A coding method of polar codes, comprising: determining a target quantity of segments of a sequence to be coded according to a length of the sequence to be coded and a transmission code rate; performing segmentation on the sequence to be coded according to the target quantity; coding each sub-sequence obtained after segmentation, and concatenating sub-sequences after coding; wherein said determining a target quantity of segments of a sequence to be coded according to a length of the sequence to be coded and a transmission code rate, comprises: determining the target quantity of segments of the sequence to be coded according to the length of the sequence to be coded, the transmission code rate and a preset first function; characterized in that the preset first function comprises: an integer of N = a1*K/g, wherein the g is a linear function or a nonlinear function, al is a first scaling factor, K is the length of the sequence to be coded, R is the transmission code rate, and N is the target quantity; wherein when the g is a linear function, the g = c1*R + b1, wherein c1 is a maximum bit length to be coded, and b1 is a preset first offset value; or when the g is a nonlinear function, the g = c2*(A i *R i + A i-1 R i-1 +...... + A 1 R) + b2, wherein c2 is a maximum bit length to be coded, b2 is a preset second offset value, i is a preset constant not less than 2, Ai-A1 are preset constants, and at least one Ai is not zero. determining a target quantity of segments of a sequence to be coded according to a length of the sequence to be coded and a transmission code rate; performing segmentation on the sequence to be coded according to the target quantity; coding each sub-sequence obtained after segmentation, and concatenating sub-sequences after coding; wherein said determining a target quantity of segments of a sequence to be coded according to a length of the sequence to be coded and a transmission code rate, comprises: determining the target quantity of segments of the sequence to be coded according to the length of the sequence to be coded, the transmission code rate and a preset first function; characterized in that the preset first function comprises: an integer of N = a1*K/g, wherein the g is a linear function or a nonlinear function, al is a first scaling factor, K is the length of the sequence to be coded, R is the transmission code rate, and N is the target quantity; wherein when the g is a linear function, the g = c1*R + b1, wherein c1 is a maximum bit length to be coded, and b1 is a preset first offset value; or when the g is a nonlinear function, the g = c2*(A i *R i + A i-1 R i-1 +...... + A 1 R) + b2, wherein c2 is a maximum bit length to be coded, b2 is a preset second offset value, i is a preset constant not less than 2, Ai-A1 are preset constants, and at least one Ai is not zero. determining the target quantity of segments of the sequence to be coded according to the length of the sequence to be coded, the transmission code rate and a preset first function; characterized in that the preset first function comprises: an integer of N = a1*K/g, wherein the g is a linear function or a nonlinear function, al is a first scaling factor, K is the length of the sequence to be coded, R is the transmission code rate, and N is the target quantity; wherein when the g is a linear function, the g = c1*R + b1, wherein c1 is a maximum bit length to be coded, and b1 is a preset first offset value; or when the g is a nonlinear function, the g = c2*(A i *R i + A i-1 R i-1 +...... + A 1 R) + b2, wherein c2 is a maximum bit length to be coded, b2 is a preset second offset value, i is a preset constant not less than 2, Ai-A1 are preset constants, and at least one Ai is not zero. wherein when the g is a linear function, the g = c1*R + b1, wherein c1 is a maximum bit length to be coded, and b1 is a preset first offset value; or when the g is a nonlinear function, the g = c2*(A i *R i + A i-1 R i-1 +...... + A 1 R) + b2, wherein c2 is a maximum bit length to be coded, b2 is a preset second offset value, i is a preset constant not less than 2, Ai-A1 are preset constants, and at least one Ai is not zero.