A system comprising: a laser (212; 310) configured to provide an optical signal (511a; 511b); a modulator (282a-b; 320; 580a-b) configured to modulate the optical signal from the laser to generate a modulated optical signal; an optical coupler configured to generate a reference optical signal (514a; 514b) associated with the optical signal from the laser, to transmit the modulated optical signal toward an object, and to receive a returned optical signal (524a; 524b) responsive to transmitting the modulated optical signal toward the object; an optical mixer (284; 360) configured to mix the returned optical signal with the reference optical signal to generate a mixed optical signal (362; 562a, b), wherein the reference optical signal is associated with the optical signal from the laser; an optical detector (230; 330) configured to detect the mixed optical signal to generate an electrical signal; and a processor configured to determine a parameter of an internal reflection of the returned optical signal from one or more optical components based on the electrical signal and the modulated optical signal, and to operate a vehicle based on the parameter of the internal reflection, wherein the optical coupler is further configured to transmit the modulated optical signal toward the object for each of a first plurality of measurements, and to receive the returned optical signal for each of the first plurality of measurements, wherein the optical mixer is further configured to generate the mixed optical signal for each of the first plurality of measurements, and wherein the optical detector is further configured to generate the electrical signal for each of the first plurality of measurements, wherein the parameter comprises a phase of the internal reflection for each of the first plurality of measurements, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the parameter of the internal reflection based on a dot product of the modulated optical signal with the electrical signal circularly shifted by an expected range index for each of the first plurality of measurements. a laser (212; 310) configured to provide an optical signal (511a; 511b); a modulator (282a-b; 320; 580a-b) configured to modulate the optical signal from the laser to generate a modulated optical signal; an optical coupler configured to generate a reference optical signal (514a; 514b) associated with the optical signal from the laser, to transmit the modulated optical signal toward an object, and to receive a returned optical signal (524a; 524b) responsive to transmitting the modulated optical signal toward the object; an optical mixer (284; 360) configured to mix the returned optical signal with the reference optical signal to generate a mixed optical signal (362; 562a, b), wherein the reference optical signal is associated with the optical signal from the laser; an optical detector (230; 330) configured to detect the mixed optical signal to generate an electrical signal; and a processor configured to determine a parameter of an internal reflection of the returned optical signal from one or more optical components based on the electrical signal and the modulated optical signal, and to operate a vehicle based on the parameter of the internal reflection, wherein the optical coupler is further configured to transmit the modulated optical signal toward the object for each of a first plurality of measurements, and to receive the returned optical signal for each of the first plurality of measurements, wherein the optical mixer is further configured to generate the mixed optical signal for each of the first plurality of measurements, and wherein the optical detector is further configured to generate the electrical signal for each of the first plurality of measurements, wherein the parameter comprises a phase of the internal reflection for each of the first plurality of measurements, wherein the processor is further configured to determine the parameter of the internal reflection based on a dot product of the modulated optical signal with the electrical signal circularly shifted by an expected range index for each of the first plurality of measurements.