An apparatus for preparing a metal based on solar energy thermal reduction, comprising a solar energy collection and photothermal conversion system and a thermal reduction system; wherein the solar energy collection and photothermal conversion system comprises: a solar energy collection device, a solar energy concentration device, and a solar energy transfer device or a photothermal conversion and transfer device, wherein the solar energy collection device is configured to collect sunlight, the solar energy concentration device is connected to the solar energy collection device and is configured to concentrate the collected sunlight, the solar energy transfer device is connected to the solar energy collection device and is configured to transfer the concentrated sunlight, and the photothermal conversion and transfer device is connected to the solar energy concentration device and is configured to convert concentrated solar energy into thermal energy and transfer the thermal energy; and the thermal reduction system comprises: a metal reduction chamber, an electric field and/or magnetic field generation device, and a separation and cooling device, wherein the metal reduction chamber is connected to the solar energy collection and photothermal conversion system and is configured to receive the solar energy or the thermal energy converted from the solar energy such that a metal oxide therein is heated and decomposed, the electric field and/or magnetic field generation device is configured to generate an electric field/magnetic field separated and decomposed product, and the separation and cooling device is configured to form a low temperature region for cooling the decomposed product and respectively generating a liquid metal and a gaseous oxygen. the solar energy collection and photothermal conversion system comprises: a solar energy collection device, a solar energy concentration device, and a solar energy transfer device or a photothermal conversion and transfer device, wherein the solar energy collection device is configured to collect sunlight, the solar energy concentration device is connected to the solar energy collection device and is configured to concentrate the collected sunlight, the solar energy transfer device is connected to the solar energy collection device and is configured to transfer the concentrated sunlight, and the photothermal conversion and transfer device is connected to the solar energy concentration device and is configured to convert concentrated solar energy into thermal energy and transfer the thermal energy; and the thermal reduction system comprises: a metal reduction chamber, an electric field and/or magnetic field generation device, and a separation and cooling device, wherein the metal reduction chamber is connected to the solar energy collection and photothermal conversion system and is configured to receive the solar energy or the thermal energy converted from the solar energy such that a metal oxide therein is heated and decomposed, the electric field and/or magnetic field generation device is configured to generate an electric field/magnetic field separated and decomposed product, and the separation and cooling device is configured to form a low temperature region for cooling the decomposed product and respectively generating a liquid metal and a gaseous oxygen.