mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
A method for producing a cyclic ether represented by the following formula, where a 2-hydroxy cyclic ether, represented by the following formula, is reacted with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst includes an element from groups 8 to 10 of the periodic table, the pH of the reaction mixture is not more than 7, and the reaction is carried out while at least one acid selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, a heteropoly acid, sodium hydrogensulfate, toluenesulfonic acid and a peracid, or a salt thereof, or activated earth, exists in the reaction mixture: wherein n is an integer in the range of 1 to 7, and R 1 to R 5 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, and when R 4 and R 5 exist plurally, they may differ from each other; wherein the symbols have the above-defined meanings.
Method for detecting particles in an exhaust gas stream of a vehicle, which exhaust gas stream is guided along a duct, using a particle sensor that comprises at least two electrodes (110, 120) that are arranged in the duct, wherein the method comprises the following steps: sequentially apply a first voltage and a second voltage, differing from the first voltage, to the at least two electrodes in order to produce a first electric field and a second electric field between the at least two electrodes; determine a first capacitance value that corresponds to the first electrical field and a second capacitance value that corresponds to the second electrical field of a capacitor that is embodied by the at least two electrodes; and ascertain from the first capacitance value and the second capacitance value information regarding the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream, comprising a step of comparing the first capacitance value with a first reference value and of comparing the second capacitance value with a second reference value in order to ascertain information regarding the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream, wherein in the step of comparing the first capacitance value with a first reference value information regarding a quantity of the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream is ascertained, wherein in the step of comparing the second capacitance value with the second reference value information regarding a size of the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream is ascertained, wherein in the case of which in the step of sequentially applying a voltage a direct current voltage is applied as a first voltage and an alternating current voltage is applied as a second voltage. sequentially apply a first voltage and a second voltage, differing from the first voltage, to the at least two electrodes in order to produce a first electric field and a second electric field between the at least two electrodes; determine a first capacitance value that corresponds to the first electrical field and a second capacitance value that corresponds to the second electrical field of a capacitor that is embodied by the at least two electrodes; and ascertain from the first capacitance value and the second capacitance value information regarding the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream, comprising a step of comparing the first capacitance value with a first reference value and of comparing the second capacitance value with a second reference value in order to ascertain information regarding the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream, wherein in the step of comparing the first capacitance value with a first reference value information regarding a quantity of the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream is ascertained, wherein in the step of comparing the second capacitance value with the second reference value information regarding a size of the particles contained in the exhaust gas stream is ascertained, wherein in the case of which in the step of sequentially applying a voltage a direct current voltage is applied as a first voltage and an alternating current voltage is applied as a second voltage.
A method for controlling vehicle-to-vehicle communication, the method comprising: a vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') connecting to a first cell of a cellular network, wherein the cells of the cellular network are organized in regions and wherein said first cell is a cell of a first region to which the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') first connects when entering the first region; the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') receiving channel information from the cellular network, the channel information (41, 42) indicating resources which are allocated to the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') for sending of vehicle-to-vehicle communication messages, wherein the same channel information is applicable for cells of the first region; the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') continuing to utilize the channel information (41, 42) in the cells of the first region; and in accordance with the received channel information (41, 42), the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') controlling transmission of vehicle-to-vehicle communication messages. a vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') connecting to a first cell of a cellular network, wherein the cells of the cellular network are organized in regions and wherein said first cell is a cell of a first region to which the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') first connects when entering the first region; the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') receiving channel information from the cellular network, the channel information (41, 42) indicating resources which are allocated to the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') for sending of vehicle-to-vehicle communication messages, wherein the same channel information is applicable for cells of the first region; the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') continuing to utilize the channel information (41, 42) in the cells of the first region; and in accordance with the received channel information (41, 42), the vehicle-to-vehicle communication device (100, 100') controlling transmission of vehicle-to-vehicle communication messages.
