A multi-agent load regulating and controlling method based on edge computing, characterized by comprising the following steps: step 1: dividing the power grid in a region into regional power grids which are connected mutually according to electric power nodes near a transformer substation by using the transformer substation as a center, and building electric power node data models within the regional power grids without considering network losses in the region, wherein the electric power nodes are various electric equipment and generation equipment, the built electric power node data models within the regional power grids comprise the thermal power generation data model, the wind power generation mathematical model, the photovoltaic system generation mathematical model and the flexible load mathematical model; step 2: assuming that a physical tie-line exists between every two regional power grids, at the time, setting admittance of the tie-line, considering coupling relationship between the regional power grids, building the perception model based on edge computing, intelligently perceiving the voltage and the phase angle of two ends of the tie-line; computing line loss between the regional power grids, superimposing generation power and consumption power in the regional power grids to obtain net active power of the regional power grids; and at the same time, computing the line loss of the regional power grids in a certain range to enable the net active power of the regional power grids to reach power balance; step 3: regarding a single regional power grid as an agent, assuming that the maximum economic benefit scheme in the regional power grids only considers thermal power generation cost and demand response cost, to set the object function of the regional power grid; deducing the optimal object function of economic benefits of interval power grids according to the object function of the regional power grids, and setting relevant equality constraints and inequality constraints; step 4: extracting economic benefit terms and electric power balance terms as objects according to the economic benefit optimal object function of the interval power grids, setting coupling of port voltages and phase angles between regions as constraint terms; converting the economy optimization and load regulation problem of the interval power grids into the problem of balancing and coupling of whole economic benefits of the distributed regional power grids and power between regions; setting an augmented Lagrange matrix, converting the object function and constraints into a twice differentiable strong convex function, and solving the function by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to achieve regulation and control of load of the power grid system. step 1: dividing the power grid in a region into regional power grids which are connected mutually according to electric power nodes near a transformer substation by using the transformer substation as a center, and building electric power node data models within the regional power grids without considering network losses in the region, wherein the electric power nodes are various electric equipment and generation equipment, the built electric power node data models within the regional power grids comprise the thermal power generation data model, the wind power generation mathematical model, the photovoltaic system generation mathematical model and the flexible load mathematical model; step 2: assuming that a physical tie-line exists between every two regional power grids, at the time, setting admittance of the tie-line, considering coupling relationship between the regional power grids, building the perception model based on edge computing, intelligently perceiving the voltage and the phase angle of two ends of the tie-line; computing line loss between the regional power grids, superimposing generation power and consumption power in the regional power grids to obtain net active power of the regional power grids; and at the same time, computing the line loss of the regional power grids in a certain range to enable the net active power of the regional power grids to reach power balance; step 3: regarding a single regional power grid as an agent, assuming that the maximum economic benefit scheme in the regional power grids only considers thermal power generation cost and demand response cost, to set the object function of the regional power grid; deducing the optimal object function of economic benefits of interval power grids according to the object function of the regional power grids, and setting relevant equality constraints and inequality constraints; step 4: extracting economic benefit terms and electric power balance terms as objects according to the economic benefit optimal object function of the interval power grids, setting coupling of port voltages and phase angles between regions as constraint terms; converting the economy optimization and load regulation problem of the interval power grids into the problem of balancing and coupling of whole economic benefits of the distributed regional power grids and power between regions; setting an augmented Lagrange matrix, converting the object function and constraints into a twice differentiable strong convex function, and solving the function by using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm to achieve regulation and control of load of the power grid system.