A catheter, comprising: an elongated member; a plurality of proximal windows on the catheter positioned along a first longitudinal portion of the elongated member; a proximal set of electrodes comprising a plurality of proximal electrodes aligned with the proximal windows to at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member; and a plurality of distal windows on the catheter positioned along a second longitudinal portion of the elongated member; a distal set of electrodes distal to the proximal set of electrodes, the distal set of electrodes comprising a plurality of distal electrodes aligned with the distal windows to at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member; wherein the proximal and distal sets of electrodes are positioned such that the proximal set of electrodes is configured to stimulate a patient's left phrenic nerve and the distal set of electrodes is configured to stimulate the patient's right phrenic nerve, characterized in that the plurality of proximal windows are positioned such that the proximal electrodes at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member along only a portion of a circumference of the first longitudinal portion, the plurality of distal windows are positioned such that the distal electrodes at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member along only a portion of a circumference of the second longitudinal portion, wherein a row of the plurality of proximal electrodes is exposed along a first line at a surface of the elongated member and parallel to a longitudinal axis (A-A) of the catheter, wherein a row of the plurality of distal electrodes is exposed along a second line at the surface of the elongated member and parallel to a longitudinal axis (A-A) of the catheter, and wherein the first longitudinal portion of the elongated member is without electrodes exposed along the second line, and the second longitudinal portion of the elongated member is without electrodes exposed along the first line. an elongated member; a plurality of proximal windows on the catheter positioned along a first longitudinal portion of the elongated member; a proximal set of electrodes comprising a plurality of proximal electrodes aligned with the proximal windows to at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member; and a plurality of distal windows on the catheter positioned along a second longitudinal portion of the elongated member; a distal set of electrodes distal to the proximal set of electrodes, the distal set of electrodes comprising a plurality of distal electrodes aligned with the distal windows to at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member; wherein the proximal and distal sets of electrodes are positioned such that the proximal set of electrodes is configured to stimulate a patient's left phrenic nerve and the distal set of electrodes is configured to stimulate the patient's right phrenic nerve, characterized in that the plurality of proximal windows are positioned such that the proximal electrodes at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member along only a portion of a circumference of the first longitudinal portion, the plurality of distal windows are positioned such that the distal electrodes at least one of emit or receive electrical energy to or from an exterior of the elongated member along only a portion of a circumference of the second longitudinal portion, wherein a row of the plurality of proximal electrodes is exposed along a first line at a surface of the elongated member and parallel to a longitudinal axis (A-A) of the catheter, wherein a row of the plurality of distal electrodes is exposed along a second line at the surface of the elongated member and parallel to a longitudinal axis (A-A) of the catheter, and wherein the first longitudinal portion of the elongated member is without electrodes exposed along the second line, and the second longitudinal portion of the elongated member is without electrodes exposed along the first line.