carbon. an anode; an electrolyte; and a cathode that comprises Cu x Mn y V z O w and/or Cu x Mn y V z O w nH 2 O wherein the copper has an oxidation state between 1 and 3, the manganese has an oxidation state between 1 and 7, the vanadium has an oxidation state between 2 and 5, x, y, and z are each greater than zero, the sum of x + y + z is between 1 and 3, w has a value greater than zero and is consistent with the values of x, y, and z and with the oxidation states of the copper, manganese, and vanadium, and nH 2 O represents the surface water, the structural water, or both present in the copper manganese vanadium oxide cathode material characterized in that the cathode further comprises fluorinated carbon. the copper has an oxidation state between 1 and 3, the manganese has an oxidation state between 1 and 7, the vanadium has an oxidation state between 2 and 5, x, y, and z are each greater than zero, the sum of x + y + z is between 1 and 3, w has a value greater than zero and is consistent with the values of x, y, and z and with the oxidation states of the copper, manganese, and vanadium, and nH 2 O represents the surface water, the structural water, or both present in the copper manganese vanadium oxide cathode material characterized in that the cathode further comprises fluorinated carbon.
Method for manufacturing a hollow fiber membrane comprising the following steps: • providing at least one spin mass comprising polysulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone, at least one aprotic polar solvent and an α-Tocopherol, in particular a tocotrienol, • providing at least one coagulant comprising at least one aprotic polar solvent and/or at least one non-solvent, in particular water, • conveying the spin mass through at least one annular gap of a spinneret into a hollow spinning yarn, • conveying the coagulant through a central bore of the spinneret into the lumen of the spinning yarn, • introducing the spinning yarn into a precipitating bath, characterized in that the spin mass contains 0.001 to 0.05% by weight of the α-Tocopherol, in particular the tocotrienol, and the coagulant furthermore comprises 0.5 g to 4 g polyvinylpyrrolidone per kg coagulant. • providing at least one spin mass comprising polysulfone and polyvinylpyrrolidone, at least one aprotic polar solvent and an α-Tocopherol, in particular a tocotrienol, • providing at least one coagulant comprising at least one aprotic polar solvent and/or at least one non-solvent, in particular water, • conveying the spin mass through at least one annular gap of a spinneret into a hollow spinning yarn, • conveying the coagulant through a central bore of the spinneret into the lumen of the spinning yarn, • introducing the spinning yarn into a precipitating bath,
A polymerization process comprising the steps of: i) agitating a mixture comprising: 25 weight percent or more of a carrier liquid, a surfactant, and one or more first monomers to form micelles of the one or more monomers in the carrier liquid, wherein the one or more first monomers includes one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, wherein the 1,1-disubstituted alkene includes a central carbon atom doubly bonded to a second carbon atom and further bonded to two carbonyl groups; ii) reacting an activator with at least one of the first monomers in the micelle for initiating the anionic polymerization of the one or more first monomers; and iii) anionically polymerizing the one or more first monomers to a number average molecular weight of 700 g/mole or more wherein number average molecular weight is determined by a gel permeation chromatography, using the method disclosed herein; iv) adding one or more second monomers to the emulsion following the step of anionically polymerizing the one or more first monomers, wherein the one or more second monomers differ from the one or more first monomers in composition or includes a different monomer; and v) anionically polymerizing the one or more second monomers. i) agitating a mixture comprising: 25 weight percent or more of a carrier liquid, a surfactant, and one or more first monomers to form micelles of the one or more monomers in the carrier liquid, wherein the one or more first monomers includes one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkenes, wherein the 1,1-disubstituted alkene includes a central carbon atom doubly bonded to a second carbon atom and further bonded to two carbonyl groups; ii) reacting an activator with at least one of the first monomers in the micelle for initiating the anionic polymerization of the one or more first monomers; and iii) anionically polymerizing the one or more first monomers to a number average molecular weight of 700 g/mole or more wherein number average molecular weight is determined by a gel permeation chromatography, using the method disclosed herein; iv) adding one or more second monomers to the emulsion following the step of anionically polymerizing the one or more first monomers, wherein the one or more second monomers differ from the one or more first monomers in composition or includes a different monomer; and v) anionically polymerizing the one or more second monomers.
