mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
A method comprising: a) pretreating a lignocellulosic material with a pretreatment solution comprising an alkylene carbonate in an amount of 45% to 99% by weight of the pretreatment solution, an acid catalyst in an amount of 0.1 % to 2% by weight of the pretreatment solution, and water in an amount of 0% to 5% by weight of the pretreatment solution, wherein the pretreating step is carried out at a temperature from 50°C to 100°C, thereby producing a pretreated partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material; and b) enzymatically hydrolyzing the pretreated partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material to produce a fermentable sugar. a) pretreating a lignocellulosic material with a pretreatment solution comprising an alkylene carbonate in an amount of 45% to 99% by weight of the pretreatment solution, an acid catalyst in an amount of 0.1 % to 2% by weight of the pretreatment solution, and water in an amount of 0% to 5% by weight of the pretreatment solution, wherein the pretreating step is carried out at a temperature from 50°C to 100°C, thereby producing a pretreated partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material; and b) enzymatically hydrolyzing the pretreated partially hydrolyzed lignocellulosic material to produce a fermentable sugar.
A method for operating a wireless network, especially a Wi-Fi technology based network, wherein the network is comprising at least one wireless device for transmission of data, wherein the device uses a data or frame aggregation technique to provide an adjustable amount of aggregation, wherein the amount of aggregation provided by the aggregation technique will be adjusted depending on a level of congestion in the network, wherein - based on one or more definable thresholds - the amount of aggregation will be increased when the level of congestion in the network increases and/or wherein - based on one or more definable thresholds - the amount of aggregation will be reduced when the level of congestion in the network decreases, wherein the at least one wireless device keeps a service interval SI used to time the transmission of data or frames, wherein data or frames are only transmitted at times (t_last + SI), where t_last is the time from the last transmission, and wherein SI will be increased when the congestion in the network increases.
A communication system comprising: one or more wireless access nodes of a first communication service provider and at least one server associated with a second communication service provider, interconnected via a packet-based network; and a wireless user terminal operable to establish a session with one of the wireless access nodes of the first communication service provider, the wireless user terminal comprising a processor and a storage medium installed with an application of the second communication service provider, wherein said application is configured so as when executed on the processor to: in event of failure to establish a session via one of the wireless access nodes of the first communication service provider, store information regarding the failed session at the wireless user terminal; and in event of subsequent access to the packet-based network, transmit said information regarding the failed session to the at least one server associated with the second communication service provider over the packet-based network. one or more wireless access nodes of a first communication service provider and at least one server associated with a second communication service provider, interconnected via a packet-based network; and a wireless user terminal operable to establish a session with one of the wireless access nodes of the first communication service provider, the wireless user terminal comprising a processor and a storage medium installed with an application of the second communication service provider, wherein said application is configured so as when executed on the processor to: in event of failure to establish a session via one of the wireless access nodes of the first communication service provider, store information regarding the failed session at the wireless user terminal; and in event of subsequent access to the packet-based network, transmit said information regarding the failed session to the at least one server associated with the second communication service provider over the packet-based network. in event of failure to establish a session via one of the wireless access nodes of the first communication service provider, store information regarding the failed session at the wireless user terminal; and in event of subsequent access to the packet-based network, transmit said information regarding the failed session to the at least one server associated with the second communication service provider over the packet-based network.
A medical device having improved surface hardness and wear resistance properties, said medical device comprising a body that includes a molybdenum-rhenium alloy, and a nitride surface layer that includes nitrogen, molybdenum, and rhenium, wherein said body of said medical device that includes said molybdenum-rhenium alloy is exposed to nitrogen gas, or to a nitrogen mixture that includes hydrogen for at least about one minute at a temperature of at least about 400°C, and wherein a weight percent of nitrogen in said nitride surface layer is less than a weight percent of said molybdenum, said weight percent of nitrogen in said nitride surface layer is less than a weight percent of said rhenium, wherein said nitride surface layer comprises 40-99 wt.% molybdenum, 1-40 wt.% rhenium, and 0.0001-5 wt.% nitrogen, wherein said nitride surface layer resulting in enhanced wear resistance properties to said medical device as compared to a similar molybdenum alloy that is absent said nitride surface layer, extends a life of said orthopedic medical device, increases a wear life of mating surfaces on the orthopaedic medical device, and reduces particulate generation from use of said orthopaedic medical device, said orthopaedic medical device being mated with a liner of a joint implant, said nitride surface layer of said orthopaedic medical device engaging said liner and said orthopaedic medical device selected from a joint implant, said joint implant is a knee implant, hip implant, shoulder implant, ankle implant, wrist implant, or elbow implant.
