Composition for dyeing keratin fibres, in particular human keratin fibres, comprising: - one or more fatty substances, - one or more surfactants, - one or more oxidation bases, - one or more alkalinizing agents, - one or more chemical oxidizing agents, - one or more phenol-derived couplers of formula; the fatty substance content representing in total at least 25% by weight relative to the total weight of the composition; the formula being the following: and also salts, optical and geometrical isomers and tautomers, and hydrates; in which formula: *R 1, R 3, R 5, which may be identical or different, represent: - a hydrogen atom; - a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, amino or carboxyl groups; - a group -OR in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical; - a saturated C 5 -C 7 cyclic group; - a (C 1 -C 4)alkylcarbonyl group; - a hydrocarbonyl group (HCO-); - a sulphonic acid group; * at least one of the radicals R 1, R 3, R 5 representing a hydrogen atom; * R 2, R 4, which may be identical or different, represent: - a hydrogen atom; - a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, amino, tri(C 1 -C 4)alkylammonium or carboxyl groups; - a (C 1 -C 4)alkylcarbonyl group; - a hydrocarbonyl group (HCO-); * two groups chosen from R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5 and borne by adjacent carbon atoms may form, together with said carbon atoms, a ring or a heterocycle with a single heteroatom chosen from oxygen or sulphur atoms, this ring or heterocycle comprising no double bond other than that of the ring to which it is fused, which is optionally substituted, and which is optionally interrupted with one or more carbonyl groups; * at least one of the radicals R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5 being other than hydrogen. - one or more fatty substances, - one or more surfactants, - one or more oxidation bases, - one or more alkalinizing agents, - one or more chemical oxidizing agents, - one or more phenol-derived couplers of formula; *R 1, R 3, R 5, which may be identical or different, represent: - a hydrogen atom; - a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, amino or carboxyl groups; - a group -OR in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical; - a saturated C 5 -C 7 cyclic group; - a (C 1 -C 4)alkylcarbonyl group; - a hydrocarbonyl group (HCO-); - a sulphonic acid group; - a hydrogen atom; - a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, amino or carboxyl groups; - a group -OR in which R represents a hydrogen atom or a linear or branched C 1 -C 4 alkyl radical; - a saturated C 5 -C 7 cyclic group; - a (C 1 -C 4)alkylcarbonyl group; - a hydrocarbonyl group (HCO-); - a sulphonic acid group; * at least one of the radicals R 1, R 3, R 5 representing a hydrogen atom; * R 2, R 4, which may be identical or different, represent: - a hydrogen atom; - a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, amino, tri(C 1 -C 4)alkylammonium or carboxyl groups; - a (C 1 -C 4)alkylcarbonyl group; - a hydrocarbonyl group (HCO-); - a hydrogen atom; - a linear or branched C 1 -C 8 alkyl or C 3 -C 8 alkenyl radical, optionally substituted with one or more hydroxyl, amino, tri(C 1 -C 4)alkylammonium or carboxyl groups; - a (C 1 -C 4)alkylcarbonyl group; - a hydrocarbonyl group (HCO-); * two groups chosen from R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5 and borne by adjacent carbon atoms may form, together with said carbon atoms, a ring or a heterocycle with a single heteroatom chosen from oxygen or sulphur atoms, this ring or heterocycle comprising no double bond other than that of the ring to which it is fused, which is optionally substituted, and which is optionally interrupted with one or more carbonyl groups; * at least one of the radicals R 1, R 2, R 3, R 4, R 5 being other than hydrogen.