A digital fronthaul data transmission method, comprising: receiving, by a first microwave device, digital fronthaul data, and obtaining common information for implementing functions and radio signal information from the digital fronthaul data; performing, by the first microwave device, digital quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM, on the common information to obtain in-phase/quadrature, I/Q data of the common information, wherein QAM modulation is not performed on the radio signal information; generating, by the first microwave device, a microwave air interface frame in a time division multiplexing manner by time multiplexing antenna-carrier I/Q samples corresponding to the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information, wherein the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information are encapsulated in a payload area of the microwave air interface frame, and a pilot in a microwave overhead and the payload area are arranged at a preset interval in an interleaved manner; and sending, by the first microwave device, the microwave air interface frame; wherein the generating, by the first microwave device, a microwave air interface frame in a time division multiplexing manner based on the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information specifically comprises: generating, by the first microwave device, a transmit clock of the microwave air interface frame and a header indication signal of the microwave air interface frame; inserting, by the first microwave device, a preamble in the microwave overhead into a header location of the microwave air interface frame under the control of the transmit clock of the microwave air interface frame and the header indication signal of the microwave air interface frame; and encapsulating, by the first microwave device, the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information into the payload area of the microwave air interface frame, and arranging the pilot and the payload area at the preset interval in an interleaved manner, according to a uniform interpolation algorithm under the control of the transmit clock of the microwave air interface frame and the header indication signal of the microwave air interface frame. receiving, by a first microwave device, digital fronthaul data, and obtaining common information for implementing functions and radio signal information from the digital fronthaul data; performing, by the first microwave device, digital quadrature amplitude modulation, QAM, on the common information to obtain in-phase/quadrature, I/Q data of the common information, wherein QAM modulation is not performed on the radio signal information; generating, by the first microwave device, a microwave air interface frame in a time division multiplexing manner by time multiplexing antenna-carrier I/Q samples corresponding to the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information, wherein the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information are encapsulated in a payload area of the microwave air interface frame, and a pilot in a microwave overhead and the payload area are arranged at a preset interval in an interleaved manner; and sending, by the first microwave device, the microwave air interface frame; wherein the generating, by the first microwave device, a microwave air interface frame in a time division multiplexing manner based on the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information specifically comprises: generating, by the first microwave device, a transmit clock of the microwave air interface frame and a header indication signal of the microwave air interface frame; inserting, by the first microwave device, a preamble in the microwave overhead into a header location of the microwave air interface frame under the control of the transmit clock of the microwave air interface frame and the header indication signal of the microwave air interface frame; and encapsulating, by the first microwave device, the radio signal information and the I/Q data of the common information into the payload area of the microwave air interface frame, and arranging the pilot and the payload area at the preset interval in an interleaved manner, according to a uniform interpolation algorithm under the control of the transmit clock of the microwave air interface frame and the header indication signal of the microwave air interface frame.