A method for specifically purifying a coagulation factor, from a biological solution obtained from a non-human transgenic animal which contains said coagulation factor and which may contain a protein homologous to said coagulation factor, the method comprising the steps of: a) providing a solid support comprising a DNA aptamer immobilized onto said solid support through a spacer, characterized in that said immobilized aptamer specifically binds to said coagulation factor but does not bind to a protein homologous to said coagulation factor, b) contacting said solid support with said biological solution, and c) recovering the coagulation factor bound to said aptamer. a) providing a solid support comprising a DNA aptamer immobilized onto said solid support through a spacer, characterized in that said immobilized aptamer specifically binds to said coagulation factor but does not bind to a protein homologous to said coagulation factor, b) contacting said solid support with said biological solution, and c) recovering the coagulation factor bound to said aptamer.
A method of operating a base station in a wireless telecommunication system comprising transmitting, to a terminal device, at least one of a plurality of blocks of system information at predetermined times, the blocks of system information including i) first scheduling information relating to the timing of at least one additional block of system information and ii) a marker indicating the presence of second scheduling information, wherein the second scheduling information provides an instruction to the terminal device relating to reception of at least one further block of system information, wherein the marker instructs the terminal device to ignore the first scheduling information and receive only the second scheduling information.
A solid Ziegler-Natta catalyst component comprising a transition metal compound of Groups 4 to 6, and an internal organic compound, wherein the internal organic compound is selected from: linear or branched polyalkyleneimines of formula, or isomers or mixtures therefrom H 2 N-(CH 2) a -[(CH 2) b -(N(R 1)-L-) n -(CH 2) c] m -(CH 2) d -NH 2 wherein, each a, b, c and d is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, n is an integer 3 to 7, preferably 4 to 6, m is 2 to 60, each L is independently an alkylene of 1 to 4 C-atoms, preferably an alkylene of 2 C-atoms each R 1 is independently H, or a group -L-(N(R 2) z (R 3) y, wherein L is as defined above, each R 2 and R 3 are independently H or an C 1 to C 4 amino alkyl, and z and y are 0, 1 or 2, provided that the sum z + y is 2; or wherein the internal organic compound is of formula wherein n is approximately 2. each a, b, c and d is an integer of 1 to 4, preferably 1 to 2, n is an integer 3 to 7, preferably 4 to 6, m is 2 to 60, each L is independently an alkylene of 1 to 4 C-atoms, preferably an alkylene of 2 C-atoms each R 1 is independently H, or a group -L-(N(R 2) z (R 3) y, wherein L is as defined above, each R 2 and R 3 are independently H or an C 1 to C 4 amino alkyl, and z and y are 0, 1 or 2, provided that the sum z + y is 2; or wherein the internal organic compound is of formula wherein n is approximately 2.
A liner top packer system comprising: a packer body configured to be secured in a liner string; a pack off element secured to an outer periphery of the packer body; an actuator assembly having an inner piston and an actuator housing disposed in the packer body, and an outer piston; and a packer setting tool disposed at least partially within the packer body and configured to cause movement of the inner piston to transmit fluid to the outer piston through the actuator housing to cause compression of the pack off element to set the pack off element in a casing. a packer body configured to be secured in a liner string; a pack off element secured to an outer periphery of the packer body; an actuator assembly having an inner piston and an actuator housing disposed in the packer body, and an outer piston; and a packer setting tool disposed at least partially within the packer body and configured to cause movement of the inner piston to transmit fluid to the outer piston through the actuator housing to cause compression of the pack off element to set the pack off element in a casing.
An optical amplifier operable to amplify a plurality of optical wavelength signals at least in part through Raman amplification, the amplifier comprising an amplification stage comprising: an input operable to receive a plurality of wavelength signals; an output operable to communicate an amplified version of at least some of the plurality of wavelength signals; a pump assembly operable to generate one or more pump signals; and a gain medium operable to receive the plurality of wavelength signals and the one or more pump signals and to facilitate amplification of at least some of the plurality of wavelength signals; characterised in that the amplifier stage has associated with it a noise figure having a shape varying as a function of wavelength and wherein at least one of the one or more pump signals is operable to have its power varied based at least in part on a signal power of the plurality of wavelength signals at an input of the gain medium of the amplifier stage to approximately maintain an intended shape of the noise figure. an input operable to receive a plurality of wavelength signals; an output operable to communicate an amplified version of at least some of the plurality of wavelength signals; a pump assembly operable to generate one or more pump signals; and a gain medium operable to receive the plurality of wavelength signals and the one or more pump signals and to facilitate amplification of at least some of the plurality of wavelength signals; characterised in that the amplifier stage has associated with it a noise figure having a shape varying as a function of wavelength and wherein at least one of the one or more pump signals is operable to have its power varied based at least in part on a signal power of the plurality of wavelength signals at an input of the gain medium of the amplifier stage to approximately maintain an intended shape of the noise figure.