A cleaning device, comprising: a holding portion configured to hold an imaging element; a light-transmissive body configured to be disposed in a field of view of the imaging element; a vibrator configured to vibrate the light-transmissive body; a drive unit configured to drive the vibrator; a control unit configured to control the drive unit; and a detection unit configured to detect a value relating to an impedance of the vibrator driven by the drive unit, wherein the control unit determines that a foreign substance has adhered to a surface of the light-transmissive body based on at least two pieces of information among a temporal change in a resonant frequency when the vibrator is driven at a first voltage, a temporal change in the value relating to the impedance detected by the detection unit, and a temporal change in an image captured by the imaging element and cleans the surface of the light-transmissive body by controlling the vibrator in accordance with the determination, characterized in that the control unit is configured to identify a type of the foreign substance adhering to the surface of the light-transmissive body based on a gradient of a temporal change in the impedance detected by the detection unit with respect to a temporal change in a resonant frequency. a holding portion configured to hold an imaging element; a light-transmissive body configured to be disposed in a field of view of the imaging element; a vibrator configured to vibrate the light-transmissive body; a drive unit configured to drive the vibrator; a control unit configured to control the drive unit; and a detection unit configured to detect a value relating to an impedance of the vibrator driven by the drive unit, wherein the control unit determines that a foreign substance has adhered to a surface of the light-transmissive body based on at least two pieces of information among a temporal change in a resonant frequency when the vibrator is driven at a first voltage, a temporal change in the value relating to the impedance detected by the detection unit, and a temporal change in an image captured by the imaging element and cleans the surface of the light-transmissive body by controlling the vibrator in accordance with the determination, characterized in that the control unit is configured to identify a type of the foreign substance adhering to the surface of the light-transmissive body based on a gradient of a temporal change in the impedance detected by the detection unit with respect to a temporal change in a resonant frequency.
Railway system having at least one communication network, having several elements, which may have different states in each case and have a passive node connected to the communication network in each case, and having at least one distributed database, which comprises a plurality of active nodes connected to one another by way of the communication network and which is embodied to store state information of the elements, characterised in that at least one of the elements is connected to several of the active nodes so that in each case at least the stored state information of the element can be transferred from the connected active nodes to the element, and the element is embodied so that it changes its state if several of the items of current state information obtained from the active nodes deviate from the current state of the element. having at least one communication network, having several elements, which may have different states in each case and have a passive node connected to the communication network in each case, and having at least one distributed database, which comprises a plurality of active nodes connected to one another by way of the communication network and which is embodied to store state information of the elements, characterised in that at least one of the elements is connected to several of the active nodes so that in each case at least the stored state information of the element can be transferred from the connected active nodes to the element, and the element is embodied so that it changes its state if several of the items of current state information obtained from the active nodes deviate from the current state of the element.
A method for maintaining the heat in an exhaust aftertreatment system connected to the exhaust pipe of an internal combustion engine, which engine is used to propel a vehicle and is equipped with a valve-controlled EGR duct for the adjustable recirculation of exhaust gases from the exhaust side of the engine to its induction side, characterized by the steps of detecting the conditions that neither the braking system nor the throttle control mechanism of the vehicle is activated and the vehicle is being driven at a speed in excess of a predetermined value; and, if said conditions are met, regulating the gas flow through the EGR duct so that the gas flow to the exhaust aftertreatment system is reduced to a level which is less than about 50% of the gas flow to the exhaust aftertreatment system with shut-off EGR valve, wherein the gas flow through the EGR duct is regulated by the shutting-off of a control throttle in the exhaust pipe and the opening of an EGR valve in the EGR duct.
