A robot surveillance system adapted to perform surveillance of a robot that moves freely without control of a user, comprising: at least one light-emitting unit provided on an outer part of a robot, each light-emitting unit emitting a light beam comprising an optical pattern incident on and shown by at least one stationary object or at least one moving object, the optical pattern changing dependent on the stationary object or the moving object; an image capture unit provided on the outer part of the robot, comprising an optical lens and a photo-sensing device connected together, the optical lens capturing an image of the stationary or moving object to cause the photo-sensing device to form a captured image of the optical pattern from the stationary or moving object; an image processing unit electrically connected to the image capture unit for receiving the captured image of the image capture unit, the image processing unit comprising a detection module, a recognition module, and a motion detection module, the detection module detecting the optical pattern from the image capture unit, calculating a distance away from the stationary object and generating and transferring a first signal when the optical pattern changes due to the stationary object, the recognition module examining and comparing information of the image from the image capture unit, and generating and transferring a second signal when a comparison result of the image shows inconsistency, the motion detection module detecting the moving object in the image to generate and transfer a third signal; a turning control unit electrically connected to the detection module for receiving the first signal of the detection module to control the robot to turn to avoid the stationary object; and a wireless transceiver unit electrically connected to the recognition module and the motion detection module for receiving the image, the second signal, and the third signal from the recognition module and the motion detection module to wirelessly transfer to a user at a remote surveillance device through a wireless communication protocol, wherein the light-emitting unit is a flickering light source, having a flickering frequency which is the same as an image capture frequency of the image capture unit wherein the detection module of the image processing unit examines and compares differences between two successive images captured by the image capture unit to identify change of the optical pattern. at least one light-emitting unit provided on an outer part of a robot, each light-emitting unit emitting a light beam comprising an optical pattern incident on and shown by at least one stationary object or at least one moving object, the optical pattern changing dependent on the stationary object or the moving object; an image capture unit provided on the outer part of the robot, comprising an optical lens and a photo-sensing device connected together, the optical lens capturing an image of the stationary or moving object to cause the photo-sensing device to form a captured image of the optical pattern from the stationary or moving object; an image processing unit electrically connected to the image capture unit for receiving the captured image of the image capture unit, the image processing unit comprising a detection module, a recognition module, and a motion detection module, the detection module detecting the optical pattern from the image capture unit, calculating a distance away from the stationary object and generating and transferring a first signal when the optical pattern changes due to the stationary object, the recognition module examining and comparing information of the image from the image capture unit, and generating and transferring a second signal when a comparison result of the image shows inconsistency, the motion detection module detecting the moving object in the image to generate and transfer a third signal; a turning control unit electrically connected to the detection module for receiving the first signal of the detection module to control the robot to turn to avoid the stationary object; and a wireless transceiver unit electrically connected to the recognition module and the motion detection module for receiving the image, the second signal, and the third signal from the recognition module and the motion detection module to wirelessly transfer to a user at a remote surveillance device through a wireless communication protocol, wherein the light-emitting unit is a flickering light source, having a flickering frequency which is the same as an image capture frequency of the image capture unit wherein the detection module of the image processing unit examines and compares differences between two successive images captured by the image capture unit to identify change of the optical pattern.