Pile holder for use in a pile holding system to be mounted on a deck of a vessel, e.g. for installation of a pile adapted to support an offshore wind turbine, which pile holding system is configured to support the pile in an upright position at a pile installation location next to the vessel, wherein the pile holder comprises: - a base structure, a first jaw and a second jaw, the first jaw and the second jaw each extending between an inner end and an outer end, and wherein the first jaw and the second jaw are pivotably connected at the inner end thereof to a respective pivot part of the base structure to pivot about a jaw pivot axis (PA1, PA2) between a closed position, in which the pile holder defines a pile passage for the pile held in the pile holder, and an open position, to allow the pile to be received in, or to be removed from, the pile holder in a lateral direction, characterized in that the pile holder further comprises: - track structures, e.g. a track or rail section, comprised in the first jaw and the second jaw, and preferably the base structure, the track structures extending along a longitudinal direction of the respective first jaw, second jaw or base structure, - three primary pile engaging devices, wherein the primary pile engaging devices each comprise a chassis, one or more pile engaging elements, e.g. each comprise one or more pile guiding rollers for engaging the pile in the pile passage, and an actuator to move the one or more pile engaging elements between an active position and a passive position for respectively engaging and releasing the pile located in the pile holder, and to allow simultaneous engagement of all primary pile engaging devices with piles having different diameters, when the pile engaging elements are in the active position and the first jaw and second jaw are in their closed positions, wherein the primary pile engaging devices further comprise a chassis, which chassis of each of the primary pile engaging devices is moveably supported on one of the track structures, wherein each chassis is provided with a drive adapted to move the chassis along the track structure, and therefore move the pile engaging devices, more in particular the pile engaging elements, along an inner circumference of the pile holder while engaging a pile, to rotate a pile supported by a crane in the pile holder about its longitudinal axis, and wherein the pile holding system further comprises a control system configured to control the drives of the primary pile engaging devices, and to drive the primary pile engaging devices in unison along the track structures. - a base structure, a first jaw and a second jaw, the first jaw and the second jaw each extending between an inner end and an outer end, and wherein the first jaw and the second jaw are pivotably connected at the inner end thereof to a respective pivot part of the base structure to pivot about a jaw pivot axis (PA1, PA2) between a closed position, in which the pile holder defines a pile passage for the pile held in the pile holder, and an open position, to allow the pile to be received in, or to be removed from, the pile holder in a lateral direction, - track structures, e.g. a track or rail section, comprised in the first jaw and the second jaw, and preferably the base structure, the track structures extending along a longitudinal direction of the respective first jaw, second jaw or base structure, - three primary pile engaging devices, wherein the primary pile engaging devices each comprise a chassis, one or more pile engaging elements, e.g. each comprise one or more pile guiding rollers for engaging the pile in the pile passage, and an actuator to move the one or more pile engaging elements between an active position and a passive position for respectively engaging and releasing the pile located in the pile holder, and to allow simultaneous engagement of all primary pile engaging devices with piles having different diameters, when the pile engaging elements are in the active position and the first jaw and second jaw are in their closed positions, wherein the primary pile engaging devices further comprise a chassis, which chassis of each of the primary pile engaging devices is moveably supported on one of the track structures, wherein each chassis is provided with a drive adapted to move the chassis along the track structure, and therefore move the pile engaging devices, more in particular the pile engaging elements, along an inner circumference of the pile holder while engaging a pile, to rotate a pile supported by a crane in the pile holder about its longitudinal axis, and wherein the pile holding system further comprises a control system configured to control the drives of the primary pile engaging devices, and to drive the primary pile engaging devices in unison along the track structures.