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Daily Archives: March 23, 2012
March 23, 2012
DR. ZULKIFLI HASAN
Arab Spring leaves fertile ground for growth of Islamic finance
Arab Spring leaves fertile ground for growth of Islamic finance
By Charlotte Kan Available at:
http://www.zawya.com/story.cfm/sidZAWYA20120322043907/A_Shariah_Spring
In the countries swept by the Arab Spring, recent elections were dominated by Islamist parties. This will further encourage the development of the Islamic finance market, experts believe.
“The recent free elections in a number of the affected countries have shown a desire by the people to organise their financial affairs in a manner that reflects their religious beliefs,” notes Tariq Hameed, managing associate at Simmons & Simmons in Dubai.
In a report entitled “Blue Print for Islamic Finance Following the Arab Spring” published in February 2012, Hameed notes that the parties winning the most seats in the recent elections in Tunisia, Morocco, Egypt and Libya have all stated their support for Islamic finance.
“The countries affected by the Arab Spring will be expected to deliver economic solutions that directly affect the people that recently voted for them,” he argues.
Apart from the desire of the population to move towards a more religious society, there are several reasons why Islamic finance should proliferate in the countries that witnessed the protests of the Arab Spring.
First: the current lack of banking facilities.
A 2010 study by Dr Dhafer Saidane for the United Nations notes the proportion of people with access to banking services in some North African countries is extremely low – approximately 25% in Morocco and 33% in Tunisia.
Hameed notes only 10% of Egyptians have access to a bank. “There was a lack of offerings,” he says. “Many didn’t engage with the conventional banking system.”
For the new governments ready to introduce their people into the financial system, Islamic banking therefore represents an attractive alternative to the ‘conventional’, distrusted Western banking system.
“Introducing Shariah-compliant current and savings accounts would therefore be important to draw people into the financial system,” Hameed says.
In Tunisia, the country where the Arab Spring movement allegedly started in December 2010 in the wake of Mohamed Bouazizi’s self-immolation in protest of police corruption and ill treatment, steps have already been taken to develop Islamic banking and finance.
In its Finance Act 2012, Nahda, the Islamist party which has claimed victory in Tunisia’s October 2011 elections, has incorporated several changes to facilitate the spread of Islamic finance practices, including a special taxation framework for Islamic banking and the introduction of a regulatory framework for Islamic bonds.
The Tunisian government not only supports the development of Islamic finance, but also sees it as a tool to turn the country into a finance hub in North Africa.
In reality, the industry in the region is up for grabs. Islamic finance has so far failed to take off in North Africa, which currently has less than a 1% share of global Islamic banking assets, according to a report by consultancy McKinsey.
“There are three factors that account for the relative underdevelopment of Islamic banking in North Africa; first the limited development of retail banking generally; second the lack of knowledge of Islamic banking amongst potential clients; and third the absence of (the former) government support,” said the African Development Bank in a report on Islamic Banking and Finance in North Africa published late last year.
So with governments across North Africa now openly supporting Islamic Finance, this is likely to change.
Away from retail and commercial banking, one opportunity could come from the development in Islamic microfinance offerings, Hameed notes, as institutions will have to serve demand from rural communities and micro-enterprises.
“The same institution could also provide the community with Islamic micro-insurance (micro-Takaful) to help low-income families to protect against health risks and micro enterprises to protect against property risks,” Hameed adds.
Islamic finance could also provide an answer to the need for infrastructure projects, with successful Islamic financing of infrastructure projects already in existence in Bahrain, Saudi Arabia and Bangladesh, Hameed notes.
“Islamic finance can play a prime role in financing big projects in North Africa that require large investments and significant borrowing volumes,” said Tunisia’s former finance minister, Jalloul Ayed, during a July 2011 summit on Islamic finance opportunities in North Africa.
Tunisia itself has financing needs of around USD 40 billion over the next five years, Ayed said, and could soon create a sovereign fund called “Fund for the Generations”.
There is a substantial need for project finance in North Africa given the poor state of much of the region’s infrastructure. Existing Islamic project financing covering 24 schemes in North Africa worth over USD 2.4 billion has already been approved, according to the African Bank for Development.
The newly elected governments of Arab Spring countries know too well that investing in infrastructure and real estate – in particular, affordable housing, of which there is a severe shortage in North Africa, thus fueling growth and creating jobs – is the only to stabilize the region politically and enhance social cohesion.
Many experts believe Egypt will pave the way for the industry’s expansion in the region.
“Egypt will be a great force in steering Islamic finance in a different direction. We will see the development of new products as the market which Islamic finance will serve is a different clientele, and will be needed to solve different problems. Al Azhar University in Cairo should play a role in developing Islamic finance in the country,” argues Sahar Ata, a senior lecturer in Islamic finance at the London School of Business and Finance.
Egypt, the most populous state in the region, already has the highest proportion of Shariah-compliant assets in relation to total bank assets (around 5%). The country is “where Islamic finance has the greatest potential”, the African Development Bank said.
However, despite promising prospects, there remain challenges for the Islamic finance industry before the potential of these markets can be reaped, Hameed believes. Strengthening of consumer protection laws, clarifying governance, and establishing central Shariah boards for finance will have to be addressed, he argues.
Regards

