A plugged honeycomb structure (100, 101, 102, 103) comprising: a honeycomb structure section having porous partition walls with which a plurality of cells extending from an inflow side end surface to an outflow side end surface are formed to become through channels of a fluid, the plurality of cells including large cells and small cells having different open areas in a cross section perpendicular to an extending direction of the cells; inflow side plugged portions arranged in inflow side end portions of the predetermined cells including the large cells and the small cells among the plurality of cells; and outflow side plugged portions arranged in outflow side end portions of the remaining cells including the large cells and the small cells among the plurality of cells, wherein the predetermined cells are outflow cells having the plugged inflow side end portions and the open outflow side end portions, and the remaining cells are inflow cells having the plugged outflow side end portions and the open inflow side end portions; and wherein the large cells provided with the inflow side plugged portions and the small cells provided with the outflow side plugged portions are formed in the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb structure section, and are not formed in a portion other than the outer peripheral portion, wherein when the honeycomb structure section has an integral structure, the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb structure section is a portion in a region from the outer periphery of the cylindrical honeycomb structure section to a position of a length of 30% of the diameter of the honeycomb structure section, and when the honeycomb structure section has a shape other than the cylindrical shape, the outer peripheral portion is a portion in a region from the outer periphery of the honeycomb structure section to a position of a length of 40% of the longest diameter. a honeycomb structure section having porous partition walls with which a plurality of cells extending from an inflow side end surface to an outflow side end surface are formed to become through channels of a fluid, the plurality of cells including large cells and small cells having different open areas in a cross section perpendicular to an extending direction of the cells; inflow side plugged portions arranged in inflow side end portions of the predetermined cells including the large cells and the small cells among the plurality of cells; and outflow side plugged portions arranged in outflow side end portions of the remaining cells including the large cells and the small cells among the plurality of cells, wherein the predetermined cells are outflow cells having the plugged inflow side end portions and the open outflow side end portions, and the remaining cells are inflow cells having the plugged outflow side end portions and the open inflow side end portions; and wherein the large cells provided with the inflow side plugged portions and the small cells provided with the outflow side plugged portions are formed in the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb structure section, and are not formed in a portion other than the outer peripheral portion, wherein when the honeycomb structure section has an integral structure, the outer peripheral portion of the honeycomb structure section is a portion in a region from the outer periphery of the cylindrical honeycomb structure section to a position of a length of 30% of the diameter of the honeycomb structure section, and when the honeycomb structure section has a shape other than the cylindrical shape, the outer peripheral portion is a portion in a region from the outer periphery of the honeycomb structure section to a position of a length of 40% of the longest diameter.