meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
Most mammals are viviparous, giving birth to live young. However, the five species of monotreme, the platypuses and the echidnas, lay eggs. The monotremes have a sex determination system different from that of most other mammals. In particular, the sex chromosomes of a platypus are more like those of a chicken than those of a therian mammal. Like marsupials and most other mammals, monotreme young are larval and fetus-like, as the presence of epipubic bones prevents the expansion of the torso, forcing them to produce small young.

Question: What is the common mammal group that gives birth to live young?
Answer: viviparous

Question: How many species of mammals lay eggs?
Answer: five species

Question: Which mammal that has the bill of a duck lays eggs?
Answer: platypus

Question: The platypus has sex chromosomes more related to which other non-mammal?
Answer: chicken
The deliberate or accidental hybridising of two or more species of closely related animals through captive breeding is a human activity which has been in existence for millennia and has grown in recent times for economic purposes. The number of successful interspecific mammalian hybrids is relatively small, although it has come to be known that there is a significant number of naturally occurring hybrids between forms or regional varieties of a single species.[citation needed] These may form zones of gradation known as clines. Indeed, the distinction between some hitherto distinct species can become clouded once it can be shown that they may not only breed but produce fertile offspring. Some hybrid animals exhibit greater strength and resilience than either parent. This is known as hybrid vigor. The existence of the mule (donkey sire; horse dam) being used widely as a hardy draught animal throughout ancient and modern history is testament to this. Other well known examples are the lion/tiger hybrid, the liger, which is by far the largest big cat and sometimes used in circuses; and cattle hybrids such as between European and Indian domestic cattle or between domestic cattle and American bison, which are used in the meat industry and marketed as Beefalo. There is some speculation that the donkey itself may be the result of an ancient hybridisation between two wild ass species or sub-species. Hybrid animals are normally infertile partly because their parents usually have slightly different numbers of chromosomes, resulting in unpaired chromosomes in their cells, which prevents division of sex cells and the gonads from operating correctly, particularly in males. There are exceptions to this rule, especially if the speciation process was relatively recent or incomplete as is the case with many cattle and dog species. Normally behavior traits, natural hostility, natural ranges and breeding cycle differences maintain the separateness of closely related species and prevent natural hybridisation. However, the widespread disturbances to natural animal behaviours and range caused by human activity, cities, dumping grounds with food, agriculture, fencing, roads and so on do force animals together which would not normally breed. Clear examples exist between the various sub-species of grey wolf, coyote and domestic dog in North America. As many birds and mammals imprint on their mother and immediate family from infancy, a practice used by animal hybridizers is to foster a planned parent in a hybridization program with the same species as the one with which they are planned to mate.

Question: What is the name given when zones of gradation exits?
Answer: clines

Question: What is the given name of a lion and tiger hybrid?
Answer: liger

Question: What is the marketed name given in the meat industry when you involve a european or indian domestic cattle mixed with an American bison?
Answer: Beefalo

Question: What is the given name of a offspring from two different animals?
Answer: hybrid
Soon after the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, London merchants presented a petition to Queen Elizabeth I for permission to sail to the Indian Ocean. The permission was granted, and despite the defeat of the English Armada in 1589, on 10 April 1591 three ships sailed from Torbay around the Cape of Good Hope to the Arabian Sea on one of the earliest English overseas Indian expeditions. One of them, Edward Bonventure, then sailed around Cape Comorin and on to the Malay Peninsula and subsequently returned to England in 1594.

Question: The Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Answer: 1588

Question: What was the first year the London merchants were granted permission to sail the Indina Ocean?
Answer: 1589

Question: Who did the London merchants petition to get permission to sail the Indian Ocean?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth I

Question: how many ships sailed Torbay?
Answer: three

Question: who returned to england after sailing around Cape Comorin?
Answer: Edward Bonventure

Question:  in this paragraph the Spanish Armada suffered a defeat in what year?
Answer: 1588

Question: how many ships sailed  from Torbay?
Answer: three
In 1634, the Mughal emperor extended his hospitality to the English traders to the region of Bengal, and in 1717 completely waived customs duties for the trade. The company's mainstay businesses were by then cotton, silk, indigo dye, saltpetre, and tea. The Dutch were aggressive competitors and had meanwhile expanded their monopoly of the spice trade in the Malaccan straits by ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41. With reduced Portuguese and Spanish influence in the region, the EIC and Dutch East India Company (VOC) entered a period of intense competition, resulting in the Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries.

Question: Name the wars that was caused by the intense competition between the EIC and Dutch East India Company
Answer: Anglo-Dutch Wars of the 17th and 18th centuries

Question: what caused the Dutch to expand thier spice trade in the malaccan straits?
Answer: ousting the Portuguese in 1640–41

Question: How important were cotton, silk, indigo dye,saltpetre and tea to the company?
Answer: The company's mainstay business

Question: what year did the Mughal emperor completely wave customs duities?
Answer: 1717

Question: who did the Mughal emperor extend hospitality to?
Answer: English traders

Question: what region was made available to english traders by  the Mughal emperor?
Answer: Bengal

Question: in 1717 what made the region of Bengal  so appealing to English traders?
Answer: waived customs duties

Question: why type of  dye was one of the East  India company's main  products?
Answer: indigo dye

Question: Who were the main competitors that  had a monopoly of the spice trade in Malaccan?
Answer: The Dutch

Question: what wars was a result of the competitive nature of the mulitple trading companies in the 17th and 18th centuries?
Answer: Anglo-Dutch Wars
In the following decades there was a constant battle between the company lobby and the Parliament. The company sought a permanent establishment, while the Parliament would not willingly allow it greater autonomy and so relinquish the opportunity to exploit the company's profits. In 1712, another act renewed the status of the company, though the debts were repaid. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India, almost all passing through the company, which reasserted the influence of the company lobby. The licence was prolonged until 1766 by yet another act in 1730.

