A high-resolution retinal imaging device comprising - at least one emission source (LS r) for emitting a light beam for the illumination of the retina of an eye of a subject, emitting in a given range of imaging wavelengths, - a retina imaging path comprising a detection device capable of detecting spatial-frequency structures of 250 cycles/mm measured in the plane of the retina and an optical imaging system, - an analysis path comprising a device for measuring optical defects with an analysis plane intended to receive a set of light rays backscattered by the retina and means for optically conjugating said analysis plane with a predetermined plane in the input space of said optical imaging system, a correction device comprising a correction plane and intended to correct in said correction plane the light rays from said emission source (LS r) and backscattered by the retina as a function of the optical defects measured by the device for measuring optical defects, said correction plane being optically conjugated with said predetermined plane in the input space of the optical imaging system of the imaging path, the retinal imaging device being characterized in that: the input pupil of said optical imaging system has a diameter between a first value Φ min and a second value Φ max, the first value being defined to allow for the detection by said detection device at the central wavelength of said range of imaging wavelengths of structures of the retina having a spatial frequency of 250 cycles per millimeter, and the second value being less than 5.75 mm. - at least one emission source (LS r) for emitting a light beam for the illumination of the retina of an eye of a subject, emitting in a given range of imaging wavelengths, - a retina imaging path comprising a detection device capable of detecting spatial-frequency structures of 250 cycles/mm measured in the plane of the retina and an optical imaging system, - an analysis path comprising a device for measuring optical defects with an analysis plane intended to receive a set of light rays backscattered by the retina and means for optically conjugating said analysis plane with a predetermined plane in the input space of said optical imaging system, a correction device comprising a correction plane and intended to correct in said correction plane the light rays from said emission source (LS r) and backscattered by the retina as a function of the optical defects measured by the device for measuring optical defects, said correction plane being optically conjugated with said predetermined plane in the input space of the optical imaging system of the imaging path, the retinal imaging device being characterized in that: the input pupil of said optical imaging system has a diameter between a first value Φ min and a second value Φ max, the first value being defined to allow for the detection by said detection device at the central wavelength of said range of imaging wavelengths of structures of the retina having a spatial frequency of 250 cycles per millimeter, and the second value being less than 5.75 mm. the input pupil of said optical imaging system has a diameter between a first value Φ min and a second value Φ max, the first value being defined to allow for the detection by said detection device at the central wavelength of said range of imaging wavelengths of structures of the retina having a spatial frequency of 250 cycles per millimeter, and the second value being less than 5.75 mm.