A compound of formula 1: or stereoisomers, enantiomers, diastereoisomers, polymorphic forms, or pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof; wherein: R 1 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 2 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, bromine, chlorine or fluorine; R 3 and R 4 are, independently, fluorine or substituted or unsubstituted -CH 2 -O-R 5 -R 6; provided, however, that one of R 3 and R 4 is fluorine, but both R 3 and R 4 are not fluorine at the same time; R 5 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynylheteroaryl; and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, wherein: each of R 7 and R 8 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkylheteroaryl; or R 7 and R 8 may cooperate to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl ring system; R 9 is hydrogen, amido, carboximido, C 1-6 alkylamido, cycloalkylamido, C 1-6 alkylcarboximido, or cycloalkylcarboximido; each of R 10 and R 11 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; and R 12 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylheteroaryl, amido, carboximido, C 1-6 alkylamido, cycloalkylamido, C 1-6 alkylcarboximido, or cycloalkylcarboximido. R 1 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl; R 2 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C 1-6 alkyl, bromine, chlorine or fluorine; R 3 and R 4 are, independently, fluorine or substituted or unsubstituted -CH 2 -O-R 5 -R 6; provided, however, that one of R 3 and R 4 is fluorine, but both R 3 and R 4 are not fluorine at the same time; R 5 is substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylheteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynylheteroaryl; and R 6 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, wherein: each of R 7 and R 8 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkylheteroaryl; or R 7 and R 8 may cooperate to form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl, heterocycloalkyl, or heterocycloalkenyl ring system; R 9 is hydrogen, amido, carboximido, C 1-6 alkylamido, cycloalkylamido, C 1-6 alkylcarboximido, or cycloalkylcarboximido; each of R 10 and R 11 are independently hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl; and R 12 is selected from substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylaryl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylheteroaryl, amido, carboximido, C 1-6 alkylamido, cycloalkylamido, C 1-6 alkylcarboximido, or cycloalkylcarboximido.