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Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan

bibliography

text notes

list of words

combined list of words in Abdullah texts

list of rhyme words
Bibliography
title:

Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan

edition:

Amin Sweeney, Karya Lengkap Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi, Jilid 1, Jakarta: Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia / École française d’Extrême-Orient, 2005. Naskah dan Dokumen Nusantara XX.

print
source:

Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi, Bahwa ini Kisah Pelayaran `Abdullah bin `Abdul Kadir Munsyi dari Singapura sampai ke Kelantan, terkarang olehnya, Singapura: Press of the American Mission,  1838.

date:

1838.

provenance:

Singapore.

words:

24940 words, including 171 verses

references:

to the pages of the print source (tp, 7-159) indicated in Sweeney’s edition.

This text was kindly provided by Amin Sweeney

Editorial notes and bibliography

Sweeney's text is an exceptionally careful and accurate edition.

In his notes, Sweeney gives meticulous comparisons of textual variation between

(a) the jawi and rumi versions of the 1838 text, and

(b) the 1838 edition, the 1852 lithographed edition, and Kassim Ahmad's modern version.

References:

•  Amin Sweeney, Karya Lengkap Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi, Jilid 1 & 2, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, forthcoming.

•  Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi dari Singapura sampai ke Kelantan, Singapura: Press of American Mission, 1838.  [letterpress edition, parallel jawi and rumi texts]

•  Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir Munsyi (ke Kelantan), Singapura: Bukit Zion (?), 1852.  [lithographed edition, jawi text]

•  Klinkert, H. C. (ed.) Verhaal van de Reis van Abdoellah naar Kalantan en van zijne Reis naar Djeddah, in het Maleisch. Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1869.  [jawi text]

•  Coope, A. E. 1949. (penerjemah) The Voyage of Abdullah. Singapore: Malaya Publishing House.

•  Kassim Ahmad (ed). 1964. Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah. Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press.

•  Kesah Pelarayan Abdullah (ke Kelantan). 1915. Malay Literature Series, 2. Singapore: Methodist Publishing House.

Preparation

Added:  April 2006

A pre-publication digital text was provided by Amin Sweeney.
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Hikayat Pandawa Lima

bibliography

text notes

list of words
Bibliography
title:

Hikayat Pandawa Lima

edition:

Khalid M. Hussain (ed.), Hikayat Pandawa Lima, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1992. Siri Warisan Sastera Klasik.

manuscript:

Brandes 2, Perpustakaan Nasional Republik Indonesia, Jakarta.

dates:

text:  perhaps 1350-1400 (Brakel), not later than early 1700s (Braginsky), 1700s (Khalid);
	manuscript:  unknown.

provenance:

text:   unknown;
	manuscript:   Batavia (or Java).

words:

85722 words.

references:

to the pages (1-274) of the underlying manuscript, as indicated in the printed edition, and then to the lines of the printed edition.

Editorial notes and bibliography

The underlying manuscript is very probably Brandes 2, though in 1992 confusingly Khalid stated that its text is “almost the same” (hampir sama) as Brandes 2.

Khalid’s edition is the only published text of the Malay version of the Mahabharata epic.

Khalid discusses the dating of the text at length in his "Pengantar".  He prefers a later date, perhaps in the sixteenth or seventeenth century;   however Brackel and Creese argue persuasively for an earlier date.  A further argument for an older date is that this Malay version is based on the Old Javanese kakawin version of the story, not the modern Javanese version.

References:

•  Khalid M. Hussain (ed.), Hikayat Pandawa Lima, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1992, "Pengantar", pp.xi-xix.

•  Khalid M. Hussain (ed.), Hikayat Pandawa Lima, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1964, "Pendahuluan", pp.vii-ix.

•  V.I. Braginsky, The Heritage of Traditional Malay Literature: a historical survey of genres, writings and literary views, Leiden: KITLV Press, 2004. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 214, pp.115, 144-152 (including a summary of the plot),

•  Liaw Yock Fang, Sejarah Kesusasteraan Klassik, rev. ed., Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 1982, pp.58-64.

•  R.O. Winstedt, A History of Classical Malay Literature, 2nd ed., Kuala Lumpur: Oxford University Press, 1969, pp.37-39, 208-226 (referring to the text as "Hikayat Pandawa Jaya").

•  M.C. Ricklefs & P. Voorhoeve, Indonesian Manuscripts in Great Britain, a catalogue of manuscripts in Indonesian languages in public collections, Oxford University Press, 1977, p.133

Preparation

Added:  July 2007

The text was scanned in Canberra by the MCP using Recognita™ OCR, and adapted for use in the project.  Minor corrections of typographic errors have been made.
top


Guides to Collections and Sets of
      the
Southeast Asia Microform Project
      (SEAM)
NASKAH PERPUSTAKAAN NASIONAL
      RI
(Manuscripts of the National Library of
      Indonesia)
Provisional Reel List
Go To Reels:
1-50
,
51-100
,
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,
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201-250
,
251-300
,
301-350
,
351-400
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401-450
,
451-500
,
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,
551-600
,
601-650
,
651-700
,
701-750
,
751-800
,
801-850
Reels 151-200 (of 850)
Reel no.

Title

MS call
            no.
151/PNRI

Hikayat Cekel
            Wanengpati

BR.175b-c,
          a

Grammaire de la
            Langue Arabe Vulgaire et Litterale

H.3

152/PNRI

Religion et
            Mythologie des Indous et Sculpture et Architecture Indiane

H.4

Babad
            Kadhiri

KBG.394

Babad Kartasura
            (Babad Givanti)

BR.643

153/PNRI

Babad
            Kartasura

KBG.100

Babad
            Kartasura

KBG.230

Babad
            Kartasura

KBG.130

154/PNRI

Babad
            Balambangan

KBG.607

Primbon
            Donga-donga

KBG.668

Serat Gatholoco,
            Suluk

KBG.671

Suluk Piwilang
            Warni-warni

KBG.676

155/PNRI

Serat
            Lokapala

KBG.679

Wulangrah Saha
            asmarasupi

KBG.678

156/PNRI

Cariyos Ringgit
            Purwa I

KBG.679

157/PNRI

Cariyos Ringgit
            Purwa II

KBG.680

158/PNRI

Primbon

KBG.683

Rerepen Panglipur
            Cipta

KBG.685

Wejangan

KBG.686

Sekar Tunjung
            Tuwuh ing Sela

KBG.687

Primbon

KBG.688

159/PNRI

Babad Balambangan
            Purwasastran

KBG.63

Babad Balambangan
            Purwasastran

BR.448a-c

160/PNRI

Babad
            Balambangan

BR.494

Babad
            Balambangan

KBG.337

Babad
            Balambangan

BR.384

Babad
            Balambangan

BR.653

Babad
            Balambangan

101b
          NBR.109

Primbon

KBG.691

Primbon

KBG.681

161/PNRI

Primbon

KBG.684

Panji
            Surawisesa

KBG.692

Parikesit
            Grogol

KBG.693

Primbon, Piwulang.
            Suluk Jirim

KBG.694

Kidung
            Sulapan

KBG.195

Basma
          Parwa

KBG.199

Pancawikalaparwa

KBG.200

Putra

KBG.201

162/PNRI

Hikayat Sera
            Rama

W.141

Hikayat Sera
            Rama

CS.143

163/PNRI

Mantra-mantra

KBG.556

Primbon
            Islamiyah

KBG.557

Hikayat Seri
            Rama

ML.204

Babad
            Yogakarta

KBG.165a

164/PNRI

Babad
            Yogakarta

BR.426

Babad
            Pakepung

KBG.306

Babad
            Pakepung

BR.587

Babad
            Pakualaman

KBG.245

165/PNRI

Babad
            Pakualaman

BR.292

Tasringalam, Rasa,
            Sajati, Babad Sepehi

G.105

Wariga

KBG.558

Wariga

KBG.559

Wariga

KBG.560

Asramawasanaparwa
            dan Parwa-parwa lain

KBG.561

166/PNRI

Swarawyanjana

KBG.562

Aji
            Saraswati

KBG.563

Serat
          Kanda

ML.209a-c

Hikayat Maharaja
            Garabak Jagat

ML.251

167/PNRI

Mantra

KBG.564

Kawruh
            Padhalangan

KBG.567

Cerita tentang
            Batikar

KBG.568

Layang Wacan
            Carita Tanunan

KBG.569

Hikayat
            Pandawa

ML.15

HikayatDarmawangsa

W.143

Hikayat Pandawa
            Lembur

W.144

168/PNRI

Hikayat Maharaja
            Bikrama Sakti

W.166

Hikayat Abu
            Sawah

W.97

Hikayat Cekel
            Waneng Pati

ML.142a

169/PNRI

Hikayat Cekel
            Waneng Pati

ML.142b

Hikayat Cekel
            Waneng Pati

W.137

170/PNRI

Wirid Hidayat
            Jati

KBG.571a-b

Kawruh
            Padalangan

KBG.572

Sarasmuccayaparwa

KBG.574

Singhalanggalaparwa

KBG.573

Babad Tanah
            Jawi

KBG.575

171/PNRI

Hikayat Raja
            Kerang Indra laksana

CS.117

Hikayat Nur
            Muhammad

CS.119

Bikrama
            Sakti

CS.121

Hikayat Wasiat
            Nabi Muhammad

CS.123

Hikayat Syeh
            Muhammad Saman

CS.124

Hikayat Prabu
            Anom

CS.129

Hikayat Sultan
            Ibrahim

CS.130

172/PNRI

Hikayat
            Martalaya

ML.005

Hikayat Langlang
            Buana

ML.20

Kawruh
            Padhlalngan

BR.610

Hikayat
            Angkawijaya

ML.180

Hikayat Naya
            Kusuma

ML.130

Asal Turunan Raja
            Baros

ML.162

173/PNRI

Hikayat Jaran
            Sari, Purnama

ML.179

Hikayat Kinanti
            Asmaradana

ML.181

Hikayat Arjuna
            Mangunjaya

ML.191

Cerita
            Wayang

ML.220

Hikayat Wayang
            Arjuna

ML.244

174/PNRI

Lakon Jaka
            Sukara

ML.246

Hikayat Agung
            Sakti

ML.260

Hikayat Mesa
            Gimang

W.138

Cerita Seorang
            Bodoh & Cerdik

ML.229

Hikayat Bustan
            As-salatin

ML.310

Hikayat Kalilah
            dan Daminah

W.184

Hikayat Kalilah
            dan Daminah

W.185

175/PNRI

Hikayat Bunga
            Rampai

ML.24

Hikayat
            Gulan

W.132

Hikayat
            Gulan

W.134

Hikayat Bayan
            Budiman

W.174

Hikayat Bayan
            Budiman

W.173

176/PNRI

Hikayat Dewa
            Mandu

ML.16

Hikayat Dewa
            Mandu

ML.202

Hikayat Maharaja
            Boma

ML.215

Hikayat
            Indranata

CS.135

Hikayat Dewa
            Mandu

177/PNRI

Hikayat Dewa
            Mandu

CS.137

Hikayat Naya
            Kusuma

W.139

Hikayat
            Kemurung

W.140

Hikayat maharaja
            Boma

W.142

Hikayat Dewa
            Mandu

W.157

Hikayat Dewa
            Mandu

W.158

178/PNRI

Hikayat
            Indranata

W.163

Hikayat
            Indraputra

W.168

Hikayat
            Bakhtiar

W.179

Hikayat Kumala
            Bahrain

W.182a-b

179/PNRI

Hikayat Syah
            Mardan

W.179

Hikayat Syah
            Mardan

W.150

Hikayat Syah
            Mardan

W.151

Hikayat Syah
            Mardan

BR.536

180/PNRI

Hikayat Ahmad
            Muhammad

CS.120

Hikayat Sultan
            Ibrahim Ibn Adham

W.118

Hikayat Sultan
            Ibrahim Ibn Adham

W.119

Hikayat Sultan
            Ibrahim Ibn Adham

W.120

Hikayat Jauhar
            Manikam

W.121

Hikayat Jauhar
            Manikam

W.122

Hikayat Jauhar
            Manikam

W.123

Hikayat Abu
            Nawas

W.124

Hikayat Si
            Miskin

ML.384

181/PNRI

Hikayat Si
            Miskin

W.175

Hikayat Si
            Miskin

W.176

Hikayat Si
            Miskin

W.177

Hikayat Si
            Miskin

W.178

Hikayat Raja
            Budak

ML.6

Hikayat Raja
            Budak

W.153

Hikayat Raja
            Budak

W.154

182/PNRI

Hikayat
            Kuraisy

W.146a-b

183/PNRI

Hikayat Maharaja
            Bikrama Sakti

W.165

Hikayat Maharaja
            Bikrama Sakti

W.167

Hikayat Syarhul
            Indra

ML.14a-b

184/PNRI

Hikayat
            Kuraisy

W.147

185/PNRI

Hikayat Syarhul
            Indra

ML.14c

Hikayat Ahmad
            Muhammad

ML.185

Hikayat Indranata
            dan Hikayat Raja

CS.131

186/PNRI

Ambiya

KBG.10

Pentateuchus of de
            Vijf Boekken van Moses

KBG.12

Het Boek den
            Psalmen

KBG.13

Al-Kitab

KBG.14

Martabat Dali
            Ngelmi (Serat Suluk)

