A polar coding method, comprising: encoding a to-be-encoded sequence based on preset parameters, to obtain an encoded sequence, wherein the parameters comprise a quantity of check bits, positions of the check bits, and a check equation, a length of the to-be-encoded sequence is K, and K is an integer greater than 0, the check bits comprises cyclic redundancy check bits and/or parity check bits; and sending the encoded sequence; wherein the method is characterized in that: the quantity of the check bits is J, and J ≥ log 2 ( T / FAR), wherein T is a maximum quantity of checks that are allowed to be performed by using a check bit, and FAR is a maximum false alarm rate of a single check performed by using a check bit; or the quantity of the check bits is J, and J = J + ΔJ = J + log 2 T, wherein J is a quantity of check bits that need to be used in a single check, J is a quantity of check bits that need to be used in T checks, and T is a maximum quantity of checks that are allowed to be performed by using a check bit; wherein: if at least eight CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 16 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 24 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 32 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: encoding a to-be-encoded sequence based on preset parameters, to obtain an encoded sequence, wherein the parameters comprise a quantity of check bits, positions of the check bits, and a check equation, a length of the to-be-encoded sequence is K, and K is an integer greater than 0, the check bits comprises cyclic redundancy check bits and/or parity check bits; and sending the encoded sequence; wherein the method is characterized in that: the quantity of the check bits is J, and J ≥ log 2 ( T / FAR), wherein T is a maximum quantity of checks that are allowed to be performed by using a check bit, and FAR is a maximum false alarm rate of a single check performed by using a check bit; or the quantity of the check bits is J, and J = J + ΔJ = J + log 2 T, wherein J is a quantity of check bits that need to be used in a single check, J is a quantity of check bits that need to be used in T checks, and T is a maximum quantity of checks that are allowed to be performed by using a check bit; wherein: if at least eight CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 16 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 24 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 32 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: the quantity of the check bits is J, and J ≥ log 2 ( T / FAR), wherein T is a maximum quantity of checks that are allowed to be performed by using a check bit, and FAR is a maximum false alarm rate of a single check performed by using a check bit; or the quantity of the check bits is J, and J = J + ΔJ = J + log 2 T, wherein J is a quantity of check bits that need to be used in a single check, J is a quantity of check bits that need to be used in T checks, and T is a maximum quantity of checks that are allowed to be performed by using a check bit; wherein: if at least eight CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 16 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 24 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 32 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: if at least eight CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 16 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 24 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: or, if at least 32 CRC bits are required in a single check, values of J and T are taken with any combination in the following table: