An illumination device for a mobile object, comprising: a predetermined range illumination section capable of illuminating a predetermined range with illumination light emitted outward from the mobile object; an eye direction detection section for detecting the direction of the eyes of a driver of the mobile object and/or the direction of the face of the driver; wherein the predetermined range illumination section controls the distribution of the illumination light or the on/off of the illumination light based on the direction of the eyes of the driver and/or the direction of the face of the driver, detected by the eye direction detection section, characterized in that the illumination device further comprises a scanning section for allowing coherent light, emitted by a coherent light source, to scan an optical element; and in that: the predetermined range illumination section includes the coherent light source for emitting the coherent light, and the optical element for diffusing the coherent light and emitting the illumination light, thereby illuminating the predetermined range, wherein the optical element is composed of a plurality of element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) which each diffuse the incident coherent light, thereby illuminating a partial area in the predetermined range, and at least part of the partial areas to be illuminated by the element diffusion areas differ from each other, and wherein the predetermined range illumination section controls the distribution of the illumination light by controlling whether or not to allow the coherent light from the coherent light source to enter the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b), or by controlling whether or not to allow the illumination light from the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) to enter the predetermined range; the optical element is a hologram recording medium, and the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) are element hologram areas having different interference patterns; and the predetermined range illumination section further includes a timing controller for controlling the timing of incidence of the coherent light on the optical element or the timing of illumination of the predetermined range. a predetermined range illumination section capable of illuminating a predetermined range with illumination light emitted outward from the mobile object; an eye direction detection section for detecting the direction of the eyes of a driver of the mobile object and/or the direction of the face of the driver; wherein the predetermined range illumination section controls the distribution of the illumination light or the on/off of the illumination light based on the direction of the eyes of the driver and/or the direction of the face of the driver, detected by the eye direction detection section, characterized in that the illumination device further comprises a scanning section for allowing coherent light, emitted by a coherent light source, to scan an optical element; and in that: the predetermined range illumination section includes the coherent light source for emitting the coherent light, and the optical element for diffusing the coherent light and emitting the illumination light, thereby illuminating the predetermined range, wherein the optical element is composed of a plurality of element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) which each diffuse the incident coherent light, thereby illuminating a partial area in the predetermined range, and at least part of the partial areas to be illuminated by the element diffusion areas differ from each other, and wherein the predetermined range illumination section controls the distribution of the illumination light by controlling whether or not to allow the coherent light from the coherent light source to enter the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b), or by controlling whether or not to allow the illumination light from the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) to enter the predetermined range; the optical element is a hologram recording medium, and the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) are element hologram areas having different interference patterns; and the predetermined range illumination section further includes a timing controller for controlling the timing of incidence of the coherent light on the optical element or the timing of illumination of the predetermined range. the predetermined range illumination section includes the coherent light source for emitting the coherent light, and the optical element for diffusing the coherent light and emitting the illumination light, thereby illuminating the predetermined range, wherein the optical element is composed of a plurality of element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) which each diffuse the incident coherent light, thereby illuminating a partial area in the predetermined range, and at least part of the partial areas to be illuminated by the element diffusion areas differ from each other, and wherein the predetermined range illumination section controls the distribution of the illumination light by controlling whether or not to allow the coherent light from the coherent light source to enter the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b), or by controlling whether or not to allow the illumination light from the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) to enter the predetermined range; the optical element is a hologram recording medium, and the element diffusion areas (28a, 28b) are element hologram areas having different interference patterns; and the predetermined range illumination section further includes a timing controller for controlling the timing of incidence of the coherent light on the optical element or the timing of illumination of the predetermined range.