An optical arrangement for direct laser interference structuring, in which a laser beam emitted by a laser beam source is directed onto an element which reflects the laser beam and is inclined at an angle of 45° with respect to the optical axis of the laser beam with its reflective surface and a- the laser beam reflected by the reflective element impinges on a first beam splitter, with which the reflected laser beam is split into two partial beams (3 and 4) and a partial beam that has been obtained with the first beam splitter is reflected by means of the first beam splitter and its optical axis is deflected in the direction of a focusing optical element; and b1- a second partial beam transmitted through the first beam splitter impinges on a first pentamirror or b2- a pentaprism and thus, after multiple reflection and/or refraction, is directed onto the focusing optical element parallel to the optical axis of the first partial beam or c1- a second partial beam obtained with the first beam splitter is directed onto a second beam splitter with which the second partial beam is split into a first partial beam (4.1) of the second partial beam and a third partial beam (4.2) and the first partial beam (4.1) of the second partial beam impinges, parallel to the optical axis of the first partial beam, with a first pentamirror or c2- a pentaprism, on the focusing element and the second partial beam (4.2) of the second partial beam impinges on a second pentamirror or pentaprism and thus, after multiple reflection and/or refraction, is directed parallel to the optical axes of the first partial beam and the first partial beam (4.1) of the second partial beam onto the focusing optical element; and d- the partial beams (3, 4, 4.1, 4.2) with the focusing optical element for forming a structuring on or in the region of a surface are directed onto this surface in a mutually interfering manner; and e- the reflective element, while maintaining the angle of 45° parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam emitted by the laser beam source, is translationally displaceable for influencing the interference period Λ. a- the laser beam reflected by the reflective element impinges on a first beam splitter, with which the reflected laser beam is split into two partial beams (3 and 4) and a partial beam that has been obtained with the first beam splitter is reflected by means of the first beam splitter and its optical axis is deflected in the direction of a focusing optical element; and b1- a second partial beam transmitted through the first beam splitter impinges on a first pentamirror or b2- a pentaprism and thus, after multiple reflection and/or refraction, is directed onto the focusing optical element parallel to the optical axis of the first partial beam or c1- a second partial beam obtained with the first beam splitter is directed onto a second beam splitter with which the second partial beam is split into a first partial beam (4.1) of the second partial beam and a third partial beam (4.2) and the first partial beam (4.1) of the second partial beam impinges, parallel to the optical axis of the first partial beam, with a first pentamirror or c2- a pentaprism, on the focusing element and the second partial beam (4.2) of the second partial beam impinges on a second pentamirror or pentaprism and thus, after multiple reflection and/or refraction, is directed parallel to the optical axes of the first partial beam and the first partial beam (4.1) of the second partial beam onto the focusing optical element; and d- the partial beams (3, 4, 4.1, 4.2) with the focusing optical element for forming a structuring on or in the region of a surface are directed onto this surface in a mutually interfering manner; and e- the reflective element, while maintaining the angle of 45° parallel to the optical axis of the laser beam emitted by the laser beam source, is translationally displaceable for influencing the interference period Λ.