An optical coherence tomography, OCT, injection system, the OCT injection system comprising: a surgical microscope; an OCT scanner integrated within the surgical microscope; a surgical injector; an OCT scanning controller comprising: a processor; memory media accessible to the processor and storing instructions executable by the processor for: receiving a first indication for OCT imaging of an interior portion of an eye of a patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery, the command instructing the OCT scanning controller to generate an OCT image of the interior portion of the eye in real time using an ophthalmic visualization system-, wherein the ophthalmic visualization system is optically coupled to the OCT scanner controlled by the OCT scanning controller, and wherein the first indication specifies a location in the interior portion of the eye for receiving an injection of a substance; causing the OCT image to be displayed to the user; receiving, from the user, a second indication to perform the injection at the location, the second indication specifying a tissue layer from the OCT image for receiving the injection and a volume of the substance to be injected; based on the second indication, detecting [[a]] the surgical injector is at the location from the OCT image, including detecting whether the surgical injector penetrates the specified tissue layer; and when the surgical injector penetrates the tissue layer, automatically causing the injection to be performed by the surgical injector, wherein the surgical injector injects the substance into the tissue layer. a surgical microscope; an OCT scanner integrated within the surgical microscope; a surgical injector; an OCT scanning controller comprising: a processor; memory media accessible to the processor and storing instructions executable by the processor for: receiving a first indication for OCT imaging of an interior portion of an eye of a patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery, the command instructing the OCT scanning controller to generate an OCT image of the interior portion of the eye in real time using an ophthalmic visualization system-, wherein the ophthalmic visualization system is optically coupled to the OCT scanner controlled by the OCT scanning controller, and wherein the first indication specifies a location in the interior portion of the eye for receiving an injection of a substance; causing the OCT image to be displayed to the user; receiving, from the user, a second indication to perform the injection at the location, the second indication specifying a tissue layer from the OCT image for receiving the injection and a volume of the substance to be injected; based on the second indication, detecting [[a]] the surgical injector is at the location from the OCT image, including detecting whether the surgical injector penetrates the specified tissue layer; and when the surgical injector penetrates the tissue layer, automatically causing the injection to be performed by the surgical injector, wherein the surgical injector injects the substance into the tissue layer. a processor; memory media accessible to the processor and storing instructions executable by the processor for: receiving a first indication for OCT imaging of an interior portion of an eye of a patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery, the command instructing the OCT scanning controller to generate an OCT image of the interior portion of the eye in real time using an ophthalmic visualization system-, wherein the ophthalmic visualization system is optically coupled to the OCT scanner controlled by the OCT scanning controller, and wherein the first indication specifies a location in the interior portion of the eye for receiving an injection of a substance; causing the OCT image to be displayed to the user; receiving, from the user, a second indication to perform the injection at the location, the second indication specifying a tissue layer from the OCT image for receiving the injection and a volume of the substance to be injected; based on the second indication, detecting [[a]] the surgical injector is at the location from the OCT image, including detecting whether the surgical injector penetrates the specified tissue layer; and when the surgical injector penetrates the tissue layer, automatically causing the injection to be performed by the surgical injector, wherein the surgical injector injects the substance into the tissue layer. receiving a first indication for OCT imaging of an interior portion of an eye of a patient undergoing ophthalmic surgery, the command instructing the OCT scanning controller to generate an OCT image of the interior portion of the eye in real time using an ophthalmic visualization system-, wherein the ophthalmic visualization system is optically coupled to the OCT scanner controlled by the OCT scanning controller, and wherein the first indication specifies a location in the interior portion of the eye for receiving an injection of a substance; causing the OCT image to be displayed to the user; receiving, from the user, a second indication to perform the injection at the location, the second indication specifying a tissue layer from the OCT image for receiving the injection and a volume of the substance to be injected; based on the second indication, detecting [[a]] the surgical injector is at the location from the OCT image, including detecting whether the surgical injector penetrates the specified tissue layer; and when the surgical injector penetrates the tissue layer, automatically causing the injection to be performed by the surgical injector, wherein the surgical injector injects the substance into the tissue layer.