A camera module, comprising: a lens assembly having a particular optical design, that includes at least: a lens barrel; and multiple lens elements embedded within the lens barrel, wherein a change of temperature causes an optical focal shift that is determined according to a particular optical thermal shift rate associated with the particular optical design; characterised by a lens holder having a lens holder coefficient of thermal expansion to compensate for the optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion, wherein: a first area of the lens holder is attached to the lens barrel using a lens attach adhesive; and the change of temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE; and an image sensor assembly that includes at least: an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the multiple lens elements of the lens assembly and to convert the captured light into image signals; and a substrate coupled to the image sensor, wherein a second area of the lens holder is attached to the substrate using a holder attach adhesive. a lens assembly having a particular optical design, that includes at least: a lens barrel; and multiple lens elements embedded within the lens barrel, wherein a change of temperature causes an optical focal shift that is determined according to a particular optical thermal shift rate associated with the particular optical design; characterised by a lens holder having a lens holder coefficient of thermal expansion to compensate for the optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion, wherein: a first area of the lens holder is attached to the lens barrel using a lens attach adhesive; and the change of temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE; and a lens barrel; and multiple lens elements embedded within the lens barrel, wherein a change of temperature causes an optical focal shift that is determined according to a particular optical thermal shift rate associated with the particular optical design; characterised by a lens holder having a lens holder coefficient of thermal expansion to compensate for the optical focal shift by thermo-mechanical expansion, wherein: a first area of the lens holder is attached to the lens barrel using a lens attach adhesive; and the change of temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE; and a first area of the lens holder is attached to the lens barrel using a lens attach adhesive; and the change of temperature causes a length expansion of the lens holder that is determined at least in part according to the lens holder CTE; and an image sensor assembly that includes at least: an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the multiple lens elements of the lens assembly and to convert the captured light into image signals; and a substrate coupled to the image sensor, wherein a second area of the lens holder is attached to the substrate using a holder attach adhesive. an image sensor configured to capture light passing through the multiple lens elements of the lens assembly and to convert the captured light into image signals; and a substrate coupled to the image sensor, wherein a second area of the lens holder is attached to the substrate using a holder attach adhesive.