An optical system configured to predict clinical visual performance of an intraocular lens, the system comprising: a measurement device configured to acquire a plurality of images of a target including objects with different spatial frequencies and obtain modulation transfer function and/or phase transfer function at different spatial frequencies for different defocus positions of the IOL in a vision range from the acquired plurality of images, the measurement device comprising: a processor configured to execute programmable instructions stored in a non-transitory computer storage medium to: calculate at least one preclinical metric selected from: an area under the MTF (MTFa), wherein the MTFa is calculated by integrating the MTF obtained for different spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; a cross correlation coefficient (X-cor), wherein the X-cor is calculated by performing a convolution of a reference image and the plurality of images acquired by the measurement device at each of the different defocus positions; a weighted MTF (wMTF), wherein the wMTF is calculated by integrating a product of a threshold contrast sensitivity (CS th) and the MTF obtained for different spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; and a weighted optical transfer function (wOTF), wherein the wOTF is calculated by integrating a product of a contrast sensitivity (CS th), the obtained MTF, and cosine of the PTF obtained for spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; and obtain a simulated visual acuity at different defocus positions of the intraocular lens from correlating the calculated at least one preclinical metric with clinical data that predicts the VA in different IOL models, or obtain a simulated contrast sensitivity of the intraocular lens from correlating the calculated at least one preclinical metric with clinical data that predicts the CS in different IOL models. a processor configured to execute programmable instructions stored in a non-transitory computer storage medium to: calculate at least one preclinical metric selected from: an area under the MTF (MTFa), wherein the MTFa is calculated by integrating the MTF obtained for different spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; a cross correlation coefficient (X-cor), wherein the X-cor is calculated by performing a convolution of a reference image and the plurality of images acquired by the measurement device at each of the different defocus positions; a weighted MTF (wMTF), wherein the wMTF is calculated by integrating a product of a threshold contrast sensitivity (CS th) and the MTF obtained for different spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; and a weighted optical transfer function (wOTF), wherein the wOTF is calculated by integrating a product of a contrast sensitivity (CS th), the obtained MTF, and cosine of the PTF obtained for spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; and an area under the MTF (MTFa), wherein the MTFa is calculated by integrating the MTF obtained for different spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; a cross correlation coefficient (X-cor), wherein the X-cor is calculated by performing a convolution of a reference image and the plurality of images acquired by the measurement device at each of the different defocus positions; a weighted MTF (wMTF), wherein the wMTF is calculated by integrating a product of a threshold contrast sensitivity (CS th) and the MTF obtained for different spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; and a weighted optical transfer function (wOTF), wherein the wOTF is calculated by integrating a product of a contrast sensitivity (CS th), the obtained MTF, and cosine of the PTF obtained for spatial frequencies between 0 cycles per mm and 200 cycles per mm for each of the different defocus positions; and obtain a simulated visual acuity at different defocus positions of the intraocular lens from correlating the calculated at least one preclinical metric with clinical data that predicts the VA in different IOL models, or obtain a simulated contrast sensitivity of the intraocular lens from correlating the calculated at least one preclinical metric with clinical data that predicts the CS in different IOL models.