mgor/protobowl-11-13 huggingface dataset:
Category: Science
Question: Two brothers of this surname discovered piezoelectricity and a namesake point at which ferromagnetic materials become paramagnetic. One of those brothers explored the properties of the ore pitchblende with his wife. That wife later won a second Nobel Prize for her work isolating radium, and named the element polonium after her native country. For 10 points, give the last name of physicist Pierre and his wife Marie.
Answer: Curie [accept Pierre Curie; accept Marie Skłodowska Curie; accept (Paul-) Jacques Curie]

Curie may refer to:

Curie family, a family of distinguished scientists:

Jacques Curie (1856–1941), French physicist, Pierre's brother
Pierre Curie (1859–1906), French physicist and Nobel Prize winner, Marie's husband
Marie Skłodowska–Curie (1867–1934), Polish chemist and physicist, two-time Nobel Prize winner, Pierre's wife
Irène Joliot-Curie (1897–1956), French physicist and Nobel Prize winner, Pierre and Marie's daughter
Frédéric Joliot-Curie (1900–1958), French physicist and Nobel Prize winner, Irène's husband
Ève Curie (1904–2007), French-American journalist and pianist, Pierre and Marie's daughter
Henry Richardson Labouisse (1904–1987), American diplomat and director of UNICEF, Ève's husband
Category: Religion
Question: According to the Koran, all angels, except Satan, prostrated themselves before this figure due to his knowledge. He was cursed to "eat bread until he returned to the ground." In the New Testament, he is seen as the source of death for all men. His transgression is revealed to God when he is seen wearing a fig leaf. His rib was used to make his wife, Eve. For 10 points, name this Biblical figure, the first man.
Answer: Adam

Adam is the name given in Genesis 1–5 to the first human. Adam is the first human-being aware of God, and features as such in various belief systems (including Judaism, Gnosticism, Christianity, and Islam).
According to Christianity, Adam sinned in the Garden of Eden by eating from the Tree of Knowledge. This action introduced death and sin into the world. This sinful nature infected all his descendants, and led humanity to be expelled from the Garden. Only through the Crucifixion of Jesus, humanity can be redeemed.
In Islam, Adam is considered Khalifa (خليفة) (successor) on earth. This is understood to mean either that he is God's deputy, the initiation of a new cycle of sentient life on earth, or both. Similar to the account in the Bible, according to the Quran, Adam is placed in a Garden. Tempted by the Tree of Immortality, he sins and loses his abode in the Garden. When Adam repents from his sin, he is forgiven by God. This is seen as a guidance for human-life, who sin, become aware of their mistake, and repent.
In Gnostic belief-systems, the bodily creation of Adam is viewed in a negative light. Due to the underlying demonization of matter, Gnostic cosmologies depict the body as a form of prison of Adam's soul. This soul would have been transferred by Sophia (wisdom) onto the creator (Demiurge) of the material world, who in turn is tricked into blowing the soul into a body.
Category: Science
Question: This term describes a type of friction whose coefficient is usually larger than that of kinetic friction. It describes a type of equilibrium in which the net torque and net force both equal zero, resulting in a motionless object. A buildup of charge on the surface of an object creates this type of electricity. For 10 points, give this six-letter term also denoting the noise emitted by a mistuned radio or television.
Answer: static

Glenn Branca (October 6, 1948 – May 13, 2018) was an American avant-garde composer, guitarist, and luthier. Known for his use of volume, alternative guitar tunings, repetition, droning, and the harmonic series, he was a driving force behind the genres of no wave, totalism and noise rock. Branca received a 2009 Foundation for Contemporary Arts Grants to Artists Award.
Category: Mythology
Question: This man's ship was saved from destruction after Orpheus used his lyre to drown out the Sirens' singing. This man plowed a field with bronze, fire-breathing bulls and then sowed the teeth of a dragon into that field in order to retrieve an item that was made from the (*) ram that saved Phrixus and Helle. For 10 points, name this lover of Medea who led the Argonauts in the quest for the Golden Fleece.
Answer: Jason [or {Iason}]

