An intelligent control system for a detector, comprising an external control module (110, 210) and at least one data transmission and control module (120, 220) communicated to a plurality of detectors (150, 250) respectively, wherein: the external control module (110, 210) is communicatively connected with each data transmission and control module (120, 220) respectively, and the external control module (110, 210) is further configured to transmit control messages to the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220) communicated to the detector (150, 250), and receive and process feedback messages from the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220), and original data or preprocessed data of the detector transmitted by the data transmission and control module (120, 220); each data transmission and control module (120, 220) is coupled to a plurality of detectors (150, 250), and includes a processing unit, a data preprocessing unit, at least one first-type interface (121, 221), at least one second-type interface (122, 222), a fifth-type interface (125, 225) and a sixth-type interface (126, 226); the fifth-type interface (125, 225) is communicatively connected with the external control module (110, 210), and configured to transmit the control messages and the feedback messages of the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220); the processing unit is configured to receive, parse, process, and transmit the control messages and the feedback messages of the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220); the at least one first-type interface (121, 221) is coupled to a plurality of detectors (150, 250), and configured for the transmission of the control messages and the feedback messages of the detector (150, 250); the at least one second-type interface (122, 222) is coupled to the plurality of detectors (150, 250), and configured for the transmission of the original data of the detector (150, 250); the data preprocessing unit is configured to acquire, receive and transmit the original data of the detector (150, 250), or the data preprocessing unit is configured to acquire, receive and preprocess the original data of the detector (150, 250) and transmit the preprocessed data of the detector (150, 250); and the sixth-type interface (126, 226) is communicatively connected with the external control module (110, 210), and configured for the transmission of the original data of the detector or the preprocessed data of the detector (150, 250). the external control module (110, 210) is communicatively connected with each data transmission and control module (120, 220) respectively, and the external control module (110, 210) is further configured to transmit control messages to the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220) communicated to the detector (150, 250), and receive and process feedback messages from the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220), and original data or preprocessed data of the detector transmitted by the data transmission and control module (120, 220); each data transmission and control module (120, 220) is coupled to a plurality of detectors (150, 250), and includes a processing unit, a data preprocessing unit, at least one first-type interface (121, 221), at least one second-type interface (122, 222), a fifth-type interface (125, 225) and a sixth-type interface (126, 226); the fifth-type interface (125, 225) is communicatively connected with the external control module (110, 210), and configured to transmit the control messages and the feedback messages of the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220); the processing unit is configured to receive, parse, process, and transmit the control messages and the feedback messages of the detector (150, 250) and the data transmission and control module (120, 220); the at least one first-type interface (121, 221) is coupled to a plurality of detectors (150, 250), and configured for the transmission of the control messages and the feedback messages of the detector (150, 250); the at least one second-type interface (122, 222) is coupled to the plurality of detectors (150, 250), and configured for the transmission of the original data of the detector (150, 250); the data preprocessing unit is configured to acquire, receive and transmit the original data of the detector (150, 250), or the data preprocessing unit is configured to acquire, receive and preprocess the original data of the detector (150, 250) and transmit the preprocessed data of the detector (150, 250); and the sixth-type interface (126, 226) is communicatively connected with the external control module (110, 210), and configured for the transmission of the original data of the detector or the preprocessed data of the detector (150, 250).