A train axle speed control apparatus, comprising: a pressure control valve configured to adjust, based on a received initial brake cylinder pressure control signal, a received brake cylinder pressure to obtain a processed brake cylinder pressure; a pressure transmission pipeline connected to an output end of the pressure control valve and configured to transmit the processed brake cylinder pressure; a brake cylinder pressure detection device provided on the pressure transmission pipeline and configured to collect and send an actual pressure value of compressed gas flowing through the pressure transmission pipeline; a train brake mechanism configured to brake a train axle, wherein a brake pressure input end of the train brake mechanism is connected to an output end of the pressure transmission pipeline; an axle rotation speed detection device configured to collect and send rotation speed information of the train axle; and an information processing device, comprising: a first input end connected to the axle rotation speed detection device, a second input end connected to the brake cylinder pressure detection device, a third input end connected to the output end of the pressure control valve, and an output end connected to an input end of the pressure control valve, characterized in that: the information processing device is configured to: determine whether the received rotation speed information, corresponding to the processed brake cylinder pressure that is generated in responsive to the initial brake cylinder pressure control signal, and the actual pressure value have a preset correspondence, generate a new brake cylinder pressure control signal based on the preset correspondence, and transmit the new brake cylinder pressure control signal to the pressure control valve in a case where the received speed information and the actual pressure value do not meet the preset correspondence. a pressure control valve configured to adjust, based on a received initial brake cylinder pressure control signal, a received brake cylinder pressure to obtain a processed brake cylinder pressure; a pressure transmission pipeline connected to an output end of the pressure control valve and configured to transmit the processed brake cylinder pressure; a brake cylinder pressure detection device provided on the pressure transmission pipeline and configured to collect and send an actual pressure value of compressed gas flowing through the pressure transmission pipeline; a train brake mechanism configured to brake a train axle, wherein a brake pressure input end of the train brake mechanism is connected to an output end of the pressure transmission pipeline; an axle rotation speed detection device configured to collect and send rotation speed information of the train axle; and an information processing device, comprising: a first input end connected to the axle rotation speed detection device, a second input end connected to the brake cylinder pressure detection device, a third input end connected to the output end of the pressure control valve, and an output end connected to an input end of the pressure control valve, characterized in that: the information processing device is configured to: determine whether the received rotation speed information, corresponding to the processed brake cylinder pressure that is generated in responsive to the initial brake cylinder pressure control signal, and the actual pressure value have a preset correspondence, generate a new brake cylinder pressure control signal based on the preset correspondence, and transmit the new brake cylinder pressure control signal to the pressure control valve in a case where the received speed information and the actual pressure value do not meet the preset correspondence. a first input end connected to the axle rotation speed detection device, a second input end connected to the brake cylinder pressure detection device, a third input end connected to the output end of the pressure control valve, and an output end connected to an input end of the pressure control valve, characterized in that: the information processing device is configured to: determine whether the received rotation speed information, corresponding to the processed brake cylinder pressure that is generated in responsive to the initial brake cylinder pressure control signal, and the actual pressure value have a preset correspondence, generate a new brake cylinder pressure control signal based on the preset correspondence, and transmit the new brake cylinder pressure control signal to the pressure control valve in a case where the received speed information and the actual pressure value do not meet the preset correspondence. determine whether the received rotation speed information, corresponding to the processed brake cylinder pressure that is generated in responsive to the initial brake cylinder pressure control signal, and the actual pressure value have a preset correspondence, generate a new brake cylinder pressure control signal based on the preset correspondence, and transmit the new brake cylinder pressure control signal to the pressure control valve in a case where the received speed information and the actual pressure value do not meet the preset correspondence.