A photovoltaic power generation system, comprising: at least one first photovoltaic module, a photovoltaic inverter, a first two-way direct current-direct current, DC/DC, converter, and at least one first energy storage unit, and further comprising at least one second photovoltaic module or at least one second energy storage unit, wherein the photovoltaic inverter comprises a DC/DC converter and a direct current-alternating current DC-AC inverter, wherein an input terminal of the DC/DC converter is electrically connected to an output terminal of the at least one first photovoltaic module, an output terminal of the DC/DC converter is connected to an input terminal of the DC-AC inverter through a direct current bus, and the photovoltaic inverter is configured to convert a direct current output by the first photovoltaic module into an alternating current and output the alternating current to a power grid; and the first two-way DC/DC converter comprises at least three ports, wherein a first port of the at least three ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the direct current bus, a second port of the at least three ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to a port of the at least one first energy storage unit, a third port of the at least three ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to an output terminal of the at least one second photovoltaic module or a port of the at least one second energy storage unit, and a circuit between any two ports of the first, second, and third ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is configured as a circuit with two-way circulation., wherein the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises a second two-way DC/DC converter and at least one third energy storage unit, and the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises at least one third photovoltaic module or at least one fourth energy storage unit, wherein the second two-way DC/DC converter comprises at least three ports, wherein a first port of the at least three ports of the second two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the direct current bus, a second port of the at least three ports of the second two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to a port of the at least one third energy storage unit, and a third port of the at least three ports of the second two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to an output terminal of the at least one third photovoltaic module or a port of the at least one fourth energy storage unit. the photovoltaic inverter comprises a DC/DC converter and a direct current-alternating current DC-AC inverter, wherein an input terminal of the DC/DC converter is electrically connected to an output terminal of the at least one first photovoltaic module, an output terminal of the DC/DC converter is connected to an input terminal of the DC-AC inverter through a direct current bus, and the photovoltaic inverter is configured to convert a direct current output by the first photovoltaic module into an alternating current and output the alternating current to a power grid; and the first two-way DC/DC converter comprises at least three ports, wherein a first port of the at least three ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the direct current bus, a second port of the at least three ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to a port of the at least one first energy storage unit, a third port of the at least three ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to an output terminal of the at least one second photovoltaic module or a port of the at least one second energy storage unit, and a circuit between any two ports of the first, second, and third ports of the first two-way DC/DC converter is configured as a circuit with two-way circulation., wherein the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises a second two-way DC/DC converter and at least one third energy storage unit, and the photovoltaic power generation system further comprises at least one third photovoltaic module or at least one fourth energy storage unit, wherein the second two-way DC/DC converter comprises at least three ports, wherein a first port of the at least three ports of the second two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to the direct current bus, a second port of the at least three ports of the second two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to a port of the at least one third energy storage unit, and a third port of the at least three ports of the second two-way DC/DC converter is electrically connected to an output terminal of the at least one third photovoltaic module or a port of the at least one fourth energy storage unit.