Cosmetic composition comprising ∘ one or more cationic surfactants chosen from cetyltrimethylammonium, behenyltrimethylammonium, dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium and distearoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium salts, and mixtures thereof, ∘ one or more antidandruff agents, ∘ one or more liquid non-siliceous fatty substances, ∘ one or more non-polymeric thickening agents, and ∘ one or more aminosilicones, wherein: the one or more antidandruff agents are chosen from 1-hydroxy-2-pyridone derivatives represented especially by formula: in which: R 9 represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing from 2 to 17 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a bicycloalkyl group containing from 7 to 9 carbon atoms; a cycloalkylalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group with an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an arylalkenyl group with an alkenyl containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, aryloxyalkyl or arylmercaptoalkyl with an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a furylalkenyl group with an alkenyl or a furyl containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group or a halogen atom, R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 4 alkenyl group, a halogen atom, a phenyl group or a benzyl group, and X represents an organic base, an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal ion or an ammonium ion; and the one or more liquid non-siliceous fatty substances comprise isopropyl myristate. ∘ one or more cationic surfactants chosen from cetyltrimethylammonium, behenyltrimethylammonium, dipalmitoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium and distearoylethylhydroxyethylmethylammonium salts, and mixtures thereof, ∘ one or more antidandruff agents, ∘ one or more liquid non-siliceous fatty substances, ∘ one or more non-polymeric thickening agents, and ∘ one or more aminosilicones, the one or more antidandruff agents are chosen from 1-hydroxy-2-pyridone derivatives represented especially by formula: in which: R 9 represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing from 2 to 17 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a bicycloalkyl group containing from 7 to 9 carbon atoms; a cycloalkylalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group with an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an arylalkenyl group with an alkenyl containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, aryloxyalkyl or arylmercaptoalkyl with an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a furylalkenyl group with an alkenyl or a furyl containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group or a halogen atom, R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 4 alkenyl group, a halogen atom, a phenyl group or a benzyl group, and X represents an organic base, an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal ion or an ammonium ion; R 9 represents an alkyl group containing from 1 to 17 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group containing from 2 to 17 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group containing from 5 to 8 carbon atoms, a bicycloalkyl group containing from 7 to 9 carbon atoms; a cycloalkylalkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group with an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an arylalkenyl group with an alkenyl containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, aryloxyalkyl or arylmercaptoalkyl with an alkyl containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a furylalkenyl group with an alkenyl or a furyl containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano group or a halogen atom, R 10 represents a hydrogen atom, a C 1 -C 4 alkyl group, a C 2 -C 4 alkenyl group, a halogen atom, a phenyl group or a benzyl group, and X represents an organic base, an alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal ion or an ammonium ion; and the one or more liquid non-siliceous fatty substances comprise isopropyl myristate.