A signal transmission method, comprising: determining, by a transmitter, pilot block configuration information, wherein the pilot block configuration information comprises pilot block configuration scheme information; inserting, by the transmitter, one or more pilot blocks amongst a plurality of pieces of data in a to-be-sent data block based on the pilot block configuration scheme information, wherein each of the one or more pilot blocks comprises at least two consecutive pilot symbols, the to-be-sent data block comprises the plurality of pieces of data, each of the plurality of pieces of data comprises one or more modulation symbols, wherein there is a unique word, UW, sequence forming an equivalent cyclic prefix added in front of the to-be-sent data block; and sending, by the transmitter, the to-be-sent data block into which the one or more pilot blocks are inserted, the method being characterized in that: the pilot block configuration scheme information comprises a quantity of the pilot blocks and a quantity of pilot symbols comprised in each of the one or more pilot blocks, and the inserting, by the transmitter, the pilot blocks into the to-be-sent data block based on the pilot block configuration scheme information comprises: calculating, by the transmitter, a position of the pilot blocks in the to-be-sent data block according to a pre-agreed formula by using a length of the to-be-sent data block into which the one or more pilot blocks are inserted, the quantity of the pilot blocks, and the quantity of pilot symbols in each of the one or more pilot blocks; and inserting, by the transmitter, the one or more pilot blocks into the to-be-sent data block based on the calculated position of the pilot blocks. determining, by a transmitter, pilot block configuration information, wherein the pilot block configuration information comprises pilot block configuration scheme information; inserting, by the transmitter, one or more pilot blocks amongst a plurality of pieces of data in a to-be-sent data block based on the pilot block configuration scheme information, wherein each of the one or more pilot blocks comprises at least two consecutive pilot symbols, the to-be-sent data block comprises the plurality of pieces of data, each of the plurality of pieces of data comprises one or more modulation symbols, wherein there is a unique word, UW, sequence forming an equivalent cyclic prefix added in front of the to-be-sent data block; and sending, by the transmitter, the to-be-sent data block into which the one or more pilot blocks are inserted, the pilot block configuration scheme information comprises a quantity of the pilot blocks and a quantity of pilot symbols comprised in each of the one or more pilot blocks, and the inserting, by the transmitter, the pilot blocks into the to-be-sent data block based on the pilot block configuration scheme information comprises: calculating, by the transmitter, a position of the pilot blocks in the to-be-sent data block according to a pre-agreed formula by using a length of the to-be-sent data block into which the one or more pilot blocks are inserted, the quantity of the pilot blocks, and the quantity of pilot symbols in each of the one or more pilot blocks; and inserting, by the transmitter, the one or more pilot blocks into the to-be-sent data block based on the calculated position of the pilot blocks. calculating, by the transmitter, a position of the pilot blocks in the to-be-sent data block according to a pre-agreed formula by using a length of the to-be-sent data block into which the one or more pilot blocks are inserted, the quantity of the pilot blocks, and the quantity of pilot symbols in each of the one or more pilot blocks; and inserting, by the transmitter, the one or more pilot blocks into the to-be-sent data block based on the calculated position of the pilot blocks.