40 HADITH

PUASA DAN RAMADAN

Dengan Nota Ringkas Fiqh Mazhab al-Shafi’i dan Fiqh Perbandingan

40 HADITH

PUASA DAN RAMADAN

Dengan Nota Ringkas Fiqh Mazhab al-Shafi’i dan Fiqh Perbandingan

Oleh:

ABDULLAAH JALIL

WISDOM PUBLICATION

Nilai, Negeri Sembilan

2016

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i

DEDIKASI


Kepada kedua ayahanda dan bonda: Hj Jalil Omar and Hapisah Ismail, dan

seluruh ahli keluarga,

Kepada isteri yang dikasihi: Suraiya Osman, serta anak-anak yang tercinta:

Abdurrahman al-Munib, Maryam al-Safiyyah, Sara al-Ameena, Ibtisam al-

Nafeesa dan Muhammad al-Habib, semoga kita semua digolongkan di

kalangan kekasih Allah  dan Rasul-Nya.



ii

PRAKATA PENERBIT

Segala puji bagi Allah  yang telah mewajibkan puasa Ramadan ke atas

umat Islam, serta menjadikan kita semua dari kalangan umat Nabi

Muhammad , penutup dan penghulu segala para nabi dan rasul

terdahulu – calayhim al-salah wa al-salam,

Selawat dan salam kami sampaikan kepada junjungan serta penghulu umat

ini, Nabi Muhammad , kekasih Allah dan rasul-Nya, juga ke atas ahli

keluarga dan para sahabat Baginda , serta seluruh para muslimin dan

muslimat yang sentiasa berusaha untuk menyempurnakan ketaqwaan

mereka melalui ibadah puasa,

Amma bacd,

Pertamanya, pihak penerbit ingin memanjatkan rasa syukur kepada Allah

 di atas tawfiq dan inayah-Nya kepada kami untuk menerbitkan kitab

yang bermanfaat ini. Kedatangan buku hasil tangan Ustaz Abdullaah Jalil di

dalam bulan Ramadan yang penuh barakah ini diharapkan dapat

menyumbang kepada penambaikan amalan dan kefahaman masyarakat

Islam dalam menjalani ibadah berpuasa dan menghidupkan Sunnah

beribadah di bulan ini.

Pihak penerbit ingin mengucapkan jutaan terima kasih kepada semua

pihak yang terlibat sama ada secara langsung atau tidak di dalam

menjayakan penerbitan ini. Insya-Allah, pihak penerbit akan berusaha

untuk terus berkhidmat kepada bidang ilmu Shariat agar warisan Rasul-

Nya  dan para ulama’ terus subur dipelajari dan diwarisi oleh umat ini.

Semoga Allah  menerima segala ibadah puasa dan qiyam al-layl kita serta

segala usaha kebaikan dan kebajikan di bulan ini sebagai perisai yang

menghalang kita dari dihumban ke dalam api neraka di akhirat nanti.

Amin Ya Rabb al-ʿAlamin.

Penerbit, 16 Jun 2016 bersamaan 11 Ramadan 2016.

iii

PENDAHULUAN

Dengan Nama Allah Yang Maha Pemurah lagi Maha Pengasih

Segala puji bagi Allah, Tuhan sekalian alam. Selawat dan Salam ke atas

Penghulu Kita Nabi Muhammad , Penghulu para Rasul, dan ke atas ahli

keluarga Baginda dan para sahabat Baginda keseluruhannya.

Amma baʿd (Adapun selepas itu),

Penulisan ini adalah merupakan satu usaha penulis untuk berkhidmat

kepada salah satu daripada lima rukun Islam, iaitu kewajipan berpuasa di

bulan Ramadan walaupun penulis bukanlah orang yang paling layak

melakukannya. Namun begitu, hakikat keperluan untuk melaksanakan

ibadah puasa dan menghayatinya serta menyempurnakan perlaksanaannya

berasaskan tuntutan Shariat yang berulang pada setiap tahun di bulan

Ramadan ini menjadi motivasi utama bagi usaha yang kerdil ini. Penulis

mengusahakan penulisan ini agar dapat dijadikan rujukan asas bagi penulis

khususnya dan pembaca amnya agar ibadah puasa ini dapat dijalani dengan

sebaik-baiknya bersama ilmu yang diwarisi dari Rasulullah .

Penulis memilih empat puluh (40) hadith yang boleh dijadikan tema utama

buku ini kemudiannya penulis meletakkan hadith-hadith lain yang

berkaitan dengan tema hadith-hadith utama atau ayat al-Quran atau kata-

kata para ulama’ sebagai ulasan, syarahan atau sokongan kepada hadith-

hadith utama tersebut. Pendekatan sebegini dilakukan oleh penulis untuk

meluaskan manfaat buku ini tetapi dalam masa yang sama pembaca boleh

mengenalpasti isi kandungan terpenting berkaitan topik ini.

Akhir sekali, penulis berdoa dan berharap agar usaha penulisan ini

diterima oleh Allah  dengan keluasan rahmat dan ihsanNya sebagai

amalan soleh penulis dan agar Dia memaafkan segala kekurangan dan

kesalahan zahir dan batin penulis sepanjang menyiapkan penulisan ini. Dan

segala teguran yang membina dan beradab terhadap penulisan ini adalah

amat dialu-alukan.

Akhir kata, selamat membaca, beramal dan mengambil manfaat dari

penulisan ini.

al-Faqir ila ʿAfwi Rabbih, Abdullaah Jalil: Nilai, Isnin, 11 Ramadan 1437H.

iv

LATAR BELAKANG PENGARANG

Ustaz Abdullaah Jalil adalah merupakan pensyarah kanan di Fakulti

Ekonomi dan Muamalat (FEM), Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM).

Beliau dilahirkan pada tanggal 10 Zulhijjah 1400 (Aidil Adha), bersamaan

19 Oktober 1980 di Kuala Terengganu dan dibesarkan di Skudai, Johor

Bahru, Johor.

Beliau memulakan pengajian di peringkat menengah di Sekolah Menengah

Agama Kerajaan Johor (SMAKJ), Kluang (PMR & SRA - Mumtaz) sebelum

menduduki SPM & SKK (Mumtaz) di Kolej Islam Sultan Alam Shah

(KISAS), Klang, Selangor.

Beliau kemudiaannya melanjutkan pengajian di Universiti Yarmouk, Irbid,

Jordan di dalam bidang Shariah (Fiqh dan Pengajian Islam). Beliau berjaya

menamatkan pengajiaannya di Universiti Yarmouk dalam tempoh tiga (3)

tahun dan dikurniakan Sarjana Muda Shariah Kelas Pertama (Mumtaz)

bersama Kepujian. Pelajar Malaysia pertama yang mencapai keputusan

sedemikian.

Setelah diterima sebagai tutor di FEM pada tahun 2002, beliau

melanjutkan pengajian di peringkat sarjana di Universiti Islam

Antarabangsa Malaysia (UIAM) di dalam bidang Perbankan dan Kewangan

Islam serta dikurniakan Anugerah Pelajar Terbaik Sarjana Pentadbiran

Perniagaan (Perbankan dan Kewangan Islam) dalam tahun 2004.

Setelah berkhidmat selama hampir 7 tahun di FEM & USIM, beliau

kemudiannya menyambung pengajian di peringkat doktor falsafah di

INCEIF, Kuala Lumpur di dalam bidang Kewangan Islam (Islamic Finance)

bermula Januari 2011.

Beliau merupakan salah seorang ahli jawatankuasa Majlis Penasihat

Syariah, Bank Rakyat dan Prudential BSN Takaful. Beliau juga telah

dianugerahkan dengan “Friends of the Police” pada Hari Polis

Kebangsaan 2012 kerana kerjasama beliau bersama pihak polis dalam

usaha membanteras fahaman militan dan ancaman keselamatan negara.

Beliau juga mengikuti pengajian-pengajian di luar kuliah dengan beberapa

mashayikh dan ulama’ dari dalam dan luar Malaysia bilamana

berkesempatan.

v

40 HADITH UTAMA

PRA-RAMADAN ................................................................................ 1

Hadith 1: Puasa adalah Salah Satu Rukun Islam .................................................... 1

Hadith 2: Puasa adalah Dinding Perisai ................................................................ 13

Hadith 3: Tiada Amalan Ibadah Seumpama Berpuasa ....................................... 19

Hadith 4: Puasa Itu Separuh daripada Kesabaran dan Kesabaran itu

Separuh daripada Iman............................................................................................ 21

Hadith 5: Pintu al-Rayyan Bagi Orang Yang Berpuasa ...................................... 23

Hadith 6: Puasa akan Memberi Shafa’at Di Akhirat .......................................... 27

Hadith 7: Puasa adalah Untuk Allah  ................................................................ 29

Hadith 8: Pra-Ramadan – Bulan Rajab adalah Bulan Persediaan ..................... 31

Hadith 9: Pra Ramadan – Rasulullah  Banyak Melakukan Puasa di Bulan

Shaʿban ....................................................................................................................... 37

Hadith 10: Larangan Berpuasa Pada Separuh Kedua Sha’ban dan Hari

Syak ............................................................................................................................. 44

Hadith 11: Khutbah Rasulullah  di Akhir Bulan Sha’ban ................................ 47

KEDATANGAN RAMADAN .......................................................... 52

Hadith 12: Melihat Anak Bulan Ramadan ............................................................ 52

Hadith 13: Berniat Puasa di Waktu Malam ......................................................... 57

Hadith 14: Malam Pertama Bulan Ramadan ........................................................ 60

Hadith 15: Puasa Ramadan adalah Kaffarah Bagi Dosa ..................................... 63

PUASA RAMADAN ......................................................................... 65

Hadith 16: Bersahur Membantu Puasa ................................................................ 65

Hadith 17:  Waktu Imsak adalah Konsep Ihtiyat dalam Ibadat Puasa ............ 68

Hadith 18: Perbezaan Azan Keenam (Azan Bilal ) dan Azan Subuh (Ibn

Maktum ) Di Bulan Ramadan ............................................................................. 70

Hadith 19: Puasa (Siyam) Ramadan adalah Sebab Keampunan ....................... 76

Hadith 20: Doa Orang Yang Berpuasa Tidak Ditolak Sehinggalah Dia

Berbuka ...................................................................................................................... 78

Hadith 21: Kewangian Mulut Orang Yang Berpuasa ......................................... 80

Hadith 22: Kelebihan Qiyam Ramadan ................................................................ 82

Hadith 23: I’tikaf Di Dalam Bulan Ramadan ....................................................... 86

Hadith 24: Rasulullah  dan Asas Solat Tarawih ............................................... 90

Hadith 25: Sunnah Saidina ʿUmar al-Khattab  dan Solat Tarawih .............. 94

Hadith 26: Amalan Qunut di dalam Solat Witir pada Separuh Akhir

Ramadan .................................................................................................................... 99

vi

Hadith 27: Rukhsah bagi Musafir Yang Berpuasa ............................................. 102