A conductive thermal image receiver element comprising a support, and having on at least one side of the support an outermost layer comprising an aqueous coatable receiver overcoat layer and aqueous coatable dye receiving layer having a combined thickness ranging from 0.8 μm to 2.0 μm, wherein the receiver overcoat layer lies on top of the dye receiving layer; wherein the aqueous coatable receiver overcoat layer having a dry thickness of 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm comprises a water-dispersible conductive polymeric material, a polymer binder matrix, a surfactant, and a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is a polymer comprising benzyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, and wherein the aqueous coatable dye receiving layer comprises a water-dispersible release agent, a crosslinking agent, and a polymer binder matrix, wherein the polymer binder matrix of the receiver overcoat layer and the dye receiving layer consists essentially of: a water-dispersible acrylic polymer comprising chemically reacted or chemically non-reacted hydroxyl, phospho, phosphonate, sulfo, sulfonate, carboxy, or carboxylate groups; and a water-dispersible polyester that has a Tg of 30° C or less, wherein the water-dispersible acrylic polymer is present in the polymer binder matrix at a dry ratio to the water-dispersible polyester of at least 1:1 and up to and including 20:1, and wherein the water-dispersible acrylic polymer is present in the aqueous coatable dye receiving layer in an amount of at least 55 wt% of the total aqueous coatable dye receiving layer weight. an aqueous coatable receiver overcoat layer and aqueous coatable dye receiving layer having a combined thickness ranging from 0.8 μm to 2.0 μm, wherein the receiver overcoat layer lies on top of the dye receiving layer; wherein the aqueous coatable receiver overcoat layer having a dry thickness of 0.1 μm to 1.0 μm comprises a water-dispersible conductive polymeric material, a polymer binder matrix, a surfactant, and a dispersant, wherein the dispersant is a polymer comprising benzyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid, and wherein the aqueous coatable dye receiving layer comprises a water-dispersible release agent, a crosslinking agent, and a polymer binder matrix, wherein the polymer binder matrix of the receiver overcoat layer and the dye receiving layer consists essentially of: a water-dispersible acrylic polymer comprising chemically reacted or chemically non-reacted hydroxyl, phospho, phosphonate, sulfo, sulfonate, carboxy, or carboxylate groups; and a water-dispersible polyester that has a Tg of 30° C or less, a water-dispersible acrylic polymer comprising chemically reacted or chemically non-reacted hydroxyl, phospho, phosphonate, sulfo, sulfonate, carboxy, or carboxylate groups; and a water-dispersible polyester that has a Tg of 30° C or less, wherein the water-dispersible acrylic polymer is present in the polymer binder matrix at a dry ratio to the water-dispersible polyester of at least 1:1 and up to and including 20:1, and wherein the water-dispersible acrylic polymer is present in the aqueous coatable dye receiving layer in an amount of at least 55 wt% of the total aqueous coatable dye receiving layer weight.
A method of controlling aircraft brakes in an aircraft that includes a brake pedal and an electric brake actuator, the method comprising: determining an aircraft operational state; determining an application force supplied to the brake pedal; and moving an actuator brake to engage the electric brake actuator characterized by de-energizing the electric brake actuator when (i) the determined aircraft operational state is a ground-idle state, wherein the ground-idle state is a state in which the aircraft is moving, and (ii) the measured application force is greater than a set force magnitude. determining an aircraft operational state; determining an application force supplied to the brake pedal; and moving an actuator brake to engage the electric brake actuator characterized by de-energizing the electric brake actuator when (i) the determined aircraft operational state is a ground-idle state, wherein the ground-idle state is a state in which the aircraft is moving, and (ii) the measured application force is greater than a set force magnitude.
Pneumatic brake booster comprising a booster housing having at least one housing shell, wherein the housing shell is designed to be substantially pot-shaped with a center axis, a base portion and a lateral portion, and the base portion has a curved or conical wall portion, characterized in that at least one flattened surface area is formed in a radial outer region of the base portion, is designed to be elongate in the circumferential direction and has, at its radial outer edge, at least two notches which are arranged with respect to one another in a defined grid pattern with a circle angle (α).
An exhaust gas purification apparatus for an internal combustion engine comprising: an NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst that is arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and selectively reduces NOx in an exhaust gas by using ammonia as a reducing agent; an addition valve that is arranged in said exhaust passage at the upstream side of said NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst and adds an additive agent, which is ammonia or a precursor of ammonia, into the exhaust gas; a temperature acquisition device configured to acquire a temperature of said NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst; an air fuel ratio acquisition device configured to acquire an air fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst; characterised in that a control device is configured to make an amount of the additive agent to be added into the exhaust gas from said addition valve smaller when the air fuel ratio acquired by said air fuel ratio acquisition device is larger than a predetermined air fuel ratio, than when it is equal to or less than said predetermined air fuel ratio, in cases where the temperature acquired by said temperature acquisition device is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature at which ammonia is oxidized. an NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst that is arranged in an exhaust passage of the internal combustion engine and selectively reduces NOx in an exhaust gas by using ammonia as a reducing agent; an addition valve that is arranged in said exhaust passage at the upstream side of said NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst and adds an additive agent, which is ammonia or a precursor of ammonia, into the exhaust gas; a temperature acquisition device configured to acquire a temperature of said NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst; an air fuel ratio acquisition device configured to acquire an air fuel ratio of the exhaust gas flowing into said NOx selective catalytic reduction catalyst; characterised in that a control device is configured to make an amount of the additive agent to be added into the exhaust gas from said addition valve smaller when the air fuel ratio acquired by said air fuel ratio acquisition device is larger than a predetermined air fuel ratio, than when it is equal to or less than said predetermined air fuel ratio, in cases where the temperature acquired by said temperature acquisition device is equal to or higher than a predetermined temperature at which ammonia is oxidized.
