An integrated device comprising: at least one waveguide configured to propagate excitation energy; a grating coupler configured to receive excitation energy incident on a surface of the integrated device and couple the excitation energy into the at least one waveguide; a plurality of pixels, wherein a pixel of the plurality of pixels comprises: a sample well formed on the surface and configured to receive excitation energy from the at least one waveguide; and at least one sensor positioned to receive luminescence from a sample positioned in the sample well and configured to generate a signal that provides identification information of the sample based on the received luminescence and is indicative of a temporal parameter of the received luminescence; wherein the temporal parameter is a lifetime associated with the luminescence from the sample; and wherein the at least one sensor is configured to generate the signal by aggregating, into a plurality of bins, charge carriers produced in response to received photons of the luminescence emitted from the sample, wherein each of the plurality of bins is configured to store charge carriers produced within different respective time periods. at least one waveguide configured to propagate excitation energy; a grating coupler configured to receive excitation energy incident on a surface of the integrated device and couple the excitation energy into the at least one waveguide; a plurality of pixels, wherein a pixel of the plurality of pixels comprises: a sample well formed on the surface and configured to receive excitation energy from the at least one waveguide; and at least one sensor positioned to receive luminescence from a sample positioned in the sample well and configured to generate a signal that provides identification information of the sample based on the received luminescence and is indicative of a temporal parameter of the received luminescence; wherein the temporal parameter is a lifetime associated with the luminescence from the sample; and wherein the at least one sensor is configured to generate the signal by aggregating, into a plurality of bins, charge carriers produced in response to received photons of the luminescence emitted from the sample, wherein each of the plurality of bins is configured to store charge carriers produced within different respective time periods. a sample well formed on the surface and configured to receive excitation energy from the at least one waveguide; and at least one sensor positioned to receive luminescence from a sample positioned in the sample well and configured to generate a signal that provides identification information of the sample based on the received luminescence and is indicative of a temporal parameter of the received luminescence; wherein the temporal parameter is a lifetime associated with the luminescence from the sample; and wherein the at least one sensor is configured to generate the signal by aggregating, into a plurality of bins, charge carriers produced in response to received photons of the luminescence emitted from the sample, wherein each of the plurality of bins is configured to store charge carriers produced within different respective time periods.