meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
Strict separation of powers did not operate in The United Kingdom, the political structure of which served in most instances[citation needed] as a model for the government created by the U.S. Constitution.[citation needed] Under the UK Westminster system, based on parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government, Parliament (consisting of the Sovereign (King-in-Parliament), House of Lords and House of Commons) was the supreme lawmaking authority. The executive branch acted in the name of the King ("His Majesty's Government"), as did the judiciary. The King's Ministers were in most cases members of one of the two Houses of Parliament, and the Government needed to sustain the support of a majority in the House of Commons. One minister, the Lord Chancellor, was at the same time the sole judge in the Court of Chancery and the presiding officer in the House of Lords. Therefore, it may be seen that the three branches of British government often violated the strict principle of separation of powers, even though there were many occasions when the different branches of the government disagreed with each other. Some U.S. states did not observe a strict separation of powers in the 18th century. In New Jersey, the Governor also functioned as a member of the state's highest court and as the presiding officer of one house of the New Jersey Legislature. The President of Delaware was a member of the Court of Appeals; the presiding officers of the two houses of the state legislature also served in the executive department as Vice Presidents. In both Delaware and Pennsylvania, members of the executive council served at the same time as judges. On the other hand, many southern states explicitly required separation of powers. Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia all kept the branches of government "separate and distinct."

Question: What country's government, on which the US government was modeled, did not formally implement separation of powers?
Answer: UK

Question: What were the two main principles informing the government of the UK?
Answer: parliamentary sovereignty and responsible government

Question: What term describes the status of the different branches of government in Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina and Georgia?
Answer: separate and distinct

Question: What country's government served as a model for the United States Government?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: In the 18th century what function, besides President, did the Delaware President serve? 
Answer: a member of the Court of Appeals
The president, as noted above, appoints judges with the Senate's advice and consent. He also has the power to issue pardons and reprieves. Such pardons are not subject to confirmation by either the House of Representatives or the Senate, or even to acceptance by the recipient.

Question: Who has the power to issue a pardon?
Answer: The president

Question: Who has the power to issue a reprieve? 
Answer: The president
Johnson's impeachment was perceived to have done great damage to the presidency, which came to be almost subordinate to Congress. Some believed that the president would become a mere figurehead, with the Speaker of the House of Representatives becoming a de facto Prime Minister. Grover Cleveland, the first Democratic President following Johnson, attempted to restore the power of his office. During his first term, he vetoed over four hundred bills—twice as many bills as his twenty-one predecessors combined. He also began to suspend bureaucrats who were appointed as a result of the patronage system, replacing them with more "deserving" individuals. The Senate, however, refused to confirm many new nominations, instead demanding that Cleveland turn over the confidential records relating to the suspensions. Cleveland steadfastly refused, asserting, "These suspensions are my executive acts ... I am not responsible to the Senate, and I am unwilling to submit my actions to them for judgment." Cleveland's popular support forced the Senate to back down and confirm the nominees. Furthermore, Congress finally repealed the controversial Tenure of Office Act that had been passed during the Johnson Administration. Overall, this meant that Cleveland's Administration marked the end of presidential subordination.

Question: Who was the first president to veto over 400 bills?
Answer: Grover Cleveland

Question: Under which President was the Tenure of Office Act repealed? 
Answer: Grover Cleveland
The earliest surviving written work on the subject of architecture is De architectura, by the Roman architect Vitruvius in the early 1st century AD. According to Vitruvius, a good building should satisfy the three principles of firmitas, utilitas, venustas, commonly known by the original translation – firmness, commodity and delight. An equivalent in modern English would be:

Question: What is the oldest architecture plans that has survived?
Answer: De architectura

Question: Who created the oldest surviving architecture plans?
Answer: Roman architect Vitruvius

Question: When did Vitruvius create these plans?
Answer: 1st century AD.

Question: What are the three principles every plan should consider?
Answer: firmness, commodity and delight.

Question: What is the first known extant writing about architecture called?
Answer: De architectura

Question: Who was the author of  De architectura?
Answer: Vitruvius

Question: What was Vitruvius' profession?
Answer: architect

Question: What were Vitruvius' three principles for a well made building?
Answer: firmitas, utilitas, venustas

Question: What is the commonly seen English translation of the three principles?
Answer: firmness, commodity and delight
The 19th-century English art critic, John Ruskin, in his Seven Lamps of Architecture, published 1849, was much narrower in his view of what constituted architecture. Architecture was the "art which so disposes and adorns the edifices raised by men ... that the sight of them" contributes "to his mental health, power, and pleasure".