KBG.17

Careta Sri
            Sadana

KBG.21

187/PNRI

Kawi Javaansch
            Woordenboek en Andere taal Kundige

KBG.16

Tenggersche
            Gebeden

KBG.22

Tenggersche
            Gebeden

KBG.23

Tekawardi

KBG.24

Kawi Javaansche
            Woordenboek

KBG.25

Kakawin
            Arjunawiwaha

KBG.28a-b

188/PNRI

Rama
Kawi

KBG.29

Dewa
Roci

KBG.31

Babad
          madura

KBG.32

Primbon

KBG.35

Pengetan Sastra
            Buda

KBG.41

189/PNRI

Serat
          Arok

KBG.47

Nitipraya

KBG.48

Dasanama

KBG.49

Dewa
Ruci

KBG.50

Kawi

KBG.51

Dasanama

KBG.53

Suluk
          Wujil

KBG.54

Jugil
          Muda

KBG.55

Lakad

KBG.56

Nitisastra

KBG.57

190/PNRI

Bratayuda
            Kawi

KBG.58

Primbon

KBG.60

Purawa
            Carita

KBG.62

Babad
          Nasuri

KBG.64

Jayabaya

KBG.65

Suluk Sunya Tan
            Mona

KBG.66

191/PNRI

Basa Bidharsa
            Salokantara

KBG.67

Babad
            mataram

KBG.70a

Babad Tanah
            Jawi

KBG.70b

192/PNRI

Menak
          Jobin

KBG.72

Suluk
            Darmojati

KBG.73

Wirit Nur
            Muhammad

KBG.75

Naskah
          arab

KBG.79

Babad
            Mataram

KBG.81

193/PNRI

Javaansche
            Spraaken Schryf Kunst

KBG.83

Afdrukken van kawi
            Inschripties

KBG.85a-o

Prasati
            (salinan)

KBG.86

Babad
            Pajajaran

KBG.87

Serat
          Kramat

KBG.90

194/PNRI

Serat Menak
            Cina

KBG.91

Menak
            Malebari

KBG.92

Aji
          Pemasa

KBG.93a

Aji
          Pemasa

KBG.94b

195/PNRI

Nitisuri

KBG.94

Cariyos Gancaring
            Empu

KBG.96

Kawi
            Dasanama

KBG.97

Jayabaya

KBG.99

Cariyos Tigang
            Prakawis

KBG.101

Guguritan Ilmu
            Tani

KBG.102

Soal
          Jawab

KBG.103

Darma
          Sejati

KBG.104

Swa Tong
            Cing

KBG.105

Sam Pek Eng
            Thay

KBG.106

Kidung
            Sulapan

KBG.107

196/PNRI

Undang-undang

KBG.108

Babad Tanah
            Jawi

KBG.109

Jaka
            Singkarah

KBG.111

Kidung Pumeksa Ing
            Wingi

KBG.113

Dongeng

KBG.114

Jati
          Pitutur

KBG.116

Babad
            Mataram

KBG.118

Primbon

KBG.131

Perang Duitschen
            Frankrijk 1870-71

KBG.115

197/PNRI

Rama
          Ganrung

KBG.132

Manikmaya dan
            Baron Sekendher

KBG.133

Serat Sewa
            utama

KBG.134

Rilhan Siti
            Banyumas

KBG.135

Alap-alapan
            Brawati

KBG.136

198/PNRI

Wayang
            Verhalen

KBG.137

Javaansch
            Woordenboek

KBG.82-01

Javaansch
            Woordenboek Bag. I

KBG.82-02

199/PNRI

Javaansch
            Woordenboek Bag. II

KBG.82-02

Javaansch
            Woordenboek

KBG.82-03

Javaansch
            Woordenboek

KBG.82-04

200/PNRI

Javaansch
            Woordenboek

KBG.82-05

Javaansch
            Woordenboek

KBG.82-06
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Your bowser does not recognise Javascript:   many features of this site will not work.
malay concordance project

home

about

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Hikayat Raja Bikrama Sakti

bibliography

text notes

list of words

list of rhyme words
Rhyme words
listed
alphabetically
and
by frequency
double-click on a word to see it in its rhyme context
reverse alphabetical
ada

1

belimbing

1

kasturi

1

bermain

1

kakanda

1

berdacing

1

ingati

1

baginda

1

kucing

1

hati

4

balon

1

Muda

1

berbanding

1

sekati

1

muda

2

hening

1

melati

1

daun

1

bunga

1

kuning

2

mati

3

seroja

1

kemuning

2

berhenti

1

tahun

1

cempaka

1

canting

1

mengerti

1

setahun

2

Cempaka

1

berhanting

1

menyambuti

1

pantun

1

kepala

1

ranting

1

tersembunyi

1

gila

1

bergunting

1

dihadap

1

petola

1

kermunting

1

berkokok

1

dedap

1

semula

1

sunting

2

esok

1

lama

1

panaur

1

delima

1

berlindung

1

mabuk

1

kelima

1

salung-salung

1

keduduk

1

tidur

1

Kesuma

1

gunung

1

berduduk

1

kundur

1

rencana

1

kampung

1

kapuk

1

telur

1

hina

2

terung

1

mengantuk

1

timur

1

guna

1

berkurung

1

kutuk

1

papa

1

jantung

1

terbalas

2

menyapa

1

payung

1

dendam

1

deras

1

tempa

1

tajam

1

keras

3

rupa

1

indah

2

rukam

1

kertas

1

bicara

1

berpindah

1

garam

1

bidara

1

gundah

1

lengkuas

1

sengsara

1

sudah

1

usungan

1

segera

1

gajah

1

hitungan

1

kandis

1

laksa

1

bergantungan

2

ditulis

1

Jawa

1

putih

1

peruntungan

2

nyawa

1

halus

1

penghubungnya

1

dipakai

1

sekalian

2

Mandarus

1

lehernya

1

sampai

1

durian

1

zahirnya

1

sangsai

1

makrifat

1

makan

1

kelat

1

abang

2

benci

1

lupakan

1

mendapat

1

hembacang

1

suci

1

katakan

1

langsat

1

kacang

1

padi

1

ikan

1

memandang

1

lagundi

1

berikan

1

pahit

1

dagang

1

budi

2

ajukkan

1

sakit

1

terpegang

1

pudi

2

dipenggalkan

1

sulit

1
frequency
tuan

5

berdacing

1

ilmu

1

panaur

1

berduduk

1

ingati

1

pantun

1

hati

4

bergunting

1

itu

1

papa

1

bergurau

1

jambu

1

payung

1

kepalang

3

berhanting

1

jantung

1

penghubungnya

1

keras

3

berhenti

1

kacang

1

petola

1

lagi

3

berikan

1

kakanda

1

pilang

1

mati

3

berjalan

1

kampung

1

pilu

1

berjanggut

1

kandis

1

pinggang

1

abang

2

berkokok

1

kapuk

1

pulut-pulut

1

bergantungan

2

berkurung

1

kasturi

1

putih

1

berseri

2

berlindung

1

katakan

1

rambutan

1

budi

2

bermain

1

keduduk

1

ranting

1

cumbuan

2

berpindah

1

keji

1

rawan

1

dirimu

2

bertali

1

kelat

1

rencana

1

hina

2

bertemu

1

kelima

1

ruang

1

indah

2

bicara

1

kepala

1

rukam

1

ini

2

bidara

1

kermunting

1

rupa

1

kemuning

2

bukan

1

kertas

1

sakit

1

ketahuan

2

bunga

1

ketinggalan

1

salung-salung

1

kuning

2

canting

1

kopi

1

sampai

1

matahari

2

cempaka

1

kucing

1

sangkutan

1

mencari

2

dagang

1

kundur

1

sangsai

1

muda

2

daun

1

kunyit

1

sayang

1

orang

2

dedap

1

kusut

1

segarang

1

peruntungan

2

delima

1

kutuk

1

segera

1

petang

2

dendam

1

lagundi

1

sekati

1

puan

2

deras

1

laksa

1

sekawan

1

pudi

2

dihadap

1

lalang

1

semula

1

sehari-hari

2

dikarang

1

lama

1

sendiri

1

sekalian

2

dikasihani

1

langsat

1

sengsara

1

setahun

2

dipakai

1

lautan

1

seorang

1

sunting

2

dipenggalkan

1

lehernya

1

seroja

1

terbalas

2

diri

1

lembu

1

sihantan

1

ditulis

1

lengkuas

1

silau

1

Bidasari

1

diturut

1

lepang

1

sini

1

Cempaka

1

duku

1

lupakan

1

suci

1

Ghani

1

duli

1

mabuk

1

sudah

1

Jawa

1

durian

1

makan

1

sulit

1

Kesuma

1

esok

1

makrifat

1

tahun

1

Mandarus

1

fikiran

1

malang

1

tajam

1
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Risalah fi 'l-Tawhid

bibliography

text notes

list of words
Text notes
MCP text

RT 51

`awamm

salinan:    `awwam

RT 60

`awamm

salinan:    `awwam
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Syair Bidasari
\n

\n

bibliography
\n

text notes
\n

list of words
\n

list of rhyme words
\n
Bibliography
\n\n
\n

title:

\n\tSyair Bidasari\n

\n

edition:

\n\tJulian Millie, Syair Bidasari, Leiden: KITLV Press, 2002.\n

\n

manuscript:

\n\tCod.Or. 1965:  Leiden University Library.\n

\n

dates:

\n\ttext:  ? ±1750 (Liaw);     manuscript:  1825.\n

\n

provenance:

\n\ttext:   ? Palembang;     manuscript:   Government secretariat, Batavia.\n

\n

words:

\n\t30282 words, comprising 7086 verses.\n

\n

references:

\n\tto the stanzas (1-273) of the underlying manuscript.\n

\n\n
\n\n
\n

\n

This text was kindly provided by Julian Millie
\n

\n

Editorial notes and bibliography:\n

Millie has provided extensive notes discussing difficult readings. \n\tEarlier editions referred to in the notes are:\n\t

•  Jamilah Hj. Ahmad, Syair Bidasari, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 1989.\n\t

•  H.C. Klinkert,  Sya'ir Ken Tambuhan dan Sya'ir Yatim Nestapa Sya'ir Bidasari [jawi] / Drie Maleische Gedichten of de Sya\u00efrs Ken Tambuhan, Yatim Nestapa en Bidasari,  Leiden: Brill, 1886.\n\t

•  Tuti Munawar, Syair Bidasari, Jakarta, 1978.\n\t

•  W.R.van Hoëvell, \"Sjair Bidasari, een oorspronkelijk Maleische gedicht\", Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap, 19 1843, sect.2 pp.i- xlii, 1- 421.\n

The plot and possible provenance of Syair Bidasari are discussed in\nLiaw Yock Fang, Sejarah Kesusasteraan Melayu Klassik, Singapura: Pustaka Nasional, 1975.  He suggests that the date of the text may be about 1750.\n

\n

Preparation\n

Added:  April 2002\n

The digital text was provided by Julian Millie.  In case of minor discrepancies between\nthe MCP text and the published\ntext, the published text is to be\npreferred.\n

\n
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Al-Imam

bibliography

list of articles

text notes

list of words

list of rhyme words
Bibliography
title:

Al-Imam

edition:

Abdul Aziz Mat Ton, Politik al-Imam, Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2000: selected articles.

source:

Majalah “Al-Imam”, monthly, Singapore: July 1906 - December 1908.

dates:

July 1906 - December 1908.

provenance:

published in Singapore, including translations from the Egyptian Arabic press and contributions from Sumatra and Malaya.

words:

44562 words, including 253 verses.

references:

to the pages (310-496) and lines of Abdul Aziz’ edition, Lampiran.

Editorial notes and bibliography

Al-Imam appeared monthly.  Its editors were Syaikh Muhammad Tahir Jalaluddin and later Haji Abbas bin Muhammad Tahir.

In his bibliography, Roff includes the following note:

Al-Imam was the first of the ‘religious reform’ journals in Malaysia and Indonesia, introducing ideas which had their origin with Shaikh Muhammad Abduh and the al-Manar circle in Cairo.

For the items included in this collection, see the
list of articles
.

References:

•  William R. Roff, The Origins of Malay Nationalism, Yale University Press, 1967 (Yale Southeast Asia Studies, 2);  reprinted:  Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya, 1974, pp.56-67.    This reference gives a most informative account of the context, importance, and political stances of this journal.

•  William R. Roff, Bibliography of Malay and Arabic Periodicals published in the Straits Settlements and Peninsular Malay States 1876-1941 with an annotated union list of holdings in Malaysia, Singapore and the United Kingdom,  London: O.U.P., 1972  (London Oriental Bibliographies, volume 3), pp.31-32, item 18.

