A case heat dissipation structure, comprising: a case, which has a first heat dissipation chamber (100A1) and a second heat dissipation chamber (100A2) that are communicated with each other, wherein a plurality of heat sources are respectively mounted in the first heat dissipation chamber and the second heat dissipation chamber, a liquid inlet for cooling liquid to flow in and a liquid outlet for cooling liquid to flow out are provided on the case; and a heat exchange assembly, which is mounted in the first heat dissipation chamber, wherein the heat exchange assembly comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is arranged between the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet and is in liquid-communication through a liquid cooling pipeline; and a fan assembly, which is mounted in the first heat dissipation chamber or the second heat dissipation chamber, and is used for driving the air in the first heat dissipation chamber and the second heat dissipation chamber to circulate mutually and carry out heat exchange treatment through the heat exchanger in operation, wherein, a liquid cooling plate or an isolation plate is mounted in the case to form the first heat dissipation chamber and the second heat dissipation chamber, both ends of the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate are respectively provided with an air outlet and an air return port, wherein, the first heat dissipation chamber is located at a lower side of the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate, the heat exchanger is mounted between the middle part of the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate and the case bottom plate and is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate, and the heat exchanger is located on a suction side of the fan assembly and arranged close to the fan assembly. a case, which has a first heat dissipation chamber (100A1) and a second heat dissipation chamber (100A2) that are communicated with each other, wherein a plurality of heat sources are respectively mounted in the first heat dissipation chamber and the second heat dissipation chamber, a liquid inlet for cooling liquid to flow in and a liquid outlet for cooling liquid to flow out are provided on the case; and a heat exchange assembly, which is mounted in the first heat dissipation chamber, wherein the heat exchange assembly comprises a heat exchanger, the heat exchanger is arranged between the liquid inlet and the liquid outlet and is in liquid-communication through a liquid cooling pipeline; and a fan assembly, which is mounted in the first heat dissipation chamber or the second heat dissipation chamber, and is used for driving the air in the first heat dissipation chamber and the second heat dissipation chamber to circulate mutually and carry out heat exchange treatment through the heat exchanger in operation, wherein, a liquid cooling plate or an isolation plate is mounted in the case to form the first heat dissipation chamber and the second heat dissipation chamber, both ends of the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate are respectively provided with an air outlet and an air return port, wherein, the first heat dissipation chamber is located at a lower side of the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate, the heat exchanger is mounted between the middle part of the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate and the case bottom plate and is arranged along a direction perpendicular to the liquid cooling plate or the isolation plate, and the heat exchanger is located on a suction side of the fan assembly and arranged close to the fan assembly.