A method for annotating data of a device in an industrial internet of things, comprising the following steps: determining data obtaining logic based on a semantic ontology model corresponding to the device, wherein the data obtaining logic comprises a to-be-obtained data object and an obtaining rule, the obtaining rule being a condition for obtaining the data object; characterized in determining at least one physical signal corresponding to the data obtaining logic, wherein determining a physical signal comprises: searching for a source module corresponding to signal information in the data obtaining logic; determining one or more pieces of lower-layer signal information that is in the source module and that corresponds to the signal information; repeating the foregoing two steps based on the obtained lower-layer signal information, until lowest-layer signal information having a physical address is obtained; and determining a corresponding physical signal based on the physical address corresponding to the lowest-layer signal information; determining a signal rule, based on the semantic ontology model, the data obtaining logic and the at least one physical signal corresponding to the data obtaining logic, wherein the signal rule is generated based on the at least one physical signal and the corresponding obtaining rule; and adding corresponding annotation information to running data information comprising device-related data collected via at least one sensor installed on the device based on the determined signal rule and the semantic ontology model corresponding to the device. determining data obtaining logic based on a semantic ontology model corresponding to the device, wherein the data obtaining logic comprises a to-be-obtained data object and an obtaining rule, the obtaining rule being a condition for obtaining the data object; characterized in determining at least one physical signal corresponding to the data obtaining logic, wherein determining a physical signal comprises: searching for a source module corresponding to signal information in the data obtaining logic; determining one or more pieces of lower-layer signal information that is in the source module and that corresponds to the signal information; repeating the foregoing two steps based on the obtained lower-layer signal information, until lowest-layer signal information having a physical address is obtained; and determining a corresponding physical signal based on the physical address corresponding to the lowest-layer signal information; searching for a source module corresponding to signal information in the data obtaining logic; determining one or more pieces of lower-layer signal information that is in the source module and that corresponds to the signal information; repeating the foregoing two steps based on the obtained lower-layer signal information, until lowest-layer signal information having a physical address is obtained; and determining a corresponding physical signal based on the physical address corresponding to the lowest-layer signal information; determining a signal rule, based on the semantic ontology model, the data obtaining logic and the at least one physical signal corresponding to the data obtaining logic, wherein the signal rule is generated based on the at least one physical signal and the corresponding obtaining rule; and adding corresponding annotation information to running data information comprising device-related data collected via at least one sensor installed on the device based on the determined signal rule and the semantic ontology model corresponding to the device.