Category: History
Question: The founding of this nation was promised in the Balfour Declaration. David Ben-Gurion was the first prime minister of this nation, which has been governed by the Kadima (“kuh-DEEM-uh”) and Likud (“lie-KOOD”) parties. It fought Egypt and Syria in the Six-Day War and signed the Camp David accords with Egypt. For 10 points, name this Middle Eastern nation, founded by Zionists to create a Jewish state.
Answer: {Israel}

Israel, officially the State of Israel, is a country in the Southern Levant, West Asia. It is bordered by Lebanon and Syria to the north, the West Bank and Jordan to the east, Egypt, the Gaza Strip and the Red Sea to the south, and the Mediterranean Sea to the west. Tel Aviv is the country's financial, economic, and technological center. Israel's governmental seat is in its proclaimed capital of Jerusalem, though recognition of Israeli sovereignty over East Jerusalem is limited internationally.
Israel is in a region known historically as Canaan, Palestine, and the Holy Land. It was home to Canaanite city-states, then Israelite and Judahite kingdoms, and is referred to as the Land of Israel in Jewish tradition. Situated at a continental crossroad, the region was then ruled by various empires. Amid European antisemitism, the late 19th century saw the rise of Zionism, which sought a Jewish homeland, and received British support in World War I. British occupation led to the establishment of Mandatory Palestine in 1920. Jewish immigration, combined with British colonial policy, led to intercommunal conflict between Jews and Arabs and the 1947 UN Partition Plan triggered civil war between them.
The State of Israel declared its establishment on 14 May 1948, at the end of the British mandate. The next day, armies of neighboring Arab states invaded, starting the First Arab–Israeli War. The Palestinians were expelled or made to flee, by paramilitaries and the IDF, an explusion known as the Nakba. Israel received an influx of immigration from Jews expelled or who had fled from the Muslim world. The 1949 Armistice Agreements established Israel's borders over most of the former Mandate territory. The West Bank and Gaza Strip, were taken by Jordan and Egypt respectively. During and following World War II, Israel received European Jews displaced by the Holocaust. The 1967 Six-Day War saw Israel occupy the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Egyptian Sinai Peninsula and Syrian Golan Heights. Israel has established and continues to expand settlements across the occupied territories, which is deemed illegal under international law, and has annexed East Jerusalem and the Golan Heights, which is largely unrecognized internationally. Since the 1973 Yom Kippur War, Israel has signed peace treaties with Egypt, returning the Sinai Peninsula, and Jordan, and into the 2020s has normalized relations with several Arab countries. However, efforts to resolve the Israeli–Palestinian conflict have not succeeded. Israel has been internationally criticised in its occupation of the Palestinian territories, and been accused of committing war crimes and crimes against humanity against the Palestinians, by human rights organizations and UN officials.
The country has a parliamentary system elected by proportional representation. The prime minister is head of government, and elected by the Knesset, a unicameral legislature. Israel has one of the biggest economies in the Middle East, it is one of the richest in the Middle East and Asia, and an OECD member since 2010. It has one of the highest standards of living in the Middle East and Asia, and ranks as one of the most advanced countries.