Question: Who wrote Seven Lamps of Architecture?
Answer: John Ruskin

Question: Who was the author of Seven Lamps of Architecture?
Answer: John Ruskin

Question: What was Ruskin's career? 
Answer: art critic

Question: When was  Seven Lamps of Architecture published?
Answer: 1849

Question: What, according to Ruskin, should looking at architecture contribute to its viewer?
Answer: to his mental health, power, and pleasure
On the difference between the ideals of architecture and mere construction, the renowned 20th-century architect Le Corbusier wrote: "You employ stone, wood, and concrete, and with these materials you build houses and palaces: that is construction. Ingenuity is at work. But suddenly you touch my heart, you do me good. I am happy and I say: This is beautiful. That is Architecture".

Question: What century was the architect Le Corbusier in?
Answer: 20th-century

Question: Who wrote on the topic of architectural ideals contrasted with simple construction? 
Answer: Le Corbusier

Question: What was Le Corbusier 's profession?
Answer: Architect

Question: When did Le Corbusier live and write?
Answer: 20th-century

Question: What part of him did Le Corbusier say proper architecture touched?
Answer: heart

Question: What state of emotion did Le Corbusier say architecture put him in?
Answer: I am happy
In the late 20th century a new concept was added to those included in the compass of both structure and function, the consideration of sustainability, hence sustainable architecture. To satisfy the contemporary ethos a building should be constructed in a manner which is environmentally friendly in terms of the production of its materials, its impact upon the natural and built environment of its surrounding area and the demands that it makes upon non-sustainable power sources for heating, cooling, water and waste management and lighting.

Question: When was the conecept, Sustainable architecture used?
Answer: late 20th century

Question: What novel concept was introduced at the end of the 20th century?
Answer: sustainability

Question: To what should a building be friendly?
Answer: environment

Question: What sort of power sources should a building not overuse if the building is to be considered environmentally friendly?
Answer: non-sustainable power sources
Architecture has to do with planning and designing form, space and ambience to reflect functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic considerations. It requires the creative manipulation and coordination of materials and technology, and of light and shadow. Often, conflicting requirements must be resolved. The practice of Architecture also encompasses the pragmatic aspects of realizing buildings and structures, including scheduling, cost estimation and construction administration. Documentation produced by architects, typically drawings, plans and technical specifications, defines the structure and/or behavior of a building or other kind of system that is to be or has been constructed.

Question: What sort of considerations does architectural design take into account? 
Answer: functional, technical, social, environmental and aesthetic

Question: In architecture what aspects are planned and designed?
Answer: form, space and ambience

Question: Aside from planning and design what other types of aspects does architecture involve?
Answer: pragmatic aspects
Around the beginning of the 20th century, a general dissatisfaction with the emphasis on revivalist architecture and elaborate decoration gave rise to many new lines of thought that served as precursors to Modern Architecture. Notable among these is the Deutscher Werkbund, formed in 1907 to produce better quality machine made objects. The rise of the profession of industrial design is usually placed here. Following this lead, the Bauhaus school, founded in Weimar, Germany in 1919, redefined the architectural bounds prior set throughout history, viewing the creation of a building as the ultimate synthesis—the apex—of art, craft, and technology.

Question: At what century's start did revivalist fall into disfavor? 
Answer: 20th

Question: What new type of architecture was starting to come into being at this time?
Answer: Modern Architecture

Question: When did the Deutscher Werkbund get its start?
Answer: 1907

Question: What was the point of the Deutscher Werkbund?
Answer: to produce better quality machine made objects

Question: In 1919 what school opened in Weimar, Germany?
Answer: the Bauhaus school
Since the 1980s, as the complexity of buildings began to increase (in terms of structural systems, services, energy and technologies), the field of architecture became multi-disciplinary with specializations for each project type, technological expertise or project delivery methods. In addition, there has been an increased separation of the 'design' architect [Notes 1] from the 'project' architect who ensures that the project meets the required standards and deals with matters of liability.[Notes 2] The preparatory processes for the design of any large building have become increasingly complicated, and require preliminary studies of such matters as durability, sustainability, quality, money, and compliance with local laws. A large structure can no longer be the design of one person but must be the work of many. Modernism and Postmodernism have been criticised by some members of the architectural profession who feel that successful architecture is not a personal, philosophical, or aesthetic pursuit by individualists; rather it has to consider everyday needs of people and use technology to create liveable environments, with the design process being informed by studies of behavioral, environmental, and social sciences.

Question: About when did architecture begin specializing?
Answer: Since the 1980s

Question: Who can no longer design a large structure?
Answer: one person

Question: What two architectural movements have come under criticism for their focus on individuality? 
Answer: Modernism and Postmodernism
The Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) is a "measure of the average level of human development of people in a society once inequality is taken into account."

Question: What does the IHDI specifically take into account?
Answer: Inequality

Question: Does the IHDI measure the "average" or the "potential" level of human development? 
Answer: the average level
On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study.

