A method for inspecting, during an inspection and monitoring phase, with the aid of a machine, transparent or translucent hollow articles (Aj) streaming at high speed in succession, past a series of monitoring stations each comprising at least one sensor (Ci) delivering an output signal (Si(j)) for each article (Aj) traveling past a sensor by considering that a sensor is able to see at least one article (Aj) travel past before the previous article (Aj-1) goes past the last sensor, the output signals (Si(j)) being processed so as to determine a result (Rj) indicating the compliant articles and the defective articles, the method comprising a phase of assessing the setting of the machine consisting in selecting reference articles (A'j), characterized in that it consists: a) during this inspection and monitoring phase: - in recording, in storage means, output signals (Si(j)) of the sensors (Ci), while associating with each of them an identifier (j) for the articles (Aj) concerned b) in implementing a phase of assessing the setting of the machine: - in selecting from among the output signals (Si(j)) recorded in the storage means, output signals (S'i(j)) corresponding to compliant and defective reference articles (A'j), - for each reference article (A'j) associated with the output signals (S'i(j)), an expected result (R'a(j)) regarding the compliant or defective character of the reference article (A'j) and recording it, c) and during said phase of assessing the setting of the machine: - in selecting together at least two recorded output signals [S'a(j)], [S'k(j)] corresponding to one and the same reference article, - in processing said recorded output signals [S'a(j)], [S'k(j)], so as to obtain after processing, a result (R'j) regarding the defective or compliant character of the reference articles (A'j), - and in comparing the result obtained by processing (R'j), regarding the defective or compliant character of each reference article with the expected result (R'a(j)) associated with each reference article so as to deduce the quality of setting of the machine. a) during this inspection and monitoring phase: - in recording, in storage means, output signals (Si(j)) of the sensors (Ci), while associating with each of them an identifier (j) for the articles (Aj) concerned - in recording, in storage means, output signals (Si(j)) of the sensors (Ci), while associating with each of them an identifier (j) for the articles (Aj) concerned b) in implementing a phase of assessing the setting of the machine: - in selecting from among the output signals (Si(j)) recorded in the storage means, output signals (S'i(j)) corresponding to compliant and defective reference articles (A'j), - for each reference article (A'j) associated with the output signals (S'i(j)), an expected result (R'a(j)) regarding the compliant or defective character of the reference article (A'j) and recording it, - in selecting from among the output signals (Si(j)) recorded in the storage means, output signals (S'i(j)) corresponding to compliant and defective reference articles (A'j), - for each reference article (A'j) associated with the output signals (S'i(j)), an expected result (R'a(j)) regarding the compliant or defective character of the reference article (A'j) and recording it, c) and during said phase of assessing the setting of the machine: - in selecting together at least two recorded output signals [S'a(j)], [S'k(j)] corresponding to one and the same reference article, - in processing said recorded output signals [S'a(j)], [S'k(j)], so as to obtain after processing, a result (R'j) regarding the defective or compliant character of the reference articles (A'j), - and in comparing the result obtained by processing (R'j), regarding the defective or compliant character of each reference article with the expected result (R'a(j)) associated with each reference article so as to deduce the quality of setting of the machine. - in selecting together at least two recorded output signals [S'a(j)], [S'k(j)] corresponding to one and the same reference article, - in processing said recorded output signals [S'a(j)], [S'k(j)], so as to obtain after processing, a result (R'j) regarding the defective or compliant character of the reference articles (A'j), - and in comparing the result obtained by processing (R'j), regarding the defective or compliant character of each reference article with the expected result (R'a(j)) associated with each reference article so as to deduce the quality of setting of the machine.