Hadith 28: Tadarus al-Qur’an dan Sifat Pemurah Rasulullah  di Bulan

Ramadan .................................................................................................................. 105

Hadith 29: Puasa Ramadan Tidak Dapat Diganti Dengan Seumpamanya

Apabila Ditinggalkan Tanpa Uzur ....................................................................... 108

Hadith 30: Larangan Berpuasa Secara Wisal .................................................... 110

Hadith 31: Kelebihan ʿUmrah dan Berada di Mekah di Bulan Ramadan ..... 112

Hadith 32: Kemuliaan dan Kelebihan Malam Laylat al-Qadr ......................... 114

Hadith 33: Kehinaan Bagi Seseorang Yang Tidak Diampunkan Di dalam

Bulan Ramadan ....................................................................................................... 121

Hadith 34: Perkara Yang Memusnahkan Pahala Puasa (Muḥbiṭāt) dan

Membatalkan Puasa (Mufṭirāt) ............................................................................. 123

Hadith 35: Sunnah Berbuka Puasa ...................................................................... 129

Hadith 36: Memberi Makanan Untuk Berbuka ................................................ 134

PASCA RAMADAN ....................................................................... 136

Hadith 37: Kewajipan Mengeluarkan Zakat Fitrah .......................................... 136

Hadith 38: Hari Raya ‘Aid al-Fitri (Solat), Malamnya dan Kegembiraannya 140

Hadith 39: Puasan Enam Dari Bulan Shawwal .................................................. 145

Hadith 40: Qada’ dan Fidyah Puasa .................................................................... 149

vii

ISI KANDUNGAN

DEDIKASI ............................................................................................ i

PRAKATA PENERBIT....................................................................... ii

PENDAHULUAN ............................................................................. iii

LATAR BELAKANG PENGARANG ............................................... iv

40 HADITH UTAMA ......................................................................... v

ISI KANDUNGAN ........................................................................... vii

Fiqh (Mazhab al-Shafi’i dan Perbandingan) ................................................ xiii

Faedah .............................................................................................................. xiv

PRA-RAMADAN ................................................................................ 1

Hadith 1: Puasa adalah Salah Satu Rukun Islam ............................. 1

1.1 Kewajipan Berpuasa di dalam al-Quran ................................................. 2

1.2 Kewajipan Berpuasa ke atas Umat-umat Terdahulu ........................... 4

1.3 Empat Amalan Dicintai oleh Rasulullah : Puasa,Solat, Jihad dan

Sedekah ............................................................................................................... 5

1.4 Puasa dan Solat Nabi Daud  ............................................................... 5

1.5 Puasa Sunat ‘Ashura’ .................................................................................. 6

1.6 Puasa Sunat Tasu’a’ .................................................................................... 7

1.7 Puasa Sunat Hari Arafah bagi Bukan Haji .............................................. 8

1.8 Puasa Tiga Hari Setiap Bulan .................................................................... 8

1.9 Puasa Tiga Hari Setiap Bulan – Pesanan Rasulullah  kepada Abu

Hurayrah  ........................................................................................................ 9

1.10 Puasa Pada Pertengahan Bulan: 13, 14 dan 15 .................................... 9

1.11 Puasa Hari Isnin – Kesyukuran oleh Rasulullah  ........................... 10

1.12 Puasa Hari Isnin dan Khamis ................................................................ 10

1.13 Puasa Pada Bulan-bulan Yang Suci / Haram ...................................... 11

1.14 Puasa Pada Hari Tiada Makanan .......................................................... 11

Hadith 2: Puasa adalah Dinding Perisai .......................................... 13

2.1 Puasa adalah Perisai dan Benteng dari Api Neraka............................ 15

2.2 Puasa adalah Perisai.................................................................................. 15

2.3 Berpuasa Memelihara Pandangan dan Nafsu ....................................... 15

2.4 Puasa Itu Dinding Perisai daripada Api Neraka .................................. 16

2.5 Puasa adalah Salah Satu Dari Tiga Pintu Kebaikan ............................. 16

2.6 Tiga Peringkat Puasa ................................................................................ 17

Hadith 3: Tiada Amalan Ibadah Seumpama Berpuasa ................. 19

3.1 Tiada Amalan Ibadah Seumpama Puasa (2) ......................................... 19

3.2 Tiada Amalan Ibadah Seumpama Puasa (3) ......................................... 19

3.3 Orang Yang Berpuasa Sentiasa Dalam Ibadah .................................... 20

Hadith 4: Puasa Itu Separuh daripada Kesabaran dan

Kesabaran itu Separuh daripada Iman ........................................... 21

4.1 Puasa itu adalah Separuh Kesabaran ..................................................... 21

viii

4.2 Sabar itu Separuh daripada Iman ........................................................... 21

4.3 Meminta Pertolongan Allah Melalui Puasa ........................................... 22

Hadith 5: Pintu al-Rayyan Bagi Orang Yang Berpuasa ................. 23

5.1 Pintu al-Rayyan adalah Salah Satu daripada Lapan Pintu Syurga ...... 23

5.2 Pintu al-Rayyan untuk Orang Yang Berpuasa ..................................... 24

5.3 Setiap Pintu Syurga Mempunyai Ahli-Ahlinya ...................................... 24

Hadith 6: Puasa akan Memberi Shafa’at Di Akhirat ..................... 27

6.1 Puasa adalah Salah Satu Sebab Utama Penghapus Dosa ................... 27

Hadith 7: Puasa adalah Untuk Allah  ........................................... 29

7.1: Ganjaran Puasa adalah Terserah kepada Allah  ............................. 29

7.2: Puasa Mempunyai Ganjaran Yang Istimewa ....................................... 30

Hadith 8: Pra-Ramadan – Bulan Rajab adalah Bulan Persediaan . 31

8.1 Disunatkan Berdoa untuk Mendapatkan Musim Ibadah ................... 32

8.2 Bulan Rejab adalah Kunci kepada Musim-musim Ibadat ................... 33

8.3 ʿUmar Ibn ʿAbd al-ʿAziz ........................................................................... 34

8.4 Imam al-Shafiʿi (204H): Lima Malam Waktu Doa Mustajab ............. 34

8.5 Syair Nukilan al-Imam al-Hafiz Ibn Rajab al-Hanbali (795H) tentang

Amalan Soleh di Bulan Rejab ........................................................................ 35

8.6 al-Imam Shams al-Din al-Khatib al-Sharbini al-Shafiʿi (977H): Rejab

adalah  di antara bulan-bulan terbaik untuk berpuasa sunat .................. 36

Hadith 9: Pra Ramadan – Rasulullah  Banyak Melakukan Puasa

di Bulan Shaʿban ............................................................................... 37

9.1 Rasulullah  Memperbanyakkan Puasa Pada Bulan Shaʿban (a) ...... 37

9.2 Rasulullah  Memperbanyakkan Puasa Pada Bulan Shaʿban (b) ...... 38

9.3 Rasulullah  Pernah Berpuasa Penuh pada Bulan Sha’ban ............... 38

9.4 Bulan Sha’ban adalah Bulan Amalan-amalan Diangkat ....................... 39

9.5 Puasa Sha’ban adalah Mulia Kerana Memuliakan Ramadan .............. 39

9.6 Kemuliaan Malam dan Siang Nisfu Sha’ban (1) ................................... 40

9.7 Kemuliaan Malam dan Siang Nisfu Sha’ban (2) ................................... 41

9.8 Kemuliaan Malam Nisfu Sha’ban – Malam Keampunan Allah  ..... 42

9.9 Riwayat Imam al-Shafi’i  ....................................................................... 42

Hadith 10: Larangan Berpuasa Pada Separuh Kedua Sha’ban

dan Hari Syak ................................................................................... 44

10.1 Larangan Berpuasa Pada Hari Syak ..................................................... 44

Hadith 11: Khutbah Rasulullah  di Akhir Bulan Sha’ban ............ 47

11.1 Nikmat Dipanjangkan Usia Bagi Mendapat Pahala Solat dan Puasa

 ............................................................................................................................ 50

KEDATANGAN RAMADAN .......................................................... 52

Hadith 12: Melihat Anak Bulan Ramadan ...................................... 52

12.1 Doa Menyambut Kedatangan Ramadan ............................................. 53

12.2 Doa Melihat Anak Bulan (i) .................................................................. 54

ix

12.3 Doa Melihat Anak Bulan (ii) ................................................................. 55

12.4 Doa Melihat Anak Bulan (iii) ................................................................ 55

Hadith 13: Berniat Puasa di Waktu Malam ................................... 57

13.1 Berniat Puasa di Waktu Malam ........................................................... 57

13.2 Disunatkan Niat Puasa Dengan Hati dan Lisan ................................ 57

Hadith 14: Malam Pertama Bulan Ramadan ................................. 60

14.1 Pintu-pintu Neraka Ditutup, Pintu-pintu Syurga Dibuka dan

Syaitan Dibelenggu .......................................................................................... 60

14.2 Bulan Yang Penuh Keberkatan ............................................................ 61

14.3 Malam Pertama Ramadan: Keampunan Allah  Buat Semua Ahli

Qiblah ................................................................................................................ 61

14.4 Membaca Surah al-Fath ......................................................................... 62

Hadith 15: Puasa Ramadan adalah Kaffarah Bagi Dosa ................ 63

15.1 Berpuasa di Jalan Allah Menjauhkan Diri Dari Neraka Sejauh 70

Tahun Perjalanan ............................................................................................. 63

15.2 Berpuasa di Jalan Allah Menjauhkan Diri Dari Neraka Sejauh 100

Tahun Perjalanan ............................................................................................. 64

PUASA RAMADAN ......................................................................... 65

Hadith 16: Bersahur Membantu Puasa .......................................... 65

16.1 Sahur Membezakan Puasa Muslimin dan Puasa Ahli Kitab ............. 65

16.2 Sahur Membantu Kekuatan untuk Berpuasa ..................................... 65

16.3 Bersahurlah Walaupun Dengan Seteguk Air .................................... 66

16.4 Sunnah Menjadikan Sahur di Akhir Waktunya ................................. 66

16.5 Kebaikan Melewatkan Sahur ................................................................ 67

Hadith 17:  Waktu Imsak adalah Konsep Ihtiyat dalam Ibadat

Puasa ................................................................................................. 68

17.1 Jarak Antara Sahur Rasulullah  dan Azan Subuh ........................... 68

Hadith 18: Perbezaan Azan Keenam (Azan Bilal ) dan Azan

Subuh (Ibn Maktum ) Di Bulan Ramadan ................................... 70

18.1 Azan Bilal  Di Bulan Ramadan Tidak Menghalang Sahur ............. 70

18.2 Terbit Fajar al-Sadiq Yang Kemerahan Mengharamkan Makan dan

Minum ............................................................................................................... 71

18.3 Azan Bilal  dan Fajar Kadhib Tidak Mengharamkan Sahur ......... 71

18.4 Isu Hadith Yang Membenarkan Makan dan Minum Ketika Azan

Sedang Dilaungkan .......................................................................................... 72

