An electrochemical cell comprising: a permeable fuel electrode configured to support a metal fuel thereon; an oxidant reduction electrode spaced from the fuel electrode; a liquid ionically conductive medium for conducting ions between the fuel and oxidant reduction electrodes to support electrochemical reactions at the fuel and oxidant reduction electrodes; a charging electrode selected from the group consisting of (a) the oxidant reduction electrode, (b) a separate charging electrode spaced from the permeable fuel electrode and the oxidant reduction electrode, and (c) a portion of the permeable fuel electrode; a gas bubble flow generator selected from the group consisting of (a) the charging electrode, and (b) a sparger spaced from the charging electrode, the gas bubble flow generator being configured to evolve gaseous oxygen bubbles that generate a flow of the liquid ionically conductive medium during a charging operation; and one or more flow diverting surfaces configured to establish, when the electrochemical cell is positioned such that the oxidant reduction electrode is in a vertical orientation, a closed circuit circulation path within the electrochemical cell that directs the flow of the liquid ionically conductive medium at least partially through the permeable fuel electrode; wherein the fuel electrode and the oxidant reduction electrode are configured to, during discharge, oxidize the metal fuel at the fuel electrode and reduce an oxidant at the oxidant reduction electrode to generate a discharge potential difference therebetween for application to a load and generate a by-product of the oxidized metal precipitated or solvated in the liquid ionically conductive medium; and wherein the fuel electrode and the charging electrode are configured to, during re-charge, reduce a reducible species of the metal fuel to electrodeposit the metal fuel on the fuel electrode and oxidize an oxidizable species of the oxidant by application of a re-charge potential difference therebetween from a power source. a permeable fuel electrode configured to support a metal fuel thereon; an oxidant reduction electrode spaced from the fuel electrode; a liquid ionically conductive medium for conducting ions between the fuel and oxidant reduction electrodes to support electrochemical reactions at the fuel and oxidant reduction electrodes; a charging electrode selected from the group consisting of (a) the oxidant reduction electrode, (b) a separate charging electrode spaced from the permeable fuel electrode and the oxidant reduction electrode, and (c) a portion of the permeable fuel electrode; a gas bubble flow generator selected from the group consisting of (a) the charging electrode, and (b) a sparger spaced from the charging electrode, the gas bubble flow generator being configured to evolve gaseous oxygen bubbles that generate a flow of the liquid ionically conductive medium during a charging operation; and one or more flow diverting surfaces configured to establish, when the electrochemical cell is positioned such that the oxidant reduction electrode is in a vertical orientation, a closed circuit circulation path within the electrochemical cell that directs the flow of the liquid ionically conductive medium at least partially through the permeable fuel electrode; wherein the fuel electrode and the oxidant reduction electrode are configured to, during discharge, oxidize the metal fuel at the fuel electrode and reduce an oxidant at the oxidant reduction electrode to generate a discharge potential difference therebetween for application to a load and generate a by-product of the oxidized metal precipitated or solvated in the liquid ionically conductive medium; and wherein the fuel electrode and the charging electrode are configured to, during re-charge, reduce a reducible species of the metal fuel to electrodeposit the metal fuel on the fuel electrode and oxidize an oxidizable species of the oxidant by application of a re-charge potential difference therebetween from a power source.