A fully automatic microorganism identification and drug sensitivity analysis system, comprising a whole housing, characterized in that, a sample addition unit, a sample identification and recording unit, a microplate carrying unit, an incubation unit, a testing unit and a microplate transfer unit are provided in an internal chamber of the whole housing; the sample addition unit automatically carries out mounting/dismounting of a pipette tip, aspiration of a pipette body and sample addition on a microplate; the sample identification and recording unit is located on one side of the sample addition unit, and scans, records and automatically selects a sample bottle filled with a sample; the sample identification and recording unit includes an annular tray, a plurality of clamping grooves for inserting sample bottles are evenly distributed on a circumference of the annular tray, a patient information barcode is pasted on outer side wall of the sample bottle; a barcode scanner corresponding to position of the patient information barcode on any sample bottle is fixedly provided outside the annular tray on the sample support base; the microplate carrying unit is located on the other side of the sample addition unit, and is used for loading, scanning and recording the microplate; the microplate carrying unit includes a microplate release mechanism; the microplate release mechanism includes a microplate dropping opening, a U-shaped through slot corresponding to a position of an information barcode on the microplate is provided on one side of the microplate dropping opening to cooperate with an external scanning mechanism to scan the microplate, and to store and record the information; the incubation unit incubates the microplate after the sample addition; the testing unit carries out the identification and the drug sensitivity testing on the microplate after being incubated; the microplate transfer unit comprises a longitudinal arm plate moving linearly along an X-axis direction; the microplate carrying unit, the sample addition unit and the incubation unit are sequentially provided on an X-axis movement path of the longitudinal arm plate; the longitudinal arm plate comprises a microplate transfer cantilever arm moving along a Y-axis direction; the microplate carrying unit scans the microplate in the microplate release mechanism, and the sample identification and recording unit scans the sample bottles placed on the annular tray at the same time; the system automatically matches category information of the microplate and the sample bottle; after matching is successful, the microplate transfer unit takes out the microplate from a microplate carrying unit; then the system automatically selects the corresponding sample bottle according to the category information of the microplate; a pipette moves to the target sample bottle for aspiration; then the pipette runs to the microplate to add the liquid. After the sample addition is completed, the microplate transfer unit carries the microplate, and transports it to the incubation unit for incubation; after the incubation is completed, the testing unit removes the microplate from inside of the incubation unit for identification and drug sensitivity testing; after the test, the microplate is put back to an original position in the incubation unit, and a test data is displayed on the computer. the microplate carrying unit is located on the other side of the sample addition unit, and is used for loading, scanning and recording the microplate; the microplate carrying unit includes a microplate release mechanism; the microplate release mechanism includes a microplate dropping opening, a U-shaped through slot corresponding to a position of an information barcode on the microplate is provided on one side of the microplate dropping opening to cooperate with an external scanning mechanism to scan the microplate, and to store and record the information; the incubation unit incubates the microplate after the sample addition; the testing unit carries out the identification and the drug sensitivity testing on the microplate after being incubated; the microplate transfer unit comprises a longitudinal arm plate moving linearly along an X-axis direction; the microplate carrying unit, the sample addition unit and the incubation unit are sequentially provided on an X-axis movement path of the longitudinal arm plate; the longitudinal arm plate comprises a microplate transfer cantilever arm moving along a Y-axis direction; the microplate carrying unit scans the microplate in the microplate release mechanism, and the sample identification and recording unit scans the sample bottles placed on the annular tray at the same time; the system automatically matches category information of the microplate and the sample bottle; after matching is successful, the microplate transfer unit takes out the microplate from a microplate carrying unit; then the system automatically selects the corresponding sample bottle according to the category information of the microplate; a pipette moves to the target sample bottle for aspiration; then the pipette runs to the microplate to add the liquid. After the sample addition is completed, the microplate transfer unit carries the microplate, and transports it to the incubation unit for incubation; after the incubation is completed, the testing unit removes the microplate from inside of the incubation unit for identification and drug sensitivity testing; after the test, the microplate is put back to an original position in the incubation unit, and a test data is displayed on the computer.