A two-part urethane adhesive composition comprising: a main agent containing a polyisocyanate component; and a curing agent containing water and an active hydrogen-containing compound having a plurality of active hydrogens, wherein the active hydrogen-containing compound contains a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula, in the main agent, the polyisocyanate component contains a urethane prepolymer (A-3) formed using an active hydrogen-containing compound (A-1) having a plurality of active hydrogens and an isocyanate compound (A-2) having two or more functionalities, and a ratio R1 of a number of isocyanate groups of the isocyanate compound (A-2) to a number of active hydrogens (A1-H) of the active hydrogen-containing compound (A-1) (NCO/H) is 1.5 to 10, in the curing agent, an average active hydrogen concentration (BH-c) of the active hydrogen-containing compound is 0.50 to 3.50 mol/kg, and an average active hydrogen concentration (BWH-c) of the active hydrogen-containing compound and the water is 2.00 to 8.00 mol/kg, and the main agent and the curing agent are mixed in such amounts as to satisfy conditions that a ratio R2 of a number of isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate component to a number of active hydrogens (B-H) of the active hydrogen-containing compound (NCO/H) is 1 to 5, and a ratio R3 of a number of isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate component to a total number of active hydrogens of the active hydrogen-containing compound and the water (NCO/H) is 0.5 to 2.5, provided that the active hydrogen-containing compound has no silicon, where R 6 to R 9 each independently represent an alkylene group, R 10 represents an alkylene group or a polyoxyalkylene group, and a to d each independently represent 0 to 10. a main agent containing a polyisocyanate component; and a curing agent containing water and an active hydrogen-containing compound having a plurality of active hydrogens, wherein the active hydrogen-containing compound contains a nitrogen-containing compound represented by Formula, in the main agent, the polyisocyanate component contains a urethane prepolymer (A-3) formed using an active hydrogen-containing compound (A-1) having a plurality of active hydrogens and an isocyanate compound (A-2) having two or more functionalities, and a ratio R1 of a number of isocyanate groups of the isocyanate compound (A-2) to a number of active hydrogens (A1-H) of the active hydrogen-containing compound (A-1) (NCO/H) is 1.5 to 10, in the curing agent, an average active hydrogen concentration (BH-c) of the active hydrogen-containing compound is 0.50 to 3.50 mol/kg, and an average active hydrogen concentration (BWH-c) of the active hydrogen-containing compound and the water is 2.00 to 8.00 mol/kg, and the main agent and the curing agent are mixed in such amounts as to satisfy conditions that a ratio R2 of a number of isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate component to a number of active hydrogens (B-H) of the active hydrogen-containing compound (NCO/H) is 1 to 5, and a ratio R3 of a number of isocyanate groups of the polyisocyanate component to a total number of active hydrogens of the active hydrogen-containing compound and the water (NCO/H) is 0.5 to 2.5, provided that the active hydrogen-containing compound has no silicon, where R 6 to R 9 each independently represent an alkylene group, R 10 represents an alkylene group or a polyoxyalkylene group, and a to d each independently represent 0 to 10.