An apparatus for conducting a battery nail penetration test, the apparatus comprising: a secondary battery, which is an object of the nail penetration test; a stage on which the secondary battery is fixed; a nail penetration unit comprising a nail which penetrates into the secondary battery and a nail elevating/lowering means configured to elevate or lower the nail; a voltage measuring unit coupled to electrodes (P, N) of the secondary battery and configured to repeatedly measure a voltage of the secondary battery with a time interval while the nail penetration test is in progress, wherein the measured voltage is referred to as a short-circuit voltage; a display unit configured to visually display information; and a controller operably coupled to the voltage measuring unit,wherein the controller controls the nail penetration unit to lower the nail such that the nail penetrates into the secondary battery, periodically receives the short-circuit voltage from the voltage measuring unit, determines a short-circuit current that would flow through an equivalent circuit of the secondary battery on the assumption that the short-circuit voltage is applied between outermost nodes of the equivalent circuit, wherein the equivalent circuit models the secondary battery whenever the short-circuit voltage is received, and visually outputs changes in a value of the determined short-circuit current according to time through the display unit, wherein the equivalent circuit comprises, as a plurality of circuit elements, a serial resistor, at least one RC circuit (220a and 220b), and an open circuit voltage source which varies a voltage depending on a state of charge of the secondary battery, the plurality of circuit elements being connected to each other in series. a secondary battery, which is an object of the nail penetration test; a stage on which the secondary battery is fixed; a nail penetration unit comprising a nail which penetrates into the secondary battery and a nail elevating/lowering means configured to elevate or lower the nail; a voltage measuring unit coupled to electrodes (P, N) of the secondary battery and configured to repeatedly measure a voltage of the secondary battery with a time interval while the nail penetration test is in progress, wherein the measured voltage is referred to as a short-circuit voltage; a display unit configured to visually display information; and a controller operably coupled to the voltage measuring unit,wherein the controller controls the nail penetration unit to lower the nail such that the nail penetrates into the secondary battery, periodically receives the short-circuit voltage from the voltage measuring unit, determines a short-circuit current that would flow through an equivalent circuit of the secondary battery on the assumption that the short-circuit voltage is applied between outermost nodes of the equivalent circuit, wherein the equivalent circuit models the secondary battery whenever the short-circuit voltage is received, and visually outputs changes in a value of the determined short-circuit current according to time through the display unit, wherein the equivalent circuit comprises, as a plurality of circuit elements, a serial resistor, at least one RC circuit (220a and 220b), and an open circuit voltage source which varies a voltage depending on a state of charge of the secondary battery, the plurality of circuit elements being connected to each other in series.