meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
In descending order of population, Oklahoma's largest cities in 2010 were: Oklahoma City (579,999, +14.6%), Tulsa (391,906, −0.3%), Norman (110,925, +15.9%), Broken Arrow (98,850, +32.0%), Lawton (96,867, +4.4%), Edmond (81,405, +19.2%), Moore (55,081, +33.9%), Midwest City (54,371, +0.5%), Enid (49,379, +5.0%), and Stillwater (45,688, +17.0%). Of the state's ten largest cities, three are outside the metropolitan areas of Oklahoma City and Tulsa, and only Lawton has a metropolitan statistical area of its own as designated by the United States Census Bureau, though the metropolitan statistical area of Fort Smith, Arkansas extends into the state.

Question: What is Oklahoma's largest city?
Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: How much did Oklahoma City's population grow from 2000 to 2010?
Answer: 14.6%

Question: How many people lived in Lawton in 2010?
Answer: 96,867

Question: How many people lived in Stillwater in 2010?
Answer: 45,688

Question: What Arkansas city's metro area extends into Oklahoma?
Answer: Fort Smith
Most of the subcontinent was conquered by the Maurya Empire during the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE. From the 3rd century BC onwards Prakrit and Pali literature in the north and the Sangam literature in southern India started to flourish. Wootz steel originated in south India in the 3rd century BC and was exported to foreign countries. Various parts of India were ruled by numerous dynasties for the next 1,500 years, among which the Gupta Empire stands out. This period, witnessing a Hindu religious and intellectual resurgence, is known as the classical or "Golden Age of India". During this period, aspects of Indian civilization, administration, culture, and religion (Hinduism and Buddhism) spread to much of Asia, while kingdoms in southern India had maritime business links with the Roman Empire from around 77 CE. Indian cultural influence spread over many parts of Southeast Asia which led to the establishment of Indianized kingdoms in Southeast Asia (Greater India).

Question: What empire conquered most of the subcontinent in the 3rd and 4th centuries BC?
Answer: Maurya Empire

Question: After the 3rd century BC, what style of literature grew in northern area of the subcontinent?
Answer: Prakrit and Pali

Question: What form of metal was developed and  exported from southern India?
Answer: Wootz steel

Question: What was the period following 3rd century BC and extending 1500 years called?
Answer: Golden Age of India

Question: What was the foremost dynasty of the the Golden Age period? 
Answer: Gupta
The Mature Indus civilisation flourished from about 2600 to 1900 BCE, marking the beginning of urban civilisation on the subcontinent. The civilisation included urban centres such as Dholavira, Kalibangan, Ropar, Rakhigarhi, and Lothal in modern-day India, as well as Harappa, Ganeriwala, and Mohenjo-daro in modern-day Pakistan. The civilisation is noted for its cities built of brick, roadside drainage system, and multistoreyed houses and is thought to have had some kind of municipal organization.

Question: When did the Mature Indus Civilization thrive? 
Answer: 2600 to 1900 BCE

Question: What stage of civilization did the Mature Indus represent?
Answer: urban

Question: What kind of organization did the Mature Indus have?
Answer: municipal

Question: Of what were the early cities of the Mature Indus civilization built?
Answer: brick

Question: How high were the buildings in the Mature Indus ?
Answer: multistoreyed
Increasing urbanisation of India in 7th and 6th centuries BCE led to the rise of new ascetic or shramana movements which challenged the orthodoxy of rituals. Mahavira (c. 549–477 BC), proponent of Jainism, and Buddha (c. 563-483), founder of Buddhism were the most prominent icons of this movement. Shramana gave rise to the concept of the cycle of birth and death, the concept of samsara, and the concept of liberation. Buddha found a Middle Way that ameliorated the extreme asceticism found in the Sramana religions.

Question: What did the shramana movements challenge?
Answer: orthodoxy of rituals

Question: Who was the founder of Jainism?
Answer: Mahavira

Question: What prominent icon founded Buddhism? 
Answer: Buddha

Question: What path did Buddha find to soothe the strictness of Sramana religions?
Answer: Middle Way

Question: What belief system taught the idea of samsara?
Answer: Shramana
The Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka are the primary written records of the Mauryan times. Archaeologically, this period falls into the era of Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW). The Mauryan Empire was based on a modern and efficient economy and society. However, the sale of merchandise was closely regulated by the government. Although there was no banking in the Mauryan society, usury was customary. A significant amount of written records on slavery are found, suggesting a prevalence thereof. During this period, a high quality steel called Wootz steel was developed in south India and was later exported to China and Arabia.

