mhurhangee/ep-ind-claims huggingface dataset:
A computer-implemented method for generating a plurality of treatment plans for radiation therapy, each treatment plan specifying weights for a plurality of geometrically defined fluence elements, wherein a fluence element is associated with a scanning spot of a scanned ion beam or is associated with a particular leaf of a multi-leaf collimator or is associated with a bixel, each weight defining an amount of radiation fluence, to thereby provide radiation dose to a target volume, the method being performed in a treatment planning system and comprising the steps of: generating a first set of treatment plans; determining a subset of the fluence elements, based on the first set of treatment plans, wherein fluence elements having a statistical measure less than a threshold weight are discarded, the statistical measure being calculated for each fluence element across all treatment plans in the first set of treatment plans; and generating a second set of at least two treatment plans such that each treatment plan in the second set corresponds to a treatment plan in the first set, wherein the treatment plans only contain weights for the subset of fluence elements. generating a first set of treatment plans; determining a subset of the fluence elements, based on the first set of treatment plans, wherein fluence elements having a statistical measure less than a threshold weight are discarded, the statistical measure being calculated for each fluence element across all treatment plans in the first set of treatment plans; and generating a second set of at least two treatment plans such that each treatment plan in the second set corresponds to a treatment plan in the first set, wherein the treatment plans only contain weights for the subset of fluence elements.
A method of forming a component, the method comprising: forming a first mold comprising an engineered surface exhibiting a first surface roughness characteristic, wherein said first surface roughness characteristic comprises predetermined surface feature geometries and sizes and does not comprise a randomly derived topography; casting a first powder and binder mixture in the first mold to form a green body comprising a first surface having the first surface roughness characteristic; removing the green body from the first mold; forming a second mold comprising an engineered surface exhibiting a second surface roughness characteristic, wherein said second surface roughness characteristic comprises predetermined surface feature geometries and sizes and does not comprise a randomly derived topography; inserting the green body into the second mold; casting a second powder and binder mixture in a space between the green body and the second mold to form a green body with a secondary coating comprising a second surface having the second surface roughness characteristic; removing the green body with the secondary coating from the second mold; and applying a ceramic thermal barrier coating onto the second surface, wherein said method further comprises: selecting the first powder to comprise a metallic alloy; and selecting the second powder to comprise a bond coat material. forming a first mold comprising an engineered surface exhibiting a first surface roughness characteristic, wherein said first surface roughness characteristic comprises predetermined surface feature geometries and sizes and does not comprise a randomly derived topography; casting a first powder and binder mixture in the first mold to form a green body comprising a first surface having the first surface roughness characteristic; removing the green body from the first mold; forming a second mold comprising an engineered surface exhibiting a second surface roughness characteristic, wherein said second surface roughness characteristic comprises predetermined surface feature geometries and sizes and does not comprise a randomly derived topography; inserting the green body into the second mold; casting a second powder and binder mixture in a space between the green body and the second mold to form a green body with a secondary coating comprising a second surface having the second surface roughness characteristic; removing the green body with the secondary coating from the second mold; and applying a ceramic thermal barrier coating onto the second surface, selecting the first powder to comprise a metallic alloy; and selecting the second powder to comprise a bond coat material.
A sintered alloy valve guide impregnated with a lubricating oil, comprising pores that are sealed on the valve guide, characterized in that the pores of a side arranged on the combustion chamber side in the lengthwise direction on the valve guide outer circumferential surface are sealed, and in that when a cross-section of the valve guide in a plane parallel to an axial direction of the valve guide is observed under a light microscope, the number of pores that have a depth of at least 20 μm and are open in a length of at least 20 μm on the outer circumferential surface is 18 or less in a 30 mm-long range of a portion that corresponds to the outer circumferential surface having sealed pores at the cross-section. characterized in that the pores of a side arranged on the combustion chamber side in the lengthwise direction on the valve guide outer circumferential surface are sealed, and in that when a cross-section of the valve guide in a plane parallel to an axial direction of the valve guide is observed under a light microscope, the number of pores that have a depth of at least 20 μm and are open in a length of at least 20 μm on the outer circumferential surface is 18 or less in a 30 mm-long range of a portion that corresponds to the outer circumferential surface having sealed pores at the cross-section.
