An apparatus for breaking thrombus and aspirating the thrombus, the apparatus comprising: an aspirating rotary grinding hand-held system which integrates a rotary grinding head driving device, an aspirating device, a power supply device and a control device; a micro catheter device comprising a micro catheter, which is communicated with the aspirating device and the rotary grinding head driving device, respectively; a waste liquid collecting device which is connected to the aspirating device, wherein the aspirating device and the waste liquid collecting device form an airtight passage; and a distal end rotary grinding head device which is connected to the rotary grinding head driving device through a connection mandrel, wherein the power supply device provides power for the rotary grinding head driving device; wherein the distal end rotary grinding head device and the connection mandrel are accommodated in an inner cavity of the micro catheter device; and wherein the control device controls the aspirating device and the rotary grinding head driving device, such that the aspirating device and the rotary grinding head driving device run simultaneously, the apparatus being characterized in that the distal end rotary grinding head device is cylindrical-shaped or shuttle-shaped and has a length comprised between 0,5 millimeters and 15 millimeters, in that the distal end rotary grinding head device comprises a side surface provided with rotary grinding head openings, in that the connection mandrel is composed of a core wire having a periphery, a protective sheath tube being sheathed on said periphery, and in that the protective sheath tube comprises a surface provided with a spiral cutting pattern. an aspirating rotary grinding hand-held system which integrates a rotary grinding head driving device, an aspirating device, a power supply device and a control device; a micro catheter device comprising a micro catheter, which is communicated with the aspirating device and the rotary grinding head driving device, respectively; a waste liquid collecting device which is connected to the aspirating device, wherein the aspirating device and the waste liquid collecting device form an airtight passage; and a distal end rotary grinding head device which is connected to the rotary grinding head driving device through a connection mandrel, wherein the power supply device provides power for the rotary grinding head driving device; wherein the distal end rotary grinding head device and the connection mandrel are accommodated in an inner cavity of the micro catheter device; and wherein the control device controls the aspirating device and the rotary grinding head driving device, such that the aspirating device and the rotary grinding head driving device run simultaneously, the apparatus being characterized in that the distal end rotary grinding head device is cylindrical-shaped or shuttle-shaped and has a length comprised between 0,5 millimeters and 15 millimeters, in that the distal end rotary grinding head device comprises a side surface provided with rotary grinding head openings, in that the connection mandrel is composed of a core wire having a periphery, a protective sheath tube being sheathed on said periphery, and in that the protective sheath tube comprises a surface provided with a spiral cutting pattern.