A method for polar coding, wherein the method comprises: determining (301, 303) K information bit positions of K information bits, wherein the information bit positions are determined based on reliability of polar channels, wherein the K is a positive integer; and polar encoding the K information bits and J' parity check bits based on the K information bit positions and the J' parity check bit positions, to obtain encoded bits; wherein the method is characterized in: determining a length M of bit sequence after rate matching on the encoded bits, determining whether M-K > 192, if M-K is larger than 192, a number of F check bit positions is 1, and if M-K is less than or equal to 192, the number of F check bit positions is 0; determining F check bit positions of the J' parity check bits in a first bit position set and remaining E check bit positions of the J' parity check bits in a second bit position set wherein J'=E+F, wherein both the first bit position set and the second bit position set are determined from the most reliable bit positions in descending order of the reliability of the polar channels and include the bit positions corresponding to the row vectors whose row weights are of a minimum row weight, w min or 2 ∗ w min, of row vectors in a polar code generator matrix that are corresponding to K most reliable bit positions, a quantity of bit positions in the first bit position set is different from a quantity of bit positions in the second bit position set, and determining E check bit positions of remaining E parity check bits of the J' parity check bits based on reliability in the second bit position set, wherein E>0, J' is a positive integer, and determining, based on the check bit positions, information bit positions in the first bit position set and in the second bit position set that are not determined as check bit positions. determining (301, 303) K information bit positions of K information bits, wherein the information bit positions are determined based on reliability of polar channels, wherein the K is a positive integer; and polar encoding the K information bits and J' parity check bits based on the K information bit positions and the J' parity check bit positions, to obtain encoded bits; wherein the method is characterized in: determining a length M of bit sequence after rate matching on the encoded bits, determining whether M-K > 192, if M-K is larger than 192, a number of F check bit positions is 1, and if M-K is less than or equal to 192, the number of F check bit positions is 0; determining F check bit positions of the J' parity check bits in a first bit position set and remaining E check bit positions of the J' parity check bits in a second bit position set wherein J'=E+F, wherein both the first bit position set and the second bit position set are determined from the most reliable bit positions in descending order of the reliability of the polar channels and include the bit positions corresponding to the row vectors whose row weights are of a minimum row weight, w min or 2 ∗ w min, of row vectors in a polar code generator matrix that are corresponding to K most reliable bit positions, a quantity of bit positions in the first bit position set is different from a quantity of bit positions in the second bit position set, and determining E check bit positions of remaining E parity check bits of the J' parity check bits based on reliability in the second bit position set, wherein E>0, J' is a positive integer, and determining, based on the check bit positions, information bit positions in the first bit position set and in the second bit position set that are not determined as check bit positions. determining a length M of bit sequence after rate matching on the encoded bits, determining whether M-K > 192, if M-K is larger than 192, a number of F check bit positions is 1, and if M-K is less than or equal to 192, the number of F check bit positions is 0; determining F check bit positions of the J' parity check bits in a first bit position set and remaining E check bit positions of the J' parity check bits in a second bit position set wherein J'=E+F, wherein both the first bit position set and the second bit position set are determined from the most reliable bit positions in descending order of the reliability of the polar channels and include the bit positions corresponding to the row vectors whose row weights are of a minimum row weight, w min or 2 ∗ w min, of row vectors in a polar code generator matrix that are corresponding to K most reliable bit positions, a quantity of bit positions in the first bit position set is different from a quantity of bit positions in the second bit position set, and determining E check bit positions of remaining E parity check bits of the J' parity check bits based on reliability in the second bit position set, wherein E>0, J' is a positive integer, and determining, based on the check bit positions, information bit positions in the first bit position set and in the second bit position set that are not determined as check bit positions.