meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
Beginning in August, the competition proceeds as a knockout tournament throughout, consisting of twelve rounds, a semi-final and then a final, in May. A system of byes ensures clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages. There is no seeding, the fixtures in each round being determined by a random draw. Prior to the semi-finals, fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only. The first six rounds are qualifiers, with the draws organised on a regional basis. The next six rounds are the "proper" rounds where all clubs are in one draw.

Question: When is the final?
Answer: May

Question: When do clubs above 9 enter? 
Answer: clubs above Level 9 and 10 enter the competition at later stages

Question: Is there seeding?
Answer: There is no seeding,

Question: What happens in the event of a tie?
Answer: fixtures ending in a tie are replayed once only

Question: What are the first 6 rounds? 
Answer: The first six rounds are qualifiers
The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May. The only seasons in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000, when most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment, and 2010–11 and 2012–13 when the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final, as well as in 2011–12 to allow England time to prepare for that summer's European Championships.

Question: When does the final take place? 
Answer: The final is normally held the Saturday after the Premier League season finishes in May.

Question: Was there a time this was not the case? 
Answer: in recent times when this pattern was not followed were 1999–2000

Question: Why was that? 
Answer: most rounds were played a few weeks earlier than normal as an experiment

Question: Did that ever happen again? 
Answer: 2010–11 and 2012–13

Question: What happened during those years? 
Answer: the FA Cup Final was played before the Premier League season had finished, to allow Wembley Stadium to be ready for the UEFA Champions League final
The semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since 2008, one year after it opened and after it had already hosted a final (in 2007). For the first decade of the competition, the Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue. In the period between this first decade and the reopening of Wembley, semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England; usually the home grounds of teams not involved in that semi-final, chosen to be roughly equidistant between the two teams for fairness of travel. The top three most used venues in this period were Villa Park in Birmingham (55 times), Hillsborough in Sheffield (34 times) and Old Trafford in Manchester (23 times). The original Wembley Stadium was also used seven times for semi-final, between 1991 and 2000 (the last held there), but not always for fixtures featuring London teams. In 2005, both were held at the Millennium Stadium.

Question: Where are the semi finals played?
Answer: e semi-finals have been played exclusively at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium

Question: Is there a name for the specific venue? 
Answer: Kennington Oval was used as the semi-final venue

Question: Where did the semi finals take place before then? 
Answer: semi-finals were played at high-capacity neutral venues around England

Question: What was the top most used venue?
Answer: Villa Park in Birmingham (55 times)

Question: Where was the cup held in 2005?
Answer: In 2005, both were held at the Millennium Stadium.
In 2003 the FA took the decision to permanently use the new Wembley for semi-finals to recoup debts in financing the new stadium. This was controversial, with the move seen as both unfair to fans of teams located far from London, as well as taking some of the prestige away from a Wembley final. In defending the move, the FA has also cited the extra capacity Wembley offers, although the 2013 fixture between Millwall and Wigan led to the unprecedented step of placing 6,000 tickets on sale to neutral fans after the game failed to sell out. A fan poll by The Guardian in 2013 found 86% opposition to Wembley semi-finals.

Question: Where is the FA cup held today?
Answer: In 2003 the FA took the decision to permanently use the new Wembley for semi-finals

Question: Why is it held at Webly Stadium? 
Answer: to recoup debts in financing the new stadium.

Question: Do the people of London agree with this action?
Answer: the move seen as both unfair to fans of teams located far from London

Question: Has the game ever fail to sell out? 
Answer: the 2013 fixture between Millwall and Wigan led to the unprecedented step of placing 6,000 tickets on sale to neutral fans after the game failed to sell out.

Question: Do people oppose of using the new Webly Stadium?
Answer: 86% opposition to Wembley semi-finals.
The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium since it opened, in 2007. The rebuilding process meant that between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff in Wales. Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium since it opened in 1923 (being originally named the Empire Stadium). One exception to this 78 year series of Empire Stadium finals (including five replays) was the 1970 replay between Leeds and Chelsea, held at Old Trafford in Manchester.

Question: Where is the final played now? 
Answer: The final has been played at the rebuilt Wembley Stadium

Question: When did this stadium open? 
Answer: it opened, in 2007.

Question: Where was the FA cup held while this stadium was built? 
Answer: between 2001 and 2006 they were hosted at the Millennium Stadium

Question: Where is Millennium Stadium located? 
Answer: Cardiff in Wales

Question: Was it always held in Millennium Stadium? 
Answer: Prior to rebuilding, the final was hosted by the original Wembley Stadium
In the 51 years prior to the Empire Stadium opening, the final (including 8 replays) was held in a variety of locations, predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace. It was played 22 times in the Oval (the inaugural competition in 1872, and then all but two times until 1892). After the Oval, Crystal Palace hosted 21 finals from 1895 to 1914, broken up by 4 four replays elsewhere. The other London venues were Stamford Bridge from 1920 to 1922 (the last three finals before the move to Empire Stadium); and Oxford University's Lillie Bridge in Fulham for the second ever final, in 1873. The other venues used sparingly in this period were all outside of London, as follows:

Question: Where do the majority of FA cup finals take place? 
Answer: predominantly in London, and mainly at the Kennington Oval and then Crystal Palace.

