An ophthalmic optical coherence tomography system, comprising: an OCT interferometer primary module and a sample arm module, wherein the OCT interferometer primary module comprises an OCT light source, a fiber coupler, a reference arm, a detection module, an X-direction scanning unit, and a Y-direction scanning unit; the sample arm module comprises an anterior eye segment imaging module and a posterior eye segment imaging module; and characterised in that: the posterior eye segment imaging module comprises: an optical path adjustment unit, a refraction adjustment unit, a rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror, a dichroic mirror, and a fundus lens; the OCT light source outputs light to the sample arm module and the reference arm via the fiber coupler; the reference arm reflects the light received by the reference arm to the fiber coupler; the Y-direction scanning unit is rotatable; when the Y-direction scanning unit is at a first rotation angle, the Y-direction scanning unit reflects the light received from the X-direction scanning unit into the anterior eye segment imaging module; when the Y-direction scanning unit is rotated at a second rotation angle, the Y-direction scanning unit reflects the light transmitted from the X-direction scanning unit into the posterior eye segment imaging module to the optical path adjustment unit; the optical path adjustment unit reflects the light to the rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror via the refraction adjustment unit; the rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror is rotatably adjusted correspondingly to the rotation of the Y-direction scanning unit and cooperates with the Y-direction scanning unit to reflect the light transmitted on the rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror to the dichroic mirror; the dichroic mirror reflects the light to the fundus lens; and the light is transmitted through the fundus lens into the human eye to be examined; the fiber coupler receives light scattered back by the sample arm, and the received light interferes with the light reflected back by the reference arm; and the detection module is used for detecting the interfered light. the posterior eye segment imaging module comprises: an optical path adjustment unit, a refraction adjustment unit, a rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror, a dichroic mirror, and a fundus lens; the OCT light source outputs light to the sample arm module and the reference arm via the fiber coupler; the reference arm reflects the light received by the reference arm to the fiber coupler; the Y-direction scanning unit is rotatable; when the Y-direction scanning unit is at a first rotation angle, the Y-direction scanning unit reflects the light received from the X-direction scanning unit into the anterior eye segment imaging module; when the Y-direction scanning unit is rotated at a second rotation angle, the Y-direction scanning unit reflects the light transmitted from the X-direction scanning unit into the posterior eye segment imaging module to the optical path adjustment unit; the optical path adjustment unit reflects the light to the rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror via the refraction adjustment unit; the rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror is rotatably adjusted correspondingly to the rotation of the Y-direction scanning unit and cooperates with the Y-direction scanning unit to reflect the light transmitted on the rotatable-adjustable total-reflection mirror to the dichroic mirror; the dichroic mirror reflects the light to the fundus lens; and the light is transmitted through the fundus lens into the human eye to be examined; the fiber coupler receives light scattered back by the sample arm, and the received light interferes with the light reflected back by the reference arm; and the detection module is used for detecting the interfered light.