A device for analyzing a material having - an excitation transmission device for generating at least one electromagnetic excitation beam with at least one excitation wavelength, wherein said excitation transmission device is a laser light source, - a detection device (106, 139) for detecting a response signal, and - a device (107, 147) for analyzing the material on the basis of the detected response signal, - wherein, the device comprises an optical medium, which is in direct contact with the material in a first region of the surface of the material, - the excitation transmission device emits the at least one electromagnetic excitation beam into a material volume, which is beneath the first region of the surface of the material, - wherein the device comprises a system for emitting a measurement beam which is arranged so that the emitted measurement beam penetrates the optical medium, which is made of a material that is transparent for the measurement beam, in particular glass, crystal or a transparent plastic, - wherein the measurement light beam and the excitation beam overlap on the interface of the optical medium and the material surface, at which the measurement light beam is reflected, or are directly adjacent, wherein the detection device comprises a device for receiving the measurement signal forming the response signal and/or for directly or indirectly detecting a deflection of the reflected measurement beam, and the system for emitting a measurement beam and the detection device are arranged with respect to each other such that the detection device detects said measurement beam as said time dependent response signal, after the measurement beam has been reflected at least once at the interface of the optical medium, which is in contact with the material in the first region of the surface of the material, and wherein - the device comprises a device for the intensity modulation of the excitation beam at one or more frequencies, - the detection device is configured for detecting a time dependent response signal as a function of the wavelength of the excitation light and the intensity modulation of the excitation light, and - with a processing unit, which is configured for determining response signals as a function of the phase position of the corresponding response signal relative to the phase of the modulation of the excitation beam and for determining an intensity distribution of the response signals as a function of the depth beneath the surface, in which the response signals are generated, from the phase position of the response signals in relation to the modulated excitation beam at one or more modulation frequencies of the excitation beam. - an excitation transmission device for generating at least one electromagnetic excitation beam with at least one excitation wavelength, wherein said excitation transmission device is a laser light source, - a detection device (106, 139) for detecting a response signal, and - a device (107, 147) for analyzing the material on the basis of the detected response signal, - wherein, the device comprises an optical medium, which is in direct contact with the material in a first region of the surface of the material, - the excitation transmission device emits the at least one electromagnetic excitation beam into a material volume, which is beneath the first region of the surface of the material, - wherein the device comprises a system for emitting a measurement beam which is arranged so that the emitted measurement beam penetrates the optical medium, which is made of a material that is transparent for the measurement beam, in particular glass, crystal or a transparent plastic, - wherein the measurement light beam and the excitation beam overlap on the interface of the optical medium and the material surface, at which the measurement light beam is reflected, or are directly adjacent, - the device comprises a device for the intensity modulation of the excitation beam at one or more frequencies, - the detection device is configured for detecting a time dependent response signal as a function of the wavelength of the excitation light and the intensity modulation of the excitation light, and - with a processing unit, which is configured for determining response signals as a function of the phase position of the corresponding response signal relative to the phase of the modulation of the excitation beam and for determining an intensity distribution of the response signals as a function of the depth beneath the surface, in which the response signals are generated, from the phase position of the response signals in relation to the modulated excitation beam at one or more modulation frequencies of the excitation beam.