Question: If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?
Answer: red arrows

Question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present?
Answer: green arrows

Question: If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present?
Answer: Blue dash
After a series of test transmissions and special broadcasts that began in August, regular BBC television broadcasts officially resumed on 1 October 1936, from a converted wing of Alexandra Palace in London, which housed two studios, various scenery stores, make-up areas, dressing rooms, offices, and the transmitter itself, now broadcasting on the VHF band. BBC television initially used two systems, on alternate weeks: the 240-line Baird intermediate film system and the 405-line Marconi-EMI system, each making the BBC the world's first regular high-definition television service, broadcasting Monday to Saturday from 15:00 to 16:00 and 21:00 to 22:00.

Question: Where did the BBC continue broadcasting from in October of 1936?
Answer: Alexandra Palace

Question: What frequency band was used by the BBC starting in 1936?
Answer: VHF

Question: How many lines did the Baird transmission contain?
Answer: 240

Question: How many lines did the Marconi-EMI transmission contain?
Answer: 405

Question: On what days did the BBC provide regular broadcasts?
Answer: Monday to Saturday
BBC Television returned on 7 June 1946 at 15:00. Jasmine Bligh, one of the original announcers, made the first announcement, saying, 'Good afternoon everybody. How are you? Do you remember me, Jasmine Bligh?'. The Mickey Mouse cartoon of 1939 was repeated twenty minutes later.[unreliable source?] Alexandra Palace was the home base of the channel until the early 1950s when the majority of production moved into the newly acquired Lime Grove Studios.[original research?]

Question: Who was the first person to speak on BBC when it was turned back on following World War II?
Answer: Jasmine Bligh

Question: On what date did BBC return to the air after World War II?
Answer: 7 June 1946

Question: In the decade following the war, where did a large portion of the BBC move to?
Answer: Lime Grove Studios

Question: What character was featured in the cartoon aired the day BBC broadcasting was restored?
Answer: Mickey Mouse
Postwar broadcast coverage was extended to Birmingham in 1949 with the opening of the Sutton Coldfield transmitting station, and by the mid-1950s most of the country was covered, transmitting a 405-line interlaced image on VHF.[original research?]

Question: What city received BBC signals starting in 1949?
Answer: Birmingham

Question: Which facility brought the BBC's transmissions to Birmingham?
Answer: Sutton Coldfield transmitting station

Question: What kind of image was broadcasted by the BBC by the mid-'50s?
Answer: 405-line interlaced image

Question: On what frequency band was the BBC broadcasting in thie 1950s?
Answer: VHF
In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and his later heart problems. As the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court. In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with The Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health.

Question: What German doctor was sued by Schwarzenegger?
Answer: Dr. Willi Heepe

Question: How much did the court award Schwarzenegger in the case against Heepe?
Answer: $10,000

Question: Which U.S. tabloid settled out of court with Schwarzenegger in 1999?
Answer: The Globe
Schwarzenegger wanted to move from bodybuilding into acting, finally achieving it when he was chosen to play the role of Hercules in 1970's Hercules in New York. Credited under the name "Arnold Strong," his accent in the film was so thick that his lines were dubbed after production. His second film appearance was as a deaf mute hit-man for the mob in director Robert Altman's The Long Goodbye (1973), which was followed by a much more significant part in the film Stay Hungry (1976), for which he was awarded a Golden Globe for New Male Star of the Year. Schwarzenegger has discussed his early struggles in developing his acting career. "It was very difficult for me in the beginning – I was told by agents and casting people that my body was 'too weird', that I had a funny accent, and that my name was too long. You name it, and they told me I had to change it. Basically, everywhere I turned, I was told that I had no chance."

Question: What was Schwarzenegger's first film role?
Answer: Hercules

Question: What last name was Schwarzenegger going by when he starred in Hercules in New York?  
Answer: Strong

Question: In 1973, who directed Schwarzenegger as a hit-man in The Long Goodbye?
Answer: Robert Altman

Question: Schwarzenegger's role in Stay Hungry led to a Golden Globe win in what category?
Answer: New Male Star of the Year

Question: What adjective did Schwarzenegger say agents used to describe his body?
Answer: weird
Schwarzenegger signed another executive order on October 17, 2006 allowing California to work with the Northeast's Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative. They plan to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by issuing a limited amount of carbon credits to each power plant in participating states. Any power plants that exceed emissions for the amount of carbon credits will have to purchase more credits to cover the difference. The plan took effect in 2009. In addition to using his political power to fight global warming, the governor has taken steps at his home to reduce his personal carbon footprint. Schwarzenegger has adapted one of his Hummers to run on hydrogen and another to run on biofuels. He has also installed solar panels to heat his home.

Question: What region of the U.S. has California partnered with on the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative?
Answer: the Northeast

Question: What green technology did Schwarzenegger have installed at home to reduce his carbon footprint? 
Answer: solar panels

Question: What year did the Greenhouse Gas Initiative go into effect?
Answer: 2009

Question: What particular pollutant was Schwarzenegger addressing with his 2006 executive order?
Answer: carbon dioxide emissions
The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought 1992 are so large – each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide – that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about US$21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost. California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004.