Question: What are the basic written records of the Mauryans?
Answer: Arthashastra and the Edicts of Ashoka

Question: What is the archaeological period of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: Northern Black Polished Ware

Question: What metal was developed in south India during the time of the Mauryan Empire?
Answer: Wootz steel

Question: To where was wootz steel exported?
Answer: China and Arabia

Question: What organization closely monitored business dealings in the Mauryan Empire? 
Answer: government
During the reign of Khārabēḷa, the Chedi dynasty of Kaḷinga ascended to eminence and restored the lost power and glory of Kaḷinga, which had been subdued since the devastating war with Ashoka. Kaḷingan military might was reinstated by Khārabēḷa: under Khārabēḷa's generalship, the Kaḷinga state had a formidable maritime reach with trade routes linking it to the then-Simhala (Sri Lanka), Burma (Myanmar), Siam (Thailand), Vietnam, Kamboja (Cambodia), Malaysia, Borneo, Bali, Samudra (Sumatra) and Jabadwipa (Java). Khārabēḷa led many successful campaigns against the states of Magadha, Anga, Satavahanas till the southern most regions of Pandyan Empire (modern Tamil Nadu).

Question: What Kalingan ruler brought the Chedi dynasty back into power?
Answer: Khārabēḷa

Question: What power had previously defeated the Kalingans? 
Answer: Ashoka

Question: In what arena was Kalinga a formidable power?
Answer: maritime

Question: What maritime advantage did the Kalingans have?
Answer: trade routes

Question: What militaristic leader restored might to the Kalinga empire?
Answer: Khārabēḷa
The Hephthalites (or Ephthalites), also known as the White Huns, were a nomadic confederation in Central Asia during the late antiquity period. The White Huns established themselves in modern-day Afghanistan by the first half of the 5th century. Led by the Hun military leader Toramana, they overran the northern region of Pakistan and North India. Toramana's son Mihirakula, a Saivite Hindu, moved up to near Pataliputra to the east and Gwalior to the central India. Hiuen Tsiang narrates Mihirakula's merciless persecution of Buddhists and destruction of monasteries, though the description is disputed as far as the authenticity is concerned. The Huns were defeated by the Indian kings Yasodharman of Malwa and Narasimhagupta in the 6th century. Some of them were driven out of India and others were assimilated in the Indian society.

Question: What type of trib were the Hephthalites?
Answer: nomadic confederation

Question: Where did the White Huns roam?
Answer: Central Asia

Question: In what country did the White Huns settle?
Answer: Afghanistan

Question: What lands did the White Huns take in the 5th century? 
Answer: Pakistan and North India
From the fifth century to the thirteenth, Śrauta sacrifices declined, and initiatory traditions of Buddhism, Jainism or more commonly Shaivism, Vaishnavism and Shaktism expanded in royal courts. This period produced some of India's finest art, considered the epitome of classical development, and the development of the main spiritual and philosophical systems which continued to be in Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism. Emperor Harsha of Kannauj succeeded in reuniting northern India during his reign in the 7th century, after the collapse of the Gupta dynasty. His empire collapsed after his death.

Question: What declined from the 5th to the 13th centuries
Answer: Śrauta sacrifices

Question: What philosophical traditions developed during the period of the 5th to the 13th centuries?
Answer: Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism

Question: In what century was Harsha's rule? 
Answer: 7th century

Question: What happened to Harsha's empire after his death?
Answer: collapsed

Question: What area did Harsha unite during his reign?
Answer: northern India
The Chalukya Empire (Kannada: ಚಾಲುಕ್ಯರು [tʃaːɭukjə]) was an Indian royal dynasty that ruled large parts of southern and central India between the 6th and the 12th centuries. During this period, they ruled as three related yet individual dynasties. The earliest dynasty, known as the "Badami Chalukyas", ruled from Vatapi (modern Badami) from the middle of the 6th century. The Badami Chalukyas began to assert their independence at the decline of the Kadamba kingdom of Banavasi and rapidly rose to prominence during the reign of Pulakeshin II. The rule of the Chalukyas marks an important milestone in the history of South India and a golden age in the history of Karnataka. The political atmosphere in South India shifted from smaller kingdoms to large empires with the ascendancy of Badami Chalukyas. A Southern India-based kingdom took control and consolidated the entire region between the Kaveri and the Narmada rivers. The rise of this empire saw the birth of efficient administration, overseas trade and commerce and the development of new style of architecture called "Chalukyan architecture". The Chalukya dynasty ruled parts of southern and central India from Badami in Karnataka between 550 and 750, and then again from Kalyani between 970 and 1190.

Question: When did the Chalukya Empire rule?
Answer: 6th and the 12th centuries

Question: What portion of India did the Chalukya Empire rule?
Answer: southern and central

Question: What style of architecture developed during the Chaluka reigns? 
Answer: Chalukyan architecture

