A wheel runout detection device, composed of a frame, a bottom plate, a base, bearings, a spacing ring, a shaft sleeve, a bearing end cover, a flange plate, a flange, an expansion core, an expansion sleeve, a pull rod, a cylinder, a connecting shaft, a synchronous gear A, a synchronous belt, a synchronous gear B and a servo motor, characterized in that the bottom plate and the servo motor are fixed on the frame, the base is fixed on the bottom plate, the two bearings and the spacing ring are closed on the base by the bearing end cover, the two bearings are connected by the spacing ring, the shaft sleeve is connected with the bearings, two ends of the shaft sleeve are respectively connected with the synchronous gear A and the flange plate, the synchronous gear B is mounted on the output shaft of the servo motor, the synchronous gear A is connected with the synchronous gear B via the synchronous belt, wherein the flange, the expansion sleeve and the cylinder are mounted on the flange plate, two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected with the output shaft of the cylinder and the expansion core, the outer diameter of the expansion core is of an inverse cone structure, the inner wall of the expansion core is of a positive cone structure, and the outer diameter inverse cone surface and inner wall positive cone surface of the expansion core are respectively matched with an upper positive cone surface of the expansion sleeve and an upper inverse cone structure of the flange plate, and wherein the cylinder is arranged to pull the expansion core down so that, through cone surface fits between the expansion core and the expansion sleeve and between the expansion core and the flange plate, the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve can be expanded, so that the central hole of the wheel is tightened and high-precision radial positioning of the wheel is realized, and wherein the servo motor is configured to drive the flange, the expansion sleeve and the wheel to rotate via the synchronous gear A, the synchronous belt and the synchronous gear B. characterized in that the bottom plate and the servo motor are fixed on the frame, the base is fixed on the bottom plate, the two bearings and the spacing ring are closed on the base by the bearing end cover, the two bearings are connected by the spacing ring, the shaft sleeve is connected with the bearings, two ends of the shaft sleeve are respectively connected with the synchronous gear A and the flange plate, the synchronous gear B is mounted on the output shaft of the servo motor, the synchronous gear A is connected with the synchronous gear B via the synchronous belt, wherein the flange, the expansion sleeve and the cylinder are mounted on the flange plate, two ends of the connecting shaft are respectively connected with the output shaft of the cylinder and the expansion core, the outer diameter of the expansion core is of an inverse cone structure, the inner wall of the expansion core is of a positive cone structure, and the outer diameter inverse cone surface and inner wall positive cone surface of the expansion core are respectively matched with an upper positive cone surface of the expansion sleeve and an upper inverse cone structure of the flange plate, and wherein the cylinder is arranged to pull the expansion core down so that, through cone surface fits between the expansion core and the expansion sleeve and between the expansion core and the flange plate, the outer diameter of the expansion sleeve can be expanded, so that the central hole of the wheel is tightened and high-precision radial positioning of the wheel is realized, and wherein the servo motor is configured to drive the flange, the expansion sleeve and the wheel to rotate via the synchronous gear A, the synchronous belt and the synchronous gear B.