Optical device having an optical system and at least one spectrally selective component (10, 452, 700, 800), which is arranged in a beam path, for spectrally influencing light (406, 602) propagating along the beam path, wherein the spectrally selective component (10, 452, 700, 800) is formed from a multilayer structure (704, 708, 804, 806), which defines an effective surface with at least one spectral edge that varies with the location of the incidence of the light (406, 602) on the effective surface, wherein, i) in a first positioning, the effective surface of the spectrally selective component (10, 452, 700, 800) is arranged in the beam path at a point at which a variation of the spectral edge of the effective surface caused by a variation of the angle of incidence at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface is compensated for at least partially by an opposite variation of the spectral edge of the effective surface caused by a variation of the location at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface, wherein the variation of the angle of incidence is brought about by a scanning movement of the light or by the light being composed of different light beams, the chief rays of which have different inclinations relative to the optical axis of the beam path, or wherein, ii) in a second positioning, the effective surface is arranged in the beam path perpendicular to its optical axis at the location of an image of a pupil of the optical system, wherein the varying angle of incidence that refers to the optical axis of the beam path and at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface is equal to or less than 35° and the light incidence location on the effective surface remains constant, wherein the variation of the angle of incidence is brought about by a scanning movement of the light or by the light being composed of different light beams, the chief rays of which have different inclinations relative to the optical axis of the beam path. wherein the spectrally selective component (10, 452, 700, 800) is formed from a multilayer structure (704, 708, 804, 806), which defines an effective surface with at least one spectral edge that varies with the location of the incidence of the light (406, 602) on the effective surface, wherein, i) in a first positioning, the effective surface of the spectrally selective component (10, 452, 700, 800) is arranged in the beam path at a point at which a variation of the spectral edge of the effective surface caused by a variation of the angle of incidence at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface is compensated for at least partially by an opposite variation of the spectral edge of the effective surface caused by a variation of the location at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface, wherein the variation of the angle of incidence is brought about by a scanning movement of the light or by the light being composed of different light beams, the chief rays of which have different inclinations relative to the optical axis of the beam path, or wherein, ii) in a second positioning, the effective surface is arranged in the beam path perpendicular to its optical axis at the location of an image of a pupil of the optical system, wherein the varying angle of incidence that refers to the optical axis of the beam path and at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface is equal to or less than 35° and the light incidence location on the effective surface remains constant, wherein the variation of the angle of incidence is brought about by a scanning movement of the light or by the light being composed of different light beams, the chief rays of which have different inclinations relative to the optical axis of the beam path. i) in a first positioning, the effective surface of the spectrally selective component (10, 452, 700, 800) is arranged in the beam path at a point at which a variation of the spectral edge of the effective surface caused by a variation of the angle of incidence at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface is compensated for at least partially by an opposite variation of the spectral edge of the effective surface caused by a variation of the location at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface, wherein the variation of the angle of incidence is brought about by a scanning movement of the light or by the light being composed of different light beams, the chief rays of which have different inclinations relative to the optical axis of the beam path, or wherein, ii) in a second positioning, the effective surface is arranged in the beam path perpendicular to its optical axis at the location of an image of a pupil of the optical system, wherein the varying angle of incidence that refers to the optical axis of the beam path and at which the light (406, 602) is incident on the effective surface is equal to or less than 35° and the light incidence location on the effective surface remains constant, wherein the variation of the angle of incidence is brought about by a scanning movement of the light or by the light being composed of different light beams, the chief rays of which have different inclinations relative to the optical axis of the beam path.