A data transmission rate control method, comprising: receiving, by a terminal device, beam indication information sent by a base station, wherein the beam indication information comprises a set of N candidate beam pair links BPLs, and N≥1; receiving, by the terminal device, scheduling information sent by the base station, wherein the scheduling information comprises resource indication information and first modulation and coding indication information, and the first modulation and coding indication information comprises a first modulation and coding parameter MCS corresponding to a minimum transmission rate required for data transmission and/or a first rank indication RI corresponding to a minimum bandwidth required for data transmission; determining, by the terminal device, at least one beam based on the set of N candidate BPLs; determining, by the terminal device, second modulation and coding indication information according to the first modulation and coding indication information, wherein the second modulation and coding indication information comprises a second MCS and/or a second RI; adjusting, by the terminal, the first MCS and/or the first RI in the first modulation and coding indication information to determine the second MCS and/or the second RI, so that the second MCS is higher than the first MCS, and/or the second RI is higher than the first RI; transmitting, by the terminal device, data on the at least one beam according to the resource indication information and the second modulation and coding indication information; receiving, by the terminal device, acknowledgement information or negative acknowledgement information sent by the base station; and adjusting, by the terminal device, the second modulation and coding indication information based on the acknowledgement information or the negative acknowledgement information; wherein the adjusting, by the terminal device, the second modulation and coding indication information based on the acknowledgement information or the negative acknowledgement information comprises: increasing, by the terminal device, the second MCS and/or the second RI after consecutively receiving K1 pieces of acknowledgement information; or, decreasing, by the terminal device, the second MCS and/or the second RI after receiving K2 pieces of negative acknowledgement information in K3 consecutive subframes, wherein K1>0, K2>0, and K3>0. receiving, by a terminal device, beam indication information sent by a base station, wherein the beam indication information comprises a set of N candidate beam pair links BPLs, and N≥1; receiving, by the terminal device, scheduling information sent by the base station, wherein the scheduling information comprises resource indication information and first modulation and coding indication information, and the first modulation and coding indication information comprises a first modulation and coding parameter MCS corresponding to a minimum transmission rate required for data transmission and/or a first rank indication RI corresponding to a minimum bandwidth required for data transmission; determining, by the terminal device, at least one beam based on the set of N candidate BPLs; determining, by the terminal device, second modulation and coding indication information according to the first modulation and coding indication information, wherein the second modulation and coding indication information comprises a second MCS and/or a second RI; adjusting, by the terminal, the first MCS and/or the first RI in the first modulation and coding indication information to determine the second MCS and/or the second RI, so that the second MCS is higher than the first MCS, and/or the second RI is higher than the first RI; transmitting, by the terminal device, data on the at least one beam according to the resource indication information and the second modulation and coding indication information; receiving, by the terminal device, acknowledgement information or negative acknowledgement information sent by the base station; and adjusting, by the terminal device, the second modulation and coding indication information based on the acknowledgement information or the negative acknowledgement information; wherein the adjusting, by the terminal device, the second modulation and coding indication information based on the acknowledgement information or the negative acknowledgement information comprises: increasing, by the terminal device, the second MCS and/or the second RI after consecutively receiving K1 pieces of acknowledgement information; or, decreasing, by the terminal device, the second MCS and/or the second RI after receiving K2 pieces of negative acknowledgement information in K3 consecutive subframes, wherein K1>0, K2>0, and K3>0. increasing, by the terminal device, the second MCS and/or the second RI after consecutively receiving K1 pieces of acknowledgement information; or, decreasing, by the terminal device, the second MCS and/or the second RI after receiving K2 pieces of negative acknowledgement information in K3 consecutive subframes, wherein K1>0, K2>0, and K3>0.