An image inspection apparatus comprising: an image capturing unit for capturing images of an object; a transparent illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) which is disposed between the object and the image capturing unit, has a light-emitting surface for radiating light to the object and is configured to be able to control a light-emitting position on the light-emitting surface to thereby select a radiation direction of the light; and a control unit which is configured to control the image capturing unit and the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320), wherein the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) includes a plurality of light-emitting units (31, 31A to 31E) arranged in a matrix form and configured to be able to selectively emit light, and an optical system (40, 140, 240, 340) configured so that the radiation direction of light emitted from each of the plurality of light-emitting units (31, 31A to 31E) is an individual direction depending on the position of the respective light-emitting unit (31, 31A to 31E), wherein the control unit is configured to cause the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) to change the light-emitting position and thereby the corresponding radiation direction, cause the image capturing unit to capture images of the object, identify from images of the object a light-emitting position and the corresponding radiation direction of the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) from where a measurement point of the surface of the object is illuminated, and calculate a distance from the light-emitting surface to the measurement point on the basis of the identified light-emitting position and the identified radiation direction. an image capturing unit for capturing images of an object; a transparent illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) which is disposed between the object and the image capturing unit, has a light-emitting surface for radiating light to the object and is configured to be able to control a light-emitting position on the light-emitting surface to thereby select a radiation direction of the light; and a control unit which is configured to control the image capturing unit and the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320), wherein the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) includes a plurality of light-emitting units (31, 31A to 31E) arranged in a matrix form and configured to be able to selectively emit light, and an optical system (40, 140, 240, 340) configured so that the radiation direction of light emitted from each of the plurality of light-emitting units (31, 31A to 31E) is an individual direction depending on the position of the respective light-emitting unit (31, 31A to 31E), wherein the control unit is configured to cause the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) to change the light-emitting position and thereby the corresponding radiation direction, cause the image capturing unit to capture images of the object, identify from images of the object a light-emitting position and the corresponding radiation direction of the illumination unit (20, 120, 220, 320) from where a measurement point of the surface of the object is illuminated, and calculate a distance from the light-emitting surface to the measurement point on the basis of the identified light-emitting position and the identified radiation direction.