A method of determining uplink synchronization timing deviation, comprising: receiving, by a base station, a preamble signal transmitted by a user equipment; determining, by the base station, a channel estimate value of a frequency-domain channel occupied by each symbol group in the preamble signal; performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on the channel estimate value corresponding to each symbol group based on a frequency hopping pattern used by the preamble signal to obtain a first radian value, and determining the uplink synchronization timing deviation of the user equipment based on the first radian value; wherein performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on the channel estimate value corresponding to each symbol group based on a frequency hopping pattern used by the preamble signal to obtain a first radian value, comprises: performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on channel estimate values of any two symbol groups of which a frequency hopping interval is N subcarriers in the preamble signal to obtain at least two results, and obtaining a sum of the at least two results of the conjugate multiplication as a second radian value, wherein N is a positive integer; performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on channel estimate values of any two symbol groups of which a frequency hopping interval is H subcarriers in the preamble signal to obtain at least two results, and obtaining a sum of the at least two results of the conjugate multiplication as a third radian value, wherein H is a positive integer and N is less than H; obtaining, by the base station, a sum of the second radian value and the third radian value as the first radian value. receiving, by a base station, a preamble signal transmitted by a user equipment; determining, by the base station, a channel estimate value of a frequency-domain channel occupied by each symbol group in the preamble signal; performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on the channel estimate value corresponding to each symbol group based on a frequency hopping pattern used by the preamble signal to obtain a first radian value, and determining the uplink synchronization timing deviation of the user equipment based on the first radian value; wherein performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on the channel estimate value corresponding to each symbol group based on a frequency hopping pattern used by the preamble signal to obtain a first radian value, comprises: performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on channel estimate values of any two symbol groups of which a frequency hopping interval is N subcarriers in the preamble signal to obtain at least two results, and obtaining a sum of the at least two results of the conjugate multiplication as a second radian value, wherein N is a positive integer; performing, by the base station, conjugate multiplication on channel estimate values of any two symbol groups of which a frequency hopping interval is H subcarriers in the preamble signal to obtain at least two results, and obtaining a sum of the at least two results of the conjugate multiplication as a third radian value, wherein H is a positive integer and N is less than H; obtaining, by the base station, a sum of the second radian value and the third radian value as the first radian value.