A method for controlling peak power consumption, at least comprising: monitoring a load of a to-be-controlled module in a current power consumption statistical period, wherein each power consumption statistical period comprises k monitoring windows, wherein the to-be-controlled module works in one of n power consumption states, comprising a normal power consumption state and one or more peak power consumption states, each with a corresponding frequency, and n is a positive integer; when loads of monitoring windows in the current power consumption statistical period are all greater than a load threshold, regardless of the current power consumption state, the to-be-controlled module enters a lowest peak power consumption state, and a working clock of the to-be-controlled module is controlled based on a frequency level corresponding to the lowest peak power consumption state, which is the lowest frequency level; when the loads of the monitoring windows in the current power consumption statistical period are all less than the load threshold and are all greater than a lower load limit: if a current power consumption state of the to-be-controlled module is in the normal power consumption state, maintaining the current power consumption state, and leaving the frequency level unchanged; and if the current power consumption state of the to-be-controlled module is lower than the normal power consumption state, the to-be-controlled module enters a power consumption state of an upper level, the frequency level rises by one level, the working clock of the to-be-controlled module is controlled based on the frequency level corresponding to the power consumption state of the upper level, and the load of the to-be-controlled module is increased; when the loads of the monitoring windows in the current power consumption statistical period are not all less than the load threshold or are not all greater than the load threshold, maintaining the current power consumption state, leaving the frequency level unchanged, and leaving the load of the to-be-controlled module unchanged; and monitoring the load of the to-be-controlled module in subsequent power consumption statistical periods, and adjusting a frequency of the working clock of the to-be-controlled module based on a load condition in the power consumption statistical periods, so that the to-be-controlled module works at the highest frequency when the peak power consumption of the to-be-controlled module does not exceed the load threshold. when loads of monitoring windows in the current power consumption statistical period are all greater than a load threshold, regardless of the current power consumption state, the to-be-controlled module enters a lowest peak power consumption state, and a working clock of the to-be-controlled module is controlled based on a frequency level corresponding to the lowest peak power consumption state, which is the lowest frequency level; when the loads of the monitoring windows in the current power consumption statistical period are all less than the load threshold and are all greater than a lower load limit: if a current power consumption state of the to-be-controlled module is in the normal power consumption state, maintaining the current power consumption state, and leaving the frequency level unchanged; and if the current power consumption state of the to-be-controlled module is lower than the normal power consumption state, the to-be-controlled module enters a power consumption state of an upper level, the frequency level rises by one level, the working clock of the to-be-controlled module is controlled based on the frequency level corresponding to the power consumption state of the upper level, and the load of the to-be-controlled module is increased; if a current power consumption state of the to-be-controlled module is in the normal power consumption state, maintaining the current power consumption state, and leaving the frequency level unchanged; and if the current power consumption state of the to-be-controlled module is lower than the normal power consumption state, the to-be-controlled module enters a power consumption state of an upper level, the frequency level rises by one level, the working clock of the to-be-controlled module is controlled based on the frequency level corresponding to the power consumption state of the upper level, and the load of the to-be-controlled module is increased; when the loads of the monitoring windows in the current power consumption statistical period are not all less than the load threshold or are not all greater than the load threshold, maintaining the current power consumption state, leaving the frequency level unchanged, and leaving the load of the to-be-controlled module unchanged; and monitoring the load of the to-be-controlled module in subsequent power consumption statistical periods, and adjusting a frequency of the working clock of the to-be-controlled module based on a load condition in the power consumption statistical periods, so that the to-be-controlled module works at the highest frequency when the peak power consumption of the to-be-controlled module does not exceed the load threshold.