A plant cultivation system comprising: a plurality of racks, each of the plurality of racks comprising a plurality of cultivation vessels for cultivating a plant; a travel line (A, B, C) comprising a guide rail on which the plurality of racks are arranged in such a manner that the plurality of racks can be in contact or separated, the guide rail guiding the plurality of racks to integrally advance; and a first electric wire installed above and along the travel line; and a plurality of second electric wires, which branch from the first electric wire, and which is to be connected to each of the plurality of racks; wherein each of the plurality of racks comprises: a water supply pipe for supplying water to a respective cultivation vessel of the plurality of cultivation vessels; a water drain pipe for draining water from each of the plurality of cultivation vessels; a pump and a tank, provided at a lower portion of the racks, for circulating water between the water supply pipe and the water drain pipe; an illumination means for illuminating a plant cultivated in the plurality of cultivation vessels; and one of the plurality of second electric wires which branches from the first electric wire, and wherein the pump is configured so that water supplied from the water supply pipe to the cultivation vessels flows back to the water supply pipe after returning to the tank via the water drain pipe to enable water to circulate in each of the racks, and wherein the first electric wire and the plurality of second electric wires are electric wires for driving the pump and the illumination means, wherein the first rack of the plurality of racks can advance away from the following rack (s) of the plurality of racks in accordance with a growth state of a plant cultivated in the plurality of cultivation vessels. a plurality of racks, each of the plurality of racks comprising a plurality of cultivation vessels for cultivating a plant; a travel line (A, B, C) comprising a guide rail on which the plurality of racks are arranged in such a manner that the plurality of racks can be in contact or separated, the guide rail guiding the plurality of racks to integrally advance; and a first electric wire installed above and along the travel line; and a plurality of second electric wires, which branch from the first electric wire, and which is to be connected to each of the plurality of racks; wherein each of the plurality of racks comprises: a water supply pipe for supplying water to a respective cultivation vessel of the plurality of cultivation vessels; a water drain pipe for draining water from each of the plurality of cultivation vessels; a pump and a tank, provided at a lower portion of the racks, for circulating water between the water supply pipe and the water drain pipe; an illumination means for illuminating a plant cultivated in the plurality of cultivation vessels; and one of the plurality of second electric wires which branches from the first electric wire, and wherein the pump is configured so that water supplied from the water supply pipe to the cultivation vessels flows back to the water supply pipe after returning to the tank via the water drain pipe to enable water to circulate in each of the racks, and wherein the first electric wire and the plurality of second electric wires are electric wires for driving the pump and the illumination means, wherein the pump is configured so that water supplied from the water supply pipe to the cultivation vessels flows back to the water supply pipe after returning to the tank via the water drain pipe to enable water to circulate in each of the racks, and wherein the first electric wire and the plurality of second electric wires are electric wires for driving the pump and the illumination means, wherein the first rack of the plurality of racks can advance away from the following rack (s) of the plurality of racks in accordance with a growth state of a plant cultivated in the plurality of cultivation vessels.