Method for monitoring a mechanical system, said mechanical system comprising a lubrication system provided with: - at least one tank containing a lubrication liquid; - at least one lubrication circuit, in which said lubrication liquid circulates and which is intended for lubricating said mechanical system, said at least one lubrication circuit comprising pipes, in which said lubrication liquid circulates; - at least one flow generator for said lubrication liquid for supplying at least one lubrication circuit with said lubrication liquid; and - at least one particle capture device, characterized in that said method comprises the following steps: - measuring at least one first feature of detected particles circulating in at least one pipe of a lubrication circuit; - comparing at least one first feature of said detected particles with a first threshold; - collecting particles captured by said at least one capture device if at least one first threshold is exceeded; - measuring at least one second feature of said captured particles; - comparing at least one second feature of said captured particles with a second threshold; and - maintaining said mechanical system if at least one second threshold is exceeded, and, if said at least one second feature of said captured particles is less than said second threshold and at least one second feature from among said at least one second feature of said captured particles is greeater than a third threshold, with said third threshold being less than said second threshold, said method comprises additional steps of: - analyzing said at least one first feature of said detected particles in order to identify whether said lubrication liquid is polluted; - cleaning said mechanical system if pollution of said lubrication liquid is identified; and - scheduling regular captures of said particles captured by said at least one capture device if no pollution of said lubrication liquid is identified. - at least one tank containing a lubrication liquid; - at least one lubrication circuit, in which said lubrication liquid circulates and which is intended for lubricating said mechanical system, said at least one lubrication circuit comprising pipes, in which said lubrication liquid circulates; - at least one flow generator for said lubrication liquid for supplying at least one lubrication circuit with said lubrication liquid; and - at least one particle capture device, - measuring at least one first feature of detected particles circulating in at least one pipe of a lubrication circuit; - comparing at least one first feature of said detected particles with a first threshold; - collecting particles captured by said at least one capture device if at least one first threshold is exceeded; - measuring at least one second feature of said captured particles; - comparing at least one second feature of said captured particles with a second threshold; and - maintaining said mechanical system if at least one second threshold is exceeded, - analyzing said at least one first feature of said detected particles in order to identify whether said lubrication liquid is polluted; - cleaning said mechanical system if pollution of said lubrication liquid is identified; and - scheduling regular captures of said particles captured by said at least one capture device if no pollution of said lubrication liquid is identified.