18.5 Fatwa Melaka: Perbezaan al-Fajr al-Sadiq dan al-Fajr al-Kadhib .... 73

Hadith 19: Puasa (Siyam) Ramadan adalah Sebab Keampunan .. 76

19.1 Puasa Yang Terbaik adalah Yang Paling Banyak Zikrullah Padanya

 ............................................................................................................................ 76

Hadith 20: Doa Orang Yang Berpuasa Tidak Ditolak

Sehinggalah Dia Berbuka ................................................................ 78

20.1 Doa Mustajab Bagi Orang Yang Berpuasa Ketika Berbuka ............ 78

x

Hadith 21: Kewangian Mulut Orang Yang Berpuasa .................... 80

Hadith 22: Kelebihan Qiyam Ramadan .......................................... 82

22.1 Qiyam Ramadan Membersihkan Diri dari Dosa .............................. 82

22.2 Puasa dan Qiyam Membersihkan Diri dari Dosa ............................. 83

22.3 Rasulullah  Mengejutkan Ahli Keluarga Baginda ............................ 83

22.4 Puasa dan Qiyam Ramadan adalah Asas Amalan Agama ................ 84

22.5 Kebanyakan Bilangan Rakaat Solat Rasulullah  Pada Bulan

Ramadan dan Selainnya .................................................................................. 84

Hadith 23: I’tikaf Di Dalam Bulan Ramadan .................................. 86

23.1 Rasulullah  Mencari Malam Layt al-Qadr Dengan I’tikaf (i) ........ 86

23.2 Rasulullah  Mencari Malam Layt al-Qadr Dengan I’tikaf (ii) ....... 87

Hadith 24: Rasulullah  dan Asas Solat Tarawih........................... 90

24.1 Rasulullah  Tidak Mahu Membebankan Umat Baginda ................ 90

24.2 Rasulullah  Menyuruh Para Sahabat  Bersolat di Rumah ......... 91

24.3 Rasulullah  Diriwayatkan Pernah Bersolat Dua Puluh (20) Rakaat

Di Dalam Bulan Ramadan .............................................................................. 92

Hadith 25: Sunnah Saidina ʿUmar al-Khattab  dan Solat

Tarawih ............................................................................................. 94

25.1 Ambillah Teladan daripada Abu Bakr  dan ‘Umar  .................. 94

25.2 Keazaman Saidina ‘Umar  di Peringkat Permulaan dan Pujian

Beliau bagi Solat Tarawih Berjemaah .......................................................... 94

25.3 Saidina ‘Umar  Memerintahkan Saidina Ubayy Ibn Ka’b 

Menjadi Imam ................................................................................................... 96

25.4 Dua Puluh Tiga (23) Rakaat Solat Tarawih ....................................... 96

25.5 Dua Puluh (20) Rakaat Tarawih adalah Pendapat Kebanyakan

Ulama’ ............................................................................................................... 97

Hadith 26: Amalan Qunut di dalam Solat Witir pada Separuh

Akhir Ramadan ................................................................................ 99

26.1 Ubayy Ibn Ka’b  Membaca Qunut Di Separuh Kedua Ramadan

 .......................................................................................................................... 101

26.2 ʿAbdullah Ibn ʿUmar  Berqunut Dalam Witir Pada Separuh

Kedua Ramadan ............................................................................................. 101

Hadith 27: Rukhsah bagi Musafir Yang Berpuasa ........................ 102

27.1 Rasulullah  Melakukan Puasa Dalam Permusafiran ..................... 102

27.2 Berpuasa Ketika Bermusafir Tidak Digalakkan Bagi Orang Yang

Mendapat Mudarat Kerananya ................................................................... 103

27.3 Berbuka atau Berpuasa adalah Harus Bagi Orang Yang Bermusafir

 .......................................................................................................................... 103

Hadith 28: Tadarus al-Qur’an dan Sifat Pemurah Rasulullah 

di Bulan Ramadan .......................................................................... 105

28.1 Rasulullah  Bertadarus al-Quran dengan Jibril  Pada Bulan

Ramadan ......................................................................................................... 106

xi

28.2 Sedekah di Bulan Ramadan adalah Paling Afdal .............................. 107

Hadith 29: Puasa Ramadan Tidak Dapat Diganti Dengan

Seumpamanya Apabila Ditinggalkan Tanpa Uzur ...................... 108

29.1 Mengharapkan Seluruh Tahun adalah Ramadan ............................. 108

29.2 Azab Kerana Meninggalkan Puasa Wajib ......................................... 109

Hadith 30: Larangan Berpuasa Secara Wisal .............................. 110

30.1 Larangan Berpuasa Secara Wisal....................................................... 110

30.2 Rasulullah  Diberi Makan dan Minum oleh Allah ........................ 111

Hadith 31: Kelebihan ʿUmrah dan Berada di Mekah di Bulan

Ramadan ......................................................................................... 112

31.1 ‘Umrah di Bulan Ramadan Seumpama Haji Bersama Rasulullh 

 .......................................................................................................................... 112

31.2 Kelebihan Ramadan di Mekah ............................................................ 113

Hadith 32: Kemuliaan dan Kelebihan Malam Laylat al-Qadr ..... 114

32.1 Kurniaan Laylat al-Qadr adalah dari Harapan Rasulullah  ......... 114

32.2 Doa Bagi Malam Laylat al-Qadr ......................................................... 115

32.3 Pengetahuan Laylat al-Qadr Diangkat Kerana Pergaduhan.......... 115

32.4 Mencari Laylat al-Qadr Pada Malam Ganjil Sepuluh Terakhir

Ramadan ......................................................................................................... 116

32.5 Mencari Laylat al-Qadr Pada Tujuh (7) Malam Terakhir .............. 117

32.6 Malam ke-27 Ramadan ........................................................................ 117

Hadith 33: Kehinaan Bagi Seseorang Yang Tidak Diampunkan

Di dalam Bulan Ramadan .............................................................. 121

33.1 Tiga Jenis Manusia Yang Telah Jatuh Dalam Kehinaan .................. 122

Hadith 34: Perkara Yang Memusnahkan Pahala Puasa

(Muḥbiṭāt) dan Membatalkan Puasa (Mufṭirāt) ........................... 123

34.1 Memelihara Lidah dan Menjauhi Pertelingkahan ............................ 123

34.2 Orang Berpuasa dan Berjaga Malam dengan Ibadah Tetapi Tidak

Mendapat Apa-apa ........................................................................................ 124

34.3 Perkara Yang Tidak Membatalkan Puasa ......................................... 124

34.4 Makan Dan Minum Dengan Terlupa ................................................ 125

34.5 al-Kaffarah al-Kubra ............................................................................. 125

Hadith 35: Sunnah Berbuka Puasa ............................................... 129

35.1 Makanan Untuk Berbuka .................................................................... 129

35.2 Anjuran Menyegerakan Berbuka Puasa di Awal Waktu (1) ......... 130

35.3 Anjuran Menyegerakan Berbuka Puasa di Awal Waktu (2) ......... 130

35.4 Kegembiraan Sewaktu Berbuka......................................................... 131

35.5 Doa Berbuka Puasa .............................................................................. 131

Hadith 36: Memberi Makanan Untuk Berbuka ........................... 134

36.1 Mengenyangkan Orang Berbuka Puasa ............................................ 134

36.2 Doa Tetamu Yang Berpuasa Apabila Selesai Berbuka di sisi

Pemberi Jamuan ............................................................................................. 135

xii

PASCA RAMADAN ....................................................................... 136

Hadith 37: Kewajipan Mengeluarkan Zakat Fitrah ..................... 136

37.1 Puasa Tergantung Tanpa Zakat Fitrah ............................................. 136

37.2 Hikmah Penshariatan Zakat Fitrah ................................................... 137

Hadith 38: Hari Raya ‘Aid al-Fitri (Solat), Malamnya dan

Kegembiraannya ............................................................................ 140

38.1 Anjuran Menghidupkan Malam Hari Raya (1) ................................. 141

38.2 Anjuran Menghidupkan Malam Hari Raya (2) ................................. 141

38.3 Anjuran Menghidupkan Malam Hari Raya (3) ................................. 141

38.4 Lima Malam Yang Digalakkan Untuk Dihidupkan dengan Ibadah

 .......................................................................................................................... 142

38.5 Fatwa Imam al-Shafi’I  (a) ................................................................ 142

38.6 Fatwa Imam al-Shafi’i  (b) ................................................................ 142

38.7 Menghias Hari Raya dengan Takbir .................................................. 143

38.8 Larangan Berpuasa pada Dua Hari Raya .......................................... 144

Hadith 39: Puasan Enam Dari Bulan Shawwal ............................ 145

39.1 Enam Hari Puasa Bulan Shawwal Menyamai Puasa Dua Bulan .... 145

Hadith 40: Qada’ dan Fidyah Puasa .............................................. 149

40.1 Qada’ Puasa Bagi Orang Yang Telah Wafat .................................... 149

40.2 Fidyah Puasa Bagi Orang Yang Telah Wafat ................................... 149

BIBLIOGRAFI ................................................................................ 155

xiii

Fiqh (Mazhab al-Shafi’i dan Perbandingan)

Fiqh 1: Syarat-syarat Bagi Kewajipan Berpuasa ............................................... 1

Fiqh 2: Hukum Berpuasa pada Hari Syak dan Separuh Kedua Sha’ban .... 45

Fiqh 3: Penentuan Kewajipan Puasa Bulan Ramadan ................................... 52

Fiqh 4: Rukun-rukun Puasa ............................................................................... 58

Fiqh 5: Kaedah Berniat Bagi Puasa Ramadan ................................................. 58

Fiqh 6: Perkara-perkara Yang Disunatkan Bagi Orang Yang Berpuasa .... 67

Fiqh 7: Ciri-ciri Fajar al-Kazib ........................................................................... 74

Fiqh 8: Ciri-ciri Fajar al-Sadiq ........................................................................... 74

Fiqh 9: Hukum Bersiwak bagi Orang Yang Berpuasa .................................. 81

Fiqh 10: I’tikaf ...................................................................................................... 89

Fiqh 11: Solat Tarawih: Hukum dan Bilangan Rakaat ................................... 97

Fiqh 12: Mana Lebih Baik Bagi Orang Yang Bermusafir: Berpuasa atau

Berbuka? ............................................................................................................. 104

Fiqh 13: Hukum Berpuasa Secara Wisal....................................................... 111

Fiqh 14: Perkara-perkara Yang Membatalkan Puasa .................................. 124

Fiqh 15: Syarat-syarat Kaffarah Kubra .......................................................... 126

Fiqh 16: Perkara-perkara Yang Makruh Dilakukan Ketika Berpuasa ...... 127

Fiqh 17: Zakat Fitrah ........................................................................................ 137

Fiqh 18: Puasa Enam Shawwal ........................................................................ 146

Fiqh 19: Isu Menggabungkan Niat Qada’ Puasa dan Niat Puasa Enam

Shawwal .............................................................................................................. 146

Fiqh 20: Orang Yang Mati Meninggalkan Hutang Puasa ............................ 150

xiv

Fiqh 21: Jadual Ringkasan Hukum Berbuka, Fidyah dan Kaffarah ............ 151

Faedah

Faedah 1: Peristiwa-peristiwa Pada Hari ‘Ashura’ .......................................... 6

Faedah 2: Lapan Pintu Syurga ........................................................................... 25

Faedah 3: Makna “al-Nuzul” di dalam Nas Mutashabihat ........................... 40

Faedah 4: Doa Ramadan .................................................................................... 49

Faedah 5: Penjelasan Imam al-Tirmidhi Berkenaan Isu Qunut di dalam

Solat Witir ............................................................................................................ 99

Faedah 6: Pengajaran Hadith Tadarus Jibril  bersama Rasulullah  oleh

Imam al-Nawawi ............................................................................................... 105

Faedah 7: Panduan dan Pengalaman Imam al-Ghazali tentang Laylat al-

Qadr .................................................................................................................... 118

Faedah 8: Adab Mencari Laylat al-Qadr ....................................................... 119

Faedah 9: Doa Lengkap Berbuka Puasa dan Sumber Rujukannya ........... 131

155

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Industry Standards

Shariah Standard on Gold

The Shari’ah Standard on Gold

The AAOIFI Shari’ah Standard on Gold developed in collaboration with the World Gold Council offers definitive guidance on the use of gold in Islamic finance.

