A lighting apparatus, comprising: an outer casing that is thermally and electrically conductive; a light emitting diode ("LED") package contained within the outer casing, said LED package comprising: a substrate; an LED on the substrate; a first electrically conductive pad; a second electrically conductive pad; and a thermal pad configured for removing heat from the LED to outside of the LED package; wherein the first and second electrically conductive pads are configured to provide power to cause the LED to emit light; wherein the first and second electrically conductive pads (6; 7) and the thermal pad are located on a rear surface of the substrate opposite from the front surface of the LED package; and a thermally and electrically conductive heatsink assembly held within and in thermal and electrical contact with the outer casing, said heatsink assembly comprising: an outer electrically conductive member that is thermally conductive and is held within and in thermal and electrical contact with the outer casing; a core of an electrically insulating material which is held within a cavity formed in the outer electrically conductive member; and a second electrically conductive member which is positioned and electrically isolated from the outer electrically conductive member by the core; wherein the first electrically conductive pad and the thermal pad are thermally and electrically bonded to a first top surface of the outer electrically conductive member without use of a printed circuit board and the second electrically conductive pad is electrically bonded to the second electrically conductive member, wherein the lighting apparatus is comprised of a flashlight and the outer casing is comprised of a flashlight barrel. an outer casing that is thermally and electrically conductive; a light emitting diode ("LED") package contained within the outer casing, said LED package comprising: a substrate; an LED on the substrate; a first electrically conductive pad; a second electrically conductive pad; and a thermal pad configured for removing heat from the LED to outside of the LED package; a substrate; an LED on the substrate; a first electrically conductive pad; a second electrically conductive pad; and a thermal pad configured for removing heat from the LED to outside of the LED package; wherein the first and second electrically conductive pads are configured to provide power to cause the LED to emit light; wherein the first and second electrically conductive pads (6; 7) and the thermal pad are located on a rear surface of the substrate opposite from the front surface of the LED package; and a thermally and electrically conductive heatsink assembly held within and in thermal and electrical contact with the outer casing, said heatsink assembly comprising: an outer electrically conductive member that is thermally conductive and is held within and in thermal and electrical contact with the outer casing; a core of an electrically insulating material which is held within a cavity formed in the outer electrically conductive member; and a second electrically conductive member which is positioned and electrically isolated from the outer electrically conductive member by the core; an outer electrically conductive member that is thermally conductive and is held within and in thermal and electrical contact with the outer casing; a core of an electrically insulating material which is held within a cavity formed in the outer electrically conductive member; and a second electrically conductive member which is positioned and electrically isolated from the outer electrically conductive member by the core; wherein the first electrically conductive pad and the thermal pad are thermally and electrically bonded to a first top surface of the outer electrically conductive member without use of a printed circuit board and the second electrically conductive pad is electrically bonded to the second electrically conductive member, wherein the lighting apparatus is comprised of a flashlight and the outer casing is comprised of a flashlight barrel.