A battery management apparatus, comprising: a profile generating unit configured to obtain a battery profile representing a correspondence between voltage and capacity of a battery and generate a differential profile representing a correspondence between a differential voltage for the capacity of the battery and the capacity or a correspondence between a differential capacity for the voltage of the battery and the voltage based on the obtained battery profile; and a control unit configured to receive the generated differential profile from the profile generating unit, determine a target peak included in the received differential profile according to a rule corresponding to a type of the received differential profile, and determine a state of the battery based on a behavior change of the target peak with respect to a reference peak preset to correspond to the type of the received differential profile wherein the control unit is configured to: determine whether available lithium of the battery is lost based on the behavior change of the target peak with respect to the reference peak, when the received differential profile is a differential voltage profile representing the correspondence between the differential voltage and the capacity, by: setting a target capacity range based on a capacity of a reference voltage peak corresponding to the differential voltage profile in an entire capacity range of the differential voltage profile, determine a peak included in the target capacity range of the differential voltage profile as a target voltage peak, and determine whether the available lithium is lost based on the reference voltage peak and the target voltage peak; wherein the reference voltage peak is configured to be preset as a peak whose corresponding capacity is smallest in a reference voltage profile preset to correspond to the differential voltage profile. a profile generating unit configured to obtain a battery profile representing a correspondence between voltage and capacity of a battery and generate a differential profile representing a correspondence between a differential voltage for the capacity of the battery and the capacity or a correspondence between a differential capacity for the voltage of the battery and the voltage based on the obtained battery profile; and a control unit configured to receive the generated differential profile from the profile generating unit, determine a target peak included in the received differential profile according to a rule corresponding to a type of the received differential profile, and determine a state of the battery based on a behavior change of the target peak with respect to a reference peak preset to correspond to the type of the received differential profile wherein the control unit is configured to: determine whether available lithium of the battery is lost based on the behavior change of the target peak with respect to the reference peak, when the received differential profile is a differential voltage profile representing the correspondence between the differential voltage and the capacity, by: setting a target capacity range based on a capacity of a reference voltage peak corresponding to the differential voltage profile in an entire capacity range of the differential voltage profile, determine a peak included in the target capacity range of the differential voltage profile as a target voltage peak, and determine whether the available lithium is lost based on the reference voltage peak and the target voltage peak; wherein the reference voltage peak is configured to be preset as a peak whose corresponding capacity is smallest in a reference voltage profile preset to correspond to the differential voltage profile. setting a target capacity range based on a capacity of a reference voltage peak corresponding to the differential voltage profile in an entire capacity range of the differential voltage profile, determine a peak included in the target capacity range of the differential voltage profile as a target voltage peak, and determine whether the available lithium is lost based on the reference voltage peak and the target voltage peak; wherein the reference voltage peak is configured to be preset as a peak whose corresponding capacity is smallest in a reference voltage profile preset to correspond to the differential voltage profile.