A locking and unlocking fixture capable of adaptive position adjustment for locking and unlocking a power battery installed to an electric vehicle, the locking and unlocking fixture comprises: a fixture sleeve; and a base, which is received in the fixture sleeve and is further connected to a driving device, wherein the fixture sleeve is floatable within a set range relative to the base during a process in which the driving device drives the base to approach the power battery; wherein the base comprises a first columnar segment and a second columnar segment, wherein the second columnar segment is a prismatic segment, which is received in a first sliding segment of the fixture sleeve in a clearance fit manner; wherein a first spring is sheathed over the fixture sleeve corresponding to the first sliding segment, the first spring is further connected to the first columnar segment, and in the case where an external force is removed, the first spring enables the fixture sleeve to return to an initial position of the fixture sleeve relative to the base; a first limiting mechanism, which enables the fixture sleeve to float in a vertical direction relative to the base as the driving device moves the base in the vertical direction; a second limiting mechanism received in a second sliding segment of the fixture sleeve, wherein the second limiting mechanism is capable of jacking up a threaded rod of a locking device of the power battery corresponding to the locking and unlocking fixture during a process in which the base moves in the vertical direction; characterized in that the second limiting mechanism comprises: a push rod, which is received in the second sliding segment, and is slidable in an axial direction of the fixture sleeve; a second strip-shaped hole provided in the push rod; a second radial hole provided in the second sliding segment; and a second connecting rod connected to the second strip-shaped hole and the second radial hole, respectively, wherein the second connecting rod is slidable within a hole length range of the second strip-shaped hole, such that the fixture sleeve is floatable relative to the push rod within the hole length range of the second strip-shaped hole. a fixture sleeve; and a base, which is received in the fixture sleeve and is further connected to a driving device, wherein the fixture sleeve is floatable within a set range relative to the base during a process in which the driving device drives the base to approach the power battery; wherein the base comprises a first columnar segment and a second columnar segment, wherein the second columnar segment is a prismatic segment, which is received in a first sliding segment of the fixture sleeve in a clearance fit manner; wherein a first spring is sheathed over the fixture sleeve corresponding to the first sliding segment, the first spring is further connected to the first columnar segment, and in the case where an external force is removed, the first spring enables the fixture sleeve to return to an initial position of the fixture sleeve relative to the base; a first limiting mechanism, which enables the fixture sleeve to float in a vertical direction relative to the base as the driving device moves the base in the vertical direction; a second limiting mechanism received in a second sliding segment of the fixture sleeve, wherein the second limiting mechanism is capable of jacking up a threaded rod of a locking device of the power battery corresponding to the locking and unlocking fixture during a process in which the base moves in the vertical direction; characterized in that the second limiting mechanism comprises: a push rod, which is received in the second sliding segment, and is slidable in an axial direction of the fixture sleeve; a second strip-shaped hole provided in the push rod; a second radial hole provided in the second sliding segment; and a second connecting rod connected to the second strip-shaped hole and the second radial hole, respectively, wherein the second connecting rod is slidable within a hole length range of the second strip-shaped hole, such that the fixture sleeve is floatable relative to the push rod within the hole length range of the second strip-shaped hole. a push rod, which is received in the second sliding segment, and is slidable in an axial direction of the fixture sleeve; a second strip-shaped hole provided in the push rod; a second radial hole provided in the second sliding segment; and a second connecting rod connected to the second strip-shaped hole and the second radial hole, respectively, wherein the second connecting rod is slidable within a hole length range of the second strip-shaped hole, such that the fixture sleeve is floatable relative to the push rod within the hole length range of the second strip-shaped hole.