A dual-sided electrode pad assembly configured to be placed upon a patient's skin, the dual-sided electrode pad assembly comprising: an upper conductive gel layer; a middle conductive layer; and a lower conductive gel layer; wherein the middle conductive layer is disposed between the upper and lower conductive gel layers; characterized in that: the upper conductive gel layer has a volume resistivity greater than 100 ohm-cm; the middle conductive layer has a surface resistivity less than 10 ohms; the lower conductive gel layer having a volume resistivity greater than 100 ohm-cm; and further that: a) the upper conductive gel layer is smaller in surface area in comparison to the middle conductive layer allowing a perimeter edge of the middle conductive layer to be disposed past an edge of the upper conductive gel layer; or b) the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer generally have the same size of surface area, and wherein the lower conductive gel layer is larger in surface area in comparison to the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer allowing a perimeter edge of the lower conductive gel layer to be disposed past an edge of the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer; or c) the middle conductive layer is smaller in surface area in comparison to the upper and lower conductive gel layers allowing a perimeter edge of the upper and lower conductive gel layers to be disposed past a perimeter edge of the middle conductive layer. an upper conductive gel layer; a middle conductive layer; and a lower conductive gel layer; wherein the middle conductive layer is disposed between the upper and lower conductive gel layers; the upper conductive gel layer has a volume resistivity greater than 100 ohm-cm; the middle conductive layer has a surface resistivity less than 10 ohms; the lower conductive gel layer having a volume resistivity greater than 100 ohm-cm; and further that: a) the upper conductive gel layer is smaller in surface area in comparison to the middle conductive layer allowing a perimeter edge of the middle conductive layer to be disposed past an edge of the upper conductive gel layer; or b) the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer generally have the same size of surface area, and wherein the lower conductive gel layer is larger in surface area in comparison to the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer allowing a perimeter edge of the lower conductive gel layer to be disposed past an edge of the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer; or c) the middle conductive layer is smaller in surface area in comparison to the upper and lower conductive gel layers allowing a perimeter edge of the upper and lower conductive gel layers to be disposed past a perimeter edge of the middle conductive layer. a) the upper conductive gel layer is smaller in surface area in comparison to the middle conductive layer allowing a perimeter edge of the middle conductive layer to be disposed past an edge of the upper conductive gel layer; or b) the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer generally have the same size of surface area, and wherein the lower conductive gel layer is larger in surface area in comparison to the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer allowing a perimeter edge of the lower conductive gel layer to be disposed past an edge of the upper conductive gel layer and the middle conductive layer; or c) the middle conductive layer is smaller in surface area in comparison to the upper and lower conductive gel layers allowing a perimeter edge of the upper and lower conductive gel layers to be disposed past a perimeter edge of the middle conductive layer.