A solar cell, comprising: a substrate; a first passivation film and an anti-reflection layer sequentially formed on a front surface of the substrate; and a tunneling layer and a field passivation layer sequentially formed on a rear surface of the substrate; wherein: the field passivation layer includes a first portion configured to be in contact connection with electrodes to be formed on the field passivation layer, and a second portion, the first portion being between the substrate and the electrodes in a direction away from the substrate toward the field passivation layer, and the second portion being between adjacent electrodes of the electrodes; a conductivity of the first portion is greater than a conductivity of the second portion, and a thickness of the second portion is smaller than a thickness of the first portion; a surface doping concentration of a top surface of the second portion facing away from the substrate is lower than a surface doping concentration of a top surface of the first portion facing away from the substrate; the second portion has an absorption coefficient smaller than an absorption coefficient of the first portion; a bottom surface of the second portion is flush with a bottom surface of the first portion in the direction away from the substrate toward the field passivation layer; and a thickness of the second portion is different from a thickness of the first portion by 50 nm~80 nm. a substrate; a first passivation film and an anti-reflection layer sequentially formed on a front surface of the substrate; and a tunneling layer and a field passivation layer sequentially formed on a rear surface of the substrate; wherein: the field passivation layer includes a first portion configured to be in contact connection with electrodes to be formed on the field passivation layer, and a second portion, the first portion being between the substrate and the electrodes in a direction away from the substrate toward the field passivation layer, and the second portion being between adjacent electrodes of the electrodes; a conductivity of the first portion is greater than a conductivity of the second portion, and a thickness of the second portion is smaller than a thickness of the first portion; a surface doping concentration of a top surface of the second portion facing away from the substrate is lower than a surface doping concentration of a top surface of the first portion facing away from the substrate; the second portion has an absorption coefficient smaller than an absorption coefficient of the first portion; a bottom surface of the second portion is flush with a bottom surface of the first portion in the direction away from the substrate toward the field passivation layer; and a thickness of the second portion is different from a thickness of the first portion by 50 nm~80 nm. the field passivation layer includes a first portion configured to be in contact connection with electrodes to be formed on the field passivation layer, and a second portion, the first portion being between the substrate and the electrodes in a direction away from the substrate toward the field passivation layer, and the second portion being between adjacent electrodes of the electrodes; a conductivity of the first portion is greater than a conductivity of the second portion, and a thickness of the second portion is smaller than a thickness of the first portion; a surface doping concentration of a top surface of the second portion facing away from the substrate is lower than a surface doping concentration of a top surface of the first portion facing away from the substrate; the second portion has an absorption coefficient smaller than an absorption coefficient of the first portion; a bottom surface of the second portion is flush with a bottom surface of the first portion in the direction away from the substrate toward the field passivation layer; and a thickness of the second portion is different from a thickness of the first portion by 50 nm~80 nm.