A polyhydric phenol resin, which comprises a polyhydric phenol resin component and a first component, wherein when the polyhydric phenol resin is characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), the first component is eluted at a retention time ranging from 27.1 minutes to 28.0 minutes, and based on the total area of the chromatographic peaks of the polyhydric phenol resin, the area percentage of the chromatographic peak of the first component at the corresponding retention time in the spectrum ranges from 1.0% to 20.0%, wherein the HPLC analysis is performed under the following conditions: a detector applying 254 nm wavelength ultraviolet light; an octadecylsilane column which is 250 mm in length and 4.6 mm in inner diameter and has fillers with a particle size of 5 μm; a column temperature of 40°C; a detector temperature of 35°C; a mobile phase flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; a sample which is formulated with acetonitrile as a solvent and has a sample concentration of 0.5 wt% in ACN; an injection amount of 15 μL; and a composition of mobile phase as follows: from 0 minutes to the 10 th minute of the washing time, the mobile phase is a mixture of 40 vol% of water and 60 vol% of acetonitrile; from the 10 th minute to the 30 th minute of the washing time, the mobile phase changes from a mixture of 40 vol% of water and 60 vol% of acetonitrile to 100 vol% of acetonitrile in a linear gradient manner with respect to time, and from the 30 th minute to the 50 th minute of the washing time, the mobile phase is 100 vol% of acetonitrile, wherein when the polyhydric phenol resin is characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the first component is eluted at a retention time ranging from 18.000 minutes to 21.000 minutes, and a fragmentation pattern of the first component comprises one or more signals at a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) selected from the group consisting of 51, 65, 77, 89, 91, 115, 130, 165, 178, 193, and 208. wherein the HPLC analysis is performed under the following conditions: a detector applying 254 nm wavelength ultraviolet light; an octadecylsilane column which is 250 mm in length and 4.6 mm in inner diameter and has fillers with a particle size of 5 μm; a column temperature of 40°C; a detector temperature of 35°C; a mobile phase flow rate of 1.0 mL/min; a sample which is formulated with acetonitrile as a solvent and has a sample concentration of 0.5 wt% in ACN; an injection amount of 15 μL; and a composition of mobile phase as follows: from 0 minutes to the 10 th minute of the washing time, the mobile phase is a mixture of 40 vol% of water and 60 vol% of acetonitrile; from the 10 th minute to the 30 th minute of the washing time, the mobile phase changes from a mixture of 40 vol% of water and 60 vol% of acetonitrile to 100 vol% of acetonitrile in a linear gradient manner with respect to time, and from the 30 th minute to the 50 th minute of the washing time, the mobile phase is 100 vol% of acetonitrile, wherein when the polyhydric phenol resin is characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the first component is eluted at a retention time ranging from 18.000 minutes to 21.000 minutes, and a fragmentation pattern of the first component comprises one or more signals at a mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) selected from the group consisting of 51, 65, 77, 89, 91, 115, 130, 165, 178, 193, and 208.