A lithographic printing plate precursor comprising: an image-recording layer, and a protective layer comprising a stratiform compound, wherein at least one of the image-recording layer and the protective layer comprises a polymer containing as a repeating unit a structural unit having an ammonium structure represented by the following formula: wherein R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, L 1 represents a divalent connecting group that is selected from the groups shown below and groups comprising a combination of these groups: R 12, R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an alkylidene group, or at least two of R 12, R 13 and R 14 may be combined with each other to form a ring, and X - represents a counter ion necessary for neutralizing a charge, wherein L 1 contains at least one group selected from a phenylene group, a carbonyloxy group and a carbonylimino group, the counter ion represented by X - is at least one anion selected from a halide ion, a carboxylate ion, an alkylsulfonate ion, an arylsulfonate ion, an alkylsulfate ion, a sulfate ion, a phosphate ion, an alkylphosphate ion, a phosphonate ion, PF 6 - and BF 4 -, and wherein the polymer containing as a repeating unit a structural unit having an ammonium structure further contains a structural unit represented by the following formula: wherein R 21 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, and R 22 represents an ester group, an amido group or a phenyl group which may have a substituent, wherein the image-recording layer comprises a sensitizing dye, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable monomer and further comprises a binder polymer and wherein the image-recording layer is capable of being removed with at least one of printing ink and dampening water. an image-recording layer, and a protective layer comprising a stratiform compound, wherein at least one of the image-recording layer and the protective layer comprises a polymer containing as a repeating unit a structural unit having an ammonium structure represented by the following formula: wherein R 11 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, L 1 represents a divalent connecting group that is selected from the groups shown below and groups comprising a combination of these groups: R 12, R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an alkylidene group, or at least two of R 12, R 13 and R 14 may be combined with each other to form a ring, and X - represents a counter ion necessary for neutralizing a charge, wherein L 1 contains at least one group selected from a phenylene group, a carbonyloxy group and a carbonylimino group, the counter ion represented by X - is at least one anion selected from a halide ion, a carboxylate ion, an alkylsulfonate ion, an arylsulfonate ion, an alkylsulfate ion, a sulfate ion, a phosphate ion, an alkylphosphate ion, a phosphonate ion, PF 6 - and BF 4 -, and wherein the polymer containing as a repeating unit a structural unit having an ammonium structure further contains a structural unit represented by the following formula: wherein R 21 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, and R 22 represents an ester group, an amido group or a phenyl group which may have a substituent, wherein the image-recording layer comprises a sensitizing dye, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable monomer and further comprises a binder polymer and wherein the image-recording layer is capable of being removed with at least one of printing ink and dampening water. L 1 represents a divalent connecting group that is selected from the groups shown below and groups comprising a combination of these groups: R 12, R 13 and R 14 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group or an alkylidene group, or at least two of R 12, R 13 and R 14 may be combined with each other to form a ring, and X - represents a counter ion necessary for neutralizing a charge, wherein L 1 contains at least one group selected from a phenylene group, a carbonyloxy group and a carbonylimino group, the counter ion represented by X - is at least one anion selected from a halide ion, a carboxylate ion, an alkylsulfonate ion, an arylsulfonate ion, an alkylsulfate ion, a sulfate ion, a phosphate ion, an alkylphosphate ion, a phosphonate ion, PF 6 - and BF 4 -, and wherein the polymer containing as a repeating unit a structural unit having an ammonium structure further contains a structural unit represented by the following formula: wherein R 21 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group or a halogen atom, and R 22 represents an ester group, an amido group or a phenyl group which may have a substituent, wherein the image-recording layer comprises a sensitizing dye, a polymerization initiator, a polymerizable monomer and further comprises a binder polymer and wherein the image-recording layer is capable of being removed with at least one of printing ink and dampening water.