An assembly of two structural parts (4, 8) of a wind turbine wherein the structural parts are to be connected in a flange-to-flange connection, the assembly further comprising a wind turbine installation system for guiding the two structural parts (4, 8) of a wind turbine during installation, the system comprising: a guide system for guiding the engagement of the first structural part to the second structural part, the guide system comprising: a guide post coupled to the first structural part; a guide receiver coupled to the second structural part and configured to receive the guide post therein; and a shock absorber arranged to dampen shock loads from the engagement of the guide post with the guide receiver; wherein the guide system includes locking means configured to lock the guide post to the guide receiver when installed therein; wherein the locking means includes one or more deployable locking members that are engageable with a respective one or more sockets; and wherein the one or more deployable locking members are provided as part of the guide post, and the one or more sockets are provided as part of the guide receiver. a guide post coupled to the first structural part; a guide receiver coupled to the second structural part and configured to receive the guide post therein; and a shock absorber arranged to dampen shock loads from the engagement of the guide post with the guide receiver; wherein the guide system includes locking means configured to lock the guide post to the guide receiver when installed therein; wherein the locking means includes one or more deployable locking members that are engageable with a respective one or more sockets; and wherein the one or more deployable locking members are provided as part of the guide post, and the one or more sockets are provided as part of the guide receiver.
Method for producing a pack, in particular a sheet-material pack with a blister-like accommodating space, comprising the following steps: overlapping at least two sheet-material elements, forming at least one accommodating space, by means of which at least one article which is to be packaged is accommodated between the overlapping sheet-material elements, by virtue of the two sheet-material elements being formed by means of thermal transfer, and connecting the at least two sheet-material elements along a peripheral region, which runs at least to some extent at least around the accommodating space, by means of at least one sealing weld or sealing seam, in order to seal the accommodating space, wherein along the welded peripheral region, projecting from said accommodating space, the two sheet-material elements are free of interspaces, wherein in that opening means are provided to allow simplified access to the accommodating space, as are retaining means for retaining the packaged article at least when the pack is open, wherein the opening means provided are in the form of a peel-off unit, wherein the peel-off unit comprises two parts which create a tear-open flap and are formed by means of the two sheet-material elements projecting from the accommodating space, characterized in that the tear-open flaps, or the two parts forming the tear-open flap, are designed to be asymmetrical and non-congruent, and in that the sealing seam is interrupted at one location, wherein the interrupted location is closed by a reinforced sealing seam, and so said region functions as a joint when the pack is being swung open. overlapping at least two sheet-material elements, forming at least one accommodating space, by means of which at least one article which is to be packaged is accommodated between the overlapping sheet-material elements, by virtue of the two sheet-material elements being formed by means of thermal transfer, and connecting the at least two sheet-material elements along a peripheral region, which runs at least to some extent at least around the accommodating space, by means of at least one sealing weld or sealing seam, in order to seal the accommodating space, wherein along the welded peripheral region, projecting from said accommodating space, the two sheet-material elements are free of interspaces, wherein in that opening means are provided to allow simplified access to the accommodating space, as are retaining means for retaining the packaged article at least when the pack is open, wherein the opening means provided are in the form of a peel-off unit, wherein the peel-off unit comprises two parts which create a tear-open flap and are formed by means of the two sheet-material elements projecting from the accommodating space, characterized in that the tear-open flaps, or the two parts forming the tear-open flap, are designed to be asymmetrical and non-congruent, and in that the sealing seam is interrupted at one location, wherein the interrupted location is closed by a reinforced sealing seam, and so said region functions as a joint when the pack is being swung open.
A fastening system for the releasable fastening of cables, pipes or other elongate objects to a substrate or structural component, said fastening system comprising: a base (10, 10', 10") which can be fixed to the substrate or structural component and which is provided with a support for the at least one object; and a hook-and-pile fastening strip which can be releasably attached to the base (10, 10', 10") and can be looped around the object or objects resting on the support, characterized in that the base (10, 10', 10") has at least one slot (15, 16; 15", 16") for one end (17.1) of the hook-and-pile fastening strip, said slot being provided with serrations (19, 20) in which the pile side of the hook-and-pile fastening strip catches when the hook-and-pile fastening strip is pulled, and in that the base (10, 10', 10") has a through channel (21, 21 ") for the hook-and-pile fastening strip, said through channel (21, 21 ") extending underneath the at least one slot (15, 16; 15", 16") and the second end (17.2) of the hook-and-pile fastening strip being guided through said through channel (21, 21").
