A method of producing an aluminate fluorescent material, comprising: a step of subjecting a first mixture prepared by mixing - a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, - at least one compound selected from a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu and - a compound containing Al, - and optionally a compound containing Mg, to a first heat treatment to give a first calcined product having an average particle diameter D1, as measured according to a Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer method, of 6 μm or more, and a step of subjecting a second mixture prepared by mixing - a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, - at least one compound selected from a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu, - a compound containing Al and - the first calcined product whose content is 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less relative to the total amount of the second mixture, - and optionally a compound containing Mg, to a second heat treatment to give a second calcined product, wherein at least one of the first calcined product and/or the second calcined product has a composition represented by the following formula: X 1 p Eu t Mg q Mn r Al s O p+t+q+r+1.5s wherein X 1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, and p, q, r, s, and t each satisfies 0.5 ≤ p ≤ 1.0, 0 ≤ q ≤ 1.0, 0 ≤ r ≤ 0.7, 8.5 ≤ s ≤ 13.0, 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.5, 0.5 ≤ p + t ≤ 1.2, 0.1 ≤ r + t ≤ 0.7, and 0.2 ≤ q + r ≤ 1.0. a step of subjecting a first mixture prepared by mixing - a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, - at least one compound selected from a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu and - a compound containing Al, - and optionally a compound containing Mg, - a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, - at least one compound selected from a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu and - a compound containing Al, - and optionally a compound containing Mg, to a first heat treatment to give a first calcined product having an average particle diameter D1, as measured according to a Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer method, of 6 μm or more, and a step of subjecting a second mixture prepared by mixing - a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, - at least one compound selected from a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu, - a compound containing Al and - the first calcined product whose content is 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less relative to the total amount of the second mixture, - and optionally a compound containing Mg, - a compound containing at least one metal element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, - at least one compound selected from a compound containing Mn and a compound containing Eu, - a compound containing Al and - the first calcined product whose content is 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less relative to the total amount of the second mixture, - and optionally a compound containing Mg, to a second heat treatment to give a second calcined product, wherein at least one of the first calcined product and/or the second calcined product has a composition represented by the following formula: X 1 p Eu t Mg q Mn r Al s O p+t+q+r+1.5s wherein X 1 represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ba, Sr and Ca, and p, q, r, s, and t each satisfies 0.5 ≤ p ≤ 1.0, 0 ≤ q ≤ 1.0, 0 ≤ r ≤ 0.7, 8.5 ≤ s ≤ 13.0, 0 ≤ t ≤ 0.5, 0.5 ≤ p + t ≤ 1.2, 0.1 ≤ r + t ≤ 0.7, and 0.2 ≤ q + r ≤ 1.0.