Preparation

Added:  January 2006

The text was scanned in Canberra by the MCP using Recognita™ OCR.
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Syair Syurga

bibliography

text notes

list of words

list of rhyme words

illustrations
List of words
Common words listed by frequency ( ‰ )
below
Double-click on any word to search for it in context
A
A
B

C

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E

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G

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I

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0-9

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Abu  .. 1

ada  .. 5

adah  .. 1

adalah  .. 3

Adam  .. 1

adwan  .. 1

af`al  .. 2

aghyar  .. 1

Ahadiah  .. 1

ahli  .. 3

aib  .. 1

Air  .. 2

Ajsam  .. 1

akal  .. 1

akalnya  .. 1

Akan  .. 2

akhirat  .. 4

Akil  .. 1

akuan  .. 1

aku  .. 4

`alaihi  .. 1

alaikum  .. 2

alamat  .. 1

alam  .. 15

al  .. 23

Allah  .. 16

amalan  .. 1

amal  .. 3

Amarnya  .. 1

amat  .. 2

amin  .. 2

ampun  .. 1

Anam  .. 1

anasir  .. 2

anggota  .. 2

angin  .. 2

annahu  .. 1

antara  .. 2

antelas  .. 1

anwar  .. 1

Apabila  .. 4

apa  .. 2

api  .. 1

arif  .. 1

`Arsy  .. 1

Artinya  .. 3

arwah  .. 3

asa  .. 1

asal  .. 1

asalnya  .. 2

As  .. 2

Asma´  .. 1

Asma  .. 1

Assalamualaikum  .. 2

Asyik  .. 1

atas  .. 6

atau  .. 1

awal  .. 1

a`yan  .. 1

ayuhai  .. 2

ayyuha  .. 2

ayyuhal  .. 2

azab  .. 1

Azali  .. 1

`Azim  .. 1

B

A
B
C

D

E

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babnya  .. 2

Baca  .. 2

badan  .. 3

badannya  .. 1

bagi  .. 1

baharu  .. 1

Baharulah  .. 2

bahawan  .. 1

Bahunya  .. 1

baik  .. 3

baju  .. 1

bakti  .. 1

balasan  .. 1

balas  .. 2

baligh  .. 1

bandingnya  .. 1

bangsa  .. 1

banyak  .. 2

Banyaklah  .. 1

barang  .. 6

Bari  .. 1

barzakh  .. 1

batangnya  .. 1

batu  .. 3

Baunya  .. 1

bawa  .. 1

Bayan  .. 1

beberapa  .. 2

begitu  .. 2

belakang  .. 1

belas  .. 5

belok  .. 1

benar  .. 1

bencana  .. 1

bendanya  .. 1

benderang  .. 1

bentulkan  .. 1

berapa  .. 1

beras  .. 1

berbalasan2  .. 1

berbalas-balasan  .. 1

berbalik2  .. 1

berbalik-balik  .. 1

berbetulan  .. 1

berbuat  .. 2

bercerai  .. 1

berdinding  .. 1

berdiri  .. 2

berdua  .. 1

berduduk  .. 1

Berenanglah  .. 1

bergoyang  .. 1

berguna  .. 1

berhenti  .. 1

berhingga  .. 4

Beribu2  .. 1

Beribu  .. 2

Beribu-ribu  .. 1

berikat  .. 1

Berilah  .. 1

berilmu  .. 1

berisi  .. 1

berjalan  .. 1

Berjenis2  .. 1

Berjenis-jenis  .. 1

berjumpa  .. 1

berkasad  .. 1

berkata  .. 2

berkehendak  .. 1

berkenan  .. 3

berkisar  .. 1

berlayar  .. 3

bermain  .. 1

bermakan  .. 1

berniaga  .. 1

beroleh  .. 2

berpantun  .. 1

Berpeganglah  .. 1

berperang  .. 1

berpusing  .. 1

bersama2  .. 1

bersama  .. 4

bersama-sama  .. 1

bersenang  .. 1

Bersuka2an  .. 1

bersukaan  .. 1

Bersuka  .. 1

bersungguh2  .. 1

bersungguh-sungguh  .. 1

bersusun  .. 1

bertahiyat  .. 2

bertahta  .. 2

berteguh2  .. 1

berteguh-teguh  .. 1

bertepi  .. 1

bertuang2an  .. 1

bertunang-tunangan  .. 1

besar  .. 2

Beserta  .. 1

betul  .. 2

Bezalah  .. 1

bezanya  .. 1

biar  .. 1

bicara  .. 1

bidadari  .. 8

bijaksana  .. 1

bilangan  .. 1

bilangannya  .. 1

Bintang  .. 2

Bismillah  .. 1

boleh  .. 4

buah2an  .. 2

buah-buahan  .. 2

buaian  .. 1

buat  .. 2

budiman  .. 1

bukan  .. 4

bulan  .. 4

bumi  .. 2

buntu  .. 1

burhan  .. 1

buta  .. 1

C

A

B
C
D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

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0-9

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Cahaya  .. 1

cari  .. 2

Carilah  .. 3

cedera  .. 1

cermin  .. 1

Cina  .. 1

cinta  .. 2

cukup  .. 1

D

A

B

C
D
E

F

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I

J

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0-9

‰

daging  .. 1

dahaga  .. 2

dahsat  .. 1

dalam  .. 39

dalamnya  .. 1

dalang  .. 1

dalilnya  .. 1

dan  .. 27

Dapatlah  .. 2

dari  .. 1

daripada  .. 6

datang  .. 5

Datanglah  .. 2

Datangnya  .. 3

Da´wah  .. 1

da´wat  .. 1

dekat  .. 2

demikian  .. 3

dengan  .. 13

dengarkan  .. 2

dhahan  .. 1

dhauq  .. 1

dhihn  .. 1

dia  .. 7

diamat-amati  .. 1

diamati2  .. 1

diamnya  .. 1

diampuni  .. 1

dian  .. 2

diangkat  .. 1

Dianya  .. 1

dibawa  .. 3

diberi  .. 5

dibuat  .. 5

Dibukakan  .. 1

dibuntu  .. 1

dicabut  .. 1

didapat  .. 3

didengarkan  .. 1

di  .. 71

digaut  .. 1

Diharap  .. 3

Dihidupkan  .. 1

dihiraukan  .. 1

diiringi  .. 1

Dijadikan  .. 2

Dikarunia  .. 1

dikata  .. 2

dikatakan  .. 1

dikehendaki  .. 1

dikeluarkan  .. 2

dilarang  .. 1

Dilepaskan  .. 1

dilihat  .. 1

Dilihatkan  .. 1

dimendengarkan  .. 1

Dimisalkan  .. 1

dinamakan  .. 1

dipanjangkan  .. 1

Diperintahnya  .. 1

Diperintanya  .. 1

dipuji  .. 1

dirasa  .. 2

diri  .. 6

dirimu  .. 5

dirinya  .. 1

disebut  .. 2

disebutkan  .. 2

Disuruh  .. 1

Disuru  .. 1

ditilik  .. 1

ditinggal  .. 1

Dititahkan  .. 1

ditunjukkan  .. 1

Diturunkan  .. 1

ditutup  .. 1

diumpat  .. 2

dosanya  .. 1

dua  .. 1

duduk  .. 5

dungu  .. 1

dunia  .. 6

E

A

B

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D
E
F

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I

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elok  .. 1

empat  .. 8

empunya  .. 1

engkau  .. 10

F

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B

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E
F
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fa`ali  .. 1

