A portable, hand-held device for electrospinning or electrospraying toward a deposit surface a predetermined solution formulated for the device, the device comprising: a durable portion having a first end and a second end opposite the first end; and a consumable portion coupled to the first end of the durable portion, wherein the consumable portion includes: an electrode, a hollow nozzle (352, 652) configured to output the solution from a nozzle tip thereof, the hollow nozzle (352, 652) defining a first portion of a flow path of the solution to outside the device, and the nozzle tip defines a second portion of the flow path, and a housing (611, 651) configured to contain a predetermined maximum volume of the solution, and output the solution to the hollow nozzle (352, 652), wherein the durable portion includes: a drive mechanism configured to cause solution from the housing (611, 651) to be output to the hollow nozzle (352, 652), and a user control interface including a switch configured to receive manual input from a user in the form of a pressing operation and move radially inward to control the drive mechanism and application of a high voltage to the electrode to create an electric field for application to the solution to electrospin or electrospray the solution from the hollow nozzle (352, 652) toward the deposit surface, wherein circuitry is configured to provide the high voltage to the electrode, and characterized in that the switch is closer to the second end of the durable portion than the housing (611, 651) of the consumable portion is to the second end of the durable portion. a durable portion having a first end and a second end opposite the first end; and a consumable portion coupled to the first end of the durable portion, wherein the consumable portion includes: an electrode, a hollow nozzle (352, 652) configured to output the solution from a nozzle tip thereof, the hollow nozzle (352, 652) defining a first portion of a flow path of the solution to outside the device, and the nozzle tip defines a second portion of the flow path, and a housing (611, 651) configured to contain a predetermined maximum volume of the solution, and output the solution to the hollow nozzle (352, 652), wherein the durable portion includes: a drive mechanism configured to cause solution from the housing (611, 651) to be output to the hollow nozzle (352, 652), and a user control interface including a switch configured to receive manual input from a user in the form of a pressing operation and move radially inward to control the drive mechanism and application of a high voltage to the electrode to create an electric field for application to the solution to electrospin or electrospray the solution from the hollow nozzle (352, 652) toward the deposit surface, wherein circuitry is configured to provide the high voltage to the electrode, and characterized in that the switch is closer to the second end of the durable portion than the housing (611, 651) of the consumable portion is to the second end of the durable portion. an electrode, a hollow nozzle (352, 652) configured to output the solution from a nozzle tip thereof, the hollow nozzle (352, 652) defining a first portion of a flow path of the solution to outside the device, and the nozzle tip defines a second portion of the flow path, and a housing (611, 651) configured to contain a predetermined maximum volume of the solution, and output the solution to the hollow nozzle (352, 652), wherein the durable portion includes: a drive mechanism configured to cause solution from the housing (611, 651) to be output to the hollow nozzle (352, 652), and a user control interface including a switch configured to receive manual input from a user in the form of a pressing operation and move radially inward to control the drive mechanism and application of a high voltage to the electrode to create an electric field for application to the solution to electrospin or electrospray the solution from the hollow nozzle (352, 652) toward the deposit surface, wherein circuitry is configured to provide the high voltage to the electrode, and characterized in that the switch is closer to the second end of the durable portion than the housing (611, 651) of the consumable portion is to the second end of the durable portion. a drive mechanism configured to cause solution from the housing (611, 651) to be output to the hollow nozzle (352, 652), and a user control interface including a switch configured to receive manual input from a user in the form of a pressing operation and move radially inward to control the drive mechanism and application of a high voltage to the electrode to create an electric field for application to the solution to electrospin or electrospray the solution from the hollow nozzle (352, 652) toward the deposit surface, wherein circuitry is configured to provide the high voltage to the electrode, and characterized in that the switch is closer to the second end of the durable portion than the housing (611, 651) of the consumable portion is to the second end of the durable portion.