ZULKIFLI HASAN
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Monthly Archives: February 2017
February 23, 2017
DR. ZULKIFLI HASAN
Announcing the Launch of My Newly Redesigned Website zulkiflihasan.com
Announcing the Launch of My Newly Redesigned Website
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Dear all,
I am very pleased to announce the released of my newly redesigned website zulkiflihasan.com. It is dedicated to publishing my writings and to provide relevant information that may be useful for interested parties. I welcome all of you and enjoy reading all the information, my opinion, thoughts and academic writings. I will update the information and upload my recent writings and publication for your reading pleasure.
With this newly designed website, my weblog zulkiflihasan.wordpress.com will no longer be updated and all readers and followers may surf directly to zulkiflihasan.com.
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BLOG OF KNOWLEDGE (Shari'ah, Law, Islamic Finance and Muslim News)
Shari'ah, Law, Islamic Finance and Muslim News
August 11, 2015
DR. ZULKIFLI HASAN
Letter from Yusuf al Qaradawi to the Government of Malaysia
Surat Samahah al-Shaykh Yusuf al-Qaradawi kepada Anwar Ibrahim dan Kerajaan Malaysia. (Terjemahan Marwan Bukhari)
Segala puji bagi Allah, selawat dan salam ke atas Rasulullah, keluarga, sahabat dan sesiapa yang mengikuti petunjukNya.

Sesungguhnya Malaysia sebuah negara yang dicintai kami, besar untuk kami dan ada tempat di sisi kami.
Malaysia ada kenangan indah pada diri kami, kecintaan yang benar di hati kami dan kedudukan yang tinggi di akal kami. Hubungan yang erat dan ziarah yang kerap menghimpunkan kami dengan rakyat Malaysia. Sesungguhnya jiwa kami menjadi gembira setiap kali kami melihat Malaysia menuju ketinggian dan kemajuan dalam berbagai-bagai lapangan. Kami berdoa kepada Allah untuk Malaysia, rakyat, kerajaan dan Rajanya; semoga Allah mengekalkan kepada mereka jalan pembangunan dan kemurahan, ikatan dan persaudaraan.
Namun begitu, kami bercita-cita supaya ufuk yang melewati keterbukaan pendidikan dan ekonomi, sosial dan keilmuan, turut merangkumi keterbukaan politik. Begitu juga, agar Kerajaan Malaysia tidak memandang kepada pihak yang membangkangnya sebagaimana pandangan negara-negara Dunia Ketiga. Pembangkang merupakan satu bahagian utama dari komponen negara dalam sistem demokrasi. Ia merupakan teras keamanan demi memelihara kesatuan negara dan kestabilannya, selain supaya para pemuda tidak pergi kepada pemikiran yang melampau dan aliran ekstremisme.
Saya berkata demikian, berdasarkan apa yang sedang dilalui saudara dan sahabat kami, yang dimuliakan Anwar Ibrahim. Beliau telah berdiri dengan peranan yang hebat, hasil yang besar dan usaha yang baik, yang mana negara Malaysia dan seluruh rakyatnya telah memperoleh manfaat dari usaha itu.
Sebagaimana manusia lain, saya mengikuti tuduhan yang aneh terhadap Anwar. Tuduhan itu tidak selari dengan usianya, akhlak, kehidupan beragama, sejarah dan kedudukannya. Demikian juga situasi dan kepelikan di sekelilingnya. Beliau telah dibuktikan tidak bersalah dalam satu penghakiman, kemudian dihukum bersalah dalam satu penghakiman terakhir, hal tersebut berlaku setelah tiada bukti dan telah berlalu satu tempoh yang tidak mungkin boleh dibuktikan lagi.
Sesungguhnya saya mengenali Anwar Ibrahim sewaktu beliau pada awal usia mudanya, bangun menentang pemerintahan yang lalu dan kemudian memimpin belia Malaysia (Angkatan Belia Islam Malaysia (ABIM)). Kemudian kami mengenalinya ketika beliau dipenjara angkara penentangannya (terhadap kerajaan) dan kami mengenalinya selepas beliau dibebaskan dari penjara dan menyertai UMNO. Beliau memimpin beberapa Kementerian, sehingga menjadi orang nombor dua di dalam parti dan kerajaan.
Anwar Ibrahim banyak kali menjemput saya dalam merapatkan (hubungan) antara Parti Islam dan UMNO, saya menyambutnya, kerana saya menyeru kepada kekuatan, kesatuan dan jalan yang lurus buat Malaysia. Saya bersama-sama Anwar Ibrahim saling bekerjasama dalam membangunkan Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM), yang mana tertegak atas dasar integrasi ilmu wahyu, sains dan kemanusiaan.
Saya mengenalinya semasa beliau sedang bersinar di Malaysia, dunia Arab dan di Barat, ketika itu beliau merupakan Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Kewangan Malaysia. Beliau merupakan salah seorang pemimpin terhebat Malaysia di era ini, salah seorang yang menyumbang kepada kebangkitan negara. Dunia pada masa itu menantinya untuk menjadi Perdana Menteri, pemimpin Malaysia bagi era baru, (namun ia tidak berlaku) angkara kerosakan politik yang menimpa kita.
Saya menganggapnya sebagai seorang Muslim yang benar, mukmin yang istiqamah, menunaikan kewajipan, menjauhi dosa-dosa besar dan perbuatan yang haram. Beliau beramal untuk kemuliaan agamanya, ketinggian negara dan khidmat kepada rakyatnya. Allah lah yang layak menilainya, saya tidak layak menilainya di hadapan Allah.
Hari ini, Anwar Ibrahim merupakan satu-satunya orang politik yang telah dan sedang ditimpa dengan kes-kes yang meragukan, dan beliau dipenjara satu demi satu. Kalau saya meragui akan perbuatannya pada apa yang dituduh, pasti saya tidak menulis seperti apa yang ditulis sekarang.
Sebenarnya, saya boleh untuk berdiam dari apa yang sedang dideritai Anwar Ibrahim di penjara. Namun pengiktirafan kepada beliau, pengetahuan akannya dan kejujurannya, selain kerana nasihat ikhlas daripada saya kepada rakyat dan kerajaan Malaysia; (semua itu) menghalang saya untuk tidak berpihak dari topik ini.
Bahkan itu mewajibkan saya untuk menyampaikan seruan kepada Duli Yang Maha Mulia, Yang Dipertuan Agong, Sultan Abdul Halim. Demikian juga kepada Yang Amat Berhormat Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib Tun Abdul Razak; Perdana Menteri Malaysia, supaya memberikan pengampunan kepada Anwar Ibrahim. Lebih-lebih lagi isu ini tidak berlaku pada zaman Perdana Menteri sekarang; (PM sekarang) seorang yang saya telah temui dan berutus surat dengannya, saya membantunya dan saya telah menjaga hubungan dengannya. Saya mengiranya dengan izin Allah akan menyambut seruan ini.
Saya menyeru agar kita menutup episod lalu yang mana ia menyakitkan negara Malaysia dan para pimpinannya. Demi Allah, sesungguhnya saya sangat ingin menyatukan rakyat negara Malaysia, bahkan menyatukan seluruh umat Islam.
Dan sesungguhnya agama Islam ini ialah agama kamu, agama yang satu asas pokoknya, dan Akulah Tuhan kamu; maka bertaqwalah kamu kepadaKu.

