Method for analysing an object comprising the following steps: a) placing the object facing a source of irradiation emitting ionising electromagnetic radiation and irradiating the object using said source, through a first collimator, so as to form a collimated incident beam (12 c) propagating towards the object along a propagation axis (12 z); b) placing a detector comprising a plurality of pixels (20 k), so that each pixel is able to detect radiation (14 θ) scattered by the object thus irradiated, said scattered radiation (14 θ) propagating in a direction making an acute angle, called the scattering angle (θ), to said propagation axis (12 z); c) acquiring, with a plurality of pixels (20 k) of the detector, a scattering spectrum S k E representative of an energy distribution of said scattered radiation (14 θ), each scattering spectrum being associated with one pixel (20 k); d) decomposing the object into elementary volumes (V z) and associating, with each pixel (20 k), a dispersion function ( g k), the value of which, for each elementary volume, represents a contribution of said elementary volume to the scattered radiation (14 θ) detected by each pixel (20 k); e) on the basis of the acquired scattering spectra S k E and of the dispersion functions ( g k) associated with each pixel (20 k), determining a scattering signature f z χ associated with each elementary volume ( V z), said signature being representative of a material forming said elementary volume; f) on the basis of the scattering signatures f z χ associated with each elementary volume ( V z), estimating a nature of the material forming the various elementary volumes ( V z) of the object. a) placing the object facing a source of irradiation emitting ionising electromagnetic radiation and irradiating the object using said source, through a first collimator, so as to form a collimated incident beam (12 c) propagating towards the object along a propagation axis (12 z); b) placing a detector comprising a plurality of pixels (20 k), so that each pixel is able to detect radiation (14 θ) scattered by the object thus irradiated, said scattered radiation (14 θ) propagating in a direction making an acute angle, called the scattering angle (θ), to said propagation axis (12 z); c) acquiring, with a plurality of pixels (20 k) of the detector, a scattering spectrum S k E representative of an energy distribution of said scattered radiation (14 θ), each scattering spectrum being associated with one pixel (20 k); d) decomposing the object into elementary volumes (V z) and associating, with each pixel (20 k), a dispersion function ( g k), the value of which, for each elementary volume, represents a contribution of said elementary volume to the scattered radiation (14 θ) detected by each pixel (20 k); e) on the basis of the acquired scattering spectra S k E and of the dispersion functions ( g k) associated with each pixel (20 k), determining a scattering signature f z χ associated with each elementary volume ( V z), said signature being representative of a material forming said elementary volume; f) on the basis of the scattering signatures f z χ associated with each elementary volume ( V z), estimating a nature of the material forming the various elementary volumes ( V z) of the object.