fakir  .. 5

Fa´lam  .. 1

Fatihah  .. 2

Fatihahkan  .. 1

Fatihakan  .. 1

firman  .. 4

firmannya  .. 1

G

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B

C

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E

F
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O

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Q

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gantikan  .. 1

gatal  .. 1

Gelang  .. 1

gelap  .. 2

gelarnya  .. 1

gerak  .. 2

gerangan  .. 1

ghaib  .. 1

Ghaiblah  .. 1

ghalat  .. 1

Ghani  .. 1

guru  .. 1

gurumu  .. 1

H

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B

C

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E

F

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habis  .. 3

hadiahkan  .. 1

hadir  .. 1

hadis  .. 6

hai  .. 1

hakikat  .. 12

hakikatnya  .. 1

hakiki  .. 1

halus  .. 1

halwa  .. 1

hamba  .. 2

hambanya  .. 1

hampir  .. 2

hampiri  .. 1

hancur  .. 1

Hanya  .. 1

haqqani  .. 1

harap  .. 1

harga  .. 1

hari  .. 4

harinya  .. 1

harum  .. 1

hasad  .. 1

Hasil  .. 1

hati  .. 8

hatimu  .. 1

hatinya  .. 3

hendak  .. 3

hendaklah  .. 2

hewan  .. 3

hidangan  .. 3

Hidup  .. 1

hijab  .. 1

hilanglah  .. 4

Hilir  .. 1

hina  .. 2

Hingga  .. 3

hukumnya  .. 1

hurip  .. 1

hurufnya  .. 1

I

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ia  .. 10

Ialah  .. 1

ibadat  .. 2

ibarat  .. 4

iblis  .. 1

idangan  .. 2

Igamanya  .. 1

ihram  .. 1

ikan  .. 1

ikhlas  .. 2

ikhwan  .. 2

Iktidal  .. 1

Ilaha  .. 6

Ilah  .. 3

I`lam  .. 2

Ilir  .. 1

Illa  .. 6

Illallah  .. 6

ilmu  .. 12

iman  .. 4

Imanmu  .. 1

indera  .. 1

ingat  .. 1

ingatkan  .. 3

ingin  .. 1

ini  .. 3

inilah  .. 9

Insan  .. 1

insani  .. 1

iradat  .. 2

isbat  .. 3

isi  .. 2

Islam  .. 3

istirahat  .. 1

itu  .. 28

itulah  .. 9

Itupun  .. 1

Izzati  .. 3

`Izzati  .. 2

J

A

B

C

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Jabarut  .. 1

jadi  .. 3

jadikan  .. 2

Jadilah  .. 1

jahat  .. 1

jalan  .. 2

Jalannya  .. 1

jali  .. 1

jamuan  .. 1

Jangalah  .. 1

jangan  .. 19

janganlah  .. 4

Jannat  .. 1

Jannatun  .. 1

jasad  .. 2

jasmani  .. 1

Jauhar  .. 1

Jauh  .. 1

Jauhi  .. 1

Jau  .. 1

jemputan  .. 1

jenis  .. 5

Jikalau  .. 4

jin  .. 2

jirim  .. 1

jiwamu  .. 1

jua  .. 5

juga  .. 6

Jumat  .. 3

K

A

B

C

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E

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I

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K
L

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kadangan  .. 1

Kadim  .. 1

kafir  .. 1

kain  .. 2

kala  .. 1

kalam  .. 2

Kalau  .. 2

kalbu  .. 5

kali  .. 2

kalimah  .. 8

Kalimat  .. 2

kalung  .. 1

kambuli  .. 1

kami  .. 5

Kamil  .. 1

kampung  .. 1

kamu  .. 3

kanan  .. 1

kananmu  .. 1

kandil  .. 2

Kandillah  .. 1

Kapal  .. 1

Karamlah  .. 2

Karena  .. 3

Karim  .. 1

kasihan  .. 2

kata  .. 2

katanya  .. 4

Kaya  .. 4

kayu  .. 1

kebunan  .. 1

Kedelapan  .. 1

kedua  .. 4

keduanya  .. 4

keempat  .. 1

keenam  .. 1

keenamnya  .. 1

ke  .. 4

kehendak  .. 1

kejadian  .. 1

kekal  .. 3

kelapa  .. 1

kelima  .. 2

keluarkan  .. 1

Keluarlah  .. 1

kembali2  .. 1

kembali  .. 2

kembali-kembali  .. 1

Kembalilah  .. 3

kemudian  .. 3

kemudi  .. 1

kenangan  .. 2

kenyataan  .. 1

kepada  .. 18

kerana  .. 1

Keraskan  .. 1

Kerjalah  .. 1

keroncong  .. 1

kesasar  .. 1

Kesebelas  .. 1

Kesembilan  .. 1

Kesepuluh  .. 1

kesturi  .. 1

kesudahan  .. 1

ketiga  .. 3

ketika  .. 2

ketujuh  .. 2

khadamnya  .. 1

khafi  .. 1

khalidat  .. 1

khalik  .. 2

khaliq  .. 1

Khamis  .. 1

Khatimat  .. 1

khatir  .. 1

khemah  .. 1

khilaf  .. 1

khima  .. 1

Kindilah  .. 1

Kindil  .. 1

kiri  .. 1

kirimu  .. 1

kitab  .. 1

kita  .. 12

koreng  .. 1

kota  .. 1

kuasa  .. 2

kubur  .. 7

kuburnya  .. 1

kudrat  .. 1

kudratnya  .. 1

kudus  .. 2

Kulit  .. 1

kurang  .. 3

L

A

B

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laduni  .. 1

La  .. 7

lagi  .. 12

Lahut  .. 1

laknat  .. 1

laknatullah  .. 1

Laksana  .. 1

laku  .. 1

lalai  .. 1

lali  .. 1

Lama  .. 1

langit  .. 2

lapar  .. 1

lata  .. 5

Lautan  .. 1

laut  .. 3

Lautnya  .. 1

Lawan  .. 1

layu  .. 1

lekas  .. 1

lena  .. 1

Lenyap  .. 1

Lenyaplah  .. 1

Lepaslah  .. 3

lezat  .. 4

l  .. 2

lidah  .. 1

Lihatlah  .. 1

lima  .. 1

limpah  .. 1

limpat  .. 1

Llah  .. 6

luar  .. 2

luas  .. 3

lubuk  .. 1

lupa  .. 2

M

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B

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ma`ani  .. 1

Ma`bud  .. 1

mabuk  .. 1

maha  .. 4

mahal  .. 1

Mahamulia  .. 2

mahatinggi  .. 2

mahligai  .. 2

Mahsyar  .. 1

main2  .. 1

main-main  .. 1

majdhub  .. 1

maka  .. 2

makam  .. 2

makanan  .. 6

makan  .. 2

Makanlah  .. 2

makhluk  .. 1

maklumat  .. 1

maklum  .. 1

makrifat  .. 19

maksiat  .. 1

malaikat  .. 4

Malakut  .. 1

malam  .. 8

malamnya  .. 1

maluan  .. 1

mana  .. 8

manah  .. 1

Manakala  .. 1

manusia  .. 3

martabat  .. 7

martabatnya  .. 1

masbuk  .. 1

Masing2  .. 1

Masing-masing  .. 1

masuk  .. 2

Masuklah  .. 1

Masya  .. 1

mata  .. 3

matahari  .. 1

mati  .. 8

maujud  .. 2

Maujudlah  .. 1

Melainkan  .. 1

melompat  .. 1

memandang  .. 6

membacanya  .. 1

Membaiki  .. 1

membalas  .. 1

membawa  .. 3

memberi  .. 2

menari  .. 1

mendapat  .. 3

mendengarkan  .. 1

menelan  .. 1

menengarkan  .. 1

menengarnya  .. 1

mengadang  .. 1

mengapa  .. 1

mengarang  .. 1

mengata  .. 1

mengenal  .. 4

mengenalnya  .. 2

mengerjakan  .. 1

mengimpit  .. 1

menjadi  .. 9

Menjadikan  .. 1

Menjadilah  .. 1

menjaga  .. 1

menonton  .. 1

menunjukkan  .. 2

Menuntut  .. 1

Menurunkan  .. 1

menyasar  .. 1

menyatakan  .. 1

menyebutnya  .. 1

menyelam  .. 1

menyerahkan  .. 2

menyuruh  .. 1

Merasakan  .. 1

meriam  .. 1

milik  .. 1

mimpi  .. 1

minta  .. 2

minuman  .. 3

Misal  .. 1

miskin  .. 1

Mithalah  .. 1

Muda  .. 1

Mudah2an  .. 1

Mudah-mudahan  .. 2

Muhammad  .. 3

Muka  .. 1

mukammil  .. 1

mukmin  .. 2

Mulia  .. 2

mursid  .. 1

mursyid  .. 1

muslimin  .. 1

N

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M
N
O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

Nabi  .. 3

nafi  .. 3

Nafilah  .. 2

Nahi  .. 1

Nahnu  .. 2

Na`im  .. 1

nama  .. 2

namanya  .. 4

nas  .. 1

Nasi  .. 1

Nasut  .. 1

Negeri  .. 2

neraka  .. 3

ngata  .. 1

ngenalnya  .. 1

ngerjakan  .. 1

Niat  .. 1

nikmat  .. 13

nurani  .. 1

Nur  .. 3

nyata  .. 11

nyatakan  .. 1

Nyatalah  .. 1

nyawa  .. 9

O

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N
O
P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

oleh  .. 1

olehmu  .. 7

orang  .. 5

P

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O
P
Q

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

pada  .. 2

padan  .. 1

padi  .. 1

pagi  .. 3

pakaian  .. 5

pakaianku  .. 1

Palembang  .. 1

panas  .. 1

Panca  .. 1

pandang  .. 2

Pandangmu  .. 1

pangkat  .. 3

Pasang  .. 1

pasti  .. 1

patah  .. 2

pawang  .. 1

pedang  .. 2

pegang  .. 1

pelita  .. 2

Pelurunya  .. 1

pembeli  .. 1

penawar  .. 1

pendengar  .. 1

pendeta  .. 1

pengerasaan  .. 1

pengetahuan  .. 2

penghabisan  .. 1

Penglihat  .. 1

perasaan  .. 1

percintaan  .. 1

perduli  .. 1

pergi  .. 1

perintah  .. 2

perisai  .. 1

permulaan  .. 2

persandang  .. 1

pertama  .. 2

pertemuan  .. 1

pesankan  .. 1

pesuruh  .. 1

pesuru  .. 1

pikir  .. 5

pintu  .. 4

puji  .. 1

Pukul  .. 1

pula  .. 5

puluh  .. 5

pulu  .. 1

pun  .. 5

purnama  .. 2

putus  .. 1

Q

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P
Q
R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

qudrat  .. 1

qudsi  .. 1

Qur´an  .. 2

R

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q
R
S

T

U

W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

Rabbani  .. 1

Rabb  .. 6

rahasia  .. 5

rahim  .. 3

Rahman  .. 2

rahmat  .. 4

Rahmatnya  .. 1

rakhiyat  .. 1

Ramadhan  .. 1

ramaian2  .. 1

ramai  .. 4

ramai-ramaian  .. 1

rasa  .. 1

rasanya  .. 4

rasulnya  .. 1

rata  .. 1

ratus  .. 1

Ridalah  .. 1

rindu  .. 1

ruh  .. 1

ruku`  .. 1

rukun  .. 7

rukunnya  .. 2

rumah  .. 1

rumahnya  .. 1

rumanya  .. 1

rupa  .. 1

S

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R
S
T

U

W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

sabil  .. 1

sadina  .. 1

sahaja  .. 3

saidina  .. 1

sakit  .. 1

salah  .. 3

salam  .. 2

salamu  .. 2

salawat  .. 2

salik  .. 1

salim  .. 1

sallallah  .. 1

sallam  .. 1

sal  .. 1

Samad  .. 1

sama  .. 5

sampai  .. 3

Sampailah  .. 1

sana  .. 2

sandaran  .. 1

sangat  .. 1

sangatlah  .. 3

sasar  .. 1

satu  .. 4

satunya  .. 1

Saudara  .. 1

Sayyid  .. 1

Sebab  .. 2

Sebagai  .. 1

sebarang2  .. 1

sebarang-barang  .. 1

sebenarnya  .. 1

sebiji  .. 1

sedang  .. 1

sedekah  .. 3

sedia  .. 3

sedikit  .. 1

segala  .. 3

segera  .. 1

Segiya  .. 1

Sekadar  .. 1

sekali2  .. 1

sekalian  .. 20

sekali  .. 2

sekali-kali  .. 1

sekarang  .. 1

Sekehendak  .. 1

sekian  .. 2

Selagi  .. 1

selama2  .. 1

selama-lama  .. 1

selamat  .. 3

Semata2  .. 1

semata2  .. 2

semata-mata  .. 3

sembahyang  .. 3

sempurna  .. 3

semua  .. 3

semuanya  .. 10

Senangkan  .. 1

senantiasa  .. 3

sentosa  .. 2

seperti  .. 12

Serahkan  .. 1

Serahkanlah  .. 1

seraya  .. 1

Seribu  .. 2

serta  .. 4

sertanya  .. 2

serupa  .. 1

sesak  .. 1

sesat  .. 2

seterehat  .. 1

seteru  .. 2

seterumu  .. 1

setiap  .. 3

siang  .. 6

Siapa  .. 1

sifat  .. 1

sifatnya  .. 1

siksa  .. 1

sini  .. 1

sirri  .. 1

situ  .. 8

situlah  .. 3

sore  .. 3

suatu  .. 2

Subhana  .. 2

Subhanallah  .. 1

Subhan  .. 1

Subhani  .. 2

suci  .. 1

Sucikan  .. 1

sudah  .. 9

sudahlah  .. 4

sudalah  .. 4

suda  .. 9

sufi  .. 1

sujud  .. 2

suka  .. 2

Sukanya  .. 1

sukar  .. 1

suluh  .. 1

sungguh  .. 3

sungguhnya  .. 1

sunggunya  .. 1

sunggu  .. 1

sunyi  .. 1

Supaya  .. 3

syaikh  .. 1

syair  .. 4

syariat  .. 4

syuhuda  .. 2

Syuhud  .. 1

syurban  .. 1

syurga  .. 16

T

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S
T
U

W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

Taala  .. 1

taat  .. 1

ta`ayyun  .. 3

Tahsis  .. 1

tahu  .. 1

tahunya  .. 1

tahura  .. 1

ta`in  .. 3

Tajalli  .. 2

Takbirat  .. 1

takdir  .. 1

tak  .. 2

Taklif  .. 1

takut  .. 1

Takutlah  .. 1

tali  .. 1

tamam  .. 1

Tamatlah  .. 1

tanah  .. 2

tanda  .. 1

tanggungan  .. 1

tarikat  .. 5

ta´riq  .. 1

Tatkala  .. 2

tauhid  .. 2

taulan  .. 1

teguh  .. 1

telinga  .. 1

teluk-meneluk  .. 1

tempa  .. 1

tempat  .. 12

tempatnya  .. 1

tenggelam  .. 2

tentu  .. 8

terang  .. 3

terbahagi  .. 1

terbayan  .. 1

terbayang  .. 1

terbuka  .. 2

Terbukalah  .. 1

Terima  .. 1

Teringatlah  .. 1

terjali  .. 2

terkejut  .. 1

terkira  .. 1

terlalu  .. 4

terlu  .. 1

termakan  .. 1

termasa  .. 1

terperi  .. 2

tersalah  .. 1

tersalai  .. 1

tersali  .. 1

tersebut  .. 1

tertib  .. 1

tertulis  .. 1

Tetapi  .. 2

thabitah  .. 1

Thalab  .. 1

Thani  .. 1

tiada  .. 16

tiadalah  .. 7

tidak  .. 7

Tidaklah  .. 1

tiga  .. 5

tilik  .. 2

timbul  .. 1

tinggi  .. 2

titian  .. 1

tuan  .. 2

tubuh  .. 4

tubu  .. 1

Tuhan  .. 19

Tuhanmu  .. 1

Tuhannya  .. 4

tujuh  .. 3

Tuju  .. 1

tulus  .. 1

tunangan  .. 2

U

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T
U
W

Y

Z

0-9

‰

Ucaplah  .. 2

ujub  .. 1

ulama  .. 2

ullah  .. 1

umur  .. 1

un  .. 1

urip  .. 1

utama  .. 1

W

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U
W
Y

Z

0-9

‰

wa  .. 2

wahdah  .. 3

wahdat  .. 1

wajib  .. 4

waktu  .. 1

wali  .. 1

wasallam  .. 1

wayang  .. 2

wudu´  .. 1

wujud  .. 2

Y

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W
Y
Z

0-9

‰

Yahudi  .. 1

yakin  .. 1

yakni  .. 1

yang  .. 46

Yaum  .. 1

Z

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

Y
Z
0-9

‰

Zahir  .. 1

zaman  .. 1

zat  .. 4

zatnya  .. 1

zikir  .. 6

0-9

A

B

C

D

E

F

G

H

I

J

K

L

M

N

O

P

Q

R

S

T

U

W

Y

Z
0-9
‰

1  .. 1

By frequency

The most frequently occuring words (top 20%).

