A method of producing butadiene from a fermentable carbon source, the method comprising: (a) providing a fermentable carbon source; (b) contacting the fermentable carbon source with a microorganism comprising one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyzes a conversion of the fermentable carbon source to one or more intermediates in a pathway for the production of butadiene, and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of the one or more intermediates to butadiene in a fermentation media; and (c) expressing the one or more polynucleotides coding for the enzymes in the pathway that catalyzes a conversion of the fermentable carbon source to one or more intermediates in a pathway for the production of butadiene and the one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of the one or more intermediates to butadiene in the microorganism to produce butadiene, wherein (i) the one or more intermediates in the pathway for the production of butadiene include crotonyl-CoA; (ii) the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of crotonyl-CoA to butadiene include: (x.i) crotonyl-CoA reductase (bifunctional), and crotonyl alcohol dehydratase; or (x.ii) crotonaldehyde dehydrogenase, crotonyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and crotonyl alcohol dehydratase, wherein the crotonyl alcohol dehydratase is a linalool dehydratase-isomerase from Castellaniella defragrans strain 65Phen; and (iii) the microorganism comprises: (y.i) one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl-CoA to crotonyl alcohol; and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl alcohol to butadiene; or (y.ii) one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl-CoA to crotonaldehyde; one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonaldehyde to crotonyl alcohol; and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl alcohol to butadiene. (a) providing a fermentable carbon source; (b) contacting the fermentable carbon source with a microorganism comprising one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyzes a conversion of the fermentable carbon source to one or more intermediates in a pathway for the production of butadiene, and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of the one or more intermediates to butadiene in a fermentation media; and (c) expressing the one or more polynucleotides coding for the enzymes in the pathway that catalyzes a conversion of the fermentable carbon source to one or more intermediates in a pathway for the production of butadiene and the one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of the one or more intermediates to butadiene in the microorganism to produce butadiene, (i) the one or more intermediates in the pathway for the production of butadiene include crotonyl-CoA; (ii) the enzymes that catalyze the conversion of crotonyl-CoA to butadiene include: (x.i) crotonyl-CoA reductase (bifunctional), and crotonyl alcohol dehydratase; or (x.ii) crotonaldehyde dehydrogenase, crotonyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and crotonyl alcohol dehydratase, wherein the crotonyl alcohol dehydratase is a linalool dehydratase-isomerase from Castellaniella defragrans strain 65Phen; and (x.i) crotonyl-CoA reductase (bifunctional), and crotonyl alcohol dehydratase; or (x.ii) crotonaldehyde dehydrogenase, crotonyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and crotonyl alcohol dehydratase, wherein the crotonyl alcohol dehydratase is a linalool dehydratase-isomerase from Castellaniella defragrans strain 65Phen; and (iii) the microorganism comprises: (y.i) one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl-CoA to crotonyl alcohol; and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl alcohol to butadiene; or (y.ii) one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl-CoA to crotonaldehyde; one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonaldehyde to crotonyl alcohol; and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl alcohol to butadiene. (y.i) one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl-CoA to crotonyl alcohol; and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl alcohol to butadiene; or (y.ii) one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl-CoA to crotonaldehyde; one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonaldehyde to crotonyl alcohol; and one or more polynucleotides coding for enzymes in a pathway that catalyze a conversion of crotonyl alcohol to butadiene.