A method of hydrogen production and carbon dioxide recovery for producing hydrogen and recovering carbon dioxide from a carbon-containing fuel, the method comprising: a membrane separation reforming step of, with the use of a reformer provided with a hydrogen-permeable membrane, reforming the carbon-containing fuel and simultaneously separating hydrogen to obtain a hydrogen-permeable membrane permeated gas which is a gas having permeated the hydrogen-permeable membrane and a reformer off-gas which is a gas not having permeated the hydrogen-permeable membrane; a shift reaction step of subjecting the reformer off-gas to a shift reaction; and a carbon dioxide separation step of separating a gas which underwent the shift reaction step into a gas enriched in carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide separation off-gas which is a gas enriched in components other than carbon dioxide, wherein in the carbon dioxide separation step, the separation is performed using a carbon dioxide separation membrane which selectively permeates carbon dioxide, wherein in the carbon dioxide separation step, a gas obtained from the shift reaction step is used as the gas which underwent the shift reaction step, a hydrogen separation step of, with the use of a hydrogen separation membrane which selectively permeates hydrogen, separating the carbon dioxide separation off-gas into a hydrogen-enriched gas which is a gas enriched in hydrogen and a hydrogen separation off-gas which is a gas enriched in components other than hydrogen, and a step of recycling the hydrogen-enriched gas upstream of the membrane separation reformer, through a line (C208, C206) and a compressor; a carbon dioxide liquefying step wherein the CO 2 enriched gas which permeated the carbon dioxide separation membrane is distributed to a carbon dioxide liquefier through a compressor; a step of sending the CO 2 liquefier off-gas and the hydrogen separation off-gas to the reformer burner as a fuel. a membrane separation reforming step of, with the use of a reformer provided with a hydrogen-permeable membrane, reforming the carbon-containing fuel and simultaneously separating hydrogen to obtain a hydrogen-permeable membrane permeated gas which is a gas having permeated the hydrogen-permeable membrane and a reformer off-gas which is a gas not having permeated the hydrogen-permeable membrane; a shift reaction step of subjecting the reformer off-gas to a shift reaction; and a carbon dioxide separation step of separating a gas which underwent the shift reaction step into a gas enriched in carbon dioxide and a carbon dioxide separation off-gas which is a gas enriched in components other than carbon dioxide, wherein in the carbon dioxide separation step, the separation is performed using a carbon dioxide separation membrane which selectively permeates carbon dioxide, wherein in the carbon dioxide separation step, a gas obtained from the shift reaction step is used as the gas which underwent the shift reaction step, a hydrogen separation step of, with the use of a hydrogen separation membrane which selectively permeates hydrogen, separating the carbon dioxide separation off-gas into a hydrogen-enriched gas which is a gas enriched in hydrogen and a hydrogen separation off-gas which is a gas enriched in components other than hydrogen, and a step of recycling the hydrogen-enriched gas upstream of the membrane separation reformer, through a line (C208, C206) and a compressor; a carbon dioxide liquefying step wherein the CO 2 enriched gas which permeated the carbon dioxide separation membrane is distributed to a carbon dioxide liquefier through a compressor; a step of sending the CO 2 liquefier off-gas and the hydrogen separation off-gas to the reformer burner as a fuel.