An ophthalmic surgical laser system, comprising: a laser device configured to generate a treatment laser beam; an optical coherence tomography device configured to generate an OCT light beam, and to detect a returned OCT light from a sample while the focus of the OCT light is being scanned in the sample during a data acquisition period to generate an OCT A-scan based on the detected OCT light, the A-scan being a one-dimensional array of intensity values in a depth direction representing structural properties of the sample; an optical delivery system configured to deliver a focus of the treatment laser beam and a focus of the OCT light beam to the sample, the sample including a patient's eye wherein the optical delivery system includes an X-Y scanner; and a controller coupled to the laser device, the OCT device and the optical delivery system, configured to: control the laser device and the OCT device to simultaneously generate the treatment laser beam and the OCT light beam, respectively; control the optical delivery system to simultaneously deliver the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam to the sample, wherein the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam coincide with each other in space; control the X-Y scanner to simultaneously scan the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light in a horizontal direction which is perpendicular to the depth direction; receive the A-scan generated by the OCT device during the data acquisition period while the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam are simultaneously delivered to the sample, and analyze the A-scan to determine a structure of the sample in a depth direction relative to the focus of the OCT light beam; and based on the determination, control operations of the laser source, the OCT device and the optical delivery system. a laser device configured to generate a treatment laser beam; an optical coherence tomography device configured to generate an OCT light beam, and to detect a returned OCT light from a sample while the focus of the OCT light is being scanned in the sample during a data acquisition period to generate an OCT A-scan based on the detected OCT light, the A-scan being a one-dimensional array of intensity values in a depth direction representing structural properties of the sample; an optical delivery system configured to deliver a focus of the treatment laser beam and a focus of the OCT light beam to the sample, the sample including a patient's eye wherein the optical delivery system includes an X-Y scanner; and a controller coupled to the laser device, the OCT device and the optical delivery system, configured to: control the laser device and the OCT device to simultaneously generate the treatment laser beam and the OCT light beam, respectively; control the optical delivery system to simultaneously deliver the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam to the sample, wherein the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam coincide with each other in space; control the X-Y scanner to simultaneously scan the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light in a horizontal direction which is perpendicular to the depth direction; receive the A-scan generated by the OCT device during the data acquisition period while the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam are simultaneously delivered to the sample, and analyze the A-scan to determine a structure of the sample in a depth direction relative to the focus of the OCT light beam; and based on the determination, control operations of the laser source, the OCT device and the optical delivery system. control the laser device and the OCT device to simultaneously generate the treatment laser beam and the OCT light beam, respectively; control the optical delivery system to simultaneously deliver the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam to the sample, wherein the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam coincide with each other in space; control the X-Y scanner to simultaneously scan the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light in a horizontal direction which is perpendicular to the depth direction; receive the A-scan generated by the OCT device during the data acquisition period while the focus of the treatment laser beam and the focus of the OCT light beam are simultaneously delivered to the sample, and analyze the A-scan to determine a structure of the sample in a depth direction relative to the focus of the OCT light beam; and based on the determination, control operations of the laser source, the OCT device and the optical delivery system.