A satellite-formation-based remote sensing system, comprising: a master satellite provided with an imaging and sensing device, and a synchronizing device as payloads thereof, a first concomitant satellite, and a second concomitant satellite, wherein the first concomitant satellite and the second concomitant satellite fly around the master satellite, and the master satellite is located on major axes of elliptic motion trajectories of the first concomitant satellite and the second concomitant satellite, so as to define a first spatial baseline and a second spatial baseline that have an identical cross-track baseline component; wherein the imaging and sensing device acquires spatiotemporal features of variation of a ground region according to the first spatial baseline and the second spatial baseline formed by the synchronizing device in time series based on synchronization in terms of time, frequency, and space; wherein a third concomitant satellite that is located outside the motion trajectories of the first concomitant satellite and the second concomitant satellite to fly with the master satellite in a tandem formation, and is provided with an imaging and sensing device and a synchronizing device as payloads thereof, wherein the third concomitant satellite is located on an orbit adjacent to the master satellite, so that the third concomitant satellite defines an along-track baseline and a cross-track baseline with respect to the master satellite, wherein the imaging and sensing device performs interferometric baseline processing based on the first spatial baseline and the second spatial baseline as well as the cross-track baseline and the along-track baseline, so as to obtain terrain elevation information and moving target velocity information while performing, imaging. a master satellite provided with an imaging and sensing device, and a synchronizing device as payloads thereof, a first concomitant satellite, and a second concomitant satellite, wherein the first concomitant satellite and the second concomitant satellite fly around the master satellite, and the master satellite is located on major axes of elliptic motion trajectories of the first concomitant satellite and the second concomitant satellite, so as to define a first spatial baseline and a second spatial baseline that have an identical cross-track baseline component; wherein the imaging and sensing device acquires spatiotemporal features of variation of a ground region according to the first spatial baseline and the second spatial baseline formed by the synchronizing device in time series based on synchronization in terms of time, frequency, and space; wherein a third concomitant satellite that is located outside the motion trajectories of the first concomitant satellite and the second concomitant satellite to fly with the master satellite in a tandem formation, and is provided with an imaging and sensing device and a synchronizing device as payloads thereof, wherein the third concomitant satellite is located on an orbit adjacent to the master satellite, so that the third concomitant satellite defines an along-track baseline and a cross-track baseline with respect to the master satellite, wherein the imaging and sensing device performs interferometric baseline processing based on the first spatial baseline and the second spatial baseline as well as the cross-track baseline and the along-track baseline, so as to obtain terrain elevation information and moving target velocity information while performing, imaging.