An apparatus for controlling heat for rapid thermal processing of carbonaceous material, the apparatus comprising: a reheater configured to receive solids that include cooled inorganic heat carrier particles and char from a cyclone separator, the reheater containing a fluidized bubbling bed that comprises an oxygen-containing gas, inorganic heat carrier particles, and char and to operate at combustion conditions effective to burn the char into ash and heat the inorganic heat carrier particles to form heated inorganic particles; an inorganic particle cooler in fluid communication with the reheater to receive a first portion of the heated inorganic particles and configured to receive a cooling medium for indirect heat exchange with the first portion of the heated inorganic particles to form first partially-cooled heated inorganic particles and a heated cooling medium comprising heated air, wherein the reheater and the inorganic particle cooler are cooperatively configured to combine the first partially-cooled heated inorganic particles with a second portion of the heated inorganic particles in the reheater to form second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles; a reactor configured to (a) provide the solids including the cooled inorganic heat carrier particles and char to the cyclone separator and (b) receive the second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles from the reheater; and a dryer that is in fluid communication with the inorganic particle cooler to receive the heated air, and wherein the dryer is configured to receive the carbonaceous material and to remove water from the carbonaceous material with the heated air to form a water-depleted carbonaceous material; wherein the cooling medium comprises air and the inorganic particle cooler is configured to indirectly exchange heat from the first portion of the heated inorganic particles to the cooling medium to form the heated air, and wherein the reactor is configured to receive the water-depleted carbonaceous material and to rapidly pyrolyze the water-depleted carbonaceous material with the second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles. a reheater configured to receive solids that include cooled inorganic heat carrier particles and char from a cyclone separator, the reheater containing a fluidized bubbling bed that comprises an oxygen-containing gas, inorganic heat carrier particles, and char and to operate at combustion conditions effective to burn the char into ash and heat the inorganic heat carrier particles to form heated inorganic particles; an inorganic particle cooler in fluid communication with the reheater to receive a first portion of the heated inorganic particles and configured to receive a cooling medium for indirect heat exchange with the first portion of the heated inorganic particles to form first partially-cooled heated inorganic particles and a heated cooling medium comprising heated air, wherein the reheater and the inorganic particle cooler are cooperatively configured to combine the first partially-cooled heated inorganic particles with a second portion of the heated inorganic particles in the reheater to form second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles; a reactor configured to (a) provide the solids including the cooled inorganic heat carrier particles and char to the cyclone separator and (b) receive the second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles from the reheater; and a dryer that is in fluid communication with the inorganic particle cooler to receive the heated air, and wherein the dryer is configured to receive the carbonaceous material and to remove water from the carbonaceous material with the heated air to form a water-depleted carbonaceous material; wherein the cooling medium comprises air and the inorganic particle cooler is configured to indirectly exchange heat from the first portion of the heated inorganic particles to the cooling medium to form the heated air, and wherein the reactor is configured to receive the water-depleted carbonaceous material and to rapidly pyrolyze the water-depleted carbonaceous material with the second partially-cooled heated inorganic particles.