A non-invasive skin treatment device for heating an inner region of skin using radio-frequency (r.f.) electrical current, the skin treatment device comprising: - an r.f. treatment electrode, having a skin contact area defining a contact plane, configured and arranged to allow r.f. electrical current to pass through an outer surface of the skin and through the inner region; - a return electrode configured and arranged to allow r.f. electrical current to pass through the inner region and the outer surface of the skin; - an r.f. generator configured and arranged such that, during treatment, an r.f. treatment signal is applied between the r.f. treatment electrode and the return electrode through the inner region for heating the inner region; - an impedance measurement circuit configured and arranged to measure a skin impedance between the r.f. treatment electrode and the return electrode; and - a treatment settings determiner configured and arranged to determine treatment settings associated with the r.f. treatment signal, characterized in that the skin treatment device further comprises a controller programmed such that, during operation, the controller, before activating the r.f. generator to apply the r.f. treatment signal, activates the impedance measurement circuit to measure an initial skin impedance (Z 0) between the r.f. treatment electrode and the return electrode, wherein the treatment settings determiner is programmed such that, during operation, the treatment settings determiner determines the treatment settings depending on the measured initial skin impedance ( Z O) and on a dimension of the r.f. treatment electrode in the contact plane, the treatment settings comprising at least the following: - a treatment duration (T D) associated with a desired treatment result; and - an r.f. electrical parameter associated with the r.f. treatment signal; and wherein the controller is further programmed such that, after activating the impedance measurement circuit to measure the initial skin impedance, the controller consecutively: - activates the treatment settings determiner to determine the treatment settings before activating the r.f. generator to apply the r.f. treatment signal; - configures the r.f. generator to provide the r.f. treatment signal according to the treatment settings; and - activates the r.f. generator to apply the r.f. treatment signal to the inner region for the treatment duration (T D). - an r.f. treatment electrode, having a skin contact area defining a contact plane, configured and arranged to allow r.f. electrical current to pass through an outer surface of the skin and through the inner region; - a return electrode configured and arranged to allow r.f. electrical current to pass through the inner region and the outer surface of the skin; - an r.f. generator configured and arranged such that, during treatment, an r.f. treatment signal is applied between the r.f. treatment electrode and the return electrode through the inner region for heating the inner region; - an impedance measurement circuit configured and arranged to measure a skin impedance between the r.f. treatment electrode and the return electrode; and - a treatment settings determiner configured and arranged to determine treatment settings associated with the r.f. treatment signal, - a treatment duration (T D) associated with a desired treatment result; and - an r.f. electrical parameter associated with the r.f. treatment signal; and wherein the controller is further programmed such that, after activating the impedance measurement circuit to measure the initial skin impedance, the controller consecutively: - activates the treatment settings determiner to determine the treatment settings before activating the r.f. generator to apply the r.f. treatment signal; - configures the r.f. generator to provide the r.f. treatment signal according to the treatment settings; and - activates the r.f. generator to apply the r.f. treatment signal to the inner region for the treatment duration (T D). - activates the treatment settings determiner to determine the treatment settings before activating the r.f. generator to apply the r.f. treatment signal; - configures the r.f. generator to provide the r.f. treatment signal according to the treatment settings; and - activates the r.f. generator to apply the r.f. treatment signal to the inner region for the treatment duration (T D).