Question: When did the Chalukyans rule from Badami?
Answer: 550 and 750

Question: When was the second reign of Chalukyans?
Answer: 970 and 1190
Medieval Cholas rose to prominence during the middle of the 9th century C.E. and established the greatest empire South India had seen. They successfully united the South India under their rule and through their naval strength extended their influence in the Southeast Asian countries such as Srivijaya. Under Rajaraja Chola I and his successors Rajendra Chola I, Rajadhiraja Chola, Virarajendra Chola and Kulothunga Chola I the dynasty became a military, economic and cultural power in South Asia and South-East Asia. Rajendra Chola I's navies went even further, occupying the sea coasts from Burma to Vietnam, the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, the Lakshadweep (Laccadive) islands, Sumatra, and the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia and the Pegu islands. The power of the new empire was proclaimed to the eastern world by the expedition to the Ganges which Rajendra Chola I undertook and by the occupation of cities of the maritime empire of Srivijaya in Southeast Asia, as well as by the repeated embassies to China. They dominated the political affairs of Sri Lanka for over two centuries through repeated invasions and occupation. They also had continuing trade contacts with the Arabs in the west and with the Chinese empire in the east. Rajaraja Chola I and his equally distinguished son Rajendra Chola I gave political unity to the whole of Southern India and established the Chola Empire as a respected sea power. Under the Cholas, the South India reached new heights of excellence in art, religion and literature. In all of these spheres, the Chola period marked the culmination of movements that had begun in an earlier age under the Pallavas. Monumental architecture in the form of majestic temples and sculpture in stone and bronze reached a finesse never before achieved in India.

Question: What area did the Cholas unite in the 9th century?
Answer: South India

Question: What kind of power did the Chola dynasty become in south India?
Answer: military, economic and cultural

Question: In what area did the Chola Empire establish political unity?
Answer: whole of Southern India

Question: In what type of architecture did the Cholas excel? 
Answer: Monumental

Question: From their contacts and conquests in surrounding sea areas, what did this establish the Chola empire as? 
Answer: sea power
The early Islamic literature indicates that the conquest of India was one of the very early ambitions of the Muslims, though it was recognized as a particularly difficult one. After conquering Persia, the Arab Umayyad Caliphate incorporated parts of what are now Afghanistan and Pakistan around 720. The book Chach Nama chronicles the Chacha Dynasty's period, following the demise of the Rai Dynasty and the ascent of Chach of Alor to the throne, down to the Arab conquest by Muhammad bin Qasim in the early 8th century AD, by defeating the last Hindu monarch of Sindh, Raja Dahir.

Question: What group wanted to conquer India from earliest times?
Answer: Muslims

Question: What empire took over parts of Afghanistan and Pakistan in 720?
Answer: Arab Umayyad Caliphate

Question: Who was the final Hindu monarch of Sindh?
Answer: Raja Dahir

Question: What Arab leader completed the early ambitions of Arabs by conquering parts of northern India?
Answer: Muhammad bin Qasim

Question: How did the early Muslims view the possibility of conquering India? 
Answer: difficult
Several Islamic kingdoms (sultanates) under both foreign and, newly converted, Rajput rulers were established across the north western subcontinent (Afghanistan and Pakistan) over a period of a few centuries. From the 10th century, Sindh was ruled by the Rajput Soomra dynasty, and later, in the mid-13th century by the Rajput Samma dynasty. Additionally, Muslim trading communities flourished throughout coastal south India, particularly on the western coast where Muslim traders arrived in small numbers, mainly from the Arabian peninsula. This marked the introduction of a third Abrahamic Middle Eastern religion, following Judaism and Christianity, often in puritanical form. Mahmud of Ghazni in the early 11th century raided mainly the north-western parts of the Indian sub-continent 17 times, but he did not seek to establish "permanent dominion" in those areas.

Question: In what areas of India were Islamic kingdoms formed over a period of centuries?
Answer: Afghanistan and Pakistan

Question: What Muslim endeavors thrived on the coastal areas of south India? 
Answer: trading communities

Question: Which south Indian coast was favored by Muslim traders?
Answer: western coast

Question: From where did the Arab traders come in order to trade on the west coast of India?
Answer: Arabian peninsula

Question: Besides the newly introduced Islamic religion, what other Abrahamic religions were practiced in India?
Answer: Judaism and Christianity
The subsequent Slave dynasty of Delhi managed to conquer large areas of northern India, while the Khilji dynasty conquered most of central India but were ultimately unsuccessful in conquering and uniting the subcontinent. The Sultanate ushered in a period of Indian cultural renaissance. The resulting "Indo-Muslim" fusion of cultures left lasting syncretic monuments in architecture, music, literature, religion, and clothing. It is surmised that the language of Urdu (literally meaning "horde" or "camp" in various Turkic dialects) was born during the Delhi Sultanate period as a result of the intermingling of the local speakers of Sanskritic Prakrits with immigrants speaking Persian, Turkic, and Arabic under the Muslim rulers. The Delhi Sultanate is the only Indo-Islamic empire to enthrone one of the few female rulers in India, Razia Sultana (1236–1240).

