A short circuit fault current limiter, comprising: a circuit breaker, a transfer current limiting unit and a current detection unit, characterized in that in the short circuit fault current limiter the current detection unit is connected to the circuit breaker, and the circuit breaker and the transfer current limiting unit are connected in parallel into the power system line; an output terminal of the current detection unit is connected to a control terminal of the transfer current limiting unit, and the current detection unit is configured to detect a fault current flowing through a branch of the circuit breaker under a short circuit fault operating condition and control trigger switches in the transfer current limiting unit to be switched on wherein the transfer current limiting unit comprises: a first precharge capacitor, a second precharge capacitor, a first trigger switch, a second trigger switch and a coupling reactor, in which a primary side winding of the coupling reactor includes a first tap and a second tap, and a secondary side winding of the coupling reactor is connected to the circuit breaker in parallel; the first tap is connected in series to the first trigger switch and the first precharge capacitor in sequence, and the second tap is connected in series to the second precharge capacitor and the second trigger switch in sequence; wherein a first closed loop is defined by the first tap, the first precharge capacitor, and the first switch and wherein the transfer current limiting unit is configured to generate via the first closed loop a high frequency reverse current superimposed on the circuit breaker in one first direction when the direction of the fault current is detected to be positive; and wherein a second closed loop is defined by the second tap, the second precharge capacitor, and the second switch and wherein the transfer current limiting unit is configured to generate via the second closed loop a high frequency reverse current superimposed on the circuit breaker in one second direction when the direction of the fault current is detected to be negative. wherein the transfer current limiting unit comprises: a first precharge capacitor, a second precharge capacitor, a first trigger switch, a second trigger switch and a coupling reactor, in which a primary side winding of the coupling reactor includes a first tap and a second tap, and a secondary side winding of the coupling reactor is connected to the circuit breaker in parallel; the first tap is connected in series to the first trigger switch and the first precharge capacitor in sequence, and the second tap is connected in series to the second precharge capacitor and the second trigger switch in sequence; wherein a first closed loop is defined by the first tap, the first precharge capacitor, and the first switch and wherein the transfer current limiting unit is configured to generate via the first closed loop a high frequency reverse current superimposed on the circuit breaker in one first direction when the direction of the fault current is detected to be positive; and wherein a second closed loop is defined by the second tap, the second precharge capacitor, and the second switch and wherein the transfer current limiting unit is configured to generate via the second closed loop a high frequency reverse current superimposed on the circuit breaker in one second direction when the direction of the fault current is detected to be negative.