An electrophysiology medical device, comprising: a catheter shaft including a distal end portion; a contact-sensing assembly having three or more terminals; wherein the contact-sensing assembly includes one or more current-carrying electrodes and two or more sensing electrodes; wherein the one or more current-carrying electrodes, the two or more sensing electrodes, or both includes a mini-electrode; wherein the mini-electrode is disposed on one of the other electrodes; wherein the two or more sensing electrodes are located at different distances away from the current carrying electrode; and a controller coupled to the contact-sensing assembly, the controller configured to: measure a potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and a reference electrode, model said potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and the reference electrode based on a distance between the one or more current-carrying electrodes and the two or more sensing electrodes, wherein the potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and a reference electrode are modelled as being inversely proportional to the distance between the one or more current-carrying electrode and the two or more sensing electrodes, the parameters of the linear model determining tissue contact. a catheter shaft including a distal end portion; a contact-sensing assembly having three or more terminals; wherein the contact-sensing assembly includes one or more current-carrying electrodes and two or more sensing electrodes; wherein the one or more current-carrying electrodes, the two or more sensing electrodes, or both includes a mini-electrode; wherein the mini-electrode is disposed on one of the other electrodes; wherein the two or more sensing electrodes are located at different distances away from the current carrying electrode; and wherein the contact-sensing assembly includes one or more current-carrying electrodes and two or more sensing electrodes; wherein the one or more current-carrying electrodes, the two or more sensing electrodes, or both includes a mini-electrode; wherein the mini-electrode is disposed on one of the other electrodes; wherein the two or more sensing electrodes are located at different distances away from the current carrying electrode; and a controller coupled to the contact-sensing assembly, the controller configured to: measure a potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and a reference electrode, model said potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and the reference electrode based on a distance between the one or more current-carrying electrodes and the two or more sensing electrodes, wherein the potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and a reference electrode are modelled as being inversely proportional to the distance between the one or more current-carrying electrode and the two or more sensing electrodes, the parameters of the linear model determining tissue contact. measure a potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and a reference electrode, model said potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and the reference electrode based on a distance between the one or more current-carrying electrodes and the two or more sensing electrodes, wherein the potential difference between the two or more sensing electrodes and a reference electrode are modelled as being inversely proportional to the distance between the one or more current-carrying electrode and the two or more sensing electrodes, the parameters of the linear model determining tissue contact.