Measurement arrangement for a rail-bound vehicle, in particular rail vehicle, - wherein the measurement arrangement has an evaluation facility, which is configured to compare values (A(φ1), A(φ2)) recorded during a current journey in at least one predefined spatial measurement orientation with spatially corresponding reference values (R(X0, φ1), R(X0, φ2)) recorded during one or more previous journeys on the same route, and in the event that a deviation has a predefined deviation characteristic, to generate a derailment warning signal, characterised in that - a distance measurement facility is configured, in at least two predefined spatial measurement orientations, of which one is oriented about a predefined tilt angle (φ1) to the right - referred to as the right-hand measurement orientation in the following - and the other about the same tilt angle (φ2) to the left - referred to as the left-hand measurement orientation in the following - relative to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, to measure the respective value (A(φ1), A(φ2)) as a distance between the distance measurement facility and - when viewed in the two measurement orientations - objects situated in the surrounding area with the formation of a right-hand measurement value progression (MVr) and a left-hand measurement value progression (MVl), and - the evaluation facility is configured, during a current journey, to compare the right-hand and left-hand measurement value progression (MVr, MVl) of the currently measured distance values (A(φ1), A(φ2)) with corresponding right-hand and left-hand reference value progressions (RVr, RVl) of the spatially corresponding reference values (R(X0, φ1), R(X0, φ2)), and to make the generation of the derailment warning signal dependent upon whether any deviations between one of the measurement value progressions (MVr, MVl) and the corresponding reference progression (RVr, RVl) correlate with deviations between the other measurement value progression (MVr, MVl) and the corresponding reference progression (RVr, RVl) thereof. - wherein the measurement arrangement has an evaluation facility, which is configured to compare values (A(φ1), A(φ2)) recorded during a current journey in at least one predefined spatial measurement orientation with spatially corresponding reference values (R(X0, φ1), R(X0, φ2)) recorded during one or more previous journeys on the same route, and in the event that a deviation has a predefined deviation characteristic, to generate a derailment warning signal, characterised in that - a distance measurement facility is configured, in at least two predefined spatial measurement orientations, of which one is oriented about a predefined tilt angle (φ1) to the right - referred to as the right-hand measurement orientation in the following - and the other about the same tilt angle (φ2) to the left - referred to as the left-hand measurement orientation in the following - relative to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, to measure the respective value (A(φ1), A(φ2)) as a distance between the distance measurement facility and - when viewed in the two measurement orientations - objects situated in the surrounding area with the formation of a right-hand measurement value progression (MVr) and a left-hand measurement value progression (MVl), and - the evaluation facility is configured, during a current journey, to compare the right-hand and left-hand measurement value progression (MVr, MVl) of the currently measured distance values (A(φ1), A(φ2)) with corresponding right-hand and left-hand reference value progressions (RVr, RVl) of the spatially corresponding reference values (R(X0, φ1), R(X0, φ2)), and to make the generation of the derailment warning signal dependent upon whether any deviations between one of the measurement value progressions (MVr, MVl) and the corresponding reference progression (RVr, RVl) correlate with deviations between the other measurement value progression (MVr, MVl) and the corresponding reference progression (RVr, RVl) thereof.