A method for evaluating a transmission line by reflectometry, comprising the following steps of: - acquiring a measurement of the temporal impulse response of a reference signal propagated through the line from an injection point and then back-propagated at a measurement point, with the temporal measurement, called reflectogram, comprising a plurality of amplitude peaks each corresponding to an impedance discontinuity; - searching for a set of local extrema of the reflectogram; - determining a complete reconstruction of the reflectogram as being the sum of pulses each assuming the shape of the reference signal and the position and the amplitude of said local extrema; characterised in that the method further comprises the following steps of: - comparing (822, 832), for each pair of successive local extrema of indices j and j + 1, the complete reconstruction with, respectively, a first partial reconstruction of the reflectogram for the local extrema of indices 0 to j and a second partial reconstruction of the reflectogram for the local extrema of indices j + 1 to N - 1, with N being the number of local extrema, in order to determine (802, 803) whether or not the pulses of indices j and j + 1 of the reflectogram mutually influence one another; - determining, for a group of pulses of the reflectogram mutually influencing one another, an optimised reconstruction of the group of pulses based on a partial reconstruction of the pulses of the group so as to modify the abscissas of the pulses of the partial reconstruction to minimise an error criterion between the optimised partial reconstruction and the measured reflectogram; - comparing the difference between the optimised partial reconstruction and the measured reflectogram with a first error threshold and, if the difference is less than the first error threshold, classifying (309, 306, 310) the impedance discontinuity associated with each pulse of the group of pulses as a function of its position and its amplitude among the following classes: a soft fault, a short circuit, an open circuit, a load matched to the load of the transmission line, an impedance mismatch between the measurement port and the transmission line. - acquiring a measurement of the temporal impulse response of a reference signal propagated through the line from an injection point and then back-propagated at a measurement point, with the temporal measurement, called reflectogram, comprising a plurality of amplitude peaks each corresponding to an impedance discontinuity; - searching for a set of local extrema of the reflectogram; - determining a complete reconstruction of the reflectogram as being the sum of pulses each assuming the shape of the reference signal and the position and the amplitude of said local extrema; - comparing (822, 832), for each pair of successive local extrema of indices j and j + 1, the complete reconstruction with, respectively, a first partial reconstruction of the reflectogram for the local extrema of indices 0 to j and a second partial reconstruction of the reflectogram for the local extrema of indices j + 1 to N - 1, with N being the number of local extrema, in order to determine (802, 803) whether or not the pulses of indices j and j + 1 of the reflectogram mutually influence one another; - determining, for a group of pulses of the reflectogram mutually influencing one another, an optimised reconstruction of the group of pulses based on a partial reconstruction of the pulses of the group so as to modify the abscissas of the pulses of the partial reconstruction to minimise an error criterion between the optimised partial reconstruction and the measured reflectogram; - comparing the difference between the optimised partial reconstruction and the measured reflectogram with a first error threshold and, if the difference is less than the first error threshold, classifying (309, 306, 310) the impedance discontinuity associated with each pulse of the group of pulses as a function of its position and its amplitude among the following classes: a soft fault, a short circuit, an open circuit, a load matched to the load of the transmission line, an impedance mismatch between the measurement port and the transmission line.