Jason ( JAY-sən; Greek: Ἰάσων, translit. Iásōn [i.ǎːsɔːn]) was an ancient Greek mythological hero and leader of the Argonauts, whose quest for the Golden Fleece is featured in Greek literature. He was the son of Aeson, the rightful king of Iolcos. He was married to the sorceress Medea, the granddaughter of the sungod Helios. He was also the great-grandson of the messenger god Hermes, through his mother's side.
Jason appeared in various literary works in the classical world of Greece and Rome, including the epic poem Argonautica and the tragedy Medea. In the modern world, Jason has emerged as a character in various adaptations of his myths, such as the 1963 film Jason and the Argonauts and the 2000 TV miniseries of the same name.
Category: Literature
Question: This man's nonfiction work A Footnote to History includes firsthand accounts of civil war in Samoa. He wrote a story in which Dr. Lanyon dies from shock after seeing a respectable doctor turn into the murderer Edward Hyde. This man's novel Catriona (kuh-TREE-nuh) is a sequel to a work about David Balfour, and another of his works features the pirate Long John Silver. For 10 points, name this author of Kidnapped and Treasure Island.
Answer: Robert Louis Balfour {Stevenson}

Robert Louis Stevenson (born Robert Lewis Balfour Stevenson; 13 November 1850 – 3 December 1894) was a Scottish novelist, essayist, poet and travel writer. He is best known for works such as Treasure Island, Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, Kidnapped and A Child's Garden of Verses.
Born and educated in Edinburgh, Stevenson suffered from serious bronchial trouble for much of his life but continued to write prolifically and travel widely in defiance of his poor health. As a young man, he mixed in London literary circles, receiving encouragement from Sidney Colvin, Andrew Lang, Edmund Gosse, Leslie Stephen and W. E. Henley, the last of whom may have provided the model for Long John Silver in Treasure Island. In 1890, he settled in Samoa where, alarmed at increasing European and American influence in the South Sea islands, his writing turned from romance and adventure fiction toward a darker realism. He died of a stroke in his island home in 1894 at age 44.
A celebrity in his lifetime, Stevenson's critical reputation has fluctuated since his death, though today his works are held in general acclaim. In 2018, he was ranked just behind Charles Dickens as the 26th-most-translated author in the world.
Category: Science
Question: Two of these entities are responsible for the Great Rift Valley located in East Africa. Subduction zones are found along them. Several of them are responsible for the area of volcanic activity known as the Ring of Fire, though movement along them more famously causes earthquakes. For 10 points, identify these gaps in the Earth's crust, which include one in California called the San Andreas.
Answer: {fault}

In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock across which there has been significant displacement as a result of rock-mass movements. Large faults within Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forces, with the largest forming the boundaries between the plates, such as the megathrust faults of subduction zones or transform faults. Energy release associated with rapid movement on active faults is the cause of most earthquakes. Faults may also displace slowly, by aseismic creep.
A fault plane is the plane that represents the fracture surface of a fault. A fault trace or fault line is a place where the fault can be seen or mapped on the surface. A fault trace is also the line commonly plotted on geologic maps to represent a fault.
A fault zone is a cluster of parallel faults. However, the term is also used for the zone of crushed rock along a single fault. Prolonged motion along closely spaced faults can blur the distinction, as the rock between the faults is converted to fault-bound lenses of rock and then progressively crushed.
Category: Literature
Question: One of this work's title characters crashes a party in an attempt to win the love of Rosaline. At that party he meets the other title character, who is the cousin of Tybalt. At the end of this play, Prince Escalus pronounces peace in Verona between the two central families. For 10 points, name this play about the feud between the Montagues and Capulets, written by William Shakespeare.
Answer: Romeo and Juliet

Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about the romance between two Italian youths from feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.
Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an Italian tale written by Matteo Bandello and translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1567. Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, in particular Mercutio and Paris. Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. The text of the first quarto version was of poor quality, however, and later editions corrected the text to conform more closely with Shakespeare's original.
Shakespeare's use of poetic dramatic structure (including effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, the expansion of minor characters, and numerous sub-plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill. The play ascribes different poetic forms to different characters, sometimes changing the form as the character develops. Romeo, for example, grows more adept at the sonnet over the course of the play.
Romeo and Juliet has been adapted numerous times for stage, film, musical, and opera venues. During the English Restoration, it was revived and heavily revised by William Davenant. David Garrick's 18th-century version also modified several scenes, removing material then considered indecent, and Georg Benda's Romeo und Julie omitted much of the action and used a happy ending. Performances in the 19th century, including Charlotte Cushman's, restored the original text and focused on greater realism. John Gielgud's 1935 version kept very close to Shakespeare's text and used Elizabethan costumes and staging to enhance the drama. In the 20th and into the 21st century, the play has been adapted to film in versions as diverse as George Cukor's Romeo and Juliet (1936), Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet (1968), Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996), and Carlo Carlei's Romeo and Juliet (2013).
Category: Literature
Question: The title character of this work is hired on as a burglar after unknowingly advertising for a job through a mark on his door. In this work, an attempt is made to reclaim family treasure and avenge the deaths of the villagers of Dale by a group of (*) dwarves. The dwarves are aided by a wizard named Gandalf, and a less-obviously powerful character named Bilbo. For 10 points, name this novel written by J.R.R. Tolkien.
Answer: The Hobbit

The Hobbit, or There and Back Again is a children's fantasy novel by the English author J. R. R. Tolkien. It was published in 1937 to wide critical acclaim, being nominated for the Carnegie Medal and awarded a prize from the New York Herald Tribune for best juvenile fiction. The book is recognized as a classic in children's literature and is one of the best-selling books of all time, with over 100 million copies sold.
The Hobbit is set in Middle-earth and follows home-loving Bilbo Baggins, the hobbit of the title, who joins the wizard Gandalf and the thirteen dwarves of Thorin's Company, on a quest to reclaim the dwarves' home and treasure from the dragon Smaug. Bilbo's journey takes him from his peaceful rural surroundings into more sinister territory.
The story is told in the form of a picaresque or episodic quest; several chapters introduce a new type of monster or threat as Bilbo progresses through the landscape. Bilbo gains a new level of maturity, competence, and wisdom by accepting the disreputable, romantic, fey, and adventurous sides of his nature and applying his wits and common sense. The story reaches its climax in the Battle of Five Armies, where many of the characters and creatures from earlier chapters re-emerge to engage in conflict. Personal growth and forms of heroism are central themes of the story, along with motifs of warfare. These themes have led critics to view Tolkien's own experiences during World War I as instrumental in shaping the story. The author's scholarly knowledge of Germanic philology and interest in mythology and fairy tales are often noted as influences, but more recent fiction including adventure stories and the works of William Morris also played a part.
The publisher was encouraged by the book's critical and financial success and, therefore, requested a sequel. As Tolkien's work progressed on its successor, The Lord of the Rings, he made retrospective accommodations for it in The Hobbit. These few but significant changes were integrated into the second edition. Further editions followed with minor emendations, including those reflecting Tolkien's changing concept of the world into which Bilbo stumbled. The work has never been out of print. Its ongoing legacy encompasses many adaptations for stage, screen, radio, board games, and video games. Several of these adaptations have received critical recognition on their own merits.
Category: History
Question: When James Madison revised this, it called for 7-year terms of office for Senators and 3-years terms for House members. Proposed by Edmund Randolph as 15 resolutions, more notable aspects of this plan included three branches of government and representation determined by population for both Houses. (*) For 10 points, identify this plan of government, named for the home state of Madison and Randolph, as well as Thomas Jefferson.
Answer: Virginia Plan

