A carbon dioxide permeation device, comprising: a first gas diffusion electrode; a second gas diffusion electrode; an electrolyte membrane which is in contact with and between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode and is an anion exchange membrane; a DC power source configured to apply a voltage between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode; and a catalyst, the carbon dioxide permeation device being configured to: accelerate absorption of carbon dioxide into the electrolyte membrane from gas in a vicinity of the first gas diffusion electrode so as to decrease a carbon dioxide concentration of the gas in the vicinity of the first gas diffusion electrode; and accelerate emission of carbon dioxide from the electrolyte membrane to gas in a vicinity of the second gas diffusion electrode by causing an oxidation reaction of water in the electrolyte membrane so as to enrich carbon dioxide in the gas in the vicinity of the second gas diffusion electrode, wherein: the electrolyte membrane has opposite faces which are in contact with the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode, respectively; and the catalyst is supported on at least one of the opposite faces of the electrolyte membrane. a first gas diffusion electrode; a second gas diffusion electrode; an electrolyte membrane which is in contact with and between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode and is an anion exchange membrane; a DC power source configured to apply a voltage between the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode; and a catalyst, the carbon dioxide permeation device being configured to: accelerate absorption of carbon dioxide into the electrolyte membrane from gas in a vicinity of the first gas diffusion electrode so as to decrease a carbon dioxide concentration of the gas in the vicinity of the first gas diffusion electrode; and accelerate emission of carbon dioxide from the electrolyte membrane to gas in a vicinity of the second gas diffusion electrode by causing an oxidation reaction of water in the electrolyte membrane so as to enrich carbon dioxide in the gas in the vicinity of the second gas diffusion electrode, wherein: the electrolyte membrane has opposite faces which are in contact with the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode, respectively; and the catalyst is supported on at least one of the opposite faces of the electrolyte membrane. accelerate absorption of carbon dioxide into the electrolyte membrane from gas in a vicinity of the first gas diffusion electrode so as to decrease a carbon dioxide concentration of the gas in the vicinity of the first gas diffusion electrode; and accelerate emission of carbon dioxide from the electrolyte membrane to gas in a vicinity of the second gas diffusion electrode by causing an oxidation reaction of water in the electrolyte membrane so as to enrich carbon dioxide in the gas in the vicinity of the second gas diffusion electrode, wherein: the electrolyte membrane has opposite faces which are in contact with the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode, respectively; and the catalyst is supported on at least one of the opposite faces of the electrolyte membrane. the electrolyte membrane has opposite faces which are in contact with the first gas diffusion electrode and the second gas diffusion electrode, respectively; and the catalyst is supported on at least one of the opposite faces of the electrolyte membrane.