An apparatus for detecting a latent defective cell in a battery pack, comprising: a voltage measurement unit, a current measurement unit and a temperature measurement unit to measure a voltage, a current and a temperature of first to N-th cells included in the battery pack during charging of the battery pack, respectively, and a control unit operably coupled to the voltage measurement unit, the current measurement unit and the temperature measurement unit, wherein the control unit is configured to, during the charging of the battery pack according to a charging profile having a plurality of charging ranges, for each of the first to N-th cells in each charging range, acquire first cell voltage time-series data through the voltage measurement unit in a former part of the charging range; determine predicted cell voltage time-series data in a latter part of the charging range by applying a deep learning model to the first cell voltage time-series data; acquire second cell voltage time-series data through the voltage measurement unit in the latter part of the charging range, and determine an error between the second cell voltage time-series data and the predicted cell voltage time-series data, and wherein the control unit is further configured to detect any cell having a larger error than other cells in at least one of the charging ranges as the latent defective cell. a voltage measurement unit, a current measurement unit and a temperature measurement unit to measure a voltage, a current and a temperature of first to N-th cells included in the battery pack during charging of the battery pack, respectively, and a control unit operably coupled to the voltage measurement unit, the current measurement unit and the temperature measurement unit, wherein the control unit is configured to, during the charging of the battery pack according to a charging profile having a plurality of charging ranges, for each of the first to N-th cells in each charging range, acquire first cell voltage time-series data through the voltage measurement unit in a former part of the charging range; determine predicted cell voltage time-series data in a latter part of the charging range by applying a deep learning model to the first cell voltage time-series data; acquire second cell voltage time-series data through the voltage measurement unit in the latter part of the charging range, and determine an error between the second cell voltage time-series data and the predicted cell voltage time-series data, and wherein the control unit is further configured to detect any cell having a larger error than other cells in at least one of the charging ranges as the latent defective cell.
A method of coating a cargo container, comprising the steps of: providing a cargo container or one or more components thereof, wherein the cargo container conforms to ISO R-668, and wherein at least a portion of an exposed surface of the cargo container or one or more components thereof includes stainless steel; applying at least a coating composition to form a top coating directly on at least the exposed stainless steel surface of the cargo container or one or more components thereof, wherein the coating composition comprises: an aqueous carrier; at least one film forming resin in admixture with the aqueous carrier, wherein at least one film forming resin is acid functional (or a salt or ester thereof) and is obtained from ingredients comprising (a) optionally, at least one aromatic reactant including pendant free radically polymerizable functionality; (b) at least one free radically polymerizable reactant having pendant acid functionality (or a salt or ester thereof); and (c) optionally at least one other copolymerizable reactant with free radically polymerizable functionality; and one or more pigments dispersed in the coating composition. providing a cargo container or one or more components thereof, wherein the cargo container conforms to ISO R-668, and wherein at least a portion of an exposed surface of the cargo container or one or more components thereof includes stainless steel; applying at least a coating composition to form a top coating directly on at least the exposed stainless steel surface of the cargo container or one or more components thereof, wherein the coating composition comprises: an aqueous carrier; at least one film forming resin in admixture with the aqueous carrier, wherein at least one film forming resin is acid functional (or a salt or ester thereof) and is obtained from ingredients comprising (a) optionally, at least one aromatic reactant including pendant free radically polymerizable functionality; (b) at least one free radically polymerizable reactant having pendant acid functionality (or a salt or ester thereof); and (c) optionally at least one other copolymerizable reactant with free radically polymerizable functionality; and one or more pigments dispersed in the coating composition. an aqueous carrier; at least one film forming resin in admixture with the aqueous carrier, wherein at least one film forming resin is acid functional (or a salt or ester thereof) and is obtained from ingredients comprising (a) optionally, at least one aromatic reactant including pendant free radically polymerizable functionality; (b) at least one free radically polymerizable reactant having pendant acid functionality (or a salt or ester thereof); and (c) optionally at least one other copolymerizable reactant with free radically polymerizable functionality; and one or more pigments dispersed in the coating composition.