71 ..  di

46 ..  yang

39 ..  dalam

28 ..  itu

27 ..  dan

23 ..  al

20 ..  sekalian

19 ..  jangan, makrifat, Tuhan

18 ..  kepada

16 ..  Allah, syurga, tiada

15 ..  alam

13 ..  dengan, nikmat

12 ..  hakikat, ilmu, kita, lagi, seperti, tempat

11 ..  nyata

10 ..  engkau, ia, semuanya

9 ..  inilah, itulah, menjadi, nyawa, sudah

8 ..  bidadari, empat, hati, kalimah, malam, mana, mati, situ, tentu

7 ..  dia, kubur, La, martabat, olehmu, rukun, tiadalah, tidak

6 ..  atas, barang, daripada, diri, dunia, hadis, Ilaha, Illa, Illallah, juga, Llah, makanan, memandang, Rabb, siang, zikir

5 ..  ada, belas, datang, diberi, dibuat, dirimu, duduk, fakir, jenis, jua, kalbu, kami, lata, orang, pakaian, pikir, pula, puluh, pun, rahasia, sama, tarikat, tiga

4 ..  akhirat, aku, Apabila, berhingga, bersama, boleh, bukan, bulan, firman, hari, hilanglah, ibarat, iman, janganlah, Jikalau, katanya, Kaya, kedua, keduanya, ke, lezat, maha, malaikat, mengenal, namanya, pintu, rahmat, ramai, rasanya, satu, serta, sudahlah, syair, syariat, terlalu, tubuh, Tuhannya, wajib, zat
top


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malay concordance project

home

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Hikayat Maharaja Marakarma

bibliography

illustrations

text notes

list of words

list of rhyme words
Rhyme words
listed
alphabetically
and
by frequency
double-click on a word to see it in its rhyme context
reverse alphabetical
anakanda

3

merah

4

almari

2

pulau

1

tenda

1

pedati

1

garuda

2

selampai

1

hati

1

bidu

1

lama

2

sampai

1

rindu

1

Bima

2

diangan-angan

3

pilu

1

Jawa

2

guci

2

keyangan

3

temu

4

nyawa

2

memuji

2

awan

2

bertemu

4

tangkainya

2

matahari

1

berkawan

1

talinya

2

sehari

1

bangsawan

3

isterinya

4

mari

2

kain

2

bermain

2
frequency
bertemu

4

Bima

2

mari

2

pedati

1

isterinya

4

Jawa

2

memuji

2

pilu

1

merah

4

almari

2

nyawa

2

pulau

1

temu

4

awan

2

talinya

2

rindu

1

bermain

2

tangkainya

2

sampai

1

anakanda

3

garuda

2

sehari

1

bangsawan

3

guci

2

berkawan

1

selampai

1

diangan-angan

3

kain

2

bidu

1

tenda

1

keyangan

3

lama

2

hati

1

matahari

1
top


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Al-Imam

bibliography

list of articles

text notes

list of words

list of rhyme words
Text notes
MCP text

Imam 376:9

abna ul-watan al aziz

[anak-anak bumi yang mulia]

Imam 333:3

Adad

[Bilangan]

Imam 489:29

afradnya

[bahagian]

Imam 345:12

ajnabi

[yakni]

Imam 338:30

`ala

[tinggi mulia]

Imam 338:4

ali

[tinggi/mulia]

Imam 336:29

amru malikul rahman

[suruhan raja yang pemurah]

Imam 338:7

auduhu

[dijual beli]

Imam 310:13

[bahasa Arab]

[ertinya:  ulama itu waris para nabi]

Imam 321:29

[bahasa Arab]

[Maka tiada upaya berbuat kebaikan dan tiada daya upaya meninggalkan kejahatan melainkan dengan pertolongan Allah yang Maha~Mulia Lagi Maha~Besar Sifat ketuhanannya]

Imam 326:2

[bahasa Arab]

[Ya ayuhai al-Imam]

Imam 326:3

[bahasa Arab]

[Mudah-mudahan Allah panjangkan usia kamu dan sampaikan cita-citamu]

Imam 344:14

[bahasa Arab]

[ertinya:  dan tiada sekali-kali Allah Taala itu berkehendak akan aniaya bagi sekalian hambanya]

Imam 435:4

[bahasa Arab]

[badan perombak dan penggubal undang-undang]

Imam 470:4

[bahasa Arab]

[Katakan yang Benar Walaupun Pahit]

Imam 487:11

[bahasa Arab]

[Segala pujian-pujian bagi Allah dan salam sejahtera ke atas RasulNya ]

Imam 336:21

baqi

[kekal]

Imam 374:36

berbimbing

[berbimbang?]

Imam 489:6

bertasrif

[berserah]

Imam 398:2

Constantinople

[Istanbul]

Imam 457:32

Dansyawi

[di Mesir]

Imam 331:24

digolot

d.g.w.l.w.h"

Imam 479:26

dihuar-huarkan

[diheboh-hebohkan]

Imam 418:20

dikedangkan

[dibetulkan aturannya]

Imam 331:20

diketahui

[oleh kita]

Imam 336:31

din

[agama]

Imam 329:25

f.l.y.`.t.b.r.w.a

[ambillah iktibar]

Imam 330:19

fursah

[peluang]

Imam 453:9

gambar

[patung]

Imam 335:27

gharad

[tujuan]

Imam 376:25

gharadun

[tujuan]

Imam 480:29

ghobar

[kecoh]

Imam 488:6

hawadis

[kejadian yang baru]

Imam 331:4

hawadith

[bahaya]

Imam 321:19

hukuman

salinan:   hukaman

Imam 336:26

humum

[dukacita]

Imam 338:16

ikhwan

[saudara]

Imam 322:27

iktirad

[cadangan]

Imam 339:6

izah

[mulia]

Imam 335:26

jelah

[jelas]

Imam 336:33

jendera

[lena]

Imam 446:4

karangan-karangan

[Bibir Luti?]

Imam 333:17

kemenangan

salinan:   kemengan

Imam 488:11

khatar

[bahaya]

Imam 345:17

khaza´balatnya

[lucunya]

Imam 330:26

Krimea

q.r.m, salinan:  "Krom"

Imam 370:3

Kropotkin

salinan:   Krubatakin

Imam 370:7

Kropotkin

salinan:   Krubatakin

Imam 481:25

ku

k.w

Imam 337:22

leka

[khayal]

Imam 330:19

luazamnya

[persediaan]

Imam 418:34

luhak

[luak]

Imam 494:15

M

salinan:   Mozart

Imam 481:31

M L A Y U

[Melayu]

Imam 487:23

mahbub

[yang amat dicintai]

Imam 470:14

Mala

[bunga yang telah masak dan mencapai klimaksnya dan hampir akan layu]

Imam 336:23

mantiki

[jiwa]

Imam 310:26

masalah

[keperluan/kepentingan]

Imam 488:16

masulih

m.s.w.´.l.h

Imam 329:37

mengunjangkan

m.ng.w.n.j.ng.k.n, ? mengguncangkan

Imam 480:7

menumpang

[?]

Imam 419:8

merobohkan

[m.r.b.h.k.n]

Imam 439:10

mika

m.y.k

Imam 474:17

Mikado Mitshito

salinan:   Nikado Mitshuhito, Meiji

Imam 335:2

mukatib

[orang yang menulis]

Imam 481:3

muslih

[memperbaiki]

Imam 359:35

mustaqbal

[masa yang akan datang]

Imam 326:19

mutbaah

[percetakan]

Imam 388:6

nau`iyy

n.w.`.a-

Imam 417:2

Perca

[Sumatera]

Imam 407:19

Puah-puah

[Papua?]

Imam 345:3

[Qur´an]

[ertinya:  dan bahawasanya tiadalah bagi manusia itu melainkan usahanya dan bahawasanya usahanya itu lagi akan dilihatnya.  Kemudian dibalas akan dia dengan balasan yang sempurna]

Imam 312:2

[Qur´an 12:3]

[Surah Yusuf:  3, ertinya:  Kami riwayatkan kepada engkau suatu riwayat yang sebaik-baiknya]

Imam 310:15

[Qur´an 16:125]

[an-Nahl:  125, ertinya:  Serulah manusia ke dalam agama Tuhan engkau dengan kebijaksanaan dan pelajaran yang baik]

Imam 467:4

rabitah

salinan:   rabatah

Imam 457:1

rad

[menjawab]

Imam 360:3

Rahimika-ya-ail-lahi

[rahmat Engkau ya Tuhanku]

Imam 338:7

rahnum

[pendadaian]

Imam 437:22

Rais al-Reja

r.a.'.s a.l.r.j.a

Imam 453:30

rasul-mal

[ketua pengumpul modal]

Imam 487:27

Rusydiah

salinan:   Rasyidiah

Imam 338:5

saedah

[bahagia]

Imam 382:10

sarih

[terusterang]

Imam 476:37

sega

[rotan]

Imam 335:11

selia

[selalu berawas]

Imam 338:30

taha

[nabi Muhammad]

Imam 391:18

tajriah

[identity]

Imam 481:34

tanggah

t.ng.g.h, ? tangga

Imam 481:19

Tatal

[Tartar]

Imam 317:16

tegab-tegab

tegap-tegap

Imam 336:11

tiar

[arus]

Imam 338:1

ul-fadri

[memakan riba berlebihan]

Imam 333:12

ul-Funun

[sekolah aneka pengetahuan]

Imam 409:19

umat

(umat-umat)

Imam 326:18

wasitah

[perantaraan]

Imam 336:20

wa´zun

[kesedaran]

Imam 439:20

wuthniah

w.th.n.y.h"

Imam 376:25

zatnya

dh.a.t.nya, salinan:  zafunya
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Rencana-RencanalArlic/es

A Nineteenth-Century Malay Bookseller's Catalogue
I. Proudfoot*

Abstrak: Perpustakaan Universiti Leiden mempunyai sebuah katalog buku-buku untuk
jualan yang dicetak oleh Haji Muhammad Siraj, seorang penerbit Melayu di Singapura.
Katalog ini dapat ditetapkan tarikhnya pada 7897 atau 7898. Haji Siraj dan penjual
penjual buku Melayu terkemuka yang lain berhubungan erat dengan masyarakat Islam
yang kuat di pasisir Jawa. Katalognya memberi sedikit gambaran ten tang bagaimana
perdagangan buku Melayu dikendalikan, dan apakah jenis buku-buku yang dijual. Haji
Siraj menjual buku-buku yang khususnya diterbitkan oleh penerbit-penerbit lain di
Singapura, walaupun beliau juga menguruskan langganan untuk akhbar-akhbar Arab dari
Mesir don akhbar-akhbar Melayu (rumi) dari Hindia Belanda. Katalog ini termasuk satu
rual1gan untuk· buku-buku di bawah tajuk 'Kitab'. Anehnya buku-buku inibukan
berkenaan agama Islam malahan berupa buku-buku rujukan. Buku-buku berkenaan hal
ehwal Islam adalah dalam bentuk syair, atau hikayat mengenai wira-wira legendari
dalam sejarah Islam. Katalog ini menggambarkan bagaimana bahan-bahan popular ini
diberi sebaran luas pada lewat abad kesembilan belas.

Abstract: Leiden University Library has a catalogue of books for sale issued by Haji
Muhammad Siraj, a Malay publisher in Singapore. The catalogue can be dated to 7897
or 7898. Haji Siraj and other leading Singapore Malay booksellers had close connections
with the strong Muslim communities of the Javanese pasisir. His cataiogue gives some
idea of how the Malay book trade operated, and what kind of books were on sale. Haji
Siraj sold mainly books published by other Singapore publishers, although he also offered
subscriptions to Egyptian Arabic newspapers and Netherlands In dies newspapers in
romanised Malay. The catalogue includes a section of books classed as 'Kitab '.
Interestingly these books are not Islamic manuals; rather they are reference books. Books
dealing with religious themes are in syair form, or hikayats dealing with the legendary
heroes of Islamic history. The catalogue illustrates how this popular material was given
wide circulation in the late nineteenth century.

In the later nineteenth century, Singapore emerged
as a centre of ferment in Malay intellectual life. The
first stirrings of a new consciousness have been
described by William Roff in his study of The Origins
of Malay Nationalism. 1 The influence of this
cosmopolitan commercial centre on surrounding
Malay societies was both disturbing and stimulating.
An important way in which new ideas and new
religious attitudes were disseminated from Singapore
was through the new medium of print.

The best-documented literary activity of this
period of reform and change is the publication of

periodicals.2 Journals like Jawi Peranakkan were a
revolution in communication, being both widely
disseminated and topical. This innovation is
associated with the creation of a literate elite and the
burgeoning school system. But, alongside· the
publication of newspapers and magazines, we should
not forget the role of book publishing. Books
published in Singapore were not generally so topical
as the periodicals. Nevertheless the availability of
printed works of literature in the latter part of the
nineteenth centu ry contributed greatly to the creation
of a climate of literate intellectual exchange.

*Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University.

1 Yale University Press, 1967: Chapter 2.

2W. Roff, Bibliography of Malay and Arabic Periodicals, Oxford University Press, London, 1972.

Kekal Abadi 6(4) Disember 1987 1

Newspapers and magazines were no doubt more
influential in the long run, but books led the way.3

A fair number of the books published has survived,
especially from 1887 onwards when the Colonial
Secretary's office began registering books for
copyright and requiring deposit copies.4 Data
culled from the books themselves, from the
newspapers of the day, and from the Government
Gazettes give evidence of an active publishing
industry which was keenly commercial.

