meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
Spirit possession has been documented in modern Rajasthan. Some of the spirits possessing Rajasthanis are seen as good and beneficial while others are seen as malevolent. The good spirits include murdered royalty, the underworld god Bhaironji, and Muslim saints. Bad spirits include perpetual debtors who die in debt, stillborn infants, deceased widows, and foreign tourists. The possessed individual is referred to as a ghorala ("mount"). Possession, even if it is by a benign spirit, is regarded as undesirable, as it entails loss of self-control and violent emotional outbursts.

Question: What type of possession has been documented in Rajasthan?
Answer: Spirit possession

Question: What underworld god possess Rajasthanis?
Answer: Bhaironji

Question: What are possessed individuals known as? 
Answer: ghorala

Question: Ghorala is another word for what?
Answer: mount

Question: What results from possession by even benign spirits?
Answer: loss of self-control and violent emotional outbursts
The ancient-Chamorro society had four classes: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class).:20–21 The matua were located in the coastal villages, which meant they had the best access to fishing grounds, whereas the mana'chang were located in the interior of the island. Matua and mana'chang rarely communicated with each other, and matua often used achaot as intermediaries. There were also "makåhna" (similar to shamans), skilled in healing and medicine. Belief in spirits of ancient Chamorros called "Taotao mo'na" still persists as a remnant of pre-European culture. Their society was organized along matrilineal clans.:21

Question: Which four classes made up the ancient -Chamorro society?
Answer: chamorri (chiefs), matua (upper class), achaot (middle class), and mana'chang (lower class)

Question: Where were the matua located on the island?
Answer: coastal villages

Question: Where were the mana'chag located?
Answer: interior of the island
Despite Magellan's visit, Guam was not officially claimed by Spain until January 26, 1565 by General Miguel López de Legazpi.:46 From 1565 to 1815, Guam and the Northern Mariana Islands, the only Spanish outpost in the Pacific Ocean east of the Philippines, was an important resting stop for the Manila galleons, a fleet that covered the Pacific trade route between Acapulco and Manila.:51 To protect these Pacific fleets, Spain built several defensive structures which are still standing today, such as Fort Nuestra Señora de la Soledad in Umatac. It is the biggest single segment of Micronesia, the largest islands between the island of Kyushu (Japan), New Guinea, the Philippines, and the Hawaiian Islands.

Question: In what year was Guam claimed by Spain?
Answer: 1565

Question: What was the name of the general who claimed Guam?
Answer: General Miguel López de Legazpi

Question: What did Spain build to protect their fleet at Guam?
Answer: built several defensive structures
The United States took control of the island in the 1898 Spanish–American War, as part of the Treaty of Paris. Guam was transferred to U.S. Navy control on 23 December 1898 by Executive Order 108-A. Guam came to serve as a station for American ships traveling to and from the Philippines, while the Northern Mariana Islands passed to Germany, and then to Japan. A U.S. Navy yard was established at Piti in 1899, and a marine barracks at Sumay in 1901.:13 Following the Philippine–American War, Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini were exiled on Guam in 1901.:vi

Question: When did the United States take control of the island?
Answer: 1898

Question: What happened that allowed the United States to have Guam?
Answer: Spanish–American War

Question: What is the name of the executive order that transferred Guam over to the U.S?
Answer: 108-A

Question: Which two people were exiled to Guam after the Philippine-American war?
Answer: Emilio Aguinaldo and Apolinario Mabini
Guam is governed by a popularly elected governor and a unicameral 15-member legislature, whose members are known as senators. Guam elects one non-voting delegate, currently Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo, to the United States House of Representatives. U.S. citizens in Guam vote in a straw poll for their choice in the U.S. Presidential general election, but since Guam has no votes in the Electoral College, the poll has no real effect. However, in sending delegates to the Republican and Democratic national conventions, Guam does have influence in the national presidential race. These delegates are elected by local party conventions.

Question: How many people make up the Guam legislation?
Answer: 15

Question: Who is the current non-voting delegate for Guam?
Answer: Democrat Madeleine Z. Bordallo

Question: How many electoral votes does Guam currently have?
Answer: Guam has no votes
Lying in the western Pacific, Guam is a popular destination for Japanese tourists. Its tourist hub, Tumon, features over 20 large hotels, a Duty Free Shoppers Galleria, Pleasure Island district, indoor aquarium, Sandcastle Las Vegas–styled shows and other shopping and entertainment venues. It is a relatively short flight from Asia or Australia compared to Hawaii, with hotels and seven public golf courses accommodating over a million tourists per year. Although 75% of the tourists are Japanese, Guam receives a sizable number of tourists from South Korea, the U.S., the Philippines, and Taiwan. Significant sources of revenue include duty-free designer shopping outlets, and the American-style malls: Micronesia Mall, Guam Premier Outlets, the Agana Shopping Center, and the world's largest Kmart.[citation needed]

Question: What tourist commonly visits Guam?
Answer: Japanese

Question: Around how many Hotels does Guam currently have?
Answer: 20 large hotels

Question: How many public golf courses does Guam currently have?
Answer: seven

Question: About how many tourist visit Guam yearly?
Answer: a million

Question: Which major U.S store does Guam currently have that happens to be the largest in the world?
Answer: Kmart
The Commercial Port of Guam is the island's lifeline because most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers. It receives the weekly calls of the Hawaii-based shipping line Matson, Inc. whose container ships connect Guam with Honolulu, Hawaii, Los Angeles, California, Oakland, California and Seattle, Washington. The port is also the regional transhipment hub for over 500,000 customers throughout the Micronesian region. The port is the shipping and receiving point for containers designated for the island's U.S. Department of Defense installations, Andersen Air Force Base and Commander, Naval Forces Marianas and eventually the Third Marine Expeditionary Force.

