A thermal, acid, and/or solvent resistant metal organic framework comprising a plurality of linked M-O-L secondary binding units (SBUs), wherein M is a zirconium or hafnium metal, a zirconium or hafnium metal ion, or a zirconium or hafnium metal containing complex; O is an oxygen atom of a carboxylate based linking cluster; and L is an organic linking ligand comprising one or more structures of Formula I to IX and XI to XXII, wherein the linking ligand forms a bond with the metal, metal ion or metal containing complex via the carboxylate based linking cluster: and wherein, A 1 -A 8 are independently a C, N, O, or S; A 9 is selected from X 1 -X 8 are independently selected from H, D, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hetero-alkyl, hetero-alkenyl, hetero-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hetero-aryl, heterocycle, halo, hydroxyl, anhydride, carbonyl, carboxyl, carbonate, carboxylate, aldehyde, haloformyl, ester, hydroperoxy, peroxy, ether, orthoester, carboxamide, amine, imine, imide, azide, azo, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrate, nitrile, isonitrile, nitroso, nitro, nitrosooxy, pyridyl, sulfhydryl, sulfide, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfo, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, carbonothioyl, phosphino, phosphono, phosphate, Si 3, Ge 3, Sn 3, Si 4, Ge 4, AsO 3 H, AsO 4 H, P 3, As 3, SO 3 H, Sn 4, (C 1 -C 20)alkyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkyl, (C 1 -C 20)alkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)alkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkenyl, aryl, mixed ring system, wherein one or more adjacent R groups can be linked together to form one or more rings selected from cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, aryl, and mixed ring system; R 37, R 39, R 48 and R 52 are hydroxyls; and R 1 to R 36, R 38, R 40 to R 47, R 49 to R 51, R 53 to R 64 and R 69 to R 186 are independently selected from H, D, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hetero-alkyl, hetero-alkenyl, hetero-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hetero-aryl, heterocycle, halo, hydroxyl, anhydride, carbonyl, carboxyl, carbonate, carboxylate, aldehyde, haloformyl, ester, hydroperoxy, peroxy, ether, orthoester, carboxamide, amine, imine, imide, azide, azo, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrate, nitrile, isonitrile, nitroso, nitro, nitrosooxy, pyridyl, sulfhydryl, sulfide, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfo, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, carbonothioyl, phosphino, phosphono, phosphate, Si 3, Ge 3, Sn 3, Si 4, Ge 4, AsO 3 H, AsO 4 H, P 3, As 3, SO 3 H, Sn 4, (C 1 -C 20)alkyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkyl, (C 1 -C 20)alkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)alkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkenyl, mixed ring system, wherein one or more adjacent R groups can be linked together to form one or more rings selected from cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, aryl, and mixed ring system; and wherein the framework is thermally stable when exposed to a temperature between 50 °C to 525 °C, and/or the framework is chemically stable in the presence of a solvent and/or an acid. A 1 -A 8 are independently a C, N, O, or S; A 9 is selected from X 1 -X 8 are independently selected from H, D, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hetero-alkyl, hetero-alkenyl, hetero-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hetero-aryl, heterocycle, halo, hydroxyl, anhydride, carbonyl, carboxyl, carbonate, carboxylate, aldehyde, haloformyl, ester, hydroperoxy, peroxy, ether, orthoester, carboxamide, amine, imine, imide, azide, azo, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrate, nitrile, isonitrile, nitroso, nitro, nitrosooxy, pyridyl, sulfhydryl, sulfide, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfo, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, carbonothioyl, phosphino, phosphono, phosphate, Si 3, Ge 3, Sn 3, Si 4, Ge 4, AsO 3 H, AsO 4 H, P 3, As 3, SO 3 H, Sn 4, (C 1 -C 20)alkyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkyl, (C 1 -C 20)alkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)alkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkenyl, aryl, mixed ring system, wherein one or more adjacent R groups can be linked together to form one or more rings selected from cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, aryl, and mixed ring system; R 37, R 39, R 48 and R 52 are hydroxyls; and R 1 to R 36, R 38, R 40 to R 47, R 49 to R 51, R 53 to R 64 and R 69 to R 186 are independently selected from H, D, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, hetero-alkyl, hetero-alkenyl, hetero-alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, hetero-aryl, heterocycle, halo, hydroxyl, anhydride, carbonyl, carboxyl, carbonate, carboxylate, aldehyde, haloformyl, ester, hydroperoxy, peroxy, ether, orthoester, carboxamide, amine, imine, imide, azide, azo, cyanate, isocyanate, nitrate, nitrile, isonitrile, nitroso, nitro, nitrosooxy, pyridyl, sulfhydryl, sulfide, disulfide, sulfinyl, sulfo, thiocyanate, isothiocyanate, carbonothioyl, phosphino, phosphono, phosphate, Si 3, Ge 3, Sn 3, Si 4, Ge 4, AsO 3 H, AsO 4 H, P 3, As 3, SO 3 H, Sn 4, (C 1 -C 20)alkyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkyl, (C 1 -C 20)alkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkenyl, (C 1 -C 19)alkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)heteroalkynyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 19)cycloalkenyl, mixed ring system, wherein one or more adjacent R groups can be linked together to form one or more rings selected from cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycle, aryl, and mixed ring system; and wherein the framework is thermally stable when exposed to a temperature between 50 °C to 525 °C, and/or the framework is chemically stable in the presence of a solvent and/or an acid.