An anesthesia respiration device, wherein the anesthesia respiration device comprises: a fresh gas input for inputting a fresh gas; an internal loop circuit for storing a patient-exhaled gas and providing the fresh gas and the patient-exhaled gas to the patient; wherein the internal loop circuit comprises: - an expiratory branch for receiving the patient-exhaled gas through a patient interface; - a reflecting component for storing the patient-exhaled gas; - an inspiratory branch for transferring the fresh gas and the patient-exhaled gas that is stored in the reflecting component to the patient through the patient interface, wherein; the inspiratory branch is connected to the reflecting component and the fresh gas input; - an expiratory pressure control branch for controlling a pressure of the patient-exhaled gas, wherein the expiratory pressure control branch is connected to the reflecting component; and an external control branch for controlling the internal loop circuit; wherein the external control branch comprises a drive branch, wherein the drive branch comprises a pressurizing component for controlling transmission of the patient-exhaled gas in the internal loop circuit to the patient; and wherein the reflecting component is connected to the expiratory branch and the drive branch, and the fresh gas input and the external control branch are separately connected to the internal loop circuit; characterized in that the external control branch further comprises a pressure-controlled gas supply branch, connected to the expiratory pressure control branch, for providing a pressure-controlled gas, and controlling the expiratory pressure control branch to perform pressure control on the patient-exhaled gas. a fresh gas input for inputting a fresh gas; an internal loop circuit for storing a patient-exhaled gas and providing the fresh gas and the patient-exhaled gas to the patient; wherein the internal loop circuit comprises: - an expiratory branch for receiving the patient-exhaled gas through a patient interface; - a reflecting component for storing the patient-exhaled gas; - an inspiratory branch for transferring the fresh gas and the patient-exhaled gas that is stored in the reflecting component to the patient through the patient interface, wherein; the inspiratory branch is connected to the reflecting component and the fresh gas input; - an expiratory pressure control branch for controlling a pressure of the patient-exhaled gas, wherein the expiratory pressure control branch is connected to the reflecting component; and - an expiratory branch for receiving the patient-exhaled gas through a patient interface; - a reflecting component for storing the patient-exhaled gas; - an inspiratory branch for transferring the fresh gas and the patient-exhaled gas that is stored in the reflecting component to the patient through the patient interface, wherein; the inspiratory branch is connected to the reflecting component and the fresh gas input; - an expiratory pressure control branch for controlling a pressure of the patient-exhaled gas, wherein the expiratory pressure control branch is connected to the reflecting component; and an external control branch for controlling the internal loop circuit; wherein the external control branch comprises a drive branch, wherein the drive branch comprises a pressurizing component for controlling transmission of the patient-exhaled gas in the internal loop circuit to the patient; and wherein the reflecting component is connected to the expiratory branch and the drive branch, and the fresh gas input and the external control branch are separately connected to the internal loop circuit; characterized in that the external control branch further comprises a pressure-controlled gas supply branch, connected to the expiratory pressure control branch, for providing a pressure-controlled gas, and controlling the expiratory pressure control branch to perform pressure control on the patient-exhaled gas.