Question: What is considered to be the lifeline of Guam?
Answer: The Commercial Port

Question: What is the name of the shipping company in Hawaii that connects Guam?
Answer: Matson, Inc

Question: Why is the port so important?
Answer: most products must be shipped into Guam for consumers
In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the "effectual truth" instead. Their contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) said, "If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down, then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings."

Question: When was da Vinci born?
Answer: 1452

Question: When did da Vinci die?
Answer: 1519

Question: What did renaissance writers question?
Answer: the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition

Question: Who did Machiavelli disdain?
Answer: writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals

Question: What did da Vinci advise when your experience contradicted authority?
Answer: abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings
The decidedly anti-Aristotelian and anti-clerical music theorist Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), father of Galileo and the inventor of monody, made use of the method in successfully solving musical problems, firstly, of tuning such as the relationship of pitch to string tension and mass in stringed instruments, and to volume of air in wind instruments; and secondly to composition, by his various suggestions to composers in his Dialogo della musica antica e moderna (Florence, 1581). The Italian word he used for "experiment" was esperienza. It is known that he was the essential pedagogical influence upon the young Galileo, his eldest son (cf. Coelho, ed. Music and Science in the Age of Galileo Galilei), arguably one of the most influential empiricists in history. Vincenzo, through his tuning research, found the underlying truth at the heart of the misunderstood myth of 'Pythagoras' hammers' (the square of the numbers concerned yielded those musical intervals, not the actual numbers, as believed), and through this and other discoveries that demonstrated the fallibility of traditional authorities, a radically empirical attitude developed, passed on to Galileo, which regarded "experience and demonstration" as the sine qua non of valid rational enquiry.

Question: When was Vincenzo Galilei born?
Answer: ca. 1520

Question: When did Vincenzo Galilei die?
Answer: 1591

Question: Who was Vincenzo Galilei's oldest son?
Answer: Galileo

Question: What does 'esperienza' mean?
Answer: experiment
The Scottish philosopher David Hume (1711–1776) responded to Berkeley's criticisms of Locke, as well as other differences between early modern philosophers, and moved empiricism to a new level of skepticism. Hume argued in keeping with the empiricist view that all knowledge derives from sense experience, but he accepted that this has implications not normally acceptable to philosophers. He wrote for example, "Locke divides all arguments into demonstrative and probable. On this view, we must say that it is only probable that all men must die or that the sun will rise to-morrow, because neither of these can be demonstrated. But to conform our language more to common use, we ought to divide arguments into demonstrations, proofs, and probabilities—by ‘proofs’ meaning arguments from experience that leave no room for doubt or opposition." And,

Question: What did Hume bring to empiricism?
Answer: a new level of skepticism

Question: What was Hume's nationality?
Answer: Scottish

Question: What two types of arguments did Locke say there are?
Answer: demonstrative and probable

Question: When did Hume die?
Answer: 1776

Question: When was Hume born?
Answer: 1711
The neopositivists subscribed to a notion of philosophy as the conceptual clarification of the methods, insights and discoveries of the sciences. They saw in the logical symbolism elaborated by Frege (1848–1925) and Bertrand Russell (1872–1970) a powerful instrument that could rationally reconstruct all scientific discourse into an ideal, logically perfect, language that would be free of the ambiguities and deformations of natural language. This gave rise to what they saw as metaphysical pseudoproblems and other conceptual confusions. By combining Frege's thesis that all mathematical truths are logical with the early Wittgenstein's idea that all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies, they arrived at a twofold classification of all propositions: the analytic (a priori) and the synthetic (a posteriori). On this basis, they formulated a strong principle of demarcation between sentences that have sense and those that do not: the so-called verification principle. Any sentence that is not purely logical, or is unverifiable is devoid of meaning. As a result, most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems came to be considered pseudoproblems.

