A geothermal heat exchanger for recovering geothermal energy from dry rocks by means of a heat transfer medium having a closed circuit of the heat transfer medium, comprising a back pressure closure, a heat transfer medium, a pipeline made by a drilling technology in a rock massif, wherein it further comprises a pump for pumping the heat transfer medium into the pipeline, the pipeline of the geothermal heat exchanger consists of at least one descending inlet section of the pipeline for bringing the heat transfer medium into a depth of 2.5 to 20 km, the heat exchange production section of the pipeline is connected to the descending inlet section and the outlet section of the pipeline is connected to the heat exchange production section, the geothermal heat exchanger being characterized in that the descending inlet section of the pipeline is shorter than a sum of lengths of the ascending pipeline of the heat exchange production section and of the ascending outlet section of the pipeline of the heat exchanger in terms of flow of the heat transfer medium, and wherein the heat exchange production section consist of at least two branches of the pipeline, a splitter, positioned after the lowest point of the pipeline of the geothermal heat exchanger, for forming branches of the heat exchange production section and a collector for connecting branches of the pipeline on the transition into the outlet section and wherein the pipeline of the heat exchange production section is formed ascendingly in a direction from a lowest point of the pipeline towards the outlet section of the heat exchanger, where the gradient angle is 1° to 20° from the horizontal direction and wherein the geothermal heat exchanger is either • for recovering geothermal energy from dry rocks having high temperature above 130 °C at the outlet onto the earth surface, wherein a sum of the cross-sections of the pipeline branches of the heat exchange production section is greater than the cross-section of the pipeline of the outlet section, and where the pump provides for flow velocity of the heat transfer medium of the inlet and of the heat exchange production sections lower than 0.8 m/s; or • for recovering geothermal energy from dry rocks having high heat output and the outlet temperature of 60 to 130°C, wherein the pipeline diameter the outlet section of the heat exchanger is smaller than the pipeline diameter of the inlet section of the heat exchanger and where the pump provides for flow velocity of the heat transfer medium of 2 to 5 m/s in the vertical outlet section of the heat exchanger and wherein the inlet section of the pipeline is descending at an angle of 3 to 8° from the vertical direction. • for recovering geothermal energy from dry rocks having high temperature above 130 °C at the outlet onto the earth surface, wherein a sum of the cross-sections of the pipeline branches of the heat exchange production section is greater than the cross-section of the pipeline of the outlet section, and where the pump provides for flow velocity of the heat transfer medium of the inlet and of the heat exchange production sections lower than 0.8 m/s; or • for recovering geothermal energy from dry rocks having high heat output and the outlet temperature of 60 to 130°C, wherein the pipeline diameter the outlet section of the heat exchanger is smaller than the pipeline diameter of the inlet section of the heat exchanger and where the pump provides for flow velocity of the heat transfer medium of 2 to 5 m/s in the vertical outlet section of the heat exchanger and wherein the inlet section of the pipeline is descending at an angle of 3 to 8° from the vertical direction.