A polar code rate matching apparatus, characterized by comprising: a first determining unit, configured to determine a first sequence according to the following formulas representing a Mersenne twister algorithm: X k + n: = X k + m ⊕ X k w − r | X k + 1 r A V k: = X k + n ⊕ X k + n > > u H k: = V k ⊕ V k < < s & B Y k: = H k ⊕ H k < < t & C Z k: = Y k ⊕ Y k > > l wherein X 0, X 1,..., X n -1 are n non-zero original integers, the non-zero original integer has w digits, X k w − r | X k + 1 r represents an integer that has w digits and that is formed by sequentially splicing first (w - r) digits of X k and last r digits of X k +1, A = 1 1 ⋱ 1 a w − 1 a w − 2...... a 0, a w -1, a w- 2,... a 0 are specific parameters used for bit shifting, n, m, w, r, u, s, t, and l are specific positive integers, m is less than n, r is less than w, B and C are specific sequences, k is successively 0, 1,..., N -1, N is a code length of a target polar code generated by polar code encoding processing on information that needs to be sent to a receive end; and Z 1, Z 2,··· Z N form the first sequence of the code length N; a sorting unit, configured to perform, according to a preset rule, sorting processing on the first sequence determined by the first determining unit, to determine a second sequence, wherein the preset rule is: sorting elements in ascending order, sorting elements in descending order, or sorting some elements in ascending order and sorting the other elements in descending order; a second determining unit, configured to determine a mapping function according to the first sequence determined by the first determining unit and the second sequence determined by the sorting unit, wherein the mapping function is a function that indicates a mapping relationship between the positions of each element in the first sequence and in the second sequence; an interleaving unit, configured to interleave the target polar code according to the mapping function determined by the second determining unit, to generate interleaved output bits, such that a bit value of each bit of the interleaved output bits corresponds to a bit value of the target polar code at the position indicated by the mapping relationship; and a third determining unit, configured to determine a start position of a sending bit in the interleaved output bits, wherein the sending bit is a bit that needs to be transmitted in a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, transmission. a first determining unit, configured to determine a first sequence according to the following formulas representing a Mersenne twister algorithm: X k + n: = X k + m ⊕ X k w − r | X k + 1 r A V k: = X k + n ⊕ X k + n > > u H k: = V k ⊕ V k < < s & B Y k: = H k ⊕ H k < < t & C Z k: = Y k ⊕ Y k > > l wherein X 0, X 1,..., X n -1 are n non-zero original integers, the non-zero original integer has w digits, X k w − r | X k + 1 r represents an integer that has w digits and that is formed by sequentially splicing first (w - r) digits of X k and last r digits of X k +1, A = 1 1 ⋱ 1 a w − 1 a w − 2...... a 0, a w -1, a w- 2,... a 0 are specific parameters used for bit shifting, n, m, w, r, u, s, t, and l are specific positive integers, m is less than n, r is less than w, B and C are specific sequences, k is successively 0, 1,..., N -1, N is a code length of a target polar code generated by polar code encoding processing on information that needs to be sent to a receive end; and Z 1, Z 2,··· Z N form the first sequence of the code length N; a sorting unit, configured to perform, according to a preset rule, sorting processing on the first sequence determined by the first determining unit, to determine a second sequence, wherein the preset rule is: sorting elements in ascending order, sorting elements in descending order, or sorting some elements in ascending order and sorting the other elements in descending order; a second determining unit, configured to determine a mapping function according to the first sequence determined by the first determining unit and the second sequence determined by the sorting unit, wherein the mapping function is a function that indicates a mapping relationship between the positions of each element in the first sequence and in the second sequence; an interleaving unit, configured to interleave the target polar code according to the mapping function determined by the second determining unit, to generate interleaved output bits, such that a bit value of each bit of the interleaved output bits corresponds to a bit value of the target polar code at the position indicated by the mapping relationship; and a third determining unit, configured to determine a start position of a sending bit in the interleaved output bits, wherein the sending bit is a bit that needs to be transmitted in a hybrid automatic repeat request, HARQ, transmission.