A color image-capture element, comprising: a two-dimensional pixel array in which a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element are disposed on a substrate in a two-dimensional array; a transparent layer formed on the two-dimensional pixel array; and a two-dimensional spectroscopic element array in which a plurality of spectroscopic elements are disposed inside or on the transparent layer in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the spectroscopic elements includes a set of microstructures composed of a plurality of microstructures each formed of a same material, the material having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the transparent layer, wherein the set of microstructures is composed of the plurality of microstructures that have equal length in a direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional pixel array but have a different shape in a horizontal direction with respect to the two-dimensional pixel array, are disposed at intervals equal to or shorter than a wavelength of incident light, and are separated from each other in the horizontal direction, wherein at least part of light incident on the spectroscopic elements is separated into first to third lights (R, G, B) that have different propagation directions according to their respective wavelengths, and the lights are emitted from the spectroscopic elements, and enter three respective pixels of the plurality of pixels disposed consecutively in the horizontal direction of the two-dimensional pixel array, characterized in that the first to third lights are lights in wavelength regions different from each other. a two-dimensional pixel array in which a plurality of pixels each including a photoelectric conversion element are disposed on a substrate in a two-dimensional array; a transparent layer formed on the two-dimensional pixel array; and a two-dimensional spectroscopic element array in which a plurality of spectroscopic elements are disposed inside or on the transparent layer in a two-dimensional array, wherein each of the spectroscopic elements includes a set of microstructures composed of a plurality of microstructures each formed of a same material, the material having a higher refractive index than a refractive index of the transparent layer, wherein the set of microstructures is composed of the plurality of microstructures that have equal length in a direction perpendicular to the two-dimensional pixel array but have a different shape in a horizontal direction with respect to the two-dimensional pixel array, are disposed at intervals equal to or shorter than a wavelength of incident light, and are separated from each other in the horizontal direction, wherein at least part of light incident on the spectroscopic elements is separated into first to third lights (R, G, B) that have different propagation directions according to their respective wavelengths, and the lights are emitted from the spectroscopic elements, and enter three respective pixels of the plurality of pixels disposed consecutively in the horizontal direction of the two-dimensional pixel array, characterized in that the first to third lights are lights in wavelength regions different from each other.