Question: When was Bertrand Russell born?
Answer: 1872

Question: When did Bertrand Russell die?
Answer: 1970

Question: What did Frege say about math?
Answer: all mathematical truths are logical

Question: What did Wittgenstein say about logic?
Answer: all logical truths are mere linguistic tautologies

Question: What are pseudoproblems?
Answer: most metaphysical, ethical, aesthetic and other traditional philosophical problems
Charles Peirce (1839–1914) was highly influential in laying the groundwork for today's empirical scientific method.[citation needed] Although Peirce severely criticized many elements of Descartes' peculiar brand of rationalism, he did not reject rationalism outright. Indeed, he concurred with the main ideas of rationalism, most importantly the idea that rational concepts can be meaningful and the idea that rational concepts necessarily go beyond the data given by empirical observation. In later years he even emphasized the concept-driven side of the then ongoing debate between strict empiricism and strict rationalism, in part to counterbalance the excesses to which some of his cohorts had taken pragmatism under the "data-driven" strict-empiricist view.

Question: When was Peirce born?
Answer: 1839

Question: When did Peirce die?
Answer: 1914

Question: What view did Peirce think had been driven to excess?
Answer: the "data-driven" strict-empiricist view

Question: Who formed the basis for modern scientific method?
Answer: Charles Peirce

Question: Whose rationalism did Peirce criticize?
Answer: Descartes
Around the beginning of the 20th century, William James (1842–1910) coined the term "radical empiricism" to describe an offshoot of his form of pragmatism, which he argued could be dealt with separately from his pragmatism – though in fact the two concepts are intertwined in James's published lectures. James maintained that the empirically observed "directly apprehended universe needs ... no extraneous trans-empirical connective support", by which he meant to rule out the perception that there can be any value added by seeking supernatural explanations for natural phenomena. James's "radical empiricism" is thus not radical in the context of the term "empiricism", but is instead fairly consistent with the modern use of the term "empirical". (His method of argument in arriving at this view, however, still readily encounters debate within philosophy even today.)

Question: Who came up with 'radical empiricism'?
Answer: William James

Question: Where were James's pragmatism and radical empiricism intertwined?
Answer: in James's published lectures

Question: When was William James born?
Answer: 1842

Question: When did William James die?
Answer: 1910

Question: When did James come up with 'radical empiricism'?
Answer: Around the beginning of the 20th century
John Dewey (1859–1952) modified James' pragmatism to form a theory known as instrumentalism. The role of sense experience in Dewey's theory is crucial, in that he saw experience as unified totality of things through which everything else is interrelated. Dewey's basic thought, in accordance with empiricism was that reality is determined by past experience. Therefore, humans adapt their past experiences of things to perform experiments upon and test the pragmatic values of such experience. The value of such experience is measured experientially and scientifically, and the results of such tests generate ideas that serve as instruments for future experimentation, in physical sciences as in ethics. Thus, ideas in Dewey's system retain their empiricist flavour in that they are only known a posteriori.

Question: Who came up with 'instrumentalism'?
Answer: John Dewey

Question: What did Dewey think about reality?
Answer: reality is determined by past experience

Question: When was Dewey born?
Answer: 1859

Question: When did Dewey die?
Answer: 1952

Question: What was instrumentalism a modification of?
Answer: James' pragmatism
The conventional merit-system degree is currently not as common in open education as it is in campus universities, although some open universities do already offer conventional degrees such as the Open University in the United Kingdom. Presently, many of the major open education sources offer their own form of certificate. Due to the popularity of open education, these new kind of academic certificates are gaining more respect and equal "academic value" to traditional degrees. Many open universities are working to have the ability to offer students standardized testing and traditional degrees and credentials. A culture is beginning to form around distance learning for people who are looking to social connections enjoyed on traditional campuses. For example, students may create study groups, meetups and movements such as UnCollege.

Question: What is not as common in open education?
Answer: merit-system degree

Question: Which University offers conventional degrees? 
Answer: Open University in the United Kingdom

Question: What do most open education sources offer?
Answer: own form of certificate
At the level of the individual, there is a large literature, generally related to the work of Jacob Mincer, on how earnings are related to the schooling and other human capital. This work has motivated a large number of studies, but is also controversial. The chief controversies revolve around how to interpret the impact of schooling. Some students who have indicated a high potential for learning, by testing with a high intelligence quotient, may not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties.[citation needed]

Question: Literature on how earnings and how it relates to schooling was greatly influenced by who?
Answer: Jacob Mincer

Question: This view of how schooling and earnings has sparked a lot of studies, but what else has it brought up?
Answer: is also controversial

Question: What was one of the main concerns of this literature on how schooling and earnings?
Answer: not achieve their full academic potential, due to financial difficulties
Tennessee has played a critical role in the development of many forms of American popular music, including rock and roll, blues, country, and rockabilly.[not verified in body] Beale Street in Memphis is considered by many to be the birthplace of the blues, with musicians such as W.C. Handy performing in its clubs as early as 1909.[not verified in body] Memphis is also home to Sun Records, where musicians such as Elvis Presley, Johnny Cash, Carl Perkins, Jerry Lee Lewis, Roy Orbison, and Charlie Rich began their recording careers, and where rock and roll took shape in the 1950s.[not verified in body] The 1927 Victor recording sessions in Bristol generally mark the beginning of the country music genre and the rise of the Grand Ole Opry in the 1930s helped make Nashville the center of the country music recording industry.[not verified in body] Three brick-and-mortar museums recognize Tennessee's role in nurturing various forms of popular music: the Memphis Rock N' Soul Museum, the Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, and the International Rock-A-Billy Museum in Jackson. Moreover, the Rockabilly Hall of Fame, an online site recognizing the development of rockabilly in which Tennessee played a crucial role, is based in Nashville.[not verified in body]

