A MEMS-based atmospheric electric field sensor on the ground, comprising an arc-roof detection structure, wherein, the arc-roof detection structure comprises an electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing, wherein a top part of the electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing is arc-shaped, and a bottom part of the electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing is provided with a groove facing towards the top part; an electrically conducting binding post is disposed at a top part of the groove and connected in an electrically conductive way to the arc-roof rainproof housing; a fixing-supporting chamber body upper part which is a cylinder body with a closed top part and an open bottom part, and is arranged in the groove; the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part is disposed inside the arc-roof rainproof housing; wherein, the electrically conducting binding post impenetrates the top part of the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part and is electrically isolated from the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part; a fixing-supporting chamber body lower part closing a bottom opening of the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part to form the fixing-supporting chamber body; and wherein a chamber body structure is disposed below the arc-roof detection structure and includes a main housing, which is a cylinder body with a closed top part and an open bottom part, the top part of the main housing is provided with a first hole and a back cover closing a bottom opening of the main housing, wherein at least one MEMS electric field measuring module 3 is mounted inside the fixing-supporting chamber body or the chamber body structure for detecting an external electric field through the electrically conducting binding post and the electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing. wherein, the arc-roof detection structure comprises an electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing, wherein a top part of the electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing is arc-shaped, and a bottom part of the electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing is provided with a groove facing towards the top part; an electrically conducting binding post is disposed at a top part of the groove and connected in an electrically conductive way to the arc-roof rainproof housing; a fixing-supporting chamber body upper part which is a cylinder body with a closed top part and an open bottom part, and is arranged in the groove; the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part is disposed inside the arc-roof rainproof housing; wherein, the electrically conducting binding post impenetrates the top part of the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part and is electrically isolated from the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part; a fixing-supporting chamber body lower part closing a bottom opening of the fixing-supporting chamber body upper part to form the fixing-supporting chamber body; and wherein a chamber body structure is disposed below the arc-roof detection structure and includes a main housing, which is a cylinder body with a closed top part and an open bottom part, the top part of the main housing is provided with a first hole and a back cover closing a bottom opening of the main housing, wherein at least one MEMS electric field measuring module 3 is mounted inside the fixing-supporting chamber body or the chamber body structure for detecting an external electric field through the electrically conducting binding post and the electrically conducting arc-roof rainproof housing.