A Raman spectrum-based object inspection apparatus (300a, 300b, 300c, 300e), comprising: a laser device (10, 310) configured to emit a laser beam; an optical guiding device (20, 320) configured to guide the laser beam to an object (60, 330) to be detected and collect Raman scattered light from the object (60, 330); a spectrum generator (30, 340) configured to receive the Raman scattered light collected by the optical guiding device (20, 320) and generate a Raman spectroscopic signal; a spectrum analyzer configured to analyze the Raman spectroscopic signal to obtain an inspection result; and a monitoring device configured to monitor a state of the object and control an object inspection operation depending on the state of the object, wherein the monitoring device is configured to detect radiation energy of infrared light emitted from the object to monitor a temperature of the object; and characterized in that the monitoring device is further configured to: switch off the laser device after the laser device emits the laser beam for a predetermined period and determine security of the object on a basis of variation of temperature of the object in the predetermined period; when the state of the object is normal, start the laser device to emit a laser beam to the object and collect Raman scattered light from the object to detect a Raman spectrum of the object; otherwise, when the state of the object is abnormal, terminate the laser device to stop emitting the laser beam to interrupt detection. a laser device (10, 310) configured to emit a laser beam; an optical guiding device (20, 320) configured to guide the laser beam to an object (60, 330) to be detected and collect Raman scattered light from the object (60, 330); a spectrum generator (30, 340) configured to receive the Raman scattered light collected by the optical guiding device (20, 320) and generate a Raman spectroscopic signal; a spectrum analyzer configured to analyze the Raman spectroscopic signal to obtain an inspection result; and a monitoring device configured to monitor a state of the object and control an object inspection operation depending on the state of the object, wherein the monitoring device is configured to detect radiation energy of infrared light emitted from the object to monitor a temperature of the object; and characterized in that the monitoring device is further configured to: switch off the laser device after the laser device emits the laser beam for a predetermined period and determine security of the object on a basis of variation of temperature of the object in the predetermined period; when the state of the object is normal, start the laser device to emit a laser beam to the object and collect Raman scattered light from the object to detect a Raman spectrum of the object; otherwise, when the state of the object is abnormal, terminate the laser device to stop emitting the laser beam to interrupt detection. switch off the laser device after the laser device emits the laser beam for a predetermined period and determine security of the object on a basis of variation of temperature of the object in the predetermined period; when the state of the object is normal, start the laser device to emit a laser beam to the object and collect Raman scattered light from the object to detect a Raman spectrum of the object; otherwise, when the state of the object is abnormal, terminate the laser device to stop emitting the laser beam to interrupt detection.