Prediction method of chemical-physical properties of a fraction of an atmospheric distillation of an oil, which comprises the following steps: - withdrawing a first sample of said oil and obtaining its 1H NMR spectrum; - withdrawing a second sample of said oil and analytically determining, according to standard analytical methods, the same chemical-physical properties for which it is desired to make a prediction with respect to said fraction of atmospheric distillation; - building an "expanded spectrum" by concatenating the 1H NMR spectrum of said first sample of said oil with the chemical and physical properties determined on said second sample of said oil; - obtaining the desired property of said distillation fraction inputting the data obtained from the preceding steps in a mathematical expression, representative of a prediction model, previously obtained by: I. selecting a set of oils similar to those on which the analysis will have to be carried out; II. obtaining the spectra of said oils through the 1H NMR technique; III. preparing atmospheric residues by distillation of said oils; IV. determining a set of chemical-physical properties of said oils by means of standard analytical methods; V. determining a set of chemical-physical properties of said atmospheric residues by means of standard analytical methods; and subsequent building and calibrating of the prediction model through the following steps: VI. producing a set of "expanded spectra", obtained by the concatenation of the data of chemical-physical properties of step IV, in the case of determination of chemical-physical properties of a fraction of atmospheric distillation with the spectra obtained in step II; VII. making a regression, with a method of multivariate calibration, of the set of "expanded spectra" obtained in step VI with the chemical-physical properties of the atmospheric residues of step V. - withdrawing a first sample of said oil and obtaining its 1H NMR spectrum; - withdrawing a second sample of said oil and analytically determining, according to standard analytical methods, the same chemical-physical properties for which it is desired to make a prediction with respect to said fraction of atmospheric distillation; - building an "expanded spectrum" by concatenating the 1H NMR spectrum of said first sample of said oil with the chemical and physical properties determined on said second sample of said oil; - obtaining the desired property of said distillation fraction inputting the data obtained from the preceding steps in a mathematical expression, representative of a prediction model, previously obtained by: I. selecting a set of oils similar to those on which the analysis will have to be carried out; II. obtaining the spectra of said oils through the 1H NMR technique; III. preparing atmospheric residues by distillation of said oils; IV. determining a set of chemical-physical properties of said oils by means of standard analytical methods; V. determining a set of chemical-physical properties of said atmospheric residues by means of standard analytical methods; and subsequent building and calibrating of the prediction model through the following steps: VI. producing a set of "expanded spectra", obtained by the concatenation of the data of chemical-physical properties of step IV, in the case of determination of chemical-physical properties of a fraction of atmospheric distillation with the spectra obtained in step II; VII. making a regression, with a method of multivariate calibration, of the set of "expanded spectra" obtained in step VI with the chemical-physical properties of the atmospheric residues of step V. I. selecting a set of oils similar to those on which the analysis will have to be carried out; II. obtaining the spectra of said oils through the 1H NMR technique; III. preparing atmospheric residues by distillation of said oils; IV. determining a set of chemical-physical properties of said oils by means of standard analytical methods; V. determining a set of chemical-physical properties of said atmospheric residues by means of standard analytical methods; VI. producing a set of "expanded spectra", obtained by the concatenation of the data of chemical-physical properties of step IV, in the case of determination of chemical-physical properties of a fraction of atmospheric distillation with the spectra obtained in step II; VII. making a regression, with a method of multivariate calibration, of the set of "expanded spectra" obtained in step VI with the chemical-physical properties of the atmospheric residues of step V.