An optical component, comprising a base and a light splitting structure, a first filter, and a collimation lens that are disposed on the base, wherein the base is provided with a light inlet/outlet, a light splitting surface of the first filter is disposed facing the light inlet/outlet, and a first optical signal on a first path is incident on the light splitting surface of the first filter through the light inlet/outlet; the light splitting surface of the first filter reflects the first optical signal to the collimation lens along a second path, wherein the first path does not coincide with the second path, the collimation lens is disposed on the second path, and the collimation lens is configured to convert the first optical signal on the second path into parallel light; and an optical signal comprised in the first optical signal has at least one type of wavelength, and the light splitting structure is disposed on an emergent path of the first optical signal after the first optical signal passes through the collimation lens, and is configured to output, based on the wavelength type, the first optical signal adjusted by the collimation lens; the optical component further comprises a third filter disposed on the base, a first light inlet and a second light inlet, wherein the first light inlet is disposed opposite to the light inlet/outlet and a light splitting surface of the third filter is disposed facing the second light inlet; a third optical signal on a fifth path, passing through the first light inlet, is incident on the third filter, and the third filter transmits the third optical signal to the light inlet/outlet; and a fourth optical signal on a sixth path, passing through the second light inlet, is incident on the light splitting surface of the third filter, and the third filter reflects the fourth optical signal to the light inlet/outlet along a seventh path, wherein wavelength of the fourth optical signal is different from that of the third optical signal. the base is provided with a light inlet/outlet, a light splitting surface of the first filter is disposed facing the light inlet/outlet, and a first optical signal on a first path is incident on the light splitting surface of the first filter through the light inlet/outlet; the light splitting surface of the first filter reflects the first optical signal to the collimation lens along a second path, wherein the first path does not coincide with the second path, the collimation lens is disposed on the second path, and the collimation lens is configured to convert the first optical signal on the second path into parallel light; and an optical signal comprised in the first optical signal has at least one type of wavelength, and the light splitting structure is disposed on an emergent path of the first optical signal after the first optical signal passes through the collimation lens, and is configured to output, based on the wavelength type, the first optical signal adjusted by the collimation lens; the optical component further comprises a third filter disposed on the base, a first light inlet and a second light inlet, wherein the first light inlet is disposed opposite to the light inlet/outlet and a light splitting surface of the third filter is disposed facing the second light inlet; a third optical signal on a fifth path, passing through the first light inlet, is incident on the third filter, and the third filter transmits the third optical signal to the light inlet/outlet; and a fourth optical signal on a sixth path, passing through the second light inlet, is incident on the light splitting surface of the third filter, and the third filter reflects the fourth optical signal to the light inlet/outlet along a seventh path, wherein wavelength of the fourth optical signal is different from that of the third optical signal.