A solid-flow electrochemical device comprising: a reaction region comprising: an anode belt that is movable through the reaction region, the anode belt comprising current collector foil coated with an anode active material; a cathode belt that is movable through the reaction region, the cathode belt comprising current collector foil coated with a cathode active material; an anode current collector member, electronically connected to the anode belt, either in static or sliding contact; a cathode current collector member, electronically connected to the cathode belt, either in static or sliding contact; an electrically-insulating ion-permeable membrane disposed between the anode belt and the cathode belt, wherein the reaction region includes a holder/separator that fixes the electrically-insulating ion-permeable membrane extending across the reaction region, and wherein the electrically-insulating ion-permeable membrane is disposed between the anode current collector member and the cathode current collector member; and a liquid electrolyte merging the reaction region in the region of the membrane to allow for generated ions to flow between the active material on the cathode collector foil and the active material on the anode collector foil; an anode storage region configured to store the anode belt out of the reaction region; a cathode storage region configured to store the cathode belt out of the reaction region; and at least one motor (1241, 1242) configured to rotate the anode belt while in contact with the anode current collector member, and rotate the cathode belt while in contact with the cathode current collector member during a charge or discharge operation. an anode belt that is movable through the reaction region, the anode belt comprising current collector foil coated with an anode active material; a cathode belt that is movable through the reaction region, the cathode belt comprising current collector foil coated with a cathode active material; an anode current collector member, electronically connected to the anode belt, either in static or sliding contact; a cathode current collector member, electronically connected to the cathode belt, either in static or sliding contact; an electrically-insulating ion-permeable membrane disposed between the anode belt and the cathode belt, wherein the reaction region includes a holder/separator that fixes the electrically-insulating ion-permeable membrane extending across the reaction region, and wherein the electrically-insulating ion-permeable membrane is disposed between the anode current collector member and the cathode current collector member; and a liquid electrolyte merging the reaction region in the region of the membrane to allow for generated ions to flow between the active material on the cathode collector foil and the active material on the anode collector foil; an anode storage region configured to store the anode belt out of the reaction region; a cathode storage region configured to store the cathode belt out of the reaction region; and at least one motor (1241, 1242) configured to rotate the anode belt while in contact with the anode current collector member, and rotate the cathode belt while in contact with the cathode current collector member during a charge or discharge operation.