A method of constructing a data architecture for use in identifying connections between perturbagens and genes associated with skin tone, comprising: (a) providing a gene expression profile for a control human cell, wherein the control cell is from a human cell line selected from the group consisting of keratinocyte, fibroblast, melanocyte and melanoma cell lines; (b) generating a gene expression profile for a human cell exposed to at least one perturbagen, wherein the cell is selected from the same cell line as the control cell, and wherein the perturbagen comprises a skin pigmentation modifying agent that acts indirectly and induces a host response that suppresses pigmentation or induces a host response that enhances pigmentation, or acts directly to modify skin pigmentation; (c) identifying genes differentially expressed in response to the at least one perturbagen by comparing the gene expression profiles of (a) and (b); (d) creating an ordered list comprising identifiers representing the differentially expressed genes, wherein the identifiers are ordered according to the differential expression of the genes; (e) storing the ordered list as an instance on at least one computer readable medium, wherein the instance is a keratinocyte, fibroblast, melanocyte or melanoma instance according to the selection in (a); and (f) constructing a data architecture of stored instances by repeating (a) through (e), wherein the at least one perturbagen of step (b) is different qualitatively or quantitatively for each instance; wherein the step of constructing the data architecture of stored instances by repeating steps (a) through (e) comprises repeating steps (a) through (e) for between 50 and 50,000 instances (a) providing a gene expression profile for a control human cell, wherein the control cell is from a human cell line selected from the group consisting of keratinocyte, fibroblast, melanocyte and melanoma cell lines; (b) generating a gene expression profile for a human cell exposed to at least one perturbagen, wherein the cell is selected from the same cell line as the control cell, and wherein the perturbagen comprises a skin pigmentation modifying agent that acts indirectly and induces a host response that suppresses pigmentation or induces a host response that enhances pigmentation, or acts directly to modify skin pigmentation; (c) identifying genes differentially expressed in response to the at least one perturbagen by comparing the gene expression profiles of (a) and (b); (d) creating an ordered list comprising identifiers representing the differentially expressed genes, wherein the identifiers are ordered according to the differential expression of the genes; (e) storing the ordered list as an instance on at least one computer readable medium, wherein the instance is a keratinocyte, fibroblast, melanocyte or melanoma instance according to the selection in (a); and (f) constructing a data architecture of stored instances by repeating (a) through (e), wherein the at least one perturbagen of step (b) is different qualitatively or quantitatively for each instance; wherein the step of constructing the data architecture of stored instances by repeating steps (a) through (e) comprises repeating steps (a) through (e) for between 50 and 50,000 instances