A foldable electronic device (100; 200; 300) comprising: a first housing structure (110A; 310A) disposed on one side of a folding axis; a second housing structure (110B; 310B) disposed on an opposite side of the folding axis and connected with the first housing structure; a first display (130; 230; 330) disposed over a first surface of the first housing structure and a first surface of the second housing structure and foldable about a folding area depending on an arrangement state corresponding to an angle between the first housing structure and the second housing structure; a second display (135; 235; 335) disposed on at least one of a second surface of the first housing structure or a second surface of the second housing structure; a hinge structure disposed between the first housing structure and the second housing structure and configured to form the folding axis; a drive unit (155; 260) configured to operate depending on at least one of a plurality of drive signals to rotate the hinge structure; a processor (170; 240) operationally connected with the first display, the second display, and the drive unit; and a memory (190; 280) operationally connected with the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to: determine occurrence of a first event; change the arrangement state into one of a flat state, an intermediate state, or a folded state by transmitting at least one of the plurality of drive signals to the drive unit depending on the occurrence of the first event; determine occurrence of a second event depending on the plurality of drive signals; and switch at least one of the first display or the second display to at least one of a plurality of screen modes depending on the occurrence of the second event, wherein the plurality of screen modes are a plurality of set screen modes each related to one of the arrangement states. a first housing structure (110A; 310A) disposed on one side of a folding axis; a second housing structure (110B; 310B) disposed on an opposite side of the folding axis and connected with the first housing structure; a first display (130; 230; 330) disposed over a first surface of the first housing structure and a first surface of the second housing structure and foldable about a folding area depending on an arrangement state corresponding to an angle between the first housing structure and the second housing structure; a second display (135; 235; 335) disposed on at least one of a second surface of the first housing structure or a second surface of the second housing structure; a hinge structure disposed between the first housing structure and the second housing structure and configured to form the folding axis; a drive unit (155; 260) configured to operate depending on at least one of a plurality of drive signals to rotate the hinge structure; a processor (170; 240) operationally connected with the first display, the second display, and the drive unit; and a memory (190; 280) operationally connected with the processor, wherein the memory stores instructions that, when executed, cause the processor to: determine occurrence of a first event; change the arrangement state into one of a flat state, an intermediate state, or a folded state by transmitting at least one of the plurality of drive signals to the drive unit depending on the occurrence of the first event; determine occurrence of a second event depending on the plurality of drive signals; and switch at least one of the first display or the second display to at least one of a plurality of screen modes depending on the occurrence of the second event, wherein the plurality of screen modes are a plurality of set screen modes each related to one of the arrangement states. determine occurrence of a first event; change the arrangement state into one of a flat state, an intermediate state, or a folded state by transmitting at least one of the plurality of drive signals to the drive unit depending on the occurrence of the first event; determine occurrence of a second event depending on the plurality of drive signals; and switch at least one of the first display or the second display to at least one of a plurality of screen modes depending on the occurrence of the second event, wherein the plurality of screen modes are a plurality of set screen modes each related to one of the arrangement states.