A medical data processing method of matching a medical image of an anatomical structure of a patient's body with an atlas-based representation of the anatomical structure, the method being constituted to be executed by a computer and comprising the following steps: a) acquiring (B1; S1) patient image data describing a medical image representation of the anatomical structure in the medical image; b) determining (B2; S2), based on the patient image data, patient substructure data describing a plurality of patient substructure representations each describing a different patient substructure of the anatomical structure; c) acquiring (B3, B5; S3; S35) general substructure data describing a general substructure representation of each of a plurality of general substructures for each of the patient substructures; d) determining (B4; S3), for each of the patient substructures and based on the patient substructure data and the general substructure data, substructure matching data describing a matching general substructure representation which matches the respective patient substructure representation; e) determining (B4; S4; S34), based on the general substructure data and the substructure matching data, anatomical structure atlas data describing an atlas representation of the anatomical structure; f) determining (B6; S5; S35), based on the patient image data and the anatomical structure atlas data, matching transformation data describing an atlas-patient matching transformation between the medical image representation of the anatomical structure and the atlas representation of the anatomical structure, wherein the general substructure data is acquired (B3, B5; S3) based on • determining, from a plurality of medical images, a corresponding plurality of individual substructure representations, • determining, from the plurality of individual substructure representations, a similarity group comprising similar individual substructure representations which share a similar feature, and • determining, based on the similarity group, the general substructure representation by combining the similar individual substructure representations. a) acquiring (B1; S1) patient image data describing a medical image representation of the anatomical structure in the medical image; b) determining (B2; S2), based on the patient image data, patient substructure data describing a plurality of patient substructure representations each describing a different patient substructure of the anatomical structure; c) acquiring (B3, B5; S3; S35) general substructure data describing a general substructure representation of each of a plurality of general substructures for each of the patient substructures; d) determining (B4; S3), for each of the patient substructures and based on the patient substructure data and the general substructure data, substructure matching data describing a matching general substructure representation which matches the respective patient substructure representation; e) determining (B4; S4; S34), based on the general substructure data and the substructure matching data, anatomical structure atlas data describing an atlas representation of the anatomical structure; f) determining (B6; S5; S35), based on the patient image data and the anatomical structure atlas data, matching transformation data describing an atlas-patient matching transformation between the medical image representation of the anatomical structure and the atlas representation of the anatomical structure, wherein • determining, from a plurality of medical images, a corresponding plurality of individual substructure representations, • determining, from the plurality of individual substructure representations, a similarity group comprising similar individual substructure representations which share a similar feature, and • determining, based on the similarity group, the general substructure representation by combining the similar individual substructure representations.