A road-rail dual-purpose vehicle, comprising a vehicle frame, a suspension and a single-axle bogie, wherein the vehicle frame comprises two longitudinal beams arranged in parallel; the two longitudinal beams are connected by a longitudinal beam connection plate, and a lifting airbag mounting seat is provided between the two longitudinal beams; a load-bearing airbag insertion hole is formed on a lower cover plate (1a1) of the longitudinal beam at a position corresponding to the lifting airbag mounting seat; a load-bearing airbag mounting seat is installed in the load-bearing airbag insertion hole, and a bearing bolster is installed on an outer side of the longitudinal beam; the suspension comprises an axle assembly; a lifting airbag is installed in the middle portion of the axle assembly at a front end thereof, and a primary load-bearing airbag is installed on either side of the axle assembly at a rear end thereof; a secondary load-bearing airbag is installed on a top surface of each of two primary load-bearing airbags through a supporting seat; a top surface of the lifting airbag is installed on the lifting airbag mounting seat, and a top surface of the secondary load-bearing airbag is installed in the load-bearing airbag mounting seat; the single-axle bogie comprises a framework, and an axle box is installed on a bottom surface of the framework at each end thereof; a wheel-axle assembly is installed between the two axle boxes, and a primary damping spring assembly is provided between the axle box and the framework; a brake assembly is installed at each of two ends of the bottom surface of the framework at a position corresponding to a wheel of the wheel-axle assembly; and a vehicle frame connection assembly is provided at each of two ends of a top surface of the framework, and the framework is installed on a bottom surface of the bearing bolster through the vehicle frame connection assembly. the vehicle frame comprises two longitudinal beams arranged in parallel; the two longitudinal beams are connected by a longitudinal beam connection plate, and a lifting airbag mounting seat is provided between the two longitudinal beams; a load-bearing airbag insertion hole is formed on a lower cover plate (1a1) of the longitudinal beam at a position corresponding to the lifting airbag mounting seat; a load-bearing airbag mounting seat is installed in the load-bearing airbag insertion hole, and a bearing bolster is installed on an outer side of the longitudinal beam; the suspension comprises an axle assembly; a lifting airbag is installed in the middle portion of the axle assembly at a front end thereof, and a primary load-bearing airbag is installed on either side of the axle assembly at a rear end thereof; a secondary load-bearing airbag is installed on a top surface of each of two primary load-bearing airbags through a supporting seat; a top surface of the lifting airbag is installed on the lifting airbag mounting seat, and a top surface of the secondary load-bearing airbag is installed in the load-bearing airbag mounting seat; the single-axle bogie comprises a framework, and an axle box is installed on a bottom surface of the framework at each end thereof; a wheel-axle assembly is installed between the two axle boxes, and a primary damping spring assembly is provided between the axle box and the framework; a brake assembly is installed at each of two ends of the bottom surface of the framework at a position corresponding to a wheel of the wheel-axle assembly; and a vehicle frame connection assembly is provided at each of two ends of a top surface of the framework, and the framework is installed on a bottom surface of the bearing bolster through the vehicle frame connection assembly.