Method for the construction of a concrete block structure comprising a plurality of concrete blocks, the method comprising: manufacturing a plurality of concrete blocks each having a vertical guide hole formed in a vertical direction; preparing a guide member for installing the concrete blocks, the guide member includes an installation guide pole provided with a guide body having a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the vertical guide hole and extended in the vertical direction, a cap formed on an upper part of the guide body and having a stopping step protruding from a rim thereof, and an insertion guide part positioned at a lower part of the guide body and of which a cross-sectional area gradually decreases in a downward direction; forming a lower concrete block structure by installing at least one of the concrete blocks; placing the concrete block subject to be installed on the lower concrete block structure by inserting the installation guide pole into the vertical guide hole of the concrete block subject to be installed, positioning the guide body inside the vertical guide hole of the concrete block subject to be installed until the stopping step of the cap stops at an upper surface of the concrete block subject to be installed, lifting the concrete block subject to be installed using a separate lifting means while the insertion guide part protrudes from a bottom of the concrete block subject to be installed, and then inserting the insertion guide part of the installation guide pole into a vertical guide hole of the lower concrete block structure and placing the concrete block subject to be installed on the lower concrete block structure, so that the vertical guide hole of the concrete block subject to be installed is positioned directly above the vertical guide hole of the lower concrete block structure with guidance of the installation guide pole; and separating and recovering the guide member for installing the concrete block from the concrete block subject to be installed, after placing the concrete block subject to be installed. manufacturing a plurality of concrete blocks each having a vertical guide hole formed in a vertical direction; preparing a guide member for installing the concrete blocks, the guide member includes an installation guide pole provided with a guide body having a cross-sectional shape corresponding to the vertical guide hole and extended in the vertical direction, a cap formed on an upper part of the guide body and having a stopping step protruding from a rim thereof, and an insertion guide part positioned at a lower part of the guide body and of which a cross-sectional area gradually decreases in a downward direction; forming a lower concrete block structure by installing at least one of the concrete blocks; placing the concrete block subject to be installed on the lower concrete block structure by inserting the installation guide pole into the vertical guide hole of the concrete block subject to be installed, positioning the guide body inside the vertical guide hole of the concrete block subject to be installed until the stopping step of the cap stops at an upper surface of the concrete block subject to be installed, lifting the concrete block subject to be installed using a separate lifting means while the insertion guide part protrudes from a bottom of the concrete block subject to be installed, and then inserting the insertion guide part of the installation guide pole into a vertical guide hole of the lower concrete block structure and placing the concrete block subject to be installed on the lower concrete block structure, so that the vertical guide hole of the concrete block subject to be installed is positioned directly above the vertical guide hole of the lower concrete block structure with guidance of the installation guide pole; and separating and recovering the guide member for installing the concrete block from the concrete block subject to be installed, after placing the concrete block subject to be installed.