A composite test coupon comprising: a plurality of plies (204, 206) including: first ply layers having first fibers and a substantially uniform matrix material associated with the first fibers, the first fibers oriented in a first direction; and second ply layers having second fibers and a pre-stressed matrix material associated with the second fibers, the second ply layers comprising outer ply layers, the second fibers oriented in a second direction that is different from the first direction, wherein the pre-stressed matrix material includes stress induced cracks between the second fibers of each of the second ply layers and along the second direction, wherein such cracks have been induced by a loading operation on the test coupon corresponding to a threshold load that is less than a failure load of the test coupon. first ply layers having first fibers and a substantially uniform matrix material associated with the first fibers, the first fibers oriented in a first direction; and second ply layers having second fibers and a pre-stressed matrix material associated with the second fibers, the second ply layers comprising outer ply layers, the second fibers oriented in a second direction that is different from the first direction, wherein the pre-stressed matrix material includes stress induced cracks between the second fibers of each of the second ply layers and along the second direction, wherein such cracks have been induced by a loading operation on the test coupon corresponding to a threshold load that is less than a failure load of the test coupon.
Method for operating a modular multilevel power converter, which has a number of power converter modules connected electrically in series for each phase, each of which has an energy store (C SM) comprising at least one capacitor for storing electrical energy, wherein in the event of a fault, an energy stored by at least one energy store (C SM) is influenced by an open-loop and/or closed-loop control of at least one load current (i L1 to i L3) of a phase of the multilevel power converter affected by the fault, wherein the fault is a load-side short-circuit, characterised in that in the event of a fault of a load-side short-circuit, a current form and/or a frequency spectrum of the load current (i L1 to i L3) are changed during an open-loop and/or closed-loop control of the load current, wherein the load current (i L1 to i L3) has a form i L 1 = I ^ L 1 1.07 sin ω 0 t + 3 4 sin 4 ω 0 t such that an energy fluctuation is produced in an energy store (C SM) by Δ W ≈ 2 N U d I ^ L 1 4 ω n wherein an effective value of the load current as Î L1, an intermediate circuit voltage as U d, a basic oscillation circuit frequency of the load voltage as ω 0, and a number of modules as N are disclosed in the cited equations for the load current and the energy fluctuation. wherein the fault is a load-side short-circuit, characterised in that in the event of a fault of a load-side short-circuit, a current form and/or a frequency spectrum of the load current (i L1 to i L3) are changed during an open-loop and/or closed-loop control of the load current, wherein the load current (i L1 to i L3) has a form i L 1 = I ^ L 1 1.07 sin ω 0 t + 3 4 sin 4 ω 0 t such that an energy fluctuation is produced in an energy store (C SM) by Δ W ≈ 2 N U d I ^ L 1 4 ω n wherein an effective value of the load current as Î L1, an intermediate circuit voltage as U d, a basic oscillation circuit frequency of the load voltage as ω 0, and a number of modules as N are disclosed in the cited equations for the load current and the energy fluctuation.
Procedure for operating a field device used in process automation engineering, wherein data are exchanged via a connection between the field device and an operating unit for the purpose of operating the field device, wherein the connection is established via a communication interface at the field device and a communication interface at the operating unit, wherein the field device and the operating unit are connected via a connection unit, wherein said connection unit is connected to the communication interface of the field device and the communication interface of the operating device, wherein the communication interface of the operating unit is a hardware communication interface, which is emulated by software as an Ethernet interface, wherein the connection unit comprises a data processing unit, which is connected to the communication interface of the field device via a first sub-connection of the connection unit and to the communication interface of the operating unit via a second sub-connection, wherein the data processing unit comprises a web server, and wherein data are transmitted to the operating unit by means of the web server, wherein the data processing unit has a replaceable memory unit, and wherein field device drivers and/or field device descriptions for operating the field device are preferably saved in the memory unit and used to operate the field device in that the field device drivers or field device descriptions which are saved on the memory unit are uploaded by the data processing unit and used for communication with the field device via the second sub-connection.