A medium for identifying and distinguishing species of enterococci placed in the medium comprising: (a) a first substrate conjugated to a first imaging moiety, wherein the first substrate is selected to interact preferentially with a first enzyme that is produced by a first species of enterococci compared to a second enzyme that is produced by a second species of enterococci; and (b) a second substrate conjugated to a second imaging moiety, wherein the second substrate is selected to interact preferentially with the second enzyme that is produced by the second species of enterococci compared to the first enzyme that is produced by the first species of enterococci; wherein the first imaging moiety images a first indicator when the first substrate interacts with the first enzyme and the second imaging moiety images a second indicator when the second substrate interacts with the second enzyme and wherein the first indicator is perceptually different from the second indicator; and (c) either a third substrate or a third substrate and a cephalosporin, wherein the third substrate induces the production of the first enzyme by at least a third species of enterococci, and the combined presence of the first imaging moiety and second imaging moiety image a third indicator in the combined presence of the first enzyme and the second enzyme produced by the at least third species of enterococci, wherein the first, second and third indicators are perceptually different from each other, and wherein the third substrate does not have a chromogen attached thereto; or (c') an inhibitor of non-vancomycin resistant enterococci comprising vancomycin and at least a cephalosporin, wherein the cephalosporin inhibits the growth of the third species of enterococci but not the growth of the first or second species of enterococci, and the combined presence of the first imaging moiety and second imaging moiety image a third indicator in the combined presence of the first enzyme and the second enzyme produced by the at least third species of enterococci, wherein the first, second and third indicators are perceptually different from each other. (a) a first substrate conjugated to a first imaging moiety, wherein the first substrate is selected to interact preferentially with a first enzyme that is produced by a first species of enterococci compared to a second enzyme that is produced by a second species of enterococci; and (b) a second substrate conjugated to a second imaging moiety, wherein the second substrate is selected to interact preferentially with the second enzyme that is produced by the second species of enterococci compared to the first enzyme that is produced by the first species of enterococci; wherein the first imaging moiety images a first indicator when the first substrate interacts with the first enzyme and the second imaging moiety images a second indicator when the second substrate interacts with the second enzyme and wherein the first indicator is perceptually different from the second indicator; and (c) either a third substrate or a third substrate and a cephalosporin, wherein the third substrate induces the production of the first enzyme by at least a third species of enterococci, and the combined presence of the first imaging moiety and second imaging moiety image a third indicator in the combined presence of the first enzyme and the second enzyme produced by the at least third species of enterococci, wherein the first, second and third indicators are perceptually different from each other, and wherein the third substrate does not have a chromogen attached thereto; or (c') an inhibitor of non-vancomycin resistant enterococci comprising vancomycin and at least a cephalosporin, wherein the cephalosporin inhibits the growth of the third species of enterococci but not the growth of the first or second species of enterococci, and the combined presence of the first imaging moiety and second imaging moiety image a third indicator in the combined presence of the first enzyme and the second enzyme produced by the at least third species of enterococci, wherein the first, second and third indicators are perceptually different from each other.