A double-layer cryogenic inflatable balloon, comprising: an inflatable balloon assembly, comprising an inflatable balloon, an outer catheter, and a liquid-filling cavity, the liquid-filling cavity being provided with a liquid-filling chamber, the inflatable balloon being communicated with the liquid-filling chamber through the outer catheter; a cryogenic balloon assembly, comprising a cryogenic balloon, an inner catheter, a fluid-diverting cavity, a gas inlet pipe, and an inflation assembly, the cryogenic balloon being located in the inflatable balloon, the inner catheter being located in the outer catheter, the fluid-diverting cavity being provided with a gas return chamber, the cryogenic balloon being communicated with the gas return chamber through the inner catheter; wherein the fluid-diverting cavity is further provided with a gas return channel, a liquid-filling channel and a cork chamber, the gas return channel having one end communicated with the gas return chamber and the other end communicated with the cork chamber; the liquid-filling channel has one end communicated with the cork chamber and the other end communicated with the liquid-filling chamber; the cork chamber is communicated with a gas return joint, and is internally provided with an adjustment structure for achieving connection and disconnection between the gas return channel and the gas return joint, between the gas return joint and the liquid-filling channel and between the gas return channel and the liquid-filling channel; the fluid-diverting cavity is further provided with a gas inlet chamber, and the gas inlet pipe penetrates through the cryogenic balloon, the inner catheter and the fluid-diverting cavity, the gas inlet pipe having one end located in the cryogenic balloon and the other end communicated with the gas inlet chamber; the gas inlet chamber is further communicated with the inflation assembly, and the inflation assembly is used to input a refrigerant gas into the cryogenic balloon through the gas inlet chamber and the gas inlet pipe. an inflatable balloon assembly, comprising an inflatable balloon, an outer catheter, and a liquid-filling cavity, the liquid-filling cavity being provided with a liquid-filling chamber, the inflatable balloon being communicated with the liquid-filling chamber through the outer catheter; a cryogenic balloon assembly, comprising a cryogenic balloon, an inner catheter, a fluid-diverting cavity, a gas inlet pipe, and an inflation assembly, the cryogenic balloon being located in the inflatable balloon, the inner catheter being located in the outer catheter, the fluid-diverting cavity being provided with a gas return chamber, the cryogenic balloon being communicated with the gas return chamber through the inner catheter; wherein the fluid-diverting cavity is further provided with a gas return channel, a liquid-filling channel and a cork chamber, the gas return channel having one end communicated with the gas return chamber and the other end communicated with the cork chamber; the liquid-filling channel has one end communicated with the cork chamber and the other end communicated with the liquid-filling chamber; the cork chamber is communicated with a gas return joint, and is internally provided with an adjustment structure for achieving connection and disconnection between the gas return channel and the gas return joint, between the gas return joint and the liquid-filling channel and between the gas return channel and the liquid-filling channel; the fluid-diverting cavity is further provided with a gas inlet chamber, and the gas inlet pipe penetrates through the cryogenic balloon, the inner catheter and the fluid-diverting cavity, the gas inlet pipe having one end located in the cryogenic balloon and the other end communicated with the gas inlet chamber; the gas inlet chamber is further communicated with the inflation assembly, and the inflation assembly is used to input a refrigerant gas into the cryogenic balloon through the gas inlet chamber and the gas inlet pipe.