A single-chip high-magnetic-field X-axis linear magnetoresistive sensor with a calibration and an initialization coil, comprising: a high magnetic field single-chip referenced bridge X-axis magnetoresistive sensor comprising: reference magnetoresistive sensor unit strings (4, 41) and sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit strings (5, 51) alternately arranged above a substrate, and elongated soft ferromagnetic flux guides comprising shielding devices and attenuators, wherein the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string are respectively located at positions of Y-axis center lines on surfaces of the shielding devices and the attenuators respectively, the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string are electrically connected to form a referenced bridge structure, and the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string both comprise multiple magnetoresistive units having a sensing direction is an X-axis direction; characterized by a planar calibration coil that comprises reference unit straight wires and sensing unit straight wires which are parallel and connected in series and respectively correspond to the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string, and the reference unit straight wires and the sensing unit straight wires generate a reference unit calibration magnetic field and a sensing unit calibration magnetic field respectively along the sensing directions of the magnetoresistive sensor units at the positions of the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit strings and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit strings; and an initialization coil comprising multiple initialization straight wires perpendicular to the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string, and for generating the same initialization magnetic field along a direction perpendicular to the sensing directions at the locations of all the magnetoresistive sensor unit strings. a high magnetic field single-chip referenced bridge X-axis magnetoresistive sensor comprising: reference magnetoresistive sensor unit strings (4, 41) and sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit strings (5, 51) alternately arranged above a substrate, and elongated soft ferromagnetic flux guides comprising shielding devices and attenuators, wherein the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string are respectively located at positions of Y-axis center lines on surfaces of the shielding devices and the attenuators respectively, the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string are electrically connected to form a referenced bridge structure, and the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string both comprise multiple magnetoresistive units having a sensing direction is an X-axis direction; characterized by reference magnetoresistive sensor unit strings (4, 41) and sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit strings (5, 51) alternately arranged above a substrate, and elongated soft ferromagnetic flux guides comprising shielding devices and attenuators, wherein the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string are respectively located at positions of Y-axis center lines on surfaces of the shielding devices and the attenuators respectively, the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string are electrically connected to form a referenced bridge structure, and the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string both comprise multiple magnetoresistive units having a sensing direction is an X-axis direction; characterized by a planar calibration coil that comprises reference unit straight wires and sensing unit straight wires which are parallel and connected in series and respectively correspond to the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string, and the reference unit straight wires and the sensing unit straight wires generate a reference unit calibration magnetic field and a sensing unit calibration magnetic field respectively along the sensing directions of the magnetoresistive sensor units at the positions of the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit strings and the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit strings; and an initialization coil comprising multiple initialization straight wires perpendicular to the sensing magnetoresistive sensor unit string and the reference magnetoresistive sensor unit string, and for generating the same initialization magnetic field along a direction perpendicular to the sensing directions at the locations of all the magnetoresistive sensor unit strings.