Parallel optical computing system comprising: a first module comprising at least one polarization filter and at least one liquid crystal cell, the first module being configured as an optical modulator for receiving light from a light source and for encoding the light output from the liquid crystal cell into optical data to be processed; a second module comprising at least one polarization filter and at least one liquid crystal cell, the second module configured as an optical processor for receiving the optical data to be processed and for outputting an optical result of the processing; at least one optical detector, designed to receive the optical result of the processing and convert the optical result into a corresponding electrical result, the first module comprises a plurality of liquid crystal cells, each cell of the plurality of liquid crystal cells of the first module is configured to transmit a modulated light ray towards a respective cell from among a plurality of cells of the second module, said respective cell of the second module being situated at a predetermined distance with respect to the cell of the first module in a plane, where the ray emitted in a direction Z perpendicular to the plane from the cell of the first module is reflected in the direction Z, wherein the optical modulator is configured to modulate the incoming light based on predetermined binary, ternary, quaternary, dual-rail or n-rail logic coding system, the optical processor is configured to perform calculations on the light rays emitted by the optical modulator, said calculations corresponding to a calculation mask predefined depending on the calculation in the optical processor, the optical processor is programmable by redefining different calculation masks in the optical processor, said calculation masks being loaded into the optical processor as predetermined states of the multiple liquid crystal cells of the optical processor, the parallel optical computing system comprising at least one prism associated with the cells (13, 23) of the first module and the second module to receive the optical data from the first module and to reflect the optical data to the second module, wherein the first module and the second module are vertically aligned and the prism comprises a base parallel to the plurality of cells (13, 23) of the first module and second module, situated facing them, and inclined walls connected to the base, for reflecting the optical data from the first module to the second module. a first module comprising at least one polarization filter and at least one liquid crystal cell, the first module being configured as an optical modulator for receiving light from a light source and for encoding the light output from the liquid crystal cell into optical data to be processed; a second module comprising at least one polarization filter and at least one liquid crystal cell, the second module configured as an optical processor for receiving the optical data to be processed and for outputting an optical result of the processing; at least one optical detector, designed to receive the optical result of the processing and convert the optical result into a corresponding electrical result, the first module comprises a plurality of liquid crystal cells, each cell of the plurality of liquid crystal cells of the first module is configured to transmit a modulated light ray towards a respective cell from among a plurality of cells of the second module, said respective cell of the second module being situated at a predetermined distance with respect to the cell of the first module in a plane, where the ray emitted in a direction Z perpendicular to the plane from the cell of the first module is reflected in the direction Z, wherein the optical modulator is configured to modulate the incoming light based on predetermined binary, ternary, quaternary, dual-rail or n-rail logic coding system, the optical processor is configured to perform calculations on the light rays emitted by the optical modulator, said calculations corresponding to a calculation mask predefined depending on the calculation in the optical processor, the optical processor is programmable by redefining different calculation masks in the optical processor, said calculation masks being loaded into the optical processor as predetermined states of the multiple liquid crystal cells of the optical processor, the parallel optical computing system comprising at least one prism associated with the cells (13, 23) of the first module and the second module to receive the optical data from the first module and to reflect the optical data to the second module, wherein the first module and the second module are vertically aligned and the prism comprises a base parallel to the plurality of cells (13, 23) of the first module and second module, situated facing them, and inclined walls connected to the base, for reflecting the optical data from the first module to the second module.