A semiconductor device fabrication method comprising the steps of: forming a dielectric film on a silicon substrate (11; 45); etching the dielectric film by a dry process to expose a surface of the silicon substrate (11; 45); and supplying thermally decomposed atomic hydrogen onto the exposed surface of the silicon substrate (11; 45), while maintaining the temperature of a susceptor for holding the silicon substrate at or above 170 °C, to remove a damaged layer produced in the silicon substrate (11; 45) due to the dry process, by making use of a difference in etching rate of and crystal plane orientations. forming a dielectric film on a silicon substrate (11; 45); etching the dielectric film by a dry process to expose a surface of the silicon substrate (11; 45); and supplying thermally decomposed atomic hydrogen onto the exposed surface of the silicon substrate (11; 45), while maintaining the temperature of a susceptor for holding the silicon substrate at or above 170 °C, to remove a damaged layer produced in the silicon substrate (11; 45) due to the dry process, by making use of a difference in etching rate of and crystal plane orientations.
Method for galvanic protection of a concrete structure having metallic armatures, the method comprising: - boring holes in the structure; - inserting a first electrode and an electrolyte into at least one of the holes, the first electrode being adapted for the decontamination of the concrete structure; - electrically connecting a negative terminal of a current source to the armatures and the positive terminal of the current source to each first electrode; - activating the current source; - removing the electrolyte and each first electrode; - arranging and sealing sacrificial anodes, distinct from the first electrode, in the holes bored in the structure; and - electrically connecting the sacrificial anodes to the armatures. - boring holes in the structure; - inserting a first electrode and an electrolyte into at least one of the holes, the first electrode being adapted for the decontamination of the concrete structure; - electrically connecting a negative terminal of a current source to the armatures and the positive terminal of the current source to each first electrode; - activating the current source; - removing the electrolyte and each first electrode; - arranging and sealing sacrificial anodes, distinct from the first electrode, in the holes bored in the structure; and - electrically connecting the sacrificial anodes to the armatures.
A rollover safety ring for a vehicle, also known as Body-in-White, the rollover safety ring defining a longitudinal axis, a vertical axis and a transversal axis, the axis (V, T) being orthogonal to each other, and comprising a plurality of structural arches spaced from each other in the longitudinal axis that define an inner safety space, and wherein the structural arches are formed of a plurality of tubular steel profile sections, characterized in that the steel of the tubular steel profile sections comprises an amount of carbon between 0.15% and 0.35% in weight, an amount of boron less than 0.005% in weight and a carbon equivalent content, CE, that is lower than 0.78, the carbon equivalent content being calculated by the formula: CE = % C + % Mn + % Si 6 + % Cr + % Mo 5 wherein %C is a percentage of carbon content in weight, %Mn is a percentage of manganese content in weight, %Si is a percentage of silicon content in weight, %Cr is a percentage of chromium content in weight and %Mo is a percentage of molybdenum content in weight of the steel; and wherein a thickness of the tubular steel profile sections is between 1 mm and 5 mm and a tensile strength of the steel is higher than 1,000 MPa. characterized in that the steel of the tubular steel profile sections comprises an amount of carbon between 0.15% and 0.35% in weight, an amount of boron less than 0.005% in weight and a carbon equivalent content, CE, that is lower than 0.78, the carbon equivalent content being calculated by the formula: CE = % C + % Mn + % Si 6 + % Cr + % Mo 5 wherein %C is a percentage of carbon content in weight, %Mn is a percentage of manganese content in weight, %Si is a percentage of silicon content in weight, %Cr is a percentage of chromium content in weight and %Mo is a percentage of molybdenum content in weight of the steel; and
Method for carrying out optical lithography below the diffraction limit, in which a) a varnish, comprising or consisting of (i) at least a polymerizable monomer, (ii) at least a photodeactivable photoinitiator, (iia) optionally at least a co-initiator (iii) optionally a solvent or a mixture of solvents (iv) optionally other expidients is applied to a substrate, b) the polymerization is initiated at a selected location by light irradiation, preferably a laser, of a first wavelength (excitation light), activating the photoinitiator, and simultaneously or thereafter c) the polymerization is suppressed in the immediate vicinity of the selected location by light irradiation, preferably a laser, of a second wavelength (de-excitation light), deactivating the photoinitiator, in which an interference pattern is generated with the irradiated de-excitation light which at the selected location has an intensity minimum or zero intensity, characterised in that thioxanthones and/or coumarins and/or bis-(Di-N-alcylated) aminobenzophenones are used as photodeactivable photoinitiators. a) a varnish, comprising or consisting of (i) at least a polymerizable monomer, (ii) at least a photodeactivable photoinitiator, (iia) optionally at least a co-initiator (iii) optionally a solvent or a mixture of solvents (iv) optionally other expidients is applied to a substrate, (i) at least a polymerizable monomer, (ii) at least a photodeactivable photoinitiator, (iia) optionally at least a co-initiator (iii) optionally a solvent or a mixture of solvents (iv) optionally other expidients b) the polymerization is initiated at a selected location by light irradiation, preferably a laser, of a first wavelength (excitation light), activating the photoinitiator, and simultaneously or thereafter c) the polymerization is suppressed in the immediate vicinity of the selected location by light irradiation, preferably a laser, of a second wavelength (de-excitation light), deactivating the photoinitiator,
