A compound of formula 4, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: q is 0, 1, or 2; s is 0, 1, or 2; R 3, each time taken, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-8 alkylamino, cyano, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy; R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethyl; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of R 6, each time taken, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and trifluoromethyl; R 7 is selected from the group consisting of cyano and cyanomethyl; and R 10, each time taken, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, hydroxy, amino, C 1-12 substituted amino, C 3-6 heterocyclyl, C 1-9 amide, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy; wherein C 1-12 substituted amino is a -NR j R k group in which R j is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl and R k is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-8 cycloalkyl; and wherein, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl is a C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 7 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, amino, C 1-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, C 3-6 heterocyclyl optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl; and wherein optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, C 3-6 heterocyclyl optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl, and optionally substituted phenyl; and wherein optionally substituted phenyl is a phenyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amino, C 1-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, and trifluoromethyl. q is 0, 1, or 2; s is 0, 1, or 2; R 3, each time taken, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, hydroxyl, amino, C 1-8 alkylamino, cyano, halo, C 1-6 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy; R 4 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, and trifluoromethyl; R 5 is selected from the group consisting of R 6, each time taken, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, C 1-6 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, and trifluoromethyl; R 7 is selected from the group consisting of cyano and cyanomethyl; and R 10, each time taken, is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, halo, hydroxy, amino, C 1-12 substituted amino, C 3-6 heterocyclyl, C 1-9 amide, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl, and C 1-4 alkoxy; wherein C 1-12 substituted amino is a -NR j R k group in which R j is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl and R k is selected from the group consisting of optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl, and C 3-8 cycloalkyl; and wherein, optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl is a C 1-6 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 7 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amide, amino, C 1-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, C 3-6 heterocyclyl optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-10 heteroaryl, and optionally substituted phenyl; and wherein optionally substituted C 1-4 alkyl is a C 1-4 alkyl optionally substituted with 1 to 6 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkoxy, cyano, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, halo, hydroxy, C 3-6 heterocyclyl optionally substituted on any ring nitrogen by C 1-4 alkyl, and optionally substituted phenyl; and wherein optionally substituted phenyl is a phenyl group optionally substituted with 1 to 5 substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, C 1-9 amino, C 1-8 alkylamino, C 1-5 oxycarbonyl, cyano, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, and trifluoromethyl.