(Al-Mukminun: 52)

“Dan berpegang teguhlah kamu sekalian kepada tali Allah (agama Islam), dan janganlah kamu bercerai-berai…”

(Al-i-’Imran: 103)

“… dan janganlah kamu berbantah-bantahan; kalau tidak nescaya kamu menjadi lemah semangat dan hilang kekuatan kamu, dan sabarlah (menghadapi segala kesukaran dengan cekal hati); sesungguhnya Allah beserta orang-orang yang sabar.”

(Al-Anfal: 46)
Ya Allah, satukan lah suara kami di dalam hidayahMu, hati-hati kami atas ketakwaan padaMu, jiwa-jiwa kami atas kasih sayangMu, dan (satukan) azam-azam kami untuk meneruskan kebaikan dan sebaik-baik amal. Amin.

Yusuf al-Qaradawi

Pengerusi, Kesatuan Ulama Sedunia
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3 thoughts on “Letter from Yusuf al Qaradawi to the Government of Malaysia”
Aiman Achim says:
August 11, 2015 at 8:18 am

Reblogged this on
Pena Musafir
and commented:

Subhanallah… Ulama’ unggul era ini juga sangat peka dan ambil berat dengan Negara Malaysia yang kita cintai ini.

Reply

Aiman Achim says:
August 11, 2015 at 8:21 am

Assalamualaikum tuan. Terima kasih atas entri yang bernilai ini. Moga Allah permudahkan segala urusan tuan dan memanjangkan umur tuan untuk menulis lebih banyak entri yang berkualiti lagi.

Saya ada permintaan, bolehkah saya dapatkan sumber arab/website yang post artikel ini? Terima kasih

Barakallahu feek..

Reply

DR. ZULKIFLI HASAN says:
August 12, 2015 at 1:08 am

http://qaradawi.net/new/takareer/8107-2015-08-10-08-34-44

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3 thoughts on “My Guidance”
JEH says:
April 21, 2009 at 11:39 am

Hi! I am studying business management and am doing research on Corporate Governance in Germany and Portugal. Please could you explain the two different systems: stakeholder oriented and shareholder oriented. Thank you very much.

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imran says:
November 11, 2011 at 3:44 pm

please give me e-mail and address of AL-Barakha Finance, Kerala

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Rhey says:
July 23, 2013 at 7:11 am

Terimakasih… Semoga Allah SWT membalasnya… Amin

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1

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Avwg Jerusalem in the Qur’an Ges Avgvi Ab¨vb¨ †jLvq e‡jwQ †h, `v¾v‡ji ÒGK w`b GK gv‡mi gZÓ
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gva¨‡g AviI ej‡Z cvwi †h, ÒGK w`b GK gv‡mi gZÓ †_‡K ÒGK w`b GK mßv‡ni gZÓ ch©v‡q cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z GKwU
eo hy× Aek¨¤¢vex, hvi cwiYwZ‡Z j¶ j¶ Rxe‡bi Aemvb NU‡Z cv‡i| AZx‡Zi AwfÁZv †_‡K Avgiv †`L‡Z cvB
†h wVK GKB NUbv N‡UwQj hLb `v¾vj ÒGK w`b GK eQ‡ii gZÓ †_‡K ÒGK w`b GK gv‡mi gZÓ ch©v‡q cÖ‡ek
K‡iwQj| Ges ỳtLRbK n‡jI g‡b n‡”Q †h GB hy× kxNªB ïiæ n‡e| GBiƒc djvdj †`Lv w`‡j, hviv GB †jLK‡K
mwVK c‡_ Av‡Qb (A_ev AšÍZ fzj c‡_ †bB) e‡j g‡b Ki‡Qb, Zviv wØavwef³I n‡eb bv wKsev n‡Zv`¨gI n‡eb bv|
†h cÖkœ wb‡q AvR‡Ki GB †jLv, Zvi DËi †`evi Rb¨ Zviv Aek¨B wb‡¤œv³ welq¸wj ¸iæZ¡ mnKv‡i we‡ePbvq Avb‡eb
─ K: Bmiv‡qj GL‡bv Zv‡`i BD‡iv-R~Bk †÷U‡K wN‡i _vKv Avie-gymwjg we‡k¦i Dci AvwacZ¨ we Í̄vi Ki‡Z
cv‡iwb; L: ZvIiv‡Z (wg_¨vfv‡e) ewY©Z mxgvbv Abyhvqx Bmiv‡qj GL‡bv Zvi ÒcweÎ f‚wgÓ-i mxgvbv‡K we Í̄…Z Ki‡Z
cv‡i wb; M: mgMÖ c„w_exi kvmbKvix †`k wn‡m‡e Bmiv‡qj GL‡bv BD-Gm-Gi ’̄vb wb‡Z cv‡i wb; Ges N: †Kvb Bûw`
GL‡bv wb‡R‡K cÖwZkÖæZ gwmn e‡j `vwe K‡i wb|