Question: What locale in Memphis is know as the place where blues was born?
Answer: Beale Street

Question: What Tennessee recording company first promoted Elvis Presley?
Answer: Sun Records

Question: Which Tennessee city is home to the Country Music Hall of Fame?
Answer: Nashville

Question: Which museum celebrating popular music is located in Jackson, Tennessee?
Answer: International Rock-A-Billy Museum

Question: In which year is W.C. Handy first known to have been playing in Tennessee clubs?
Answer: 1909
The capital is Nashville, though Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro have all served as state capitals in the past. Memphis has the largest population of any city in the state. Nashville's 13-county metropolitan area has been the state's largest since c. 1990. Chattanooga and Knoxville, both in the eastern part of the state near the Great Smoky Mountains, each has approximately one-third of the population of Memphis or Nashville. The city of Clarksville is a fifth significant population center, some 45 miles (72 km) northwest of Nashville. Murfreesboro is the sixth-largest city in Tennessee, consisting of some 108,755 residents.

Question: Which cities other than Knoxville have been the capital of Tennessee?
Answer: Knoxville, Kingston, and Murfreesboro

Question: How many counties are part of Nashville's metropolitan area?
Answer: 13

Question: What distance in miles is Clarksville, TN from Nashville?
Answer: 45

Question: Which city is Tennessee's sixth largest by population?
Answer: Murfreesboro

Question: Which two of the six most populous Tennessee cities are nearest the Great Smoky Mountains?
Answer: Chattanooga and Knoxville
During the administration of U.S. President Martin Van Buren, nearly 17,000 Cherokees—along with approximately 2,000 black slaves owned by Cherokees—were uprooted from their homes between 1838 and 1839 and were forced by the U.S. military to march from "emigration depots" in Eastern Tennessee (such as Fort Cass) toward the more distant Indian Territory west of Arkansas. During this relocation an estimated 4,000 Cherokees died along the way west. In the Cherokee language, the event is called Nunna daul Isunyi—"the Trail Where We Cried." The Cherokees were not the only American Indians forced to emigrate as a result of the Indian removal efforts of the United States, and so the phrase "Trail of Tears" is sometimes used to refer to similar events endured by other American Indian peoples, especially among the "Five Civilized Tribes". The phrase originated as a description of the earlier emigration of the Choctaw nation.

Question: Which US President oversaw the forced westward relocation of Cherokees beginning in 1838?
Answer: Martin Van Buren

Question: How many Cherokee-owned black slaves were also relocated between 1838 and 1839?
Answer: 2,000

Question: What Cherokee phrase means "the trail where we cried?"
Answer: Nunna daul Isunyi

Question: Which Native American nation's emigration was first associated with the term "Trail of Tears?"
Answer: Choctaw

Question: Approximately how many Cherokees died along their "Trail of Tears?"
Answer: 4,000
In February 1861, secessionists in Tennessee's state government—led by Governor Isham Harris—sought voter approval for a convention to sever ties with the United States, but Tennessee voters rejected the referendum by a 54–46% margin. The strongest opposition to secession came from East Tennessee (which later tried to form a separate Union-aligned state). Following the Confederate attack upon Fort Sumter in April and Lincoln's call for troops from Tennessee and other states in response, Governor Isham Harris began military mobilization, submitted an ordinance of secession to the General Assembly, and made direct overtures to the Confederate government. The Tennessee legislature ratified an agreement to enter a military league with the Confederate States on May 7, 1861. On June 8, 1861, with people in Middle Tennessee having significantly changed their position, voters approved a second referendum calling for secession, becoming the last state to do so.

Question: Which Tennessee governor championed secession in February of 1861?
Answer: Isham Harris

Question: Which area of Tennessee was most resistant to secession?
Answer: East Tennessee

Question: What percentage of voters voted against secession in Tennessee's February 1861 referendum?
Answer: 54

Question: On which date did Tennessee enter a military alliance with the Confederacy?
Answer: May 7, 1861

Question: Which region of Tennessee swung in favor of secession in the June 1861 referendum?
Answer: Middle Tennessee
The Baker v. Carr (1962) decision of the US Supreme Court established the principle of "one man, one vote", requiring state legislatures to redistrict to bring Congressional apportionment in line with decennial censuses. It also required both houses of state legislatures to be based on population for representation and not geographic districts such as counties. This case arose out of a lawsuit challenging the longstanding rural bias of apportionment of seats in the Tennessee legislature. After decades in which urban populations had been underrepresented in many state legislatures, this significant ruling led to an increased (and proportional) prominence in state politics by urban and, eventually, suburban, legislators and statewide officeholders in relation to their population within the state. The ruling also applied to numerous other states long controlled by rural minorities, such as Alabama, Vermont, and Montana.

