A system for optimization of current excitation for identification of battery electrochemical parameters, comprising: a current applying unit coupled to a battery; a voltage measuring unit configured to measure a voltage of the battery; and a control unit operably coupled to the current applying unit and the voltage measuring unit, wherein the control unit is configured to: determine a sensitivity transfer function corresponding to a partial derivative of an electrochemical parameter for a transfer function from a battery current to a particle surface concentration of an electrode by using an electrochemical model of the battery; characterized in that the control unit is also configured to: determine an overpotential slope corresponding to a partial derivative of the particle surface concentration for an overpotential of the electrode or a partial derivative of an electrochemical parameter for the overpotential of the electrode by using the particle surface concentration of the electrode and a Butler-Volmer equation defining a correlation between the electrochemical parameter and the overpotential of the electrode; determine an Open Circuit Potential, OCP, slope corresponding to the partial derivative of the particle surface concentration for an OCP function of the electrode; determine a sensitivity profile of the electrochemical parameter for a battery voltage of the electrochemical model in a time domain by using the sensitivity transfer function, the overpotential slope and the OCP slope; and change a battery current in the time domain and determine an optimal current profile so that a square integral of the sensitivity profile changing according to the battery current in the time domain is maximized. a current applying unit coupled to a battery; a voltage measuring unit configured to measure a voltage of the battery; and a control unit operably coupled to the current applying unit and the voltage measuring unit, wherein the control unit is configured to: determine a sensitivity transfer function corresponding to a partial derivative of an electrochemical parameter for a transfer function from a battery current to a particle surface concentration of an electrode by using an electrochemical model of the battery; characterized in that the control unit is also configured to: determine an overpotential slope corresponding to a partial derivative of the particle surface concentration for an overpotential of the electrode or a partial derivative of an electrochemical parameter for the overpotential of the electrode by using the particle surface concentration of the electrode and a Butler-Volmer equation defining a correlation between the electrochemical parameter and the overpotential of the electrode; determine an Open Circuit Potential, OCP, slope corresponding to the partial derivative of the particle surface concentration for an OCP function of the electrode; determine a sensitivity profile of the electrochemical parameter for a battery voltage of the electrochemical model in a time domain by using the sensitivity transfer function, the overpotential slope and the OCP slope; and change a battery current in the time domain and determine an optimal current profile so that a square integral of the sensitivity profile changing according to the battery current in the time domain is maximized. determine an overpotential slope corresponding to a partial derivative of the particle surface concentration for an overpotential of the electrode or a partial derivative of an electrochemical parameter for the overpotential of the electrode by using the particle surface concentration of the electrode and a Butler-Volmer equation defining a correlation between the electrochemical parameter and the overpotential of the electrode; determine an Open Circuit Potential, OCP, slope corresponding to the partial derivative of the particle surface concentration for an OCP function of the electrode; determine a sensitivity profile of the electrochemical parameter for a battery voltage of the electrochemical model in a time domain by using the sensitivity transfer function, the overpotential slope and the OCP slope; and change a battery current in the time domain and determine an optimal current profile so that a square integral of the sensitivity profile changing according to the battery current in the time domain is maximized.