The Accounting and Auditing Organisation for Islamic Financial Institutions (AAOIFI)
 is recognised as the world leader in Islamic finance standards, and its rulings are widely accepted across many Islamic markets.

AAOIFI’s Shari’ah Standard on Gold, launched in 2016, has acted as a catalyst for the development of new Shari’ah- compliant gold products including gold investment accounts, physical gold ETFs, spot contracts and regular gold savings plans. Some of the world’s top Shari’ah scholars were involved in its development, including Sheikh Yusuf DeLorenzo and YBhg Tan Sri Dr Mohd. Daud Bakar.

“AAOIFI’s Shari’ah expertise and the World Gold Council’s industry know-how have ensured that the Standard becomes the basis not only for the inclusion of a historically and economically important asset class, but for the stability of Islamic Financial Institutions around the world.”

Sheikh Yusuf DeLorenzo, International Shari’ah Scholar

Five Most Important Principles of the Standard

The Standard sets out the conditions that must be met when investing or transacting in gold, ensuring that the world’s 1.6bn Muslims can benefit from Shari’ah-compliant gold products.

The Standard sets out several principles, the five most important being:

1.    Gold must be traded on a spot (hand-to-hand) basis;

2.    Gold can be owned on a physical or constructive basis;

3.    In the case of constructive possession, the gold has to be fully allocated;

4.    Allocation can occur through either a T+0 settlement, or the receipt of a certificate/ confirmation specifying bar ownership;

5.    Joint ownership is permissible, where each partner owns an undivided beneficial interest in a Trust.

The Standard is available for download in English, Arabic, and Turkish:

The AAOIFI Shari’ah Standard No. 57 on Gold and its Trading Controls

معيار أيوفي الشـرع رقم ٥٧الذهب وضوابط التعامل

AAOIFI - ŞERÎ STANDART NO: 57 ALTIN VE ALTIN İŞLEMLERİYLE İLGİLİ KURALLAR
به

Development and consultation process for the Shari’ah standard on gold

Islamic finance is a $2tn market, and in 2014 the World Gold Council partnered with Amanie Advisors to explore the role of gold in Islamic finance. Following a consultation process AAOIFI formed a working group which led to the launch of the Standard in 2016.

Key Facts

Over 1,000 Islamic finance institutions and experts involved in the consultation process.

Standard endorsed by AAOIFI’s Shari’ah board comprising 20 leading scholars from Saudi - Arabia, Pakistan, Egypt, Oman, Kuwait, Bahrain, Jordan, Libya, Syria, Morocco, Malayysia, Sudan and Mauritiana

Consultation events held in conjunction with the DMCC, ISRA, Participation Banks Association of Turkey, Bank Negara Malaysia, Central Bank of Sudan, and the Central Bank of Oman.

Launched at a series of events held in conjunction with the World Islamic Banking Conference in Bahrain, the Dubai Multi Commodities Centre, Bank Indonesia, and the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey.

AAOIFI Standards are used worldwide and automatically or voluntarily adopted in many jurisdictions. In 2018, the UAE was the latest country to make AAOIFI Standards mandatory

 Responsible Gold Mining Principles (RGMPs)

RGMPs™ Implementation and Assurance

Conflict-Free Gold Standard

Guidance Note on non-GAAP metrics

Guidance Note on Expenditure Definitions

Retail Gold Investment Principles

Shariah Standard on Gold

Accounting for Monetary Gold

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

AL-WIRD AL-LATIF

Al-Imam Qutb al-Daʿwah wa al-Irshad

Abdullah Ibn ʿAlawi al-Haddad al-ʿAlawi al-Husayni



Kekerapan Bacaan Bil

3 kali
ٱ ٻ ٻ ٻ ٻ  پ .    ھ ھ ھ ھ

پ پ  پ ڀ ڀ ڀ ڀ  ٺ ٺ ٺ

 ٺ ٿ ٿ

1

3 kali
ٿ ٿ ٹ ٹ ٹ  ٹ .  ھ ھ ھ ھ

ڤ ڤ ڤ ڤ  ڦ ڦ ڦ ڦ ڄ ڄ  ڄ ڄ

 ڃ ڃ ڃ ڃ    چ چ چ چ ڇ ڇ

2

3 kali
ڇ ڇ ڍ ڍ ڌ  . ھ ھ ھ ھ

ڌ ڎ ڎ    ڈ ڈ ژ  ژ ڑ ڑ

ک ک  ک ک گ گ گ گ  ڳ

 ڳ ڳ ڳ

3

3 kali
 ڱ ڱ ڱ ں ں ڻڻ ڻ ۀ ۀ ہ

4

1 kali
  ے ے ۓ ۓ ڭ ڭ ڭ ڭ ۇ

ۇ ۆ ۆ ۈ ۈ ٴۇ ۋ ۋ ۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ

ې ې ې ى ى ائ ائ ەئ ەئ وئ وئ ۇئ   ې

ىئ ىئ ىئ ی   ۇئ ۆئ ۆئ ۈئ ۈئ ېئ ېئ ېئ

   ی ی ی جئ

5

1 kali
ٿ ٿ ٹ   ڀ ٺ ٺ ٺ ٺ ٿ ٿ

ڤ ڦ ڦ   ڤٹ ٹ ٹ ڤ ڤ

ڦ ڦ ڄ ڄ ڄ ڄ ڃ ڃ ڃ ڃ چ

 چ چ

6

3 kali  َََاهلل ب ََوذَ عَ أ الس
َعَ الَ َيعَ مَ

ََنَ مَ َيمَ ل  َيمَ جَ الرَ َنَ طاَ يَ الش  7

1 kali
 . ھ ھ ھ ھ

ڈ ژ ژ ڑ ڑ ک ک ک ک گ

گ گ گ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڳ ڱ ڱ

ڱ ں ں ڻ ڻ ڻ ڻ ۀ ۀ ہ ہ ہ ہ   ڱ

ھ ے ے ۓ ۓ ڭ ڭ ڭ   ھ ھ ھ

8

ڭ ۇ ۇ ۆ ۆ ۈ

ۉ ې   ۈ ٴۇ ۋ ۋ ۅ ۅ ۉ

ې ې ى ى ائ ائ ەئ ەئ وئ وئ ۇئ ې

 ۇئ ۆئ ۆئ ۈئ ۈئ ېئ ېئ

1 kali
  ٺ ٿ ٿ ٿ ٿ  ڀ ڀ ڀ ٺ ٺ ٺ

 ٹ ٹ ٹ ٹ ڤ

 9

3 kali َ ل ق  اَخ  َم  ِّ ََش  ن
َم  ات  الت ام  َاهللَ

ت  َم
ل  َب ك  وذ  َأ ع  10

3 kali َ ء  َم  َالس
ِف  الَ  َو  ض  َا أل ر  ٌءَِف  ه ََش   م  َاس  ع  َم  ُّ ي ُض  يَالَ

َاهلل َال ذ  م  ب س

يمَ
ل  َال ع  يع

م  َالس  و  ه  َو

11

3 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  َأَ َّنِّ َح َبَ ص  َن َمَ َت  ََك  َوَ مَ عَ َِ َِف  َعَ ٍة
َوَ يَ اف  ٍَة ٍَس  َفَ ت  َمَ ت  َــأَ ،

َتَ مَ عَ ِ َ َ عَ َك  َعَ َوَ ل
َتَ يَ اف  َوَ َك

َ س  ََكَ ت
َاَ اَوَ يَ َِ َالَُُِّّف  رَ آلخ

َةَ

12

4 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  َأَ َّنِّ َح َبَ ص  َأَ َت  َأَ وَ َكَ ُّ َهَ ش  َ َُّ َهَ ش  َرَ عَ َةَ لَ ح
َش  َلَ مَ وَ َك

َكَ ئ  َتـ ك

َ وَ  ََيعَ ج  لَ خ
َقَ  َأَ َك  ََِ أَ َِـ ك  ََِ أَ َال َإ ََهَ ل َ إ ََال ََاهلل َت  ََش  ََال ََكَ ُّ َح َوَ َت  َيك

َلَ  َأَ وَ َ،ك  َس  َ َِ ُّ َيَِّن  َرَ وَ َكَ ُّ َبَ ًُّاَعَ مَ اَم  َولَ س  ََك

13

3 kali  ََرَ َهلل    َُّ َمَ ل َ ا َعَ الَ َبِّ
َ َيَ ال   َوَ ًُّاَيَ ح  َوَ مَ عَ َِ َاِف  َكَ يَ ه

ََهَ يُّ َزَ مَ َئَ اف
14

3 kali
َن َآمَ  َعَ الَ َاهلل ب ََت

َرَ فَ كَ وَ َ،يمَ ظ  َ ب ََت  َبَ ال  َاغَ الطَ وَ َت  َ،وت  15

َوَ  َمَ تَ اس  َكَ س  وَ رَ عَ الَ ب ََت
َِ َىَال َقَ ثَ وَ الَ َةَ  َفَ ا ََاهلل اَوَ ل َ َامَ ص  س

َعَ َيعٌَمَ
ََيمٌَل

3 kali
َرَ

َض  َلَ اَ ب َوَ َ،بـّاًَرَ َاهلل ب ََيت  َمَ لَ س
َب َوَ َ،يناًَدَ  يَِّس

 َُّ َِ َ َم  َمَ ا َص  ٍَُّ ََاهلل َّل

يَ لَ عَ
َوَ َهَ

َوَ َهَ آل  َرَ وَ َـايَ ب ََِ َمَ لَ س  َوالًَس

16

7 kali
ۋ ۅ ۅ ۉ ۉ ې ې ې ې ى ى ائ ائ

  ەئ

17

10 kali  ََللَ ا َص  م  َعَ ه  َلِّ َّل  يََِّس
 َُّ َِ َ َعَ ٍََُّوَ مَ اَم  َّل