Question: Which 1962 US Supreme Court ruling forced states to realign their voting districts to reflect census findings? 
Answer: Baker v. Carr

Question: What phrase expresses the Supreme Court's 1962 decision that population overrules geographic consideration in election districting?
Answer: one man, one vote

Question: A bias in Tennessee politics favoring which type of geographical district gave rise to the Baker v. Carr Supreme Court case?
Answer: rural

Question: Which type of geographical district became more powerful in Tennessee politics following the 1962 Supreme Court decision?
Answer: urban
In the mid 1970s, various American groups (some with ties to Downtown Manhattan's punk scene, including Television and Suicide) had begun expanding on the vocabulary of punk music. Midwestern groups such as Pere Ubu and Devo drew inspiration from the region's derelict industrial environments, employing conceptual art techniques, musique concrète and unconventional verbal styles that would presage the post-punk movement by several years. A variety of subsequent groups, including New York-based Talking Heads and Boston-based Mission of Burma, combined elements of punk with art school sensibilities. In 1978, the former band began a series of collaborations with British ambient pioneer and ex-Roxy Music member Brian Eno, experimenting with Dada-influenced lyrical techniques, dance music, and African polyrhythms. San Francisco's vibrant post-punk scene was centered around such groups as Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon, who incorporated multimedia experimentation, film and ideas from Antonin Artaud's Theater of Cruelty.

Question: What nationality began birthing groups who expanded the vocabulary of punk music?
Answer: American

Question: From what region did the group Devo originate? 
Answer: Midwestern

Question: Where was the band Talking Heads based out of?
Answer: New York

Question: Who did the Talking Heads begin a series of collaborations with in 1978?
Answer: Brian Eno

Question: What region's post-punk scene incorporated ideas from Theater of Cruelty?
Answer: San Francisco's

Question: When did the American groups begin to really get in on the post-punk movement?
Answer: mid 1970s

Question: Which American bands had ties to the Manchester punk scene?
Answer: Television and Suicide

Question: What were some Midwestern punk bands?
Answer: Pere Ubu and Devo

Question: What did Pere and Devo draw inspiration for their music from?
Answer: derelict industrial environments

Question: What were groups in San Francisco's post-punk scene?
Answer: Chrome, the Residents and Tuxedomoon
The first written account of a game played was on October 15, 1862, on the Montreal Cricket Grounds. It was between the First Battalion Grenadier Guards and the Second Battalion Scots Fusilier Guards resulting in a win by the Grenadier Guards 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing.[citation needed] In 1864, at Trinity College, Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, Frederick A. Bethune, and Christopher Gwynn, one of the founders of Milton, Massachusetts, devised rules based on rugby football. The game gradually gained a following, with the Hamilton Football Club formed on November 3, 1869, (the oldest football club in Canada). Montreal formed a team April 8, 1872, Toronto was formed on October 4, 1873, and the Ottawa FBC on September 20, 1876.

Question: On which date was the first Canadian football game for which a written record has survived?
Answer: October 15, 1862

Question: Which team won the first recorded Canadian football game?
Answer: First Battalion Grenadier Guards

Question: What is the oldest football club in Canada?
Answer: Hamilton Football Club

Question: Which founder of Milton, MA also helped develop the rules of Canadian football?
Answer: Christopher Gwynn

Question: What was the first final score recorded of a Canadian football game?
Answer: 3 goals, 2 rouges to nothing
The first attempt to establish a proper governing body and adopted the current set of Rugby rules was the Foot Ball Association of Canada, organized on March 24, 1873 followed by the Canadian Rugby Football Union (CRFU) founded June 12, 1880, which included teams from Ontario and Quebec. Later both the Ontario and Quebec Rugby Football Union (ORFU and QRFU) were formed (January 1883), and then the Interprovincial (1907) and Western Interprovincial Football Union (1936) (IRFU and WIFU). The CRFU reorganized into an umbrella organization forming the Canadian Rugby Union (CRU) in 1891. The original forerunners to the current Canadian Football League, was established in 1956 when the IRFU and WIFU formed an umbrella organization, The Canadian Football Council (CFC). And then in 1958 the CFC left The CRFU to become The CFL.

Question: On which date was the first governing body for Canadian football formed?
Answer: March 24, 1873

Question: Which governing organization for Canadian football was formed on June 12, 1880?
Answer: Canadian Rugby Football Union

Question: In which year was the Western Interprovincial Football Union founded?
Answer: 1936

Question: Which Canadian football union expanded its scope in 1891? 
Answer: Canadian Rugby Football Union

Question: Which organization founded in 1956 evolved into the modern Canadian Football League?
Answer: Canadian Football Council
During the last three minutes of a half, the penalty for failure to place the ball in play within the 20-second play clock, known as "time count" (this foul is known as "delay of game" in American football), is dramatically different from during the first 27 minutes. Instead of the penalty being 5 yards with the down repeated, the base penalty (except during convert attempts) becomes loss of down on first or second down, and 10 yards on third down with the down repeated. In addition, as noted previously, the referee can give possession to the defence for repeated deliberate time count violations on third down.

