A pixel comprising: • a transparent electrical insulator being either a substrate or air; • a first electrical conductor disposed on the transparent electrical insulator, the first electrical conductor comprising an antenna component and connector components, ∘ wherein the antenna component comprises two lines separated by a gap and in total shorter than the length of the pixel, and short enough not to overlap any part of the neighbouring intersection, wherein each of the two lines is intersected by a corresponding connector component that extends to the edge of the pixel to allow connections external to the pixel, ∘ wherein the pixel has a first resonance induced by an electrical-optical interaction in the gap between the two lines of the antenna component, and has a second resonance induced by an electrical-optical interaction between the connector components, ∘ wherein the first and second resonances are at different wavelengths, and the magnitude of reflectance or transmittance of a beam of optical radiation having a wavelength between the first and second resonances is not affected by an electrical potential applied between the antenna component and a second electric conductor; • an electrical insulator disposed on the first electrical conductor; • a transparent semiconductor disposed on the electrical insulator; and • the second electrical conductor disposed on the transparent semiconductor, wherein the transparent semiconductor has a thickness thatenables the prevention of plasmonic resonances from occurring at an interface between the transparent semiconductor and the second electrical conductor. • a transparent electrical insulator being either a substrate or air; • a first electrical conductor disposed on the transparent electrical insulator, the first electrical conductor comprising an antenna component and connector components, ∘ wherein the antenna component comprises two lines separated by a gap and in total shorter than the length of the pixel, and short enough not to overlap any part of the neighbouring intersection, wherein each of the two lines is intersected by a corresponding connector component that extends to the edge of the pixel to allow connections external to the pixel, ∘ wherein the pixel has a first resonance induced by an electrical-optical interaction in the gap between the two lines of the antenna component, and has a second resonance induced by an electrical-optical interaction between the connector components, ∘ wherein the first and second resonances are at different wavelengths, and the magnitude of reflectance or transmittance of a beam of optical radiation having a wavelength between the first and second resonances is not affected by an electrical potential applied between the antenna component and a second electric conductor; ∘ wherein the antenna component comprises two lines separated by a gap and in total shorter than the length of the pixel, and short enough not to overlap any part of the neighbouring intersection, wherein each of the two lines is intersected by a corresponding connector component that extends to the edge of the pixel to allow connections external to the pixel, ∘ wherein the pixel has a first resonance induced by an electrical-optical interaction in the gap between the two lines of the antenna component, and has a second resonance induced by an electrical-optical interaction between the connector components, ∘ wherein the first and second resonances are at different wavelengths, and the magnitude of reflectance or transmittance of a beam of optical radiation having a wavelength between the first and second resonances is not affected by an electrical potential applied between the antenna component and a second electric conductor; • an electrical insulator disposed on the first electrical conductor; • a transparent semiconductor disposed on the electrical insulator; and • the second electrical conductor disposed on the transparent semiconductor, wherein the transparent semiconductor has a thickness thatenables the prevention of plasmonic resonances from occurring at an interface between the transparent semiconductor and the second electrical conductor.