An additive manufacturing method for a ceramic and a composite thereof, comprising the following steps: S1: slicing a three-dimensional computer-aided design model of a workpiece to be formed into layers according to shape, thickness and size accuracy requirements thereof, and obtaining data of multiple slice layers, which comprise thickness, shape and size accuracies of each slice layer and a melting point of a material; S2: planning a forming path according to the data of the slice layers, and generating computer numerical control codes for forming the slice layers; S3: preheating a substrate to a specified temperature in the range of 600°C to 1,100°C; wherein the substrate is heated by any one of a heating furnace provided outside a spray chamber, a plasma device provided inside the spray chamber and an electromagnetic heating coil; and performing spraying deposition layer by layer by cold spraying according to the CNC codes of the slice layers obtained in step S2; at the same time, heating a spray area by a laser beam or an electron beam as a heat source to a temperature in a range of the melting point of a sprayed powder -200°C to the melting point of the sprayed powder till the spraying deposition of all slice layers is completed, and obtaining a formed part; when the substrate is preheated and the printed uppermost slice layer is heated, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the heating area in real time; parameters, comprising power, pulse width and frequency of the laser beam or electron beam, are subjected to real-time closed-loop feedback adjustment according to an optimal deposition temperature of different sprayed materials, so that the preheated substrate and the printed uppermost slice layer maintain the optimal deposition temperature; and S4: subjecting a formed part to surface modification treatment by using a laser shock peening method to have a predetermined residual compressive stress thereon. S1: slicing a three-dimensional computer-aided design model of a workpiece to be formed into layers according to shape, thickness and size accuracy requirements thereof, and obtaining data of multiple slice layers, which comprise thickness, shape and size accuracies of each slice layer and a melting point of a material; S2: planning a forming path according to the data of the slice layers, and generating computer numerical control codes for forming the slice layers; S3: preheating a substrate to a specified temperature in the range of 600°C to 1,100°C; wherein the substrate is heated by any one of a heating furnace provided outside a spray chamber, a plasma device provided inside the spray chamber and an electromagnetic heating coil; and performing spraying deposition layer by layer by cold spraying according to the CNC codes of the slice layers obtained in step S2; at the same time, heating a spray area by a laser beam or an electron beam as a heat source to a temperature in a range of the melting point of a sprayed powder -200°C to the melting point of the sprayed powder till the spraying deposition of all slice layers is completed, and obtaining a formed part; when the substrate is preheated and the printed uppermost slice layer is heated, a temperature sensor is used to monitor the temperature of the heating area in real time; parameters, comprising power, pulse width and frequency of the laser beam or electron beam, are subjected to real-time closed-loop feedback adjustment according to an optimal deposition temperature of different sprayed materials, so that the preheated substrate and the printed uppermost slice layer maintain the optimal deposition temperature; and S4: subjecting a formed part to surface modification treatment by using a laser shock peening method to have a predetermined residual compressive stress thereon.