A method of fabricating a target bolus for use in radiation therapy, the method comprising: receiving three-dimensional scan data of a target radiation treatment area of a patient; performing a first dose calculation associated with a treatment goal, which includes delivering an adequate dose to the planning target volume of the patient while minimizing the dose to surrounding healthy tissues, wherein the first dose calculation is performed in the absence of a bolus; creating, via a processor and based on the three-dimensional scan data, the planning target volume, and the first dose calculation, a model for the target bolus, wherein a patient-facing side of the target bolus is shaped to conform to a skin surface of the patient; performing a second dose calculation for the treatment goal for the planning target volume, wherein the second dose calculation is performed based on the presence of the target bolus according to the model; determining whether the second dose calculation meets conditions associated with the treatment goal; in the event that the second dose calculation fails to meet the conditions associated with the treatment goal: a) modifying the model for the target bolus, wherein modifying the model comprises one or more of: reducing one or more hot spots and/or one or more cool spots; improving dose coverage relative to the planning target volume; reducing surface irregularity; modifying the model based on an analysis of a margin of the planning target volume; and improving conformity of the dose distribution at edges of the planning target volume; b) performing an additional dose calculation for the treatment goal for the planning target volume, wherein the additional dose calculation is performed based on the presence of the target bolus according to the model after modification thereof; and c) in the event that the additional dose calculation fails to meet the conditions associated with the treatment goal, repeating steps (a) and (b) one or more times until the conditions associated with the treatment goal are met; and fabricating the target bolus according to the model. receiving three-dimensional scan data of a target radiation treatment area of a patient; performing a first dose calculation associated with a treatment goal, which includes delivering an adequate dose to the planning target volume of the patient while minimizing the dose to surrounding healthy tissues, wherein the first dose calculation is performed in the absence of a bolus; creating, via a processor and based on the three-dimensional scan data, the planning target volume, and the first dose calculation, a model for the target bolus, wherein a patient-facing side of the target bolus is shaped to conform to a skin surface of the patient; performing a second dose calculation for the treatment goal for the planning target volume, wherein the second dose calculation is performed based on the presence of the target bolus according to the model; determining whether the second dose calculation meets conditions associated with the treatment goal; in the event that the second dose calculation fails to meet the conditions associated with the treatment goal: a) modifying the model for the target bolus, wherein modifying the model comprises one or more of: reducing one or more hot spots and/or one or more cool spots; improving dose coverage relative to the planning target volume; reducing surface irregularity; modifying the model based on an analysis of a margin of the planning target volume; and improving conformity of the dose distribution at edges of the planning target volume; b) performing an additional dose calculation for the treatment goal for the planning target volume, wherein the additional dose calculation is performed based on the presence of the target bolus according to the model after modification thereof; and c) in the event that the additional dose calculation fails to meet the conditions associated with the treatment goal, repeating steps (a) and (b) one or more times until the conditions associated with the treatment goal are met; and a) modifying the model for the target bolus, wherein modifying the model comprises one or more of: reducing one or more hot spots and/or one or more cool spots; improving dose coverage relative to the planning target volume; reducing surface irregularity; modifying the model based on an analysis of a margin of the planning target volume; and improving conformity of the dose distribution at edges of the planning target volume; reducing one or more hot spots and/or one or more cool spots; improving dose coverage relative to the planning target volume; reducing surface irregularity; modifying the model based on an analysis of a margin of the planning target volume; and improving conformity of the dose distribution at edges of the planning target volume; b) performing an additional dose calculation for the treatment goal for the planning target volume, wherein the additional dose calculation is performed based on the presence of the target bolus according to the model after modification thereof; and c) in the event that the additional dose calculation fails to meet the conditions associated with the treatment goal, repeating steps (a) and (b) one or more times until the conditions associated with the treatment goal are met; and fabricating the target bolus according to the model.