A method of coding a current frame picture having a current macroblock which is a frame macroblock or a field macroblock, the method comprising: obtaining a reference frame picture list including multiple reference frame pictures; determining a reference frame picture index of the multiple reference frame pictures in the reference frame picture list based on display order information for the multiple reference frame pictures, reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a reverse order to reference frame pictures whose display order is lower than a display order of the current frame picture and remaining reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a display order to reference frame pictures whose display order is higher than the display order of the current frame picture; and reordering the reference frame picture index allocated to each reference frame picture in the reference frame picture list; characterized by obtaining reference frame picture index information that is same with the reordered reference frame picture index, when the current macroblock is a frame macroblock; obtaining reference field picture index information by alternately allocating the reference field picture index information that is increased by one to reference field pictures, starting from a reference field picture having a parity equal to a parity of the current macroblock, when the current macroblock is a field macroblock, to a reference field picture having a parity different from the parity of the current macroblock, and sequentially visiting the reference frame pictures according to the order of the reordered reference frame picture index such that the reference field picture index information is related to the reordered reference frame picture index according to the following equations: reference field picture index information = reordered reference frame picture index × 2 when a reference field picture has a same parity as the current macroblock; and reference field picture index information = reordered reference frame picture index × 2 + 1 when a reference field picture has a different parity as the current macroblock; performing motion compensation using a reference frame picture indicated by the reference frame picture index information, when the current macroblock is the frame macroblock; and performing motion compensation using a reference field picture indicated by the reference field picture index information, when the current macroblock is the field macroblock. obtaining a reference frame picture list including multiple reference frame pictures; determining a reference frame picture index of the multiple reference frame pictures in the reference frame picture list based on display order information for the multiple reference frame pictures, reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a reverse order to reference frame pictures whose display order is lower than a display order of the current frame picture and remaining reference frame picture index numbers being allocated in a display order to reference frame pictures whose display order is higher than the display order of the current frame picture; and reordering the reference frame picture index allocated to each reference frame picture in the reference frame picture list; characterized by obtaining reference frame picture index information that is same with the reordered reference frame picture index, when the current macroblock is a frame macroblock; obtaining reference field picture index information by alternately allocating the reference field picture index information that is increased by one to reference field pictures, starting from a reference field picture having a parity equal to a parity of the current macroblock, when the current macroblock is a field macroblock, to a reference field picture having a parity different from the parity of the current macroblock, and sequentially visiting the reference frame pictures according to the order of the reordered reference frame picture index such that the reference field picture index information is related to the reordered reference frame picture index according to the following equations: reference field picture index information = reordered reference frame picture index × 2 when a reference field picture has a same parity as the current macroblock; and reference field picture index information = reordered reference frame picture index × 2 + 1 when a reference field picture has a different parity as the current macroblock; reference field picture index information = reordered reference frame picture index × 2 when a reference field picture has a same parity as the current macroblock; and reference field picture index information = reordered reference frame picture index × 2 + 1 when a reference field picture has a different parity as the current macroblock; performing motion compensation using a reference frame picture indicated by the reference frame picture index information, when the current macroblock is the frame macroblock; and performing motion compensation using a reference field picture indicated by the reference field picture index information, when the current macroblock is the field macroblock.