An optical coupling system, comprising a pump light source, an optical fiber array, an optoelectronics chip, and an optical coupling connector connecting the optical fiber array and the optoelectronics chip, and wherein the optical coupling connector comprises an upper-layer connector and a lower-layer connector, wherein the upper-layer connector comprises N upper-layer waveguides, wherein N is a positive integer greater than or equal to 2; the lower-layer connector comprises N lower-layer waveguides, wherein the N lower-layer waveguides and the N upper-layer waveguides are coupled in a one-to-one correspondence, and each lower-layer waveguide comprises a coupling waveguide portion, a pitch matching waveguide portion, and a signal light amplification waveguide portion; the pump light source is connected to the N upper-layer waveguides, wherein the pump light source provides N channels of pump light for the N upper-layer waveguides; the optical fiber array comprises N optical fibers, wherein the N optical fibers provide N channels of signal light for the N lower-layer waveguides; the optoelectronics chip comprises N optical waveguides, wherein first ends of the N lower-layer waveguides are connected to the N optical fibers in a one-to-one correspondence, and second ends of the N lower-layer waveguides are connected to the N optical waveguides in a one-to-one correspondence; and the N upper-layer waveguides couple the N channels of pump light to the corresponding N lower-layer waveguides one to one; and each lower-layer waveguide comprises a first core layer and a first covering layer that covers the first core layer, wherein a material of the first covering layer comprises a gain material, the gain material is configured to transfer energy of the pump light to the signal light, and a refractive index of the first core layer is greater than a refractive index of the first covering layer, wherein an upper-layer waveguide i is configured to receive one channel of pump light, and a lower-layer waveguide j is configured to receive one channel of signal light emitted by the optical fiber array; the upper-layer waveguide i is configured to couple the one channel of pump light to a coupling waveguide portion of the corresponding lower-layer waveguide j, the coupling waveguide portion of the lower-layer waveguide j is configured to transmit coupled light that comprises the one channel of pump light and the one channel of signal light to a pitch matching waveguide portion of the lower-layer waveguide j, the pitch matching waveguide portion of the lower-layer waveguide j is configured to transmit the coupled light to a signal light amplification waveguide portion of the lower-layer waveguide j, and the signal light amplification waveguide portion of the lower-layer waveguide j is configured to amplify the one channel of signal light in the coupled light, to attenuate the one channel of pump light in the coupled light, and to transmit the one channel of amplified signal light to the optoelectronics chip; and the upper-layer waveguide i is any one of the N upper-layer waveguides, and the lower-layer waveguide j is any one of the N lower-layer waveguides, and wherein a gain material used in the first covering layer of the coupling waveguide portion and the pitch matching waveguide portion of each lower-layer waveguide has a relatively small gain effect, and a gain material used in the first covering layer of the signal light amplification waveguide portion of each lower-layer waveguide has a relatively large gain effect.