Question: At which point in a game is the time the offence takes to put the ball in play measured?
Answer: last three minutes of a half

Question: How many seconds elapse before a time count penalty is assessed?
Answer: 20

Question: What is the penalty for a time count on the first two downs?
Answer: loss of down

Question: Who can turn the ball over to the other side if an offensive team incurs too many time count violations?
Answer: referee

Question: How many yards does the offense lose for a time count on third down?
Answer: 10
In the CFL, if the game is tied at the end of regulation play, then each team is given an equal number of chances to break the tie. A coin toss is held to determine which team will take possession first; the first team scrimmages the ball at the opponent's 35-yard line and advances through a series of downs until it scores or loses possession. If the team scores a touchdown, starting with the 2010 season, it is required to attempt a 2-point conversion. The other team then scrimmages the ball at the same 35-yard line and has the same opportunity to score. After the teams have completed their possessions, if one team is ahead, then it is declared the winner; otherwise, the two teams each get another chance to score, scrimmaging from the other 35-yard line. After this second round, if there is still no winner, during the regular season the game ends as a tie. In a playoff or championship game, the teams continue to attempt to score from alternating 35-yard lines, until one team is leading after both have had an equal number of possessions.

Question: What determines which team gets possession first when extending a game to break a tie?
Answer: coin toss

Question: At which yard line on their opponent's side does a team take possession of the ball according to the CFL's tie-breaking rules?
Answer: 35

Question: In which year did the CFL begin requiring teams to attempt 2-point conversions after scoring in a tie-breaking situation?
Answer: 2010

Question: Which round of tie-breaking is the last possible round in a regular season CFL game?
Answer: second

Question: Which CFL games require tie-breaking rounds continue until a winner results?
Answer: playoff or championship
The Hanoverian king George II of Great Britain was passionately devoted to his family’s continental holdings, but his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas. If war against France for colonial expansion was to be resumed, then Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack. France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain, but it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.

Question: What was the house of king George II?
Answer: Hanover

Question: Name two diverse geographies that king George II had to protect.
Answer: his commitments in Germany were counterbalanced by the demands of the British colonies overseas

Question: How anxious was France to assist Prussia to take over Hanover?
Answer: it had no desire to divert forces to central Europe for Prussia's interest.

Question: Why would France want to invade Hanover?
Answer: France was very much interested in colonial expansion and was willing to exploit the vulnerability of Hanover in war against Great Britain

Question: What was Britain's obligation to Hanover if colonial expansion via war with France was to be resumed?
Answer: Hanover had to be secured against Franco-Prussian attack
Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony. The Prussian army marched in three columns. On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the left was a column of 18,000 men under the command of the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. In the centre was Frederick II, himself with Field Marshal James Keith commanding a corps of 30,000 troops. Ferdinand of Brunswick was to close in on the town of Chemnitz. The Duke of Brunswick-Bevern was to traverse Lusatia to close in on Bautzen. Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden.

Question: How did Frederick protect Silesia when he went to invade Saxony?
Answer: leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary

Question: How did Frederick protect East Prussia when he went to invade Saxony?
Answer: leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east

Question: Describe the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick.
Answer: a column of about 15,000 men

Question: Describe the command of the Duke ofBrunswich-Bevern.
Answer: a column of 18,000 men

Question: Describe the command of Field Marshall James Keith 
Answer: a corps of 30,000 troops.
Feynman attended Far Rockaway High School, a school in Far Rockaway, Queens also attended by fellow Nobel laureates Burton Richter and Baruch Samuel Blumberg. Upon starting high school, Feynman was quickly promoted into a higher math class. An unspecified school-administered IQ test estimated his IQ at 123—high, but "merely respectable" according to biographer James Gleick. When he turned 15, he taught himself trigonometry, advanced algebra, infinite series, analytic geometry, and both differential and integral calculus. In high school he was developing the mathematical intuition behind his Taylor series of mathematical operators. Before entering college, he was experimenting with and deriving mathematical topics such as the half-derivative using his own notation.

Question: What IQ score did Feyman attain in high school?
Answer: 123

Question: What high school did Feynman go to?
Answer: Far Rockaway High School

Question: What did Feyman derive before he went to college?
Answer: half-derivative

Question: Feyman taught himself many math subjects, including Trigonometry at what age?
Answer: 15

Question: What burrough was Feynman's high school in?
Answer: Queens
Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi (Arabic: معمر محمد أبو منيار القذافي‎ Arabic pronunciation: [muʕamar al.qaðaːfiː]; /ˈmoʊ.əmɑːr ɡəˈdɑːfi/;  audio (help·info); c. 1942 – 20 October 2011), commonly known as Colonel Gaddafi,[b] was a Libyan revolutionary, politician, and political theorist. He governed Libya as Revolutionary Chairman of the Libyan Arab Republic from 1969 to 1977 and then as the "Brotherly Leader" of the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011. Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism, he came to rule according to his own Third International Theory before embracing Pan-Africanism and serving as Chairperson of the African Union from 2009 to 2010.

