A three-phase power line communication apparatus which performs communication with a plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) installed on three phases, the apparatus comprising: a transceiver configured to transceive communication information and reading data with a plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) installed on three phases, through communication with the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6); and a controller configured to establish a network group for each of the three phases based on the communication information received from the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6), to generate a communication plan for communication with each of the network groups by analyzing a communication performance of each of the network groups, and to control communication with the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) based on the communication plan wherein the controller is configured to: transmit a test signal to the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) included in each of the network groups, at least once; receive a response signal to the test signal, from the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6); and analyze a communication performance of each network group, based on a reception result of the response signal, characterized in that the controller is configured to measure an average response time and a communication success rate of the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6), based on a reception result on the response signal, and to analyze a communication performance of each network group based on the measurement results. a transceiver configured to transceive communication information and reading data with a plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) installed on three phases, through communication with the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6); and a controller configured to establish a network group for each of the three phases based on the communication information received from the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6), to generate a communication plan for communication with each of the network groups by analyzing a communication performance of each of the network groups, and to control communication with the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) based on the communication plan wherein the controller is configured to: transmit a test signal to the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) included in each of the network groups, at least once; receive a response signal to the test signal, from the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6); and analyze a communication performance of each network group, based on a reception result of the response signal, characterized in that the controller is configured to measure an average response time and a communication success rate of the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6), based on a reception result on the response signal, and to analyze a communication performance of each network group based on the measurement results. transmit a test signal to the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6) included in each of the network groups, at least once; receive a response signal to the test signal, from the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6); and analyze a communication performance of each network group, based on a reception result of the response signal, characterized in that the controller is configured to measure an average response time and a communication success rate of the plurality of meters (R1∼R6, S1∼S6, T1∼T6), based on a reception result on the response signal, and to analyze a communication performance of each network group based on the measurement results.