A dry storage facility with a residual heat removal ventilation system for spent fuel of a nuclear power plant, wherein the dry storage facility is disposed in a spent fuel building, and the dry storage facility comprises a storeroom, an operating room, and a ventilation equipment room sequentially arranged from bottom to top; a ventilation heat shield cylinder is disposed in each silo of the storeroom comprising a buffer storage region, a buffer storage region cold air intake chamber and a buffer storage region hot air removal chamber separated by a buffer storage region cold and hot air chamber separator are disposed at an upper part of the buffer storage region, wherein, the buffer storage region hot air removal chamber is located above the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber; a buffer storage region cold air pipe is connected to an upper part of the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber, the buffer storage region cold air pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and a buffer storage region cold air inlet (41, 43) connected with the buffer storage region cold air pipe is disposed on the wall of the operating room, such that cold air enters into the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber from the buffer storage region cold air pipe, enters into a cold air channel of silos of the buffer storage region through the buffer storage region cold air intake chamber, enters into the ventilation heat shield cylinder from an air inlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder, and enters into the buffer storage region hot air removal chamber through an air outlet of the ventilation heat shield cylinder; a buffer storage region first heat removal pipe is connected to an upper part of the buffer storage region hot air removal chamber, the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe extends from the operating room to the ventilation equipment room, and connect with a buffer storage region ventilation heat removal vent (50, 51) on the top of the ventilation equipment room; the dry storage facility comprises a buffer storage region second heat removal pipe, and an air cooling equipment; characterised in that the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe connects with the buffer storage region ventilation heat removal vent (50, 51) through a first air valve; a buffer storage region heat removal fan and a bypass air pipe are disposed in the ventilation equipment room; the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe, the air cooling equipment, and the bypass air pipe are connected in parallel with the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe respectively; the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe is connected with the buffer storage region ventilation heat removal vent (50, 51) through a second air valve; a third air valve and a fourth air valve are connected to the inlets of the air cooling equipment and the bypass air pipe respectively, the outlets of the air cooling equipment and the bypass air pipe are both connected into an inlet of the buffer storage region heat removal fan, and an outlet of the buffer storage region heat removal fan is connected to the buffer storage region first heat removal pipe and the buffer storage region second heat removal pipe through a fifth air valve and a sixth air valve respectively.