AZGe, Lye mn‡RB eySv hvq †h, wVK GLbB Bgvg Avj-gvnw`i AvMgb NU‡Z cv‡i bv| hw` Zv nq, Zvn‡j
†mUv n‡e Avgv‡`i we‡kølY-c×wZi mv‡_ msMwZnxb, †h c×wZ e¨envi K‡i Avgiv †kl mg‡qi mKj Z_¨‡K hyw³m½Z
fv‡e mvRvevi †Póv K‡iwQ| Avgv‡`i „̀wófw½ (Aek¨ AvjøvnB me‡P‡q fvj Rv‡bb) n‡”Q, Bgvg Avj-gvnw` ZLbB
Avwef©‚Z n‡eb hLb `v¾v‡ji ÒGKw`b GK mßv‡ni gZÓ †kl n‡e, Ges †m gvbyliƒ‡c Avgv‡`i mg‡qi MwÛi g‡a¨
cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| Gi KviY n‡”Q: Bgvg Avj-eyLvixi mnxn nv`xmMÖ‡š’i gva¨‡g Avgiv Rvb‡Z cvwi †h, Bgvg Avj-gvnw`i
AvMgb Ges nhiZ Cmv (Avt)-Gi c„w_ex‡Z wd‡i Avmv, GB NUbv `ywU mgmvgwqK|

Ò†Zvgiv H mgq †Kvb Ae ’̄vq _vK‡e hLb gwiqg-cyÎ †Zvgv‡`i gv‡S AeZiY Ki‡eb, Ges †Zvgv‡`i Bgvg
†Zvgv‡`iB GKRb (A_©vr gymwjg) n‡eb|Ó

─ mnxn eyLvix

A‡b‡K fve‡Z cv‡ib †h, Bgvg Avj-gvnw`i AvMgb I nhiZ Cmv (Avt)-Gi cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi g‡a¨ 20 †_‡K 30
eQ‡ii cv_©K¨ _vK‡Z cv‡i| wKš‘ Avgv‡`i `„wófw½ wfbœ| Avgiv g‡b Kwi †h, Bmiv‡qj ivóª I BqvRzR-gvRz‡Ri
wek¦e¨e ’̄v hv BD‡iv-R~Bk †÷U‡K mg_©b Ki‡Q, g°vq Bgvg Avj-gvnw`i Avwef©v‡ei mv‡_ mv‡_B Zvu‡K wbwðý Kivi
D‡Ï‡k¨ Zvui weiæ‡× cÖej †e‡M Suvwc‡q co‡e| hw` GUv mwZ¨ nq, Zvn‡j Avkv Kiv hvq, hLbB Bgvg Avj-gvnw` cweÎ
KvÕev kix‡d AvZ¥cÖKvk Ki‡eb Ges wb‡R‡K cÖwZkÖæZ Bgvg e‡j †NvlYv †`‡eb, ZLbB NUbvejx `ªæZ cwiewZ©Z n‡q
Ggb w`‡K †gvo wb‡e hvi dj ^̄iƒc, wek¦¶gZvi KZ©…Z¡ hv‡`i nv‡Z _vK‡e, Zv‡`i mv‡_ Zuvi msN‡l©i m~ÎcvZ n‡e| GB
msN‡l©i m~Î a‡iB, Bgvg Avj-gvnw`i mv‡_ `v¾v‡ji e¨w³MZ msNl©I ïiæ n‡e, hv mnxn gymwj‡gi nv`x‡m ejv n‡q‡Q|
Ges Gi ciB Cmv (Avt) AvKvk †_‡K Ò ỳRb †d‡ikZvi Kvu‡a Zvui nvZ †i‡LÓ AeZiY Ki‡eb| ZvB Avgv‡`i †Rvi
aviYv, Bgvg Avj-gvnw` Ges nhiZ Cmv (Avt)-Gi AvMg‡bi gvSvgvwS mgqwU LyeB msw¶ß n‡e|

