A method for detecting or determining the presence or amount of succinate in a sample, the method comprising: (a) contacting the sample with a first detection reagent to form a first reaction mixture; (b) contacting the first reaction mixture with a second detection reagent to form a second reaction mixture; and (c) detecting luminescence in the second reaction mixture, thereby detecting or determining the presence or amount of succinate in the sample; wherein if succinate is present in the sample, the first detection reagent and the second detection reagent converts the succinate to ATP, wherein: (i) the first detection reagent comprises 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), inorganic phosphate, and acetoacetyl-CoA and the second detection reagent comprises succinyl-CoA ligase, ADP, a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate; (ii) the first detection reagent comprises 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), inorganic phosphate, acetoacetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA ligase, ADP, magnesium chloride, and the second detection reagent comprises a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate; or (iii) the first detection reagent comprises GDP forming succinyl-CoA ligase (SCS-GDP), GTP, and coenzyme A and the second detection reagent comprises guanylate kinase (GMPK), ADP, a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate. (a) contacting the sample with a first detection reagent to form a first reaction mixture; (b) contacting the first reaction mixture with a second detection reagent to form a second reaction mixture; and (c) detecting luminescence in the second reaction mixture, thereby detecting or determining the presence or amount of succinate in the sample; wherein if succinate is present in the sample, the first detection reagent and the second detection reagent converts the succinate to ATP, wherein: (i) the first detection reagent comprises 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), inorganic phosphate, and acetoacetyl-CoA and the second detection reagent comprises succinyl-CoA ligase, ADP, a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate; (ii) the first detection reagent comprises 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), inorganic phosphate, acetoacetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA ligase, ADP, magnesium chloride, and the second detection reagent comprises a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate; or (iii) the first detection reagent comprises GDP forming succinyl-CoA ligase (SCS-GDP), GTP, and coenzyme A and the second detection reagent comprises guanylate kinase (GMPK), ADP, a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate. (i) the first detection reagent comprises 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), inorganic phosphate, and acetoacetyl-CoA and the second detection reagent comprises succinyl-CoA ligase, ADP, a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate; (ii) the first detection reagent comprises 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (SCOT), inorganic phosphate, acetoacetyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA ligase, ADP, magnesium chloride, and the second detection reagent comprises a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate; or (iii) the first detection reagent comprises GDP forming succinyl-CoA ligase (SCS-GDP), GTP, and coenzyme A and the second detection reagent comprises guanylate kinase (GMPK), ADP, a bioluminescent enzyme, and a luciferin substrate.