A computer-implemented method comprising: receiving, with a transaction processing system, a transaction request initiated by at least one of a first computing device associated with a first user and a second computing device associated with a second user, the transaction request being digitally signed using a private key of a public/private key pair of a user associated with the initiation of the transaction request to generate a digital signature, the transaction request comprising: a first user token comprising a first token identifier and a first account balance, the first account balance encrypted with a public key of a public/private key pair associated with the first user; a second user token comprising a second token identifier and a second account balance, the second account balance encrypted with a public key of a public/private key pair associated with the second user; and a transaction value; verifying, in response to receiving the transaction request, the transaction request by validating the digital signature using the public key of the public/private key pair of the user associated with the initiation of the transaction request; in response to verifying the transaction request, generating, with the transaction processing system using a zero-knowledge computation, a new first account balance and a new second account balance based on the first account balance, the second account balance, and the transaction value; generating, with the transaction processing system, a new first user token comprising the new first account balance, the new first account balance encrypted with the public key of the public/private key pair associated with the first user; generating, with the transaction processing system, a new second user token comprising the new second account balance, the new second account balance encrypted with the public key of the public/private key pair associated with the second user; and communicating the new first user token to the first computing device and the new second user token to the second computing device. receiving, with a transaction processing system, a transaction request initiated by at least one of a first computing device associated with a first user and a second computing device associated with a second user, the transaction request being digitally signed using a private key of a public/private key pair of a user associated with the initiation of the transaction request to generate a digital signature, the transaction request comprising: a first user token comprising a first token identifier and a first account balance, the first account balance encrypted with a public key of a public/private key pair associated with the first user; a second user token comprising a second token identifier and a second account balance, the second account balance encrypted with a public key of a public/private key pair associated with the second user; and a transaction value; a first user token comprising a first token identifier and a first account balance, the first account balance encrypted with a public key of a public/private key pair associated with the first user; a second user token comprising a second token identifier and a second account balance, the second account balance encrypted with a public key of a public/private key pair associated with the second user; and a transaction value; verifying, in response to receiving the transaction request, the transaction request by validating the digital signature using the public key of the public/private key pair of the user associated with the initiation of the transaction request; in response to verifying the transaction request, generating, with the transaction processing system using a zero-knowledge computation, a new first account balance and a new second account balance based on the first account balance, the second account balance, and the transaction value; generating, with the transaction processing system, a new first user token comprising the new first account balance, the new first account balance encrypted with the public key of the public/private key pair associated with the first user; generating, with the transaction processing system, a new second user token comprising the new second account balance, the new second account balance encrypted with the public key of the public/private key pair associated with the second user; and communicating the new first user token to the first computing device and the new second user token to the second computing device.