A weeding system for a railway weeding vehicle, comprising: * at least one camera adapted to be mounted on a railway vehicle to acquire an image of a portion of a railway track while said railway vehicle is travelling on a train track, said image comprising a matrix of pixel values, * a spraying unit adapted to be mounted on said railway vehicle and comprising - at least two supply modules, each supply module comprising a chemical agent tank and an electronic delivery valve, - at least one nozzle to spray a chemical agent from at least one of said supply modules, and - a controller module able to receive a weed species detection signal and to selectively command the spraying of chemical agent from at least one of said supply modules though said at least one nozzle on the basis of said weed species detection signal, * a weed species identification unit comprising - a communication module able to receive the image acquired by the camera and to send a weed species detection signal to the controller module of the spraying unit of the weeding system, - a memory module able to store said image, the weeding system being characterized in that the weed species identification unit further comprises: - a processing module comprising a plurality of parallel processing cores, each parallel processing core being able to perform at least one convolution operation between a sub-matrix constructed from nearby pixels of the image and a predefined kernel stored in the memory module to obtain a feature representation sub-matrix of the pixel values of the image, the processing module being able to compute at least one probability of presence of a weed species among a database of weed species from a feature representation matrix of the image constructed from the feature representation sub-matrices constructed by the parallel processing cores, and to generate a weed species detection signal on the basis of said at least one probability of presence. * at least one camera adapted to be mounted on a railway vehicle to acquire an image of a portion of a railway track while said railway vehicle is travelling on a train track, said image comprising a matrix of pixel values, * a spraying unit adapted to be mounted on said railway vehicle and comprising - at least two supply modules, each supply module comprising a chemical agent tank and an electronic delivery valve, - at least one nozzle to spray a chemical agent from at least one of said supply modules, and - a controller module able to receive a weed species detection signal and to selectively command the spraying of chemical agent from at least one of said supply modules though said at least one nozzle on the basis of said weed species detection signal, - at least two supply modules, each supply module comprising a chemical agent tank and an electronic delivery valve, - at least one nozzle to spray a chemical agent from at least one of said supply modules, and - a controller module able to receive a weed species detection signal and to selectively command the spraying of chemical agent from at least one of said supply modules though said at least one nozzle on the basis of said weed species detection signal, * a weed species identification unit comprising - a communication module able to receive the image acquired by the camera and to send a weed species detection signal to the controller module of the spraying unit of the weeding system, - a memory module able to store said image, the weeding system being characterized in that the weed species identification unit further comprises: - a processing module comprising a plurality of parallel processing cores, each parallel processing core being able to perform at least one convolution operation between a sub-matrix constructed from nearby pixels of the image and a predefined kernel stored in the memory module to obtain a feature representation sub-matrix of the pixel values of the image, the processing module being able to compute at least one probability of presence of a weed species among a database of weed species from a feature representation matrix of the image constructed from the feature representation sub-matrices constructed by the parallel processing cores, and to generate a weed species detection signal on the basis of said at least one probability of presence. - a communication module able to receive the image acquired by the camera and to send a weed species detection signal to the controller module of the spraying unit of the weeding system, - a memory module able to store said image, the weeding system being characterized in that the weed species identification unit further comprises: - a processing module comprising a plurality of parallel processing cores, each parallel processing core being able to perform at least one convolution operation between a sub-matrix constructed from nearby pixels of the image and a predefined kernel stored in the memory module to obtain a feature representation sub-matrix of the pixel values of the image, the processing module being able to compute at least one probability of presence of a weed species among a database of weed species from a feature representation matrix of the image constructed from the feature representation sub-matrices constructed by the parallel processing cores, and to generate a weed species detection signal on the basis of said at least one probability of presence.