Compounds of the formula or (I') Z n C c D d Spacer m X x (ZC c D d) n Spacer m X x (I') where Z = R f -O-CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2) 1-4 -O-CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF(CF 3)-CF 2) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF(CF 3)-CF 2) 1-4 -O-CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2 -O) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2 -CF 2 -O) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2 -O) 1-4 -(CF 2 -CF 2 -O) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O-. n and n' = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, R f = fluorinated alkyl, linear or branched, R 1 = H or alkyl, preferably C1-C4, in particular -CH 3 or -CH 2 -CH 3, R 2 = H or alkyl, preferably C1-C4, in particular -CH 3, C = -CR' 2 -CR" 2 -O-, c = 0 or an integer from the range from 1 to 100, R' and R" = independently of one another H or alkyl, D = -CO-, d = 0 or 1, spacer = a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched hydrocarbon unit, optionally containing heteroatoms, m = 0 or 1, X an anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric hydrophilic selected from the groups -COO -, -SO 3 -, -OSO 3 -, -PO 3 2-, -OPO 3 2-, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -COO -, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -SO 3 -, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -OSO 3 -, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -PO 3 2-, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -OPO 3 2-, the formulae A to C, where s stands for an integer from the range from 1 to 1000, t stands for an integer selected from 1, 2, 3 or 4 and w stands for an integer selected from 1, 2 or 3, or -NR 1 R 2 R 3+ Z -, -PR 1 R 2 R 3+ Z -, where R stands for H or C 1-4 -alkyl in any desired position, Z - stands for Cl -, Br -, I -, CH 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CH 3 PhSO 3 -, PhSO 3 - R 1, R 2 and R 3 in each case, independently of one another, stand for H, C 1-30 -alkyl, Ar or -CH 2 Ar and Ar stands for an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted aromatic ring or condensed ring systems having 6 to 18 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or linear or branched alkyl, in which one or more non-adjacent C atoms are replaced by O, S, and/or N, -OH, -SH, -O-(glycoside) o', -S-(glycoside) o', -OCH 2 -CHOH-CH 2 -OH, -OCH 2 Ar(-NCO) p', -OAr(-NCO) p', amine oxide, u stands for an integer from the range from 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, o' stands for an integer from the range from 1 to 10, p' stands for 1 or 2, Ar stands for an unsubstituted, mono- or polysubstituted aromatic ring or condensed ring systems having 6 to 18 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by C=O and, glycoside stands for an etherified carbohydrate, preferably for a mono-, di-, tri- or oligoglucoside, or acetyldiamines, N-alkylamino acids, N-alkylaminosulfonic acids, betaines, sulfobetaines, and x = 1, 2, 3 or 4. Z = R f -O-CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2) 1-4 -O-CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF(CF 3)-CF 2) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF(CF 3)-CF 2) 1-4 -O-CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2 -O) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2 -CF 2 -O) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O- or R f -O-(CF 2 -O) 1-4 -(CF 2 -CF 2 -O) 1-4 -CHF-CF 2 -CR 1 R 2 -O-. n and n' = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, R f = fluorinated alkyl, linear or branched, R 1 = H or alkyl, preferably C1-C4, in particular -CH 3 or -CH 2 -CH 3, R 2 = H or alkyl, preferably C1-C4, in particular -CH 3, C = -CR' 2 -CR" 2 -O-, c = 0 or an integer from the range from 1 to 100, R' and R" = independently of one another H or alkyl, D = -CO-, d = 0 or 1, spacer = a saturated or unsaturated, branched or unbranched hydrocarbon unit, optionally containing heteroatoms, m = 0 or 1, X an anionic, cationic, nonionic or amphoteric hydrophilic selected from the groups -COO -, -SO 3 -, -OSO 3 -, -PO 3 2-, -OPO 3 2-, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -COO -, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -SO 3 -, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -OSO 3 -, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -PO 3 2-, -(OCH 2 CH 2) s -O-(CH 2) t -OPO 3 2-, the formulae A to C, where s stands for an integer from the range from 1 to 1000, t stands for an integer selected from 1, 2, 3 or 4 and w stands for an integer selected from 1, 2 or 3, or -NR 1 R 2 R 3+ Z -, -PR 1 R 2 R 3+ Z -, where R stands for H or C 1-4 -alkyl in any desired position, Z - stands for Cl -, Br -, I -, CH 3 SO 3 -, CF 3 SO 3 -, CH 3 PhSO 3 -, PhSO 3 - R 1, R 2 and R 3 in each case, independently of one another, stand for H, C 1-30 -alkyl, Ar or -CH 2 Ar and Ar stands for an unsubstituted or mono- or polysubstituted aromatic ring or condensed ring systems having 6 to 18 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by N, or linear or branched alkyl, in which one or more non-adjacent C atoms are replaced by O, S, and/or N, -OH, -SH, -O-(glycoside) o', -S-(glycoside) o', -OCH 2 -CHOH-CH 2 -OH, -OCH 2 Ar(-NCO) p', -OAr(-NCO) p', amine oxide, u stands for an integer from the range from 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, o' stands for an integer from the range from 1 to 10, p' stands for 1 or 2, Ar stands for an unsubstituted, mono- or polysubstituted aromatic ring or condensed ring systems having 6 to 18 C atoms, in which, in addition, one or two CH groups may be replaced by C=O and, glycoside stands for an etherified carbohydrate, preferably for a mono-, di-, tri- or oligoglucoside, or acetyldiamines, N-alkylamino acids, N-alkylaminosulfonic acids, betaines, sulfobetaines, and x = 1, 2, 3 or 4.