mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
A method of controlling a spin ensemble comprising: coupling a cavity mode of a cavity with spin states of a spin ensemble in a sample environment, the sample environment comprising a static magnetic field, the spin ensemble defining a state space comprising a plurality of angular momentum subspaces; and generating an interaction between the cavity and the spin ensemble that increases polarization of the spin ensemble faster than the dominant thermal polarizing process affecting the spin ensemble in the sample environment, wherein the interaction is generated by the coupling between the spin states and the cavity mode acting independently on each of the plurality of angular momentum subspaces of the spin ensemble, wherein the interaction is generated by applying a time-varying magnetic drive field to the spin ensemble, the time-varying magnetic drive field being adapted to couple the spin states of the spin ensemble with the cavity mode of the cavity, and wherein the time-varying magnetic drive field is tuned to a spin-resonance frequency ( ω s) of the spin ensemble the cavity mode corresponds to a cavity-resonance frequency ( ω c), the cavity-resonance frequency ( ω c) is detuned from the spin-resonance frequency ( ω s) by an amount δω = ω c - ω s, the time-varying magnetic drive field generates Rabi oscillations at a Rabi frequency (Ω R), and the difference between the detuning (δ ω) and the Rabi frequency (Ω R) is small compared to the detuning ( δω). coupling a cavity mode of a cavity with spin states of a spin ensemble in a sample environment, the sample environment comprising a static magnetic field, the spin ensemble defining a state space comprising a plurality of angular momentum subspaces; and generating an interaction between the cavity and the spin ensemble that increases polarization of the spin ensemble faster than the dominant thermal polarizing process affecting the spin ensemble in the sample environment, wherein the interaction is generated by the coupling between the spin states and the cavity mode acting independently on each of the plurality of angular momentum subspaces of the spin ensemble, wherein the interaction is generated by applying a time-varying magnetic drive field to the spin ensemble, the time-varying magnetic drive field being adapted to couple the spin states of the spin ensemble with the cavity mode of the cavity, and wherein the time-varying magnetic drive field is tuned to a spin-resonance frequency ( ω s) of the spin ensemble the cavity mode corresponds to a cavity-resonance frequency ( ω c), the cavity-resonance frequency ( ω c) is detuned from the spin-resonance frequency ( ω s) by an amount δω = ω c - ω s, the time-varying magnetic drive field generates Rabi oscillations at a Rabi frequency (Ω R), and the difference between the detuning (δ ω) and the Rabi frequency (Ω R) is small compared to the detuning ( δω).
A method comprising: providing a beam of radiation using an illumination system; using a patterning device to impart the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section; and projecting the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of a substrate using a projection system; wherein the illumination system comprises an array of individually controllable reflective elements and associated optical components arranged to convert the radiation beam into a desired illumination mode; and wherein an allocation scheme is used to determine the locations of individually controllable reflective elements which are used to direct radiation to different parts of the illumination mode, to correct for, or reduce the effect of, an unwanted property of the illumination mode or of the radiation beam, and wherein the allocation scheme includes using different parts of the array of individually controllable reflective elements to direct radiation to different regions of the illumination mode, the parts of the array being selected so as to apply a desired modification of an energy distribution of the radiation beam, characterised in that the energy distribution modification is a modification of the telecentricity of the radiation beam. providing a beam of radiation using an illumination system; using a patterning device to impart the radiation beam with a pattern in its cross-section; and projecting the patterned radiation beam onto a target portion of a substrate using a projection system; wherein the illumination system comprises an array of individually controllable reflective elements and associated optical components arranged to convert the radiation beam into a desired illumination mode; and wherein an allocation scheme is used to determine the locations of individually controllable reflective elements which are used to direct radiation to different parts of the illumination mode, to correct for, or reduce the effect of, an unwanted property of the illumination mode or of the radiation beam, and wherein the allocation scheme includes using different parts of the array of individually controllable reflective elements to direct radiation to different regions of the illumination mode, the parts of the array being selected so as to apply a desired modification of an energy distribution of the radiation beam, characterised in that the energy distribution modification is a modification of the telecentricity of the radiation beam.
