A system for treating congestive heart failure in a patient, comprising: An electrical signal generator having a computer readable storage medium with an input to receive a sensed physiologic parameter of the patient, wherein the electrical signal generator is configured to generate an upregulating electrical signal having a frequency in a range of from 1 kHz to 100 kHz; and an implantable signal delivery element coupled to the signal generator, wherein the signal delivery element is configured to: a) be positioned proximate an epicardial fat pad of the patient and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate and/or within the epicardial fat pad; OR b) be positioned at or proximate the patient's vagus nerve at a portion of the vagus nerve located at or proximate to the interventricular junction of the patient's heart, and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate the portion of the vagus nerve; and the signal generator is an implantable signal generator; OR c) be positioned at least partially within the coronary sinus of the patient's heart, and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate the coronary sinus; and the signal generator is an implantable signal generator; wherein the computer-readable storage medium has instructions that when executed instructs the signal generator to receive the input corresponding to the sensed physiologic parameter of the patient; determine in real-time at least one of an ejection fraction of the patient's heart and a correlate of the ejection fraction based at least in part on the sensed physiologic parameter; and adjust the signal applied by the signal delivery element in response to the determined ejection fraction. An electrical signal generator having a computer readable storage medium with an input to receive a sensed physiologic parameter of the patient, wherein the electrical signal generator is configured to generate an upregulating electrical signal having a frequency in a range of from 1 kHz to 100 kHz; and an implantable signal delivery element coupled to the signal generator, wherein the signal delivery element is configured to: a) be positioned proximate an epicardial fat pad of the patient and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate and/or within the epicardial fat pad; OR b) be positioned at or proximate the patient's vagus nerve at a portion of the vagus nerve located at or proximate to the interventricular junction of the patient's heart, and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate the portion of the vagus nerve; and the signal generator is an implantable signal generator; OR c) be positioned at least partially within the coronary sinus of the patient's heart, and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate the coronary sinus; and the signal generator is an implantable signal generator; a) be positioned proximate an epicardial fat pad of the patient and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate and/or within the epicardial fat pad; OR b) be positioned at or proximate the patient's vagus nerve at a portion of the vagus nerve located at or proximate to the interventricular junction of the patient's heart, and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate the portion of the vagus nerve; and the signal generator is an implantable signal generator; OR c) be positioned at least partially within the coronary sinus of the patient's heart, and apply the electrical signal to upregulate neural tissue proximate the coronary sinus; and the signal generator is an implantable signal generator; wherein the computer-readable storage medium has instructions that when executed instructs the signal generator to receive the input corresponding to the sensed physiologic parameter of the patient; determine in real-time at least one of an ejection fraction of the patient's heart and a correlate of the ejection fraction based at least in part on the sensed physiologic parameter; and adjust the signal applied by the signal delivery element in response to the determined ejection fraction. receive the input corresponding to the sensed physiologic parameter of the patient; determine in real-time at least one of an ejection fraction of the patient's heart and a correlate of the ejection fraction based at least in part on the sensed physiologic parameter; and adjust the signal applied by the signal delivery element in response to the determined ejection fraction.