Question: How many pounds does one of Schwarzenegger's Hummers weigh?
Answer: 6,300

Question: How much did Schwarzenegger spend to convert a Hummer to run on hydrogen?
Answer: $21,000

Question: What did Schwarzenegger name his plan to build hydrogen refueling stations throughout California?
Answer: California Hydrogen Highway Network

Question: What governmental department contributed a grant to Schwarzenegger's hydrogen fuel project?
Answer: U.S. Department of Energy
Along with the rest of South West England, Plymouth has a temperate oceanic climate (Köppen Cfb) which is generally wetter and milder than the rest of England. This means a wide range of exotic plants can be grown. The annual mean temperature is approximately 11 °C (52 °F). Due to the modifying effect of the sea the seasonal range is less than in most other parts of the UK. As a result of this summer highs are lower than its southerly latitude should warrant, but as a contrast the coldest month of February has mean minimum temperatures as mild as between 3 and 4 °C (37 and 39 °F). Snow is rare, not usually equating to more than a few flakes, but there have been exclusions, namely the European winter storms of 2009-10 which, in early January, covered Plymouth in at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) of snow; more on higher ground. Another period of notable snow occurred from 17–19 December 2010 when up to 8 inches (20 cm) of snow fell through the period – though only 2 inches (5.1 cm) would lie at any one time due to melt. Over the 1961–1990 period, annual snowfall accumulation averaged less than 7 cm (3 in) per year. July and August are the warmest months with mean daily maxima over 19 °C (66 °F).

Question: What Köppen climate classification does Plymouth possess?
Answer: temperate oceanic

Question: In degrees Fahrenheit, what is Plymouth's annual mean temperature?
Answer: 52

Question: What month in Plymouth has the lowest temperatures?
Answer: February

Question: Up to how many centimeters of snow fell on Plymouth between 17 and 19 December 2010?
Answer: 20

Question: Along with August, what is typically the hottest month in Plymouth?
Answer: July
58.1% of the population described themselves in the 2011 census return as being at least nominally Christian and 0.8% as Muslim with all other religions represented by less than 0.5% each. The portion of people without a religion is 32.9%; above the national average of 24.7%. 7.1% did not state their religious belief. Since the 2001 Census, the number of Christians and Jews has decreased (-16% and -7% respectively), while all other religions have increased and non-religious people have almost doubled in number.

Question: What percentage of Plymouth's population call themselves Christian?
Answer: 58.1%

Question: What percentage of Plymouth residents follow Islam?
Answer: 0.8%

Question: What percentage of Plymouth consists of non-religious people?
Answer: 32.9%

Question: What percentage of people in the United Kingdom describe themselves as non-religious?
Answer: 24.7%

Question: What was the percentage decline in Jewish residents of Plymouth between 2001 and 2011?
Answer: 7%
Built in 1815, Union Street was at the heart of Plymouth's historical culture. It became known as the servicemen's playground, as it was where sailors from the Royal Navy would seek entertainment of all kinds. During the 1930s, there were 30 pubs and it attracted such performers as Charlie Chaplin to the New Palace Theatre. It is now the late-night hub of Plymouth's entertainment strip, but has a reputation for trouble at closing hours.

Question: In what year was Union Street constructed?
Answer: 1815

Question: Who performed at the New Palace Theatre in the 1930s?
Answer: Charlie Chaplin

Question: How many pubs existed on Union Street in the 1930s?
Answer: 30s

Question: What group famously enjoyed themselves on Union Street?
Answer: sailors from the Royal Navy
On the northern outskirts of the city, Crownhill Fort is a well restored example of a "Palmerston's Folly". It is owned by the Landmark Trust and is open to the public.

Question: What structure was referred to as a "Palmerston's Folly"?
Answer: Crownhill Fort

Question: In what cardinal direction is Crownhill Fort located outside the city?
Answer: north

Question: Who runs Crownhill Fort?
Answer: the Landmark Trust
While the Warsaw Pact was established as a balance of power or counterweight to NATO, there was no direct confrontation between them. Instead, the conflict was fought on an ideological basis. Both NATO and the Warsaw Pact led to the expansion of military forces and their integration into the respective blocs. The Warsaw Pact's largest military engagement was Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia (with the participation of all Pact nations except Romania and Albania). The Pact failed to function when the Revolutions of 1989 spread through Eastern Europe, beginning with the Solidarity movement in Poland and its success in June 1989.