A method of controlling a tire inflation system of a vehicle comprising: checking an inflation pressure of a tire when a tire pressure sampling interval has elapsed; and inflating the tire when the inflation pressure is less than a target tire pressure; characterized in that the tire pressure sampling interval is measured based on a wheel end temperature and the tire pressure sampling interval is decreased when the wheel end temperature exceeds a threshold wheel end temperature. checking an inflation pressure of a tire when a tire pressure sampling interval has elapsed; and inflating the tire when the inflation pressure is less than a target tire pressure; characterized in that the tire pressure sampling interval is measured based on a wheel end temperature and the tire pressure sampling interval is decreased when the wheel end temperature exceeds a threshold wheel end temperature.
A display device, comprising: a display panel having a plurality of data lines and a plurality of gate lines crossing the data lines, the gate lines including a plurality of odd-numbered gate lines and a plurality of even-numbered gate lines; a timing controller to generate a gate output enable signal; a gate output enable signal division circuit including a 2-frequency divider circuit configured to receive the gate output enable signal as input, to divide the frequency of the gate output enable signal by 2, and to generate a 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2) from the gate output enable signal, a first inverter to invert the phase of the 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2), a first AND operator to receive the 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2) and the gate output enable signal as inputs and to output a first gate output enable signal (GOE_O), and a second AND operator to receive the inverted 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2) and the gate output enable signal as inputs and to output a second gate output enable signal (GOE_E); and a gate driver to supply a first gate pulse (GO_O) to at least one of the odd-numbered gate lines based on the first gate output enable signal (GOE_O) and a second gate pulse (GO_E) to at least one of the even-numbered gate lines based on the second gate output enable signal (GOE_E). a display panel having a plurality of data lines and a plurality of gate lines crossing the data lines, the gate lines including a plurality of odd-numbered gate lines and a plurality of even-numbered gate lines; a timing controller to generate a gate output enable signal; a gate output enable signal division circuit including a 2-frequency divider circuit configured to receive the gate output enable signal as input, to divide the frequency of the gate output enable signal by 2, and to generate a 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2) from the gate output enable signal, a first inverter to invert the phase of the 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2), a first AND operator to receive the 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2) and the gate output enable signal as inputs and to output a first gate output enable signal (GOE_O), and a second AND operator to receive the inverted 2-frequency divided gate output enable signal (GOE/2) and the gate output enable signal as inputs and to output a second gate output enable signal (GOE_E); and a gate driver to supply a first gate pulse (GO_O) to at least one of the odd-numbered gate lines based on the first gate output enable signal (GOE_O) and a second gate pulse (GO_E) to at least one of the even-numbered gate lines based on the second gate output enable signal (GOE_E).
A method of synchronizing media flows (325, 330, 425, 430) for a plurality of wireless transmit/receive units (320 1, 320 2), WTRUs, during a collaborative session in which an inter-WTRU operation is taking place, the method characterized by: a first one of the WTRUs (320 1) transmitting a first message (345, 445) to a session continuity control application server, SCC-AS, the first message (345, 445) including original time synchronization information and a request to perform an operation on the media flows (325, 330, 425, 430), wherein the original time synchronization information indicates the difference between a current playback time and a current timestamp so as to ensure that synchronized playback occurs for the WTRUs (320 1, 320 2), and the current timestamp is a timestamp of a segment relative to the beginning of a media presentation; the SCC-AS updating the original time synchronization information; a second one of the WTRUs (320 2) receiving a second message (355, 455) from the SCC-AS including the request to perform an operation on the media flows (325, 330, 425, 430) and the updated time synchronization information; and the second WTRU (320 2) re-synchronizing its media flow based on the updated time synchronization information. a first one of the WTRUs (320 1) transmitting a first message (345, 445) to a session continuity control application server, SCC-AS, the first message (345, 445) including original time synchronization information and a request to perform an operation on the media flows (325, 330, 425, 430), wherein the original time synchronization information indicates the difference between a current playback time and a current timestamp so as to ensure that synchronized playback occurs for the WTRUs (320 1, 320 2), and the current timestamp is a timestamp of a segment relative to the beginning of a media presentation; the SCC-AS updating the original time synchronization information; a second one of the WTRUs (320 2) receiving a second message (355, 455) from the SCC-AS including the request to perform an operation on the media flows (325, 330, 425, 430) and the updated time synchronization information; and the second WTRU (320 2) re-synchronizing its media flow based on the updated time synchronization information.
