A system for surgical planning and assessment of spinal deformity correction in a subject, the system comprising: a spinal imaging system capable of collecting at least one digitized position of one or more vertebral bodies of the subject; and a control unit in communication with the spinal imaging system, said control unit being configured to: determine a model of the subject based on the at least one digitized position of the one or more vertebral bodies received from the spinal imaging system, wherein the at least one digitized position of the one or more vertebral bodies corresponds to a standing lateral position of the subject; calculate an optimized posture for the subject based on a comparison of the determined model and one or more predetermined models that correspond to one or more anatomical characteristics of the subject; receive one or more simulated spinal correction inputs, wherein the one or more simulated spinal correction inputs one or more of (i) muscle force data and (ii) muscle activation data; predict a simulated postoperative surgical correction that maintains a center of mass over the ankles of the subject based on the received one or more simulated spinal correction inputs and the calculated optimized posture for the subject; and determine a surgical plan based on the predicted simulated postoperative surgical correction and communicate the determined surgical plan via a display. a spinal imaging system capable of collecting at least one digitized position of one or more vertebral bodies of the subject; and a control unit in communication with the spinal imaging system, said control unit being configured to: determine a model of the subject based on the at least one digitized position of the one or more vertebral bodies received from the spinal imaging system, wherein the at least one digitized position of the one or more vertebral bodies corresponds to a standing lateral position of the subject; calculate an optimized posture for the subject based on a comparison of the determined model and one or more predetermined models that correspond to one or more anatomical characteristics of the subject; receive one or more simulated spinal correction inputs, wherein the one or more simulated spinal correction inputs one or more of (i) muscle force data and (ii) muscle activation data; predict a simulated postoperative surgical correction that maintains a center of mass over the ankles of the subject based on the received one or more simulated spinal correction inputs and the calculated optimized posture for the subject; and determine a surgical plan based on the predicted simulated postoperative surgical correction and communicate the determined surgical plan via a display. determine a model of the subject based on the at least one digitized position of the one or more vertebral bodies received from the spinal imaging system, wherein the at least one digitized position of the one or more vertebral bodies corresponds to a standing lateral position of the subject; calculate an optimized posture for the subject based on a comparison of the determined model and one or more predetermined models that correspond to one or more anatomical characteristics of the subject; receive one or more simulated spinal correction inputs, wherein the one or more simulated spinal correction inputs one or more of (i) muscle force data and (ii) muscle activation data; predict a simulated postoperative surgical correction that maintains a center of mass over the ankles of the subject based on the received one or more simulated spinal correction inputs and the calculated optimized posture for the subject; and determine a surgical plan based on the predicted simulated postoperative surgical correction and communicate the determined surgical plan via a display.