Question: How many times was the FA cup playing in the Oval ?
Answer: . It was played 22 times in the Oval

Question: What was the first year the Oval hosted the FA cup? 
Answer: 1872

Question: How many times has Crystal Palce hosted the FA cup? 
Answer: 21

Question: How many replays took place at the Oval? 
Answer: 8 replays
The FA permitted artificial turf (3G) pitches in all rounds of the competition from the 2014–15 edition and beyond. Under the 2015-16 rules, the pitch must be of FIFA One Star quality, or Two Star for ties if they involve one of the 92 professional clubs. This followed approval two years previously for their use in the qualifying rounds only - if a team with a 3G pitch progressed to the competition proper, they had to switch their tie to the ground of another eligible entrant with a natural grass pitch. Having been strong proponents of the surface, the first match in the proper rounds to be played on a 3G surface was a televised first round replay at Maidstone United's Gallagher Stadium on 20 November 2015.

Question: Is the use of artificial turf allowed? 
Answer: The FA permitted artificial turf (3G) pitches in all rounds of the competition from the 2014–15 edition and beyond.

Question: What is the required quality of the pitch? 
Answer: the pitch must be of FIFA One Star quality, or Two Star for ties if they involve one of the 92 professional clubs.

Question: How many professional clubs are there? 
Answer: 92

Question: What happens if the pitch is not up to par? 
Answer: they had to switch their tie to the ground of another eligible entrant with a natural grass pitch.

Question: Where was the first #G surface game played? 
Answer: first match in the proper rounds to be played on a 3G surface was a televised first round replay at Maidstone United's Gallagher Stadium on 20 November 2015.
The trophy comes in three parts - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base. There have been two designs of trophy in use, but five physical trophies have been presented. The original trophy, known as the "little tin idol", was 18 inches high and made by Martin, Hall & Co. It was stolen in 1895 and never recovered, and so was replaced by an exact replica, used until 1910. The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica, leading the FA to realise they did not own the copyright. This new, larger design was by Messers Fattorini and Sons, and was used from 1911. In order to preserve this original, from 1992 it was replaced by an exact replica, although this had to be replaced after just over two decades, after showing wear and tear from being handled more than in previous eras. This third replica, first used in 2014, was built heavier to withstand the increased handling. Of the four surviving trophies, only the 1895 replica has entered private ownership.

Question: How many parts does the trophy come in? 
Answer: The trophy comes in three parts

Question: What is the  parts of the trophy? 
Answer: - the cup itself, plus a lid and a base

Question: How many trophy designs have there bee? 
Answer: There have been two designs of trophy in use

Question: How many physical trophies have been presented? 
Answer: five physical trophies have been presented

Question: When was the first design changed? 
Answer: . The FA decided to change the design after the 1909 winners, Manchester United, made their own replica,
The name of the winning team is engraved on the silver band around the base as soon as the final has finished, in order to be ready in time for the presentation ceremony. This means the engraver has just five minutes to perform a task which would take twenty under normal conditions, although time is saved by engraving the year on during the match, and sketching the presumed winner. During the final, the trophy wears is decorated with ribbons in the colours of both finalists, with the loser's ribbons being removed at the end of the game. Traditionally, at Wembley finals, the presentation is made at the Royal Box, with players, led by the captain, mounting a staircase to a gangway in front of the box and returning by a second staircase on the other side of the box. At Cardiff the presentation was made on a podium on the pitch.

Question: Is the cup engraved for the winner? 
Answer: The name of the winning team is engraved on the silver band around the base

Question: When does the engraving take place? 
Answer: as soon as the final has finished, in order to be ready in time for the presentation ceremony.

Question: how long does the engraved have from start to finish? 
Answer: the engraver has just five minutes to perform a task which would take twenty under normal conditions,

Question: Is the trophy decorated? 
Answer: the trophy wears is decorated with ribbons in the colours of both finalists, with the loser's ribbons being removed at the end of the game.

Question: Where is he cup presentation made? 
Answer: , the presentation is made at the Royal Box
The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final; after the first final in 1872 the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later in the Pall Mall Restaurant in London. Under the original rules, the trophy was to be permanently presented to any club which won the competition three times, although when inaugural winners Wanderers achieved this feat by the 1876 final, the rules were changed by FA Secretary CW Alcock (who was also captain of Wanderers in their first victory).