Question: When was Gaddafi born, and when did he die?
Answer: 1942 – 20 October 2011

Question: What was Gaddifi's original political viewpoint?
Answer: Initially ideologically committed to Arab nationalism and Arab socialism

Question: What political philosophy did Gaddifi create?
Answer: his own Third International Theory

Question: What political philosophy did  Gaddafi adhere to when he was the Chairperson of the African Union?
Answer: Pan-Africanism

Question: What was Gaddafi's position when he was considered the "Brotherly Leader"?
Answer: the Great Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya from 1977 to 2011

Question: When did Gaddafi rule as the "Brotherly Leader"?
Answer: from 1977 to 2011

Question: What ideology did Gaddafi adopt when he was the Chairperson of the African Union?
Answer: Pan-Africanism

Question: List Gaddafi's lifespan.
Answer: 1942 – 20 October 2011

Question: When did he first gain power in Libya?
Answer: 1969

Question: What political ideology did Gaddafi create?
Answer: Third International Theory

Question: By what name was Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar al-Gaddafi typically known?
Answer: Colonel Gaddafi

Question: What was Gaddafi's nationality?
Answer: Libyan

Question: What was the official name of Libya between 1969 and 1977?
Answer: Libyan Arab Republic

Question: From 1977 to 2011, what was Gaddafi's title?
Answer: Brotherly Leader

Question: What was Colonel Gaddafi's date of death?
Answer: 20 October 2011
Moving to reduce Italian influence, in October 1970 all Italian-owned assets were expropriated and the 12,000-strong Italian community expelled from Libya alongside a smaller number of Jews. The day became a national holiday. Aiming to reduce NATO power in the Mediterranean, in 1971 Libya requested that Malta cease to allow NATO to use its land for a military base, in turn offering them foreign aid. Compromising, Malta's government continued allowing NATO use of the island, but only on the condition that they would not use it for launching attacks on Arab territory. Orchestrating a military build-up, the RCC began purchasing weapons from France and the Soviet Union. The commercial relationship with the latter led to an increasingly strained relationship with the U.S., who were then engaged in the Cold War with the Soviets.

Question: How many Italians lived in Libya prior to October of 1970?
Answer: 12,000

Question: In addition to Italians, what people were kicked out of Libya in 1970?
Answer: Jews

Question: Who did the RCC buy military equipment from?
Answer: France and the Soviet Union

Question: Who were the adversaries of the Soviets during the Cold War?
Answer: U.S.

Question: Who did Libya offer foreign aid to in 1971?
Answer: Malta
On 16 April 1973, Gaddafi proclaimed the start of a "Popular Revolution" in a Zuwarah speech. He initiated this with a 5-point plan, the first point of which dissolved all existing laws, to be replaced by revolutionary enactments. The second point proclaimed that all opponents of the revolution had to be removed, while the third initiated an administrative revolution that Gaddafi proclaimed would remove all traces of bureaucracy and the bourgeoisie. The fourth point announced that the population must form People's Committees and be armed to defend the revolution, while the fifth proclaimed the beginning of a cultural revolution to expunge Libya of "poisonous" foreign influences. He began to lecture on this new phase of the revolution in Libya, Egypt, and France.

Question: On what date did Gaddafi declare the beginning of a "Popular Revolution"?
Answer: 16 April 1973

Question: What type of revolution began as a result of the third point?
Answer: administrative

Question: What happened to Libya's laws as a result of the first point of Gaddafi's speech?
Answer: dissolved

Question: How many points did the Popular Revolution plan have?
Answer: 5

Question: Along with Libya and France, where did Gaddafi speak on the Popular Revolution?
Answer: Egypt
Gaddafi married his first wife, Fatiha al-Nuri, in 1969. She was the daughter of General Khalid, a senior figure in King Idris' administration, and was from a middle-class background. Although they had one son, Muhammad Gaddafi (b. 1970), their relationship was strained, and they divorced in 1970. Gaddafi's second wife was Safia Farkash, née el-Brasai, a former nurse from Obeidat tribe born in Bayda. They met in 1969, following his ascension to power, when he was hospitalized with appendicitis; he claimed that it was love at first sight. The couple remained married until his death. Together they had seven biological children: Saif al-Islam Gaddafi (b. 1972), Al-Saadi Gaddafi (b. 1973), Mutassim Gaddafi (1974–2011), Hannibal Muammar Gaddafi (b. 1975), Ayesha Gaddafi (b. 1976), Saif al-Arab Gaddafi (1982–2011), and Khamis Gaddafi (1983–2011). He also adopted two children, Hanna Gaddafi and Milad Gaddafi.