The Virginia Plan (also known as the Randolph Plan or the Large-State Plan) was a proposed plan of government for the United States presented at the Constitutional Convention of 1787. The plan called for the creation of a supreme national government with three branches and a bicameral legislature. The plan was drafted by James Madison and Edmund Randolph. 
The Virginia Plan was notable for its role in setting the overall agenda for debate in the Convention and, in particular, for setting forth the idea of population-weighted representation in the proposed national legislature. The Virginia Plan favored the interests of states with large populations, and the New Jersey Plan was proposed in response to protect small state interests.
Category: Literature
Question: In this novel, Bonnie Blue dies while trying to jump a fence with her horse. Its protagonist stays in love with the owner of the Twelve Oaks plantation, Ashley Wilkes, even while she is married to the Confederate blockade runner Rhett Butler. It largely takes place on the plantation Tara. For 10 points, name this Margaret Mitchell novel about the Southern beauty Scarlett O'Hara.
Answer: {Gone With the Wind}

Gone with the Wind most often refers to:

Gone with the Wind (novel), a 1936 novel by Margaret Mitchell
Gone with the Wind (film), the 1939 adaptation of the novel
Gone with the Wind may also refer to:
Category: Literature
Question: This play's opening brawl is started by Gregory and Samson. Later in this play, Friar John fails to deliver a letter written by Friar Lawrence. Mercutio is killed by Tybalt in Act III of this play. This play features the feud between the Montagues (“MON-tay-gyooz”) and the Capulets. For 10 points, name this Shakespeare tragedy, depicting a doomed romance between the two title “star-crossed lovers.”
Answer: {Romeo} and {Juliet}

Romeo and Juliet is a tragedy written by William Shakespeare early in his career about the romance between two Italian youths from feuding families. It was among Shakespeare's most popular plays during his lifetime and, along with Hamlet, is one of his most frequently performed. Today, the title characters are regarded as archetypal young lovers.
Romeo and Juliet belongs to a tradition of tragic romances stretching back to antiquity. The plot is based on an Italian tale written by Matteo Bandello and translated into verse as The Tragical History of Romeus and Juliet by Arthur Brooke in 1562 and retold in prose in Palace of Pleasure by William Painter in 1567. Shakespeare borrowed heavily from both but expanded the plot by developing a number of supporting characters, in particular Mercutio and Paris. Believed to have been written between 1591 and 1595, the play was first published in a quarto version in 1597. The text of the first quarto version was of poor quality, however, and later editions corrected the text to conform more closely with Shakespeare's original.
Shakespeare's use of poetic dramatic structure (including effects such as switching between comedy and tragedy to heighten tension, the expansion of minor characters, and numerous sub-plots to embellish the story) has been praised as an early sign of his dramatic skill. The play ascribes different poetic forms to different characters, sometimes changing the form as the character develops. Romeo, for example, grows more adept at the sonnet over the course of the play.
Romeo and Juliet has been adapted numerous times for stage, film, musical, and opera venues. During the English Restoration, it was revived and heavily revised by William Davenant. David Garrick's 18th-century version also modified several scenes, removing material then considered indecent, and Georg Benda's Romeo und Julie omitted much of the action and used a happy ending. Performances in the 19th century, including Charlotte Cushman's, restored the original text and focused on greater realism. John Gielgud's 1935 version kept very close to Shakespeare's text and used Elizabethan costumes and staging to enhance the drama. In the 20th and into the 21st century, the play has been adapted to film in versions as diverse as George Cukor's Romeo and Juliet (1936), Franco Zeffirelli's Romeo and Juliet (1968), Baz Luhrmann's Romeo + Juliet (1996), and Carlo Carlei's Romeo and Juliet (2013).
Category: Science
Question: Both Globular Cluster M54, the center of this constellation's namesake dwarf elliptical galaxy, and a possible supermassive black hole at the center of the Milky Way are found in this constellation. Unusually, its brightest star is its epsilon star, Kaus Australis, found in its Milk Dipper, or Teapot, asterism. For 10 points, name this constellation found between Ophiucus and Capricorn, which depicts an archer.
Answer: Sagittarius