Question: When did people start presenting the trophy after the game? 
Answer: The tradition of presenting the trophy immediately after the game did not start until the 1882 final

Question: when was the first trophy presented? 
Answer: the trophy was not presented to the winners, Wanderers, until a reception held four weeks later

Question: Where was the first trophy presented? 
Answer: the Pall Mall Restaurant in London

Question: What happens to multiple cup winners? 
Answer: the trophy was to be permanently presented to any club which won the competition three times,

Question: Did that ever happen? 
Answer: inaugural winners Wanderers achieved this feat by the 1876 final
Almost 60 years later, 80 year old career criminal Henry (Harry) James Burge claimed to have committed the theft, confessing to a newspaper, with the story being published in the Sunday Pictorial newspaper on 23 February 1958. He claimed to have carried out the robbery with two other men, although when discrepancies with a contemporaneous report in the Birmingham Post newspaper (the crime pre-dated written police reports) in his account of the means of entry and other items stolen, detectives decided there was no realistic possibility of a conviction and the case was closed. Burge claimed the cup had been melted down to make counterfeit half-crown coins, which matched known intelligence of the time, in which stolen silver was being used to forge coins which were then laundered through betting shops at a local racecourse, although Burge had no past history of forgery in a record of 42 previous convictions for which he had spent 42 years in prison. He had been further imprisoned in 1957 for seven years for theft from cars. Released in 1961, he died in 1964.

Question: How claims to have stolen the FA cup? 
Answer: 80 year old career criminal Henry (Harry) James Burge claimed to have committed the theft

Question: Did he act alone? 
Answer: He claimed to have carried out the robbery with two other men

Question: How long go did this crime take place? 
Answer: 60 years

Question: What did Burge do with the cup? 
Answer: the cup had been melted down to make counterfeit half-crown coins

Question: What did they do with those coins? 
Answer: stolen silver was being used to forge coins which were then laundered through betting shops at a local racecourse
After being rendered obsolete by the redesign, the 1895 replica was presented in 1910 to the FA's long-serving president Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923, and his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005. It was duly sold at Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes). The sale price set a new world record for a piece of football memorabilia, surpassing the £254,000 paid for the Jules Rimet World Cup Trophy in 1997. The successful bidder was David Gold, the then joint chairman of Birmingham City; claiming the FA and government were doing nothing proactive to ensure the trophy remained in the country, Gold stated his purchase was motivated by wanting to save it for the nation. Accordingly, Gold presented the trophy to the National Football Museum in Preston on 20 April 2006, where it went on immediate public display. It later moved with the museum to its new location in Manchester. In November 2012, it was ceremonially presented to Royal Engineers, after they beat Wanderers 7–1 in a charity replay of the first FA Cup final.

Question: Who was the long-serving president of the FA cup?
Answer: Lord Kinnaird

Question: What year did Lord Kinnard die? 
Answer: Lord Kinnaird. Kinnaird died in 1923,

Question: Was the cup lost during that time? 
Answer: his family kept it in their possession, out of view, until putting it up for auction in 2005

Question: Where did it sell? 
Answer: Christie's auction house on 19 May 2005 for £420,000 (£478,400 including auction fees and taxes)

Question: Who won the bid? 
Answer: David Gold
Since the start of the 1994–95 season, the FA Cup has been sponsored. However, to protect the identity of the competition, the sponsored name has always included 'The FA Cup' in addition to the sponsor's name, unlike sponsorship deals for the League Cup where the word 'cup' is preceded by only the sponsor's name. Sponsorship deals run for four years, though – as in the case of E.ON – one-year extensions may be agreed. Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018, renaming the competition as 'The Emirates FA Cup', unlike previous editions, which included 'The FA Cup in association with E.ON' and 'The FA Cup with Budweiser'.

Question: is the Fa cup sponsered? 
Answer: Since the start of the 1994–95 season, the FA Cup has been sponsored.

Question: How long does the sponsor remain? 
Answer: Sponsorship deals run for four years

Question: Can they extend their deal? 
Answer: one-year extensions may be agreed

Question: Who is the current sponsor? 
Answer: Emirates airline is the sponsor from 2015 to 2018

Question: What is the competition called now? 
Answer: The Emirates FA Cup
The possibility of unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public, and is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition, alongside that gained by teams winning the competition. Almost every club in the League Pyramid has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history. It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top Premier League team suffers an upset defeat, or where the giant-killer is a non-league club, i.e. from outside the professional levels of The Football League.