Question: What conquered large areas of northern India?
Answer: Slave dynasty of Delhi

Question: What dynasty captured most of central India?
Answer: Khilji dynasty

Question: What language was created during the Delhi Sultanate? 
Answer: Urdu

Question: Who was the only female sultana to be enthroned in a Indo-Islamic empire?
Answer: Razia Sultana

Question: By what is the fusion of Islamic and Indian cultures called?
Answer: Indo-Muslim
The Empire was established in 1336 by Harihara I and his brother Bukka Raya I of Sangama Dynasty. The empire rose to prominence as a culmination of attempts by the southern powers to ward off Islamic invasions by the end of the 13th century. The empire is named after its capital city of Vijayanagara, whose ruins surround present day Hampi, now a World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India. The empire's legacy includes many monuments spread over South India, the best known of which is the group at Hampi. The previous temple building traditions in South India came together in the Vijayanagara Architecture style. The mingling of all faiths and vernaculars inspired architectural innovation of Hindu temple construction, first in the Deccan and later in the Dravidian idioms using the local granite. South Indian mathematics flourished under the protection of the Vijayanagara Empire in Kerala. The south Indian mathematician Madhava of Sangamagrama founded the famous Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics in the 14th century which produced a lot of great south Indian mathematicians like Parameshvara, Nilakantha Somayaji and Jyeṣṭhadeva in medieval south India. Efficient administration and vigorous overseas trade brought new technologies such as water management systems for irrigation. The empire's patronage enabled fine arts and literature to reach new heights in Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Sanskrit, while Carnatic music evolved into its current form. The Vijayanagara Empire created an epoch in South Indian history that transcended regionalism by promoting Hinduism as a unifying factor. The empire reached its peak during the rule of Sri Krishnadevaraya when Vijayanagara armies were consistently victorious. The empire annexed areas formerly under the Sultanates in the northern Deccan and the territories in the eastern Deccan, including Kalinga, while simultaneously maintaining control over all its subordinates in the south. Many important monuments were either completed or commissioned during the time of Krishna Deva Raya. Vijayanagara went into decline after the defeat in the Battle of Talikota (1565).

Question: In what year was Sangama Dynasty formed?
Answer: 1336

Question: At what location are the best known monuments in the south of India?
Answer: Hampi

Question: What mathematician founded the Kerala school of astronomy? 
Answer: Madhava of Sangamagrama

Question: When was the Kerala school established?
Answer: 14th century

Question: What did the Vijayanagara Empire promote to unify Indian culture?
Answer: Hinduism
The Mughals were perhaps the richest single dynasty to have ever existed. During the Mughal era, the dominant political forces consisted of the Mughal Empire and its tributaries and, later on, the rising successor states – including the Maratha Empire – which fought an increasingly weak Mughal dynasty. The Mughals, while often employing brutal tactics to subjugate their empire, had a policy of integration with Indian culture, which is what made them successful where the short-lived Sultanates of Delhi had failed. This period marked vast social change in the subcontinent as the Hindu majority were ruled over by the Mughal emperors, most of whom showed religious tolerance, liberally patronising Hindu culture. The famous emperor Akbar, who was the grandson of Babar, tried to establish a good relationship with the Hindus. However, later emperors such as Aurangazeb tried to establish complete Muslim dominance, and as a result several historical temples were destroyed during this period and taxes imposed on non-Muslims. Akbar declared "Amari" or non-killing of animals in the holy days of Jainism. He rolled back the jizya tax for non-Muslims. The Mughal emperors married local royalty, allied themselves with local maharajas, and attempted to fuse their Turko-Persian culture with ancient Indian styles, creating a unique Indo-Saracenic architecture. It was the erosion of this tradition coupled with increased brutality and centralization that played a large part in the dynasty's downfall after Aurangzeb, who unlike previous emperors, imposed relatively non-pluralistic policies on the general population, which often inflamed the majority Hindu population.

Question: What was the richest of all the dynasties?
Answer: The Mughals

Question: What policy made the Mughals a successful dynasty? 
Answer: integration with Indian culture

Question: Which Mughal ruler tried to form a good relationship with non-Muslims?
Answer: emperor Akbar

Question: Which Mughal ruler tried to establish complete dominance over the Hindu populace?
Answer: Aurangazeb

Question: With what styles did Mughal Rulers merge their Tuko-Persian culture?
Answer: ancient Indian
The post-Mughal era was dominated by the rise of the Maratha suzerainty as other small regional states (mostly late Mughal tributary states) emerged, and also by the increasing activities of European powers. There is no doubt that the single most important power to emerge in the long twilight of the Mughal dynasty was the Maratha confederacy. The Maratha kingdom was founded and consolidated by Chatrapati Shivaji, a Maratha aristocrat of the Bhonsle clan who was determined to establish Hindavi Swarajya. Sir J.N. Sarkar described Shivaji as "the last great constructive genius and nation builder that the Hindu race has produced". However, the credit for making the Marathas formidable power nationally goes to Peshwa Bajirao I. Historian K.K. Datta wrote about Bajirao I:

Question: The rise of what dynasty followed the era of the Mughals?
Answer: Maratha suzerainty

Question: What founding was of importance in the  decline of the Mughals?
Answer: Maratha confederacy

Question: Who consolidated the Maratha kingdom?
Answer: Chatrapati Shivaji

Question: What did J.N. Sarkar say of Shivaji's nation building?
Answer: great constructive genius

Question: Who made the Marathas a strong power?
Answer: Peshwa Bajirao I
The Punjabi kingdom, ruled by members of the Sikh religion, was a political entity that governed the region of modern-day Punjab. The empire, based around the Punjab region, existed from 1799 to 1849. It was forged, on the foundations of the Khalsa, under the leadership of Maharaja Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) from an array of autonomous Punjabi Misls. He consolidated many parts of northern India into a kingdom. He primarily used his highly disciplined Sikh army that he trained and equipped to be the equal of a European force. Ranjit Singh proved himself to be a master strategist and selected well qualified generals for his army. In stages, he added the central Punjab, the provinces of Multan and Kashmir, the Peshawar Valley, and the Derajat to his kingdom. This came in the face of the powerful British East India Company. At its peak, in the 19th century, the empire extended from the Khyber Pass in the west, to Kashmir in the north, to Sindh in the south, running along Sutlej river to Himachal in the east. This was among the last areas of the subcontinent to be conquered by the British. The first Anglo-Sikh war and second Anglo-Sikh war marked the downfall of the Sikh Empire.

