A surveying system having a total station and a target instrument, wherein said total station has a distance measuring light projecting unit for projecting a distance measuring light, a light receiving unit for receiving a reflected distance measuring light and producing a light receiving signal, a distance measuring unit (35, 36, 37) for performing a distance measurement of an object to be measured based on said light receiving signal, an optical axis deflector provided on a distance measuring optical axis and capable of deflecting said distance measuring optical axis two-dimensionally, a projecting direction detecting module for detecting a deflection angle of said distance measuring optical axis and performing an angle measurement, an image pickup unit having an image pickup optical axis in parallel with said distance measuring optical axis in a condition not deflected by said optical axis deflector, and an arithmetic control module for controlling a deflecting action of said optical axis deflector and a distance measuring action of said distance measuring unit, the surveying system being characterized in that said target instrument has an illuminating lamp for emitting an illumination light toward said total station, and said arithmetic control module is configured to detect said illumination light from an image acquired by said image pickup unit, to acquire a direction of said illuminating lamp based on a detection result of said illumination light, to make said optical axis deflector to scan two-dimensionally with said distance measuring light around the acquired direction as a center, and to perform a distance measurement and an angle measurement along a scanning path, and in that said target instrument has reflection sheeting as retro-reflector and has a reference point of said target instrument at a known position with respect to said illuminating lamp, a reference reflection part around said reference point, and an auxiliary reflection part extending in up-and-down directions from said reference reflection part, wherein said reference reflection part is larger in diameter than said auxiliary reflection part, and said reference reflection part and said auxiliary reflection part are formed by said reflection sheeting wound on the entire circumference, wherein said total station is configured to detect said target instrument based on the reflected distance measuring light from said auxiliary reflection part or said reference reflection part, and further to detect said reference point based on said reflected distance measuring light from said reference reflection part, and said arithmetic control module is configured to make said optical axis deflector to scan said distance measuring optical axis based on a detection result of said reference point and to acquire a three-dimensional position of said reference point, wherein said arithmetic control module is configured to make said optical axis deflector to continuously execute a two-dimensional scanning pattern, while the target instrument is moving, to detect the reflected distance measuring light at the time when said scanning pattern crosses said reference reflection part or said auxiliary reflection part and to track said target instrument based on the detection result. said arithmetic control module is configured to detect said illumination light from an image acquired by said image pickup unit, to acquire a direction of said illuminating lamp based on a detection result of said illumination light, to make said optical axis deflector to scan two-dimensionally with said distance measuring light around the acquired direction as a center, and to perform a distance measurement and an angle measurement along a scanning path, and in that said target instrument has reflection sheeting as retro-reflector and has a reference point of said target instrument at a known position with respect to said illuminating lamp, a reference reflection part around said reference point, and an auxiliary reflection part extending in up-and-down directions from said reference reflection part, wherein said reference reflection part is larger in diameter than said auxiliary reflection part, and said reference reflection part and said auxiliary reflection part are formed by said reflection sheeting wound on the entire circumference, wherein said total station is configured to detect said target instrument based on the reflected distance measuring light from said auxiliary reflection part or said reference reflection part, and further to detect said reference point based on said reflected distance measuring light from said reference reflection part, and said arithmetic control module is configured to make said optical axis deflector to scan said distance measuring optical axis based on a detection result of said reference point and to acquire a three-dimensional position of said reference point, wherein said arithmetic control module is configured to make said optical axis deflector to continuously execute a two-dimensional scanning pattern, while the target instrument is moving, to detect the reflected distance measuring light at the time when said scanning pattern crosses said reference reflection part or said auxiliary reflection part and to track said target instrument based on the detection result.