Question: Do people look forward to Cinderella matches? 
Answer: where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition, known as "giant killings", is much anticipated by the public

Question: What do people think about giant killers? 
Answer: is considered an integral part of the tradition and prestige of the competition

Question: Does giant killing happen often? 
Answer: Almost every club in the League Pyramid has a fondly remembered giant-killing act in its history

Question: Does the media showcase giant killers? 
Answer: . It is considered particularly newsworthy when a top Premier League team suffers an upset defeat, or where the giant-killer is a non-league club

Question: What is a giant killer? 
Answer: unlikely victories in the earlier rounds of the competition, where lower ranked teams beat higher placed opposition
The Football League was founded in 1888, 16 years after the first FA Cup competition. Since the creation of The Football League, Tottenham Hotspur is the only non-league "giant-killer" to win the Cup, taking the 1901 FA Cup with a victory over reigning league runners-up Sheffield United: although at that time, there were only two divisions and 36 clubs in the Football League, and Spurs were champions of the next lowest football tier - the Southern League and probably already good enough for the First Division (as was shown when they joined the Second Division in 1908 and immediately won promotion to the First.) Only two other actual non-League clubs have even reached the final since the founding of the League: Sheffield Wednesday in 1890 (champions of the Football Alliance, a rival league which was already effectively the Second Division, which it formally became in 1892 – Wednesday being let straight into the First Division), and Southampton in 1900 and 1902 (in which years they were also Southern League champions, proving the strength of that league: again, they were probably of equivalent standard to a First Division club at the time, but Southampton's form subsequently faded and they did not join the League till 1920 and the formation of the Third Division.)

Question: When was the football league founded? 
Answer: The Football League was founded in 1888

Question: Who is the only non league giant killer to win a cup?
Answer: Tottenham Hotspur is the only non-league "giant-killer" to win the Cup

Question: What year did they win the cup? 
Answer: 1901

Question: Who did they delete for the cup? 
Answer: Sheffield United

Question: How many clubs where in the football league? 
Answer: 36 clubs in the Football League
Chasetown, whilst playing at Level 8 of English football during the 2007–08 competition, are the lowest-ranked team to play in the Third Round Proper (final 64, of 731 teams entered that season). Chasetown was then a member of the Southern League Division One Midlands (a lower level within the Southern Football League), when they lost to Football League Championship (Level 2) team Cardiff City, the eventual FA Cup runners-up that year. Their success earned the lowly organisation over £60,000 in prize money.

Question: Who is the lowest rank to play in the  third round proper?
Answer: Chasetown

Question: What level where they? 
Answer: playing at Level 8 of English football

Question: How many teams competed that year? 
Answer: 731 teams entered that season

Question: What place did Chasetown come in?
Answer: final 64

Question: What FA cup season did this take place in? 
Answer: 2007–08 competition
Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double, namely Preston North End (1889), Aston Villa (1897), Tottenham Hotspur (1961), Arsenal (1971, 1998, 2002), Liverpool (1986), Manchester United (1994, 1996, 1999) and Chelsea (2010). In 1993, Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the League Cup in the same season when they beat Sheffield Wednesday 2–1 in both finals. Liverpool (in 2001) and Chelsea (in 2007) have since repeated this feat. In 2012, Chelsea accomplished a different cup double consisting of the FA Cup and the 2012 Champions League. In 1998–99, Manchester United added the 1999 Champions League title to their league and cup double to complete a unique Treble. Two years later, in 2000–01, Liverpool won the FA Cup, League Cup and UEFA Cup to complete a cup treble. An English Treble has never been achieved.

Question: How many clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double? 
Answer: Seven clubs have won the FA Cup as part of a League and Cup double

Question: Who was the first clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double? 
Answer: Preston North End (1889)

Question: Who was the latest clubs have won the fa cup as part of a league cup double? 
Answer: Chelsea (2010)

Question: Has any club won both in a same season? 
Answer: Arsenal became the first side to win both the FA Cup and the League Cup in the same season

Question: What year did that take place? 
Answer: 1993
The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division and there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight: Notts County (1894); Tottenham Hotspur (1901); Wolverhampton Wanderers (1908); Barnsley (1912); West Bromwich Albion (1931); Sunderland (1973), Southampton (1976) and West Ham United (1980). With the exception of Tottenham, these clubs were all playing in the second tier (the old Second Division) - Tottenham were playing in the Southern League and were only elected to the Football League in 1908, meaning they are the only non-league winners of the FA Cup. Other than Tottenham's victory, only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier, with a record of 7 wins and 17 runners-up: and none at all from the third tier or lower, Southampton (1902) being the last finalist from outside the top two tiers.

Question: Has the final been played by a two clubs outside of the top divisions? 
Answer: The final has never been contested by two teams from outside the top division

Question: Has the final been won by a club outside of the top divisions? 
Answer: there have only been eight winners who weren't in the top flight

Question: Who was the first outside club to win? 
Answer: Notts County

Question: What year did that take place? 
Answer: 1894

Question: How many second tier have made the finals? 
Answer: only 24 finalists have come from outside English football's top tier
In the early years of coverage the BBC had exclusive radio coverage with a picture of the pitch marked in the Radio Times with numbered squares to help the listener follow the match on the radio. The first FA Cup Final on Radio was in 1926 between Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City but this was only broadcast in Manchester, the first national final on BBC Radio was between Arsenal and Cardiff in 1927. The first final on BBC Television was in 1937 in a match which featured Sunderland and Preston North End but this was not televised in full. The following season's final between Preston and Huddersfield was covered in full by the BBC. When ITV was formed in 1955 they shared final coverage with the BBC in one of the only club matches shown live on television, during the 1970s and 1980s coverage became more elaborate with BBC and ITV trying to steal viewers from the others by starting coverage earlier and earlier some starting as early as 9 a.m. which was six hours before kick off. Nowadays, this continues with Setanta and ESPN having all-day broadcasts from Wembley, but terrestrial TV coverage usually begins two hours before kick off. The sharing of rights between BBC and ITV continued from 1955 to 1988, when ITV lost coverage to the new Sports Channel which later became Sky Sports.

