MacCullagh found that a squared function proportional to the known norm of the displacement field was incompatible with conventional potential properties of light waves . MacCullagh found that a squared function that is proportional to the known norm of the shift field was incompatible with conventional potential properties of light waves .
MacCullagh mendapati bahawa fungsi kuasa dua berkadar dengan norma medan anjakan yang diketahui tidak serasi dengan sifat-sifat potensi konvensional gelombang cahaya. MacCullagh mendapati bahawa fungsi kuasa dua yang berkadar dengan norma yang diketahui medan peralihan tidak serasi dengan sifat-sifat potensi konvensional gelombang cahaya.