Sagittarius is one of the constellations of the zodiac and is located in the Southern celestial hemisphere.   It is one of the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd-century astronomer Ptolemy and remains one of the 88 modern constellations. Its old astronomical symbol is  (♐︎). Its name is Latin for "archer". Sagittarius is commonly represented as a centaur drawing a bow.  It lies between Scorpius and Ophiuchus to the west and Capricornus and Microscopium to the east.
The center of the Milky Way lies in the westernmost part of Sagittarius (see Sagittarius A).
Category: Literature
Question: The protagonist of this novel suffers a head wound when asking for news from a retreating column. His friend Wilson cares for that head wound after his return to camp, a kindness the protagonist had not shown for the "Tattered Man" and Jim Conklin after they earned the titular mark. For 10 points, identify this novel that follows Henry Fleming as he participates in the Civil War, a work by Stephen Crane.
Answer: The Red Badge of Courage

The Red Badge of Courage is a war novel by American author Stephen Crane (1871–1900). Taking place during the American Civil War, the story is about a young private of the Union Army, Henry Fleming, who flees from the field of battle. Overcome with shame, he longs for a wound, a "red badge of courage", to counteract his cowardice. When his regiment once again faces the enemy, Henry acts as flag-bearer, carrying the regimental colors.
Although Crane was born after the war, and had not at the time experienced battle first-hand, the novel is known for its realism and naturalism. He began writing what would become his second novel in 1894, using various contemporary and written accounts (such as those published previously by Century Magazine) as inspiration. It is believed that he based the fictional battle on that of Chancellorsville; he may also have interviewed veterans of the 124th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment, commonly known as the Orange Blossoms. Initially shortened and serialized in newspapers in December 1894, the novel was published in full in October 1895. A longer version of the work, based on Crane's original manuscript, was published in 1982.
The novel is known for its distinctive style, which includes realistic battle sequences as well as the repeated use of color imagery, and ironic tone. Separating itself from a traditional war narrative, Crane's story reflects the inner experience of its protagonist (a soldier fleeing from combat) rather than the external world around him. Also notable for its use of what Crane called a "psychological portrayal of fear", the novel's allegorical and symbolic qualities are often debated by critics. Several of the themes that the story explores are maturation, heroism, cowardice, and the indifference of nature. The Red Badge of Courage garnered widespread acclaim, what H. G. Wells called "an orgy of praise", shortly after its publication, making Crane an instant celebrity at the age of twenty-four. The novel and its author did have their initial detractors, however, including author and veteran Ambrose Bierce. Adapted several times for the screen, the novel became a bestseller. Never out of print, it is Crane's most important work and a major American text.
Category: Science
Question: The IBM Model M is a particularly highly regarded example of this type of device. They sometimes use the Dvorak layout, but the most popular arrangement for them was designed by Christopher Sholes and is deliberately inefficient to avoid (*) jamming. For 10 points, name these devices that often use the QWERTY [KWUR-tee] layout, and are used to enter numbers and letters into a computer.
Answer: (computer or typewriter) {keyboards}

A computer keyboard is a peripheral input device modeled after the typewriter keyboard which uses an arrangement of buttons or keys to act as mechanical levers or electronic switches. Replacing early punched cards and paper tape technology, interaction via teleprinter-style keyboards have been the main input method for computers since the 1970s, supplemented by the computer mouse since the 1980s.
Keyboard keys (buttons) typically have a set of characters engraved or printed on them, and each press of a key typically corresponds to a single written symbol. However, producing some symbols may require pressing and holding several keys simultaneously or in sequence. 
While most keys produce characters (letters, numbers or symbols), other keys (such as the escape key) can prompt the computer to execute system commands. In a modern computer, the interpretation of key presses is generally left to the software: the information sent to the computer, the scan code, tells it only which physical key (or keys) was pressed or released.
In normal usage, the keyboard is used as a text entry interface for typing text, numbers, and symbols into application software such as a word processor, web browser or social media app. Touchscreens use virtual keyboards.