A checking system of a system start-up file, comprising a processor, and a storage coupled to the processor; wherein: the storage is configured to store a system firmware file, a mapping table, and an instruction executed by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to: acquire the system start-up file and the mapping table from a system firmware partition; read first check data and addressing data associated with the first check data from the mapping table; read segmentation data corresponding to the first check data from the system start-up file according to the addressing data; determine whether the first check data is a first type or a second type; determine whether the segmentation data is a repeated permutation of the first check data when the first check data is the first type, and when the segmentation data is not the repeated permutation of the first check data a security error exists in the system start-up file; and determine whether second check data, acquired through calculating the segmentation data according to a check algorithm, is consistent with the first check data when the first check data is the second type, and when the second check data is inconsistent with the first check data a security error exists in the system start-up file; wherein, different types of segmentation data are checked according to different methods; and the first check data of the first type is set to get read prior to the first check data of the second type. the storage is configured to store a system firmware file, a mapping table, and an instruction executed by the processor; wherein the processor is configured to: acquire the system start-up file and the mapping table from a system firmware partition; read first check data and addressing data associated with the first check data from the mapping table; read segmentation data corresponding to the first check data from the system start-up file according to the addressing data; determine whether the first check data is a first type or a second type; determine whether the segmentation data is a repeated permutation of the first check data when the first check data is the first type, and when the segmentation data is not the repeated permutation of the first check data a security error exists in the system start-up file; and determine whether second check data, acquired through calculating the segmentation data according to a check algorithm, is consistent with the first check data when the first check data is the second type, and when the second check data is inconsistent with the first check data a security error exists in the system start-up file; acquire the system start-up file and the mapping table from a system firmware partition; read first check data and addressing data associated with the first check data from the mapping table; read segmentation data corresponding to the first check data from the system start-up file according to the addressing data; determine whether the first check data is a first type or a second type; determine whether the segmentation data is a repeated permutation of the first check data when the first check data is the first type, and when the segmentation data is not the repeated permutation of the first check data a security error exists in the system start-up file; and determine whether second check data, acquired through calculating the segmentation data according to a check algorithm, is consistent with the first check data when the first check data is the second type, and when the second check data is inconsistent with the first check data a security error exists in the system start-up file; wherein, different types of segmentation data are checked according to different methods; and the first check data of the first type is set to get read prior to the first check data of the second type.