Process for etching phosphate ore, comprising: - digestion of phosphate ore by an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, with formation of an etching liquor composed of an aqueous phase, in which calcium phosphate is in solution, and of an insoluble solid phase, containing impurities, - a first separation between the insoluble solid phase and the aqueous phase of the etching liquor, - a preliminary neutralization of an aqueous medium containing calcium phosphate in solution to a first pH lower than the pH at which a significant part of this calcium phosphate in solution precipitates in the form of calcium monohydrogenphosphate, with precipitation of impurities, - isolation of the impurities precipitated from the preliminarily neutralized aqueous medium, - subsequent neutralization of the said preliminarily neutralized aqueous medium to a second pH greater than the first abovesaid pH, with precipitation of DCP, and - a second separation between the subsequently neutralized aqueous medium, which is an aqueous calcium chloride solution, and precipitated DCP, characterized in that it comprises digestion, in one stage and cocurrentwise, of phosphate ore exhibiting a P 2 O 5 content of greater than 20% by weight by an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution exhibiting an HCl concentration of less than 10% by weight and in that, in order to achieve the said first pH, the said preliminary neutralization is carried out before the said first separation in the said etching liquor as aqueous medium containing calcium phosphate in solution, the isolation of the precipitated impurities taking place during the said first separation of the said insoluble solid phase, and the said preliminarily neutralized aqueous medium is subjected to the said subsequent neutralization being formed of the separated aqueous phase resulting from the first separation. - digestion of phosphate ore by an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution, with formation of an etching liquor composed of an aqueous phase, in which calcium phosphate is in solution, and of an insoluble solid phase, containing impurities, - a first separation between the insoluble solid phase and the aqueous phase of the etching liquor, - a preliminary neutralization of an aqueous medium containing calcium phosphate in solution to a first pH lower than the pH at which a significant part of this calcium phosphate in solution precipitates in the form of calcium monohydrogenphosphate, with precipitation of impurities, - isolation of the impurities precipitated from the preliminarily neutralized aqueous medium, - subsequent neutralization of the said preliminarily neutralized aqueous medium to a second pH greater than the first abovesaid pH, with precipitation of DCP, and - a second separation between the subsequently neutralized aqueous medium, which is an aqueous calcium chloride solution, and precipitated DCP, characterized in that it comprises digestion, in one stage and cocurrentwise, of phosphate ore exhibiting a P 2 O 5 content of greater than 20% by weight by an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution exhibiting an HCl concentration of less than 10% by weight and in that, in order to achieve the said first pH, the said preliminary neutralization is carried out before the said first separation in the said etching liquor as aqueous medium containing calcium phosphate in solution, the isolation of the precipitated impurities taking place during the said first separation of the said insoluble solid phase, and the said preliminarily neutralized aqueous medium is subjected to the said subsequent neutralization being formed of the separated aqueous phase resulting from the first separation.