Filter device for a vacuum cleaner having a turbine device for generating at least one first and one second main air stream (8a, 8b) through at least one sub-region of the vacuum cleaner, and having a control unit, characterized by - a first chamber with a first filter element, a first outflow opening, a first incoming-flow opening and a first pressure surge element which subdivides the first chamber into a first and a second space (23a, 24a) and which is reversibly movable between a first and a second position, wherein the first main air stream is able to flow into the first space of the first chamber through the first filter element and is able to flow out again from the first outflow opening; - a second chamber with a second filter element, a second outflow opening, a second incoming-flow opening and a second pressure surge element which subdivides the second chamber into a first space and a second space (23b, 24b) and which is reversibly movable between a first position and a second position, wherein the second main air stream is able to flow into the first space of the second chamber through the second filter element and is able to flow out again from the second outflow opening; wherein the first outflow opening and the first filter element are positioned at the first space of the first chamber in such a way that a negative pressure able to be generated by the first main air stream moves the first pressure surge element into the first position, and the second outflow opening and the second filter element are positioned at the first space of the second chamber in such a way that a negative pressure able to be generated by the second main air stream moves the second pressure surge element into the first position; wherein the first incoming-flow opening is positioned at the second space of the first chamber in such a way that an atmospheric pressure acting on the second space of the first chamber by way of the incoming-flow opening moves the first pressure surge element into the second position, whereby an impulse is transferred from the first pressure surge element to the first filter element for abrupt cleaning of the first filter element, and the second incoming-flow opening is positioned at the second space of the second chamber in such a way that an atmospheric pressure acting on the second space of the second chamber by way of the second incoming-flow opening moves the second pressure surge element into the second position, whereby an impulse is transferred from the second pressure surge element to the second filter element for abrupt cleaning of the second filter element, and wherein the first pressure surge element and the second pressure surge element, in an alternating manner, are reversibly movable from the first position into the second position for alternating cleaning of the first and second filter elements (22a, 22b). - a first chamber with a first filter element, a first outflow opening, a first incoming-flow opening and a first pressure surge element which subdivides the first chamber into a first and a second space (23a, 24a) and which is reversibly movable between a first and a second position, wherein the first main air stream is able to flow into the first space of the first chamber through the first filter element and is able to flow out again from the first outflow opening; - a second chamber with a second filter element, a second outflow opening, a second incoming-flow opening and a second pressure surge element which subdivides the second chamber into a first space and a second space (23b, 24b) and which is reversibly movable between a first position and a second position, wherein the second main air stream is able to flow into the first space of the second chamber through the second filter element and is able to flow out again from the second outflow opening;