َوَ َهَ َآل  ب َح َص
َوَ َهَ  ََمَ لَِّس

18

1 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  ََأَ ّنِّ َلَ أَ س  ة َال َ َنَ مَ َك  اء  ج  ف
 َ َب ََوذَ عَ أَ وَ َي  ََنَ مَ َك  ِّ ة َالّش  اء  ج  َف  19

1 kali  ََأَ للَ ا م  ََِ ه  َرَ َت  ََِ أَ َال َإ ََهَ ل َ إ َََال َّبِّ ََت  َعَ َِ أَ ي،َوَ ن َتَ قَ لَ خ  َعَ َِ أَ وَ َكَ ُّ َبَ ا َا َّل

هَ عَ
عَ وَ وَ َكَ َُّ

َمَ َكَ َُّ  َاس  َعَ طَ تَ ا َأَ ت  َب ََوذَ عَ ، ََنَ مَ َك  ِّ ََمَ َش  َص  َعَ ن َا ،َت

َلَ َوءَ بَ أَ  َمَ عَ ن َب ََك
َت  َ عَ َك  وَ َل

َفَ ب ََِ ذ َب ََوءَ بَ أَ  ََرَ فَ اغَ ي هَ إ ََفَ ل  غَ يَ َال ََِ
َرَ فَ

ََِ الذَُّ ََِ أَ َال َإ ََوب  َت

20

1 kali  ََأَ للَ ا م  ََِ ه  َرَ َت  ََِ أَ َال َإ ََهَ لَ إ َََال َّبِّ َيَ لَ عَ َ،ت  َلَ كَ وَ تَ َك  ََِ أَ وَ َت  َرَ َت  بُّ

َعَ الَ َشَ رَ عَ الَ
َ،َمَ يمَ ظ  َيَ َاَل  َمَ وَ َانَ كَ َاهلل َاءَ اَش  ش

َوَ ح ََال َوَ َ،نَ كَ يَ َل  ََأَ  َل

َِّعَ الَ َاهللَ ب ََال َإ ََةَ وَ قَ َال َوَ
َعَ الَ َل

َعَ َاهللَ َنَ أَ َمَ لَ عَ أَ َ،يمَ ظ  ََكَ ّل  ََش   َءٍَلِّ

َكَ ب ََاطَ ح َأَ َُّ َقَ َاهلل َنَ أَ وَ َ،يرٌََُّ قَ  ََلِّ َءٍََش
َإ َللَ اَ َ،َمًَلَ عَ  م  َه  َب ََوذَ عَ َأَ ّنِّ َك

ََنَ مَ  ِّ َِ َش  َفَ َ َوَ س
ََنَ مَ  ِّ َدَ كَ ََش  َأَ ابَ لِّ ََِ ٍة َن َب ٌََذَآخ ََت  َيَ اص

َرَ إ ََ،اهَ ت  َن  َّبِّ

21

َعَ  َّل
 ِ َاٍطَمَ َ تَ س

ََيمٍَقَ

1 kali
َح َيَ  َيَ ا َقَ يُّ َ رَ ب ََ،يـُّومَ ا َح

َت  َأَ َك  تَ س
َغَ  َوَ يث  ،

َاب َذ َعَ َنَ مَ  َأَ َك  ،َيَ جَ تَ س

َأَ  َص
ََح َل  َل  َأَ َش  َوَ ّن  ، ه  ل  َإ َن َلَ ك َتَ َال ََك  َي َِ ل  َفَ َ َإ ََال ََوَ س  َح ََأَ ل  ٍُّ

َنَ مَ

َ َقَ لَ خ  ٍَعَ َةَ فَ رَ طَ َك  َي

22

1 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  َب ََوذَ عَ َأَ ّنِّ َوَ ال َ َنَ مَ َك  َوَ نَ زَ ال َ مِّ َب ََوذَ عَ أَ ، َزَ ج َعَ الَ َنَ مَ َك

َكَ الَ وَ  َب ََوذَ عَ أَ ،َوَ لَ س  َبَ الَ وَ َنَ بَ ال َ َنَ مَ َك  َب ََوذَ عَ أَ ،َوَ لَ خ  بَ لَ غَ َنَ مَ َك
َةَ

ج َالرََِّرَ هَ قَ وَ َنَ يَ الُّ َ
َالَ

23

1 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  ََأَ ّنِّ َلَ أَ س  َعَ الَ َك
ََةَ يَ اف  َاَ اَوَ يَ َِ َالَُُِّّف  رَ آلخ

َةَ  24

1 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  ََأَ ّنِّ َلَ أَ س  َعَ الَ وَ َوَ فَ عَ الَ َك
ََةَ مَ ائ َالُّ ََاةَ افَ عَ ال َ وَ َةَ يَ اف  ِف

يَين ََدَ

َهَ أَ وَ َايَ يَ َِ دَ وَ
َمَ َوَ ل  َال

25

1 kali  ََللَ ا َاس  م  َ ه  َرَ وَ عَ َت  َوَ ات
َعَ وَ رَ َنَ آمَ  َات  26

1 kali  ََاح َللَ ا م  َمَ ن َظَ فَ ه  َ بَ َنَ ي َوَ ُّ َيَ َي  ي
ََنَ مَ  لَ خ

َوَ فَ  يَ َنَ عَ ي
َوَ ين َمَ  َنَ عَ ي

َ َش  ََم  َوَ ل
وَ فَ َنَ مَ

َمَ ظَ عَ ب ََوذَ عَ أَ ي،َوَ قَ
َت  َتَ غَ أَ َنَ أَ َك  َال

َ َنَ مَ  َت
َيت

27

1 kali  ََأَ للَ ا م  ََِ ه  ََت  َوَ ن َتَ قَ لَ خ  ََِ أَ ي َ َت  ت
ََِ أَ وَ َ،يين ََُّ  َمَ عَ طَ تَ َت

َوَ ن  ََِ أَ ي َت

َتَ  س
ََِ أَ وَ َ،يين َقَ  َوَ ن َيتَ ت  ََت  ََِ أَ ي َ َت  َي َت

ََِ أَ وَ َ،يين  َعَ َت  ََكَ ّل  ََلِّ َءٍََش

َيرٌََُّ قَ

28

1 kali  ََأ َعَ َان َح َبَ ص  َّل
رَ طَ َف

َلَ اَ َةَ  َعَ وَ َمَ لَ س  ََكَ ّل
مَ ل

َلَ اَ َةَ  َعَ وَ َصَ لَ خ  ّل
َينَ َدَ

َن َيَِّب ََِ  يَِّاَس
 َُّ َِ َ ََ-ٍَُّمَ اَم  َص  يَ لَ عَ ََاهلل ّل

َوَ َهَ
َوَ َهَ آل  َعَ وَ َ-َمَ لَ س  ّل

ةَ َمَ  اَين َب َأَ َل

َ يَِّس
َإ ََِ َُّ  رَ بَ ا

يَ لَ عَ َ-َمَ يَ اهَ
َعَ وَ َهَ  َِ ّل  َأَ ن َيَِّب ََ َفَ ا َض  ََل  َوَ َةَ لَ الص  َ-َمَ لَ الس

َح َ
َيفًاَمَ ن  َس

َانَ اَكَ مَ ًَمَوَ ل
َيَ ك َّش  َال َ َنَ مَ

29

1 kali  ََللَ ا م  َب َه  َأَ َك  َب َوَ َ،ان َح َبَ ص  َمَ أَ َك  َب َوَ َ،ناَ يَ س  ََِ َك  َوَ يَ ح  َب َا َمَ َِ َك  َ،وت

َيَ لَ عَ وَ  َكَ وَ تَ َِ َك  َيَ لَ إ َوَ َ،ل  َالنََُّك  َورَ ش

30

1 kali  ََأ َأَ اَوَ ن َح َبَ ص  َلَ ال َ َح َبَ ص  َالَ رَ َهلل   َُّ َمَ ال َ وَ َ،هلل   َك  َعَ بِّ
َيَ ال

31

1 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  ََأَ ّنِّ َلَ أَ س  ََك  َ خ  َالَ ذ َه َ َي  َتَ فَ َمَ وَ يَ ا ََِ وَ َهَ ح  َهَ تَ كَ رَ بَ وَ َهَ ورَ َِ وَ َهَ ص

َاهَ ُّ َهَ وَ

32

1 kali  ََإ َللَ ا م  َه  ََأَ ّنِّ َلَ أَ س  ََك  َ خ  َالَ ذ َه َ َي  َوَ َمَ وَ يَ ا َ خ  ََامَ َي
َوَ َ،يهَ ف  َ خ  َمَ َي  َهَ لَ بَ قَ ا

َوَ  َ خ  َمَ َي  َوَ هَ ُّ َعَ بَ ا َب ََوذَ عَ أَ ، ََنَ مَ َك  ِّ َالَ ذ َه َ ََش  َوَ َمَ وَ يَ ا ِّ ََمَ َش  َ،يهَ ف َا

َوَ  ِّ َوَ َهَ لَ بَ قَ اَمَ ََش  ِّ َهَ ُّ َعَ بَ اَمَ ََش

33

1 kali  ََمَ للَ ا م  َه  َأَ ا ََح َبَ ص  ّب
ََنَ َمَ

َأَ مَ عَ ِ  ح َأَ بَ َوَ ٍة
َمَ  ََنَ ٍُّ لَ خ

َقَ  َن َمَ فَ َ،ك  َك

ََش  ََال ََكَ ُّ َح َوَ  َلَ َيك  َلَ فَ َ،ك  َلَ وَ َُّ َمَ ال َ َك  ََك  َعَ َرَ كَ الشُّ ََذ َ ّل
َل  َك

34

3 kali َ َب َوَ َاهلل َانَ ح َبَ س  مَ ح
ََدَ ُّ َعَ َ،هَ َُّ  لَ خ

َرَ وَ َ،هَ قَ  َفَ َِ َاءَ ض
َرَ عَ َةَ َِ زَ وَ َ،هَ س

َ،هَ ش

وَ
َكَ َادَ ُّ َمَ

َل  ََم
ََهَ ت

35

3 kali َ َعَ الَ َاهلل َانَ ح َبَ س
َب َوَ َيمَ ظ  مَ ح

ََدَ ُّ َعَ َ،هَ َُّ  لَ خ
َرَ وَ َ،هَ قَ  َفَ َِ َاءَ ض

َةَ َِ زَ وَ َ،هَ س

َرَ عَ
وَ َ،هَ ش

َكَ َادَ ُّ َمَ
َل  ََم

َهَ ت

36

1 kali َ َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهلل َانَ ح َبَ س  َلَ اَخ  ََق  َِف  ََالس  َم
َءَ  َبَ ،َس  َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهلل َانَ ح  َلَ اَخ  َق

