An insole for alleviating arthritis pain of at least one of a foot, knee, and hip, comprising: a heel portion, an arch portion, and a forefoot portion; the heel portion comprising an interior heel portion and a perimeter heel portion; the arch portion comprising an interior arch portion and a perimeter arch portion; characterised in that the insole comprises an upper cushioning layer, a lower cushioning layer, and a rigid shell layer therebetween, the rigid shell layer spanning the heel region and arch region, wherein: the rigid shell layer includes an upper surface of the rigid shell layer, a lower surface of the rigid shell layer, and a shell aperture, wherein the shell aperture extends forward from a calcaneus to metatarsals in a medial arch region such that the shell layer provides support along the perimeter heel region and perimeter arch region and the aperture allows for cushioning of the interior heel region and interior arch region; the upper cushioning layer is adhered in part to the upper surface of the rigid shell layer the lower cushioning layer is adhered in part to the lower surface of the rigid shell layer; the lower cushioning layer includes an arch support region, a heel support region, a forefoot support region, and a lower layer aperture under the calcaneus of the foot; and a portion of the upper cushioning layer extends through a portion of the shell aperture and extends through a portion of the lower layer aperture. a heel portion, an arch portion, and a forefoot portion; the heel portion comprising an interior heel portion and a perimeter heel portion; the arch portion comprising an interior arch portion and a perimeter arch portion; characterised in that the insole comprises an upper cushioning layer, a lower cushioning layer, and a rigid shell layer therebetween, the rigid shell layer spanning the heel region and arch region, wherein: the rigid shell layer includes an upper surface of the rigid shell layer, a lower surface of the rigid shell layer, and a shell aperture, wherein the shell aperture extends forward from a calcaneus to metatarsals in a medial arch region such that the shell layer provides support along the perimeter heel region and perimeter arch region and the aperture allows for cushioning of the interior heel region and interior arch region; the upper cushioning layer is adhered in part to the upper surface of the rigid shell layer the lower cushioning layer is adhered in part to the lower surface of the rigid shell layer; the lower cushioning layer includes an arch support region, a heel support region, a forefoot support region, and a lower layer aperture under the calcaneus of the foot; and a portion of the upper cushioning layer extends through a portion of the shell aperture and extends through a portion of the lower layer aperture. the rigid shell layer includes an upper surface of the rigid shell layer, a lower surface of the rigid shell layer, and a shell aperture, wherein the shell aperture extends forward from a calcaneus to metatarsals in a medial arch region such that the shell layer provides support along the perimeter heel region and perimeter arch region and the aperture allows for cushioning of the interior heel region and interior arch region; the upper cushioning layer is adhered in part to the upper surface of the rigid shell layer the lower cushioning layer is adhered in part to the lower surface of the rigid shell layer; the lower cushioning layer includes an arch support region, a heel support region, a forefoot support region, and a lower layer aperture under the calcaneus of the foot; and a portion of the upper cushioning layer extends through a portion of the shell aperture and extends through a portion of the lower layer aperture.