Question: Which organization was in direct competition with the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: NATO

Question: Which nation saw the most significant Warsaw Pact military deployment? 
Answer: Czechoslovakia

Question: What was the name of the Polish revolutionary movement which the Warsaw Pact failed to suppress?
Answer: Solidarity

Question: Which country saw the largest Warsaw Pact deployment? 
Answer: Czechoslovakia

Question: In which year did the Warsaw Pact cease to function effectively? 
Answer: 1989

Question: What was the name of the Polish labor movement which successfully defied the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: Solidarity
On 25 February 1991, the Pact was declared at an end at a meeting of defense and foreign ministers from the remaining member states meeting in Hungary. On 1 July 1991, the Czechoslovak President Václav Havel formally declared an end to the Warsaw Treaty Organization of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance which had been established in 1955. The USSR itself was dissolved in December 1991.

Question: In which country did the Warsaw Pact dissolution meeting take place?
Answer: Hungary

Question: Who was the president of Czechoslovakia during the dissolution of the Warsaw Pact? 
Answer: Václav Havel
The strategy behind the formation of the Warsaw Pact was driven by the desire of the Soviet Union to dominate Central and Eastern Europe. This policy was driven by ideological and geostrategic reasons. Ideologically, the Soviet Union arrogated the right to define socialism and communism and act as the leader of the global socialist movement. A corollary to this idea was the necessity of intervention if a country appeared to be violating core socialist ideas and Communist Party functions, which was explicitly stated in the Brezhnev Doctrine. Geostrategic principles also drove the Soviet Union to prevent invasion of its territory by Western European powers.

Question: Which ideologies did the Soviet Union aspire to lead around the globe?
Answer: socialism and communism

Question: Which Soviet leader formed doctrine aimed at keeping socialist satellite nations in line?
Answer: Brezhnev

Question: The Soviet Union feared invasion from which potential enemy?
Answer: Western Europe
In July 1963 the Mongolian People's Republic asked to join the Warsaw Pact under Article 9 of the treaty. For this purpose a special protocol should have been taken since the text of the treaty applied only to Europe. Due to the emerging Sino-Soviet split, Mongolia remained on observer status. Soviet stationing troops were agreed to stay in Mongolia from 1966.

Question: In which year did Mongolia seek entry in the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: 1963

Question: In which year were Soviet forces scheduled to leave Mongolia? 
Answer: 1966
On 12 March 1999, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland joined NATO; Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Romania, and Slovakia joined in March 2004; Albania joined on 1 April 2009.

Question: Which former Eastern Bloc country was the latest to join NATO?
Answer: Albania

Question: In which year did Poland join NATO?
Answer: 1999

Question: In which year did Slovakia join NATO? 
Answer: 2004
In 1953, Korolev was given the go-ahead to develop the R-7 Semyorka rocket, which represented a major advance from the German design. Although some of its components (notably boosters) still resembled the German G-4, the new rocket incorporated staged design, a completely new control system, and a new fuel. It was successfully tested on August 21, 1957 and became the world's first fully operational ICBM the following month. It would later be used to launch the first satellite into space, and derivatives would launch all piloted Soviet spacecraft.

Question: Who began developing the  R-7 Semyorka rocket?
Answer: Korolev

Question:  R-7 Semyorka rocket resembled closely to what other missile?
Answer: German G-4

Question: When was the R-7 Semyorka rocket tested successfully?
Answer: August 21, 1957

Question: The first satellite launched into space used what rocket?
Answer: R-7 Semyorka rocket
The Soviet success caused public controversy in the United States, and Eisenhower ordered the civilian rocket and satellite project, Vanguard, to move up its timetable and launch its satellite much sooner than originally planned. The December 6, 1957 Project Vanguard launch failure occurred at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Florida, broadcast live in front of a US television audience. It was a monumental failure, exploding a few seconds after launch, and it became an international joke. The satellite appeared in newspapers under the names Flopnik, Stayputnik, Kaputnik, and Dudnik. In the United Nations, the Russian delegate offered the U.S. representative aid "under the Soviet program of technical assistance to backwards nations." Only in the wake of this very public failure did von Braun's Redstone team get the go-ahead to launch their Jupiter-C rocket as soon as they could. In Britain, the USA's Western Cold War ally, the reaction was mixed: some members of the population celebrated the fact that the Soviets had reached space first, while others feared the destructive potential that military uses of spacecraft might bring.

Question: The civilian rocket and satellite project in the US was called what?
Answer: Vanguard

Question: Project Vanguard launch failed on what date?
Answer: December 6, 195

Question: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station is located in what state?
Answer: Florida

Question: in response to Project Vanguard's failed launch, what was the rocket the Soviet Union launched?
Answer: Jupiter-C rocket
In 1958, Korolev upgraded the R-7 to be able to launch a 400-kilogram (880 lb) payload to the Moon. Three secret 1958 attempts to launch Luna E-1-class impactor probes failed. The fourth attempt, Luna 1, launched successfully on January 2, 1959, but missed the Moon. The fifth attempt on June 18 also failed at launch. The 390-kilogram (860 lb) Luna 2 successfully impacted the Moon on September 14, 1959. The 278.5-kilogram (614 lb) Luna 3 successfully flew by the Moon and sent back pictures of its far side on October 6, 1959.