َ َضَ رَ أل ََاَ ِف  َبَ ،َس  َ اَبَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهلل َانَ ح  َذ َ َي
َل  َك  َبَ ،َس  اَمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهلل َانَ ح

ََوَ هَ  َخ
َ*ٌَقَال

َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َهلل    َُّ َمَ ل َ اَ  َخ  َلَ ا ََق  َِف  ََالس  َم
َاَ ءَ  َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َهلل    َُّ َمَ ل َ ، َخ  َلَ ا ََق  َِف

َاَ ضَ رَ أل َاَ  َبَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َهلل    َُّ َمَ ل َ ، َ ا َذ َ َي
َل  َاَ ك  َهَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َهلل    ََُّ َمَ ل َ ، َوَ ا

َ َ*ٌَقَال َخ

َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهلل َال َإ ََهَ ل َ إ ََال َ َخ  َلَ ا ََق  َِف  ََالس  َم
َال َءَ  اَمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهلل َال َإ ََهَ ل َ إ ََ،

َ َلَ خ  ََق  َ اَبَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهلل َال َإ ََهَ ل َ إ ََ،َال َضَ رَ أل ََاَ ِف  َذ َ َي
َل  َاهلل ََال َإ ََهَ ل َ إ ََ،َال َك

ََوَ اَهَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ  َخ
َ*ٌَقَال

َ كَ أَ َهلل اَ  َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َب  َخ  َلَ ا ََق  َِف  ََالس  َم
َاَ ءَ  َ كَ أَ َهلل ، َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َب  َخ  َلَ ا ََق  َِف

َاَ ضَ رَ أل َاَ  َ كَ أَ َهلل ، َبَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َب  َ ا َذ َ َي
َل  َاَ ك  َ كَ أَ َهلل ، َهَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َب  َوَ ا

َ َ*ٌَقَال َخ

َوَ ح ََال َ َِّعَ الَ َاهلل َب ََال َإ ََةَ وَ قَ َال َوَ َل
َعَ الَ َل

َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َيمَ ظ  َلَ اَخ  ََق  َِف  ََالس  َم
،َءَ

َوَ ح ََال َ َِّعَ الَ َاهلل ب ََال َإ ََةَ وَ قَ َال َوَ َل
َعَ الَ َل

َمَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َيمَ ظ  َخ  َلَ ا ََق  َِف

َوَ ح ََ،َال َضَ رَ أل َاَ  َِّعَ الَ َاهللَ ب ََال َإ ََةَ وَ قَ َال َوَ َل
َعَ الَ َل

َبَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َيمَ ظ  َ ا َي

37

َل َذ َ  َوَ ح ََ،َال َك  َِّعَ الَ َاهلل ب ََال َإ ََةَ وَ قَ َال َوَ َل
َعَ الَ َل

ََوَ اَهَ مَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َيمَ ظ  َخ
ٌَقَال

*َ

3 kali َ ََش  ََال ََهَ ُّ َح َوَ َاهلل َال َإ ََهَ ل َ إ ََال َلَ هَ لَ َيك  َلَ ال َ َهَ ، ،َحيييَُّ َمَ ال َ َهَ لَ وَ َك

َعَ َوَ هَ وَ َويميت، ََكَ ّل  ََش   َذَ كَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َ،يرٌََُّ قَ َءٍَلِّ ٍةَأَ لِّ َلَ ر  ََةٍَرَ مَ َف

38

3 kali  ََوَ َمَ هَ للَ ا َصلِّ َعَ َمَ لَِّس  َّل  يََِّس
 َُّ َِ َ مَ اَم

َتَ فَ ٍَُّمَ  َبَ َاح  َ رَ َاب  ح
َدَ ُّ َعَ َاهللَ َةَ

َمَ  ََاهلل َمَ لَ َعَ اَِف  َص  ًَةَوَ ل  َس  َ مَ ائ َمًاَدَ ل  َلَ مَ َامَ وَ ُّ َب ََي  َعَ وَ َاهلل َك  َّل
َهَ َآل

َوَ  ب َح َص
َذَ كَ َدَ ُّ َعَ َهَ  َلَ ّرٍةَأَ لِّ َةٍَرَ مَ َف

39

4 kali َ اء  اَش  َم  َاهلل  م  َاهلل .َب س  َإ ال  ي   َال   وق  َي س  َاهلل ،َال  اء  اَش  َم  َاهلل  م  ب س

َ ن
َم  ان  اَك  َاهلل ،َم  اء  اَش  َاهلل َم  م  اهلل .َب س  َإ الَ  وء  َالسُّ ف  ي ص   اهلل ،َالَ

َاهلل ،َ اء  اَش  َاهلل َم  م  َاهلل .َب س  ن
م  ٍةَف  م  ع

َوَ ح ََال َِ  اهلل .إ ََةَ وَ قَ َال َوَ َل  َالَ

40


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MASHAYIKH
Di antara para guru dan mashayikh bagi “Penuntut Ilmu” dari sistem talaqqi dan sanad adalah:
Tuan Guru Dr. Jahid Sidek al-Naqshabandi al-Khalidi

Tuan Guru Baba Wan Abdul Aziz Bin Ahmad Al-Shafi’i al-Fatani al-Makki (Baba Aziz)

Tuan Guru Sheikh Ahmad Fahmi Zamzam al-Banjari al-Nadwi al-Maliki (Bekal Akhirat; Burdah; Isra’ dan Mi’raj)

al-Shaykh Muhammad Danial al-Muhajir al-Dimashqi (Ijazah ‘Ammah)

Tuan Guru Baba Haji Ghazali (Baba Li Sekam)

al-Shaykh Dr. Hisham Kamil al-Azhari (Arbain

Prof. Madya Dr. Najm Ibn Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khalaf al-Rawashidi

al-Shaykh Dr. Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin ‘Ali Muhyiddin

Shaykh Nabil (Sunan al-Darimi)

al-Shaykh al-Muhaddith Dr. Yusri Rushdi al-Azhari (Mukhtasar Abi Jamrah)

al-Shaykh Gibril Fuad Haddad al-Naqshabandi

al-Shaykh al-Musnid Muti’

al-Musnid Ustaz Mohd Zaidi Abdullah

Maulana Lambak Terengganu (Ijazah ‘Ammah)

Tuan Guru Haji Zakaria Pondok Batu Sepuluh (Wishah al-Afrah)

Kiyai Idrus Ramli

Shaykh Wan Izzuddin

Maulana Hussein Abdul Qader al-Yusufi

al-Shaykh ‘Umar al-Khatib (al-Ma’fuwwat)

Tuan Guru Baba Mat Mawi (al-Maqulat)

Tuan Guru Ustaz Ridha’uddin (Faridah al-Fara’id)

Kiyai Abdul Fattah (al-Waraqat)

Kiyai Abdurrahim al-Makki

Kiyai Tayfur (Ijazah)

Shaykh Muhammad ‘Awad Manqush

Shaykh Yusuf al-Bakhouri

Shaykh Toha al-Yamani

al-Shaykh Umar Kamil

al-Shaykh Dr. al-Sayyid Usamah al-Azhari

al-Shaykh Ibrahim al-Kattani

Habib Ali al-Jufri

Shaykh Abd Rauf

Shaykh Ninowi

Tuan Guru Baba Ismail Sepanjang
Dan lain-lain.
PENGAJIAN TALAQQI
2019
2019, 12 Mac (Selasa). Thulathiyyat Imam al-Bukhari. (Bersanad) al-Shaykh Dr. Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin ‘Ali Muhyiddin. 8.00 mlm – 10.00 mlm. Dewan Solat Utama, Kompleks Tuanku Muhriz USIM.
2019, 10 Mac (Ahad). al-Hikam – al-Imam Abdullah Ibn ‘Alawi al-Haddad. (Bersanad). al-Shaykh Dr. Muhammad Bin Abdullah Bin ‘Ali Muhyiddin. 8.00 mlm – 10.00 mlm. Dewan Solat Utama, Kompleks Tuanku Muhriz USIM.
2019, 3 Mac 2019. Pengajian Kitab Akidah Ahlussunnah wal-Jamaah: Penjelasan Sifat 20. Kiyai Idrus Ramli. 8.30 – 1 petang. Masjid al-Ikhlas, Sekyen 13, Shah Alam. [AQIDAH]
2019, 25 Februari. Pengajian Kitab Jam’ al-Jawami’ oleh al-Imam Taj al-Din al-Subki. Baba Hj Ghazali al-Fatani. Pusat Islam USIM. Selepas Maghrib sehingga jam 10 malam. [Dari awal sehingga: al-Fiqh ….)] [USUL AL-FIQH]
2019, …… Pengajian Kitab Sunan Abi Dawud. Dari awal sehingga hadith no. . Rumah Ustaz Zaidi Abdullah al-Shah Alami. [HADITH]
2018
2018, 4 April. Ahad. Prof. Madya Dr. Najm Ibn Abd al-Rahman Ibn Khalaf al-Rawashidi. 3 ptg – 7 mlm. Pusat Islam USIM. Kitab: (1) Kitab al-‘Umr wa al-Shayb, (2) Kalam al-Layali wa al-Ayyam li Ibn Adam, kedua-duanya oleh al-Imam Ibn Abi al-Dunya. [Bi al-ijazah al-khassah wa al-sanad].
Kiyai Idrus Ramli.
2017
Maulana Hussein Abdul Qader al-Yusufi. Daurah Pengajian Hadith. 2017. Dewan Kuliah Fakulti 1.2, FKP, USIM. Matan Bayquniyyah. 3 ptg – 10 malam. 17 Mac 2017. Manzumah Bayquniyyah
Maulana Hussein Abdul Qader al-Yusufi. Daurah Pengajian Hadith. 2017. Dewan Kuliah Fakulti 1.2, FKP, USIM. 8 pg – 12 tgh. 18 Mac 2017. Arbain Nawawiyyah
al-Shaykh ‘Umar al-Khatib (Hadramawt, Yaman). al-Ma’fuwwat 13 Mei 2017 (Sabtu). 8.45 pg – 5.00 ptg. Dewan Kuliah Fakulti 1.2, Fakulti Kepimpinan & Pengurusan (FKP), Univ Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM).
2016
2016, 10 Disember. Ahad. al-Maqulat al-‘Ashar. Baba Mat Mawi. Pusat Pengajian Teras, USIM.
2016, 3-4 Disember. Pengajar: TG Baba Hj Ghazali (Baba Li). Dewan Tunku Canselor USIM. Anjuran: Matan al-Kharidah al-Bahiyyah oleh al-Imam Abu al-Barakat al-Dardir al-Maliki.
2016,  TG Baba Hj Ghazali (Baba Li). Dewan Islam Paroi. Kalimah Hadi’ah.
2016, 23 Oktober. Matan al-Waraqat fi Usul al-Fiqh. Kiyai Abdul Fattah. Gedung Pesantren DarutTauhid, Gedung Sari Purworejo, Indonesia. Rumah Dr. Asmaddy. Bacaan secara sard dengan ta’liqat nahwiyyah.
2016, 5 Disember. Matan al-Waraqat fi Usul al-Fiqh oleh Imam al-Haramayn Abu al-Ma’ali al-Juwayni al-Shafi’e. Pengajar: al-Shaykh Dr. Mustafa Dib al-Bugha. Bilik Mesyuarat Utama, FSU, USIM.
2016, 15 Mei. Umdat al-Ahkam min Kalam Khayr al-Anam. (Bersanad) al-Shaykh Muhammad Abu Bakr Daniel al-Muhajir al-Dimashqi. ASWAJA Learning Centre, Bangi.
2016, 15 Mei. al-Musalsalat al-Asharah & al-Awa’il al-Sunbuliyyah. (Bersanad) al-Shaykh Muhammad Abu Bakr Daniel al-Muhajir al-Dimashqi. ASWAJA Learning Centre, Bangi.
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
2010
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
Hadith Musalsal
Hadith al-Rahman al-Musalsal bi al-Awwaliyyah
al-Shaykh Muhammad Danial.

