A method for manufacturing a large-sized optical fiber preform, comprising: a) providing a lining tube as a substrate tube, and doping and depositing by a plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) process or a modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process, the lining tube being a fluorine-doped quartz glass lining tube or a pure quartz glass lining tube; for the pure quartz glass lining tube, its outer diameter being 45 - 55 mm, and its wall thickness being 2 - 4 mm; for the fluorine-doped quartz glass lining tube, the diameter of its inner hole being 25 - 40 mm, the cross sectional area thereof being 250 - 1800 mm 2, the relative refractive index difference of an inner interface of the lining tube being between -0.2% and -0.35%, and the relative refractive index difference of an outer interface of the lining tube being between -0.2% and -0.35%, and the hydroxyl content of the lining tube being equal to or smaller than 0.10 ppm; b) doping and depositing by the PCVD or MCVD process, in the reacting gas of silicon tetrachloride and oxygen, introducing a fluorine-containing gas for fluorine doping, introducing germanium tetrachloride for germanium doping, ionizing the reacting gas in the lining tube through microwaves to form plasma, depositing the plasma on the inner wall of the lining tube in the form of glass, and according to the doping requirements of the waveguide structure of optical fiber, changing the flow rate of gas doped in the mixed gas to deposit cladding layers and a core layer in sequence; c) after the completion of deposition, processing the deposited lining tube into a solid core rod by melting contraction through an electric heating furnace; d) sleeving the solid core rod into a pure quartz glass jacketing tube and manufacturing the two into an optical fiber preform by an RIC process, the difference between the diameter of the inner hole of the pure quartz glass jacketing tube and the diameter of the solid core rod being between 1.5 and 4 mm; or directly depositing a pure SiO 2 glass outer cladding layer on the core rod to obtain the optical fiber preform; and e) allowing the effective diameter d of the optical fiber preform to be between 95 and 205 mm. a) providing a lining tube as a substrate tube, and doping and depositing by a plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD) process or a modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD) process, the lining tube being a fluorine-doped quartz glass lining tube or a pure quartz glass lining tube; for the pure quartz glass lining tube, its outer diameter being 45 - 55 mm, and its wall thickness being 2 - 4 mm; for the fluorine-doped quartz glass lining tube, the diameter of its inner hole being 25 - 40 mm, the cross sectional area thereof being 250 - 1800 mm 2, the relative refractive index difference of an inner interface of the lining tube being between -0.2% and -0.35%, and the relative refractive index difference of an outer interface of the lining tube being between -0.2% and -0.35%, and the hydroxyl content of the lining tube being equal to or smaller than 0.10 ppm; b) doping and depositing by the PCVD or MCVD process, in the reacting gas of silicon tetrachloride and oxygen, introducing a fluorine-containing gas for fluorine doping, introducing germanium tetrachloride for germanium doping, ionizing the reacting gas in the lining tube through microwaves to form plasma, depositing the plasma on the inner wall of the lining tube in the form of glass, and according to the doping requirements of the waveguide structure of optical fiber, changing the flow rate of gas doped in the mixed gas to deposit cladding layers and a core layer in sequence; c) after the completion of deposition, processing the deposited lining tube into a solid core rod by melting contraction through an electric heating furnace; d) sleeving the solid core rod into a pure quartz glass jacketing tube and manufacturing the two into an optical fiber preform by an RIC process, the difference between the diameter of the inner hole of the pure quartz glass jacketing tube and the diameter of the solid core rod being between 1.5 and 4 mm; or directly depositing a pure SiO 2 glass outer cladding layer on the core rod to obtain the optical fiber preform; and e) allowing the effective diameter d of the optical fiber preform to be between 95 and 205 mm.