Tyre made from a rubbery material, at least one of the sidewalls of which comprises a coded matrix symbol formed as an integral part of the said sidewall, the said coded matrix symbol comprising dark parts and light parts, the dark parts being recessed in relation to the light parts, the depth of the recesses being comprised between 0.1 and 0.8 mm, and more preferably between 0.2 and 0.5 mm, the dark parts being delimited by walls, at least one of these walls being inclined with respect to a normal to the said sidewall of the tyre by a relief angle α of between 3 and 50 degrees, characterized in that with each dark part having a bottom, for all or some of the dark parts, the bottom has a determined surface finish of which the roughness Rz is between 50 and 300 μm.
Method for determining a rotor position of an electric rotating machine, wherein the electric machine has at least one first multi-phase subsystem and one second multi-phase subsystem, wherein each subsystem (21, 22) respectively has a winding group (31, 32) and a PWM-controlled inverter (41, 42) for feeding the respective winding group (31, 32), wherein the winding groups (31, 32) of the at least first and second subsystem (21, 22) are arranged electrically offset with respect to one another by essentially 360°, characterized by the method steps of: a. changing voltages (u control) predefined by a controller for drive of the subsystems (21, 22) between a first controller sampling step and a second controller sampling step, in that for each subsystem (21, 22) respectively high-frequency voltages (u inj) are injected as well as the predefined voltages (u control) in order in each case to achieve a position-dependent current change, wherein the high-frequency voltages (u inj) of the at least first and second subsystem (21, 22) are selected in such a way that they have a displaced phase position with respect to one another, and wherein the predefined voltages (u control) of the at least first and second subsystem (21, 22) are selected in such a way that they have essentially the same phase position with respect to one another, b. PWM-synchronous measurement of at least one first phase current and of one second phase current for each subsystem (21, 22) between the first controller sampling step and the second controller sampling step in order in each case to obtain a current curve of the phase currents, c. determining the rotor position depending on the current curves obtained in method step b and the high-frequency voltages (u inj) injected in method step a. a. changing voltages (u control) predefined by a controller for drive of the subsystems (21, 22) between a first controller sampling step and a second controller sampling step, in that for each subsystem (21, 22) respectively high-frequency voltages (u inj) are injected as well as the predefined voltages (u control) in order in each case to achieve a position-dependent current change, wherein the high-frequency voltages (u inj) of the at least first and second subsystem (21, 22) are selected in such a way that they have a displaced phase position with respect to one another, and wherein the predefined voltages (u control) of the at least first and second subsystem (21, 22) are selected in such a way that they have essentially the same phase position with respect to one another, b. PWM-synchronous measurement of at least one first phase current and of one second phase current for each subsystem (21, 22) between the first controller sampling step and the second controller sampling step in order in each case to obtain a current curve of the phase currents, c. determining the rotor position depending on the current curves obtained in method step b and the high-frequency voltages (u inj) injected in method step a.
A method for stabilizing an ascorbic acid oxidase, which comprises allowing the ascorbic acid oxidase to coexist with nitrous acid or a salt thereof, or a nitrous acid ester in an aqueous medium.
A method of preparing vanillin, comprising 1) reacting eugenol with oxygen gas in the presence of a strong alkali and a catalyst to obtain vanillin salt; and 2) reacting vanillin salt with an acid to obtain vanillin; wherein the catalyst is cobalt salt, mixed salts of cobalt salt and copper salt, or mixed salts of cobalt salt and nickel salt; and wherein the strong alkali is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, wherein the method comprises:weighing eugenol, a strong alkali, a catalyst, and a first organic solvent, respectively, the molar ratio of the strong alkali to eugenol being 1: 2-15, the amount of the catalyst being 0.1% to 2.0% of the weight of eugenol, and the volume of the first organic solvent being 3 to 10 folds of the volume of eugenol; adding the above substances to a reactor, respectively, the reaction pressure being 0.01-0.30 MPa, heating to 60-120°C under stirring, then beginning to introduce oxygen gas to control partial pressure of oxygen gas within 0.01-1 MPa, and performing oxidation reaction for 4-30 h; cooling to room temperature, adding water with the volume ratio of water to the first solvent being 0.5 to 2, adjusting to neutrality with an acid solution, recovering the first organic solvent, extracting the water phase with a second organic solvent, carrying out reduced pressure distillation, crystallizing with a mixed solvent of ethanol and water, and drying to give vanillin. 1) reacting eugenol with oxygen gas in the presence of a strong alkali and a catalyst to obtain vanillin salt; and 2) reacting vanillin salt with an acid to obtain vanillin;