Question: How many attempts to the Moon did Luna E-1-class probes fail before successfully launching?
Answer: 4

Question: The first probe to land on the Moon was in what year?
Answer: 1959

Question: Which Luna probe successfully photographed the back side of the Moon?
Answer: Luna 3
Focused by the commitment to a Moon landing, in January 1962 the US announced Project Gemini, a two-man spacecraft that would support the later three-man Apollo by developing the key spaceflight technologies of space rendezvous and docking of two craft, flight durations of sufficient length to simulate going to the Moon and back, and extra-vehicular activity to accomplish useful work outside the spacecraft.

Question: What year was the Gemini project confirmed?
Answer: 1962

Question: How many people could the Gemini project carry?
Answer: 2
The history of pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the modern tied house system in the 19th century.

Question: How far back does the history of pubs go back?
Answer: to Roman taverns

Question: What was the Anglo-Saxon pup called? 
Answer: alehouse

Question: What is a pub tied to in the 19th century?
Answer: the modern tied house system

Question: What Roman businesses were analogous to modern day pubs?
Answer: taverns

Question: What similar establishments existed in the Anglo-Saxon world?
Answer: alehouse

Question: In what century did the tied house system develop?
Answer: 19th century
Until the 1970s most of the larger pubs also featured an off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption. In the 1970s the newly built supermarkets and high street chain stores or off-licences undercut the pub prices to such a degree that within ten years all but a handful of pubs had closed their off-sale counters, which had often been referred to colloquially as the jug and bottle.

Question: What was the off-sales counter or attached shop for the sales of beers, wines and spirits for home consumption often referred to as? 
Answer: jug and bottle

Question: In what decade did pubs tend to cease selling alcohol for off-premises drinking?
Answer: 1970s

Question: What was the name of the counter where pubs traditionally sold alcohol to drink at home?
Answer: off-sales counter

Question: What was a colloquial term for the off-sales counter?
Answer: the jug and bottle

Question: Along with high street chain stores and off-licenses, what stores undercut pub alcohol sales in the 1970s?
Answer: supermarkets
The drunkenness and lawlessness created by gin was seen to lead to ruination and degradation of the working classes. The distinction[clarification needed] was illustrated by William Hogarth in his engravings Beer Street and Gin Lane. The Gin Act 1736 imposed high taxes on retailers and led to riots in the streets. The prohibitive duty was gradually reduced and finally abolished in 1742. The Gin Act 1751 however was more successful. It forced distillers to sell only to licensed retailers and brought gin shops under the jurisdiction of local magistrates.

Question: What artist created the engraving Beer Street and Gin Lane?
Answer: William Hogarth

Question: What law imposed a high tax on gin shops and resulted in riots?
Answer: The Gin Act 1736

Question: When were the Gin Act 1736 duties eliminated? 
Answer: 1742

Question: What law placed gin shops under the control of local magistrates?
Answer: The Gin Act 1751
From the mid-19th century on the opening hours of licensed premises in the UK were restricted. However licensing was gradually liberalised after the 1960s, until contested licensing applications became very rare, and the remaining administrative function was transferred to Local Authorities in 2005.

Question: In what century were the operating hours of drinking establishments first limited?
Answer: 19th

Question: In what decade were the restrictions on public drinking establishment licenses loosened?
Answer: 1960s

Question: What bodies controlled drinking establishment licensing administration as of 2005?
Answer: Local Authorities
Later, the public bars gradually improved until sometimes almost the only difference was in the prices, so that customers could choose between economy and exclusivity (or youth and age, or a jukebox or dartboard).[citation needed] With the blurring of class divisions in the 1960s and 1970s,[citation needed] the distinction between the saloon and the public bar was often seen as archaic,[citation needed] and was frequently abolished, usually by the removal of the dividing wall or partition.[citation needed] While the names of saloon and public bar may still be seen on the doors of pubs, the prices (and often the standard of furnishings and decoration) are the same throughout the premises, and many pubs now comprise one large room. However the modern importance of dining in pubs encourages some establishments to maintain distinct rooms or areas.

Question: In what decades did class distinctions break down in Britain?
Answer: the 1960s and 1970s

Question: What was a common way of removing the division between the saloon and bar?
Answer: removal of the dividing wall or partition
The first beer pump known in England is believed to have been invented by John Lofting (b. Netherlands 1659-d. Great Marlow Buckinghamshire 1742) an inventor, manufacturer and merchant of London.