Question: Who was Gaddafi's first father-in-law?
Answer: General Khalid

Question: When was Gaddafi's son by Fatiha al-Nuri born?
Answer: 1970

Question: What was the maiden surname of Gaddafi's second wife?
Answer: el-Brasai

Question: What tribe did Safia Farkash belong to?
Answer: Obeidat

Question: When did Khamis Gaddafi die?
Answer: 2011
Cyprus (i/ˈsaɪprəs/; Greek: Κύπρος IPA: [ˈcipros]; Turkish: Kıbrıs IPA: [ˈkɯbɾɯs]), officially the Republic of Cyprus (Greek: Κυπριακή Δημοκρατία; Turkish: Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti), is an island country in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea, off the coasts of Syria and Turkey.[e] Cyprus is the third largest and third most populous island in the Mediterranean, and a member state of the European Union. It is located south of Turkey, west of Syria and Lebanon, northwest of Israel and Palestine, north of Egypt and east of Greece.

Question: What is the official name of Cypus?
Answer: Republic of Cyprus

Question: Where is Cyprus located?
Answer: Eastern Mediterranean Sea

Question: What countries are nearby Cyprus?
Answer: Syria and Turkey

Question: What is Cyprus' affiliation with the European Union?
Answer: member state

Question: Is Cyprus an island country or land-locked country? 
Answer: island country

Question: What does Cyprus rank in terms of size in the Mediterranean? 
Answer: third largest

Question: Which country is north of Cyprus?
Answer: Turkey
Cyprus was placed under British administration based on Cyprus Convention in 1878 and formally annexed by Britain in 1914. Even though Turkish Cypriots made up only 18% of the population, the partition of Cyprus and creation of a Turkish state in the north became a policy of Turkish Cypriot leaders and Turkey in the 1950s. Turkish leaders for a period advocated the annexation of Cyprus to Turkey as Cyprus was considered an "extension of Anatolia" by them; while since the 19th century, the majority Greek Cypriot population and its Orthodox church had been pursuing union with Greece, which became a Greek national policy in the 1950s. Following nationalist violence in the 1950s, Cyprus was granted independence in 1960. In 1963, the 11-year intercommunal violence between Greek Cypriots and Turkish Cypriots started, which displaced more than 25,000 Turkish Cypriots and brought the end of Turkish Cypriot representation in the republic. On 15 July 1974, a coup d'état was staged by Greek Cypriot nationalists and elements of the Greek military junta in an attempt at enosis, the incorporation of Cyprus into Greece. This action precipitated the Turkish invasion of Cyprus, which led to the capture of the present-day territory of Northern Cyprus the following month, after a ceasefire collapsed, and the displacement of over 150,000 Greek Cypriots and 50,000 Turkish Cypriots. A separate Turkish Cypriot state in the north was established in 1983. These events and the resulting political situation are matters of a continuing dispute.

Question: When was Cyprus placed under British administration?
Answer: 1878

Question: What year was Cyprus annexed by Britain?
Answer: 1914

Question: What year was Cyprus granted independence?
Answer: 1960

Question: What year did the intercommunal violence between Greek and Cypriots occur?
Answer: 1963

Question: How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the 11 year violence in 1963? 
Answer: 25,000
The Republic of Cyprus has de jure sovereignty over the island of Cyprus and its surrounding waters, according to international law, except for the British Overseas Territory of Akrotiri and Dhekelia, administered as Sovereign Base Areas. However, the Republic of Cyprus is de facto partitioned into two main parts; the area under the effective control of the Republic, comprising about 59% of the island's area, and the north, administered by the self-declared Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus, which is recognised only by Turkey, covering about 36% of the island's area. The international community considers the northern part of the island as territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces. The occupation is viewed as illegal under international law, amounting to illegal occupation of EU territory since Cyprus became a member of the European Union.

Question: The Republic of Cyprus does not have de jure sovereignty over what two British territories? 
Answer: Akrotiri and Dhekelia

Question: How many parts is the Republic of Cyprus partitioned into?
Answer: two main parts

Question: How much area of the island does the Republic control?
Answer: 59%

Question: The Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus is only recognized by what country?
Answer: Turkey

Question: What does the international community consider the northern part of Cyprus?
Answer: territory of the Republic of Cyprus occupied by Turkish forces
Intercommunal violence erupted on December 21, 1963, when two Turkish Cypriots were killed at an incident involving the Greek Cypriot police. The violence resulted in the death of 364 Turkish and 174 Greek Cypriots, destruction of 109 Turkish Cypriot or mixed villages and displacement of 25,000-30,000 Turkish Cypriots. The crisis resulted in the end of the Turkish Cypriot involvement in the administration and their claiming that it had lost its legitimacy; the nature of this event is still controversial. In some areas, Greek Cypriots prevented Turkish Cypriots from travelling and entering government buildings, while some Turkish Cypriots willingly withdrew due to the calls of the Turkish Cypriot administration. Turkish Cypriots started living in enclaves; the republic's structure was changed unilaterally by Makarios and Nicosia was divided by the Green Line, with the deployment of UNFICYP troops.

Question: In December of what year did intercommunal violence erupt?
Answer: 1963

Question: The violence beginning in 1963 resulted in the deaths of many Turks?
Answer: 364

Question: How many Turkish Cypriots were displaced due to the violence?
Answer: 25,000-30,

Question: Turkish Cypriots were prevented from doing what?
Answer: travelling and entering government buildings