Question: Who used to brodcast the matches on the radio? 
Answer: the BBC

Question: What was the first Fa cup radio broadcast? 
Answer: The first FA Cup Final on Radio was in 1926

Question: What clubs competed in the match? 
Answer: Bolton Wanderers and Manchester City

Question: Wa the game broadcast in both cities? 
Answer: this was only broadcast in Manchester

Question: So when was the firs national broadcast? 
Answer: the first national final on BBC Radio was between Arsenal and Cardiff in 1927
From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup, the BBC had highlights on Match of the Day and usually one match per round while Sky had the same deal. From 1997 to 2001, ITV and Sky shared live coverage with both having two matches per round and BBC continuing with highlights on Match of the Day. From 2002 to 2008, BBC and Sky again shared coverage with BBC having two or three matches per round and Sky having one or two. From 2008–09 to 2013–14, FA Cup matches are shown live by ITV across England and Wales, with UTV broadcasting to Northern Ireland but STV refusing to show them. ITV shows 16 FA Cup games per season, including the first pick of live matches from each of the first to sixth rounds of the competition, plus one semi-final exclusively live. The final is also shown live on ITV. Under the same 2008 contract, Setanta Sports showed three games and one replay in each round from round three to five, two quarter-finals, one semi-final and the final. The channel also broadcast ITV's matches exclusively to Scotland, after the ITV franchise holder in Scotland, STV, decided not to broadcast FA Cup games. Setanta entered administration in June 2009 and as a result the FA terminated Setanta's deal to broadcast FA-sanctioned competitions and England internationals. As a result of Setanta going out of business ITV showed the competition exclusively in the 2009–10 season with between three and four matches per round, all quarter finals, semi-finals and final live as the FA could not find a pay TV broadcaster in time. ESPN bought the competition for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season and during this time Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK.

Question: Who had FA cup coverage from 1988-1997?
Answer: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup

Question: How are the games broadcast now? 
Answer: , FA Cup matches are shown live by ITV across England and Wales, with UTV broadcasting to Northern Ireland

Question: Does anyone refuse to show them? 
Answer: STV refusing to show them

Question: Has a woman ever broadcast a match? 
Answer: Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK.

Question: What year did rebecca host the match? 
Answer: for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season
Many[who?] expected BSkyB to make a bid to show some of the remaining FA Cup games for the remainder of the 2009–10 season which would include a semi-final and shared rights to the final. ESPN took over the package Setanta held for the FA Cup from the 2010–11 season. The 2011 final was also shown live on Sky 3D in addition to ESPN (who provided the 3D coverage for Sky 3D) and ITV. Following the sale of ESPN's UK and Ireland channels to BT, ESPN's rights package transferred to BT Sport from the 2013–14 season.

Question: Who took over the package from Sentana?
Answer: ESPN took over the package Setanta

Question: Who show the 2011 final? 
Answer: The 2011 final was also shown live on Sky 3D in addition to ESPN

Question: Does ESPN still hold the contract? 
Answer: Following the sale of ESPN's UK and Ireland channels to BT, ESPN's rights package transferred to BT Sport

Question: What year did this take place? 
Answer: the 2013–14 season

Question: Who took over after ESPN? 
Answer: BT Sport
During the First World War, to avoid ground fights between brothers, many Alsatians served as sailors in the Kaiserliche Marine and took part in the Naval mutinies that led to the abdication of the Kaiser in November 1918, which left Alsace-Lorraine without a nominal head of state. The sailors returned home and tried to found a republic. While Jacques Peirotes, at this time deputy at the Landrat Elsass-Lothringen and just elected mayor of Strasbourg, proclaimed the forfeiture of the German Empire and the advent of the French Republic, a self-proclaimed government of Alsace-Lorraine declared independence as the "Republic of Alsace-Lorraine". French troops entered Alsace less than two weeks later to quash the worker strikes and remove the newly established Soviets and revolutionaries from power. At the arrival of the French soldiers, many Alsatians and local Prussian/German administrators and bureaucrats cheered the re-establishment of order (which can be seen and is described in detail in the reference video below). Although U.S. President Woodrow Wilson had insisted that the région was self-ruling by legal status, as its constitution had stated it was bound to the sole authority of the Kaiser and not to the German state, France tolerated no plebiscite, as granted by the League of Nations to some eastern German territories at this time, because Alsatians were considered by the French public as fellow Frenchmen liberated from German rule. Germany ceded the region to France under the Treaty of Versailles.

