A security or valuable document, containing at least one unhoused integrated electronic circuit which adjoins a document element of the security or valuable document for storing data requiring protection, with at least one communication interface, wherein the security or valuable document is set up to perform a verification in the document itself and additional, unique, non-copyable, random information for the execution of a cryptographic protocol must be read and verified in order for the data requiring protection to be read from the integrated electronic circuit, wherein the security or valuable document additionally comprises for this purpose at least one sensor element for receiving a verification signal, and the verification signal is influenced by physical properties of the document element adjoining the integrated electronic circuit, so that a manipulation of the valuable or security document can be identified by means of the verification signal that is influenced by the altered physical properties, wherein at least one sensor element is also a light-sensitive sensor element that is responsive to electromagnetic radiation, and the verification signal is formed by electromagnetic radiation, wherein at least one excitation source that is embodied as a light source for generating electromagnetic radiation is also present in the document, wherein the at least one excitation source generates electromagnetic radiation with a predetermined pulse sequence, with at least one radiation source being formed by luminescent substances (21, 21.1) that are located in the document element and that can be excited by the at least one excitation source that is embodied within the security or valuable document, so that the generated electromagnetic radiation results in the verification signal after being influenced by the document element, wherein the document element is a layer element which is at least partially traversed by the electromagnetic radiation on a radiation path to the at least one sensor element and in which the electromagnetic radiation is temporally modulated, and wherein the layer element consists of a polymeric, largely transparent matrix or of an adhesion promoter layer in which luminescent or phosphorescent pigments are incorporated in a homogeneously dispersed manner, the integrated electronic circuit being set up to check the verification signal against a reference verification signal that is generated in the same way as the verification signal and stored on the circuit, particularly in order to verify whether the integrated electronic circuit has been manipulated after being embedded in the security or valuable document. wherein the at least one excitation source generates electromagnetic radiation with a predetermined pulse sequence, with at least one radiation source being formed by luminescent substances (21, 21.1) that are located in the document element and that can be excited by the at least one excitation source that is embodied within the security or valuable document, so that the generated electromagnetic radiation results in the verification signal after being influenced by the document element, wherein the document element is a layer element which is at least partially traversed by the electromagnetic radiation on a radiation path to the at least one sensor element and in which the electromagnetic radiation is temporally modulated, and wherein the layer element consists of a polymeric, largely transparent matrix or of an adhesion promoter layer in which luminescent or phosphorescent pigments are incorporated in a homogeneously dispersed manner, the integrated electronic circuit being set up to check the verification signal against a reference verification signal that is generated in the same way as the verification signal and stored on the circuit, particularly in order to verify whether the integrated electronic circuit has been manipulated after being embedded in the security or valuable document.