An exposure apparatus for paraspinal muscle clearance approach with posterior spinal small incision, comprising: a spinous process side vertebral plate retractor and a cooperating vertebral plate outer side retractor, wherein the spinous process side vertebral plate retractor consists of a first handle and a first retractor body, the first retractor body is an L-shaped metal bar, one end of the first retractor body is fixedly connected to the distal end of the first handle, the other, distal end of the first retractor bends towards the direction of the first handle and this end is provided with a horizontal teeth part along the width direction of the first retractor body; wherein the horizontal teeth part located at one side of the other end of the first retractor body is towards the first handle, and an angle formed between the horizontal teeth part and the end is an obtuse angle; wherein the first retractor body comprises a first horizontal segment and a first vertical segment, wherein an angle of 80 ± 10 degrees is formed between the first horizontal segment and the first vertical segment, an angle of 165 ± 15 degrees if formed between the first handle and the first horizontal segment, the first handle is located at one side of the first horizontal segment opposite to the first vertical segment, and the other, distal end of the first retractor body bends by 10 ± 10 degrees towards the direction of the first handle; the vertebral plate outer side retractor consists of a second handle and a second retractor body, the second retractor body is an L-shaped metal bar, one end of the second retractor body is connected to the distal end of the second handle, and the other, distal end of the second retractor body is provided with a shape of linguiform bulge that bends towards a direction far away from the second handle; wherein the second retractor body comprises a second horizontal segment and a second vertical segment, wherein an angle of 100 ± 10 degrees is formed between the second horizontal segment and the second vertical segment, an angle of 165 ± 15 degrees is formed between the second handle and the second horizontal segment, the second handle is located at one side of the second horizontal segment opposite to the second vertical segment, and the other end of the second retractor body bends by 10 ± 5 degrees towards a direction far away from the second handle; wherein both distal ends of the first handle and the second handle, which are each respectively connected to the first retractor body and second retractor body, are a fishmouth shaped flat structure, both the thicknesses of the first retractor body and the second retractor body are 2 ± 1mm, and the widths thereof are both 25 ± 10mm; and both the lengths of the first horizontal segment and the second horizontal segment are 100 ± 50mm; wherein the length of the first vertical segment is 40 ± 10 or 60 ± 10mm, the length of the other end of the first retractor body bending towards the direction of the first handle is 10 ± 5mm, and the length of the teeth of the horizontal teeth part is 5 ± 2mm; wherein the length of the second vertical segment is 55 ± 10 or 75 ± 10mm, and the shape of a linguiform bulge provided at the other end of the second retractor body is comprised of two linguiform bulges having a length of 5 ± 2mm.