A device for collection and storage of sample material comprising - a sample container (10, 100, 500) for biological sample material (23, 230) comprising an upper opening which can be closed by a lid (14, 140, 540), a lateral wall region (12, 120, 520) and a base (13, 130, 530) and a hygroscopic substance (19, 190, 590) contained in the interior of the sample container (10, 100, 500) for drying sample material (23, 230) in the sample container (10, 100, 500), wherein the sample container (10, 100, 500) is divided into at least two compartments (16, 160, 560; 18, 180, 580), of which one is a sample compartment (16, 160, 560) and the other is a drying compartment (18, 180, 580) containing the hygroscopic substance (19, 190, 590), and wherein the hygroscopic substance (19, 190, 590) communicates via a steam exchange connection with the interior of the sample container (10, 100, 500), and wherein the sample compartment (16, 160, 560) extends in a flush manner from an upper end provided with an opening (40, 400) in the longitudinal direction from the opening (40, 400) to the base (13, 130, 530) of the sample container (10, 100, 500) and is delimited by at least one wall (17, 170, 570) formed in the sample container (10, 100, 500), wherein the sample container (10, 100, 500) is closed by means of a penetrable lid (14, 140, 540), - a sample collection means (20, 200) which can be inserted with its one lower end (21, 210) into the sample container (10, 100, 500), wherein the lower end (21, 210) is arranged in the sample container (10, 100, 500) in a defined position above and spaced apart from the upper opening (40, 400) of the sample compartment (16, 160, 560), and wherein at the lower end of the sample preparation means (20, 200) a cutting or stamping device (22, 220) is provided, by which biological sample material (23, 230) can be obtained by passage of the lower end (21, 210) through tissue, and wherein - the position of the cutting or stamping device (22, 220) on the lower end (21, 210) of the sample collection means (20, 200) and the upper opening (40, 400) of the sample compartment (16, 160, 560) in the sample container (10, 100, 500) are adapted to one another in such a way that the sample material (23, 230) obtained by the cutting or stamping device (22, 220) is located above the sample compartment (16, 160, 560) or falls into the sample compartment after insertion of the sample preparation means (20, 200) into the sample container (10, 100, 500). - a sample container (10, 100, 500) for biological sample material (23, 230) comprising an upper opening which can be closed by a lid (14, 140, 540), a lateral wall region (12, 120, 520) and a base (13, 130, 530) and a hygroscopic substance (19, 190, 590) contained in the interior of the sample container (10, 100, 500) for drying sample material (23, 230) in the sample container (10, 100, 500), wherein the sample container (10, 100, 500) is divided into at least two compartments (16, 160, 560; 18, 180, 580), of which one is a sample compartment (16, 160, 560) and the other is a drying compartment (18, 180, 580) containing the hygroscopic substance (19, 190, 590), and wherein the hygroscopic substance (19, 190, 590) communicates via a steam exchange connection with the interior of the sample container (10, 100, 500), and wherein the sample compartment (16, 160, 560) extends in a flush manner from an upper end provided with an opening (40, 400) in the longitudinal direction from the opening (40, 400) to the base (13, 130, 530) of the sample container (10, 100, 500) and is delimited by at least one wall (17, 170, 570) formed in the sample container (10, 100, 500), wherein the sample container (10, 100, 500) is closed by means of a penetrable lid (14, 140, 540), - a sample collection means (20, 200) which can be inserted with its one lower end (21, 210) into the sample container (10, 100, 500), wherein the lower end (21, 210) is arranged in the sample container (10, 100, 500) in a defined position above and spaced apart from the upper opening (40, 400) of the sample compartment (16, 160, 560), and wherein at the lower end of the sample preparation means (20, 200) a cutting or stamping device (22, 220) is provided, by which biological sample material (23, 230) can be obtained by passage of the lower end (21, 210) through tissue, and wherein - the position of the cutting or stamping device (22, 220) on the lower end (21, 210) of the sample collection means (20, 200) and the upper opening (40, 400) of the sample compartment (16, 160, 560) in the sample container (10, 100, 500) are adapted to one another in such a way that the sample material (23, 230) obtained by the cutting or stamping device (22, 220) is located above the sample compartment (16, 160, 560) or falls into the sample compartment after insertion of the sample preparation means (20, 200) into the sample container (10, 100, 500).