Kiyai Fattah
al-Hadith Musalsal bi al-Mahabbah.
Kiyai Fattah
al-Hadith al-Musalsal bi al-Mushabakah.
Kiyai Fattah
Aqidah
Faridat al-Faraid oleh al-Shaykh Ahmad al-Fatani
Baba ‘Abdul Aziz al-Fatani.
Fiqh
Tasawwuf
al-Qur’an & Ulumnya
al-Hadith & Ulumnya
al-Shaykh al-Musnid Muhammad Danial al-Muhajir al-Dimashqi.
TG Sheikh Abd Raof Tampin.
al-Shaykh Muhammad Danial al-Muhajir al-Dimashqi.
Bahasa Arab dan Adab
Mantiq
Manhaj Pengajian Turath
Manhaj Menuntut Ilmu
Manhaj Penguasaan Ilmu
PENGAJARAN TALAQQI
Arbain Uqlishiyyah.
2017, April 11. (Selasa). Labuan. (sempurna)
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قاموس تصريف الأفعال

مقدمة

قاموس

قاموس تصريف الأفعال

مقدمة

القسم الأول: الجداول التصريفية

القسم الثاني: قائمة الأفعال

الفهرس


WAQF INSTRUMENTS FOR CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT: AN

ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE

Abdullaah Jalil

Asharaf Mohd Ramli

Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM)

ABSTRACT

The waqf instruments for construction and development of property are still underutilized

in this country. Taking into consideration the increasing cost of construction and limited

sources of funds, the potential of waqf instruments to attract more public funds should

not be ignored. Waqf instruments could be developed for financing the development of

several institutions such as universities, research centres and et cetera. The paper aims to

study and analyze the structure of waqf instruments that could be further developed for

construction of potential assets. This includes the risks, parties involved, advantages as

well as disadvantages. It is a conceptual paper and the authors apply the inductive and

deductive methods as well as analysis of the relevant literatures to reach at the findings.

The findings suggest several methods and structures of waqf instruments for future

development. It could be significant for those institutions that have planned to apply this

concept in the nearest future.

Keywords: Waqf, endowments, waqf property, construction, Islamic financial

instruments

Abdullaah Jalil and Asharaf Mohd. Ramli (2008). Waqf Instruments for Construction

Contract: An Analysis of Structure. Presented at the 3rd Islamic Banking, Accounting

and Finance (iBAF) 2008, Kuala Lumpur, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia (USIM).

 1

Introduction

The waqf instruments for construction and development of property (e.g. buildings) are

still underutilized in Malaysia. Taking into consideration the increasing cost of

construction and limited sources of funds, the potential of waqf instruments to attract

more public funds should not be ignored. Waqf instruments could be developed for

financing the development of several institutions that could such as universities, hostels

for poor students, research centres, orphanage house and et cetera.

For the purpose of the discussion, the construction contract is defined as “formal

agreement for construction, alteration, or repair of buildings or structures (bridges,

dams, facilities, roads, tanks, etc.).”
1
 The discussion of the paper is on the possible

framework that could be adopted in the construction contract for waqf buildings. It could

provide a preliminary or general framework that could be discussed in details later.

Problem Statement

Some institutions may have limited fund to develop their buildings that are necessary to

the operation of their tasks/roles. At the same time, the institutions may have significant

contribution and roles in the development of the Muslim community. Hence, considering

the concept of waqf as a mechanism to raise fund from the public, corporate institutions,

rich individuals and etc. for the construction of buildings is essential.

Objectives of the Paper

This paper aims:

 to study and analyze the structure of waqf instruments that could be developed

for construction project

 to suggest the framework of waqf instruments that suitable for construction

project

 to analyze and illustrate the advantages and disadvantages of this scheme based

on a possible implementation at public universities

It is a conceptual and theoretical paper and the authors apply the inductive and deductive

methods as well as analysis of the relevant literatures to reach at the findings. The

findings shall suggest the structure of waqf instruments for future development. It could

be significant for those institutions that have planned to apply this concept in the nearest

future.

1
 Source: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/construction-contract.html

http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/construction-contract.html

 2

Literature Review

Waqf or Islamic endowment is a well-known topic in the area of Islamic economics,

Islamic finance and Islamic juriprudence. The topic has been discussed in great details in

the literatures of Islamic jurisprudence especially and Islamic studies generall by the

Islamic jurists and scholars for hundreds years. In general, waqf could be categorized into

several categories from three different aspects i.e. timing of waqf, purpose of waqf (the

beneficiaries) and the waqf object.

In principle, the timing of waqf must be permanent. However, it could be temporary in

accordance to the Malikiyyah (al-Zuhayli, 2000). In term of the purpose of the waqf, the

waqf could be made to the family of al-waqif (donour) or to the public for the charitable

purposes. The charitable purposes could be general or specific (e.g. for the purpose of

education only). However, from the managerial perspective, general waqf is better than

the specific waqf as it gives more flexibility to the manager to develop the waqf property

in order to optimize the benefit of the waqf. In term of the object of waqf, generally it

could be moveable or immoveable. (See Figure 1 for illustration).

Figure 1: The Categories of Waqf in Islamic Jurisprudence

WAQF

PURPOSE

OBJECT

TIMING

PERMANENT

TEMPORARY

CHARITY

MOVEABLE

IMMOVEABLE

FAMILY

GENERAL

SPECIFIC

Nowadays, the main issues related to waqf properties or assets are the management and

development aspects. Most of the current literatures focus on the development of waqf

property rather than the establishment of new waqf property. Sources for the financing

and development of waqf property could be obtained from (al-Misri, 2005):

i. The property of al-waqif (donour)

ii. The property of al-mawquf
c
alayh (beneficiaries)

iii. The revenue of the waqf property

iv. The revenue of other waqf property

v. Baitumal for maslahah (public interest)

vi. Reserves from the revenue of the waqf property

vii. The sale of a portion of waqf property to develop the remaining portion of

waqf property

 3

viii. The lease of the waqf property with advanced rentals

ix. Charities

x. Loan or debts (without interest)

Developing waqf properties according to Abu Zahrah (2007) is essential to make sure

that these assets are continuously provided benefits or usufruct to the beneficiaries as

stipulated by the founder. Cizaksa (1998) states that waqf institutions during Ottomon

Empire are responsible in providing public facilities such as mosques, public halls and

schools which enable the Government to reduce the expenditure on establishing such

services. The income generated by waqf properties according to Kahf (www.kahf.net) are

used by the waqf managements to build public hall, religious schools or madrasah,

universities and to make payment for Imams, and preachers. In Malaysia as stated by

Ahmad Zaki et.al (2006), most of the traditional religious schools are built on waqf lands.

Waqf properties can be developed through various ways. Kahf (www.kahf.net) has

categorized three modes of financing that can be applied in developing waqf assets,

namely; traditional modes, modern schemes modes and self finance modes. The

traditional concepts of hukr, istibdal and ijaratain have been widely used by waqf

institutions in the Muslim countries. Hukr or indefinite lease right according to Anas

Zarqa (1994) requires the lessee of waqf assets to pay large lump sum of rent and it is

used by the nazir to develop waqf assets. The concept of istibdal and ibdal require the

exchanging of waqf assets to other properties. Modern schemes of developing waqf

assets as suggested by Md. Nurdin Ngadimon (2006), Muhamad Kholid et. al (2007),

Kahf (www.kahf.net) and Tahir Sabit (2003) is the securitization of waqf  through sukuk.

The difficulty of getting enough funds to develop waqf assets required waqf institutions

to finance the development projects by themselves through cash waqf and share waqf.

Cizaksa (1998) elaborated on the experience of cash waqf during Ottomon Empire and its

possible implementation in the contemporary Muslim countries.

It could be observed that the focus of the contemporary writings is on the development of

existing waqf property (land). However, the focus of this study is the construction of

waqf building on public (government) land.

Research Methodology

This section discusses the sources of data, the methods of analysis and the analytical

framework of the paper. This study uses qualitative method as it is a conceptual and

theoretical in nature.

Sources of Data

Since this study is conceptual and theoretical in nature. The sources are secondary data

available in the literature related to the management and development of waqf property.

The literature comprises books, seminar proceedings, periodicals and internet resources,

in either English or Arabic.

http://www.kahf.net/

http://www.kahf.net/

http://www.kahf.net/

 4

Methods of Analysis

The authors apply the content analysis method through deep and intense readings of the

previous texts and literatures related to the topics. The researchers apply the content

analysis method for making inferences by objectively and systematically identifying

specified characteristics of the most significant point available in the relevant literatures.

This is the method used in this study in order to achieve the previously stated objectives.

For the purpose of illustration of the waqf framework, the authors discuss the potential

implementation of the concept at Islamic Science University of Malaysia (USIM).

Analytical Framework

Figure 2 illustrates the analytical framework of this study.

Figure 2: The Analytical Framework of the Study

Secondary

Sources Conclusion

Qualitative Method

Content Analysis Findings (I, II & III)

Findings: The General Framework of Waqf Concept for Construction

Project: An Analysis

In this section, the authors propose the general framework of waqf concept for

constuction project and highlight the main issues that should be reviewed and discussed

further. Based on the analysis, it is observed that there are three main stages that take

place in the general framework of waqf concept for constuction project namely (See

Figure 3for illustration);

 Fund Accumulation;

 Waqf Project Management; and

 Distribution of Income or Yields.

This framework could be a useful reference for waqf administrators for developing a

waqf construction project. These stages should only commence after having the complete

and finalized design of the building. This is important to ensure that potential contributors

have enough information on the project to avoid the element of al-jahalah (lack of

information). It is due to the fact that the building does not exist yet at the time of

contribution.

