A parsing component, comprising m parsing units, wherein m is a positive integer; at least one parsing unit in the m parsing units comprises a fixed parsing module and a configurable parsing module; the fixed parsing module stores fixed protocol content, the configurable parsing module is configured to configure protocol content in the configurable parsing module based on obtained content configuration information, and each parsing module in the fixed parsing module and the configurable parsing module is configured to parse, based on the protocol content in the parsing module, a packet input into the parsing module; and a target parsing unit in the m parsing units is configured to separately parse, by using a fixed parsing module in the target parsing unit and a configurable parsing module in the target parsing unit, a packet input into the target parsing unit, wherein the target parsing unit is any parsing unit that is in the m parsing units and that comprises a fixed parsing module and a configurable parsing module; wherein a fixed parsing module in the m parsing units corresponds to n protocol layers, a fixed parsing module corresponding to each protocol layer stores fixed protocol content of the protocol layer, and n is a positive integer; and the configurable parsing module is configured to configure protocol content of a target protocol layer in the configurable parsing module based on obtained content configuration information of the target protocol layer, wherein the target protocol layer is one of the n protocol layers, or the target protocol layer is a protocol layer inserted into the n protocol layers; wherein the m parsing units are sequentially connected, the m parsing units each comprise a fixed parsing module, fixed parsing modules in the m parsing units form w fixed parsing groups, each fixed parsing group comprises n fixed parsing modules, and the n fixed parsing modules are in a one-to-one correspondence with the n protocol layers; and an i th fixed parsing module in the n fixed parsing modules stores fixed protocol content of an i th protocol layer in the n protocol layers, and an (i-1) th fixed parsing module in the n fixed parsing modules stores a fixed protocol type of the i th protocol layer, wherein the i th fixed parsing module corresponds to the i th protocol layer, 1<i≤n, and both w and i are positive integers. at least one parsing unit in the m parsing units comprises a fixed parsing module and a configurable parsing module; the fixed parsing module stores fixed protocol content, the configurable parsing module is configured to configure protocol content in the configurable parsing module based on obtained content configuration information, and each parsing module in the fixed parsing module and the configurable parsing module is configured to parse, based on the protocol content in the parsing module, a packet input into the parsing module; and a target parsing unit in the m parsing units is configured to separately parse, by using a fixed parsing module in the target parsing unit and a configurable parsing module in the target parsing unit, a packet input into the target parsing unit, wherein the target parsing unit is any parsing unit that is in the m parsing units and that comprises a fixed parsing module and a configurable parsing module; wherein a fixed parsing module in the m parsing units corresponds to n protocol layers, a fixed parsing module corresponding to each protocol layer stores fixed protocol content of the protocol layer, and n is a positive integer; and the configurable parsing module is configured to configure protocol content of a target protocol layer in the configurable parsing module based on obtained content configuration information of the target protocol layer, wherein the target protocol layer is one of the n protocol layers, or the target protocol layer is a protocol layer inserted into the n protocol layers; wherein the m parsing units are sequentially connected, the m parsing units each comprise a fixed parsing module, fixed parsing modules in the m parsing units form w fixed parsing groups, each fixed parsing group comprises n fixed parsing modules, and the n fixed parsing modules are in a one-to-one correspondence with the n protocol layers; and an i th fixed parsing module in the n fixed parsing modules stores fixed protocol content of an i th protocol layer in the n protocol layers, and an (i-1) th fixed parsing module in the n fixed parsing modules stores a fixed protocol type of the i th protocol layer, wherein the i th fixed parsing module corresponds to the i th protocol layer, 1<i≤n, and both w and i are positive integers.