A method of testing conformance to a video coding standard, the method comprising: obtaining, from a bitstream that comprises an encoded representation of video data, one or more syntax elements indicating a plurality of different partitioning schemes for an output layer set, wherein: the bitstream comprises a plurality of layers, the output layer set consists of all layers of the plurality of layers or a proper subset of the plurality of layers; for each respective partitioning scheme of the plurality of different partitioning schemes: the respective partitioning scheme specifies a division of the output layer set into one or more partitions, wherein each layer in the output layer set belongs to exactly one partition in the respective partitioning scheme; and for each respective partitioning scheme of the plurality of different partitioning schemes: obtaining, from a Supplemental Enhancement Information message in the bitstream or video usability information in a video parameter set in the bitstream, a respective set of syntax elements indicating hypothetical reference decoder parameter sets for the respective partitioning scheme; and for each respective partition of the respective partitioning scheme, testing, based on the HRD parameter sets for the respective partitioning schemes, the respective partition for conformance to the video coding standard. obtaining, from a bitstream that comprises an encoded representation of video data, one or more syntax elements indicating a plurality of different partitioning schemes for an output layer set, wherein: the bitstream comprises a plurality of layers, the output layer set consists of all layers of the plurality of layers or a proper subset of the plurality of layers; for each respective partitioning scheme of the plurality of different partitioning schemes: the respective partitioning scheme specifies a division of the output layer set into one or more partitions, wherein each layer in the output layer set belongs to exactly one partition in the respective partitioning scheme; and the bitstream comprises a plurality of layers, the output layer set consists of all layers of the plurality of layers or a proper subset of the plurality of layers; for each respective partitioning scheme of the plurality of different partitioning schemes: the respective partitioning scheme specifies a division of the output layer set into one or more partitions, wherein each layer in the output layer set belongs to exactly one partition in the respective partitioning scheme; and for each respective partitioning scheme of the plurality of different partitioning schemes: obtaining, from a Supplemental Enhancement Information message in the bitstream or video usability information in a video parameter set in the bitstream, a respective set of syntax elements indicating hypothetical reference decoder parameter sets for the respective partitioning scheme; and for each respective partition of the respective partitioning scheme, testing, based on the HRD parameter sets for the respective partitioning schemes, the respective partition for conformance to the video coding standard. obtaining, from a Supplemental Enhancement Information message in the bitstream or video usability information in a video parameter set in the bitstream, a respective set of syntax elements indicating hypothetical reference decoder parameter sets for the respective partitioning scheme; and for each respective partition of the respective partitioning scheme, testing, based on the HRD parameter sets for the respective partitioning schemes, the respective partition for conformance to the video coding standard.