An ion exchange stationary phase comprises: a) a negatively charged substrate particle; b) a first condensation polymer reaction product attached to the negatively charged substrate particle, the first condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least a first diprimary diamine, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether, in which the amine group of the first condensation polymer reaction product includes a positive charge so that the first condensation polymer reaction product is ionically coupled to the negatively charged substrate particle; c) a second condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the first condensation polymer reaction product, the second condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an amine group of the first condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether; d) a third condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the second condensation polymer reaction product, the third condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an epoxide group of the second condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) at least a second diprimary diamine, e) a fourth condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the third condensation polymer reaction product, the fourth condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an amine group of the third condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether; and f) a fifth condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the fourth condensation polymer reaction product, the fifth condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an epoxide group of the fourth condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) at least a third diprimary diamine. a) a negatively charged substrate particle; b) a first condensation polymer reaction product attached to the negatively charged substrate particle, the first condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least a first diprimary diamine, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether, in which the amine group of the first condensation polymer reaction product includes a positive charge so that the first condensation polymer reaction product is ionically coupled to the negatively charged substrate particle; i) at least a first diprimary diamine, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether, in which the amine group of the first condensation polymer reaction product includes a positive charge so that the first condensation polymer reaction product is ionically coupled to the negatively charged substrate particle; c) a second condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the first condensation polymer reaction product, the second condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an amine group of the first condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether; i) at least an amine group of the first condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether; d) a third condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the second condensation polymer reaction product, the third condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an epoxide group of the second condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) at least a second diprimary diamine, i) at least an epoxide group of the second condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) at least a second diprimary diamine, e) a fourth condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the third condensation polymer reaction product, the fourth condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an amine group of the third condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether; and i) at least an amine group of the third condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) 1,4- butanediol diglycidyl ether; and f) a fifth condensation polymer reaction product covalently attached to the fourth condensation polymer reaction product, the fifth condensation polymer reaction product of i) at least an epoxide group of the fourth condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) at least a third diprimary diamine. i) at least an epoxide group of the fourth condensation polymer reaction product, and ii) at least a third diprimary diamine.