Question: Followers what religion were the rulers of the Punjabi Kingdom?
Answer: Sikh religion

Question: What was the time span of the Punjabi Kingdom?
Answer: 1799 to 1849

Question: Who was the leader of the Punjabis? 
Answer: Maharaja Ranjit Singh

Question: On what was the disciplined force Singh relied? 
Answer: Sikh army

Question: Who finally was able to conquer the Sikh Empire?
Answer: British
Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt.

Question: What was Nasser's father's occupation?
Answer: postal worker

Question: In what city was Nasser raised?
Answer: Alexandria

Question: What year was Nasser born?
Answer: 1918

Question: What does Nasser's brother's name translate to?
Answer: Glory of the Arabs

Question: What siblings did Nasser have?
Answer: two more boys
On 25 January 1952, a confrontation between British forces and police at Ismailia resulted in the deaths of 40 Egyptian policemen, provoking riots in Cairo the next day which left 76 people dead. Afterwards, Nasser published a simple six-point program in Rose al-Yūsuf to dismantle feudalism and British influence in Egypt. In May, Nasser received word that Farouk knew the names of the Free Officers and intended to arrest them; he immediately entrusted Free Officer Zakaria Mohieddin with the task of planning the government takeover by army units loyal to the association.

Question: In what year did riots cause the political situation in Egypt to rapidly deteriorate? 
Answer: 1952

Question: Where did British forces and Egyptian police clash?
Answer: Ismailia

Question: How many people were killed in the Cairo riots?
Answer: 76

Question: Who did Nasser enlist to plan the Free Officer's coup?
Answer: Zakaria Mohieddin

Question: What did Nasser want to end in Egypt?
Answer: feudalism
In January 1956, the new Constitution of Egypt was drafted, entailing the establishment of a single-party system under the National Union (NU), a movement Nasser described as the "cadre through which we will realize our revolution". The NU was a reconfiguration of the Liberation Rally, which Nasser determined had failed in generating mass public participation. In the new movement, Nasser attempted to incorporate more citizens, approved by local-level party committees, in order to solidify popular backing for his government. The NU would select a nominee for the presidential election whose name would be provided for public approval.

Question: In what year did Egypt get a new constitution?
Answer: 1956

Question: What was the political party arrangement of the new constitution?
Answer: single-party system

Question: What was the dominant political party? 
Answer: National Union

Question: From what group did the National Union originate?
Answer: Liberation Rally

Question: Who did Nasser want more involved in his new political order?
Answer: citizens
Nasser's nomination for the post and the new constitution were put to public referendum on 23 June and each was approved by an overwhelming majority. A 350-member National Assembly was established, elections for which were held in July 1957. Nasser had ultimate approval over all the candidates. The constitution granted women's suffrage, prohibited gender-based discrimination, and entailed special protection for women in the workplace. Coinciding with the new constitution and Nasser's presidency, the RCC dissolved itself and its members resigned their military commissions as part of the transition to civilian rule. During the deliberations surrounding the establishment of a new government, Nasser began a process of sidelining his rivals among the original Free Officers, while elevating his closest allies to high-ranking positions in the cabinet.

Question: Who could approve or reject candidates for the National Assembly?
Answer: Nasser

Question: Who received new and special protections in the new constitution?
Answer: women

Question: What group dissolved when the new constitution was enacted?
Answer: RCC

Question: Among the original Free Officers, what did Nasser do to his opponents? 
Answer: sidelining

Question: What did Nasser's allies receive in the new arrangement?
Answer: high-ranking positions in the cabinet
Nasser was informed of the British–American withdrawal via a news statement while aboard a plane returning to Cairo from Belgrade, and took great offense. Although ideas for nationalizing the Suez Canal were in the offing after the UK agreed to withdraw its military from Egypt in 1954 (the last British troops left on 13 June 1956), journalist Mohamed Hassanein Heikal asserts that Nasser made the final decision to nationalize the waterway between 19 and 20 July. Nasser himself would later state that he decided on 23 July, after studying the issue and deliberating with some of his advisers from the dissolved RCC, namely Boghdadi and technical specialist Mahmoud Younis, beginning on 21 July. The rest of the RCC's former members were informed of the decision on 24 July, while the bulk of the cabinet was unaware of the nationalization scheme until hours before Nasser publicly announced it. According to Ramadan, Nasser's decision to nationalize the canal was a solitary decision, taken without consultation.

