A method for acquiring stratum rock component contents, the method steps being directly embedded into hardware, into a software module executed by a processor, or a combination thereof, wherein the method comprises: performing normalization processing on all yields of elements in acquired element capture energy spectrum well logging data, the element capture energy spectrum well logging data being acquired by measuring the target area with a capture energy spectrum well logging method in which in which fast neutrons are transmitted to a stratum from a chemical source, converted into thermal neutrons after multiple inelastic collisions in the stratum, and finally captured by surrounding atoms, while the elements return to the original state by releasing gamma rays, wherein the yields include only the yields of elements: silicon, calcium, iron, sulfur and titanium; establishing a well logging curve response equation set according to the yields of the elements after the normalization processing and a pre-established stratum rock interpretation model; and calculating stratum rock component contents using the established well logging curve response equation set and an optimization algorithm; wherein performing normalization processing on all yields of elements comprises calculating the yields of the elements using the following equation: ny k = w k ⋅ y k ∑ l = 1 ne w l ⋅ y l wherein ny k denotes a yield of a k-th element after the normalization processing; w k denotes a yield normalization coefficient of the k-th element; y k denotes a yield of the k-th element before the normalization processing; ne denotes the number of element types; W 1 and y 1 denote a yield normalization coefficient of an l-th element and a yield thereof before the normalization processing, respectively. performing normalization processing on all yields of elements in acquired element capture energy spectrum well logging data, the element capture energy spectrum well logging data being acquired by measuring the target area with a capture energy spectrum well logging method in which in which fast neutrons are transmitted to a stratum from a chemical source, converted into thermal neutrons after multiple inelastic collisions in the stratum, and finally captured by surrounding atoms, while the elements return to the original state by releasing gamma rays, wherein the yields include only the yields of elements: silicon, calcium, iron, sulfur and titanium; establishing a well logging curve response equation set according to the yields of the elements after the normalization processing and a pre-established stratum rock interpretation model; and calculating stratum rock component contents using the established well logging curve response equation set and an optimization algorithm; establishing a well logging curve response equation set according to the yields of the elements after the normalization processing and a pre-established stratum rock interpretation model; and calculating stratum rock component contents using the established well logging curve response equation set and an optimization algorithm; wherein performing normalization processing on all yields of elements comprises calculating the yields of the elements using the following equation: ny k = w k ⋅ y k ∑ l = 1 ne w l ⋅ y l wherein ny k denotes a yield of a k-th element after the normalization processing; w k denotes a yield normalization coefficient of the k-th element; y k denotes a yield of the k-th element before the normalization processing; ne denotes the number of element types; W 1 and y 1 denote a yield normalization coefficient of an l-th element and a yield thereof before the normalization processing, respectively.