†h‡nZz Avgiv GI `vwe Kwi †h, `v¾vj Zvi Kg©KvÛ m¤c~Y© K‡i Rbm¤§y‡L wb‡R‡K gwmn e‡j `vwe bv Kiv
ch©šÍ nhiZ Cmv (Avt) wd‡i Avm‡eb bv, ZvB mviv c„w_ex‡K ─ K: Bgvg Avj-gvnw`i AvMgb; L: Ab¨vb¨ NUbvejxi
`ªæZ ci¤civq Cmv (Avt)-Gi wd‡i Avmv; M: `v¾v‡ji aŸsm nIqv; N: BqvRzR-gvRz‡Ri aŸsm nIqv; Ges O:
†RiæRv‡j‡g Avevi wLjvdZ cÖwZôv nevi Rb¨ Av‡iv 2-3 `kK A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡Z cv‡i| Ges AvjøvnB me‡P‡q fvj
Rv‡bb| Bgvg Avj-gvnw`i AvMgb ch©šÍ †h mgq i‡q‡Q, †m mgq (Zv hZ `xN©B †nvK bv †Kb) Avgv‡`i cvV‡Kiv mZK©
_vKvi Rb¨ Aek¨B jovB Pvwj‡q hv‡e, †hb Zviv, fzqv Bgvg‡`i Øviv (hv‡`i AvMgb Lye kxNªB NU‡Z cv‡i) fzj c‡_
PvwjZ bv nq| we‡kl K‡i Zv‡`i Øviv †hb cÖZvwiZ bv nq hviv Z_vKw_Z Òwek¦̄ ÍZvi mv‡_Ó fzj c‡_i Abymvwi wgR©v
†Mvjvg Avng` Kvw`qvbxi c_ AbymiY K‡i‡Q| †mB mv‡_ ej‡Z nq, hw` B‡Zvg‡a¨B Bmiv‡qwj †gvmv` ev wm-AvB-G
Abyiƒc Avi GK fzqv Bgv‡gi Rb¨ †Kv‡bv ÒDchy³Ó cÖv_©x ˆZix K‡i †i‡L‡Q, Z‡e Zv‡Z AevK nevi wKQzB †bB|

1  nvw`‡m Av‡Q `v¾vj gy³ nevi ci c„w_ex‡Z 40 w`b _vK‡e| Zvi cÖ_g w`b n‡e 1 eQ‡ii gZ, wØZxq w`b n‡e 1 gv‡mi gZ, Z…Zxq w`b n‡e

1 mßv‡ni gZ, evwK w`b¸wj n‡e Avgv‡`i w`‡bi gZ| A_©vr mg‡qi †h MwÛi g‡a¨ Avgiv evm Kwi, `v¾vj Zvi evwK w`b¸wj‡Z †mB MwÛi
g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek Ki‡e, Ges Avgiv ZLb Zv‡K mP‡ÿ †`L‡Z cve| GLv‡b ej‡Z nq, hZÿY `v¾vj Avgv‡`i †Pv‡Li mvg‡b bv Avm‡Q, ZZÿY
†m mg‡qi GK wfbœ gvÎvq Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q, myZivs nvw`‡m ewY©Z 1 eQi, 1 gvm I 1 mßvn Avgv‡`i 1 eQi, 1 gvm I 1 mßv‡ni Zzjbvq
A‡bK j¤v̂ mgq n‡e|


LAA 3064LAA 3064

MOOT/MOCK AND MOOT/MOCK AND

PLACEMENTPLACEMENT

OFFICERS OF OFFICERS OF

THE SHARIAH COURTTHE SHARIAH COURT

CONTENTSCONTENTS

�� QadhisQadhis/Judges/Judges

�� RegistrarRegistrar

�� Religious Enforcement OfficerReligious Enforcement Officer

�� PegawaiPegawai SulhSulh

�� ShariahShariah ProsecutorProsecutor

�� PeguamPeguam SyarieSyarie

The Constitution of The Constitution of

the the ShariahShariah CourtCourt

�� Federal Constitution Federal Constitution

�� Item 1 of the State ListItem 1 of the State List

�� Administration of Islamic Law Administration of Islamic Law

Enactment 1989 (Enactment 1989 (SelangorSelangor))--Section 37Section 37

�� Administration of Islamic Law Administration of Islamic Law

Enactment 1993 (Federal Territories)Enactment 1993 (Federal Territories)--

section 40section 40

Hierarchy of
the Syariah Court

Shariah Subordinate Court-kadhi

Shariah High Court- kadhi besar

Shariah Appeal Court- Chief shariah judge and 2 others

Hierarchy of  Hierarchy of

the Civil Courtthe Civil Court

Magistrate Court

Sessions Court

High Court

Court Of Appeal

Federal Court

QadhisQadhis/Judges/Judges

�� Appointment Appointment

�� Vested in the Ruler and YDPAVested in the Ruler and YDPA

�� Section 41 of the AILFTA 1993Section 41 of the AILFTA 1993--YDPA YDPA

may on the advice of the minister after may on the advice of the minister after

consultation with the consultation with the MajlisMajlis appoint a appoint a

chief chief ShariahShariah Judge.Judge.

�� Section 42Section 42--Shariah Appeal Court JudgesShariah Appeal Court Judges

�� Section 43Section 43-- ShariahShariah High Court JudgesHigh Court Judges

�� Section 44Section 44-- ShariahShariah Subordinate Court Subordinate Court

JudgesJudges

Islamic perspective on the Islamic perspective on the

Appointment of Appointment of QadhiQadhi

�� Power vested to the head of the State. No Power vested to the head of the State. No
selfself--appointment.appointment.

�� Legal implications if someone applied for post Legal implications if someone applied for post
of of QadhiQadhi. . WajibWajib ainiaini, , mustahabmustahab, , harusharus, ,
makruhmakruh, , haramharam..

�� Case of Abu Case of Abu ZarZar when he applied the position when he applied the position
before Prophet SAW and case of before Prophet SAW and case of IbnuIbnu UmarUmar

�� Position of Position of qadhiqadhi is is fardufardu kifayahkifayah..

�� Selection of candidates can be done by Selection of candidates can be done by
relying on the information on the candidate relying on the information on the candidate
or by examination and interview.or by examination and interview.

