A fiber recognition instrument, comprising: a signal receiving module, configured to receive optical signals; a signal processing module, configured to analyze and process the optical signals received by the signal receiving module, recover information carried in the optical signals, and, according to the recovered information, implement identification for a fiber to be recognized; wherein a data frame, which corresponds to the optical signals, is generated according to a sine signal combination coding scheme, wherein the data frame includes the identification information of the fiber to be recognized; the signal processing module, configured to perform a correlation operation for a frame header reference signal of the data frame with an original sequence obtained from the optical signals to determine a start position of the frame header, perform a cyclic shift for the original sequence, and shift the frame header to the start position of the original sequence; wherein the signal processing module comprises: a first calculating unit, configured to analyze and process the original sequence corresponding to the received optical signals, and determine the start position of the original sequence; a second calculating unit, configured to recover information carried in the original sequence whose start position is determined; and a judging unit, configured to judge whether the recovered identification information is the same as the identification information of the fiber to be recognized, and, if yes, determine that a fiber that transmits the optical signal is the fiber to be recognized. a signal receiving module, configured to receive optical signals; a signal processing module, configured to analyze and process the optical signals received by the signal receiving module, recover information carried in the optical signals, and, according to the recovered information, implement identification for a fiber to be recognized; wherein a data frame, which corresponds to the optical signals, is generated according to a sine signal combination coding scheme, wherein the data frame includes the identification information of the fiber to be recognized; the signal processing module, configured to perform a correlation operation for a frame header reference signal of the data frame with an original sequence obtained from the optical signals to determine a start position of the frame header, perform a cyclic shift for the original sequence, and shift the frame header to the start position of the original sequence; wherein the signal processing module comprises: a first calculating unit, configured to analyze and process the original sequence corresponding to the received optical signals, and determine the start position of the original sequence; a second calculating unit, configured to recover information carried in the original sequence whose start position is determined; and a judging unit, configured to judge whether the recovered identification information is the same as the identification information of the fiber to be recognized, and, if yes, determine that a fiber that transmits the optical signal is the fiber to be recognized. a first calculating unit, configured to analyze and process the original sequence corresponding to the received optical signals, and determine the start position of the original sequence; a second calculating unit, configured to recover information carried in the original sequence whose start position is determined; and a judging unit, configured to judge whether the recovered identification information is the same as the identification information of the fiber to be recognized, and, if yes, determine that a fiber that transmits the optical signal is the fiber to be recognized.