Question: How did Nasser react to the news the the US and UK had blocked construction of th Aswan Dam?
Answer: took great offense

Question: What piece of infrastructure did Nasser propose to nationalize? 
Answer: Suez Canal

Question: What was Nasser's cabinet's knowledge of the nationalization scheme before Nasser announced it?
Answer: unaware

Question: When did the last British troops leave Egypt?
Answer: 1956
A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties. Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in Egypt, and Sabri al-Asali and Akram al-Hawrani in Syria. Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with Nikita Khrushchev. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries.

Question: How many members were in the National Assembly?
Answer: 600

Question: How many members of the National Assembly were from Egypt?
Answer: 400

Question: What Soviet leader did Nasser spar with?
Answer: Khrushchev

Question: What did Khrushchev want Nasser to remove the ban on?
Answer: Communist Party

Question: Who were the two National Assembly vice-presidents in Egypt?
Answer: Boghdadi and Amer
American political scientist Mark Cooper asserted that Nasser's charisma and his direct relationship with the Egyptian people "rendered intermediaries (organizations and individuals) unnecessary". He opined that Nasser's legacy was a "guarantee of instability" due to Nasser's reliance on personal power and the absence of strong political institutions under his rule. Historian Abd al-Azim Ramadan wrote that Nasser was an irrational and irresponsible leader, blaming his inclination to solitary decision-making for Egypt's losses during the Suez War, among other events. Miles Copeland, Jr. , once described as Nasser's closest Western adviser, said that the barriers between Nasser and the outside world have grown so thick that all but the information that attest to his infallibility, indispensability, and immortality has been filtered out.

Question: What did Nasser's political style render unnecessary?
Answer: intermediaries

Question: What was needed under Nasser, the absence of which guaranteed instability?
Answer: strong political institutions

Question: Who called Nasser an irrational and irresponsible leader?
Answer: Abd al-Azim Ramadan

Question: Who was Nasser's closest Western advisor?
Answer: Miles Copeland, Jr
Pope Saint John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII) born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,[a] Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice.

Question: What was Pope Saint John XXIII's birth name?
Answer: Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli

Question: When was Pope Saint John XXIII born?
Answer: 25 November 1881

Question: When did Pope Saint XXIII die?
Answer: 3 June 1963

Question: How long did he reign as Pope?
Answer: 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963

Question: When was he ordained to the priesthood?
Answer: 10 August 1904
While the Big Bang model is well established in cosmology, it is likely to be refined in the future. Little is known about the earliest moments of the universe's history. The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of cosmic time. However, these theorems assume that general relativity is correct, but general relativity must break down before the universe reaches the Planck temperature, and a correct treatment of quantum gravity may avoid the singularity.

Question: The Big Bang model is solidly established in what?
Answer: cosmology

Question: How much is known about the early states of the universe?
Answer: i

Question: Which theorems require the existence of a singularity at the beginning of time?
Answer: The Penrose–Hawking singularity theorems

Question: These theorems have to assume what theory is correct?
Answer: general relativity

Question: These theorems state that general relatively must break down before what?
Answer: before the universe reaches the Planck temperature
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the central bank for the euro and administers monetary policy of the Eurozone, which consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world. It is one of the world's most important central banks and is one of the seven institutions of the European Union (EU) listed in the Treaty on European Union (TEU). The capital stock of the bank is owned by the central banks of all 28 EU member states.[dated info] The Treaty of Amsterdam established the bank in 1998, and it is headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany. As of 2015[update] the President of the ECB is Mario Draghi, former governor of the Bank of Italy, former member of the World Bank, and former managing director of the Goldman Sachs international division (2002–2005). The bank primarily occupied the Eurotower prior to, and during, the construction of the new headquarters.

Question: What former managing director od Goldman Sachs international division is president of The European Central Bank?
Answer: Mario Draghi

Question: What is the official, central bank for the euro?
Answer: The European Central Bank

Question: What is the Eurozone?
Answer: consists of 19 EU member states and is one of the largest currency areas in the world

Question: Who owns the capital stock of The European Central Bank?
Answer: the central banks of all 28 EU member states

Question: What established The European Central Bank?
Answer: The Treaty of Amsterdam
The banks in effect borrow cash and must pay it back; the short durations allow interest rates to be adjusted continually. When the repo notes come due the participating banks bid again. An increase in the quantity of notes offered at auction allows an increase in liquidity in the economy. A decrease has the contrary effect. The contracts are carried on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet and the resulting deposits in member banks are carried as a liability. In layman terms, the liability of the central bank is money, and an increase in deposits in member banks, carried as a liability by the central bank, means that more money has been put into the economy.[a]

Question: What happens when a lot of repo notes come due?
Answer: increase in liquidity in the economy

Question: What happens whe not as many repo notes are coming due?
Answer: contrary effect

Question: What happens when members increase their deposits?
Answer: more money has been put into the economy

Question: What is a good way to boost the economy?
Answer: increase in deposits in member banks

