A high-strength hot-dip galvanized steel sheet, comprising: a hot-dip galvanized layer on a surface of the steel sheet; a component composition containing, on a percent by mass basis: C: 0.12% to 0.35%, Si: 0.01% to 3.0%, Mn: 2.0% to 4.0%, P: 0.100% or less excluding 0 %, S: 0.02% or less excluding 0 %, and Al: 0.01% to 1.50%, and optionally one or more selected from: Ti: 0.005% to 0.20%, Nb: 0.005% to 0.20%, V: 0.005% to 2.0%, Mo: 0.005 to 2.0%, Cr: 0.005% to 2.0%, Ni: 0.005% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.005% to 2.0%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0050%, Ca: 0.001% to 0.005%, a REM: 0.001% to 0.005%, Sn: 0.001% to 0.05%, Sb: 0.001% to 0.05%, N: 0.01% or less, and Zr, Mg, La, and Ce: in a total amount of 0.002% or less, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities; and a steel microstructure containing, on an area percentage basis, 90% to 100% of martensite and carbide-containing bainite in total and 0% to 10% of retained austenite, and containing prior austenite grains having an aspect ratio of 2.0 or less, in a region extending from a position 300 μm to a position 400 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in a thickness direction, wherein the area percentages of carbide-containing bainite and martensite and the area percentage of retained austenite are determined according to the methods specified in the description, wherein a ratio of an average amount of C at a position 5 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction to an average amount of C at a position 70 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction is 0.20 to 0.80, and a ratio of a standard deviation of an amount of C to an average amount of C when analysis is performed with an FE-EPMA in a region extending from a position 300 μm to a position 400 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction is 0.40 or less. a hot-dip galvanized layer on a surface of the steel sheet; a component composition containing, on a percent by mass basis: C: 0.12% to 0.35%, Si: 0.01% to 3.0%, Mn: 2.0% to 4.0%, P: 0.100% or less excluding 0 %, S: 0.02% or less excluding 0 %, and Al: 0.01% to 1.50%, C: 0.12% to 0.35%, Si: 0.01% to 3.0%, Mn: 2.0% to 4.0%, P: 0.100% or less excluding 0 %, S: 0.02% or less excluding 0 %, and Al: 0.01% to 1.50%, and optionally one or more selected from: Ti: 0.005% to 0.20%, Nb: 0.005% to 0.20%, V: 0.005% to 2.0%, Mo: 0.005 to 2.0%, Cr: 0.005% to 2.0%, Ni: 0.005% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.005% to 2.0%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0050%, Ca: 0.001% to 0.005%, a REM: 0.001% to 0.005%, Sn: 0.001% to 0.05%, Sb: 0.001% to 0.05%, N: 0.01% or less, and Zr, Mg, La, and Ce: in a total amount of 0.002% or less, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities; and a steel microstructure containing, on an area percentage basis, 90% to 100% of martensite and carbide-containing bainite in total and 0% to 10% of retained austenite, and containing prior austenite grains having an aspect ratio of 2.0 or less, in a region extending from a position 300 μm to a position 400 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in a thickness direction, wherein the area percentages of carbide-containing bainite and martensite and the area percentage of retained austenite are determined according to the methods specified in the description, wherein a ratio of an average amount of C at a position 5 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction to an average amount of C at a position 70 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction is 0.20 to 0.80, and a ratio of a standard deviation of an amount of C to an average amount of C when analysis is performed with an FE-EPMA in a region extending from a position 300 μm to a position 400 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction is 0.40 or less. Ti: 0.005% to 0.20%, Nb: 0.005% to 0.20%, V: 0.005% to 2.0%, Mo: 0.005 to 2.0%, Cr: 0.005% to 2.0%, Ni: 0.005% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.005% to 2.0%, B: 0.0002% to 0.0050%, Ca: 0.001% to 0.005%, a REM: 0.001% to 0.005%, Sn: 0.001% to 0.05%, Sb: 0.001% to 0.05%, N: 0.01% or less, and Zr, Mg, La, and Ce: in a total amount of 0.002% or less, the balance being Fe and incidental impurities; and a steel microstructure containing, on an area percentage basis, 90% to 100% of martensite and carbide-containing bainite in total and 0% to 10% of retained austenite, and containing prior austenite grains having an aspect ratio of 2.0 or less, in a region extending from a position 300 μm to a position 400 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in a thickness direction, wherein the area percentages of carbide-containing bainite and martensite and the area percentage of retained austenite are determined according to the methods specified in the description, wherein a ratio of an average amount of C at a position 5 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction to an average amount of C at a position 70 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction is 0.20 to 0.80, and a ratio of a standard deviation of an amount of C to an average amount of C when analysis is performed with an FE-EPMA in a region extending from a position 300 μm to a position 400 μm from the surface layer of the steel sheet in the thickness direction is 0.40 or less.