A method comprising: receiving, by a computing device and from a user-input device, user input indicating a request for content; determining whether the user-input device is co-located with a content-outputting device having a known location by: determining, by the computing device, audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-outputting device; transmitting, by the computing device and to the user-input device, a request for the user-input device to capture audio content detected by the user-input device; receiving, by the computing device and from the user-input device, the audio content detected by the user-input device; comparing, by the computing device, the audio content detected by the user-input device with the audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-outputting device; and based on determining that the audio content detected by the user-input device matches, with a similarity threshold, the audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-output device, determining that the user-input device is co-located with the content-outputting device at the known location; and based on determining that the user-input device is co-located with the content-outputting device at the known location, causing transmission of the content to the content-outputting device. receiving, by a computing device and from a user-input device, user input indicating a request for content; determining whether the user-input device is co-located with a content-outputting device having a known location by: determining, by the computing device, audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-outputting device; transmitting, by the computing device and to the user-input device, a request for the user-input device to capture audio content detected by the user-input device; receiving, by the computing device and from the user-input device, the audio content detected by the user-input device; comparing, by the computing device, the audio content detected by the user-input device with the audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-outputting device; and based on determining that the audio content detected by the user-input device matches, with a similarity threshold, the audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-output device, determining that the user-input device is co-located with the content-outputting device at the known location; and based on determining that the user-input device is co-located with the content-outputting device at the known location, causing transmission of the content to the content-outputting device. determining, by the computing device, audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-outputting device; transmitting, by the computing device and to the user-input device, a request for the user-input device to capture audio content detected by the user-input device; receiving, by the computing device and from the user-input device, the audio content detected by the user-input device; comparing, by the computing device, the audio content detected by the user-input device with the audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-outputting device; and based on determining that the audio content detected by the user-input device matches, with a similarity threshold, the audio content being transmitted to and output by the content-output device, determining that the user-input device is co-located with the content-outputting device at the known location; and based on determining that the user-input device is co-located with the content-outputting device at the known location, causing transmission of the content to the content-outputting device.