Optical position measuring device for acquiring the position of an object (10; 100; 1000; 1000') in multiple degrees of freedom, wherein the object (10; 100; 1000; 1000') is arranged so it is movable at least along a first movement direction (x) and along a second movement direction (z), having - at least one light source (24; 150), - at least one first measuring standard (12; 112.1, 112.2; 1112.1, 1112.2) arranged on the object (10; 100; 1000; 1000'), which extends along a first extension direction and comprises indexing regions (12.1, 12.2) arranged periodically along the first extension direction, - at least one second measuring standard (13; 113; 1113) arranged on the object (10; 100; 1000; 1000'), which extends along a second extension direction and comprises indexing regions (13.1, 13.2) arranged periodically along the second extension direction, - a scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120'), in which at least first and second retroreflector elements (21; 121; 1121; 1121'; 22; 122; 1122; 1122') are integrated, wherein the longitudinal extension direction of the first retroreflector element (21; 121; 1121; 1121') extends in parallel to the first extension direction and the longitudinal extension direction of the second retroreflector element (22; 122; 1122; 1122') extends in parallel to the second extension direction and via which partial beams which are incident thereon from the first and second measuring standard (12; 112.1, 112.2; 1112.1, 1112.2; 13; 113; 1113) experience a reflection back in the direction of the respective measuring standard (12; 112.1, 112.2; 1112.1, 1112.2; 13; 113; 1113), - a detector arrangement, via which at least position signals with respect to the movement of the object (10; 100; 1000; 1000') along the first and the second movement directions (x, z) can be guaranteed from superimposed partial beams, - and wherein the retroreflector elements (21; 121; 1121; 1121'; 22; 122; 1122; 1122') are formed as diffractive retroreflector elements, having - multiple diffractive elements (30.1 - 30.4; 121.1, 121.2; 124.1, 124.2; 1130.1 - 1130.4) arranged on a first side of the scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120') and - at least one reflector element (31, 51; 122, 125) arranged on the opposing, second side of the scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120') and the reflective side of which is oriented in the direction of the diffractive elements (30.1 - 30.4; 121.1, 121.2; 124.1, 124.2; 1130.1 - 1130.4), wherein the reflector element (31, 51; 122, 125) extends in parallel to the first or second extension direction (e1, e2). - at least one light source (24; 150), - at least one first measuring standard (12; 112.1, 112.2; 1112.1, 1112.2) arranged on the object (10; 100; 1000; 1000'), which extends along a first extension direction and comprises indexing regions (12.1, 12.2) arranged periodically along the first extension direction, - at least one second measuring standard (13; 113; 1113) arranged on the object (10; 100; 1000; 1000'), which extends along a second extension direction and comprises indexing regions (13.1, 13.2) arranged periodically along the second extension direction, - a scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120'), in which at least first and second retroreflector elements (21; 121; 1121; 1121'; 22; 122; 1122; 1122') are integrated, wherein the longitudinal extension direction of the first retroreflector element (21; 121; 1121; 1121') extends in parallel to the first extension direction and the longitudinal extension direction of the second retroreflector element (22; 122; 1122; 1122') extends in parallel to the second extension direction and via which partial beams which are incident thereon from the first and second measuring standard (12; 112.1, 112.2; 1112.1, 1112.2; 13; 113; 1113) experience a reflection back in the direction of the respective measuring standard (12; 112.1, 112.2; 1112.1, 1112.2; 13; 113; 1113), - a detector arrangement, via which at least position signals with respect to the movement of the object (10; 100; 1000; 1000') along the first and the second movement directions (x, z) can be guaranteed from superimposed partial beams, - and wherein the retroreflector elements (21; 121; 1121; 1121'; 22; 122; 1122; 1122') are formed as diffractive retroreflector elements, having - multiple diffractive elements (30.1 - 30.4; 121.1, 121.2; 124.1, 124.2; 1130.1 - 1130.4) arranged on a first side of the scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120') and - at least one reflector element (31, 51; 122, 125) arranged on the opposing, second side of the scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120') and the reflective side of which is oriented in the direction of the diffractive elements (30.1 - 30.4; 121.1, 121.2; 124.1, 124.2; 1130.1 - 1130.4), wherein the reflector element (31, 51; 122, 125) extends in parallel to the first or second extension direction (e1, e2). - multiple diffractive elements (30.1 - 30.4; 121.1, 121.2; 124.1, 124.2; 1130.1 - 1130.4) arranged on a first side of the scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120') and - at least one reflector element (31, 51; 122, 125) arranged on the opposing, second side of the scanning plate (20; 120; 1120; 1120') and the reflective side of which is oriented in the direction of the diffractive elements (30.1 - 30.4; 121.1, 121.2; 124.1, 124.2; 1130.1 - 1130.4), wherein the reflector element (31, 51; 122, 125) extends in parallel to the first or second extension direction (e1, e2).