A quick-release vacuum pump comprising: a casing which comprises a compressed air inlet and a compressed air outlet provided at opposing side sections and an air suction port provided in a bottom; a vacuum pump part which comprises a cylindrical hollow area extending through the casing between the inlet and the outlet, one portion of the hollow area communicating with the suction port, and nozzles (32a, 32b, 32c) disposed in series inside the hollow area, both ends of the nozzles (32a, 32b, 32c) communicating with the inlet and the outlet, and slots of the nozzles communicating with the hollow area; a release part which comprises a support tube provided above the suction port, a skirt-type check valve which is to be moved up and down by air pressure to open and close an upper portion of the support tube, wherein a lower end portion of the check valve is funnel shaped and is inserted into an upper opening of the support tube, and a pressure chamber provided at a terminal of a passage which communicates with the suction port and passes by a valve skirt; a control means for controlling a range in which the check valve is to move, the control means extending through an upper surface of the casing and being disposed above the check valve; and a filter material which is disposed between the suction port and the support tube, wherein the filter material filters discharge air that is introduced by allowing the discharge air to pass through upward when the pump part operates, and is cleaned by air that is supplied to the suction port below through the support tube from the pressure chamber when the pump part stops operating. a casing which comprises a compressed air inlet and a compressed air outlet provided at opposing side sections and an air suction port provided in a bottom; a vacuum pump part which comprises a cylindrical hollow area extending through the casing between the inlet and the outlet, one portion of the hollow area communicating with the suction port, and nozzles (32a, 32b, 32c) disposed in series inside the hollow area, both ends of the nozzles (32a, 32b, 32c) communicating with the inlet and the outlet, and slots of the nozzles communicating with the hollow area; a release part which comprises a support tube provided above the suction port, a skirt-type check valve which is to be moved up and down by air pressure to open and close an upper portion of the support tube, wherein a lower end portion of the check valve is funnel shaped and is inserted into an upper opening of the support tube, and a pressure chamber provided at a terminal of a passage which communicates with the suction port and passes by a valve skirt; a control means for controlling a range in which the check valve is to move, the control means extending through an upper surface of the casing and being disposed above the check valve; and a filter material which is disposed between the suction port and the support tube, wherein the filter material filters discharge air that is introduced by allowing the discharge air to pass through upward when the pump part operates, and is cleaned by air that is supplied to the suction port below through the support tube from the pressure chamber when the pump part stops operating.