A quantum dot binding ligand comprising the structure of formula I: wherein R 1, R 2, R 3, R 7, R 8, and R 9 are each independently C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 2-20 alkynyl, -L 3 -(R 11) q, cycloalkyl, or aryl; R 4 and R 5 are each independently C 1-20 -alkyl, C 1-20 heteroalkyl, C 2-20 -alkenyl, C 2-20 -alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more Si(R 12) 3 groups; R 6 is C 1-20 -alkyl, C 1-20 heteroalkyl, C 2-20 -alkenyl, C 2-20 -alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more Si(R 12) 3 groups; each R 11 is independently NR 2a R 2b, C OH, or PR 3a R 3b; each of R 2a and R 2b is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl; each of R 3a and R 3b is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl; each L 1 is independently C 2-20 alkylene, C 2-20 heteroalkylene, or C 2-8 alkylene-O-C 2-8 alkylene; each L 2 is independently C 2-20 alkylene, C 2-20 heteroalkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-O-C 2-8 alkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, C 2-8 heteroalkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, or C 3-8 alkylene-O-C 1-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, wherein each L 2 is independently substituted with one or more (R 10) q, Si(R 12) 3, or C 3-10 cycloalkoxy; each L 3 is independently C 2-20 alkylene, C 2-20 heteroalkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-O-C 2-8 alkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, C 2-8 heteroalkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, or C 3-8 alkylene-O-C 1-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q; each R 10 is independently NR 2a R 2b, C OH, or PR 3a R 3b; each R 12 is independently C 1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl; m is 0 to 1000; n is 1 to 50; and q is 1 to 10; wherein at least one L 2 group is substituted by Si(R 12) 3. R 1, R 2, R 3, R 7, R 8, and R 9 are each independently C 1-20 alkyl, C 2-20 alkenyl, C 2-20 alkynyl, -L 3 -(R 11) q, cycloalkyl, or aryl; R 4 and R 5 are each independently C 1-20 -alkyl, C 1-20 heteroalkyl, C 2-20 -alkenyl, C 2-20 -alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more Si(R 12) 3 groups; R 6 is C 1-20 -alkyl, C 1-20 heteroalkyl, C 2-20 -alkenyl, C 2-20 -alkynyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl, each optionally substituted with one or more Si(R 12) 3 groups; each R 11 is independently NR 2a R 2b, C OH, or PR 3a R 3b; each of R 2a and R 2b is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl; each of R 3a and R 3b is independently H or C 1-6 alkyl; each L 1 is independently C 2-20 alkylene, C 2-20 heteroalkylene, or C 2-8 alkylene-O-C 2-8 alkylene; each L 2 is independently C 2-20 alkylene, C 2-20 heteroalkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-O-C 2-8 alkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, C 2-8 heteroalkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, or C 3-8 alkylene-O-C 1-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, wherein each L 2 is independently substituted with one or more (R 10) q, Si(R 12) 3, or C 3-10 cycloalkoxy; each L 3 is independently C 2-20 alkylene, C 2-20 heteroalkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-O-C 2-8 alkylene, C 2-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, C 2-8 heteroalkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q, or C 3-8 alkylene-O-C 1-8 alkylene-(C NH-C 2-8 alkylene) q; each R 10 is independently NR 2a R 2b, C OH, or PR 3a R 3b; each R 12 is independently C 1-6 alkyl, cycloalkyl, or aryl; m is 0 to 1000; n is 1 to 50; and q is 1 to 10; wherein at least one L 2 group is substituted by Si(R 12) 3.