ContCont……

�� The Condition for Perfect AppointmentThe Condition for Perfect Appointment

a)a) Person who appoint knows that the Person who appoint knows that the
appointee possesses characteristics of appointee possesses characteristics of
qadhiqadhi and has the right and capable of and has the right and capable of
holding the postholding the post

b)b) The duty of the The duty of the qadhiqadhi must be specified must be specified
its territorial, place and jurisdiction.its territorial, place and jurisdiction.

c)c) Publicity of the appointmentPublicity of the appointment

d)d) Endorsement. Endorsement.

ContCont……

�� The qualification for CSJ:The qualification for CSJ:

a)a) The person must be a citizen of MalaysiaThe person must be a citizen of Malaysia

b)b) Has been a Has been a shariahshariah high Court Judge or high Court Judge or
QadhiQadhi or Registrar or a or Registrar or a shariahshariah prosecutor prosecutor
of a state for a period of not less than 10 of a state for a period of not less than 10
years.years.

c)c) Person learned in Islamic lawPerson learned in Islamic law

�� The qualification for SHCJThe qualification for SHCJ

a) and c) above plus has been a a) and c) above plus has been a shariahshariah
subordinate Court Judge or subordinate Court Judge or QadhiQadhi or or
Registrar or a Registrar or a shariahshariah prosecutor of a state prosecutor of a state
for a period of not less than 10 years.for a period of not less than 10 years.

Islamic Perspective on the Islamic Perspective on the

Qualifications of Qualifications of QadhiQadhi

�� MuslimMuslim--JumhurJumhur

�� BalighBaligh

�� SoundmindSoundmind--aqilaqil balighbaligh

�� Free personFree person-- not relevant in modern days.not relevant in modern days.

�� MaleMale-- JumhurJumhur-- Abu Abu HanifahHanifah and and IbnuIbnu HazmHazm

�� JustJust

�� MujtahidMujtahid

�� Ability to hear, speak and see.Ability to hear, speak and see.

ContCont……

Position and Functions of Position and Functions of QadhiQadhi

�� QadhiQadhi must be independent.must be independent.

�� All citizen are equal before All citizen are equal before qadhisqadhis..

�� His main functions are to uphold His main functions are to uphold
justice.justice.

�� To ensure rules and procedure in To ensure rules and procedure in
court being followed by litigants.court being followed by litigants.

�� To avoid any interference to the To avoid any interference to the
administration of justice.administration of justice.

ContCont……

�� Narrated by Narrated by BuraidahBuraidah Prophet SAW said: Prophet SAW said:

In the hereafter there will be 3 classes of In the hereafter there will be 3 classes of

judges. One of them will be send to judges. One of them will be send to

paradise and the rest will be send to the paradise and the rest will be send to the

hellfirehellfire………………

�� Narrated by Abu Narrated by Abu HurairahHurairah Prophet SAW. Prophet SAW.

Said: Said: ““Who has been appointed as a judge Who has been appointed as a judge

amongst you likes he has put himself to amongst you likes he has put himself to

be slaughtered without a knifebe slaughtered without a knife””

QadhisQadhis and Ethicsand Ethics

�� Civil Court JudgesCivil Court Judges

�� They must adhere to the JudgesThey must adhere to the Judges’’ Code Code

of Ethics 1994 by virtue of Article 125 of Ethics 1994 by virtue of Article 125

(3A) of the Federal Constitutions. (3A) of the Federal Constitutions.

�� ShariahShariah Court JudgesCourt Judges

�� Formerly there is no Code of Ethics for Formerly there is no Code of Ethics for

qadhisqadhis but in 2001 JKSM issued a but in 2001 JKSM issued a

directive for Code of Ethics of directive for Code of Ethics of QadhisQadhis

Directive on Code of Ethics for Directive on Code of Ethics for

QadhisQadhis issued by JKSMissued by JKSM

Outside CourtOutside Court

�� Unnecessary Unnecessary
socialisedsocialised

�� Manipulate his Manipulate his
position for his own position for his own
benefitbenefit

�� Accepting giftAccepting gift

�� Involve in businessInvolve in business

�� Involve in politicsInvolve in politics

In CourtIn Court

�� To implement justice To implement justice

�� Based on Based on syariahsyariah

�� ShoulShoul not conduct trial in not conduct trial in
the state of hunger, angry the state of hunger, angry
etcetc

�� Should remain calmShould remain calm

�� Trial in open courtTrial in open court

�� Encourage for Encourage for
reconciliationreconciliation

�� Not influence by the Not influence by the
litigantslitigants

�� Respect to the witnessRespect to the witness

Islamic Perspective on Islamic Perspective on

AdabAdab AlAl--QadhisQadhis

Ethics in GeneralEthics in General

�� Should not be influenced by othersShould not be influenced by others

�� Should not Should not socialisesocialise unnecessarilyunnecessarily

�� Should avoid personal invitationsShould avoid personal invitations

�� Should not accept gifts or involve Should not accept gifts or involve

inbriberyinbribery

�� Should not involve in businessShould not involve in business

�� Should not issue fatwaShould not issue fatwa

ContCont…… ((Ethics in Court)Ethics in Court)

�� Should remain calmShould remain calm

�� Should not be influenced by any party, wary Should not be influenced by any party, wary
of litigantsof litigants

�� Should give equal treatmentShould give equal treatment

�� Encourage reconciliationEncourage reconciliation

�� Should avoid lengthy proceedingsShould avoid lengthy proceedings

�� Punctual and conduct trials on a firstPunctual and conduct trials on a first--come, come,
first served basis. first served basis.