Haji Muhammad Siraj, publisher
Several Malay book publishers were active in Singapore
at the end of the nineteenth century. Among them
several shared a common background in the strongly
Islamic pasisir re"gions of Java. Foremost was Haji
Muhammad Siraj bin Haji Muhammad Salih al
Rambani {Le. of Rembang, northern Java}. Haji
Muhammad Nuh bin Haji Ismail, active a decade or
so earlier, came from Juwana, also in northern Java.
Haji Siraj's most prolific contemporary colleagues
were Haji Muhammad Said bin Haji Muhammad
Arsyad of Semarang and Haji Muhammad Taib bin
Haji Muhammad lain of Pati, near Semarang. Two
less active publishers, Haji Abdul Karim bin Suradin
of Rembang, and Syaikh al-Hajj Muhammad Nuh
bin Mustafa of Purbalingga, Banyumas, in south
central Java, could be added to the group.

No doubt Haji Siraj and other publishers
participated in the jawi pekan or jawi peranakan
community in Singapore described by Roff.s This
group, which had a mixed Indian-Arab and Malay
ancestry and strong overseas connections, was a
bridge between the wider world and provincial
Malay culture.

Haji Siraj published lithographs of many Malay
works of the manuscript culture - hikayat and
syair - though his repertoire included also religious

works in Malay, Javanese and Arabic. As well as
publishing, he ran what was probably the largest
Malay book store of the day. He marketed Malay
books vigorously. His consistent advertising in
jawi Peranakkan is not matched by any other
publisher.6

Aside from advertising in the press, publishers
used their own books to mention other titles they
had in stock or were planning to print. Occasionally
this form of advertising extended to lists of books
for sale which were included at the beginning or end
of one of the publishers' books. Haji Siraj frequently
included such lists in the books he printed. Another
form of advertising was the printing of catalogues,
which were available to the reading public free on
request.7

We are fortunate to have a copy of one of Siraj's
catalogues. It has been preserved in the Leiden
University Library. It was stored in a packet together
with four issues of jawi Peranakkan and an invoice
for sixteen works printed by Haji Muhammad Taib,
another Singapore publisher. It is lithographed on
one side of a large sheet the same size as a newspaper.
It lists 124 book titles and 14 newspapers.

Date of the catalogue
The catalogue is undated, but its date can be

estimated quite closely. One key to the date is the
list of newspapers available for subscription which
appears at the end of the catalogue.

Of the newspapers listed, I am not able to identify
Matahari Terbit. But where there is information
about the dates of publication of the other titles,
all pre-date 1897.8 The last to begin publication was
Warta Kerajaan Perak, actually in 1897. On the other
hand, Bintang Betawi apparently ceased publication
in 1906. Therefore the catalogue must fall between
these dates. We also know that Pewarta Bumi failed

31. Proudfoot, 'A Formative Period in Malay Book Publishing', Journal of the Malaysian Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society,
vol. 59, pt. 2 (1986); 124·125.

41. Proudfoot, 'Pre·War Malay Periodicals', Kekal Abadi, iil. 4, bil. 4 (Disember 1985); 1·2.

5 W. Roff, Origins of Malay Nationalism, pp.44,48.
6 From 31 August 1891 until 7 March 1892, Siraj took a large weekly advertisement on the front page of Jawi Peranakkan listing
books for sale; thereafter he advertised frequently, announcing the availability of new titles.
7 References to such catalogues will be found at Raja AIi Haji, Salasilah Melayu dan Bugis, Matbaat al·lmam, Singapore, 1329
[1911]: back cover; Haji Sulaiman b. Haji Muhammad Basyir, Penambah Akal, Haji Abdullah b. Haji Muhammad Said, Singapore,
1917: p. 32.

sW. Roff, Bibliography of Malay and Arabic Periodicals; Katalogus Surat-Kobar Koleksi Perpustakaan Museum Pusat, 1810-
1973, Museum Pusat, Departmen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Jakarta, 1973; 3200 Revues et journaux arabes de 1800 a 1965,
ed. Abdelghani Ahmed-Bioud, Bibliotheque nationale, Paris, 1969; M. Hartmann, The Arabic Press of Egypt, Luzac, London,
1899.

Hartmann mentions two journals titled AI-fkdaus, no. 167 (Cairo, 1889+), a political weekly; and no. 44 (Cairo, 1898+)
a weekly women's magazine. Siraj's catalogue lists a monthly.

Wajah Silung is mentioned in Hikayat Amir Hamzah, Penang, 29 Ramadhan 1313 [±14 March 1896] ,pAOl.

2

in the years 1900-1901. This leaves 1897-1899
and 1902-1906 as possibilities.

Another clue lies in the absence of any Singapore
or Penang newspapers from the list of those offered
for subscription. Since Siraj was willing to list
Warta Kerajaan Perak, which was an edition of the
Perak Government Gazette in jawi (Arabic script
adapted to writing Malay), and was willing to import
Batavian newspapers in the rumi (romanized) script
unfamiliar to most of his readers, it seems unlikely
that he would not offer more interesting fare to his
readers if it were available. Indeed, earlier in the
decade, Siraj had been the subscription agent for
three jawi Malay newspapers. 9 For 1898-1899,
however, there were no locally produced periodicals
other than a Christian-mission monthly and a Sunday
school paper. This was not true of 1902-1906.
Throughout this period Chahaya Pulau Pinang
(October 1900+) was available, as were for some
time Lengkongan Bulan (April 1900-March 1901)
and the Singapore-produced Taman Pengetahuan
(June 1904+). Taken all together, the list of
newspapers available for subscription therefore
suggests a date for the catalogue around 1898-99.

The books listed for sale are a less reliable source
for inferring the date of the catalogue because early
Malay book publishing is still less thoroughly
documented. Nevertheless, comparing Siraj's
catalogue with data collected from the Straits
Settlements Government Gazette (SSGG) and a
survey of major public library holdings, a few
interesting points emerge. One is the absence of
Syair Haji Nailah from the list. This title was
published by Siraj on 4 December 1900.10 It would
surely be included if the catalogue were later than ,
that date. It is more difficult to determine the

earliest possible date for the catalogue because most
of the syair and hikayat titles listed were fairly
constantly reprinted throughout the last decades of
the nineteenth centu ry. Nevertheless, the I isting of a
letterpress edition of Sejarah Melayu is significant.
The first such edition in th is period was put out in
1896. 11

In Syair Haji Nailah Siraj included a list of syair
for sale. This stocklist generally corresponds with the
Syair section of the catalogue, although a few titles
mentioned in the catalogue are absent. On the other
hand, the stocklist includes three syair which are
not listed in the catalogue. Such differences are not
necessarily significant, for we do not know that
either of the lists is meant to be comprehensive.
Nevertheless, one of the additional items in the
stocklist is interesting. For two (Syair Utusan Jambi
and Syair Perang Pahong dan Ceritero johor) I can
find no further information; but the third, Syair
Permata Nilom, was published on 8 August 1900.12

Its absence from the catalogue, but not from the
stocklist, could point to an earlier date for the
catalogue.

More revealing is another stocklist appended by
Siraj to Hikayat Nakhoda Muda, also published late in
1900.13 This lists hikoyots available for purchase
from Siraj. Like the Haji Nailah stocklist, this list
has much common ground with the catalogue,
although it gives a rather wider sense to the category
hikoyat. Nine titles are found in this stocklist but not
in the catalogue. Among those absent from the
catalogue are an important group of school texts
put out in late 1898 and 1899 at the instigation
of R.J. Wilkinson. These titles are Hikoyat Sultan
Ibrahim, 1 4 Hikayot joyo Asmoro,1 S Hikoyat Morong
Mohowongso, 1 6 Hikoyot Puspa Wirojo, 17 and Maloi

9 'n Bintang Timor, 13 October 1894, p. 3, Siraj advertised that he was the subscription agent for eight Malay·language news·
papers, including three in 'Bahasa Melayu huruf Arab': jawi Peranakkan (Singapore), Sri Perak (Taiping). Tanjong Penegri

(Penang); two of the eight were Singapore publications: jawi Peranakkan and Bintang Timor.

10 Syair Haji Nailah macam baru, Haji Muhammad Siraj b. Haji Muhammad Salih, Singapore, 10 Sya'ban 1318 [± 3 December
1900]; registered at SSGG 19 April 1901, p.662, where its date is 4 Dec 1900.

11 Sejarah Melayu, eel. W.G. Shellabear, American Mission Press, Singapore, 1896.

12 Sayid Abu Bakar, Syair Permata Nilam, Haji Muhammad Said, Singapore, [defective date]; registered at SSGG 19 October
1900, p. 2483 with pUblication date 8 August 1900.

13 Hikayat Nakhoda Muda, Matba' Haji Muhammad Siraj, Singapore, 1318 & 1900. Registered at SSGG 19 April 1901, p. 663,

with publication date of 10 November 1900.

14Hikayat Sultan Ibrahim [rumi], Kelly & Walsh, Singapore, for R.J. Wilkinson, Acting Inspector of Schools, Straits Settlements.
The SSGG dates publication at 18 April 1899 (SSGG 1 September 1899, p. 1241).

1 S Hikayat jaya Asmara (jawi] , Singapore Government Press, f~r the Inspector of Schools, 1899.

16Muhammad Yusuf b. Nasruddin, Hikayat Marong Mahawangsa yakni Salasilat Negeri Kedah Oar al-Aman [jawi], Kim Seck
Hean Press, Penang, for R.J. Wilkinson, Acting Inspector of Schools, Straits Settlements, 16 Nov 1898 = 2 Rajab 1316.

17 R.J. Wilkinson (ed.). Hikayat Maharaja Puspa Wiraja di Negeri Istana Pura Negara [jawiJ, Sinllapore Government Press, 1899
(R.O. Winstedt, A History of Classical Malay Literature, Oxford University Press, Kuala Lumpur, 1969: pp. 316, 318).

3

Ridar [Malay ReaderJ. 18 School textbooks are
otherwise well represented in the catalogue, so the
absence of all these items points toa date before
November 1898.

Thus we may infer that the most likely date for
the catalogue· falls between early 1897 and late
1898.

Contents of the catalogue
Drawing on a survey of early Malay printed books in
major libraries, I have tried to identify the last known
edition of each work listed which was published
before the end of 1898. I have added notes of the
publisher's name and the date of that edition in the
right-hand columns of the transcription of the
catalogue. (Unless otherwise indicated, the place of
publication is Singapore.)

From this information, a few main points emerge.
First, a very high proportion of the books Siraj

offers for sale had been put out by Singapore
publishers. We do not know of course whether in
1898 Siraj was still selling copies of a book published
in Singapore in 1890. There may have been a
Singapore reprint of which we are unaware, or the
book may have been reprinted elsewhere - in
Bombay, for instance. I 9 Our knowledge of book
publishing at this time is certainly incomplete.
Nevertheless, the fact that nearly all the books listed
in the catalogue had Singapore editions, strongiy
suggests that the great bulk of Siraj's stock was locally
produced for sale on the local market.

The secolld point is that Siraj's own publications

make up only a small proportion of the stock he has
for sale. The notes I have added to the catalogue
suggest that only about 10% of all the titles listed
are his own pUblications. Or, measured another way,
his publications account for about 14% of those we
know were published by indigenous Singapore
printers. This probably understates Si raj's printing
activity, for it stands to reason that among the
books which have not survived from this early
period, some will have been pu blished by Siraj. 20

Nevertheless, the Government Gazette registrations
broadly corroborate this picture of Siraj's activity.
Taking the registrations from their inception in 1887
until the date of the catalogue, we find Siraj credited
in 15% of the registrations by indigenous publishers.
In short, it is clear that the great majority of the
books listed in Siraj's catalogue are not his own
pu bl ications.

In fact it appears that a small group of publishers
worked closely together. In the production of
several bulky Javanese Islamic manuals, Siraj acted
as editor (and probably calligrapher) for works
published by Haji Muhammad Sidik. Examples of
this practice are Mukhtasar al-Hikam,2 I Kitab
Munjiyat,22 Majmuk al-A 'mal, i 3 and Majmuat
al-Syariat. 24 Slighter or more popular works were
frequently put out first by one publisher and later by
another. 2

S Copyright seems to have been readily
negotiable.

Thus it emerges that Haji Siraj was involved in
several aspects of publishing, book production and
retailing. His catalogue includes his colleagues'

18 A Malay Reader (Romanized), Kelly & Walsh, Singapore, for R.J. Wilkinson, Acting Inspector of Schools, Straits Settlements.
The SSGG dates publ ication at 11 April 1899 (SSGG 1 Sep 1899, p. 1241 ).

191nformation about Malay kitab published in Egypt, Arabia and Turkey, and especially about hikayat and syair published in
Bombay, is still rudimentary.

20 This is particularly likely when we know that Siraj was an earlier publisher of a title which was subsequently put
out by another publisher: e.g. Hikayat Indra Bangsawan, was published on 21 Syawal1306 = 20 June 1889 by Haji Muhammad
Siraj; then reissued on 12 Muharram 1310 [±1 November 1902) :by Matba' Haji Muhammad Taib and noted thus for the catalogue;
but subsequently again put out by Matba' Haji Muhammad Siraj on 1 Ramadhan 1319 [±12 December 1901]; and by Muhammad
Idris on 20 Muharram 1323 [±27 March 1905).

