A 1,3-disubstituted ketene compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a stereoisomer thereof characterized in that, the compound has a structure represented by formula: wherein, R 1, R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and hydroxyl; R 3, R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and hydroxyl, and R 3, R 4 are not H at the same time; or R 3, R 4 are bonded to form a 3-8 membered carbocyclic ring or a 3-8 membered heterocyclic ring; R 5 is OR 6; R 6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl; Y is O; and ring A is selected from the group consisting of: wherein, X 1, X 2, X 3, X 4, X 5, X 6, X 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: CR 9, CR 12 and N, and at least one of X 1, X 2, X 3, and X 4 is CR 12; R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, alkoxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, amino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkylamino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, -OR, -N 2, -SR, -C OR, - C N 2, -C R, -S R, -S 2 R, -S 2 N 2, and -N C R; R 10 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, alkoxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, amino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C4 alkylamino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl; R 11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, -SR, -OR, -N 2, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl; R 12 is selected from the group consisting of: H, -SR, -OR, -N 2, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl; n is selected from the group consisting of: 0, 1, and 2; each of R is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, alkoxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, amino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C4 alkylamino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl. R 1, R 2 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and hydroxyl; R 3, R 4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, C1-C6 alkoxy, and hydroxyl, and R 3, R 4 are not H at the same time; or R 3, R 4 are bonded to form a 3-8 membered carbocyclic ring or a 3-8 membered heterocyclic ring; R 5 is OR 6; R 6 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl; Y is O; and ring A is selected from the group consisting of: wherein, X 1, X 2, X 3, X 4, X 5, X 6, X 7 are each independently selected from the group consisting of: CR 9, CR 12 and N, and at least one of X 1, X 2, X 3, and X 4 is CR 12; R 9 is selected from the group consisting of: H, halogen, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, alkoxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, amino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, C1-C4 alkylamino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, nitro, cyano, -OR, -N 2, -SR, -C OR, - C N 2, -C R, -S R, -S 2 R, -S 2 N 2, and -N C R; R 10 is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, alkoxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, amino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C4 alkylamino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl; R 11 is selected from the group consisting of: H, -SR, -OR, -N 2, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl; R 12 is selected from the group consisting of: H, -SR, -OR, -N 2, C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, and C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl; n is selected from the group consisting of: 0, 1, and 2; each of R is selected from the group consisting of: H, C1-C6 alkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, C2-C6 alkynyl, C3-C8 cycloalkyl, C3-C8 cycloalkylmethyl, halogen-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, hydroxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, alkoxy-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, amino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl, and C1-C4 alkylamino-substituted C1-C6 alkyl.