An actinic ray-sensitive or radiation-sensitive resin composition, comprising: a resin capable of increasing a solubility of the resin in an alkali developer by an action of an acid; a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation; and a resin having at least either a fluorine atom or a silicon atom and containing (c) a repeating unit having at least two or more polarity conversion groups represented by - COO- in the structure represented by formula (KA-1) or (KB-1): wherein Z ka represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aryl group, a lactone ring group or an electron-withdrawing group, and when a plurality of Z ka 's are present, the plurality of Z ka 's are the same or different; each Z ka may combine with every other Z ka to form a ring; nka represents an integer of 0 to 10; each of X kb1 and X kb2 independently represents an electron-withdrawing group; each of nkb and nkb' independently represents 0 or 1; and each of R kb1 to R kb4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an electron-withdrawing group, at least two members of R kb1, R kb2 and X kb1 may combine with each other to form a ring, and at least two members of R kb3, R kb4 and X kb2 may combine with each other to form a ring; provided that the polarity conversion group represented by -COO- in the structure represented by formula (KA-1) or (KB-1) does not include an ester group directly bonded to the resin main chain in the repeating unit. a resin capable of increasing a solubility of the resin in an alkali developer by an action of an acid; a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation; and a resin having at least either a fluorine atom or a silicon atom and containing (c) a repeating unit having at least two or more polarity conversion groups represented by - COO- in the structure represented by formula (KA-1) or (KB-1): wherein Z ka represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aryl group, a lactone ring group or an electron-withdrawing group, and when a plurality of Z ka 's are present, the plurality of Z ka 's are the same or different; each Z ka may combine with every other Z ka to form a ring; nka represents an integer of 0 to 10; each of X kb1 and X kb2 independently represents an electron-withdrawing group; each of nkb and nkb' independently represents 0 or 1; and each of R kb1 to R kb4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an electron-withdrawing group, at least two members of R kb1, R kb2 and X kb1 may combine with each other to form a ring, and at least two members of R kb3, R kb4 and X kb2 may combine with each other to form a ring; provided that the polarity conversion group represented by -COO- in the structure represented by formula (KA-1) or (KB-1) does not include an ester group directly bonded to the resin main chain in the repeating unit. - COO- in the structure represented by formula (KA-1) or (KB-1): wherein Z ka represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aryl group, a lactone ring group or an electron-withdrawing group, and when a plurality of Z ka 's are present, the plurality of Z ka 's are the same or different; each Z ka may combine with every other Z ka to form a ring; nka represents an integer of 0 to 10; each of X kb1 and X kb2 independently represents an electron-withdrawing group; each of nkb and nkb' independently represents 0 or 1; and each of R kb1 to R kb4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an electron-withdrawing group, at least two members of R kb1, R kb2 and X kb1 may combine with each other to form a ring, and at least two members of R kb3, R kb4 and X kb2 may combine with each other to form a ring; provided that the polarity conversion group represented by -COO- in the structure represented by formula (KA-1) or (KB-1) does not include an ester group directly bonded to the resin main chain in the repeating unit. wherein Z ka represents an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an ether group, a hydroxyl group, an amide group, an aryl group, a lactone ring group or an electron-withdrawing group, and when a plurality of Z ka 's are present, the plurality of Z ka 's are the same or different; each Z ka may combine with every other Z ka to form a ring; nka represents an integer of 0 to 10; each of X kb1 and X kb2 independently represents an electron-withdrawing group; each of nkb and nkb' independently represents 0 or 1; and each of R kb1 to R kb4 independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or an electron-withdrawing group, at least two members of R kb1, R kb2 and X kb1 may combine with each other to form a ring, and at least two members of R kb3, R kb4 and X kb2 may combine with each other to form a ring; provided that the polarity conversion group represented by -COO- in the structure represented by formula (KA-1) or (KB-1) does not include an ester group directly bonded to the resin main chain in the repeating unit.