A communication method of a transmitter using a preamble in a wireless communication system, the communication method comprising: determining at least two subcarriers from among a plurality of subcarriers, for the preamble; selecting a subcarrier sequence and a subcarrier phase value corresponding to the at least two subcarriers; and transmitting the preamble using the at least two subcarriers, wherein the preamble comprises a real component having a first repeated pattern in a preset time interval, and an imaginary component having a second repeated pattern in the preset time interval, and wherein a relationship between the first repeated pattern and the second repeated pattern indicates characteristic information of the wireless communication system, wherein the characteristic information includes information on a transmission mode currently used in the wireless communication system, wherein the subcarrier sequence and the subcarrier phase value are mapped to the at least two subcarriers, using a subcarrier sequence set comprising 1 and -1, and using a subcarrier phase value set comprising 1, -1, j, and -j, based on the relationship between the first repeated pattern and the second repeated pattern, and wherein the preamble is represented by the following equations: P n = ∑ k = 0 k ∈ R N − 1 J k ⋅ S k ⋅ e j 2 ⁢ π n N k or P n = ∑ k = − N / 2 k ∈ R N / 2 − 1 J k ⋅ S k ⋅ e j 2 ⁢ π n N k, wherein P(n) denotes an n-th sample of a preamble in a time domain, and S k, as a subcarrier sequence mapped to a k-th subcarrier, denotes an element of a subcarrier sequence set including -1 and 1, and J k, as a subcarrier phase value, denotes an element of a subcarrier phase value set including 1, -1, j, and -j, and N denotes a size of FFT, and R denotes a set of subcarriers used in generating of a preamble. determining at least two subcarriers from among a plurality of subcarriers, for the preamble; selecting a subcarrier sequence and a subcarrier phase value corresponding to the at least two subcarriers; and transmitting the preamble using the at least two subcarriers, wherein the preamble comprises a real component having a first repeated pattern in a preset time interval, and an imaginary component having a second repeated pattern in the preset time interval, and wherein a relationship between the first repeated pattern and the second repeated pattern indicates characteristic information of the wireless communication system, wherein the characteristic information includes information on a transmission mode currently used in the wireless communication system, wherein the subcarrier sequence and the subcarrier phase value are mapped to the at least two subcarriers, using a subcarrier sequence set comprising 1 and -1, and using a subcarrier phase value set comprising 1, -1, j, and -j, based on the relationship between the first repeated pattern and the second repeated pattern, and wherein the preamble is represented by the following equations: P n = ∑ k = 0 k ∈ R N − 1 J k ⋅ S k ⋅ e j 2 ⁢ π n N k or P n = ∑ k = − N / 2 k ∈ R N / 2 − 1 J k ⋅ S k ⋅ e j 2 ⁢ π n N k, wherein P(n) denotes an n-th sample of a preamble in a time domain, and S k, as a subcarrier sequence mapped to a k-th subcarrier, denotes an element of a subcarrier sequence set including -1 and 1, and J k, as a subcarrier phase value, denotes an element of a subcarrier phase value set including 1, -1, j, and -j, and N denotes a size of FFT, and R denotes a set of subcarriers used in generating of a preamble.