21 Mu'khtasar al-Hikam, translated by Muhammad Salih bin Umar Semarang, Matba' al-Hajj Muhammad Sidik, Singapore, 1291
[1874·1875).

22 Kitab Munjiyat matik saking Ihya 'Vlum aI-Din al-Ghazali, translated by Muhammad Sal ih bin Umar al·Samarani, 1 st ed ition,
Matba' al-Hajj Muhammad Sidik, Singapore, 30 Jumad al-thani 1310 [±19 January 1893); [2nd edition) akhir Safar 1313
[August 1895).

23 Kitab Majmuk al-A 'mal al-Mardhiah, Matbaah Haji Muhammad Sidik, Singapore, 15 Rajab 1311 [±22 January 1894).

24 Risalat Majmuat al-Syariat al-Kafiat IiI 'Awamm, tra'nslated by Syaikh Muhammad Yahya al-Samarani, Matbaat al-Hajj
Muhammad Sidik, Singapore, 1309 [1891-92); [2nd edition] awal Muharram 1312 [July 1894].

2S An extreme example is Syair Siti Zubaidah, which was published by Haji Abdul Karim b. Suradin in 1874, by Haji Termidi in
1883, at Matba' Haji Muhammad Siraj in 1888, by Haji Muhammad Amin in 1889, and by Haji Muhammad Said again in 1889,
by Haji Muhammad Siraj & Co. yet again in 1889, by Haji Muhammad Sidik in 1890 and 18n, by Haji Muhammad Taib in
1893, by Amin again in 1894, by Taib again in 1898, and by Amin again in 1900. There were additionally a couple of issues by
unidentified publishers during this period:

4

and competitors' works as well as his own. It thus
gains significance as an indicator of the book-buying
public's taste in 1898.

Book trade
The catalogue throws a little light, too, on aspects of
the book trade. It gives some insight into marketing
arrangements.

Haji Siraj's Penang agent, Haji Putih, was a
publisher and bookseller in his own right. The
catalogue itself lists two titles published by Haji
Putih in Penang and a third printed in Singapore by
Siraj on Haji Putih's behalf.26 In his own publica
tions, Haji Putih advertises his bookshop (kedai
kitab) and describes himself as a bookseller (berniaga
kitab-kitab).27 The peninsular agents, on the other
hand, were not known as booksellers, although two
had other connexions with publishing. The Malacca
agent, Munsyi Muhammad Jaafar, had written a
booklet Syair dan Ucapan Queen 50 Tahun Jubilee
which Siraj published in 1891.2 8. The Kinta agent,
Haji Muhammad Yaakub, was associated with the
Taiping newspapers Seri Perak in 1893, and later
Khizanah a/-f/mu in 1904.29 But neither they,
nor Munsyi Syaikh Nasir, the Perak visiting teacher,
could be called professional booksellers like Si raj
and Putih. In this period bookshops were probably
found only in the commercial centres of Singapore
and Penang.

Lack of a network of retailers makes Si raj's
provisions for mail-order more significant:

The reference books (kitab), romances
(hikayat), ballads (syair) and newspapers listed
in this catalogue may be bought for the prices
listed beside each title, paid in cash. Customers
abroad wishing to buy these books should
forward payment in advance together with the
postal charges listed alongside each price.
Money from abroad may be sent as bank orders
or postal money orders as well as in the form of
currency notes. We definitely do not accept
stamps as payment for books. Money sent
from anywhere in Java, Sumatra or other

places using Dutch currency should be
converted at the rate of 1.25 Javanese rupiahs
to 1 Singapore dollar. All correspondence and
payments should be sent to the address given
above. Alternatively, the address in English is :
H.M. Sirat, 43 Sultan Road, Singapore.

The listing of postage costs alongside the price of
each title, and the elaborate instructions for ordering
by mail, indicate well-developed practice. Clearly the
extension of colonial postal services in both British
and Netherlands territories offered great potential
to Siraj and other Singapore booksellers. 3o

Format of the books
All but three of all the books listed in the catalogue
are in jawi. The exceptions are quarantined in a
separate classification headed Kitab-Kitab Me/ayu
huruf /nggeris. Of these, one is a Government
published school book; and the other two are
imported from Batavian publishers. Similarly with
the newspapers available for subscription, only
those from the Netherlands East Indies are in
romanized script. Use of rumi script was already
well established in the Netherlands East Indies, but
by 1898 had made little impression on Singapore -
or Peninsular - readers.

Most of the books listed were produced by
lithography (cap batu). We see that typeset books
(cap timah) are specially marked. The reason may be
that use of type was a selling point, or that the
relatively higher prices of such books needed to be
explained. Probably both factors operate. 3

1 While
lithographs were generally produced as cheaply as
possible, the typeset books listed in the catalogue
were of higher quality, printed on better paper, and
better bound. Typeset books were produced at
European-owned presses, at the various government
presses, and in a few cases at presses used for
newspaper publication.

In 1898, none of the main indigenous book
publishers of Singapore, Penang, or the Peninsula
owned letterpress equipment. The exception was the
Jawi Peranakkan company, which produced few

26Hikayat Sultan Bustamam, Haji Putih Sya'ia (at Freeman Press), Penang, 6 Dhulhijjah 1312 [±31 May 1895]; Hikayat Ganja
Mara, Haji Putih Sya'ia (at freeman Press), Penang, 15 RarT]adhan 1314 = 17 Fehruari 1897; Surat Terasul, Matba'ah Haji
Muhammad Siraj, Singapore, dengan suruhan Haji Putih, Penang. Syair Dagang is a similar joint publication, 1 Rabi' al-akhir
1305 [±17 December 1887].

27 Hikayat Ganja Mara, title page.

28 Syair dan Ucapan Queen 50 Tahun Jubilee, Matba' Haji Muhammad Siraj, Singapore, 1891-

29 W. Roff, Bibliography of Malay and Arabic Periodicals, p.31 (no. 17).

3°I.Proudfoot, 'Formative Period', p.101.

31Ibid.p.111.

5

books but established a precedent for typeset
newspaper production. The Jowi Peronokkon staff
published Syoir Kompung Boyon Dimakan Api32 on
this press; and Siraj used it to print Hikayot
Ala'uddin. 33 On another occasion, he used the
American Mission Press to print Risalat Peraturan
Bolo Sepok (listed in the catalogue as Peroturan
Bermain Bolo Sepak Futbul).34 Makhdum Sahib
printed Hikayat Gul Bokowali at the Oenodaya Press,
which was better known for its Baba (romanized)
publications.35 These few cases are the only ones in

which indigenous book publishers used the letterpress

technique. In all other cases, such books were put
out by European or official presses.

The method of marking the typeset books in the
catalogue reflects this state of affairs. In general,
it assumes lithography: it is the typeset books which
are specially indicated. However this assumption
does not hold good for two classes of publication.
The books in romanized script (Kitob-kitob Melayu
Huruf Inggeris) and the newspapers were exclusively
typeset. In these categories the catalogue does not
mark the use of type, for here the readers of the
catalogue will have assumed that letterpress was used.

Range of titles
If this catalogue indicates what readers were buying
in 1898, it is remarkable that no Islamic manuals are
included in the catalogue. We might expect to find
such works under the heading Kitob, but in the
catalogue this category comprises ready-reckoners
and school books. It is true that books of Islamic
doctrine, in both Arabic and Malay, were more often
published in Cairo, Mecca, Istanbul and Bombay,

than in Singapore. 3
6 But notices in Singapore

printed books tell us that such books were readily
available in Singapore book stores, 3

7 and indeed
Siraj himself sold them. 311 Their absence from this
catalogue is therefore noteworthy. In the catalogue,
books dealing directly with religious topics are in
syoir form; Syoir Sifat Duapuluh, Syoir Syoriot, Syoir
Mekah, Syoir Nur Muhammad, Syair Moyot, Syoir
Makrifot ai-Islam, etc. Among the hikoyats are several
dealing with the exploits of the legendary heroes of
early Islam: Hikayot Amir Homzah, Hikoyat
Muhammod Hanafioh, Hikayot Semoun Perong Abu
Jahal, etc. This focus prompts us to believe that for
the general book-buying public, Islamic values and
identity were transmitted throu~ popular Islamic
literature rather than through dogmatic treatises.
The same observation could be made about
the selection of Arabic newspapers offered for
subscription: they deal with general news of the
Islamic heartland; they are not journals devoted to
religious matters.

At the same time, it is striking that a number of
books of Western knowledge appear as Kitab in the
catalogue. Many are government publications
intended for the 'vernacular' Malay schools of the
Straits Settlements. Their prominence in this
commercial bookseller's catalogue suggests that they
may have reached a wider audience. No doubt Siraj
sold some of these school textbooks to teachers in the
government schools of the peninsular states. It is
significant that his agent for Taiping-Larut is a visiting
teacher (that is, a Western-trained Malay school
inspector). Populous and wealthy Perak was the
leader in developing a network of government schools
on the Peninsula, and its early schools relied on text-

32 Pengarang Jawi Peranakkan, Syoir Kompung Boyon Dimokon Api, Singapore, 1883.

33Syoir Alouddin, Haji Muhammad Siraj, Singapore, 1890, printed at Matbaah Jawi Peranakkan.

34Sayid Mahmud, Peroturon Bolo Sepok, Haji Muhammad Siraj, Singapore, 1895; SSGG 1 May 1896, p. 640.

35 The Denodaya Press was, however, run by Makhdum Sahib b. Ghulam Muhyiddin Sahib.

36 V. Matheson & M.B. Hooker, 'Jawi Literature in Patani', jMBRAS, forthcoming 1988.

37 E.g. Syair Rejong, Haji Muhammad Said, Singapore, 27 Januari 1893, at front: 'Bahwa adalah hamba maklumkan di bawah
satar ini ada sedia jual syair dan hikayat dan kitab-kitab cap dari negeri Mekah al-Masyrifah dan taba'.Mesir macam-macam';
Hikoyot Gonjo Mora (see note 27), title page: 'Kedai nombor 52 di Jalan Acheen Street sedia berma.:am-macam kitab-kitab Arab
dan kitab-kitab Melayu taba' Mekah, Stambul, Mesir, Bombai, dan lain-lain demikian lagi berjenis hikayat dan syair-syair dan
berbagai-bagai pula surat-surat cerita yang indah-indah .. .'; Syoir Nyoi Dosimo, Muhammad b. Haji Muhammad Said, Singapore,
2 Rajab 1330 = 17 Jun 1912, back cover: 'Menjual serbajenis kitab-kitab Arab, Melayu dan J:lwa daripada Cap Mekah, Stambul,
Rusyin, Mesir, Bombai dan berbagai-bagai jenis azimat dan gambar wafak rumah dan kebun'.

38 See e.g. the Iklan of Hikoyot Abu Sommoh, Haji Muhammad Siraj, Singapore, 1304 [1886-1887], p.2: 'Telah dijual kitab
kitab dan hikayat-hikayat dan syair-syair daripada bahasa Arab dan bahasa Jawa istimewa pula daripada bahasa Melayu .. .'. Siraj
then (p.39) lists his stock in three columns of equal length: one lists Kitob dealing with Islamic teachings, one Hikayot, and one
Syoir. Also Syoir Toj ol-Muluk, Ofis Haji Muhammad Said & Haji Muhammad Siraj, Singapore, Dhulkaedah 1304 [July-August
1887 J, p.88: 'kitab-kitab cap Mekah bahasa Melayu macam-macam karangan Syaikh Daud Patani dan Syaikh Arsyad Banjar .. .'.

6

books published in the Straits Settlements. 39 On the
other hand, many of the books published for the
government schools will have had a wider appeal.
Some also represented good value for money.

Conclusion
This catalogue is a precious record for Malay
intellectual life at an important time of transition .
It conveys an impression of the book-buying

public's taste and the reading materials which were -
in part - forming their world-view.

It throws light on the role of the cosmopolitan
Singapore Muslim community in disseminating new
ideas, both from the centres of the Islamic world and
from the West. But it reminds us, too, that the
intellectual revolution which began last century
stemmed at first from the wider dissemination of
traditional materials as well as from exposure to
the new.