An image pickup apparatus comprising: a detector configured to detect an in-focus direction, based on a focus signal that results from an output signal of an image pickup device, by reciprocating a focus lens in an optical axis direction; and a focus controller configured to provide focusing by moving the focus lens in the in-focus direction, characterized in that the focus controller is arranged to set a driving amplitude of the focus lens, wherein in the case that the focus controller maintains a center of a reciprocation of the focus lens, the focus controller is arranged to set the driving amplitude of the focus lens to a first distance, and wherein in the case that the focus controller moves the center of the reciprocation of the focus lens, the focus controller is arranged to set the driving amplitude of the focus lens and thus to move the focus lens a second distance which is smaller than the first distance when a movement direction in the reciprocation of the focus lens becomes opposite to a movement direction of the center of the reciprocation of the focus lens. a detector configured to detect an in-focus direction, based on a focus signal that results from an output signal of an image pickup device, by reciprocating a focus lens in an optical axis direction; and a focus controller configured to provide focusing by moving the focus lens in the in-focus direction, characterized in that the focus controller is arranged to set a driving amplitude of the focus lens, wherein in the case that the focus controller maintains a center of a reciprocation of the focus lens, the focus controller is arranged to set the driving amplitude of the focus lens to a first distance, and wherein in the case that the focus controller moves the center of the reciprocation of the focus lens, the focus controller is arranged to set the driving amplitude of the focus lens and thus to move the focus lens a second distance which is smaller than the first distance when a movement direction in the reciprocation of the focus lens becomes opposite to a movement direction of the center of the reciprocation of the focus lens.
A collapsible inhalation device for use with a metered dose inhaler dispenser, the MDI dispenser operable to dispense a dose of a medication therefrom, the inhalation device comprising: an outlet end member including a mouthpiece; an inlet end member including an inlet port and an MDI dispenser mount structure configured to receive and engage the MDI dispenser; and a tubular, pliable, collapsible sleeve member having first and second opposed ends attached to the inlet end member and the outlet end member, respectively; wherein the inhalation device is positionable in each of an open position, wherein the outlet end member and the inlet end member are spaced apart and the sleeve member is extended such that the outlet end member, the inlet end member and the sleeve member define a chamber, and a closed position, wherein the sleeve member is collapsed and the outlet end member and the inlet end member are proximate one another and envelope the sleeve member; and wherein, when the inhalation device is in the open position with the MDI dispenser mounted in the MDI dispenser mount structure, a dose of the medication can be dispensed from the MDI dispenser into the chamber through the inlet port to mix with air in the chamber and thereby form a mixture of the air and the dose of the medication that can be inhaled by a patient from the chamber through the mouthpiece; characterized in that the outlet end member comprises: a one-way inhalation valve that enables outflow of air from the chamber through the mouthpiece and prevents inflow of air into the chamber through the mouthpiece; and a one-way blowback relief valve that enables outflow of air from the mouthpiece through the one-way blowback relief valve and prevents inflow of ambient air into the mouthpiece through the one-way blowback relief valve; and the outlet end member defines an exhaust port fluidly connected to the mouthpiece; and the outlet end member is configured to direct exhalation air flow from the patient through the mouthpiece, through the one-way blowback relief valve, and out through the exhaust port; the exhaust port is located on an axial end face of the outlet end member, and the mouthpiece is located on the same axial end face. an outlet end member including a mouthpiece; an inlet end member including an inlet port and an MDI dispenser mount structure configured to receive and engage the MDI dispenser; and a tubular, pliable, collapsible sleeve member having first and second opposed ends attached to the inlet end member and the outlet end member, respectively; a one-way inhalation valve that enables outflow of air from the chamber through the mouthpiece and prevents inflow of air into the chamber through the mouthpiece; and a one-way blowback relief valve that enables outflow of air from the mouthpiece through the one-way blowback relief valve and prevents inflow of ambient air into the mouthpiece through the one-way blowback relief valve; and
A glass tubing manufacturing apparatus comprising: a glass delivery tank for containing molten glass, the glass delivery tank comprising a delivery orifice extending through a bottom of the glass delivery tank; a bell head configured for forming molten glass into glass tubing, the bell head positioned at least partially beneath the delivery orifice of the glass delivery tank; a support connected to the bell head, the support comprising: a bell shaft with an inner bore and an outer surface, the bell shaft extending from the bell head through the delivery orifice of the glass delivery tank to a bell shaft support; a liner positioned in the inner bore of the bell shaft; a thermal shield positioned around at least a portion of the outer surface of the bell shaft, the thermal shield extending through the glass delivery tank, wherein the thermal shield is spaced apart from the bell head. a glass delivery tank for containing molten glass, the glass delivery tank comprising a delivery orifice extending through a bottom of the glass delivery tank; a bell head configured for forming molten glass into glass tubing, the bell head positioned at least partially beneath the delivery orifice of the glass delivery tank; a support connected to the bell head, the support comprising: a bell shaft with an inner bore and an outer surface, the bell shaft extending from the bell head through the delivery orifice of the glass delivery tank to a bell shaft support; a liner positioned in the inner bore of the bell shaft; a thermal shield positioned around at least a portion of the outer surface of the bell shaft, the thermal shield extending through the glass delivery tank, wherein the thermal shield is spaced apart from the bell head. a bell shaft with an inner bore and an outer surface, the bell shaft extending from the bell head through the delivery orifice of the glass delivery tank to a bell shaft support; a liner positioned in the inner bore of the bell shaft; a thermal shield positioned around at least a portion of the outer surface of the bell shaft, the thermal shield extending through the glass delivery tank, wherein the thermal shield is spaced apart from the bell head.
