A pilot signal transmission method, comprising: receiving n pilot signals sent from a base station through q groups of ports, wherein the q groups are obtained by the base station by grouping, based on that each group comprises n ports, p ports into the q groups according to directions of m beams, both m and p are positive integers greater than 1, and both n and q are positive integers greater than 1; and the i th port in each group is configured to send the i th pilot signal in the n pilot signals, wherein 1≤i≤n, and i is a positive integer; and measuring the n pilot signals, wherein, before the receiving n pilot signals from a base station through q groups of ports, the method further comprises: receiving signaling from the base station, wherein the signaling is used to indicate x pilot signal configurations corresponding to the q groups of ports, each group of the q groups is grouped into x subgroups, each subgroup comprises y ports, the j th subgroup in each group corresponds to the j th pilot signal configuration in the x pilot signal configurations, and the pilot signal configuration is used to indicate a time-frequency resource occupied by a pilot signal, wherein both x and y are positive integers greater than or equal to 1, 1≤j≤x, and j is a positive integer, wherein the measuring the n pilot signals comprises: measuring the n pilot signals on time-frequency resources respectively indicated by the x pilot signal configurations, to obtain x measurement results; and wherein the method further comprises: sending measurement information to the base station, wherein the measurement information comprises the x measurement results; and receiving, by using a data transmission beam, data from the base station, wherein the data transmission beam is determined by the base station according to the measurement information and received uplink power of the q groups of ports. receiving n pilot signals sent from a base station through q groups of ports, wherein the q groups are obtained by the base station by grouping, based on that each group comprises n ports, p ports into the q groups according to directions of m beams, both m and p are positive integers greater than 1, and both n and q are positive integers greater than 1; and the i th port in each group is configured to send the i th pilot signal in the n pilot signals, wherein 1≤i≤n, and i is a positive integer; and measuring the n pilot signals, wherein, before the receiving n pilot signals from a base station through q groups of ports, the method further comprises: receiving signaling from the base station, wherein the signaling is used to indicate x pilot signal configurations corresponding to the q groups of ports, each group of the q groups is grouped into x subgroups, each subgroup comprises y ports, the j th subgroup in each group corresponds to the j th pilot signal configuration in the x pilot signal configurations, and the pilot signal configuration is used to indicate a time-frequency resource occupied by a pilot signal, wherein both x and y are positive integers greater than or equal to 1, 1≤j≤x, and j is a positive integer, wherein the measuring the n pilot signals comprises: measuring the n pilot signals on time-frequency resources respectively indicated by the x pilot signal configurations, to obtain x measurement results; and wherein the method further comprises: sending measurement information to the base station, wherein the measurement information comprises the x measurement results; and receiving, by using a data transmission beam, data from the base station, wherein the data transmission beam is determined by the base station according to the measurement information and received uplink power of the q groups of ports. measuring the n pilot signals on time-frequency resources respectively indicated by the x pilot signal configurations, to obtain x measurement results; and wherein the method further comprises: sending measurement information to the base station, wherein the measurement information comprises the x measurement results; and receiving, by using a data transmission beam, data from the base station, wherein the data transmission beam is determined by the base station according to the measurement information and received uplink power of the q groups of ports. sending measurement information to the base station, wherein the measurement information comprises the x measurement results; and receiving, by using a data transmission beam, data from the base station, wherein the data transmission beam is determined by the base station according to the measurement information and received uplink power of the q groups of ports.