A method for extracting lipids in food, comprising steps of: mixing a food sample with mixed internal standard, wherein the mixed internal standard is one or more of deuterated glycerolipids, different types of deuterated phospholipids, and different types of deuterated sphingolipids; the mixed internal standard is used in an amount such that the mass concentration of each lipid after adding the mixed internal standard is 60-140% of the mass concentration of the same type of lipid in the original sample; mixing the mixture of the food sample and the mixed internal standard with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as a lipid extraction solvent and adding ultrapure water for performing a first centrifugation to obtain an upper phase and a lower organic phase, wherein the volume ratio of dichloromethane, methanol and ultrapure water is 1-3.5:1-3:0.2-0.55; dichloromethane is used in an amount of 0.5-2 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 1-3 mL/0.05 g powdered solid food sample; adding dichloromethane to the upper phase obtained by the first centrifugation for performing a second centrifugation to obtain an upper phase and a lower organic phase; dichloromethane is used in an amount of 0.2-1.8 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 1-3 mL/0.05 g powdered solid food sample; adding ultrapure water, methanol, and dichloromethane to the lower organic phase obtained by the first centrifugation for performing a third centrifugation to obtain an upper phase and a lower organic phase; the volume ratio of ultrapure water, methanol and dichloromethane is 0.3-1:1-3.5:0.5-3; dichloromethane is used in an amount of 0.3-1 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 0.3-1 mL/0.05 g powdered solid food sample; combining the upper phase obtained by the second centrifugation with the upper phase obtained by the third centrifugation, and drying the combined upper phases with nitrogen to obtain gangliosides; combining the lower organic phase obtained by the second centrifugation with the lower organic phase obtained by the third centrifugation, and drying the combined lower organic phases with nitrogen to obtain phospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids; and dissolving the obtained phospholipids, fatty acids, and glycerolipids in the solution of dichloromethane and methanol with a volume ratio of 0.6-1.5:0.6-1.2 to obtain a redissolved lipid solution, and then separating the redissolved lipid solution with a silica gel column to obtain glycerolipids/fatty acids and phospholipids, respectively; the solution of dichloromethane and methanol is used in an amount of 0.2-2.5 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 0.5-2.5 mL/0.05 g powderedsolid food sample; wherein, the lipids are gangliosides, phospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids. mixing a food sample with mixed internal standard, wherein the mixed internal standard is one or more of deuterated glycerolipids, different types of deuterated phospholipids, and different types of deuterated sphingolipids; the mixed internal standard is used in an amount such that the mass concentration of each lipid after adding the mixed internal standard is 60-140% of the mass concentration of the same type of lipid in the original sample; mixing the mixture of the food sample and the mixed internal standard with a mixture of dichloromethane and methanol as a lipid extraction solvent and adding ultrapure water for performing a first centrifugation to obtain an upper phase and a lower organic phase, wherein the volume ratio of dichloromethane, methanol and ultrapure water is 1-3.5:1-3:0.2-0.55; dichloromethane is used in an amount of 0.5-2 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 1-3 mL/0.05 g powdered solid food sample; adding dichloromethane to the upper phase obtained by the first centrifugation for performing a second centrifugation to obtain an upper phase and a lower organic phase; dichloromethane is used in an amount of 0.2-1.8 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 1-3 mL/0.05 g powdered solid food sample; adding ultrapure water, methanol, and dichloromethane to the lower organic phase obtained by the first centrifugation for performing a third centrifugation to obtain an upper phase and a lower organic phase; the volume ratio of ultrapure water, methanol and dichloromethane is 0.3-1:1-3.5:0.5-3; dichloromethane is used in an amount of 0.3-1 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 0.3-1 mL/0.05 g powdered solid food sample; combining the upper phase obtained by the second centrifugation with the upper phase obtained by the third centrifugation, and drying the combined upper phases with nitrogen to obtain gangliosides; combining the lower organic phase obtained by the second centrifugation with the lower organic phase obtained by the third centrifugation, and drying the combined lower organic phases with nitrogen to obtain phospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids; and dissolving the obtained phospholipids, fatty acids, and glycerolipids in the solution of dichloromethane and methanol with a volume ratio of 0.6-1.5:0.6-1.2 to obtain a redissolved lipid solution, and then separating the redissolved lipid solution with a silica gel column to obtain glycerolipids/fatty acids and phospholipids, respectively; the solution of dichloromethane and methanol is used in an amount of 0.2-2.5 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 0.5-2.5 mL/0.05 g powderedsolid food sample; wherein, the lipids are gangliosides, phospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids. the solution of dichloromethane and methanol is used in an amount of 0.2-2.5 mL/100 μL liquid food sample or 0.5-2.5 mL/0.05 g powderedsolid food sample; wherein, the lipids are gangliosides, phospholipids, glycerolipids, and fatty acids.