An overlapped multiplexing-based decoding method performed by a receiver, comprising: step 1 (1.1): setting a group sequence length based on a length of a multiplexing waveform in a received signal, and dividing a receive sequence in the received signal into groups, wherein the length of the multiplexing waveform refers to the length of a truncation interval of the multiplexing waveform in the received signal and is equal to L, the group sequence length M satisfies 1 ≤ M ≤ L, and dividing the receive sequence in the received signal into groups comprises: dividing the receive sequence which has a length of N into ┌ N / M ┐ groups, where ┌●┐ indicates rounding up; step 2 (1.2): converting a multiplexing waveform coefficient into a matrix form of h 0 0 0 0 0 h 1 h 0 0 0 0 h 2 h 1 h 0 0 0 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 0 0 h K − 1 h K − 2 ⋯ h 0 0 0 h K − 1 h K − 2 ⋯ h 0 M × M based on the group sequence length, wherein the multiplexing waveform coefficient is H =[ h 0, h 1,... h K -1], and K is a quantity of times of overlapping; step 3 (1.3): decoding a receive sequence of a current group by using a preset algorithm, to obtain a transmit sequence of the current group in an original signal, wherein the preset algorithm is a gradient algorithm, a least squares algorithm, a steepest descent algorithm, a conjugate gradient algorithm, an accelerated conjugate gradient algorithm, or an accelerated Chebyshev algorithm, if the current group is not the first group, decoding the receive sequence of the current group by using the preset algorithm comprises: removing (1.4) known information in the receive sequence of the current group based on a current formula: y i ' = y i -( x i - K +1 × h K -1 + x i - K +2 × h K -2 +...+ x i -1 × h 1) = x i × h 0, and then decoding, by using the preset algorithm, the receive sequence from which the known information is removed, where y ¡ ' is a result of removing the known information from the receive sequence y ¡, and x i is the transmit sequence of the current group in an original signal; step 4 (1.5): repeating step 3 for a receive sequence of a subsequent group, until all groups are decoded; and step 5 (1.6): outputting a decoding result after all the groups are decoded. step 1 (1.1): setting a group sequence length based on a length of a multiplexing waveform in a received signal, and dividing a receive sequence in the received signal into groups, wherein the length of the multiplexing waveform refers to the length of a truncation interval of the multiplexing waveform in the received signal and is equal to L, the group sequence length M satisfies 1 ≤ M ≤ L, and dividing the receive sequence in the received signal into groups comprises: dividing the receive sequence which has a length of N into ┌ N / M ┐ groups, where ┌●┐ indicates rounding up; step 2 (1.2): converting a multiplexing waveform coefficient into a matrix form of h 0 0 0 0 0 h 1 h 0 0 0 0 h 2 h 1 h 0 0 0 ⋮ ⋮ ⋮ 0 0 h K − 1 h K − 2 ⋯ h 0 0 0 h K − 1 h K − 2 ⋯ h 0 M × M based on the group sequence length, wherein the multiplexing waveform coefficient is H =[ h 0, h 1,... h K -1], and K is a quantity of times of overlapping; step 3 (1.3): decoding a receive sequence of a current group by using a preset algorithm, to obtain a transmit sequence of the current group in an original signal, wherein the preset algorithm is a gradient algorithm, a least squares algorithm, a steepest descent algorithm, a conjugate gradient algorithm, an accelerated conjugate gradient algorithm, or an accelerated Chebyshev algorithm, if the current group is not the first group, decoding the receive sequence of the current group by using the preset algorithm comprises: removing (1.4) known information in the receive sequence of the current group based on a current formula: y i ' = y i -( x i - K +1 × h K -1 + x i - K +2 × h K -2 +...+ x i -1 × h 1) = x i × h 0, and then decoding, by using the preset algorithm, the receive sequence from which the known information is removed, where y ¡ ' is a result of removing the known information from the receive sequence y ¡, and x i is the transmit sequence of the current group in an original signal; step 4 (1.5): repeating step 3 for a receive sequence of a subsequent group, until all groups are decoded; and step 5 (1.6): outputting a decoding result after all the groups are decoded.