A control information processing method, comprising: receiving, by a terminal, jointly encoded control information for an uplink subframe sent by a base station, wherein the jointly encoded control information is jointly encoded first control information and second control information; performing, by the terminal, clear channel assessment, CCA, based on the jointly encoded control information, and sending, after finishing the CCA, a signal by occupying the uplink subframe; wherein in a joint encoding manner, a first starting time for sending a signal in the uplink subframe and a type of the CCA to-be-performed by the terminal are jointly encoded, wherein the first control information includes the starting time when the terminal starts to send a signal in the uplink subframe, and the second control information includes the type of the CCA to-be-performed by the terminal, and an association relationship between the starting time of the uplink subframe and the type of the CCA comprises: when the terminal does not continuously occupy the channel before the uplink subframe, and the uplink subframe is within a Maximum Channel Occupancy Time, MCOT, the first control information indicates that the first starting time is the same as a second starting time, wherein the second starting time is a starting time of the uplink subframe, and the second control information instructs the terminal to perform single timeslot-based CCA before the first starting time; when the terminal does not continuously occupy the channel before the uplink subframe, and the uplink subframe is beyond an MCOT, the first control information indicates that the first starting time is the same as a second starting time, wherein the second starting time is a starting time of the uplink subframe, and the second control information instructs the terminal to perform random backoff based CCA before the first starting time; when the terminal continuously occupies the channel before the uplink subframe, the terminal skips performing listen-before talk, LBT, and occupies the uplink subframe to send a signal. receiving, by a terminal, jointly encoded control information for an uplink subframe sent by a base station, wherein the jointly encoded control information is jointly encoded first control information and second control information; performing, by the terminal, clear channel assessment, CCA, based on the jointly encoded control information, and sending, after finishing the CCA, a signal by occupying the uplink subframe; wherein in a joint encoding manner, a first starting time for sending a signal in the uplink subframe and a type of the CCA to-be-performed by the terminal are jointly encoded, wherein the first control information includes the starting time when the terminal starts to send a signal in the uplink subframe, and the second control information includes the type of the CCA to-be-performed by the terminal, and an association relationship between the starting time of the uplink subframe and the type of the CCA comprises: when the terminal does not continuously occupy the channel before the uplink subframe, and the uplink subframe is within a Maximum Channel Occupancy Time, MCOT, the first control information indicates that the first starting time is the same as a second starting time, wherein the second starting time is a starting time of the uplink subframe, and the second control information instructs the terminal to perform single timeslot-based CCA before the first starting time; when the terminal does not continuously occupy the channel before the uplink subframe, and the uplink subframe is beyond an MCOT, the first control information indicates that the first starting time is the same as a second starting time, wherein the second starting time is a starting time of the uplink subframe, and the second control information instructs the terminal to perform random backoff based CCA before the first starting time; when the terminal continuously occupies the channel before the uplink subframe, the terminal skips performing listen-before talk, LBT, and occupies the uplink subframe to send a signal.