A tapered roller bearing comprising: an outer ring including an outer ring raceway surface on an inner circumferential surface, an inner ring including an inner ring raceway surface on an outer circumferential surface, a plurality of tapered rollers rotatably provided between the outer ring raceway surface and the inner ring raceway surface, and a holder for holding the plurality of tapered rollers at substantially equal intervals in a circumferential direction, wherein the holder includes a large-diameter-side annular part, a small-diameter-side annular part coaxially arranged with the large-diameter-side annular part, a plurality of column parts provided at substantially equal intervals in a circumferential direction and axially connecting the large-diameter-side annular part and the small-diameter-side annular part, and a pocket formed between the column parts adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction to hold the tapered roller to be capable of rolling, the holder is made of resin, includes a first gap between the axially inner end surface of the small-diameter-side annular part and the small-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, includes a second gap between the axially inner end surface of the large-diameter-side annular part and the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, and is movable within a predetermined range along the axial direction, the large-diameter-side annular part is provided with an oil retaining part retaining a lubricating oil, and when the holder is axially moved toward the small-diameter-side of the tapered roller, the oil retaining part comes into contact with the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, and when the holder is axially moved toward the large-diameter-side of the tapered roller, the oil retaining part is separated away from the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, characterized in that among surfaces of the large-diameter-side annular part, at least the axially inner end surface is rough, the oil retaining part includes at least one groove or a plurality of holes, the grooves or the holes having a fine shape being capable of retaining the lubricating oil by action of capillary force, and the oil retaining part supplies the lubricating oil stored therein to the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller by the action of the capillary force with the large-diameter-side end surface. an outer ring including an outer ring raceway surface on an inner circumferential surface, an inner ring including an inner ring raceway surface on an outer circumferential surface, a plurality of tapered rollers rotatably provided between the outer ring raceway surface and the inner ring raceway surface, and a holder for holding the plurality of tapered rollers at substantially equal intervals in a circumferential direction, wherein the holder includes a large-diameter-side annular part, a small-diameter-side annular part coaxially arranged with the large-diameter-side annular part, a plurality of column parts provided at substantially equal intervals in a circumferential direction and axially connecting the large-diameter-side annular part and the small-diameter-side annular part, and a pocket formed between the column parts adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction to hold the tapered roller to be capable of rolling, the holder is made of resin, includes a first gap between the axially inner end surface of the small-diameter-side annular part and the small-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, includes a second gap between the axially inner end surface of the large-diameter-side annular part and the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, and is movable within a predetermined range along the axial direction, the large-diameter-side annular part is provided with an oil retaining part retaining a lubricating oil, and when the holder is axially moved toward the small-diameter-side of the tapered roller, the oil retaining part comes into contact with the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, and when the holder is axially moved toward the large-diameter-side of the tapered roller, the oil retaining part is separated away from the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller, characterized in that among surfaces of the large-diameter-side annular part, at least the axially inner end surface is rough, the oil retaining part includes at least one groove or a plurality of holes, the grooves or the holes having a fine shape being capable of retaining the lubricating oil by action of capillary force, and the oil retaining part supplies the lubricating oil stored therein to the large-diameter-side end surface of the tapered roller by the action of the capillary force with the large-diameter-side end surface.