A Method for Raman spectroscopy with at least one Raman excitation light source or one Raman excitation light source system, with at least one focusing optics (8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4) and with one spectrometer, wherein the focusing optics (8, 8.1, 8.2, 8.3, 8.4) is formed both for generating focused Raman excitation radiation for the purpose of illuminating an object space and for recording of the inelastically scattered Raman radiation from the object space, wherein the method comprises the following steps: - providing monochromatic or at least quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic radiation by means of the Raman excitation light source or the Raman excitation light source system for Raman excitation for irradiating - either with at least two unchangeable discrete centroid wavelengths simultaneously; - or with at least two unchangeable discrete centroid wavelengths successively; - or with wavelength sweeping; - spreading the Raman excitation radiation in optical contact with a first device (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) for chromatic splitting in depth of foci or focused areas, - forming, either simultaneously or successively, at least two spatially distributed foci (F1, F2, F3) or focused areas by means of spectral parsing with chromatic splitting in depth in the object space with the first device for chromatic splitting in depth (10, 54, 57, 60, 61), wherein the depth-split foci (F1, F2, F3) or the depth-split focused areas of the Raman excitation radiation are also separated with a lateral component to the radiation propagation direction in the object space; - recording the inelastically scattered Raman radiation, - directing the inelastically scattered Raman radiation to the spectrometer, - detecting the inelastically scattered Raman radiation by means of the spectrometer - and determining and evaluating the signals, wherein the forming of at least two spatially distributed foci (F1, F2, F3) or focused areas with chromatic splitting in depth in the object space, which are separated with a lateral component to the radiation propagation direction in the object space, takes place by means of: (i) at least one diffractive-optical element (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) in the first device (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) for chromatic splitting in depth, wherein the diffractive-optical element (54, 57, 60, 61) is formed as a Fresnel lens decentered in relation to the aperture expansion and the decentration is at least 10 % of the maximum expansion of the aperture surface in the plane in which the decentration exists; or (ii) a hyperchromatic refractive component with transverse offset in the first device (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) for chromatic splitting in depth of foci or focused areas; or (iii) a double-clad fiber for illumination with Raman excitation radiation, wherein the core of the double-clad fiber is formed as a single-mode waveguide area and the inner cladding of the double-clad fiber is formed as multi-mode waveguide area, and wherein the single-mode fiber core of the double-clad fiber is arranged within the double-clad fiber, eccentrically offset at least by the radius of the single-mode fiber core. - providing monochromatic or at least quasi-monochromatic electromagnetic radiation by means of the Raman excitation light source or the Raman excitation light source system for Raman excitation for irradiating - either with at least two unchangeable discrete centroid wavelengths simultaneously; - or with at least two unchangeable discrete centroid wavelengths successively; - or with wavelength sweeping; - either with at least two unchangeable discrete centroid wavelengths simultaneously; - or with at least two unchangeable discrete centroid wavelengths successively; - or with wavelength sweeping; - spreading the Raman excitation radiation in optical contact with a first device (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) for chromatic splitting in depth of foci or focused areas, - forming, either simultaneously or successively, at least two spatially distributed foci (F1, F2, F3) or focused areas by means of spectral parsing with chromatic splitting in depth in the object space with the first device for chromatic splitting in depth (10, 54, 57, 60, 61), wherein the depth-split foci (F1, F2, F3) or the depth-split focused areas of the Raman excitation radiation are also separated with a lateral component to the radiation propagation direction in the object space; - recording the inelastically scattered Raman radiation, - directing the inelastically scattered Raman radiation to the spectrometer, - detecting the inelastically scattered Raman radiation by means of the spectrometer - and determining and evaluating the signals, (i) at least one diffractive-optical element (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) in the first device (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) for chromatic splitting in depth, wherein the diffractive-optical element (54, 57, 60, 61) is formed as a Fresnel lens decentered in relation to the aperture expansion and the decentration is at least 10 % of the maximum expansion of the aperture surface in the plane in which the decentration exists; or (ii) a hyperchromatic refractive component with transverse offset in the first device (10, 54, 57, 60, 61) for chromatic splitting in depth of foci or focused areas; or (iii) a double-clad fiber for illumination with Raman excitation radiation, wherein the core of the double-clad fiber is formed as a single-mode waveguide area and the inner cladding of the double-clad fiber is formed as multi-mode waveguide area, and wherein the single-mode fiber core of the double-clad fiber is arranged within the double-clad fiber, eccentrically offset at least by the radius of the single-mode fiber core.