Method for controlling the unbalanced voltage on the DC side of a power converting apparatus comprising at least one H-bridge converter with two branches (11, 12) and a plurality of capacitors (C1, C2) disposed in series on the DC side, each point of connection between each two capacitors (C1, C2) corresponding with a neutral point, the method comprising a conversion stage in which a direct-voltage supplied by the capacitors (C1, C2) is converted into at least one multi-level alternating-voltage wave per branch (11, 12) by means of a specific modulation, an output voltage wave being obtained by combining the voltage waves of two branches (11, 12), and a control stage in which the unbalanced voltage on the DC side of an apparatus is controlled and which is carried out during the conversion stage, in the conversion stage the method carrying out the conversion by means of a selective harmonic elimination modulation or SHE in which a plurality of vectors are applied for each output voltage wave, different vectors being possible to be applied in a same time interval to obtain a same output voltage level in the corresponding voltage wave, and, in the control stage, the vector to be applied in a time interval in which different vectors can be applied to obtain the output voltage level in the corresponding voltage wave is selected, at least one neutral point being acted on with a current (I m) in one or another direction according to the vector applied, characterised in that the selection between two redundant vectors that act on a same neutral point with a same current (I m) but in opposing directions is performed in an alternated way, so that if in a first selection a vector is selected between the possible redundant vectors to be selected, that implies a current (I m) at the neutral point in one direction, the next time that a same selection can be made a vector is selected that implies a current (I m) at the neutral point in the opposite direction.
An apparatus for etching a glass substrate, the apparatus comprising: a vessel (110, 210, 310) configured to contain an etchant; a first plate (120, 220,320) in the vessel (110, 210, 310) configured to receive at least one horizontally placed glass substrate (125, 225, 325); a circulating unit (130, 230, 330) in the vessel (110, 210, 310) facing the first plate (120, 220, 320) and configured to create a flow of the etchant on a side of the first plate (120, 220, 320); and a sensor (140, 240, 340) on a sidewall of the vessel (110, 210, 310) and adjacent to the first plate (120, 220, 320) and configured to measure a thickness of the glass substrate (125, 225, 325). a vessel (110, 210, 310) configured to contain an etchant; a first plate (120, 220,320) in the vessel (110, 210, 310) configured to receive at least one horizontally placed glass substrate (125, 225, 325); a circulating unit (130, 230, 330) in the vessel (110, 210, 310) facing the first plate (120, 220, 320) and configured to create a flow of the etchant on a side of the first plate (120, 220, 320); and a sensor (140, 240, 340) on a sidewall of the vessel (110, 210, 310) and adjacent to the first plate (120, 220, 320) and configured to measure a thickness of the glass substrate (125, 225, 325).
A device comprising: an enclosure (410, 510) having a first end, a second end, and at least one aperture disposed between the first end and the second end; a source of organic molecules in fluid communication with the enclosure (410,510); a source of carrier gas in fluid communication with the source of organic molecules; a bypass valve; a first flow path from the source through the bypass valve, the first flow path having a first conductance; and a second flow path from the source through the at least one aperture, the second flow path having a second conductance; the first conductance being at least about 100 times the second conductance when the bypass valve is open; and wherein the device is configured to close the bypass valve, thus causing organic material to be ejected from the enclosure (410, 510) through the second flow path, through the at least one aperture when the bypass valve is closed, wherein the at least one aperture comprises a plurality of apertures, and the second flow path is from the organic source through the plurality of apertures, wherein the plurality of apertures has a total cross-sectional area in the range of about 3x10 5 μm 2 to about 3x10 6 μm 2; and wherein the enclosure (410, 510) has a cross-sectional area at least about 100 times the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of apertures. an enclosure (410, 510) having a first end, a second end, and at least one aperture disposed between the first end and the second end; a source of organic molecules in fluid communication with the enclosure (410,510); a source of carrier gas in fluid communication with the source of organic molecules; a bypass valve; a first flow path from the source through the bypass valve, the first flow path having a first conductance; and a second flow path from the source through the at least one aperture, the second flow path having a second conductance; the first conductance being at least about 100 times the second conductance when the bypass valve is open; and wherein the device is configured to close the bypass valve, thus causing organic material to be ejected from the enclosure (410, 510) through the second flow path, through the at least one aperture when the bypass valve is closed, wherein the at least one aperture comprises a plurality of apertures, and the second flow path is from the organic source through the plurality of apertures, wherein the plurality of apertures has a total cross-sectional area in the range of about 3x10 5 μm 2 to about 3x10 6 μm 2; and wherein the enclosure (410, 510) has a cross-sectional area at least about 100 times the total cross-sectional area of the plurality of apertures.
