Device for controlling the activity of a colony of bees or similar, comprising panel means adapted to be mounted at the entrance of at least a hive (Ki) in which said bees live and electromagnetic sensor means (4,5,5', 7) mounted on said panel for detecting physical conditions and/or environmental conditions inside and/or outside of said hive (Ki), and the passage of said bees to and from the interior of said hive (Ki) and for controlling the intrinsic characteristics of said bees and said hive (ki); a central processing unit connected to said sensor means (4,5,5',7) and power supply means (9,10) for supplying said central unit and said sensor means (4,5,5 ',7), said sensor means (4,5,5',7) comprise diagnostic detecting means of said power supply means (9,10); said central unit is connected to means for connection and transmission adapted to allow the external transmission of data stored in said unit through antenna means positioned on said hive (Ki); said panel means are adapted to be applied on the front inlet of said hive (Ki) and are provided with a series of cylindrical passage holes for the passage of said bees entering and exiting from said hive (Ki); each said hole defining an access hole to the beehive (Ki) and has a diameter and a length to permit easy passage of bees through said hole, and then the same entry and exit of the bees from the beehive (Ki) of the bees themselves; each access hole being provided inside a pair of corresponding proximity sensors (5, 5'), spaced and electrically connected to each other, so as to define an electromagnetic field for detection and control, which is crossed by the bees entering and exiting from their beehive, so in both directions of movement, from the beehive (Ki) during normal daily activities and for the duration of use;each pair of said sensors (5, 5') is also connected to said central unit, mounted on the panel, which central unit is therefore able to receive and store data related to the activities of movement and passage of the bees through holes. a central processing unit connected to said sensor means (4,5,5',7) and power supply means (9,10) for supplying said central unit and said sensor means (4,5,5 ',7), said sensor means (4,5,5',7) comprise diagnostic detecting means of said power supply means (9,10); said central unit is connected to means for connection and transmission adapted to allow the external transmission of data stored in said unit through antenna means positioned on said hive (Ki); said panel means are adapted to be applied on the front inlet of said hive (Ki) and are provided with a series of cylindrical passage holes for the passage of said bees entering and exiting from said hive (Ki); each said hole defining an access hole to the beehive (Ki) and has a diameter and a length to permit easy passage of bees through said hole, and then the same entry and exit of the bees from the beehive (Ki) of the bees themselves; each access hole being provided inside a pair of corresponding proximity sensors (5, 5'), spaced and electrically connected to each other, so as to define an electromagnetic field for detection and control, which is crossed by the bees entering and exiting from their beehive, so in both directions of movement, from the beehive (Ki) during normal daily activities and for the duration of use;each pair of said sensors (5, 5') is also connected to said central unit, mounted on the panel, which central unit is therefore able to receive and store data related to the activities of movement and passage of the bees through holes.