Ammunition (100, 100') for firearms, in particular light firearms, the ammunition (100, 100') defining a longitudinal axis and comprising: - a tubular casing (1, 1') containing gunpowder, provided with a base (3, 3') which delimits a hole (31, 31'); - a primer cartridge which closes said hole (31, 31'); - at least one bullet at least partially arranged in the casing (1, 1'); - a body, or base wad, made of polymeric material, defining a cavity (60, 60'), arranged in the casing (1, 1'); wherein said body comprises a first part having an outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'); and a second part, spaced apart from the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'), formed by a side wall which extends from said first part, and by an upper wall, spaced apart from said first part, transverse to said side wall; characterized in that said side wall is completely closed and comprises one or more portions (71, 72) adapted to break at the detonation of the primer cartridge so as to create a respective passageway (71a, 71b); each portion (71, 72) of said one or more portions (71, 72) having a thickness, orthogonally to the longitudinal axis, which is less than the remaining part of said side wall. - a tubular casing (1, 1') containing gunpowder, provided with a base (3, 3') which delimits a hole (31, 31'); - a primer cartridge which closes said hole (31, 31'); - at least one bullet at least partially arranged in the casing (1, 1'); - a body, or base wad, made of polymeric material, defining a cavity (60, 60'), arranged in the casing (1, 1'); wherein said body comprises a first part having an outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'); and a second part, spaced apart from the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'), formed by a side wall which extends from said first part, and by an upper wall, spaced apart from said first part, transverse to said side wall; characterized in that said side wall is completely closed and comprises one or more portions (71, 72) adapted to break at the detonation of the primer cartridge so as to create a respective passageway (71a, 71b); a first part having an outer surface in contact with the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'); and a second part, spaced apart from the inner surface of the casing (1, 1'), formed by a side wall which extends from said first part, and by an upper wall, spaced apart from said first part, transverse to said side wall; characterized in that said side wall is completely closed and comprises one or more portions (71, 72) adapted to break at the detonation of the primer cartridge so as to create a respective passageway (71a, 71b); each portion (71, 72) of said one or more portions (71, 72) having a thickness, orthogonally to the longitudinal axis, which is less than the remaining part of said side wall.
A rosette device of a handle set that comprises a handle part for a door or a window, comprising a substructure part which can be mounted against a door leaf or window sash and into which a neck of the handle part engages when mounted, and preferably comprising a cover rosette which covers the substructure part, and comprising a return spring mechanism that is accommodated inside the substructure part, applies force and returns the handle part to an initial, non-actuated position, a rotary coupling part, which is different from a square rod for actuating a lock bolt, being provided inside the substructure part to transmit the rotational position of the handle part to an actuator of the return spring mechanism, the actuator of the return spring mechanism being formed by a leaf spring part (26, 28) which can be inserted into the substructure part and is supported against the rotary coupling part on the inside under spring preload by a first supporting portion and is directly or indirectly supported against the substructure part by means of a second support portion or is supported against the cover rosette through the substructure part, characterized in that the leaf spring part (26, 28) has strip-shaped portions arranged to form a honeycomb, and in that the strip-shaped portions arranged to form a honeycomb form parallelogram-shaped and/or diamond-shaped and/or rounded, in particular circular, and/or elongate honeycombs in the leaf spring part (26, 28), and in that the actuator of the return spring mechanism comprises two such leaf spring parts (26, 28), which are arranged on opposite sides of the rotary coupling part, specifically arranged above or below the rotary coupling part in the installed state, and in that the relevant leaf spring part can be clipped into the substructure part when the rotary coupling part is arranged on the neck of the handle part extending into the substructure part in the proper assembled state, whereby the leaf spring part (26, 28) is compressed in parallel with a plane in which the substructure part is mounted on the door leaf or window sash and is then inserted into the substructure part and released.