Question: Where are contracts recorded?
Answer: on the asset side of the European Central Bank's balance sheet
There is also a widespread view[vague][who?] that giving much more financial support to continuously cover the debt crisis or allow even higher budget deficits or debt levels would discourage the crisis states to implement necessary reforms to regain their competitiveness.[citation needed] There has also been a reluctance[citation needed] of financially stable eurozone states like Germany[citation needed] to further circumvent the no-bailout clause in the EU contracts and to generally take on the burden of financing or guaranteeing the debts of financially unstable or defaulting eurozone countries.[citation needed]

Question: Which countries didn't want to go around the bail-out clause and have to shoulder the burden of backing the defaulters debts.
Answer: financially stable eurozone states like Germany

Question: What do most see raising the debt celing as doing?
Answer: discourage the crisis states to implement necessary reforms to regain their competitiveness

Question: What could keep the crisis states from trying to stand on their own?
Answer: giving much more financial support to continuously cover the debt crisis or allow even higher budget deficits or debt levels
Think-tanks such as the World Pensions Council have also argued that European legislators have pushed somewhat dogmatically for the adoption of the Basel II recommendations, adopted in 2005, transposed in European Union law through the Capital Requirements Directive (CRD), effective since 2008. In essence, they forced European banks, and, more importantly, the European Central Bank itself e.g. when gauging the solvency of financial institutions, to rely more than ever on standardised assessments of credit risk marketed by two non-European private agencies: Moody's and S&P.

Question: Which agencies have became the authority on assessing the risk of financial institutions?
Answer: Moody's and S&P

Question: When was Basel II adopted?
Answer: 2005

Question: What said that agencies had to start using Moody's and S&P to assess financial institutions?
Answer: the Basel II recommendations

Question: Since when have the Basel II recommendations been in effect?
Answer: 2008
St. John's is one of the oldest settlements in North America, with year-round settlement beginning sometime after 1630 and seasonal habitation long before that. It is not, however, the oldest surviving English settlement in North America or Canada, having been preceded by the Cuper's Cove colony at Cupids, founded in 1610, and the Bristol's Hope colony at Harbour Grace, founded in 1618. In fact, although English fishermen had begun setting up seasonal camps in Newfoundland in the 16th Century, they were expressly forbidden by the British government, at the urging of the West Country fishing industry, from establishing permanent settlements along the English controlled coast, hence the town of St. John's was not established as a permanent community until after the 1630s at the earliest. Other permanent English settlements in the Americas that predate St. John's include: St. George's, Bermuda (1612) and Jamestown, Virginia (1607).

Question: Which city is considered one of the oldest settlements in North America?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Around what year did settlement begin to occur in St. John's?
Answer: 1630

Question: When was Cuper's Cove colony founded?
Answer: 1610

Question:  What year was Bristol's Hope colony founded?
Answer: 1618

Question: Who forbade the  english fisherman to setup seasonal camps in Newfoundland?
Answer: British government
By 1620, the fishermen of England's West Country controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast. In 1627, William Payne, called St. John's "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country". The population grew slowly in the 17th century and St. John's was the largest settlement in Newfoundland when English naval officers began to take censuses around 1675. The population would grow in the summers with the arrival of migratory fishermen. In 1680, fishing ships (mostly from South Devon) set up fishing rooms at St. John's, bringing hundreds of Irish men into the port to operate inshore fishing boats.

Question: Who referred St. John's as St. "the principal prime and chief lot in all the whole country" ? 
Answer: William Payne

Question: When did censuses start being conducted in St. John's?
Answer: 1675

Question: When did Irish men begin to operate inshore fishing boats in St. John's?
Answer: 1680

Question: What grew during the summers in St. John's?
Answer: population

Question: Who controlled most of Newfoundland's east coast by 1620?
Answer: fishermen
St. John's was the starting point for the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight, by Alcock and Brown in a modified Vickers Vimy IV bomber, in June 1919, departing from Lester's Field in St. John's and ending in a bog near Clifden, Connemara, Ireland. In July 2005, the flight was duplicated by American aviator and adventurer Steve Fossett in a replica Vickers Vimy aircraft, with St. John's International Airport substituting for Lester's Field (now an urban and residential part of the city).

Question: Who flew the first non-stop transatlantic aircraft flight?
Answer: Alcock and Brown

Question: What aircraft did Alcock and Brown use in 1919 for their flight? 
Answer: Vickers Vimy IV bomber

Question: Where in St. John's did Alcock and Brown depart from in June 1919?
Answer: Lester's Field

Question: Who duplicated Alcock and Brown flight in 2005?
Answer: Steve Fossett

Question: What aircraft did Steve Fossett use for his flight in July 2005?
Answer: replica Vickers Vimy
The LSPU Hall is home to the Resource Centre for the Arts. The "Hall" hosts a vibrant and diverse arts community and is regarded as the backbone of artistic infrastructure and development in the downtown. The careers of many well-known Newfoundland artists were launched there including Rick Mercer, Mary Walsh, Cathy Jones, Andy Jones and Greg Thomey. The St. John's Arts and Culture Centre houses an art gallery, libraries and a 1000-seat theatre, which is the city's major venue for entertainment productions.

