A tube opening and closing device capable of opening and closing a lid of a tube which comprises a container, a lid coupled to the container so as to enable the container to be blocked, and a joint part for connecting the container and a first side of the lid, wherein a first side of the lid indicates a region coupled to the joint part, and a second side of the lid indicates a region facing the first side, the tube opening and closing device comprising: a tube supporting rack having a plurality of openings formed on one surface thereof, wherein the containers of the tubes are insertable into the plurality of openings, respectively; an opening and closing part positioned at an upper part of the tube supporting rack, rotating around a first rotary shaft, and having a coupling groove into which the second side of the lid, facing the first side of the lid, is allowed to be accommodated; and a driving part for rotating the opening and closing part, wherein the lid is opened and closed with respect to the container by the rotation of the opening and closing part; characterized in that the tube supporting rack comprises: a plurality of concave parts extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction crossing the first direction; and a plurality of convex parts each disposed between a pair of adjacent concave parts among the plurality of concave parts, and extending in the first direction to be parallel to the plurality of concave parts, wherein the plurality of openings is formed in the plurality of convex parts, respectively; wherein the plurality of openings is arranged in the first direction to be parallel to the plurality of convex parts, respectively; and wherein each convex part is configured so that each tube is insertable in the rack such that a virtual line connecting the first side and the second side of the lid is in parallel with the second direction, and configured such that the second side of the lid of the corresponding tube is projected in the second direction from the convex part when inserted in an opening. a tube supporting rack having a plurality of openings formed on one surface thereof, wherein the containers of the tubes are insertable into the plurality of openings, respectively; an opening and closing part positioned at an upper part of the tube supporting rack, rotating around a first rotary shaft, and having a coupling groove into which the second side of the lid, facing the first side of the lid, is allowed to be accommodated; and a driving part for rotating the opening and closing part, wherein the lid is opened and closed with respect to the container by the rotation of the opening and closing part; characterized in that the tube supporting rack comprises: a plurality of concave parts extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction crossing the first direction; and a plurality of convex parts each disposed between a pair of adjacent concave parts among the plurality of concave parts, and extending in the first direction to be parallel to the plurality of concave parts, a plurality of concave parts extending in a first direction and spaced apart from each other in a second direction crossing the first direction; and a plurality of convex parts each disposed between a pair of adjacent concave parts among the plurality of concave parts, and extending in the first direction to be parallel to the plurality of concave parts, wherein the plurality of openings is formed in the plurality of convex parts, respectively; wherein the plurality of openings is arranged in the first direction to be parallel to the plurality of convex parts, respectively; and wherein each convex part is configured so that each tube is insertable in the rack such that a virtual line connecting the first side and the second side of the lid is in parallel with the second direction, and configured such that the second side of the lid of the corresponding tube is projected in the second direction from the convex part when inserted in an opening.