An article of footwear comprising: an upper; and a sole structure coupled to the upper and including a first electrically controllable damping pad positioned in a plantar region of the sole structure, wherein the first damping pad includes a first chamber, a first foam element located within the first chamber, electrical-field-reactive particles located within the first chamber and at least partially filling cavities in the first foam element, wherein the electrical-field-reactive particles in the first chamber comprise particles of a polymer having a dipolar molecule and having sizes of 5 microns or less, and a set of first electrodes (35, 37, 43, 45), the electrodes comprising a peripheral boundary defining a first compressibility reduction zone (36, 38, 40, 42) of the first chamber spaced inwardly of a peripheral boundary of the first chamber, the set of electrodes positioned to create, in response to a voltage across the first electrodes, an electrical field in electrical-field-reactive particles in the first compressibility reduction zone, wherein a portion of the electrical-field-reactive particles that partially fill cavities in the first foam element are located within the first compressibility reduction zone. an upper; and a sole structure coupled to the upper and including a first electrically controllable damping pad positioned in a plantar region of the sole structure, wherein the first damping pad includes a first chamber, a first foam element located within the first chamber, electrical-field-reactive particles located within the first chamber and at least partially filling cavities in the first foam element, wherein the electrical-field-reactive particles in the first chamber comprise particles of a polymer having a dipolar molecule and having sizes of 5 microns or less, and a set of first electrodes (35, 37, 43, 45), the electrodes comprising a peripheral boundary defining a first compressibility reduction zone (36, 38, 40, 42) of the first chamber spaced inwardly of a peripheral boundary of the first chamber, the set of electrodes positioned to create, in response to a voltage across the first electrodes, an electrical field in electrical-field-reactive particles in the first compressibility reduction zone, wherein a portion of the electrical-field-reactive particles that partially fill cavities in the first foam element are located within the first compressibility reduction zone. a first chamber, a first foam element located within the first chamber, electrical-field-reactive particles located within the first chamber and at least partially filling cavities in the first foam element, wherein the electrical-field-reactive particles in the first chamber comprise particles of a polymer having a dipolar molecule and having sizes of 5 microns or less, and a set of first electrodes (35, 37, 43, 45), the electrodes comprising a peripheral boundary defining a first compressibility reduction zone (36, 38, 40, 42) of the first chamber spaced inwardly of a peripheral boundary of the first chamber, the set of electrodes positioned to create, in response to a voltage across the first electrodes, an electrical field in electrical-field-reactive particles in the first compressibility reduction zone, wherein a portion of the electrical-field-reactive particles that partially fill cavities in the first foam element are located within the first compressibility reduction zone.