Question: What did Aslations do to avoid conflict amongst themselves during the first World War?
Answer: served as sailors

Question: Who was the mayor that proclaimed independence from the German Empire for  Alsace-Lorraine?
Answer: Jacques Peirotes

Question: Who entered Alsace just two weeks after they declared independence? 
Answer: French

Question: What was the name of the treaty that allowed Germany to ceded the land to France?
Answer: Treaty of Versailles
From the annexation of Alsace by France in the 17th century and the language policy of the French Revolution up to 1870, knowledge of French in Alsace increased considerably. With the education reforms of the 19th century, the middle classes began to speak and write French well. The French language never really managed, however, to win over the masses, the vast majority of whom continued to speak their German dialects and write in German (which we would now call "standard German").[citation needed]

Question: Around when did the Annexation of Alsace occur?
Answer: 17th century

Question: With education reforms in the 19th century what did this lead to in Alsace?
Answer: middle classes began to speak and write French

Question: What is now the German dialects of speech now referred as to?
Answer: standard German
At present, plans are being considered for building a new dual carriageway west of Strasbourg, which would reduce the buildup of traffic in that area by picking up north and southbound vehicles and getting rid of the buildup outside Strasbourg. The line plans to link up the interchange of Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest. The opening is envisaged at the end of 2011, with an average usage of 41,000 vehicles a day. Estimates of the French Works Commissioner however, raised some doubts over the interest of such a project, since it would pick up only about 10% of the traffic of the A35 at Strasbourg. Paradoxically, this reversed the situation of the 1950s. At that time, the French trunk road left of the Rhine not been built, so that traffic would cross into Germany to use the Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn.

Question: What is currently being planed west of Strasbourg? 
Answer: new dual carriageway

Question: What would the use of a new carriageway do in Alsace?
Answer: reduce the buildup of traffic in that area

Question: What is the name the German Highway  that would of been crossed with the French Truck road?
Answer: Karlsruhe-Basel Autobahn

Question: The new line is (carriageway) would link which other intersections?
Answer: Hœrdt to the north of Strasbourg, with Innenheim in the southwest
Child labour played an important role in the Industrial Revolution from its outset, often brought about by economic hardship. The children of the poor were expected to contribute to their family income. In 19th-century Great Britain, one-third of poor families were without a breadwinner, as a result of death or abandonment, obliging many children to work from a young age. In England and Scotland in 1788, two-thirds of the workers in 143 water-powered cotton mills were described as children. A high number of children also worked as prostitutes. The author Charles Dickens worked at the age of 12 in a blacking factory, with his family in debtor's prison.

Question: How many families were without a bread winner?
Answer: one-third

Question: How many water-powered cotton mills used child labour in 1788 England and Scotland?
Answer: 143

Question: Was it a low amount or high amount of children that also worked in prostitution? 
Answer: high number

Question: Where was Charles Dickens employed as a child?
Answer: blacking factory

Question: During the Industrial Revolution what was the main driving force behind child labour?
Answer: economic hardship
In 2001, a voluntary agreement called the Harkin-Engel Protocol, was accepted by the international cocoa and chocolate industry to eliminate the worst forms of child labour, as defined by ILO's Convention 182, in West Africa. This agreement created a foundation named International Cocoa Initiative in 2002. The foundation claims it has, as of 2011, active programs in 290 cocoa growing communities in Côte d'Ivoire and Ghana, reaching a total population of 689,000 people to help eliminate the worst forms of child labour in cocoa industry. Other organisations claim progress has been made, but the protocol's 2005 deadlines have not yet been met.

Question: What type of agreement was the 2001 Harkin-Engel Protocol?
Answer: voluntary

Question: What was the foundation that was the direct result of the agreement?
Answer: International Cocoa Initiative

Question: How many active programs does the foundation have? 
Answer: 290

Question: What happened to the 2005 deadlines?
Answer: have not yet been met
As early as 1650, settlers from the Virginia colony moved into the area of Albemarle Sound. By 1663, King Charles II of England granted a charter to start a new colony on the North American continent; it generally established North Carolina's borders. He named it Carolina in honor of his father Charles I. By 1665, a second charter was issued to attempt to resolve territorial questions. In 1710, owing to disputes over governance, the Carolina colony began to split into North Carolina and South Carolina. The latter became a crown colony in 1729.

