An electromagnetic wave phase/amplitude generation device comprising: a radiation unit comprising a light source selected from a laser light source, a semiconductor laser light source and a light emitting diode light source, and a spatial light modulator, wherein the electromagnetic waves emitted from the light source are radiated to a sample to be observed via the spatial light modulator, wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a plurality of regions, and wherein the spatial light modulator is configured to change the state of the electromagnetic waves for each of the plurality of regions by modulating at least one of the group consisting of the intensity of the electromagnetic waves, the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves, and the phase of the electromagnetic waves to radiate electromagnetic waves having a random radiation pattern with respect to spatial frequency; an imaging unit comprising an imaging element which accumulates charges corresponding to the intensity of electromagnetic waves scattered by the sample, the imaging unit being configured to generate a captured image indicating the intensity of the electromagnetic waves scattered by the sample on the basis of the charges accumulated by the imaging element; a storage unit configured to store information indicating the radiation pattern, wherein the stored information includes distance-specific wavefront pattern information indicating states of wavefronts of the electromagnetic waves scattered by the sample at a plurality of distances; and a generation unit configured to generate information indicating at least a phase and amplitude of a tomographic plane of the sample to be observed by performing an arithmetic sparsity constraint operation according to sparsity of the sample on the basis of the captured image generated by the imaging unit and the distance-specific wavefront pattern information included in the information indicating the radiation pattern stored by the storage unit. a radiation unit comprising a light source selected from a laser light source, a semiconductor laser light source and a light emitting diode light source, and a spatial light modulator, wherein the electromagnetic waves emitted from the light source are radiated to a sample to be observed via the spatial light modulator, wherein the spatial light modulator comprises a plurality of regions, and wherein the spatial light modulator is configured to change the state of the electromagnetic waves for each of the plurality of regions by modulating at least one of the group consisting of the intensity of the electromagnetic waves, the amplitude of the electromagnetic waves, and the phase of the electromagnetic waves to radiate electromagnetic waves having a random radiation pattern with respect to spatial frequency; an imaging unit comprising an imaging element which accumulates charges corresponding to the intensity of electromagnetic waves scattered by the sample, the imaging unit being configured to generate a captured image indicating the intensity of the electromagnetic waves scattered by the sample on the basis of the charges accumulated by the imaging element; a storage unit configured to store information indicating the radiation pattern, wherein the stored information includes distance-specific wavefront pattern information indicating states of wavefronts of the electromagnetic waves scattered by the sample at a plurality of distances; and a generation unit configured to generate information indicating at least a phase and amplitude of a tomographic plane of the sample to be observed by performing an arithmetic sparsity constraint operation according to sparsity of the sample on the basis of the captured image generated by the imaging unit and the distance-specific wavefront pattern information included in the information indicating the radiation pattern stored by the storage unit.