A cell encapsulation device comprising: a pouch comprising: opposed first and second ends (130, 132); first and second composite layers (104, 106) extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132), wherein the first composite layer includes: a first cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a first cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and wherein the second composite layer includes: a second cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a second cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a lumen extending through the cell encapsulation device from the first end to the second end; a reservoir positioned between the first and second composite layers (104, 106), the reservoir contacting the first cell retentive layer; at least one port in fluid communication with the reservoir; and a removal element attached to or is integral with the first end of the pouch extending from the first end into the lumen to be accessible by a device removal tool such that during use a device removal tool inserted into the lumen from the second end of the pouch grasps the removal element to exert a force on the removal element through the lumen to cause the device to be removed by eversion. a pouch comprising: opposed first and second ends (130, 132); first and second composite layers (104, 106) extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132), wherein the first composite layer includes: a first cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a first cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and wherein the second composite layer includes: a second cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a second cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a lumen extending through the cell encapsulation device from the first end to the second end; a reservoir positioned between the first and second composite layers (104, 106), the reservoir contacting the first cell retentive layer; at least one port in fluid communication with the reservoir; and a removal element attached to or is integral with the first end of the pouch extending from the first end into the lumen to be accessible by a device removal tool such that during use a device removal tool inserted into the lumen from the second end of the pouch grasps the removal element to exert a force on the removal element through the lumen to cause the device to be removed by eversion. opposed first and second ends (130, 132); first and second composite layers (104, 106) extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132), wherein the first composite layer includes: a first cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a first cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a first cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a first cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and wherein the second composite layer includes: a second cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a second cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a second cell permeable layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a second cell retentive layer extending between the opposed first and second ends (130, 132); and a lumen extending through the cell encapsulation device from the first end to the second end; a reservoir positioned between the first and second composite layers (104, 106), the reservoir contacting the first cell retentive layer; at least one port in fluid communication with the reservoir; and a removal element attached to or is integral with the first end of the pouch extending from the first end into the lumen to be accessible by a device removal tool such that during use a device removal tool inserted into the lumen from the second end of the pouch grasps the removal element to exert a force on the removal element through the lumen to cause the device to be removed by eversion.