�� Due respect to witness and avoid presiding Due respect to witness and avoid presiding
over cases that involve his relatives.over cases that involve his relatives.

Removal of Removal of QadhisQadhis

�� Administration of Islamic Law Enactment Administration of Islamic Law Enactment

1989 (1989 (SelangorSelangor))-- hold office until 65 years hold office until 65 years

or not later than 6 months after he attains or not later than 6 months after he attains

65 years.65 years.

�� Ruler can remove the Ruler can remove the qadhisqadhis based on based on

misbehaviourmisbehaviour, inability of body or mind , inability of body or mind

through recommendation by tribunal.through recommendation by tribunal.

�� QadhiQadhi is automatically dismissedis automatically dismissed-- insane, insane,

blind, dumb, death sickness and blind, dumb, death sickness and fasiqfasiq..

RegistrarRegistrar

�� Appointment of RegistrarAppointment of Registrar

�� Section 45 Administration of Islamic Section 45 Administration of Islamic

Law FT 1993Law FT 1993

�� YDPA on the advice of CSJ appoint a YDPA on the advice of CSJ appoint a

Chief Registrar of the SAC, Registrar Chief Registrar of the SAC, Registrar

of the SHC and Assistant Registrars of the SHC and Assistant Registrars

of the SSOC.of the SSOC.

Cont….

Functions of Registrar

• Formerly Qadhi handled almost everything
in court. Qadhi cannot concentrate on the
cases.

• To ensure better administration of the
shariah court.

• Filing system, officers and supporting staff,
registration of cases, library, facilities and
etc.

Religious Enforcement OfficerReligious Enforcement Officer

Appointment of REOAppointment of REO

�� Section 58 Administration of Islamic Law Section 58 Administration of Islamic Law
FT 1993.FT 1993.

�� The The MajlisMajlis may appoint a CREO and REO may appoint a CREO and REO
to carry out the investigation of offences to carry out the investigation of offences
against precepts of the Islam.against precepts of the Islam.

Functions of REOFunctions of REO..

�� To do investigation for offences committed To do investigation for offences committed
under the enactment and to enforce the under the enactment and to enforce the
law.law.

�� To enforce the law.To enforce the law.

ContCont……..

�� Example:Example:

�� Gambling, drinking, intoxicating drinks, Gambling, drinking, intoxicating drinks,

adultery, fornication, adultery, fornication, khalwatkhalwat, ill , ill

treatment of wife, disobedience of wife, treatment of wife, disobedience of wife,

disrespect of disrespect of ramadhanramadhan, not performing , not performing

jumaatjumaat prayer.prayer.

�� To enforce any order or judgment made To enforce any order or judgment made

by the Court by the Court egeg. To serve summon or . To serve summon or

warrant.warrant.

PegawaiPegawai SulhSulh

-- SurahSurah AlAl--Hujurat:9Hujurat:9--1010

-- ““If two parties among the believers If two parties among the believers

fall into fight make peace between fall into fight make peace between

themthem……....””

-- ““ The believers are brothers to one The believers are brothers to one

another, therefore make another, therefore make

reconciliation between your brothers reconciliation between your brothers

and fear Allah, so that you may be and fear Allah, so that you may be

shown mercyshown mercy””

Pegawai Sulh

� Shariah Civil Procedure Enactment Selangor
Part xiv-The parties to an action are
encouraged to hold sulh.

� Qualifications of Pegawai Sulh

� person who holds a bachelor degree in
syariah from authorised university,

� has completed a professional training
recognized by the Majlis in the in the field of
Islamic judiciary.

� Passed BM examination

ContCont……

Appointment of Appointment of PegawaiPegawai SulhSulh

�� Appointed by Appointed by MajlisMajlis

KaedahKaedah--kaedahkaedah TatacaraTatacara Mal (Mal (SulhSulh) )
SelangorSelangor 2001. 2001.

�� PegawaiPegawai SulhSulh is appointed and placed at is appointed and placed at
ShariahShariah Subordinate Court. Subordinate Court.

�� PegawaiPegawai SulhSulh will conduct the will conduct the MajlisMajlis SulhSulh. .
Sometime registrar or Sometime registrar or syariesyarie judge acted judge acted
as a chairman in the as a chairman in the majlismajlis sulhsulh.  .

ContCont……

�� Functions of Functions of PegawaiPegawai SulhSulh

-- To solve problems of backlog cases in the To solve problems of backlog cases in the

courtcourt-- In In SelangorSelangor SulhSulh has decreased has decreased

about 65% cases in Court.about 65% cases in Court.

-- As an arbitrator, to provide settlement on As an arbitrator, to provide settlement on

win win basis. win win basis.

-- MajlisMajlis sulhsulh will be attended by the will be attended by the

disputed parties only and not in open disputed parties only and not in open

court.court.

ShariahShariah ProsecutorProsecutor

�� Appointment of Appointment of ShariahShariah ProsecutorProsecutor

�� Section 58 Administration of Islamic Law FT Section 58 Administration of Islamic Law FT

19931993--YDPA on the advice of the Minister YDPA on the advice of the Minister

appoint a person to be CSP.appoint a person to be CSP.

�� CSP may appoint fit and proper person to be CSP may appoint fit and proper person to be

SP.SP.

�� Only related with criminal offenceOnly related with criminal offence--gambling, gambling,

drinking, intoxicating drinks, adultery, drinking, intoxicating drinks, adultery,

fornication, fornication, khalwatkhalwat, ill treatment of wife, , ill treatment of wife,

disobedience of wife, disrespect of disobedience of wife, disrespect of

ramadhanramadhan..

