An optical tomography apparatus comprising: - a polychromatic light source; - a one-dimensional optical sensor; - an interferometric microscope comprising: a first arm (BREF), called the reference arm, at the end of which a so-called reference mirror is arranged; a second arm (BOBJ), called the object arm; a beam splitter coupling said first and second arms to said polychromatic light source and to said sensor; and at least one lens (LO1, LO2, LO), said reference mirror being arranged in a focusing plane, located in the reference arm, of said or of one said lens (LO, LO1); - a one-dimensional confocal spatial filtering system (FE, FS, CIM), cooperating with said polychromatic light source to illuminate an object to be observed, arranged in said object arm (BOBJ), along a line, called the observation line, lying in a focusing plane, located in the object arm, of said or of one of said lens (LO, L02), and to form a one-dimensional image of said observation line on said sensor; characterized in that it also comprises: - an actuating system (PR, TR1, TR2, TR3) configured to move said observation line parallel to an optical axis extending along the object arm of said or of one of said lens (LO, L02) so as to perform a one-way scan of said object, while maintaining a zero optical path difference between, on the one hand, a first path from said beam splitter to said reference mirror and back through said reference arm and, on the other hand, a second path from said beam splitter to said observation line and back through said object arm; and - a processor programmed or configured to reconstruct a two-dimensional image of a section of said object to be observed, oriented parallel to said optical axis extending along the object arm of said lens (LO, L02), from a plurality of one-dimensional interferometric images acquired by said sensor in correspondence with different positions of said observation line during said one-way scan. - a polychromatic light source; - a one-dimensional optical sensor; - an interferometric microscope comprising: a first arm (BREF), called the reference arm, at the end of which a so-called reference mirror is arranged; a second arm (BOBJ), called the object arm; a beam splitter coupling said first and second arms to said polychromatic light source and to said sensor; and at least one lens (LO1, LO2, LO), said reference mirror being arranged in a focusing plane, located in the reference arm, of said or of one said lens (LO, LO1); - a one-dimensional confocal spatial filtering system (FE, FS, CIM), cooperating with said polychromatic light source to illuminate an object to be observed, arranged in said object arm (BOBJ), along a line, called the observation line, lying in a focusing plane, located in the object arm, of said or of one of said lens (LO, L02), and to form a one-dimensional image of said observation line on said sensor; characterized in that it also comprises: - an actuating system (PR, TR1, TR2, TR3) configured to move said observation line parallel to an optical axis extending along the object arm of said or of one of said lens (LO, L02) so as to perform a one-way scan of said object, while maintaining a zero optical path difference between, on the one hand, a first path from said beam splitter to said reference mirror and back through said reference arm and, on the other hand, a second path from said beam splitter to said observation line and back through said object arm; and - a processor programmed or configured to reconstruct a two-dimensional image of a section of said object to be observed, oriented parallel to said optical axis extending along the object arm of said lens (LO, L02), from a plurality of one-dimensional interferometric images acquired by said sensor in correspondence with different positions of said observation line during said one-way scan. - an actuating system (PR, TR1, TR2, TR3) configured to move said observation line parallel to an optical axis extending along the object arm of said or of one of said lens (LO, L02) so as to perform a one-way scan of said object, while maintaining a zero optical path difference between, on the one hand, a first path from said beam splitter to said reference mirror and back through said reference arm and, on the other hand, a second path from said beam splitter to said observation line and back through said object arm; and - a processor programmed or configured to reconstruct a two-dimensional image of a section of said object to be observed, oriented parallel to said optical axis extending along the object arm of said lens (LO, L02), from a plurality of one-dimensional interferometric images acquired by said sensor in correspondence with different positions of said observation line during said one-way scan.