A multilayer diffractive optical element, comprising: a first substrate; a second substrate; a first resin layer having a first diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first resin layer is formed of a first curable resin composite; and a second resin layer having a second diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first resin layer includes a first region, the first region satisfying 1 ≤ h/hd, wherein h represents a thickness of the first resin layer in a direction normal to a surface of the first substrate, and hd represents an average value of grating heights of the first diffraction grating pattern, characterized in that the first resin layer includes, in a radial direction parallel to a surface of the first substrate, in this order from a center of the optical element to a periphery thereof, the first diffraction grating pattern, the first region at a peripheral portion adjacent to a portion of the first diffraction grating pattern, and a second region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to the first region, the second region satisfying h/h1 ≤ 0.34, wherein h1 represents an average thickness of the first resin layer in the first region, and wherein Expression below is satisfied, 50 ≤ w 1 / hd and 0.5 ≤ w 2 / w 1 wherein w1 represents a width of the first region in the radial direction, and w2 represents a width of the second region in the radial direction; and the second resin layer is formed by providing a second curable resin composite between the second substrate and the first diffraction grating pattern, the first region and the second region of the first resin layer, and by curing the second curable resin composite thus provided. a first substrate; a second substrate; a first resin layer having a first diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first resin layer is formed of a first curable resin composite; and a second resin layer having a second diffraction grating pattern and interposed between the first substrate and the second substrate, wherein the first resin layer includes a first region, the first region satisfying 1 ≤ h/hd, wherein h represents a thickness of the first resin layer in a direction normal to a surface of the first substrate, and hd represents an average value of grating heights of the first diffraction grating pattern, characterized in that the first resin layer includes, in a radial direction parallel to a surface of the first substrate, in this order from a center of the optical element to a periphery thereof, the first diffraction grating pattern, the first region at a peripheral portion adjacent to a portion of the first diffraction grating pattern, and a second region provided at a peripheral portion adjacent to the first region, the second region satisfying h/h1 ≤ 0.34, wherein h1 represents an average thickness of the first resin layer in the first region, and wherein Expression below is satisfied, 50 ≤ w 1 / hd and 0.5 ≤ w 2 / w 1 wherein w1 represents a width of the first region in the radial direction, and w2 represents a width of the second region in the radial direction; and the second resin layer is formed by providing a second curable resin composite between the second substrate and the first diffraction grating pattern, the first region and the second region of the first resin layer, and by curing the second curable resin composite thus provided.