Starting method for internal combustion engines in motor vehicles with a start-stop system, the starter motor of which drives a pinion (13; 40), preferably a plug-in pinion, via a freewheel to start the internal combustion engine, and which, at the start of a stop phase, is axially meshed into a gear rim of the internal combustion engine by an engagement device (12, 20), preferably with an interposed engagement spring, wherein the pinion is meshed into the still rotating gear rim with an axial pressure springing at the start of the stop phase, after the internal combustion engine has been switched off and before it comes to a standstill, preferably when the starter motor is stationary, characterized in that adjacent teeth of the pinion and adjacent teeth of the gear rim each have an axial length which differs by the same amount (x) in the region of the front end faces which are opposite one another in the disengaged state.
Sealing arrangement of a polymer-conveying gear pump, wherein the sealing arrangement being able to seal an interior of the gear pump from an exterior of the gear pump and the sealing arrangement having at least two parts (2, 3) each with at least one sealing surface (20, 21), the sealing surfaces (20, 21) comprising: - a first seal along a first, medial perimeter of the sealing surface (20, 21), - a second seal along a second, lateral perimeter of the sealing surface (20, 21), - a recess between the first seal and the second seal, wherein the recess being sealed off from the interior space, wherein an entry point for flushing medium and an exit point for flushing medium being provided, which are operatively connected to the recess and wherein the recess can be connected to a source with a flushing medium in such a way that the recess can be actively flushed through with the flushing medium, the flushing medium being an inert gas or an inert liquid, characterized in that the sealing arrangement further comprises: - a flow sensor for measuring a flushing medium flow rate through the recess, - an inlet-side pressure sensor and an outlet-side pressure sensor to monitor the pressure conditions in the recess, and - an on/off switch for a selective stopping of the flushing medium flow through the recess to be able to make a statement about the functionality of the sealing arrangement and any malfunctions. - a first seal along a first, medial perimeter of the sealing surface (20, 21), - a second seal along a second, lateral perimeter of the sealing surface (20, 21), - a recess between the first seal and the second seal, wherein the recess being sealed off from the interior space, wherein an entry point for flushing medium and an exit point for flushing medium being provided, which are operatively connected to the recess and wherein the recess can be connected to a source with a flushing medium in such a way that the recess can be actively flushed through with the flushing medium, the flushing medium being an inert gas or an inert liquid, - a flow sensor for measuring a flushing medium flow rate through the recess, - an inlet-side pressure sensor and an outlet-side pressure sensor to monitor the pressure conditions in the recess, and - an on/off switch for a selective stopping of the flushing medium flow through the recess to be able to make a statement about the functionality of the sealing arrangement and any malfunctions.
Hydraulic valve for a pivoting motor adjuster of a camshaft, having a valve housing with a longitudinal axis and a valve piston which is positioned in the valve housing such that it can be displaced axially along the longitudinal axis, wherein a first working connector of the valve housing and a second working connector of the valve housing can be opened and closed with the aid of the valve piston, wherein the first working connector and the second working connector are spaced apart from one another axially, and having a supply connector of the valve housing which serves to supply the hydraulic valve with a hydraulic fluid which is delivered with the aid of a delivery device, wherein the hydraulic fluid can flow through the hydraulic valve differently with the aid of a duct system of the valve piston, through which flow can pass, and wherein a check valve for opening and closing an inflow duct is arranged in the hydraulic valve in the inflow duct of the valve housing which is assigned to the supply connector, wherein the check valve comprises a disc-shaped first closing element, through which flow can pass and which has a first passage opening, and a spring element, characterized in that the check valve has a second closing element (31, 31'), through which flow can pass and which has a second passage opening (34, 34'), wherein the first passage opening lies opposite a second outer section (37, 37') of the second closing element (31, 31'), through which flow cannot pass, and the second passage opening (34, 34') lies opposite a first inner section of the first closing element, through which flow cannot pass, with the result that opening or closing of the check valve can be brought about by way of a relative movement between the first closing element and the second closing element (31, 31'), wherein the first passage opening is of groove-like configuration and the second passage opening (34, 34') is of circular configuration.