A honeycomb structure comprising: a tubular honeycomb structure body having porous partition walls to define and form a plurality of cells which become through channels for a fluid and extend from an inflow end surface which is an end surface on an inflow side of the fluid to an outflow end surface which is an end surface on an outflow side of the fluid, and an outer peripheral wall positioned in the most outer periphery; and a pair of electrodes disposed on a side surface of the honeycomb structure body, wherein an electrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body is from 1 to 200 Ωcm, each of the pair of electrodes is formed into a band-like shape extending in an extending direction of the cells of the honeycomb structure body, and in a cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction, one electrode in the pair of electrodes is disposed on a side opposite to the other electrode in the pair of electrodes via a center of the honeycomb structure body, characterized in that the honeycomb structure body is constituted of an outer peripheral region and a central region, wherein the outer peripheral region includes the side surface and extends fully around the periphery of the honeycomb structure, the central region being a region around the center which excludes the outer peripheral region, wherein a distance from the center to an outer periphery of the central region is from 40 to 90% of a distance from the center to an outer periphery of the outer peripheral region in the cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction, and an electrical resistivity of the central region is lower than an electrical resistivity of the outer peripheral region and an electrical resistivity of a material constituting the central region is lower than an electrical resistivity of a material constituting the outer peripheral region. a tubular honeycomb structure body having porous partition walls to define and form a plurality of cells which become through channels for a fluid and extend from an inflow end surface which is an end surface on an inflow side of the fluid to an outflow end surface which is an end surface on an outflow side of the fluid, and an outer peripheral wall positioned in the most outer periphery; and a pair of electrodes disposed on a side surface of the honeycomb structure body, wherein an electrical resistivity of the honeycomb structure body is from 1 to 200 Ωcm, each of the pair of electrodes is formed into a band-like shape extending in an extending direction of the cells of the honeycomb structure body, and in a cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction, one electrode in the pair of electrodes is disposed on a side opposite to the other electrode in the pair of electrodes via a center of the honeycomb structure body, characterized in that the honeycomb structure body is constituted of an outer peripheral region and a central region, wherein the outer peripheral region includes the side surface and extends fully around the periphery of the honeycomb structure, the central region being a region around the center which excludes the outer peripheral region, wherein a distance from the center to an outer periphery of the central region is from 40 to 90% of a distance from the center to an outer periphery of the outer peripheral region in the cross section perpendicular to the cell extending direction, and an electrical resistivity of the central region is lower than an electrical resistivity of the outer peripheral region and an electrical resistivity of a material constituting the central region is lower than an electrical resistivity of a material constituting the outer peripheral region.