A path loss compensation method, comprising: obtaining (101, 201), by a base station, power parameters of a macro site and a remote radio head RRH in a cell where a user equipment UE is located; calculating (102, 204), by the base station, a path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the power parameters, wherein the path loss adjustment factor is an adjustment parameter used by the base station to compensate for an uplink transmit power of the UE; and sending (103, 205), by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor to the UE, so that the UE can calculate the uplink transmit power according to the path loss adjustment factor wherein the power parameters comprise: transmit powers of the macro site and the RRH, a reference signal power, and received powers of the macro site and the RRH, wherein the reference signal power is any one transmit power among the transmit powers of the macro site and the RRH; and the calculating, by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the power parameters, comprises: calculating, by the base station, transmit power differences, wherein the transmit power differences are differences between each of the transmit powers of the macro site and the RRH and the reference signal power; calculating, by the base station, path loss differences, wherein the path loss differences are path losses obtained by subtracting path losses between the UE and each of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located from a path loss between the UE and each of a macro site or an RRH whose transmit power is selected as the reference signal power, wherein the path losses between the UE and each of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located are path losses obtained by subtracting each of the received powers of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located from the transmit power of the UE; and calculating, by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the transmit power differences and the path loss differences. obtaining (101, 201), by a base station, power parameters of a macro site and a remote radio head RRH in a cell where a user equipment UE is located; calculating (102, 204), by the base station, a path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the power parameters, wherein the path loss adjustment factor is an adjustment parameter used by the base station to compensate for an uplink transmit power of the UE; and sending (103, 205), by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor to the UE, so that the UE can calculate the uplink transmit power according to the path loss adjustment factor wherein the power parameters comprise: transmit powers of the macro site and the RRH, a reference signal power, and received powers of the macro site and the RRH, wherein the reference signal power is any one transmit power among the transmit powers of the macro site and the RRH; and the calculating, by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the power parameters, comprises: calculating, by the base station, transmit power differences, wherein the transmit power differences are differences between each of the transmit powers of the macro site and the RRH and the reference signal power; calculating, by the base station, path loss differences, wherein the path loss differences are path losses obtained by subtracting path losses between the UE and each of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located from a path loss between the UE and each of a macro site or an RRH whose transmit power is selected as the reference signal power, wherein the path losses between the UE and each of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located are path losses obtained by subtracting each of the received powers of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located from the transmit power of the UE; and calculating, by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the transmit power differences and the path loss differences. calculating, by the base station, transmit power differences, wherein the transmit power differences are differences between each of the transmit powers of the macro site and the RRH and the reference signal power; calculating, by the base station, path loss differences, wherein the path loss differences are path losses obtained by subtracting path losses between the UE and each of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located from a path loss between the UE and each of a macro site or an RRH whose transmit power is selected as the reference signal power, wherein the path losses between the UE and each of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located are path losses obtained by subtracting each of the received powers of the macro site and the RRH in the cell where the UE is located from the transmit power of the UE; and calculating, by the base station, the path loss adjustment factor for the UE according to the transmit power differences and the path loss differences.