A method of reducing error rate when preparing genetic material for analysis, which produces clonal populations at amplification sites and increases the number and quality of amplicons in the clonal populations at the amplification sites, comprising: reacting a first solution and a different, second solution on a flow cell wherein the flow cell includes a plurality of P5 and P7 primers attached to the flow cell at the amplification sites by flowing the first solution over an array of amplification sites on the flow cell, linearizing and removing the P5 primers from the amplification sites and subsequently flowing the second solution over the array of amplification sites; the first solution including a number of target nucleic acids and a first reagent mixture that comprises nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) and one or more replication enzymes, wherein the target nucleic acids comprise strands with adapters at the ends that are configured to bind to the corresponding P5 and P7 primers on the flow cell, the target nucleic acids in the first solution transporting to and binding to the amplification sites at a transport rate wherein the first solution reacts on the flow cell to bind the target nucleic acid and amplicons to a first subset of primers, the first reagent mixture amplifying the target nucleic acids that are bound to the amplification sites to produce clonal populations of amplicons originating from corresponding target nucleic acids, wherein the amplicons are produced at an amplification rate that exceeds the transport rate; and the second solution including a second reagent mixture comprising the NTPs and the one or more replication enzymes of the first reagent mixture and grafting primers that attach to the surface of the flow cell, but lacking the target nucleic acids, the second solution, reacting on the flow cell to: (a) attach the grafting primers to the surface of the flow cell; (b) produce an additional number of the amplicons in the clonal populations at the amplification sites, and (c) bind the additional amplicons to at least some of the primers in an exposed subset of the primers different than the first subset, wherein the additional amplicons are produced by exclusion amplification at an amplification rate exceeding the transport rate. reacting a first solution and a different, second solution on a flow cell wherein the flow cell includes a plurality of P5 and P7 primers attached to the flow cell at the amplification sites by flowing the first solution over an array of amplification sites on the flow cell, linearizing and removing the P5 primers from the amplification sites and subsequently flowing the second solution over the array of amplification sites; the first solution including a number of target nucleic acids and a first reagent mixture that comprises nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) and one or more replication enzymes, wherein the target nucleic acids comprise strands with adapters at the ends that are configured to bind to the corresponding P5 and P7 primers on the flow cell, the target nucleic acids in the first solution transporting to and binding to the amplification sites at a transport rate wherein the first solution reacts on the flow cell to bind the target nucleic acid and amplicons to a first subset of primers, the first reagent mixture amplifying the target nucleic acids that are bound to the amplification sites to produce clonal populations of amplicons originating from corresponding target nucleic acids, wherein the amplicons are produced at an amplification rate that exceeds the transport rate; and the second solution including a second reagent mixture comprising the NTPs and the one or more replication enzymes of the first reagent mixture and grafting primers that attach to the surface of the flow cell, but lacking the target nucleic acids, the second solution, reacting on the flow cell to: (a) attach the grafting primers to the surface of the flow cell; (b) produce an additional number of the amplicons in the clonal populations at the amplification sites, and (c) bind the additional amplicons to at least some of the primers in an exposed subset of the primers different than the first subset, (a) attach the grafting primers to the surface of the flow cell; (b) produce an additional number of the amplicons in the clonal populations at the amplification sites, and (c) bind the additional amplicons to at least some of the primers in an exposed subset of the primers different than the first subset, wherein the additional amplicons are produced by exclusion amplification at an amplification rate exceeding the transport rate.