A panda polarization maintaining optical fiber, comprising: a core layer and a quartz cladding layer successively arranged from the inside to the outside; two stress zones, which are centrosymmetric along the core layer, are provided in the quartz cladding layer; and transition annular regions, which are concentric with the stress zones, are arranged outside the stress zones; the core layer comprises a germanium-doped core layer and a fluorine-doped core layer successively arranged from the inside to the outside; the germanium-doped core layer comprises a flat germanium-doped layer and a gradient germanium-doped layer successively arranged from the inside to the outside, the refractive index profile of the gradient germanium-doped layer is in a parabolic shape, and the refractive index of the gradient germanium-doped layer gradually decreases in a direction away from the flat germanium-doped layer; the fluorine-doped core layer comprises a quartz core layer, a first gradient fluorine-doped layer, a flat fluorine-doped layer and a second gradient fluorine-doped layer successively arranged from the inside to the outside, the refractive index profiles of the first gradient fluorine-doped layer and the second gradient fluorine-doped layer are both in the shape of a curve, and are symmetric to each other along the refractive index profile of the flat fluorine-doped layer, and the refractive index of the first gradient fluorine-doped layer gradually decreases in a direction away from the quartz core layer; wherein a working wavelength of the panda polarization maintaining optical fiber is one of 850nm, 1310nm, or 1550nm and the cut-off wavelength of the panda polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 830nm. two stress zones, which are centrosymmetric along the core layer, are provided in the quartz cladding layer; and transition annular regions, which are concentric with the stress zones, are arranged outside the stress zones; the core layer comprises a germanium-doped core layer and a fluorine-doped core layer successively arranged from the inside to the outside; the germanium-doped core layer comprises a flat germanium-doped layer and a gradient germanium-doped layer successively arranged from the inside to the outside, the refractive index profile of the gradient germanium-doped layer is in a parabolic shape, and the refractive index of the gradient germanium-doped layer gradually decreases in a direction away from the flat germanium-doped layer; the fluorine-doped core layer comprises a quartz core layer, a first gradient fluorine-doped layer, a flat fluorine-doped layer and a second gradient fluorine-doped layer successively arranged from the inside to the outside, the refractive index profiles of the first gradient fluorine-doped layer and the second gradient fluorine-doped layer are both in the shape of a curve, and are symmetric to each other along the refractive index profile of the flat fluorine-doped layer, and the refractive index of the first gradient fluorine-doped layer gradually decreases in a direction away from the quartz core layer; wherein a working wavelength of the panda polarization maintaining optical fiber is one of 850nm, 1310nm, or 1550nm and the cut-off wavelength of the panda polarization maintaining optical fiber is less than 830nm.