Functions of the Functions of the

ShariahShariah ProsecutorProsecutor

�� To institute and conduct any To institute and conduct any
proceedings for an offence before proceedings for an offence before
ShariahShariah Court.Court.

�� Review and evaluate Investigation Review and evaluate Investigation
report made by REO. report made by REO.

�� Preparation of court papers such as Preparation of court papers such as
charges, affidavit, evidence, charges, affidavit, evidence,
including preparation of witnesses. including preparation of witnesses.

Flow Chart For Criminal CasesFlow Chart For Criminal Cases

Yes

No

Registration

Mention within
21 days

Plea Guilty

Hearing

Judgment

Flow Chart For Civil CasesFlow Chart For Civil Cases

Yes

No

Registration

Mention within
21 days

Advice for Settlement

Pleading

Judgment

Hearing

PeguamPeguam SyarieSyarie In In

The The ShariahShariah CourtCourt

��

� Who is a Peguam Syarie?

� Members of the Bar and non members of the
Bar. Peguam syarie refers to those who
practice in Syariah courts in Malaysia and is
governed by the respective states peguam
syarie rules. Peguam syarie is a person who is
given the right by rules enacted by any state
to appear and represent his client in every
shariah court case within the confines of such
state or federal territories, respectively.

Required Reading Required Reading

�� BeritaBerita HarianHarian, , SulhSulh ProdukProduk BaruBaru MahkamahMahkamah ShariahShariah,,

17 September 2002.17 September 2002.

�� EnakmenEnakmen KanunKanun ProsedurProsedur Mal Mal SyariahSyariah ((SelangorSelangor) )

1991.1991.

�� FaridFarid SufianSufian ShuaibShuaib, , TajulTajul ArisAris Ahmad Ahmad BustamiBustami & &

MohdMohd HishamHisham MohdMohd KamalKamal, , Administration of Administration of

Islamic Law in Malaysia Text and MaterialsIslamic Law in Malaysia Text and Materials, 2001, , 2001,

MLJ.MLJ.

�� Imam Imam KhassafKhassaf, , AdabAdab AlAl--QadhiQadhi (Islamic Legal and (Islamic Legal and

Judicial SystemJudicial System), 2004, Adam Publishers & ), 2004, Adam Publishers &

Distributors. Distributors.

�� Legal Profession Act 1976.Legal Profession Act 1976.

Manual Manual KerjaKerja SulhSulh, , JabatanJabatan KehakimanKehakiman ShariahShariah

ContCont……..

�� MahmudMahmud SaedonSaedon AwangAwang Othman and Othman and NikNik Ahmad Ahmad
KamilKamil NikNik MahmoodMahmood, , ‘‘AdabAdab alal--QadhiQadhi in Daily in Daily
Activities of a Activities of a QadhiQadhi’’, IIU Law Journal 0012No. , IIU Law Journal 0012No.
1992. 1992.

�� MahmudMahmud SaedonSaedon AwangAwang Othman, Othman, IntitusiIntitusi
PentadbiranPentadbiran UndangUndang--undangundang dandan KehakimanKehakiman IslamIslam, ,
DewanDewan BahasaBahasa dandan PustakaPustaka, 1996, Kuala Lumpur., 1996, Kuala Lumpur.

�� PeguamPeguam SyarieSyarie Rules 1991 (Rules 1991 (SelangorSelangor).).

�� PeguamPeguam SyarieSyarie Rules 1993 (Federal Territories).Rules 1993 (Federal Territories).

�� ProsidingProsiding Seminar Seminar HasilHasil PenyelidikanPenyelidikan, , KolejKolej
UniversitiUniversiti Islam Malaysia, 2003. Islam Malaysia, 2003.

�� SallehSalleh BuangBuang, , The Education and Training of The Education and Training of
ShariahShariah judesjudes and Lawyers in Malaysiaand Lawyers in Malaysia, , ShariahShariah
Law Journal, Law Journal, VolVol 6 Oct 1990.6 Oct 1990.

Recommended ReadingRecommended Reading

�� Ahmad Ahmad IbrahimIbrahim, , Al Al AhkamAhkam ((PenghakimanPenghakiman
dandan KepeguamanKepeguaman)), , DewanDewan BahasaBahasa dandan
PustakaPustaka, 1997, Kuala Lumpur., 1997, Kuala Lumpur.

�� Ahmad Ahmad IbrahimIbrahim, , PentadbiranPentadbiran UndangUndang--
undangundang Islam Islam didi Malaysia,Malaysia, IKIM, 1997, IKIM, 1997,
Kuala Lumpur.Kuala Lumpur.

�� AdabAdab Al Al QadhiQadhi in Islamic Law in Islamic Law by by FyzeeFyzee, ,
AsafAsaf Ali Ali AshgarAshgar (1964) Mal LR 406.(1964) Mal LR 406.

�� Tan Tan YockYock Lin, Lin, The Law of Advocates and The Law of Advocates and
Solicitors in Singapore and MalaysiaSolicitors in Singapore and Malaysia, 1991 , 1991
MLJ.MLJ.

Thank youThank you

““““““““Justice must not only be done Justice must not only be done Justice must not only be done Justice must not only be done Justice must not only be done Justice must not only be done Justice must not only be done Justice must not only be done

but must be seen to be donebut must be seen to be donebut must be seen to be donebut must be seen to be donebut must be seen to be donebut must be seen to be donebut must be seen to be donebut must be seen to be done””””””””........