A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving, by one or more electronic devices of a cloud provider network, the one or more electronic devices implementing one or more control plane services, a request to launch a compute instance from a customer, wherein the cloud provider network includes provider substrate extensions that are connected to a communications service provider network and controlled at least in part by the service of the cloud provider network via a connection through at least a portion of the communications service provider network, wherein the request includes a latency requirement defining a maximum permitted latency of at least a portion of a network path between a mobile device connected to an access point of the communications service provider network and a provider substrate extension selected to host the compute instance, wherein the request includes a geographical indicator and wherein the access point is located within a geographic region associated with the geographic indicator and provides connectivity for mobile devices to the communications service provider network; obtaining, by the one or more electronic devices, a plurality of values, each value in the plurality of values representing latency between the access point and one of the provider substrate extensions; selecting, by the one or more electronic devices, a particular one of the provider substrate extensions to host the compute instance based at least in part on determining that the value representing the latency between the access point and the selected provider substrate extension is less than the maximum permitted latency; and sending, by the one or more electronic devices, a message to cause the selected provider substrate extension to launch the compute instance for the customer. receiving, by one or more electronic devices of a cloud provider network, the one or more electronic devices implementing one or more control plane services, a request to launch a compute instance from a customer, wherein the cloud provider network includes provider substrate extensions that are connected to a communications service provider network and controlled at least in part by the service of the cloud provider network via a connection through at least a portion of the communications service provider network, wherein the request includes a latency requirement defining a maximum permitted latency of at least a portion of a network path between a mobile device connected to an access point of the communications service provider network and a provider substrate extension selected to host the compute instance, wherein the request includes a geographical indicator and wherein the access point is located within a geographic region associated with the geographic indicator and provides connectivity for mobile devices to the communications service provider network; obtaining, by the one or more electronic devices, a plurality of values, each value in the plurality of values representing latency between the access point and one of the provider substrate extensions; selecting, by the one or more electronic devices, a particular one of the provider substrate extensions to host the compute instance based at least in part on determining that the value representing the latency between the access point and the selected provider substrate extension is less than the maximum permitted latency; and sending, by the one or more electronic devices, a message to cause the selected provider substrate extension to launch the compute instance for the customer.