An apparatus, comprising: a storage medium, configured to store a first mapping of one or more first stream Identifiers, IDs, to one or more first Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN, tags, and a second mapping of the one or more first stream IDs to one or more VLAN tag indications; and a controller, coupled to the storage medium, and configured to route at least one packet between a Time-Sensitive Networking, TSN, network and a non-TSN network according to the first mapping and the second mapping; wherein the routing of the packet comprises: identifying a second stream ID of the packet; determining whether the second stream ID matches one of the first stream IDs in the first mapping or in the second mapping; determining whether the packet comprises any VLAN tag in response to the packet being routed from the non-TSN network to the TSN network; in response to the second stream ID matching one of the first stream IDs and the packet not comprising any VLAN tag, inserting a VLAN tag in the packet based on the first VLAN tag corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the first mapping; and wherein the apparatus is characterized in that: each VLAN tag indication indicates to remove or keep the VLAN tag in the packet routed from the TSN network to the non-TSN network; and the routing of the packet further comprises: in response to the second stream ID matching one of the first stream IDs and the packet being routed from the TSN network to the non-TSN network, determining whether the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove or keep the VLAN tag in the packet; and in response to the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove the VLAN tag in the packet, removing the VLAN tag from the packet. a storage medium, configured to store a first mapping of one or more first stream Identifiers, IDs, to one or more first Virtual Local Area Network, VLAN, tags, and a second mapping of the one or more first stream IDs to one or more VLAN tag indications; and a controller, coupled to the storage medium, and configured to route at least one packet between a Time-Sensitive Networking, TSN, network and a non-TSN network according to the first mapping and the second mapping; wherein the routing of the packet comprises: identifying a second stream ID of the packet; determining whether the second stream ID matches one of the first stream IDs in the first mapping or in the second mapping; determining whether the packet comprises any VLAN tag in response to the packet being routed from the non-TSN network to the TSN network; in response to the second stream ID matching one of the first stream IDs and the packet not comprising any VLAN tag, inserting a VLAN tag in the packet based on the first VLAN tag corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the first mapping; and identifying a second stream ID of the packet; determining whether the second stream ID matches one of the first stream IDs in the first mapping or in the second mapping; determining whether the packet comprises any VLAN tag in response to the packet being routed from the non-TSN network to the TSN network; in response to the second stream ID matching one of the first stream IDs and the packet not comprising any VLAN tag, inserting a VLAN tag in the packet based on the first VLAN tag corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the first mapping; and wherein the apparatus is characterized in that: each VLAN tag indication indicates to remove or keep the VLAN tag in the packet routed from the TSN network to the non-TSN network; and the routing of the packet further comprises: in response to the second stream ID matching one of the first stream IDs and the packet being routed from the TSN network to the non-TSN network, determining whether the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove or keep the VLAN tag in the packet; and in response to the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove the VLAN tag in the packet, removing the VLAN tag from the packet. each VLAN tag indication indicates to remove or keep the VLAN tag in the packet routed from the TSN network to the non-TSN network; and the routing of the packet further comprises: in response to the second stream ID matching one of the first stream IDs and the packet being routed from the TSN network to the non-TSN network, determining whether the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove or keep the VLAN tag in the packet; and in response to the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove the VLAN tag in the packet, removing the VLAN tag from the packet. in response to the second stream ID matching one of the first stream IDs and the packet being routed from the TSN network to the non-TSN network, determining whether the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove or keep the VLAN tag in the packet; and in response to the VLAN tag indication corresponding to the matched first stream ID in the second mapping indicates to remove the VLAN tag in the packet, removing the VLAN tag from the packet.