A neuromodulation system for treating a patient, comprising: a first therapy element adapted for positioning within a first blood vessel, the first therapy element carried on a first elongate shaft, wherein the first shaft includes: an outer sheath having a distal portion and an expandable anchoring element on the distal portion, wherein the first therapy element comprises first electrodes on the expandable anchoring element; and an inner sheath slidably disposed within the outer sheath, the inner and outer sheath having distal portions fixed to one another, such that relative longitudinal movement of the inner and outer sheaths in opposite directions moves the expandable anchoring element between unexpanded and expanded positions; a second therapy element adapted for positioning within a second blood vessel different from the first blood vessel, the second therapy element carried on a second shaft, wherein the second shaft includes: a second outer sheath having a distal portion, and a second expandable anchoring element on the distal portion, wherein the second therapy element comprises second electrodes on the second expandable anchoring element, and a second inner sheath slidably disposed within the second outer sheath, the second inner and second outer sheath having distal portions fixed to one another, such that relative longitudinal movement of the second inner and second outer sheaths in opposite directions moves the second expandable anchoring element between unexpanded and expanded positions; wherein one of the first and second shafts is slidably received within a lumen of the other of the first and second shafts; and a stimulator configured to (a) energize the first therapy element within the first blood vessel to deliver therapy to a first nerve fiber disposed external to the first blood vessel and (b) energize the second therapy element within the second blood vessel to deliver sympathetic therapy to a second nerve fiber disposed external to the first blood vessel. a first therapy element adapted for positioning within a first blood vessel, the first therapy element carried on a first elongate shaft, wherein the first shaft includes: an outer sheath having a distal portion and an expandable anchoring element on the distal portion, wherein the first therapy element comprises first electrodes on the expandable anchoring element; and an inner sheath slidably disposed within the outer sheath, the inner and outer sheath having distal portions fixed to one another, such that relative longitudinal movement of the inner and outer sheaths in opposite directions moves the expandable anchoring element between unexpanded and expanded positions; an outer sheath having a distal portion and an expandable anchoring element on the distal portion, wherein the first therapy element comprises first electrodes on the expandable anchoring element; and an inner sheath slidably disposed within the outer sheath, the inner and outer sheath having distal portions fixed to one another, such that relative longitudinal movement of the inner and outer sheaths in opposite directions moves the expandable anchoring element between unexpanded and expanded positions; a second therapy element adapted for positioning within a second blood vessel different from the first blood vessel, the second therapy element carried on a second shaft, wherein the second shaft includes: a second outer sheath having a distal portion, and a second expandable anchoring element on the distal portion, wherein the second therapy element comprises second electrodes on the second expandable anchoring element, and a second inner sheath slidably disposed within the second outer sheath, the second inner and second outer sheath having distal portions fixed to one another, such that relative longitudinal movement of the second inner and second outer sheaths in opposite directions moves the second expandable anchoring element between unexpanded and expanded positions; a second outer sheath having a distal portion, and a second expandable anchoring element on the distal portion, wherein the second therapy element comprises second electrodes on the second expandable anchoring element, and a second inner sheath slidably disposed within the second outer sheath, the second inner and second outer sheath having distal portions fixed to one another, such that relative longitudinal movement of the second inner and second outer sheaths in opposite directions moves the second expandable anchoring element between unexpanded and expanded positions; wherein one of the first and second shafts is slidably received within a lumen of the other of the first and second shafts; and a stimulator configured to (a) energize the first therapy element within the first blood vessel to deliver therapy to a first nerve fiber disposed external to the first blood vessel and (b) energize the second therapy element within the second blood vessel to deliver sympathetic therapy to a second nerve fiber disposed external to the first blood vessel.