A wheel end monitoring apparatus for a vehicle, the wheel end monitoring apparatus comprising: a wheel hub (100, 1200, 1300) having a mounting portion; a plurality of studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) of the wheel hub projecting from the mounting portion to mount a wheel rim to the wheel hub; nuts of the wheel hub configured to threadingly engage the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) and clamp the wheel rim and wheel hub mounting portion together; a power source (1204, 1301C, 1304) of the wheel hub and rotatable therewith; sensors of the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) operably coupled to the power source (1204, 1301C, 1304), the sensors configured to detect at least one property of the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) indicative of the clamping of the wheel rim and wheel hub; communication circuitry (1206, 1301B, 1310) of the wheel hub operably coupled to the power source (1204, 1301C, 1304) and sensors, the communication circuitry (1206, 1301B, 1310) configured to communicate data associated with the at least one property to an external device; characterised in that the mounting portion includes a flange; wherein the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) include heads secured to the flange and bodies projecting from the flange; and wherein the sensors include capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) in the stud heads and the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) include displacement members in the stud bodies that shift relative to the capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) upon clamping of the wheel hub mounting portion and the wheel rim, the capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) detecting the at least one property based upon capacitance between the capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) and the displacement members. a wheel hub (100, 1200, 1300) having a mounting portion; a plurality of studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) of the wheel hub projecting from the mounting portion to mount a wheel rim to the wheel hub; nuts of the wheel hub configured to threadingly engage the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) and clamp the wheel rim and wheel hub mounting portion together; a power source (1204, 1301C, 1304) of the wheel hub and rotatable therewith; sensors of the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) operably coupled to the power source (1204, 1301C, 1304), the sensors configured to detect at least one property of the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) indicative of the clamping of the wheel rim and wheel hub; communication circuitry (1206, 1301B, 1310) of the wheel hub operably coupled to the power source (1204, 1301C, 1304) and sensors, the communication circuitry (1206, 1301B, 1310) configured to communicate data associated with the at least one property to an external device; characterised in that the mounting portion includes a flange; wherein the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) include heads secured to the flange and bodies projecting from the flange; and wherein the sensors include capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) in the stud heads and the studs (103, 1000, 1202, 1301) include displacement members in the stud bodies that shift relative to the capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) upon clamping of the wheel hub mounting portion and the wheel rim, the capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) detecting the at least one property based upon capacitance between the capacitive sensors (405, 505, 635, 835) and the displacement members.