A compound of Formula I or a stereoisomer or mixture of stereoisomers thereof, optionally as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein: R 1 is alkyl, haloalkyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; is a 4, 5, 6, or 7-membered ring, wherein: R 2 at each occurrence is independently halo, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkoxy, or -C O-alkyl, or two R 2 groups may be joined together with the carbons to which they are attached to form a bridged or fused bicyclic ring; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; X is C or N; wherein: when X is N: R 3 is absent; R 3' is aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups independently selected from heteroarylalkyloxy; alkyl substituted with arylsulfonylamino; alkyl substituted with cycloalkylcarbonylamino; or R 3' is -SO 2 -R a, wherein R a is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenylalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; when X is C: R 3 is cyano, aminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or hydroxy and R 3 is a optionally substituted phenyl; or R 3 is hydrogen and R 3' is phenyl, alkyl substituted with 1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridinyl, optionally substituted indolyl, optionally substituted 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazolyl, optionally substituted oxoindolinyl, optionally substituted benzoimidazolyl, optionally substituted pyridinyl (oxadiazolyl substituted with furanyl), 2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolinyl, - C NR b R c, wherein R b is hydrogen or alkyl; and R c is optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl; or R 3 is hydrogen and R 3 is a group of formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), or (f): wherein: Z 1 is O, NH, or N optionally substituted with aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, or dialkylaminoalkyl; Z 2 is CH or N; A is N, C-H, or C-R d; each R d, when present, is independently halo, alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, or optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl and R e is amino or haloalkyl; or R 3 and R 3' are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring (g), (h), (i), (j); (k), or: wherein: Z 3 is CH 2 or NH; Z 4 is NR f or CR f, and R f is optionally substituted phenyl; Y is absent or is alkyl, -(C=O)-, -NR x -(C=O)-, or -(C=O)NR x -, -O-(C=O)-, -(C=O)O-, - NR x -(C=O)O-, or -O(C=O)NR x -, wherein R x is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl; R 4 is hydrogen, halo, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl; and when Y is -N(R x)-(C=O)-, or -(C=O)-N(R x)-, R x and R 4 can be joined together along with the atoms to which they are attached to form a 4, 5, or 6 membered ring, optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, S, and O. R 1 is alkyl, haloalkyl, or optionally substituted cycloalkyl; is a 4, 5, 6, or 7-membered ring, wherein: R 2 at each occurrence is independently halo, hydroxy, alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxyalkyl, haloalkoxy, or -C O-alkyl, or two R 2 groups may be joined together with the carbons to which they are attached to form a bridged or fused bicyclic ring; n is 0, 1, 2, or 3; X is C or N; wherein: R 3 is absent; R 3' is aryl or heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or two groups independently selected from heteroarylalkyloxy; alkyl substituted with arylsulfonylamino; alkyl substituted with cycloalkylcarbonylamino; or R 3' is -SO 2 -R a, wherein R a is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, optionally substituted phenylalkyl, or optionally substituted heteroaryl; R 3 is cyano, aminoalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, or hydroxy and R 3 is a optionally substituted phenyl; or R 3 is hydrogen and R 3' is phenyl, alkyl substituted with 1-phenyl-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridinyl, optionally substituted indolyl, optionally substituted 1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazolyl, optionally substituted oxoindolinyl, optionally substituted benzoimidazolyl, optionally substituted pyridinyl (oxadiazolyl substituted with furanyl), 2-oxo-3,4-dihydroquinazolinyl, - C NR b R c, wherein R b is hydrogen or alkyl; and R c is optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl; or R 3 is hydrogen and R 3 is a group of formula (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), or (f): Z 1 is O, NH, or N optionally substituted with aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, or dialkylaminoalkyl; Z 2 is CH or N; A is N, C-H, or C-R d; each R d, when present, is independently halo, alkyl, optionally substituted alkoxy, or optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl and R e is amino or haloalkyl; or R 3 and R 3' are taken together with the carbon to which they are attached to form an optionally substituted 5 or 6 membered ring (g), (h), (i), (j); (k), or: wherein: Z 3 is CH 2 or NH; Z 4 is NR f or CR f, and R f is optionally substituted phenyl; Y is absent or is alkyl, -(C=O)-, -NR x -(C=O)-, or -(C=O)NR x -, -O-(C=O)-, -(C=O)O-, - NR x -(C=O)O-, or -O(C=O)NR x -, wherein R x is hydrogen or optionally substituted alkyl; R 4 is hydrogen, halo, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl; and when Y is -N(R x)-(C=O)-, or -(C=O)-N(R x)-, R x and R 4 can be joined together along with the atoms to which they are attached to form a 4, 5, or 6 membered ring, optionally containing 1 or 2 additional heteroatoms selected from N, S, and O.