Measurement device for a spindle or for a rotary table, comprising at least two first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5) and at least two second position transducers (1.2, 1.4, 1.6) and a scale element (2.1) that has a first graduation (2.11) and a second graduation (2.12) and is arranged relative to the first and second position transducers (1.1 to 1.6) so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation, wherein - the first graduation (2.11) comprises regular structures arranged one behind the other along a first direction such that they are parallel to one another, wherein the first direction has a directional component in the circumferential direction (u), and - the second graduation (2.12) comprises regular structures arranged one behind the other along a second direction such that they are parallel to one another, wherein the second direction has a directional component in the axial direction (z), and - the at least two first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5) are arranged relative to one another such that they are offset in the circumferential direction (u), wherein the first graduation (2.11) is scannable by the at least two first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5) such that the lateral position of the scale element (2.1) is determinable in a plane oriented perpendicularly to the axis of rotation, wherein additionally an angular position of the scale element (2.1) in relation to the first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5) is determinable absolutely within a rotation by at least one of the first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5), and - the at least two second position transducers (1.2, 1.4, 1.6) are arranged relative to one another such that they are offset in the circumferential direction (u), wherein the second graduation (2.12) is scannable by the second position transducers (1.2, 1.4, 1.6) and the axial position of the scale element (2.1) is determinable. - the first graduation (2.11) comprises regular structures arranged one behind the other along a first direction such that they are parallel to one another, wherein the first direction has a directional component in the circumferential direction (u), and - the second graduation (2.12) comprises regular structures arranged one behind the other along a second direction such that they are parallel to one another, wherein the second direction has a directional component in the axial direction (z), and - the at least two first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5) are arranged relative to one another such that they are offset in the circumferential direction (u), wherein the first graduation (2.11) is scannable by the at least two first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5) such that the lateral position of the scale element (2.1) is determinable in a plane oriented perpendicularly to the axis of rotation, wherein additionally an angular position of the scale element (2.1) in relation to the first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5) is determinable absolutely within a rotation by at least one of the first position transducers (1.1, 1.3, 1.5), and - the at least two second position transducers (1.2, 1.4, 1.6) are arranged relative to one another such that they are offset in the circumferential direction (u), wherein the second graduation (2.12) is scannable by the second position transducers (1.2, 1.4, 1.6) and the axial position of the scale element (2.1) is determinable.