A method of authenticating at least one of a pair of first and second correspondents C and T in a data communication system, said first correspondent C comprising a smart card with limited computing power and said second correspondent T comprising a card reader arranged to authenticate a plurality of said smart cards, said second correspondent T having a secret key t, said first correspondent C having a public key C and a pre-stored shared secret ss derived from combining said secret key t and said public key C, said method comprising the steps of: said first correspondent C providing said public key to said second correspondent T; said first correspondent C obtaining a challenge value χ generated by said second correspondent T; said first correspondent C computing a challenge response k c using said challenge value χ and said shared secret in a one-way function f 1; and said first correspondent C sending said challenge response k c to said second correspondent T to enable said second correspondent T to verify said first correspondent C by comparing said challenge response k c to a response verification value k t generated by said second correspondent T using said challenge value χ and said shared secret in said one-way function f 1, said shared secret having been computed by said second correspondent T using said secret key t and said public key provided by said first correspondent C. said first correspondent C providing said public key to said second correspondent T; said first correspondent C obtaining a challenge value χ generated by said second correspondent T; said first correspondent C computing a challenge response k c using said challenge value χ and said shared secret in a one-way function f 1; and said first correspondent C sending said challenge response k c to said second correspondent T to enable said second correspondent T to verify said first correspondent C by comparing said challenge response k c to a response verification value k t generated by said second correspondent T using said challenge value χ and said shared secret in said one-way function f 1, said shared secret having been computed by said second correspondent T using said secret key t and said public key provided by said first correspondent C.
An electromechanical switching device for breaking an electric current, the switching device comprising: - a stationary main contact; - a movable main contact; - a stationary arcing contact; - a movable arcing contact, the stationary arcing contact and the movable arcing contact being arranged in parallel with the stationary main contact and the movable main contact; - an actuating arrangement configured to move the movable main contact relative to the stationary main contact between a closed position, in contact with the stationary main contact, and an open position, separated from the stationary main contact, and configured to move the movable arcing contact linearly relative to the stationary arcing contact between a closed position, in contact with the stationary arcing contact, and an open position, separated from the stationary arcing contact; characterised by - a magnetic member arranged to generate a magnetic holding force in response to an electric current flow through the movable arcing contact when the movable arcing contact is in the closed position, the magnetic holding force acting on the movable arcing contact in a direction against the stationary arcing contact. - a stationary main contact; - a movable main contact; - a stationary arcing contact; - a movable arcing contact, the stationary arcing contact and the movable arcing contact being arranged in parallel with the stationary main contact and the movable main contact; - an actuating arrangement configured to move the movable main contact relative to the stationary main contact between a closed position, in contact with the stationary main contact, and an open position, separated from the stationary main contact, and configured to move the movable arcing contact linearly relative to the stationary arcing contact between a closed position, in contact with the stationary arcing contact, and an open position, separated from the stationary arcing contact; characterised by - a magnetic member arranged to generate a magnetic holding force in response to an electric current flow through the movable arcing contact when the movable arcing contact is in the closed position, the magnetic holding force acting on the movable arcing contact in a direction against the stationary arcing contact.
A process for purifying a product solution comprising a water-soluble product compound, and silica species selected from at least one of soluble monosilicic acid, soluble polymeric silica or colloidal silica, the process comprising: processing the product solution in a nanofiltration membrane apparatus to separate the product solution into a permeate stream comprising silica species having a molecular weight below the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane and a retentate stream comprising the product compound and silica species having a molecular weight above the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane: and loading the retentate stream on a chromatographic apparatus containing a stationary phase and separating the product compound from the silica species having a molecular weight above the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane to form a chromatographic product compound stream and a chromatographic silica stream containing the silica species having a molecular weight above the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane, and wherein the product compound is purifiable by the reverse phase chromatography and has a molecular weight in excess of 400 Daltons. processing the product solution in a nanofiltration membrane apparatus to separate the product solution into a permeate stream comprising silica species having a molecular weight below the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane and a retentate stream comprising the product compound and silica species having a molecular weight above the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane: and loading the retentate stream on a chromatographic apparatus containing a stationary phase and separating the product compound from the silica species having a molecular weight above the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane to form a chromatographic product compound stream and a chromatographic silica stream containing the silica species having a molecular weight above the molecular weight cut-off of the membrane, and wherein the product compound is purifiable by the reverse phase chromatography and has a molecular weight in excess of 400 Daltons.
