A pressure and circulation culture apparatus comprising: a holder that reserves culture solution and that holds a cultured object; a pressure transmission part that communicates with the holder and transmits an external pressure to the culture solution; a culture solution circulation line that is connected to the holder via the pressure transmission part, and circulates the culture solution through the holder via the pressure transmission part; a first check valve that is disposed in the culture solution circulation line, and checks a back flow of the culture solution at an upstream side of the pressure transmission part; a shut-off valve part that is disposed in the culture solution circulation line, and shuts off a circulation of the culture solution at a downstream side of the holder; a pressure device that is connected to the pressure transmission part via a pressure circuit, the pressure device generating the external pressure that is supplied to the pressure transmission part via the pressure circuit; a control unit that controls opening and closing of the shut-off valve part and generates a control output for the pressure device; and a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the culture solution in the holder, wherein in applying the external pressure to the cultured object, the control unit closes the shut-off valve part, generates the control output for the pressure device based on monitoring of the pressure sensed by the pressure sensor, makes the external pressure operate on the pressure transmission part such that the culture solution does not circulate from the holder to the culture solution circulation line, makes the culture solution transmit the external pressure to the cultured object, and makes the pressure alternate between a set first target value and a set second target value by applying or reducing the external pressure, and wherein in an outflow step of solution feeding of the culture solution, the control unit opens the shut-off valve part, generates the control output for the pressure device, and makes the culture solution in the holder flow into the culture solution circulation line by applying the external pressure in a closed state of the first check valve, wherein in a drawing step of solution feeding of the culture solution, the control unit closes the shut-off valve part, generates the control output for the pressure device, and makes the culture solution draw into the holder and the pressure transmission part from the culture solution circulation line by reducing the external pressure in an opened state of the first check valve. a holder that reserves culture solution and that holds a cultured object; a pressure transmission part that communicates with the holder and transmits an external pressure to the culture solution; a culture solution circulation line that is connected to the holder via the pressure transmission part, and circulates the culture solution through the holder via the pressure transmission part; a first check valve that is disposed in the culture solution circulation line, and checks a back flow of the culture solution at an upstream side of the pressure transmission part; a shut-off valve part that is disposed in the culture solution circulation line, and shuts off a circulation of the culture solution at a downstream side of the holder; a pressure device that is connected to the pressure transmission part via a pressure circuit, the pressure device generating the external pressure that is supplied to the pressure transmission part via the pressure circuit; a control unit that controls opening and closing of the shut-off valve part and generates a control output for the pressure device; and a pressure sensor that senses a pressure of the culture solution in the holder, wherein in applying the external pressure to the cultured object, the control unit closes the shut-off valve part, generates the control output for the pressure device based on monitoring of the pressure sensed by the pressure sensor, makes the external pressure operate on the pressure transmission part such that the culture solution does not circulate from the holder to the culture solution circulation line, makes the culture solution transmit the external pressure to the cultured object, and makes the pressure alternate between a set first target value and a set second target value by applying or reducing the external pressure, and wherein in an outflow step of solution feeding of the culture solution, the control unit opens the shut-off valve part, generates the control output for the pressure device, and makes the culture solution in the holder flow into the culture solution circulation line by applying the external pressure in a closed state of the first check valve, wherein in a drawing step of solution feeding of the culture solution, the control unit closes the shut-off valve part, generates the control output for the pressure device, and makes the culture solution draw into the holder and the pressure transmission part from the culture solution circulation line by reducing the external pressure in an opened state of the first check valve.