An encoding method, comprising: encoding (502, 603) an input sequence c based on a low density parity check, LDPC, matrix H, to obtain an encoded sequence, wherein the input sequence comprises K bits, and the LDPC matrix H is obtained based on a lifting factor Z and a base matrix, Z is one of 9, 18, 36, 72, 144, and 288, wherein the base matrix of the LDPC matrix H comprises m rows and n columns, m and n are integers, and m=5, and n=27, wherein each element in the base matrix is either a zero-element or a non-zero-element; each zero-element in the base matrix corresponds to an all-zero matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, and the base matrix comprises a plurality of non-zero-elements (i, j), wherein i is a row index, j is a column index, 0≤i<m, 0≤j<n, each non-zero-element (i, j) corresponds to a circular permutation matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, and the circular permutation matrix equals to a matrix obtained by circularly shifting an identity matrix of size Z×Z to the right for P i,j times, wherein P i,j = mod ( V i,j,Z), V i,j is a shift value of the non-zero-element (i, j) in row i and column j, and each of the non-zero-elements (i, j) and corresponding V i,j in row 0 to row 4 are as follows, other elements in the row 0 to row 4 are zero-elements: i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and V i,j is respectively 211, 198, 188, 186, 219, 4, 29, 144, 116, 216, 115, 233, 144, 95, 216, 73, 261, 1, 0; i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, and V i,j is respectively 179, 162, 223, 256, 160, 76, 202, 117, 109, 15, 72, 152, 158, 147, 156, 119, 0, 0, 0; i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, and V i,j is respectively 258, 167, 220, 133, 243, 202, 218, 63, 0, 3, 74, 229, 0, 216, 269, 200, 234, 0, 0; i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, and V i,j is respectively 187, 145, 166, 108, 82, 132, 197, 41, 162, 57, 36, 115, 242, 165, 0, 113, 108, 1, 0; and i=4, j=0, 1, 26, and V i,j is respectively 246, 235, 0. encoding (502, 603) an input sequence c based on a low density parity check, LDPC, matrix H, to obtain an encoded sequence, wherein the input sequence comprises K bits, and the LDPC matrix H is obtained based on a lifting factor Z and a base matrix, Z is one of 9, 18, 36, 72, 144, and 288, wherein the base matrix of the LDPC matrix H comprises m rows and n columns, m and n are integers, and m=5, and n=27, wherein each element in the base matrix is either a zero-element or a non-zero-element; each zero-element in the base matrix corresponds to an all-zero matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, and the base matrix comprises a plurality of non-zero-elements (i, j), wherein i is a row index, j is a column index, 0≤i<m, 0≤j<n, each non-zero-element (i, j) corresponds to a circular permutation matrix of size Z×Z in the LDPC matrix H, and the circular permutation matrix equals to a matrix obtained by circularly shifting an identity matrix of size Z×Z to the right for P i,j times, wherein P i,j = mod ( V i,j,Z), V i,j is a shift value of the non-zero-element (i, j) in row i and column j, and each of the non-zero-elements (i, j) and corresponding V i,j in row 0 to row 4 are as follows, other elements in the row 0 to row 4 are zero-elements: i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and V i,j is respectively 211, 198, 188, 186, 219, 4, 29, 144, 116, 216, 115, 233, 144, 95, 216, 73, 261, 1, 0; i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, and V i,j is respectively 179, 162, 223, 256, 160, 76, 202, 117, 109, 15, 72, 152, 158, 147, 156, 119, 0, 0, 0; i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, and V i,j is respectively 258, 167, 220, 133, 243, 202, 218, 63, 0, 3, 74, 229, 0, 216, 269, 200, 234, 0, 0; i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, and V i,j is respectively 187, 145, 166, 108, 82, 132, 197, 41, 162, 57, 36, 115, 242, 165, 0, 113, 108, 1, 0; and i=4, j=0, 1, 26, and V i,j is respectively 246, 235, 0. i=0, j=0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, and V i,j is respectively 211, 198, 188, 186, 219, 4, 29, 144, 116, 216, 115, 233, 144, 95, 216, 73, 261, 1, 0; i=1, j=0, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 24, and V i,j is respectively 179, 162, 223, 256, 160, 76, 202, 117, 109, 15, 72, 152, 158, 147, 156, 119, 0, 0, 0; i=2, j=0, 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 25, and V i,j is respectively 258, 167, 220, 133, 243, 202, 218, 63, 0, 3, 74, 229, 0, 216, 269, 200, 234, 0, 0; i=3, j=0, 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 20, 21, 22, 25, and V i,j is respectively 187, 145, 166, 108, 82, 132, 197, 41, 162, 57, 36, 115, 242, 165, 0, 113, 108, 1, 0; and i=4, j=0, 1, 26, and V i,j is respectively 246, 235, 0.