Question: Where is the Resource Centre for the Arts?
Answer: The LSPU Hall

Question: How many seats does the St. John's Arts and Culture theatre have?
Answer: 1000

Question: Where in the city is the LSPU Hall?
Answer: downtown

Question: Where is Rick Mercer from?
Answer: Newfoundland
Signal Hill is a hill which overlooks the city of St. John's. It is the location of Cabot Tower which was built in 1897 to commemorate the 400th anniversary of John Cabot's discovery of Newfoundland, and Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The first transatlantic wireless transmission was received here by Guglielmo Marconi on 12 December 1901. Today, Signal Hill is a National Historic Site of Canada and remains incredibly popular amongst tourists and locals alike; 97% of all tourists to St. John's visit Signal Hill. Amongst its popular attractions are the Signal Hill Tattoo, showcasing the Royal Newfoundland Regiment of foot, c. 1795, and the North Head Trail which grants an impressive view of the Atlantic Ocean and the surrounding coast.

Question: What city does Signal Hill overlook?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Where exactly is Cabot Tower located in St. John' ?
Answer: Signal Hill

Question: What year was Cabot Tower built?
Answer: 1897

Question: In what year was Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee?
Answer: 1897

Question:  Who recieved the first transatlantic wireless transmission?
Answer: Guglielmo Marconi
In December 2008, the CTO of Blitz Games announced that it would bring stereoscopic 3D gaming and movie viewing to Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 with its own technology. This was first demonstrated publicly on PS3 using Sony's own technology in January 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show. Journalists were shown Wipeout HD and Gran Turismo 5 Prologue in 3D as a demonstration of how the technology might work if it is implemented in the future. Firmware update 3.30 officially allowed PS3 titles to be played in 3D, requiring a compatible display for use. System software update 3.50 prepared it for 3D films. While the game itself must be programmed to take advantage of the 3D technology, titles may be patched to add in the functionality retroactively. Titles with such patches include Wipeout HD, Pain, and Super Stardust HD.

Question: What company said it would bring 3D technology to the PS3?
Answer: Blitz Games

Question: Along with Wipeout HD, what game did the press view in 3D in early 2009?
Answer: Gran Turismo 5 Prologue

Question: What version of firmware update gave the PlayStation 3 its 3D capability? 
Answer: 3.30

Question: What word describes what happens to a game when is edited to add functions not originally programmed?
Answer: patched

Question: What was the PS3 console able to play after the system software was updated to 3.50?
Answer: 3D films
Critical and commercial reception to PS3 improved over time, after a series of price revisions, Blu-ray's victory over HD DVD, and the release of several well received titles. Ars Technica's original launch review gave PS3 only a 6/10, but second review of the console in June 2008 rated it a 9/10. In September 2009, IGN named PlayStation 3 the 15th best gaming console of all time, behind both of its competitors: Wii (10th) and Xbox 360 (6th). However, PS3 has won IGN's "Console Showdown"—based on which console offers the best selection of games released during each year—in three of the four years since it began (2008, 2009 and 2011, with Xbox winning in 2010). IGN judged PlayStation 3 to have the best game line-up of 2008, based on their review scores in comparison to those of Wii and Xbox 360. In a comparison piece by PC mag's Will Greenwald in June 2012, PS3 was selected as an overall better console compared to Xbox 360. Pocket-lint said of the console "The PS3 has always been a brilliant games console," and that "For now, this is just about the best media device for the money."

Question: What rating did Ars Technica initially give PlayStation 3?
Answer: 6/10

Question: What PS3 competitor won IGN's "Console Showdown" in 2010?
Answer: Xbox

Question: What PC Mag. staffer picked PS3 over Xbox in June, 2012? 
Answer: Will Greenwald

Question: Which publication called the PlayStation 3 "a brilliant games console"?
Answer: Pocket-lint

Question: Where did IGN place the PS3 on their 2009 list of the best video game consoles ever?
Answer: 15th
Despite the initial negative press, several websites have given the system very good reviews mostly regarding its hardware. CNET United Kingdom praised the system saying, "the PS3 is a versatile and impressive piece of home-entertainment equipment that lives up to the hype [...] the PS3 is well worth its hefty price tag." CNET awarded it a score of 8.8 out of 10 and voted it as its number one "must-have" gadget, praising its robust graphical capabilities and stylish exterior design while criticizing its limited selection of available games. In addition, both Home Theater Magazine and Ultimate AV have given the system's Blu-ray playback very favorable reviews, stating that the quality of playback exceeds that of many current standalone Blu-ray Disc players.

Question: What score did CNET give the PS3 out of ten?
Answer: 8.8

Question: What PlayStation 3 feature did Home Theater Magazine most like about PS3?
Answer: Blu-ray playback

Question: Have reviews praised the PS3's hardware of software more frequently?
Answer: hardware

Question: What other reviewer agreed with Home Theater Magazine's assessment of the PS3's Blu-ray player?
Answer: Ultimate AV

Question: What website said the PlayStation 3 "lives up to the hype"? 
Answer: CNET United Kingdom