 5

Each stage involves specific Shariah contracts and carries several issues. It begins from

the process of raising fund from the public through several instruments. After the amount

of fund has achieved its target (i.e. the total cost of the construction project), the

management of the waqf construction project takes place. This stage involves a lot of

legal issues and perhaps, it is the most critical stage out of the three stages. The issues of

authority and ownership, the status of the parties involved and the selection of contractor

should be vigilantly addressed. Then, the distribution of the income or yields generated

from the waqf property takes place.

Figure 3: The Three Main Stages of the Waqf Construction Project

FRAMEWORK OF WAQF CONSTRUCTION PROJECT

WAQF PROJECT

MANAGEMENT
DISTRIBUTIONFUND ACCUMULATION

Cash & e-Waqf

Certificate

Sukuk

Religious Council

Waqf Manager

(Nazir)

Other Relevant

Authority

Waqf Project &

Fund

Income

Charity

(Beneficiaries)

Management

(Maintenance,

Managerial

Expenses &

Future

Development)

Contractor

 6

Instrument for Fund Accumulation of the Waqf Construction Project

The accumulation fund for the construction of waqf project could be realized through the

setting up of the three instruments, namely; cash and e-waqf fund, per-square feet value

certificate and the issuance of sukuk. These instrumenst provide an opportunity for the

donors to dedicate their wealth for waqf purposes according to their preference as stated

below:

Cash and e-Waqf Fund

Cash and e-waqf fund is considered as the easiest means for the public to join

waqf scheme because they are only obliged to donate their money in cash or

deducting from their bank account via e-waqf facility. As shown in figure 2.1 the

accumulated fund will be managed by Nazir who is acted as an agent on behalf of

the waqif based on wakalah contract. Under wakalah contract, nazir is responsible

to channel the fund for construction project and the balance will be returned back

to the fund for future project. Wakalah contract is deemed more practical due to

the difficulty of getting the permission of the waqif to exchange (istibdal) cash

money into immovable property. Upon getting the approval by waqf project

management, Nazir is allowed to use the fund and appoints contractor for the

construction of waqf project.

Per-square Feet Value Certificate

The certicate of per square feet value for waqf project will be offered to the public

once the details of the intended project are finalized. The essential elements of the

project   such as the type of construction project, the cost of the project, the price

of each certificate and the duration of the project must be disclosed in details.

While cash and e-waqf fund do not required any minimum amount, any individual

or institutions must pay certain amount in order to get the certificate e.g RM 30.00

per square feet. The pool of money accumulated will be directed to construct

buildings such as research centers and labs.

The Issuance of Sukuk

Developing wakaf assets through the issuance of sukuk is another potential

instrument to be applied by waqf administrations. This instrument is still

underdeveloped in Malaysia although the country is well known for pioneering

the issuance of various sukuk at the domestic and global stages. Two countries

Saudi Arabia and Singapore have so far developed their waqf lands through the

issuance of sukuk al-muntafa’a and sukuk musyarakah respectively.

Considering the active role of nazir in managing and monitoring waqf projects on

behalf of waqif and other relevant authorities, sukuk based on wakalah and waqf

 7

concept is seems favorable. In sukuk wakalah and waqf structure’s, nazir is

responsible to issue the sukuk and channel the fund accumulated for construction

project. It is worth to note that this instrument is developed mainly for large scale

project that require a large amount of money, for example to build a university

and hospital. In addition, the price of each sukuk certificate is slightly higher than

the previous two instruments. For that reason, nazir should use appropriate

marketing strategies to attract the wealhthy, organizations as well institution to

participate in this charitable activity.

From the authors’ point of view these three instruments will be further divided into three

categories according to the types of contruction projects whether small, medium or large

scales. While cash and e-waf fund is designed for small scale projects, per square feet

cerficate value and sukuk will be channeled for the construction of medium and large

scale projects respectively.

Management of Waqf Contruction Project

In Malaysia, the State Religious Council is the solely authorized party to manage the

waqf property in accordance to the Article 74(1) (2) Federal Constitution of Malaysia

within its area. Hence, the involvement of the State Religious Council in the waqf

construction project is inevitable. However, the State Religious Council could engage

into al-Wakalah contract to appoint the relevant institutions (e.g. USIM) to be the

manager of the project as the project directly involves with their interest.

Figure 4: An Illustration of Waqf Construction Project Framework

 8

MAINS

Rentals; Fees

(Income)

Management

(Maintenance,

Managerial

Expenses &

Future

Development)

Ministry of

Finance; Ministry

of Higher

Education

USIM (Nazir)Sukuk

Cash & e-Waqf

Certificate

Hostels &

Centre of

Excellence

Charity (Poor and

Needy Students)
Small scale

Medium scale

Large scale WAKALAH

WAQF

W
A

K
A

L
A

H

A
l-
IJ

A
R

A
H

 &
 A

L
-U

J
R

A
H

Contractor

AL-ISTISNA’

A
L

-S
A

D
A

Q
A

H

The Contributions: Cash Waqf or Wakalah?

In the proposed framework of waqf construction project, the donours or contributors

contribute in the form of cash. Hence, it might be seen as “cash waqf” at the first glance.

However, in details, “cash waqf” is not suitable for the waqf construction project as it

may have several issues. The issues are:

 “Cash Waqf” is a type of waqf al-manqul (endowment of movable properties)

which is considered as invalid according to al-Hanafiyyah (Al-Zuhayli, 2000).

Additionally, a movable property is easily subject to total physical loss.

 “Cash Waqf” has no benefit unless it is consumed (exchanged) with another.

Hence, the cash has no eternal attribute which should be available in the waqf

property.

 The value of “Cash Waqf” is subject to volatitlity. One of the disadvantage of

cash waqf is that the value of cash is very much subject to depreciation and

inflation which may affect the purchasing power of the cash waqf (al-Misri, 2005)

 The application of istibdal is inevitable in the “Cash Waqf” and the practice of

istibdal has several strict conditions.

Hence, the proposed Shariah contract should be based on the wakalah (agency) contract.

The potential “nazir” acts as the contributors’ agent to manage the waqf fund and develop

the prescribed building at the prescribed area. Hence, the potential project should be

presribed in details to avoid the factor of al-jahalah (lack of information) that may

invalidate the wakalah contract.

 9

Project Construction

The construction of the building (e.g. hostels or excellence centre) should be based on the

contract of al-istisna’ (manufacturing sale)
2
. In this particular framework, the nazir

(acting as agent) deals with the contractor to build the building as prescribed in the

wakalah and waqf contract. No third party financing is needed if the waqf fund is

sufficient. In the case of non-sufficiency of the fund, a more complex structure is needed

and the discussion is not within the scope of the study
3
.

Income and Distribution

The building e.g. hostels, could be leased to the university or students or any users at a

reasonable rate. Exemption or rebate on the rentals could be given to any qualified and

deserving parties (e.g. poor and needy students). The rentals acquired could be used for

two main purposes. The two main purposes are:

 The maintenance of the (waqf) building. This involves the cost of managing

(manager’s salaries, security, etc.), upgrading, renovating, fixing, repairing,

cleaning of the assets or et cetera.

 The charity purposes. This is based on the contributors’ intention whether to make

a general or specific endowment. It is better to make a general endowment so that

the nazir could channel the fund to any types of charity purposes. The description

of the beneficiaries could be done on the basis of their attributes e.g. poor and

needy students.

The portion of each category could be stated in the contract. However, it is more flexible

to leave it to the due dilligence of the nazir.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of the Waqf Concept for

Construction Project

The advantages of the waqf concept for construction project are:

 The access to the public fund at the lowest cost

 No third party financing is needed

 The wakalah concept provides flexibility to the managing party

 The willing donours and contributors could be local or global

 The building that could generate income is suitable for this project

2
 Al-istisna’ is a type of sale contracts for non existing object. It refers to the sale with order to the

manufacturer (in this case – the contractor) to manufcature (build) a specified object/asset.
3
 For example, the nazir (e.g the university) could put his own money upfront and engage in a diminishing

partnership (musharakah mutaqisah) contract with the State Religious Council. In a specified period, a

portion of the income generated from the Waqf property could be used to acquire/buy the nazir’s shares of

the waqf property. At the end, MAINS will finally own the building. This practice could be done from the

Shariah point of view. However, the legal issues in such practice are massive.

 10

However, the waqf concept for construction project may have several disadvantages.

They are:

 There are legal issues that should be discussed and addressed

 The risk of under-subcription of waqf instruments. Hence, the waqf fund is not

enough to meet the cost of the construction

 Default of contractor may lead to loss of public fund and confidence

Conclusions

The waqf concept offers the access to raise fund from the public for relevant institutions

in the development of their institutions. The concept should not be underestimated as it

has played undebatable vital roles in the development of several critical institutions,

particularly in the area of education, worship and medication, throughout the Islamic

history. The management of the waqf construction project is the most critical part of the

whole process. Hence, the religious authorities in Malaysia should not involve in this

project except with highly capable and reputable institutions in order to ensure and

maintain the public confidence. The authors believe that there is an enormous amount of

ready money and willing donours from inside and outside of this country to participate in

this scheme if it can be well managed in transperancy and integrity. The authors also

suggest that more researches, particularly from the legal and marketing perspectives,

should be conducted on the topic. The potential of this concept is vast and it should be

developed in the nearest future.

References

Al-Misri, Rafiq Yunus. 2005. Fiqh al-mu
c
amalat al-maliyyah. Damascus: Dar al-qalam.

Al-Zuhayli, Wahbah. 2000. al-Fiqh al-Islami wa adillatuh. Damascus: Dar al-Fikr.

Kahf, Monzer. Financing the Development of Awqaf Property, Waqf and Its

Sociopolitical Aspects and Waqf: A Quick Review at (www.kahf.net)

Md Nurdin Ngadimon. (2006). Pengembangan Harta Wakaf Menggunakan Instrumen

Sukuk. Konvensyen Wakaf Kebangsaan. Kuala Lumpur.

Mohamad Tahir Sabit et. al. (2005). An Ideal Financial Mechanism For The

Development of The Waqf Properties In Malaysia. Shah Alam Selangor.

____________________(2006). Innovative Modes Of Financing the Development Of

Waqf Properties. Konvensyen Wakaf Kebangsaan. Kuala Lumpur.

http://www.kahf.net/

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Muhammad Abu Zahrah. (2007). Wakaf Menurut Agama dan Undang-undang. Terj. Haji

Muhammad Yusuf Sinaga. Berlian Publications: Selangor.

Murat Cizaksa. Awqaf in History And Its Implications for Modern Islamic Economies at

(www.mcizakca.com.)

Shamsiah Abdul Karim. (2006). Pengalaman Majlis Ugama Islam Singapura Dalam

Pengurusan Harta Wakaf. Konvensyen Wakaf Kebangsaan. Kuala Lumpur.

Siti Mashitoh Mahamood. (2001). The Legal Principles of Waqf: An Analysis, Syariah

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_________. (2006). Waqf in Malaysia: Legal and Administrative Perspectives. Kuala

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Websites

www.businessdictionary.com

http://www.mcizakca.com/

http://www.businessdictionary.com/