[Transcription of the catalogue with added notes of the publisher's name and date in the right-hand column]

HAJ I MUHAMMAD SIRAJ BIN HAJ I MUHAMMAD SALlH
Tukang Cap

Nombor 43 Sultan Road Singapura

Surat-surat dan wang-wang yang
dikirim hendaklah dialamatkan kepada
Haji Muhammad Si raj tukang cap
nombor 43 Sultan Road Singapura:

H.M. Sirat
43 Sultan Road, Singapore

Wakil-wakil menjual
di Melaka:
di Taiping-Larut:
di Kinta-Papan, Perak:
di Pulau Pinang:
di Labuhan Deli:

Munsyi Muhammad Jaafar, kerani Residen
Munsyi Syaikh Nasir, visiting teacher

Haji Muhammad Yaakub bin Raja Bila
Haji Putih Enkampeni, saudagar kitab

Haji Muhammad bin Nakhoda Abu Bakar

Adapun sekalian kitab-kitab hikayat-hikayat dan syair-syair serta surat-surat khabar yang tersebut di dalam
daftar ini boleh dapat dibeli dengan wang tunai menurut harga yang ditentukan di sebelah nama kitab-kitab itu.
Jika pada lain-lain negeri berkehendak kitab-kitab itu hendaklah dikirimkan wang harganya terlebih dahulu serta
wang belanja posnya menurut yang dinyatakan di sebelah harga-harga itu. Maka sekalian wang-wang yang dikirim '
daripada lain-lain negeri hendaklah dikirimkan dengan beng wesel atau mani odar. Maka pada negeri-negeri yang
tiada dapat weseldan mani odar memadailahdengan mengirimkan wang kertas sahaja. Maka tiada diterima sekali
kali setem-setem pos dijadikan wang bagi membeli kitab-kitab itu. Maka sekalian wang-wang yang dikirim dari
pada seluruh tanah Jawa dan Pulau Perca serta negeri-negeri yang pakai belanja wang Holanda hendaklah mengirim
den~n hitungan tiap-tiap seringgit ($1) Singapura dengan satu rupiah duapuluh lima sen (f 1.25) Jawa. Sekalian
surat-surat dan wang yang di kirim hendaklah dialama[ tl kan kepada nama yang tcrsebut di atas itu. Ji ka berbahasa
Inggeris demikian: H.M. Sirat, 43 Sultan Road, Singapore.

{column 1/

Kitab-kitab Harganya Posnya
Ringgit sen sen

*Urip waras 30 4 Singapore GOII't Press 1891
*Benih pelajaran 10 4 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 1895
Terasul 10 Haji Putih, Penang (printed

by Haji Muhammad Siraj,
Singapore) 1887

Teladan'menyurat 10 2 {Inspector of Schools, S.S.} 1889
* Jalan kepandaian, kitab sekolah nombor 3 35 5 johor GOII't Press 1885
* Jawab ilmu kira-kira Tuan Hall 35 4 {Inspector of Schools, S.5.} ?
* J ioghrafi 30 2 j ohor Gov't Press 7884
*Cakap rampai-rampai bahasa Melayu Johor $1 .00 5 Neth. Indies Gov't Press, Batavia 7868
*Sifir Muhammad 5 1 johor Gov't Press 7886

390n sale of textbooks in the Malay States, see Straits Settlements Annual Report on Education, 1899 (by R./ . Wilkinson),
§ 13; also the Isemonger Report, 1894 (at p. 22 of F.H.K. Wong & Gwee Yee Hean, Official Reports on Education in the StraIts
Settlements and Federated Malay States 1870-1939, Pan Pacific, Singapore, 1980.)

7

*llmu peladang 25 3 not known 7892
*llmu kira-kira 35 3 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7898
*lImu kira-kira Tuan Hall 45 6 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7893
*Peraturan bermain bola sepak futbul 25 1 Haji Muhammad Siraj 7895
Pemimpin Johor (kamus) 45 2 Haji Muhammad Amin 7895
Punca pengetahuan, kitab sekolah nombor 1 10 Thomas Trusty 7892
*Pohon pelajaran, kitab sekolah nombor 2 25 3 Singapore Gov't Press 7893
*Kamus al-Mahmudiah 75 10 Singapore Gov't Press 7894
Kamus Arab Melayu dan Bugis 75 5 Haji Abdul Karim 7893
*Kejadian selerah anggota manusia 25 3 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7897

Hi kayat-hikayat

Abu Sammah 10 Haji Muhammad Taib 7897
*Acara manusia atau Penerugi akal $3.50 10 E.j. Brill, Leiden 7897
Ahmad dan Muhammad 15 2 Haji Hasan 7892
Alf laila wa laila 1001 r:nalam, 5 jilid $2.50 15 Thomas Trusty 7894
Amir Hamzah $3.50 25 Haji Muhammad Taib 7889

Indera Bangsawan 15 2 Haji Muhammad Taib 7892
Bakhtiar 25 4 Haji Muhammad Siraj 7888
Badr al-Basim 25 3 Haji Muhammad Amin 7896
Bustamam $4.00 20 Haji Putih, Penang 7895
*Taman Melayu atau Berbagai-bagai hikayat, 2 jilid $3.00 15 ?

Tengkorak kering 12 1 Haji Muhammad Said 7896

*Jahidin 25 5 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7888
*Ceritera Tanah-tanah Melayu 35 4 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7892
Cendawan putih 30 3 Haji Muhammad Taib 7894
Derma Tasiah dan Abu Nawas 15 2 Haji Muhammad Taib 7898
*Dunia dan ilmu jioghrafi 50 5 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7894

{column 2j

Raja Budak 15 2 Haji Abdul Karim 7897
Raja Handak 15 2 Haji Muhammad Taib 7889
Raja Sulaiman 10 I Haji Muhammad Siraj later edition 7902j
*Sejarah Melayu $2.50 10 American Mission Press 7896
Semaun perang Abu Jahal 15 2 Haji Muhammad Amin 7892
Si Miskin Marakarmah 50 4 Thomas Trusty 7894
Syah Mardan 40 3 Haji Muhammad Taib 7897
*Abdullah munsyi, 2 jilid $1.00 20 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7897
*Ala'uddin (memakai gambar-gambar) 40 3 Haji Muhammad Siraj 7890
*lImu kejadian, Ilmu bintang, 2 jilid 60 8 not known 7887
Gholam 50 6 Haji Abdul Karim 7894
*Perang Jerman dan Perancis $1.00 6 Of is Cap Kerajaan Lingga 7888
Pegar Madhi, jilid yang pertama 40 6 r Haji Muhammad Said 2nd edition 7903/
*Pelayaran Abdullah 50 5 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7897
*Gul Bakawali 50 4 Makhdum Sahib 7893
*Galila Damina 50 5 Inspector of Schools, 5.5. 7897
Ganja Mara $3.00 20 Haji Putih, Penang 7897
*Lima temenggung 40 3 Neth. Indies Gov't Press, Batavia 7898
Muhammad Hanafiah perang Yazid 50 6 Haji Muhammad Amin 7896
Malik Saif al-Yazan, 2 jilid $1.00 8 Haji Muhammad Amin 7894
Nabi mikraj 10 no publisher given n.d.
*Nabi Yusuf 10 Neth. Indies Go~,'t Press, Batavia 7877
Nakhoda Muda 50 4 Haji Muhammad Siraj 7897

8

Syair

Iblis syaitan 5 1 Ha}i Muhammad Said 7888
Indera Sebaha (memakai gambar-gambar) 40 3 Ha}i Muhammad Sira} 1896
Anak raja ditelan ;erung 7 Ibrahim 7887
Air mawar 5 1 Haji Muhammad Hasan 7897
Ikan terubuk 5 1 Haji Muhammad Said 7887
Badiat al-zaman 20 2 Haji Muhammad Amin n.d.
Burung unggas bersoal-jawab 7 Haji Muhammad Siraj 7887
Burung pungguk 5 Haji Muhammad Said 7891
Burung nuri 10 Haji Abdul Karim n.d.
Bah Singapura 3 Haji Muhammad Siraj 7897
Bidasari 20 2 Haji Muhammad Sidik 1892
Taj al-muluk 15 2 Haji Muhammad Said 1898

{column 3J

Takbir mimpi 5 no publisher given 7893
Tuan Ulama 10 1 Ha}i Muhammad Said 1890
Juragan budiman Johar Manikam 15 3 Haji Sulaiman 1894
Jubilee Melaka 5 1 Haji Muhammad Siraj 7897
Johan Maligan 20 3 Haji Muhammad Taib 7898
Cinta berahi 5 1 Haji Abdul Karim 1891
Haris Fadhillah Siti Dhawiah 15 2 Haji Muhammad Said 1890
Dagang piatu 5 Haji Muhammad Taib 1889
Dandan Setia $1 .20 12 Haji Muhammad Said 1894
Dewa Syahdan 20 3 Haji Muhammad Sidik 7889
Raja Madhi 25 4 Ha}i Muhammad Taib 1891
Rejang 7 Ha}i Muhammad Said 1893
Siti Arbah 15 2 Haji Muhammad Said 1897
Siti Zubaidah perang Cina 50 6 Haji Muhammad Taib 7898
Seri Banian Sclindang Delima 15 2 Haji Muhammad Hussain 1892
Sultan Mansur 25 4 Haji Muhammad Amin 1897
Saudagar bodoh 10 no publisher given 7880
Surat al-kiamat 10 1 Ha}i Muhammad Tahir 1891
Sungging 20 2 Haji Muhammad Taib 1892
*Suluh pegawai 25 1 Gov 't Press, Lingga 7891
Silambari Sinyor 10 1 Haji Muhammad Taib 1889
Sinar alam 35 4 Ha}i Muhammad Amin 7895
Syariat tarikat dan hakikat 7 1 no publisher given 1881
Syams al-Alam, 3 jilid $1.20 9 Ha}i Muhammad Taib 7894
Syams Bahrun 40 5 Ha}i Muhammad Said 7891
Sifat duapuluh 5 1 no publisher given 1892
Ibarat manikam pari 7 . Haji Muhammad Said 1893
Abdul Muluk Siti Rufiah [=Rafiah I 25 3 Haji Muhammad Amin 1894
Ajib wa Gharib, jilid yang pertama 30 3 Ha}i Muhammad Amin 7894
Ardan 50 6 Haji Muhammad Said 7891
Ala'uddin 20 2 Haji Muhammad Said 7890
Puteri Akil 10 Ha}i Muhammad Said 1896
Perang Aceh 5 Haji Muhammad Said 1892
Perang Setambul Turki dengan Rusia 5 1 Ha}i Muhammad Said 1892
Perang Zaitun 30 3 Ha}i Muhammad Amin 7893
Pengantin Juragan Awai 10 Ha}i Muhammad Said 1887
Pelanduk jenaka 10 Haji Abdul Karim 7897
Pantun seloka 5 Ibrahim 1892

9

{column 4/

Panji Semirang
Kahar Masyhur
Kumbang cumbuan
*Kampung Boyan terbakar
Ken Tabuhan
Lampung karam
Makrifat ai-Islam
Mekah Medina
Mayat
Nasihat bapa kepada anak
Nur Muhammad dan Maulud Nabi
Hirmaya
Yatim Mustafa

Kitab-kitab Melayu huruf Inggeris

Kitab Pelajaran
Hikayat duabelas cerita
Hikayat Robinson Crusoe

45
20
10
10
20
10

7
10
8
8
8

30
15

20
35
50

5
3

3
1

1
3
2

2
3
4

Surat-surat khabar harga setahun

Ringgit sen

(Melayu huruf Arab)
Wajah Silung, 14 hari sekali
Warta Kerajaan Perak, sebulan sekali

(Melayu huruf Belanda)
Bintang Betawi, tiap-tiap hari
Perca Barat, seminggu dua kali
Pemberita Betawi, tiap-tiap hari
Pewarta bumi, 14 hari sekali
Matahari terbit, sebulan sekali

(Arab betul)
AI-Mawa'id, tiap-tiap hari
AI-Fallah, seminggu dua kali

$2.00
$2.50

$14.00
$9.00

$11.00
$4.50
$3.50

$22.00
$17.00

AI-Ra'id al-Misri, seminggu dua kali $13.00
AI-Mahrusah, seminggu sekali $11.00
AI-'Adl, seminggu sekali $7.00
AI-Ma'lumat bergambar·gambar, seminggu sekali $13.50
AI·Firdaus, sebulan sekali $5.00

[ini harga surat khabar dcngan setem posnya]

Ha)i Muhammad Sira)
Ha)i Muhammad Sidik
Ha)i Abdul Karim
staff of jawi Peranakkan
Haji Muhammad Said
Haji Muhammad Taib
?
Ha)i Muhammad Sadik
Haji Muhammad Said
Ha)i Muhammad Said
Ha)i Muhammad Taib
Ha)i Muhammad Sira)
Haji Muhammad Amin

1888
1891
1891
1883
1890
1888

1889
1890

1890,1900
1889
1893
1895

Singapore Gov't Press 1886
Neth. Indies Gov't Press, Batavia 1889
Neth. Indies Gov't Press, Batavia 1891

Calumba, ±1896
Taiping, 7897+

Batavia, 7894-7906
Padang, 7893-7979
Botavia, 1884-1976
Amsterdam 1892-1899; 7907-1923
?

Cairo, 1892+

Alexandria, 1886+; Cairo 1888+

Cairo, 1896+
Alexandria 1877+; Cairo, 1880+
Cairo, 7895+
Cairo
? Cairo, 1889+

Tiap-tiap kitab yang bertanda demikian (*) iaitu dicap dengan huruf timah dan yang tiada itu dicap di atas batu .

10