Position measuring device for generating incremental signals (INC A, INC B) and a reference pulse signal at at least one reference position (x REF), consisting of a scanning unit (10; 310) and a material measure (30; 30'; 330) moveable with respect thereto in at least one measurement direction (x), - wherein the material measure (30; 330) comprises two incremental graduation tracks extending parallel in the measurement direction (x) and having periodic incremental graduations (33.1, 33.2; 33.1', 33.2'; 333.1, 333.2), between which a reference marking track is arranged, which has a reference marking (31; 31'; 331) at at least one reference position (x REF), and - wherein the scanning unit (10; 310) - comprises first scanning means for generating the reference pulse signal and - comprises second scanning means for generating the incremental signals (INC A, INC B), wherein for generating the incremental signals (INC A, INC B) each of the incremental graduations (33.1, 33.2; 33.1', 33.2'; 333.1, 333.2) is impinged on by a scanning beam at least once in an incremental signal scanning field (53.1, 53.2; 53.1', 53.2'), and the second scanning means - comprise a plurality of optical elements, which include a plurality of scanning gratings (18.1 - 18.4; 318.1 - 318.4), at least one combining grating (18.5) and at least two reflector elements (17.1, 17.2; 317.1, 317.2), via which the beams coming from a first incremental signal scanning field (53.1; 53.1') of one incremental graduation (33.1; 33.1'; 333.1) are reflected back into a second incremental signal scanning field (53.2; 53.2') of the other incremental graduation (33.2; 33.2'; 333.2), and - comprise a plurality of incremental signal detector elements (20.1, 20.2, 20.3; 321.1, 321.2, 321.3). - wherein the material measure (30; 330) comprises two incremental graduation tracks extending parallel in the measurement direction (x) and having periodic incremental graduations (33.1, 33.2; 33.1', 33.2'; 333.1, 333.2), between which a reference marking track is arranged, which has a reference marking (31; 31'; 331) at at least one reference position (x REF), and - wherein the scanning unit (10; 310) - comprises first scanning means for generating the reference pulse signal and - comprises second scanning means for generating the incremental signals (INC A, INC B), wherein for generating the incremental signals (INC A, INC B) each of the incremental graduations (33.1, 33.2; 33.1', 33.2'; 333.1, 333.2) is impinged on by a scanning beam at least once in an incremental signal scanning field (53.1, 53.2; 53.1', 53.2'), and the second scanning means - comprise a plurality of optical elements, which include a plurality of scanning gratings (18.1 - 18.4; 318.1 - 318.4), at least one combining grating (18.5) and at least two reflector elements (17.1, 17.2; 317.1, 317.2), via which the beams coming from a first incremental signal scanning field (53.1; 53.1') of one incremental graduation (33.1; 33.1'; 333.1) are reflected back into a second incremental signal scanning field (53.2; 53.2') of the other incremental graduation (33.2; 33.2'; 333.2), and - comprises first scanning means for generating the reference pulse signal and - comprises second scanning means for generating the incremental signals (INC A, INC B), wherein for generating the incremental signals (INC A, INC B) each of the incremental graduations (33.1, 33.2; 33.1', 33.2'; 333.1, 333.2) is impinged on by a scanning beam at least once in an incremental signal scanning field (53.1, 53.2; 53.1', 53.2'), and the second scanning means - comprise a plurality of optical elements, which include a plurality of scanning gratings (18.1 - 18.4; 318.1 - 318.4), at least one combining grating (18.5) and at least two reflector elements (17.1, 17.2; 317.1, 317.2), via which the beams coming from a first incremental signal scanning field (53.1; 53.1') of one incremental graduation (33.1; 33.1'; 333.1) are reflected back into a second incremental signal scanning field (53.2; 53.2') of the other incremental graduation (33.2; 33.2'; 333.2), and - comprise a plurality of incremental signal detector elements (20.1, 20.2, 20.3; 321.1, 321.2, 321.3).