A method of aligning light-emitting elements, the method comprising: providing a base substrate and a plurality of conductive patterns on the base substrate, the plurality of conductive patterns being spaced apart from one another; spraying ink in which a plurality of light-emitting elements are dispersed on the base substrate, and positioning the plurality of light-emitting elements on the plurality of conductive patterns; and orienting the plurality of light-emitting elements by orienting one end of each of the plurality of light-emitting elements in a first direction, wherein the positioning of the plurality of light-emitting elements comprises: applying a first alignment signal to the plurality of conductive patterns to generate a first electromagnetic field on the plurality of conductive patterns, and positioning at least a portion of the plurality of light-emitting elements on the plurality of conductive patterns, characterised in that a first alignment electrode and a second alignment electrode are further arranged on the base substrate, the first alignment electrode and the second alignment electrode being spaced apart from each other in the first direction, and the orienting of the plurality of light-emitting elements comprises applying a second alignment signal to the first alignment electrode and the second alignment electrode to generate a second electromagnetic field on the base substrate, and to change positions and/or orientations of the plurality of light-emitting elements. providing a base substrate and a plurality of conductive patterns on the base substrate, the plurality of conductive patterns being spaced apart from one another; spraying ink in which a plurality of light-emitting elements are dispersed on the base substrate, and positioning the plurality of light-emitting elements on the plurality of conductive patterns; and orienting the plurality of light-emitting elements by orienting one end of each of the plurality of light-emitting elements in a first direction, wherein the positioning of the plurality of light-emitting elements comprises: applying a first alignment signal to the plurality of conductive patterns to generate a first electromagnetic field on the plurality of conductive patterns, and positioning at least a portion of the plurality of light-emitting elements on the plurality of conductive patterns, characterised in that a first alignment electrode and a second alignment electrode are further arranged on the base substrate, the first alignment electrode and the second alignment electrode being spaced apart from each other in the first direction, and the orienting of the plurality of light-emitting elements comprises applying a second alignment signal to the first alignment electrode and the second alignment electrode to generate a second electromagnetic field on the base substrate, and to change positions and/or orientations of the plurality of light-emitting elements. applying a first alignment signal to the plurality of conductive patterns to generate a first electromagnetic field on the plurality of conductive patterns, and positioning at least a portion of the plurality of light-emitting elements on the plurality of conductive patterns, characterised in that a first alignment electrode and a second alignment electrode are further arranged on the base substrate, the first alignment electrode and the second alignment electrode being spaced apart from each other in the first direction, and the orienting of the plurality of light-emitting elements comprises applying a second alignment signal to the first alignment electrode and the second alignment electrode to generate a second electromagnetic field on the base substrate, and to change positions and/or orientations of the plurality of light-emitting elements.