A compound of formula or a salt or N-oxide thereof, wherein A 1 is N or CR 1; R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalky, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, or phenyl optionally substituted by one to five R 4 which may be the same or different; A 3 is C or S 2; G is hydrogen, or C R 6; X and Y are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy, or halogen; n is an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; each Z is independently C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy, or halogen; R 3 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 10 alkynyl, C 2 -C 4 haloalkynyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, C 1 -C 10 cyanoalkyl-, C 1 -C 10 alkoxycarbonyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, N -C 1 -C 3 alkyl-aminocarbonyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, N,N- di-(C 1 -C 3 alkyl)-aminocarbonyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, aryl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- or aryl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- wherein the aryl moiety is substituted by one to three R 10, which may be the same or different, or heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- or heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- wherein the heterocyclyl moiety is substituted by one to three R 10, which may be the same or different; each R 4 is independently halo, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl, C 2 -C 10 alkynyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 alkyl-, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkoxy, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl-, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 alkoxy-, C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonyl-, formyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl-, C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyloxy-, C 1 -C 10 alkylthio-, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylthio-, C 1 -C 10 alkylsulfinyl-, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl-, C 1 -C 10 alkylsulfonyl-, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl-, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino-, di-C 1 -C 10 alkylamino-, or C 1 -C 10 alkylcarbonylamino-; R 6 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-S-, -NR 7 R 8 and phenyl optionally substituted by one or more R 9; R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 alkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or R 7 and R 8 together can form a morpholinyl ring; R 9 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy and C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy; and each R 10 is independently halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy or C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy. wherein A 1 is N or CR 1; R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalky, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 alkylthio, halogen, cyano, hydroxyl, or phenyl optionally substituted by one to five R 4 which may be the same or different; A 3 is C or S 2; G is hydrogen, or C R 6; X and Y are each independently hydrogen, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy, or halogen; n is an integer of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; each Z is independently C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy, or halogen; R 3 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl, C 2 -C 4 haloalkenyl, C 2 -C 10 alkynyl, C 2 -C 4 haloalkynyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 10 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, C 1 -C 10 cyanoalkyl-, C 1 -C 10 alkoxycarbonyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, N -C 1 -C 3 alkyl-aminocarbonyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, N,N- di-(C 1 -C 3 alkyl)-aminocarbonyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl-, aryl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- or aryl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- wherein the aryl moiety is substituted by one to three R 10, which may be the same or different, or heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- or heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 alkyl- wherein the heterocyclyl moiety is substituted by one to three R 10, which may be the same or different; each R 4 is independently halo, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 10 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 2 -C 10 alkenyl, C 2 -C 10 alkynyl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 10 alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 alkyl-, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkoxy, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 alkyl-, C 3 -C 7 cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 alkoxy-, C 1 -C 6 alkylcarbonyl-, formyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxycarbonyl-, C 1 -C 4 alkylcarbonyloxy-, C 1 -C 10 alkylthio-, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylthio-, C 1 -C 10 alkylsulfinyl-, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfinyl-, C 1 -C 10 alkylsulfonyl-, C 1 -C 4 haloalkylsulfonyl-, amino, C 1 -C 10 alkylamino-, di-C 1 -C 10 alkylamino-, or C 1 -C 10 alkylcarbonylamino-; R 6 is selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, C 1 -C 6 alkyl-S-, -NR 7 R 8 and phenyl optionally substituted by one or more R 9; R 7 and R 8 are independently selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 6 alkyl and C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, or R 7 and R 8 together can form a morpholinyl ring; R 9 is selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, C 1 -C 3 alkyl, C 1 -C 3 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 3 alkoxy and C 1 -C 3 haloalkoxy; and each R 10 is independently halo, C 1 -C 4 alkyl, C 1 -C 4 haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 alkoxy or C 1 -C 4 haloalkoxy.