A method for evaluating the effectiveness of an auditory prosthesis consisting in: - transmitting a stimulus via an auditory prosthesis, thereby delivering an auditory stimulus to the auditory nervous system of a person fitted with said auditory prosthesis; - picking up, as electrophysiological signals, the neurophysiological signals transmitted by said auditory nervous system in response to the auditory stimulus, by means of an electro- or magnetoencephalography system, and - processing the received electrophysiological signals; the method consisting in: - transmitting a stimulus made up of at least one pair of linguistic units selected from a phonetic confusion matrix; - picking up separately the electrophysiological signals in response to each linguistic unit administered via the auditory prosthesis, and - processing the signals by: • comparing the electrophysiological signals corresponding to the different tested linguistic units by performing one or more of the following steps, consisting in: ➢ extracting peak latencies, peak amplitudes, peak-to-peak latency differences, slopes of the curve between two peaks, or areas under a portion of the curve; ➢ searching waveforms and/or time-frequency decompositions for a response specifically expected for one of said linguistic units; ➢ directly comparing the waveforms of each neurophysiological signal picked up in response by subtraction; ➢ comparing time-frequency decompositions and • evaluating the effectiveness of the auditory prosthesis based on the result of this comparison between the electrophysiological signals corresponding to the different linguistic units tested; characterized in that it consists in simultaneously picking as electrophysiological signals, signals of speech auditory brainstem response (speech ABR) and of cortical auditory evoked potentials. - transmitting a stimulus via an auditory prosthesis, thereby delivering an auditory stimulus to the auditory nervous system of a person fitted with said auditory prosthesis; - picking up, as electrophysiological signals, the neurophysiological signals transmitted by said auditory nervous system in response to the auditory stimulus, by means of an electro- or magnetoencephalography system, and - processing the received electrophysiological signals; - transmitting a stimulus made up of at least one pair of linguistic units selected from a phonetic confusion matrix; - picking up separately the electrophysiological signals in response to each linguistic unit administered via the auditory prosthesis, and - processing the signals by: • comparing the electrophysiological signals corresponding to the different tested linguistic units by performing one or more of the following steps, consisting in: ➢ extracting peak latencies, peak amplitudes, peak-to-peak latency differences, slopes of the curve between two peaks, or areas under a portion of the curve; ➢ searching waveforms and/or time-frequency decompositions for a response specifically expected for one of said linguistic units; ➢ directly comparing the waveforms of each neurophysiological signal picked up in response by subtraction; ➢ comparing time-frequency decompositions and • evaluating the effectiveness of the auditory prosthesis based on the result of this comparison between the electrophysiological signals corresponding to the different linguistic units tested; characterized in that it consists in simultaneously picking as electrophysiological signals, signals of speech auditory brainstem response (speech ABR) and of cortical auditory evoked potentials. • comparing the electrophysiological signals corresponding to the different tested linguistic units by performing one or more of the following steps, consisting in: ➢ extracting peak latencies, peak amplitudes, peak-to-peak latency differences, slopes of the curve between two peaks, or areas under a portion of the curve; ➢ searching waveforms and/or time-frequency decompositions for a response specifically expected for one of said linguistic units; ➢ directly comparing the waveforms of each neurophysiological signal picked up in response by subtraction; ➢ comparing time-frequency decompositions and ➢ extracting peak latencies, peak amplitudes, peak-to-peak latency differences, slopes of the curve between two peaks, or areas under a portion of the curve; ➢ searching waveforms and/or time-frequency decompositions for a response specifically expected for one of said linguistic units; ➢ directly comparing the waveforms of each neurophysiological signal picked up in response by subtraction; ➢ comparing time-frequency decompositions and • evaluating the effectiveness of the auditory prosthesis based on the result of this comparison between the electrophysiological signals corresponding to the different linguistic units tested;