A method for triggering a route failover, comprising: establishing (201; 301; 401; 501), by a service provider-end provider edge device, a binding relationship between a first neighbor relationship and a second neighbor relationship, wherein the second neighbor relationship is between the service provider-end provider edge device and a user-end provider edge device; characterized in that the first neighbor relationship is between the service provider-end provider edge device and a routing device of a backbone network; and by establishing, by the service provider-end provider edge device, multiple first neighbor relationships with multiple routing devices in the backbone network respectively, learning routes from the multiple routing devices; wherein with respect to the case that the routes learned from the multiple routing devices are the same or different, the following alternative processing steps for triggering the route failover process include: for case 1: using a logical operator AND to connect the multiple first neighbor relationships in the established binding relationship if the learned routes are the same; detecting whether the multiple first neighbour relationships are all broken; and triggering the user-end provider edge device to perform the route failover by the service provider-end provider edge device if the multiple first neighbour relationships are all broken; or for case 2: connecting the multiple first neighbour relationships using a logical operator OR in the established binding relationship if the learned routes are different; detecting whether any one of the multiple first neighbour relationships is broken; and triggering the user-end provider edge device to perform the route failover by the service provider-end provider edge device if any one of the multiple first neighbour relationships is broken. establishing (201; 301; 401; 501), by a service provider-end provider edge device, a binding relationship between a first neighbor relationship and a second neighbor relationship, wherein the second neighbor relationship is between the service provider-end provider edge device and a user-end provider edge device; characterized in that the first neighbor relationship is between the service provider-end provider edge device and a routing device of a backbone network; and by establishing, by the service provider-end provider edge device, multiple first neighbor relationships with multiple routing devices in the backbone network respectively, learning routes from the multiple routing devices; wherein with respect to the case that the routes learned from the multiple routing devices are the same or different, the following alternative processing steps for triggering the route failover process include: for case 1: using a logical operator AND to connect the multiple first neighbor relationships in the established binding relationship if the learned routes are the same; detecting whether the multiple first neighbour relationships are all broken; and triggering the user-end provider edge device to perform the route failover by the service provider-end provider edge device if the multiple first neighbour relationships are all broken; or for case 2: connecting the multiple first neighbour relationships using a logical operator OR in the established binding relationship if the learned routes are different; detecting whether any one of the multiple first neighbour relationships is broken; and triggering the user-end provider edge device to perform the route failover by the service provider-end provider edge device if any one of the multiple first neighbour relationships is broken. for case 1: using a logical operator AND to connect the multiple first neighbor relationships in the established binding relationship if the learned routes are the same; detecting whether the multiple first neighbour relationships are all broken; and triggering the user-end provider edge device to perform the route failover by the service provider-end provider edge device if the multiple first neighbour relationships are all broken; or for case 2: connecting the multiple first neighbour relationships using a logical operator OR in the established binding relationship if the learned routes are different; detecting whether any one of the multiple first neighbour relationships is broken; and triggering the user-end provider edge device to perform the route failover by the service provider-end provider edge device if any one of the multiple first neighbour relationships is broken.