A method for testing cellular level water content and distribution in fruit and vegetable tissues based on Raman spectroscopy, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps: cutting fruits and vegetables for testing into a sample; placing the sample in a stage of a laser confocal microscope for imaging spectrum acquisition; specifically, selecting a cell region from the sample by an objective lens of the laser confocal microscope, then meshing the selected cell region to obtain uniformly distributed intersection points, then marking the corresponding coordinate information of each intersection point in the selected cell region, and then scanning each intersection point to obtain the corresponding Raman spectrum of water at each intersection point in the cell region; wherein the step size of the grid is 3-5 μm; processing the Raman spectra obtained in step for smoothing noise reduction and removing fluorescence background, and then performing the Gaussian peak fitting; wherein five sub-peaks at 3000-3800 cm -1 and two or three sub-peaks at 2700-3000 cm -1 are obtained for each Raman spectrum; summing up the areas of the five sub-peaks at 3000-3800 cm -1 after the peak fitting of each Raman spectrum to obtain the corresponding water content A at the intersection point in the cell region, and then determining the bonding state of the corresponding water molecules at the intersection point according to the ratio R of the peak area of the sub-peak centered at 3410-3440 cm -1 to the peak area of the sub-peak centered at 3200-3220 cm -1; and by combining with the coordinate information of each intersection point, using the corresponding water content A and ratio R at all the intersection points as pixels for pseudocolor imaging to obtain the distribution of water content and water bonding state at the cell level in the fruit and vegetable tissues. cutting fruits and vegetables for testing into a sample; placing the sample in a stage of a laser confocal microscope for imaging spectrum acquisition; specifically, selecting a cell region from the sample by an objective lens of the laser confocal microscope, then meshing the selected cell region to obtain uniformly distributed intersection points, then marking the corresponding coordinate information of each intersection point in the selected cell region, and then scanning each intersection point to obtain the corresponding Raman spectrum of water at each intersection point in the cell region; wherein the step size of the grid is 3-5 μm; processing the Raman spectra obtained in step for smoothing noise reduction and removing fluorescence background, and then performing the Gaussian peak fitting; wherein five sub-peaks at 3000-3800 cm -1 and two or three sub-peaks at 2700-3000 cm -1 are obtained for each Raman spectrum; summing up the areas of the five sub-peaks at 3000-3800 cm -1 after the peak fitting of each Raman spectrum to obtain the corresponding water content A at the intersection point in the cell region, and then determining the bonding state of the corresponding water molecules at the intersection point according to the ratio R of the peak area of the sub-peak centered at 3410-3440 cm -1 to the peak area of the sub-peak centered at 3200-3220 cm -1; and by combining with the coordinate information of each intersection point, using the corresponding water content A and ratio R at all the intersection points as pixels for pseudocolor imaging to obtain the distribution of water content and water bonding state at the cell level in the fruit and vegetable tissues.