Question: Who invented the beer pump in England?
Answer: John Lofting

Question: In what city was the beer pump invented?
Answer: London

Question: In what country was John Lofting born?
Answer: Netherlands

Question: What was the death year of John Lofting?
Answer: 1742

Question: When was John Lofting born?
Answer: 1659
Pubs often have traditional names. A common name is the "Marquis of Granby". These pubs were named after John Manners, Marquess of Granby, who was the son of John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland and a general in the 18th century British Army. He showed a great concern for the welfare of his men, and on their retirement, provided funds for many of them to establish taverns, which were subsequently named after him. All pubs granted their licence in 1780 were called the Royal George[citation needed], after King George III, and the twentieth anniversary of his coronation.

Question: After whom was the Marquis of Granby pub named?
Answer: John Manners, Marquess of Granby

Question: Who was the father of John Manners, Marquess of Granby?
Answer: John Manners, 3rd Duke of Rutland

Question: What was the military rank of the 3rd Duke of Rutland?
Answer: general

Question: In what century did the 3rd Duke of Rutland live?
Answer: 18th

Question: What were pubs licensed in 1780 named?
Answer: the Royal George
Linda Woodhead attempts to provide a common belief thread for Christians by noting that "Whatever else they might disagree about, Christians are at least united in believing that Jesus has a unique significance." Philosopher Michael Martin, in his book The Case Against Christianity, evaluated three historical Christian creeds (the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed) to establish a set of basic assumptions which include belief in theism, the historicity of Jesus, the Incarnation, salvation through faith in Jesus, and Jesus as an ethical role model.

Question: Who states that Christian believers agree that Jesus has a unique significance? 
Answer: Linda Woodhead

Question: Who wrote The Case Against Christianity?
Answer: Michael Martin

Question: How many historical Christian creeds did Martin write about?
Answer: three

Question: What do Christians believe is the way to salvation?
Answer: faith in Jesus

Question: What are the three creeds Martin studied?
Answer: the Apostles' Creed, the Nicene Creed and the Athanasian Creed
In the past, the Malays used to call the Portuguese Serani from the Arabic Nasrani, but the term now refers to the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia.

Question: What term did the Malays use for the Portuguese Serani?
Answer: Nasrani

Question: What does the term refer to now? 
Answer: the modern Kristang creoles of Malaysia
The Chinese word is 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú), literally "Christ follower." The two characters now pronounced Jīdū in Mandarin Chinese, were originally pronounced Ki-To in Cantonese as representation of Latin "Cristo".[citation needed] In Vietnam, the same two characters read Cơ đốc, and a "follower of Christianity" is a tín đồ Cơ đốc giáo.

Question: What is the Chinese word for Christian?
Answer: 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú)

Question: What does 基督徒 (pinyin: jīdū tú) mean?
Answer: Christ follower

Question: What was the original pronunciation of Jīdū?
Answer: Ki-To in Cantonese

Question: What did the two characters read in Vietnamese? 
Answer: Cơ đốc
The region of modern Eastern Europe and Central Eurasia (Russia, Ukraine and other countries of the ex-USSR) have a long history of Christianity and Christian communities on its lands. In ancient times, in the first centuries after the birth of Christ, when this region was called[by whom?] Scythia - Christians already lived there. Later the region saw the first states to adopt Christianity officially - initially in Armenia (301 AD) and in Georgia (337 AD), later in the Great Russian Principality (Kyivan Rus, Russian: Великое княжество Русское, ca 988 AD). People of that time used to denote themselves Christians (христиане, крестьяне) and Russians (русские). Both terms had strong Christian connotations.[citation needed] It is also interesting that in time the term "крестьяне" acquired the meaning "peasants of Christian faith" and later "peasants" (the main part of the population of the region), while the term "христиане" retained its religious meaning and the term "русские" began to mean representatives of the heterogeneous Russian nation formed on the basis of common Christian faith and language,[citation needed] which strongly influenced the history and development of the region. In the region the "Pravoslav faith" (православная вера - Orthodox faith) or "Russian faith" (русская вера) from earliest times became almost as known as the original "Christian faith" (христианская, крестьянская вера). Also in some contexts the term "cossack" (козак, казак - free man by the will of God) was used[by whom?] to denote "free" Christians of steppe origin and Russian language.

Question: What was the region of Eastern Europe called in 1 AD?
Answer: Scythia

Question: What was the first state in this region to adopt Christianity? 
Answer: Armenia

Question: When did Armenia adopt Christianity?
Answer: 301 AD

Question: When did Georgia adopt Christianity? 
Answer: 337 AD

Question: What nearly was known as the original 'Christian faith'?
Answer: Pravoslav faith
By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company. ABC had sold its record division to MCA Records in 1979, and in 1986, NBC's parent company RCA was sold to General Electric, who then sold off all other RCA units, including the record division (which was bought by Ariola Records, later known as BMG).

Question: In what year was CBS the only network to also have a record company?
Answer: 1987

Question: What label did ABC sell in 1979?
Answer: MCA Records

Question: What label did NBC sell in 1986?
Answer: RCA

Question: Who bought RCA?
Answer: Ge
On November 17, 1987, SCA acquired CBS Records, which hosted such acts as Michael Jackson, for US$2 billion. CBS Inc., now CBS Corporation, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name. CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which is distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary.

