A piezoelectric transducer, comprising: a vibrating element (202, 242) comprising a drive electrode (214, 254), a reference electrode (212, 252), and a piezoelectric element (210, 250) disposed between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode, wherein a dielectric membrane (224, 264) is disposed between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252); and a base (208, 248) supporting the vibrating element (202, 242) on a first surface of the base (208, 248) and including integrated circuitry (230, 270) electrically connected to the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252) of the vibrating element (202, 242), wherein the drive electrode (214, 254), the reference electrode (212, 252), and the piezoelectric element (210, 250) each include a respective flexible portion and a respective stationary portion connected to the respective flexible portion, wherein the flexible portions of the drive electrode (214, 254), reference electrode (212, 252), and piezoelectric element (210, 250) are suspended over a same area of the first surface and are curved in a first direction relative to the first surface of the base (208, 248) in the absence of an applied voltage between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252), wherein the flexible portions of the reference electrode (212, 252), drive electrode (214, 254), and piezoelectric element (210, 250) deflects in response to a driving voltage applied between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252), wherein the transducer has an exposed outer surface facing a direction pointing from the base (208, 248) to the vibrating element (202, 242), and the exposed outer surface of the transducer includes an outer surface of the vibrating element (202, 242) or an outer surface of a flexible film covering the outer surface of the vibrating element (202, 242), wherein the exposed outer surface of the transducer device deflects in conformity with the deflection of the flexible portions of the reference electrode (212, 252), drive electrode (214, 254), and piezoelectric element (210, 250), and wherein the piezoelectric element (210, 250) includes a respective curved portion (218, 258) surrounded by a respective planar portion (220, 260), wherein the respective planar portion (220, 260) and a peripheral portion (238, 278) of the respective curved portion (218, 258) of the piezoelectric element (210, 250) form the respective stationary portion of the piezoelectric element (210, 250), and wherein the dielectric membrane (224, 264) insulates the reference electrode (212, 252) from the piezoelectric element (210, 250) in areas of the stationary portion. a vibrating element (202, 242) comprising a drive electrode (214, 254), a reference electrode (212, 252), and a piezoelectric element (210, 250) disposed between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode, wherein a dielectric membrane (224, 264) is disposed between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252); and a base (208, 248) supporting the vibrating element (202, 242) on a first surface of the base (208, 248) and including integrated circuitry (230, 270) electrically connected to the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252) of the vibrating element (202, 242), wherein the drive electrode (214, 254), the reference electrode (212, 252), and the piezoelectric element (210, 250) each include a respective flexible portion and a respective stationary portion connected to the respective flexible portion, wherein the flexible portions of the drive electrode (214, 254), reference electrode (212, 252), and piezoelectric element (210, 250) are suspended over a same area of the first surface and are curved in a first direction relative to the first surface of the base (208, 248) in the absence of an applied voltage between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252), wherein the flexible portions of the reference electrode (212, 252), drive electrode (214, 254), and piezoelectric element (210, 250) deflects in response to a driving voltage applied between the drive electrode (214, 254) and the reference electrode (212, 252), wherein the transducer has an exposed outer surface facing a direction pointing from the base (208, 248) to the vibrating element (202, 242), and the exposed outer surface of the transducer includes an outer surface of the vibrating element (202, 242) or an outer surface of a flexible film covering the outer surface of the vibrating element (202, 242), wherein the exposed outer surface of the transducer device deflects in conformity with the deflection of the flexible portions of the reference electrode (212, 252), drive electrode (214, 254), and piezoelectric element (210, 250), and wherein the piezoelectric element (210, 250) includes a respective curved portion (218, 258) surrounded by a respective planar portion (220, 260), wherein the respective planar portion (220, 260) and a peripheral portion (238, 278) of the respective curved portion (218, 258) of the piezoelectric element (210, 250) form the respective stationary portion of the piezoelectric element (210, 250), and wherein the dielectric membrane (224, 264) insulates the reference electrode (212, 252) from the piezoelectric element (210, 250) in areas of the stationary portion.