A method for quantifying a concentration of a fluorophore in a target turbid medium, the method comprising: detecting fluorescence emission from a target surface of the target turbid medium, the detected fluorescence emission including fluorescence emission of the fluorophore generated using a fluorescence excitation wavelength provided to the target turbid medium, wherein the detected fluorescence emission comprises a detected fluorescence spectrum; detecting diffuse reflectance over a spectral range of wavelengths detected from the target surface at at least one predetermined distance from one or more broadband excitation sources (2', 4', 5', 6', 7') to obtain at least one diffuse reflectance spectrum; determining an absorption coefficient ( μ α) and a transport scattering coefficient (μ 's) of the target turbid medium using the at least one diffuse reflectance spectrum and a priori knowledge of absorption and transport scattering spectra of a reference turbid medium, wherein determining the absorption coefficient ( μ α) and transport scattering coefficient (μ's) comprises: receiving an a priori absorption coefficient spectrum ( μ α '( λ)) and an a priori transport scattering coefficient spectrum (μ's ( λ)) as functions of wavelength from the at least one diffuse reflectance spectrum, and calculating the determined absorption coefficient ( μ a) and transport scattering coefficient (μ ' s) for the fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths based on the a priori absorption and transport scattering coefficient spectra and the detected diffuse reflectance over the spectral range of wavelengths at the at least one predetermined distance; calculating a quantitative fluorescence spectrum from the detected fluorescence emission using the determined absorption and transport scattering coefficients of the target turbid medium; and determining the concentration of the fluorophore in the target turbid medium from the quantitative fluorescence spectrum through spectral decomposition. detecting fluorescence emission from a target surface of the target turbid medium, the detected fluorescence emission including fluorescence emission of the fluorophore generated using a fluorescence excitation wavelength provided to the target turbid medium, wherein the detected fluorescence emission comprises a detected fluorescence spectrum; detecting diffuse reflectance over a spectral range of wavelengths detected from the target surface at at least one predetermined distance from one or more broadband excitation sources (2', 4', 5', 6', 7') to obtain at least one diffuse reflectance spectrum; determining an absorption coefficient ( μ α) and a transport scattering coefficient (μ 's) of the target turbid medium using the at least one diffuse reflectance spectrum and a priori knowledge of absorption and transport scattering spectra of a reference turbid medium, wherein determining the absorption coefficient ( μ α) and transport scattering coefficient (μ's) comprises: receiving an a priori absorption coefficient spectrum ( μ α '( λ)) and an a priori transport scattering coefficient spectrum (μ's ( λ)) as functions of wavelength from the at least one diffuse reflectance spectrum, and calculating the determined absorption coefficient ( μ a) and transport scattering coefficient (μ ' s) for the fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths based on the a priori absorption and transport scattering coefficient spectra and the detected diffuse reflectance over the spectral range of wavelengths at the at least one predetermined distance; receiving an a priori absorption coefficient spectrum ( μ α '( λ)) and an a priori transport scattering coefficient spectrum (μ's ( λ)) as functions of wavelength from the at least one diffuse reflectance spectrum, and calculating the determined absorption coefficient ( μ a) and transport scattering coefficient (μ ' s) for the fluorescence excitation and emission wavelengths based on the a priori absorption and transport scattering coefficient spectra and the detected diffuse reflectance over the spectral range of wavelengths at the at least one predetermined distance; calculating a quantitative fluorescence spectrum from the detected fluorescence emission using the determined absorption and transport scattering coefficients of the target turbid medium; and determining the concentration of the fluorophore in the target turbid medium from the quantitative fluorescence spectrum through spectral decomposition.