Fermentation assembly with at least one fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx) for receiving fermentation material wherein the at least one fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx) is a box-like fermenter (F1, F2,...,Fx) with at least one opening on the end side through which a distributor device for distributing the fermentation material, which is to be introduced, can be inserted into the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx) and can be removed therefrom, wherein the distributor device is mounted displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx) and has a conveying element which receives the fermentation material and discharges it at a predetermined place in the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx), wherein the conveying element or the distributor device is mounted movable in at least one plane parallel to the base of the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx), characterised in that the fermentation assembly has a transport device by means of which the distributor device is movable in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx), and the conveying element has conveying portions (5b, 5c, 5d) which are telescopic in the longitudinal direction of the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx) and which are displaceable relative to the transport device and can be extended into the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx), and wherein the conveying element has a pivotal discharge portion which is mounted pivotal about a first axis (Sz) perpendicular to the base of the fermenter (F1, F2,..., Fx).
Double-jointed coupling comprising a hollow pinion shaft, which is connected to an internal tooth arrangement, and an intermediate shaft, which is connected to a coupling tooth arrangement for engagement into the internal tooth arrangement, wherein the coupling tooth arrangement is formed on the intermediate shaft for being passed through the hollow pinion shaft, wherein a thrust ring, which is designed to be passed through the hollow pinion shaft, is arranged in a region of the coupling tooth arrangement on the intermediate shaft, characterized in that the thrust ring has an external face, on which at least one sealing element is arranged.
An air moving appliance comprising: an electric motor coupled to a fan, a control system (82, 114) for controlling the electric motor the control system (82, 114) including: monitoring means configured to monitor a motor load parameter; memory means configured to store a predetermined reference motor load parameter value; compensating means that determines a compensated reference motor load parameter value based on the predetermined reference motor load parameter value and a set of ambient environment input conditions; comparison means configured to compare the motor load parameter and the compensated reference motor load parameter value and trigger an operational event dependent upon the result of the comparison. an electric motor coupled to a fan, a control system (82, 114) for controlling the electric motor the control system (82, 114) including: monitoring means configured to monitor a motor load parameter; memory means configured to store a predetermined reference motor load parameter value; compensating means that determines a compensated reference motor load parameter value based on the predetermined reference motor load parameter value and a set of ambient environment input conditions; comparison means configured to compare the motor load parameter and the compensated reference motor load parameter value and trigger an operational event dependent upon the result of the comparison. monitoring means configured to monitor a motor load parameter; memory means configured to store a predetermined reference motor load parameter value; compensating means that determines a compensated reference motor load parameter value based on the predetermined reference motor load parameter value and a set of ambient environment input conditions; comparison means configured to compare the motor load parameter and the compensated reference motor load parameter value and trigger an operational event dependent upon the result of the comparison.
An oil scraper ring comprising a ring element, which has an upper ring flank, a lower ring flank, a ring inner side and a ring outer side, wherein the ring element is provided with two opposite contact surfaces, between which a ring gap is located, wherein the ring element is provided with at least one scraper bar (24, 26) on the ring outer side, and wherein, in the region of the contact surfaces, the oil scraper ring is in each case provided with two recesses, which each adjoin at least the ring outer side, the respective contact surface and the upper ring flank, characterized in that, in the region spaced apart from the ring gap, the oil scraper ring is provided with at least one further radial recess, which extends at the upper ring flank from the ring outer side in the direction of the ring inner side. an upper ring flank, a lower ring flank, a ring inner side and a ring outer side, wherein the ring element is provided with two opposite contact surfaces, between which a ring gap is located, wherein the ring element is provided with at least one scraper bar (24, 26) on the ring outer side, and wherein, in the region of the contact surfaces, the oil scraper ring is in each case provided with two recesses, which each adjoin at least the ring outer side, the respective contact surface and the upper ring flank, characterized in that, in the region spaced apart from the ring gap, the oil scraper ring is provided with at least one further radial recess, which extends at the upper ring flank from the ring outer side in the direction of the ring inner side.