An encoding method, comprising: obtaining a lifting factor Z, where Z is one of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320; encoding (502; 603) an input sequence c of length K based on a low density parity check, LDPC, matrix H, wherein the LDPC matrix H is determined according to a base matrix and the lifting factor Z; wherein the base matrix comprises row 0 to row m-1 and column 0 to column n-1 of the following matrix H B, where 7≤m≤42, m is an integer, 17≤n≤52, and n is an integer, and elements in the base matrix are respectively represented by their row index i and column index j, where 0≤i<m, 0≤j<n; wherein an element in the base matrix is either a zero-element or a non-zero-element, and a non-zero element at row i and column j has a value V i,j, wherein each zero-element in the base matrix corresponds to an all zero matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, wherein a non-zero-element at row i and column j in the base matrix corresponds to a circular permutation matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, and the circular permutation matrix corresponds to a Z×Z identity matrix circularly shifted to the right for P i, j times, where P i,j =mod( V i,j, Z); and wherein in the following matrix H B, all elements except the non-zero-elements are zero elements, and the non-zero-elements whose row indexes (i), column indexes (j) and corresponding values V i,j are as follows: matrix H B row index (i) column index (j) V i,j 0 0,1,2,3,6,9,10,11 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 1 0,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12 137,124,0,0,88,0,0,55,0,0 2 0,1,3,4,8,10,12,13 20,94,99,9,108,1,0,0 3 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13 38,15,102,146,12,57,53,46,0,0 4 0,1,11,14 0,136,157,0 5 0,1,5,7,11,15 0,131,142,141,64,0 6 0,5,7,9,11,16 0,124,99,45,148,0 7 1,5,7,11,13,17 0,45,148,96,78,0 8 0,1,12,18 0,65,87,0 9 1,8,10,11,19 0,97,51,85,0 10 0,1,6,7,20 0,17,156,20,0 11 0,7,9,13,21 0,7,4,2,0 12 1,3,11,22 0,113,48,0 13 0,1,8,13,23 0,112,102,26,0 14 1,6,11,13,24 0,138,57,27,0 15 0,10,11,25 0,73,99,0 16 1,9,11,12,26 0,79,111,143,0 17 1,5,11,12,27 0,24,109,18,0 18 0,6,7,28 0,18,86,0 19 0,1,10,29 0,158,154,0 20 1,4,11,30 0,148,104,0 21 0,8,13,31 0,17,33,0 22 1,2,32 0,4,0 23 0,3,5,33 0,75,158,0 24 1,2,9,34 0,69,87,0 25 0,5,35 0,65,0 26 2,7,12,13,36 0,100,13,7,0 27 0,6,37 0,32,0 28 1,2,5,38 0,126,110,0 29 0,4,39 0,154,0 30 2,5,7,9,40 0,35,51,134,0 31 1,13,41 0,20,0 32 0,5,12,42 0,20,122,0 33 2,7,10,43 0,88,13,0 34 0,12,13,44 0,19,78,0 35 1,5,11,45 0,157,6,0 36 0,2,7,46 0,63,82,0 37 10,13,47 0,144,0 38 1,5,11,48 0,93,19,0 39 0,7,12,49 0,24,138,0 40 2,10,13,50 0,36,143,0 41 1,5,11,51 0,2,55,0 obtaining a lifting factor Z, where Z is one of 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320; encoding (502; 603) an input sequence c of length K based on a low density parity check, LDPC, matrix H, wherein the LDPC matrix H is determined according to a base matrix and the lifting factor Z; wherein the base matrix comprises row 0 to row m-1 and column 0 to column n-1 of the following matrix H B, where 7≤m≤42, m is an integer, 17≤n≤52, and n is an integer, and elements in the base matrix are respectively represented by their row index i and column index j, where 0≤i<m, 0≤j<n; wherein an element in the base matrix is either a zero-element or a non-zero-element, and a non-zero element at row i and column j has a value V i,j, wherein each zero-element in the base matrix corresponds to an all zero matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, wherein a non-zero-element at row i and column j in the base matrix corresponds to a circular permutation matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, and the circular permutation matrix corresponds to a Z×Z identity matrix circularly shifted to the right for P i, j times, where P i,j =mod( V i,j, Z); and wherein in the following matrix H B, all elements except the non-zero-elements are zero elements, and the non-zero-elements whose row indexes (i), column indexes (j) and corresponding values V i,j are as follows: matrix H B row index (i) column index (j) V i,j 0 0,1,2,3,6,9,10,11 0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0 1 0,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12 137,124,0,0,88,0,0,55,0,0 2 0,1,3,4,8,10,12,13 20,94,99,9,108,1,0,0 3 1,2,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,13 38,15,102,146,12,57,53,46,0,0 4 0,1,11,14 0,136,157,0 5 0,1,5,7,11,15 0,131,142,141,64,0 6 0,5,7,9,11,16 0,124,99,45,148,0 7 1,5,7,11,13,17 0,45,148,96,78,0 8 0,1,12,18 0,65,87,0 9 1,8,10,11,19 0,97,51,85,0 10 0,1,6,7,20 0,17,156,20,0 11 0,7,9,13,21 0,7,4,2,0 12 1,3,11,22 0,113,48,0 13 0,1,8,13,23 0,112,102,26,0 14 1,6,11,13,24 0,138,57,27,0 15 0,10,11,25 0,73,99,0 16 1,9,11,12,26 0,79,111,143,0 17 1,5,11,12,27 0,24,109,18,0 18 0,6,7,28 0,18,86,0 19 0,1,10,29 0,158,154,0 20 1,4,11,30 0,148,104,0 21 0,8,13,31 0,17,33,0 22 1,2,32 0,4,0 23 0,3,5,33 0,75,158,0 24 1,2,9,34 0,69,87,0 25 0,5,35 0,65,0 26 2,7,12,13,36 0,100,13,7,0 27 0,6,37 0,32,0 28 1,2,5,38 0,126,110,0 29 0,4,39 0,154,0 30 2,5,7,9,40 0,35,51,134,0 31 1,13,41 0,20,0 32 0,5,12,42 0,20,122,0 33 2,7,10,43 0,88,13,0 34 0,12,13,44 0,19,78,0 35 1,5,11,45 0,157,6,0 36 0,2,7,46 0,63,82,0 37 10,13,47 0,144,0 38 1,5,11,48 0,93,19,0 39 0,7,12,49 0,24,138,0 40 2,10,13,50 0,36,143,0 41 1,5,11,51 0,2,55,0