A method for producing microcapsules having a calibrated diameter and at least one calibrated parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of a microcapsule, method characterized in that it includes the steps of: - producing microcapsules by injecting into a microsystem: • a first fluid to be encapsulated, at a first flow rate. • a second fluid not miscible with the first fluid, at a second flow rate, and • a third fluid containing a precursor of the microcapsule membrane, at a third flow rate; - deforming the microcapsules by flow of said microcapsules into a capillary, the diameter of the capillary being of the same order of magnitude as the calibrated diameter; - observing and acquiring the outline of at least one deformed microcapsule observed by optical acquisition means; - comparing, by data processing means, the acquired outline with outlines from a collection of reference microcapsule outlines, the diameter and at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of a reference microcapsule being known for each reference microcapsule; - determining the diameter and the value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of the observed microcapsule by the data processing means; - modifying the flow rates (Q1, Q2, and/or Q3) of the fluids (f1, f2, f3) if the difference between: • the diameter of the determined observed microcapsule and an optimal diameter, and/or • the determined value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of the observed microcapsule and an optimal value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of a microcapsule, is above a predetermined threshold. - producing microcapsules by injecting into a microsystem: • a first fluid to be encapsulated, at a first flow rate. • a second fluid not miscible with the first fluid, at a second flow rate, and • a third fluid containing a precursor of the microcapsule membrane, at a third flow rate; • a first fluid to be encapsulated, at a first flow rate. • a second fluid not miscible with the first fluid, at a second flow rate, and • a third fluid containing a precursor of the microcapsule membrane, at a third flow rate; - deforming the microcapsules by flow of said microcapsules into a capillary, the diameter of the capillary being of the same order of magnitude as the calibrated diameter; - observing and acquiring the outline of at least one deformed microcapsule observed by optical acquisition means; - comparing, by data processing means, the acquired outline with outlines from a collection of reference microcapsule outlines, the diameter and at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of a reference microcapsule being known for each reference microcapsule; - determining the diameter and the value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of the observed microcapsule by the data processing means; - modifying the flow rates (Q1, Q2, and/or Q3) of the fluids (f1, f2, f3) if the difference between: • the diameter of the determined observed microcapsule and an optimal diameter, and/or • the determined value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of the observed microcapsule and an optimal value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of a microcapsule, • the diameter of the determined observed microcapsule and an optimal diameter, and/or • the determined value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of the observed microcapsule and an optimal value of the at least one parameter characteristic of the mechanical properties of a microcapsule,