A method for monitoring the operation of a machine generating vibrations, including: - a phase of learning the normal operation of the machine comprising the following steps: -- acquiring in the temporal domain a first vibratory signal generated by the machine; -- determining a first vibratory signature corresponding to the first vibratory signal; -- determining a first level of similarity between the first vibratory signature and each of the vibratory signatures saved in a knowledge base; -- comparing the first level of similarity with a predetermined first threshold; -- if the first level of similarity is lower than the first threshold, saving the vibratory signature in the knowledge base; the steps (E1 to E5) of the learning phase being periodically repeated so as to constitute the knowledge base; - a monitoring phase comprising the following steps: -- (E1') acquiring in the temporal domain a second vibratory signal generated by the machine; -- (E2') determining a second vibratory signature corresponding to the second vibratory signal; -- (E3') determining a second level of similarity between the second vibratory signature and each of the vibratory signatures saved in the knowledge base; -- (E4') comparing the second level of similarity with a predetermined second threshold; -- if the second level of similarity is lower than the second threshold, generating a warning, the second vibratory signature being considered as indicative of an anomaly; the steps (E1' to E7) of the monitoring phase being periodically repeated; the monitoring phase progressing in a standalone manner from the learning phase to the monitoring phase when the knowledge base is considered as being constituted. - a phase of learning the normal operation of the machine comprising the following steps: -- acquiring in the temporal domain a first vibratory signal generated by the machine; -- determining a first vibratory signature corresponding to the first vibratory signal; -- determining a first level of similarity between the first vibratory signature and each of the vibratory signatures saved in a knowledge base; -- comparing the first level of similarity with a predetermined first threshold; -- if the first level of similarity is lower than the first threshold, saving the vibratory signature in the knowledge base; the steps (E1 to E5) of the learning phase being periodically repeated so as to constitute the knowledge base; -- acquiring in the temporal domain a first vibratory signal generated by the machine; -- determining a first vibratory signature corresponding to the first vibratory signal; -- determining a first level of similarity between the first vibratory signature and each of the vibratory signatures saved in a knowledge base; -- comparing the first level of similarity with a predetermined first threshold; -- if the first level of similarity is lower than the first threshold, saving the vibratory signature in the knowledge base; the steps (E1 to E5) of the learning phase being periodically repeated so as to constitute the knowledge base; - a monitoring phase comprising the following steps: -- (E1') acquiring in the temporal domain a second vibratory signal generated by the machine; -- (E2') determining a second vibratory signature corresponding to the second vibratory signal; -- (E3') determining a second level of similarity between the second vibratory signature and each of the vibratory signatures saved in the knowledge base; -- (E4') comparing the second level of similarity with a predetermined second threshold; -- if the second level of similarity is lower than the second threshold, generating a warning, the second vibratory signature being considered as indicative of an anomaly; the steps (E1' to E7) of the monitoring phase being periodically repeated; the monitoring phase progressing in a standalone manner from the learning phase to the monitoring phase when the knowledge base is considered as being constituted. -- (E1') acquiring in the temporal domain a second vibratory signal generated by the machine; -- (E2') determining a second vibratory signature corresponding to the second vibratory signal; -- (E3') determining a second level of similarity between the second vibratory signature and each of the vibratory signatures saved in the knowledge base; -- (E4') comparing the second level of similarity with a predetermined second threshold; -- if the second level of similarity is lower than the second threshold, generating a warning, the second vibratory signature being considered as indicative of an anomaly; the steps (E1' to E7) of the monitoring phase being periodically repeated; the monitoring phase progressing in a standalone manner from the learning phase to the monitoring phase when the knowledge base is considered as being constituted. the steps (E1' to E7) of the monitoring phase being periodically repeated; the monitoring phase progressing in a standalone manner from the learning phase to the monitoring phase when the knowledge base is considered as being constituted.