Question: In what year did SCA buy CBS Records?
Answer: 1987

Question: Who was the biggest artist that CBS had?
Answer: Michael Jackson

Question: How much did SCA pay for CBS Records?
Answer: $2 billion

Question: In what year did the CBS Corporation begin another CBS Records?
Answer: 2006

Question: Who distributes CBS Records material?
Answer: Sony through its RED subsidiary
While not in Oklahoma City proper, other large employers within the MSA region include: Tinker Air Force Base (27,000); University of Oklahoma (11,900); University of Central Oklahoma (2,900); and Norman Regional Hospital (2,800).

Question: How many universities are within the MSA region?
Answer: 2

Question: What hospital is in the MSA region
Answer: Norman Regional Hospital

Question: How many employees work for Tinker Air Force Base?
Answer: 27,000

Question: How many employees work for Norman Regional Hospital?
Answer: 2,800

Question: How many people work in University of Oklahoma?
Answer: 11,900
In 2008, Forbes magazine named Oklahoma City the most "recession proof city in America". The magazine reported that the city had falling unemployment, one of the strongest housing markets in the country and solid growth in energy, agriculture and manufacturing. However, during the early 1980s, Oklahoma City had one of the worst job and housing markets due to the bankruptcy of Penn Square Bank in 1982 and then the post-1985 crash in oil prices.[citation needed]

Question: What year did forbes list Oklahoma city as "recession proof".
Answer: 2008

Question: When did Penn Square Bank go bankrupt?
Answer: 1982

Question: What year did the oil crash?
Answer: 1985
The Oklahoma City Zoo and Botanical Garden is home to numerous natural habitats, WPA era architecture and landscaping, and hosts major touring concerts during the summer at its amphitheater. Oklahoma City also has two amusement parks, Frontier City theme park and White Water Bay water park. Frontier City is an 'Old West'-themed amusement park. The park also features a recreation of a western gunfight at the 'OK Corral' and many shops that line the "Western" town's main street. Frontier City also hosts a national concert circuit at its amphitheater during the summer. Oklahoma City also has a combination racetrack and casino open year-round, Remington Park, which hosts both Quarter horse (March – June) and Thoroughbred (August – December) seasons.

Question: Which place hosts racetracks and is a casino?
Answer: Remington Park

Question: Which amusement park is western themed? 
Answer: Frontier City
The major U.S. broadcast television networks have affiliates in the Oklahoma City market (ranked 41st for television by Nielsen and 48th for radio by Arbitron, covering a 34-county area serving the central, northern-central and west-central sections Oklahoma); including NBC affiliate KFOR-TV (channel 4), ABC affiliate KOCO-TV (channel 5), CBS affiliate KWTV-DT (channel 9, the flagship of locally based Griffin Communications), PBS station KETA-TV (channel 13, the flagship of the state-run OETA member network), Fox affiliate KOKH-TV (channel 25), CW affiliate KOCB (channel 34), independent station KAUT-TV (channel 43), MyNetworkTV affiliate KSBI-TV (channel 52), and Ion Television owned-and-operated station KOPX-TV (channel 62). The market is also home to several religious stations including TBN owned-and-operated station KTBO-TV (channel 14) and Norman-based Daystar owned-and-operated station KOCM (channel 46).

Question: What rank is Oklahoma Cities television networks for Nielsen?
Answer: 41st

Question: How many counties does Oklahoma Cities Networks cover?
Answer: 34
Forest gardening was also being used as a food production system in various parts of the world over this period. Forest gardens originated in prehistoric times along jungle-clad river banks and in the wet foothills of monsoon regions.[citation needed] In the gradual process of families improving their immediate environment, useful tree and vine species were identified, protected and improved, whilst undesirable species were eliminated. Eventually superior foreign species were selected and incorporated into the gardens.

Question: In what kind of area did forest gardening start?
Answer: jungle-clad river banks

Question: In what other types of areas did forest gardening show up?
Answer: foothills of monsoon regions

Question: What kind of plant did these early gardeners seek out?
Answer: tree and vine species

Question: What use did forest gardeners put to tree and vines to?
Answer: identified, protected and improved

Question: What did these gardeners do about unwanted species?
Answer: eliminated
Hunter-gatherers tend to have an egalitarian social ethos, although settled hunter-gatherers (for example, those inhabiting the Northwest Coast of North America) are an exception to this rule. Nearly all African hunter-gatherers are egalitarian, with women roughly as influential and powerful as men.

Question: What is the social style of hunter-gather societies?
Answer: egalitarian

Question:  Where do people who are an exception to egalitarianism live?
Answer: Northwest Coast of North America

Question: what group of hunter-gatherers are nearly all egalitarian?
Answer: African