A system for controlling the pitch setting of a propeller vane for an aircraft turbine engine, comprising: - a vane comprising a blade connected to a root, the vane comprising a pitch axis and its root comprising a bulb which has two bearing surfaces, a lower bearing surface and an upper bearing surface respectively, which extend around said axis, and - a hub comprising an annular wall extending about said axis, this annular wall comprising a lower axial end closed by a bottom wall, and an upper axial end open and configured to allow the root of the vane to be mounted inside the hub, the bottom wall comprising a recess having a non-circular cross-section and configured to receive a free end of complementary shape to said root so that the hub is secured in rotation to the root about said axis, the system further comprising: - a ring which extends around said axis and which is mounted around the root and in the hub, this ring comprising a lower wall which is located in the hub and which comprises an aperture through which said free end of the root passes, said lower bearing surface of the bulb of the root being configured so as to bear at least in the axial direction on this lower wall, on the side opposite the blade of the vane, the ring further comprising a perforated intermediate wall and a thread at an upper end, - abutments (40, 40') which are arranged around said axis and which are mounted around the root and in the hub, these abutments (40, 40') being engaged in openings in said intermediate wall and in at least one housing (64, 68) of the annular wall of the hub, said upper bearing surface of the bulb of the root being configured to bear at least in the axial direction on these abutments (40, 40'), on the same side as the blade of the vane, and - a nut screwed onto the thread of the ring and configured to bear axially on said hub so that the tightening of the nut forces the lower wall of the ring to bear on the lower bearing surface of the bulb of the root, the upper bearing surface of this bulb to bear on the abutments (40, 40'), and these abutments (40, 40') to bear on complementary support surfaces (60a, 60b, 64a, 68a) of said at least one housing (64, 68) of the hub. - a vane comprising a blade connected to a root, the vane comprising a pitch axis and its root comprising a bulb which has two bearing surfaces, a lower bearing surface and an upper bearing surface respectively, which extend around said axis, and - a hub comprising an annular wall extending about said axis, this annular wall comprising a lower axial end closed by a bottom wall, and an upper axial end open and configured to allow the root of the vane to be mounted inside the hub, the bottom wall comprising a recess having a non-circular cross-section and configured to receive a free end of complementary shape to said root so that the hub is secured in rotation to the root about said axis, - a ring which extends around said axis and which is mounted around the root and in the hub, this ring comprising a lower wall which is located in the hub and which comprises an aperture through which said free end of the root passes, said lower bearing surface of the bulb of the root being configured so as to bear at least in the axial direction on this lower wall, on the side opposite the blade of the vane, the ring further comprising a perforated intermediate wall and a thread at an upper end, - abutments (40, 40') which are arranged around said axis and which are mounted around the root and in the hub, these abutments (40, 40') being engaged in openings in said intermediate wall and in at least one housing (64, 68) of the annular wall of the hub, said upper bearing surface of the bulb of the root being configured to bear at least in the axial direction on these abutments (40, 40'), on the same side as the blade of the vane, and - a nut screwed onto the thread of the ring and configured to bear axially on said hub so that the tightening of the nut forces the lower wall of the ring to bear on the lower bearing surface of the bulb of the root, the upper bearing surface of this bulb to bear on the abutments (40, 40'), and these abutments (40, 40') to bear on complementary support surfaces (60a, 60b, 64a, 68a) of said at least one housing (64, 68) of the hub.