A preceding vehicle detection device specifying a preceding vehicle running right in front of an own vehicle among a plurality of other vehicles (k) running around the own vehicle, the device comprises: a data obtaining member configured to obtain: a first data group by using a detection device (31, 40, 50) of the own vehicle, the first data group including a plurality of data (ps(n), pp(n)) representing a driving status amount of one of the other vehicles (k) running right in front of the own vehicle; and a second data group, by using an inter-vehicle communication between the own vehicle and each of the other vehicles (k), along with data to identify the each of the other vehicles (k) sending the second data group, the second data group including a plurality of data (ts k (n), tp k (n)) representing a driving status amount of the each of the other vehicles (k), and characterized in a specifying member configured to specify the preceding vehicle in that it is configured to: obtain a plurality of kinds of a maximum speed difference, a maximum speed mean square error, a maximum difference of acceleration change, a minimum speed correlation coefficient, an average speed correlation coefficient, a maximum distance change error, and a maximum mean square error of relative position as statistical amounts representing a data similarity between the first data group and the second data group of the each of the other vehicles (k); to obtain a preceding vehicle probability for each of the obtained statistical amounts based on the each of the obtained statistical amounts and a predetermined look-up table (Mapα1, Mapα2, Mapα3, Mapα4, Mapα5, Mapα6, Mapα7) defined in advance for the each of the statistical amounts; to calculate a final preceding vehicle probability for the each of the other vehicles (k) based on the obtained preceding vehicle probabilities; and to specify the preceding vehicle based on the final preceding vehicle probability. a data obtaining member configured to obtain: a first data group by using a detection device (31, 40, 50) of the own vehicle, the first data group including a plurality of data (ps(n), pp(n)) representing a driving status amount of one of the other vehicles (k) running right in front of the own vehicle; and a second data group, by using an inter-vehicle communication between the own vehicle and each of the other vehicles (k), along with data to identify the each of the other vehicles (k) sending the second data group, the second data group including a plurality of data (ts k (n), tp k (n)) representing a driving status amount of the each of the other vehicles (k), and characterized in a specifying member configured to specify the preceding vehicle in that it is configured to: obtain a plurality of kinds of a maximum speed difference, a maximum speed mean square error, a maximum difference of acceleration change, a minimum speed correlation coefficient, an average speed correlation coefficient, a maximum distance change error, and a maximum mean square error of relative position as statistical amounts representing a data similarity between the first data group and the second data group of the each of the other vehicles (k); to obtain a preceding vehicle probability for each of the obtained statistical amounts based on the each of the obtained statistical amounts and a predetermined look-up table (Mapα1, Mapα2, Mapα3, Mapα4, Mapα5, Mapα6, Mapα7) defined in advance for the each of the statistical amounts; to calculate a final preceding vehicle probability for the each of the other vehicles (k) based on the obtained preceding vehicle probabilities; and to specify the preceding vehicle based on the final preceding vehicle probability.