An MRI water-fat image separation method, comprising: acquiring, within one echo period between two 180-degree rephasing radio frequency pulses (RF_1, RF_2) of a turbo spin echo pulse sequence, a first echo set corresponding to Dixon water-fat separation calculation under a first readout gradient polarity and acquiring a second echo set corresponding to Dixon water-fat separation calculation under a second readout gradient polarity, wherein the first readout gradient polarity and the second readout gradient polarity are opposite, and echoes in the second echo set are located at positions that are positionally symmetric to echoes in the first echo set with respect to the echo center of the echo period; obtaining a first echo image set based on first echo set data acquired in each echo period, and obtaining a second echo image set based on second echo set data acquired in each echo period, using the first echo image set and the second echo image set to perform Dixon water-fat separation calculation, to obtain a water image and a fat image; wherein the first echo set and the second echo set each comprise one nearly-in-phase echo meeting a set in-phase requirement and one nearly-out-of-phase echo meeting a set out-of-phase requirement, and the Dixon water-fat separation calculation is two-point Dixon water-fat separation calculation; or alternatively, the first echo set and the second echo set each comprise one nearly-in-phase echo meeting a set in-phase requirement and two nearly-out-of-phase echoes meeting a set out-of-phase requirement, and the Dixon water-fat separation calculation is three-point Dixon water-fat separation calculation. acquiring, within one echo period between two 180-degree rephasing radio frequency pulses (RF_1, RF_2) of a turbo spin echo pulse sequence, a first echo set corresponding to Dixon water-fat separation calculation under a first readout gradient polarity and acquiring a second echo set corresponding to Dixon water-fat separation calculation under a second readout gradient polarity, wherein the first readout gradient polarity and the second readout gradient polarity are opposite, and echoes in the second echo set are located at positions that are positionally symmetric to echoes in the first echo set with respect to the echo center of the echo period; obtaining a first echo image set based on first echo set data acquired in each echo period, and obtaining a second echo image set based on second echo set data acquired in each echo period, using the first echo image set and the second echo image set to perform Dixon water-fat separation calculation, to obtain a water image and a fat image; wherein the first echo set and the second echo set each comprise one nearly-in-phase echo meeting a set in-phase requirement and one nearly-out-of-phase echo meeting a set out-of-phase requirement, and the Dixon water-fat separation calculation is two-point Dixon water-fat separation calculation; or alternatively, the first echo set and the second echo set each comprise one nearly-in-phase echo meeting a set in-phase requirement and two nearly-out-of-phase echoes meeting a set out-of-phase requirement, and the Dixon water-fat separation calculation is three-point Dixon water-fat separation calculation.