A method for determining a time-frequency pattern of a downlink positioning reference signal, PRS, the method being performed by a base station and comprising: determining a number of subcarriers M occupied by a time-frequency pattern of a PRS on each symbol according to a preset frequency domain reuse factor; for multiple resource blocks corresponding to multiple time slots scheduled by a user equipment, generating initial time-frequency patterns in each resource block where each time slot is located according to the number of subcarriers M, wherein the initial time-frequency patterns occupy all symbols in the resource block, and occupy M subcarriers on each symbol of the resource block; filtering M initial time-frequency patterns in each resource block according to attributes of symbols in the resource block, so as to determine valid time-frequency patterns in each resource block; determining valid time-frequency patterns in a corresponding resource block where a first time slot of the multiple time slots is located are final time-frequency patterns of the corresponding resource block where the first time slot is located; and at least according to a sequence of the multiple time slots, obtaining final time-frequency patterns in a corresponding resource block where a next time slot is located by performing frequency shift to final time-frequency patterns in a corresponding resource block where a current time slot is located, wherein the final time-frequency patterns in the multiple resource blocks are the time-frequency pattern of the downlink PRS, wherein filtering M initial time-frequency patterns in each resource block according to attributes of symbols in the resource block comprises: reserving initial time-frequency patterns located on downlink symbols in the resource block and removing initial time-frequency patterns located on uplink symbols in the resource block; and removing initial time-frequency patterns located on symbols which are occupied by a control channel or other reference signals in the resource block. determining a number of subcarriers M occupied by a time-frequency pattern of a PRS on each symbol according to a preset frequency domain reuse factor; for multiple resource blocks corresponding to multiple time slots scheduled by a user equipment, generating initial time-frequency patterns in each resource block where each time slot is located according to the number of subcarriers M, wherein the initial time-frequency patterns occupy all symbols in the resource block, and occupy M subcarriers on each symbol of the resource block; filtering M initial time-frequency patterns in each resource block according to attributes of symbols in the resource block, so as to determine valid time-frequency patterns in each resource block; determining valid time-frequency patterns in a corresponding resource block where a first time slot of the multiple time slots is located are final time-frequency patterns of the corresponding resource block where the first time slot is located; and at least according to a sequence of the multiple time slots, obtaining final time-frequency patterns in a corresponding resource block where a next time slot is located by performing frequency shift to final time-frequency patterns in a corresponding resource block where a current time slot is located, wherein the final time-frequency patterns in the multiple resource blocks are the time-frequency pattern of the downlink PRS, wherein filtering M initial time-frequency patterns in each resource block according to attributes of symbols in the resource block comprises: reserving initial time-frequency patterns located on downlink symbols in the resource block and removing initial time-frequency patterns located on uplink symbols in the resource block; and removing initial time-frequency patterns located on symbols which are occupied by a control channel or other reference signals in the resource block. reserving initial time-frequency patterns located on downlink symbols in the resource block and removing initial time-frequency patterns located on uplink symbols in the resource block; and removing initial time-frequency patterns located on symbols which are occupied by a control channel or other reference signals in the resource block.