Question: In 1650, settlers from what colony moved in to Albemarie Sound?
Answer: Virginia

Question: What year did King Charles II grant a charter to North America?
Answer: 1663

Question: What did King Charles II's charter establish?
Answer: North Carolina's borders

Question: Carolina was named after King Charles iI's father, what was his name?
Answer: Charles I

Question: What year was a second charter made to establish the borders of Carolina?
Answer: 1665
According to a Forbes article written in 2013 Employment in the "Old North State" has gained many different industry sectors. See the following article summary: science, technology, energy and math, or STEM, industries in the area surrounding North Carolina's capital have grown 17.9 percent since 2001, placing Raleigh-Cary at No. 5 among the 51 largest metro areas in the country where technology is booming. In 2010 North Carolina's total gross state product was $424.9 billion, while the state debt in November 2012, according to one source, totalled US$2.4bn, while according to another, was in 2012 US$57.8bn. In 2011 the civilian labor force was at around 4.5 million with employment near 4.1 million. The working population is employed across the major employment sectors. The economy of North Carolina covers 15 metropolitan areas. In 2010, North Carolina was chosen as the third-best state for business by Forbes Magazine, and the second-best state by Chief Executive Officer Magazine.

Question: What is the Nickname given to North Carolina?
Answer: Old North State

Question: Science, Technology, energy, and math industries have risen what percent since 2001?
Answer: 17.9

Question: What is raleigh-Cary ranked among the 51 largest metro areas in the country?
Answer: 5

Question: What was North Carolinas gross state product in 2010?
Answer: $424.9 billion

Question: What was North Carolinas state debt in 2012?
Answer: $2.4bn
The Heian period was preceded by the Nara period and began in 794 A.D after the movement of the capital of Japan to Heian-kyō (present day Kyōto京都), by the 50th emperor, Emperor Kanmu. Kanmu first tried to move the capital to Nagaoka-kyō, but a series of disasters befell the city, prompting the emperor to relocate the capital a second time, to Heian. The Heian Period is considered a high point in Japanese culture that later generations have always admired. The period is also noted for the rise of the samurai class, which would eventually take power and start the feudal period of Japan.

Question: What was the name of the period before the Heian era?
Answer: Nara

Question: The Heian period began in what year?
Answer: 794 A.D

Question: What warrior class rose during the Heian era?
Answer: samurai

Question: Heian-kyo is now what present-day city?
Answer: Kyōto

Question: What was the name of the emperor who moved Japan's capital to Heian?
Answer: Kanmu
In Britain, William Paley's Natural Theology saw adaptation as evidence of beneficial "design" by the Creator acting through natural laws. All naturalists in the two English universities (Oxford and Cambridge) were Church of England clergymen, and science became a search for these laws. Geologists adapted catastrophism to show repeated worldwide annihilation and creation of new fixed species adapted to a changed environment, initially identifying the most recent catastrophe as the biblical flood. Some anatomists such as Robert Grant were influenced by Lamarck and Geoffroy, but most naturalists regarded their ideas of transmutation as a threat to divinely appointed social order.

Question: Whose work considered adaptation to be evidence of God's design?
Answer: William Paley's

Question: What was the name of William Paley's book claiming divine beneficial design? 
Answer: Natural Theology

Question: What religion were all naturalists working at the two English universities?
Answer: Church of England

Question: How did most naturalists view the concept of transmutation of species?
Answer: a threat to divinely appointed social order.

Question: How did geologists explain the creation of new species in keeping with their belief in divine creation?
Answer: adapted catastrophism to show repeated worldwide annihilation and creation of new fixed species adapted to a changed environment
Darwin discusses morphology, including the importance of homologous structures. He says, "What can be more curious than that the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat, should all be constructed on the same pattern, and should include the same bones, in the same relative positions?" He notes that animals of the same class often have extremely similar embryos. Darwin discusses rudimentary organs, such as the wings of flightless birds and the rudiments of pelvis and leg bones found in some snakes. He remarks that some rudimentary organs, such as teeth in baleen whales, are found only in embryonic stages.

Question: What theory does Darwin discuss that is related to the importance of homologous structures?
Answer: morphology

Question: What are some examples that Darwin gives of species whose basic form of limbs is similar, but who have vastly different uses for them?
Answer: the hand of a man, formed for grasping, that of a mole for digging, the leg of the horse, the paddle of the porpoise, and the wing of the bat

Question: What does Darwin note about the embryos of many different species in the same class?
Answer: animals of the same class often have extremely similar embryos

Question: What are some examples of rudimentary organs that Darwin discusses in the chapter?
Answer: e wings of flightless birds and the rudiments of pelvis and leg bones found in some snakes
Natural theology was not a unified doctrine, and while some such as Louis Agassiz were strongly opposed to the ideas in the book, others sought a reconciliation in which evolution was seen as purposeful. In the Church of England, some liberal clergymen interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design, with the cleric Charles Kingsley seeing it as "just as noble a conception of Deity". In the second edition of January 1860, Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence, which from then on read "life, with its several powers, having been originally breathed by the Creator into a few forms or into one". While some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted, Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature, and even in the first edition there are several references to "creation".

