A method for quantum key distribution, the method comprising: generating (101, 101-1, 701), by a transmitter participating in the QKD process, a key information bit string and a transmitter authentication information bit string corresponding to transmitter authentication information generated by a first pre-provisioned algorithm, wherein the transmitter authentication information varies dynamically in different QKD processes initiated towards a receiver; selecting (101, 101-2, 702), by the transmitter, a preparation basis for authenticating transmitter identity information according to a basis selection rule; sequentially transmitting (101, 101-3, 703), by the transmitter, a plurality of quantum states of a binary bit string comprising the key information bit string and the transmitter authentication information bit string, the transmitter authentication information bit string corresponding to the transmitter authentication information being transmitted in the form of quantum states using the preselected preparation basis; receiving (102, 102-3), by the receiver participating in the QKD process, the plurality of quantum states; measuring (102, 102-3), by the receiver, the plurality of quantum states of the bit string corresponding to the transmitter authentication information using the preselected preparation basis to generate the bit string corresponding to the transmitter authentication information and measured with the receiver; comparing the measured plurality of quantum states and the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm; determining that the transmitter is authenticated when the measured plurality of quantum states is consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm; determining that the transmitter is not authenticated when the measured plurality of quantum states is not consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm; terminating the QKD process when the measured plurality of quantum states is not consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm, when the measured plurality of quantum states is consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated, randomly selecting, by the receiver, a measurement basis to measure received quantum states of key information bit string to generate a random key information bit string. generating (101, 101-1, 701), by a transmitter participating in the QKD process, a key information bit string and a transmitter authentication information bit string corresponding to transmitter authentication information generated by a first pre-provisioned algorithm, wherein the transmitter authentication information varies dynamically in different QKD processes initiated towards a receiver; selecting (101, 101-2, 702), by the transmitter, a preparation basis for authenticating transmitter identity information according to a basis selection rule; sequentially transmitting (101, 101-3, 703), by the transmitter, a plurality of quantum states of a binary bit string comprising the key information bit string and the transmitter authentication information bit string, the transmitter authentication information bit string corresponding to the transmitter authentication information being transmitted in the form of quantum states using the preselected preparation basis; receiving (102, 102-3), by the receiver participating in the QKD process, the plurality of quantum states; measuring (102, 102-3), by the receiver, the plurality of quantum states of the bit string corresponding to the transmitter authentication information using the preselected preparation basis to generate the bit string corresponding to the transmitter authentication information and measured with the receiver; comparing the measured plurality of quantum states and the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm; determining that the transmitter is authenticated when the measured plurality of quantum states is consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm; determining that the transmitter is not authenticated when the measured plurality of quantum states is not consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm; terminating the QKD process when the measured plurality of quantum states is not consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated using the first pre-provisioned algorithm, when the measured plurality of quantum states is consistent with the transmitter authentication information calculated, randomly selecting, by the receiver, a measurement basis to measure received quantum states of key information bit string to generate a random key information bit string.