A compound having a structure represented by Formula 1: and/or one or more salts thereof, wherein Ring A is an aromatic carbocycle; X is H or a phosphate group; R 1 is selected from H, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with R 2 wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic; each R 2 is independently selected from H, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 carboxy ester, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with Ri wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic; each R 3 is independently selected from H, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 carboxy ester, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxamide, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle when taken together with R 4 wherein said carbocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with R 4 wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic; and R 4 is selected from H, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 carboxy ester, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxamide, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle or heterocycle wherein said heterocycle or carbocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle when taken together with R 3 wherein said carbocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with R 3 wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic. and/or one or more salts thereof, wherein Ring A is an aromatic carbocycle; X is H or a phosphate group; R 1 is selected from H, a C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with R 2 wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic; each R 2 is independently selected from H, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 carboxy ester, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with Ri wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic; each R 3 is independently selected from H, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 carboxy ester, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxamide, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle when taken together with R 4 wherein said carbocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with R 4 wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic; and R 4 is selected from H, a halogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkynyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 alkoxy group, a carboxylic acid, a substituted or unsubstituted C 1 -C 6 carboxy ester, a substituted or unsubstituted carboxamide, a cyano group, a substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle or heterocycle wherein said heterocycle or carbocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic, a substituted or unsubstituted carbocycle when taken together with R 3 wherein said carbocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic, and a substituted or unsubstituted heterocycle when taken together with R 3 wherein said heterocycle may be aromatic or non-aromatic.