Question: What view did Louis Agassiz have of On the Origin of Species?
Answer: strongly opposed to the ideas in the book

Question: What view did some clergymen in the Church of England take of the theory of natural selection?
Answer: interpreted natural selection as an instrument of God's design

Question: What did Darwin do to show that he admired the cleric Charles Kingsley? 
Answer: Darwin quoted Kingsley as "a celebrated cleric", and added the phrase "by the Creator" to the closing sentence,

Question: What did some commentators think about Darwin changing the phrasing in his book?
Answer: some commentators have taken this as a concession to religion that Darwin later regretted

Question: What were Darwin's views on the part of God in his theory?
Answer: Darwin's view at the time was of God creating life through the laws of nature
Mikhail Gorbachev was elected General Secretary by the Politburo on March 11, 1985, three hours after predecessor Konstantin Chernenko's death at age 73. Gorbachev, aged 54, was the youngest member of the Politburo. His initial goal as general secretary was to revive the Soviet economy, and he realized that doing so would require reforming underlying political and social structures. The reforms began with personnel changes of senior Brezhnev-era officials who would impede political and economic change. On April 23, 1985, Gorbachev brought two protégés, Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov, into the Politburo as full members. He kept the "power" ministries happy by promoting KGB Head Viktor Chebrikov from candidate to full member and appointing Minister of Defence Marshal Sergei Sokolov as a Politburo candidate.

Question: Who was General Secretary prior to Mikhail Gorbachev?
Answer: Konstantin Chernenko

Question: What caused Chernenko to leave office?
Answer: death

Question: How old was Gorbachev when he was elected as the General Secretary? 
Answer: 54

Question: What entity was responsible for Gorbachev's being elected?
Answer: Politburo

Question: To which two people did Gorbachev grant membership into the Politburo for his own reasons? 
Answer: Yegor Ligachev and Nikolai Ryzhkov,
On April 26, 1988, about 500 people participated in a march organized by the Ukrainian Cultural Club on Kiev's Khreschatyk Street to mark the second anniversary of the Chernobyl nuclear disaster, carrying placards with slogans like "Openness and Democracy to the End." Between May and June 1988, Ukrainian Catholics in western Ukraine celebrated the Millennium of Christianity in Kievan Rus' in secret by holding services in the forests of Buniv, Kalush, Hoshiv, and Zarvanytsia. On June 5, 1988, as the official celebrations of the Millennium were held in Moscow, the Ukrainian Cultural Club hosted its own observances in Kiev at the monument to St. Volodymyr the Great, the grand prince of Kievan Rus'.

Question: What group was responsible for the April 25, 1988 protest?
Answer: Ukrainian Cultural Club

Question: Where did the march happen?
Answer: Kiev's Khreschatyk Street

Question: What did the marchers wish to commemorate? 
Answer: Chernobyl nuclear disaster,

Question: Which group held secret Milleneum of Christianity celebrations?
Answer: Ukrainian Catholics

Question: In what city did the Ukrainian Cultural Club have its Millennium celebration?
Answer: Kiev
On November 13, 1988, approximately 10,000 people attended an officially sanctioned meeting organized by the cultural heritage organization Spadschyna, the Kyiv University student club Hromada, and the environmental groups Zelenyi Svit ("Green World") and Noosfera, to focus on ecological issues. From November 14–18, 15 Ukrainian activists were among the 100 human-, national- and religious-rights advocates invited to discuss human rights with Soviet officials and a visiting delegation of the U.S. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe (also known as the Helsinki Commission). On December 10, hundreds gathered in Kiev to observe International Human Rights Day at a rally organized by the Democratic Union. The unauthorized gathering resulted in the detention of local activists.

Question: What is the English translation of Zelenyi Svit?
Answer: Green World

Question: What sort of issues were Zenlenyi Svit and Noosfera concerned with?
Answer: ecological

Question: What sort of organization is Spadschnyna? 
Answer: cultural heritage

Question: What did people gather to observe on December 10th?
Answer: International Human Rights Day
In a new and effective tactic, the Popular Front launched a rail blockade of Armenia, which caused petrol and food shortages because 85 percent of Armenia's freight came from Azerbaijan. Under pressure from the Popular Front the Communist authorities in Azerbaijan started making concessions. On September 25, they passed a sovereignty law that gave precedence to Azerbaijani law, and on October 4, the Popular Front was permitted to register as a legal organization as long as it lifted the blockade. Transport communications between Azerbaijan and Armenia never fully recovered. Tensions continued to escalate and on December 29, Popular Front activists seized local party offices in Jalilabad, wounding dozens.

Question: What did the Popular Front do to Armenian railways?
Answer: blockade

Question: What shortages were caused by the blockade?
Answer: petrol and food

Question: How much freight into Armenia originated in Azerbaijan? 
Answer: 85 percent

Question: When was the sovereignty law passed?
Answer: September 25

Question: What in Jalilibad was taken over by the Popular Front?
Answer: local party offices