An optical network-on-chip, comprising an optical router and n-x+1 clusters, wherein each cluster comprises at least one node, at least one electrical router, n optical transceivers, and one main controller, wherein both n and x are positive integers, x is less than n, the node is configured to store or process an electrical signal, and the optical router is configured to route optical signals between different clusters; in a cluster, an electrical router is connected to at least one node, and the electrical router is separately connected to n optical transceivers, wherein each optical transceiver is configured to convert an electrical signal received from the electrical router into a first optical signal and send the first optical signal to the optical router, and convert a second optical signal received from the optical router into an electrical signal and send the second electrical signal to the electrical router; n optical transceivers in the cluster comprise n-x fixedly interconnected optical transceivers and x adaptively interconnected optical transceivers, wherein each fixedly interconnected optical transceiver is configured to establish, by using the optical router, a link to exchange an optical signal between the cluster and one cluster in other n-x clusters, and a different fixedly interconnected optical transceiver is configured to establish a link between the cluster and a different cluster in the other n-x clusters; and a main controller in the cluster is configured to: allocate x adaptively interconnected optical transceivers to k fixed links with the heaviest communication traffic according to a set rule and communication traffic of fixed links established by the n-x fixedly interconnected optical transceivers in the cluster; and for an adaptively interconnected optical transceiver in the x adaptively interconnected optical transceivers, after the adaptively interconnected optical transceiver is allocated to a link in the k fixed links with the heaviest communication traffic, control the adaptively interconnected optical transceiver to establish another link between two clusters connected by the fixed link, wherein no interference occurs between optical signals transmitted on different links, k is a positive integer, k is less than n-x, and communication traffic of a fixed link is an information amount received by a fixedly interconnected optical transceiver that establishes the fixed link and carried by an electrical signal from an electrical router in the cluster in which the fixedly interconnected optical transceiver is located. allocate x adaptively interconnected optical transceivers to k fixed links with the heaviest communication traffic according to a set rule and communication traffic of fixed links established by the n-x fixedly interconnected optical transceivers in the cluster; and for an adaptively interconnected optical transceiver in the x adaptively interconnected optical transceivers, after the adaptively interconnected optical transceiver is allocated to a link in the k fixed links with the heaviest communication traffic, control the adaptively interconnected optical transceiver to establish another link between two clusters connected by the fixed link, wherein no interference occurs between optical signals transmitted on different links, k is a positive integer, k is less than n-x, and communication traffic of a fixed link is an information amount received by a fixedly interconnected optical transceiver that establishes the fixed link and carried by an electrical signal from an electrical router in the cluster in which the fixedly interconnected optical transceiver is located.