Question: in 1720 what % of  import goods were from India? 
Answer: 15%

Question: Who passed the acts that effected the profits of East india company
Answer: Parliament

Question: Who argued against parliament on the trade issue that involded the East India Company
Answer: company lobby
Outstanding debts were also agreed and the company permitted to export 250 tons of saltpetre. Again in 1673, Banks successfully negotiated another contract for 700 tons of saltpetre at £37,000 between the king and the company. So urgent was the need to supply the armed forces in the United Kingdom, America and elsewhere that the authorities sometimes turned a blind eye on the untaxed sales. One governor of the company was even reported as saying in 1864 that he would rather have the saltpetre made than the tax on salt.

Question: Due to agreed debt what 250 tons  product was first permitted to be exported by the company after the seven years' war?
Answer: saltpetre

Question: in what year did Banks  negotiate between the king and the East india company for 700 tons of saltpetre?
Answer: 1673

Question: Saltpetre was used for what people, specifically the need for this product had people overlooking untaxed sales? 
Answer: armed forces

Question: One of the governor of the company said that he would rather have saltpetre then____ in its raw form?
Answer: salt

Question: how much did 700 tons of saltpetre go for in the contract negotiated by Banks in 1673
Answer: £37,000
In its first century and half, the EIC used a few hundred soldiers as guards. The great expansion came after 1750, when it had 3000 regular troops. By 1763, it had 26,000; by 1778, it had 67,000. It recruited largely Indian troops, and trained them along European lines. The company, fresh from a colossal victory, and with the backing of its own private well-disciplined and experienced army, was able to assert its interests in the Carnatic region from its base at Madras and in Bengal from Calcutta, without facing any further obstacles from other colonial powers.

Question: what is the acronym for the East india company?
Answer: EIC

Question: In 1750 how many regular troops did the  EIC  have? 
Answer: 3000

Question: in 1778 most of the troops that the EIC had were from where?
Answer: Indian

Question: what year did the EIC have 26,000 troops in their employ
Answer: 1763
In 1838 with the amount of smuggled opium entering China approaching 1,400 tons a year, the Chinese imposed a death penalty for opium smuggling and sent a Special Imperial Commissioner, Lin Zexu, to curb smuggling. This resulted in the First Opium War (1839–42). After the war Hong Kong island was ceded to Britain under the Treaty of Nanking and the Chinese market opened to the opium traders of Britain and other nations. The Jardines and Apcar and Company dominated the trade, although P&O also tried to take a share. A Second Opium War fought by Britain and France against China lasted from 1856 until 1860 and led to the Treaty of Tientsin, which legalised the importation of opium. Legalisation stimulated domestic Chinese opium production and increased the importation of opium from Turkey and Persia. This increased competition for the Chinese market led to India reducing its opium output and diversifying its exports.

Question: in 1838 what was the sentence for smuggling opium in to China?
Answer: death penalty

Question: in 1838 about how many tone of  Opium was smuggled in to China per year?
Answer: 1,400 tons

Question: what was the title of the person people were sent to if they were  caught smuggling Opium in to China?
Answer: Special Imperial Commissioner

Question: when did the first Opium war start?
Answer: 1839

Question: Britian faught side by side with what country  in the second Opium war?
Answer: France
Despite stiff resistance from the East India lobby in parliament and from the Company's shareholders, the Act passed. It introduced substantial governmental control and allowed British India to be formally under the control of the Crown, but leased back to the Company at £40,000 for two years. Under the Act's most important provision, a governing Council composed of five members was created in Calcutta. The three members nominated by Parliament and representing the Government's interest could, and invariably would, outvote the two Company members. The Council was headed by Warren Hastings, the incumbent Governor, who became the first Governor-General of Bengal, with an ill-defined authority over the Bombay and Madras Presidencies. His nomination, made by the Court of Directors, would in future be subject to the approval of a Council of Four appointed by the Crown. Initially, the Council consisted of Lt. General Sir John Clavering, The Honourable Sir George Monson, Sir Richard Barwell, and Sir Philip Francis.

Question: EIC was leased back the land they held in British India by what part of the British goverment?
Answer: Parliament

Question: How much did the parliament lease British india for to EIC (the lease was for two years)? 
Answer: £40,000

Question: The British Government  created a how many man council in Calcutta?
Answer: five

Question: How many council member weres allow to be from the EIC?
Answer: two

Question: By having 3 members on the council in Calcutta from the British Government they were always able to ____ the two EIC members?
Answer: outvote
Hastings was entrusted with the power of peace and war. British judges and magistrates would also be sent to India to administer the legal system. The Governor General and the council would have complete legislative powers. The company was allowed to maintain its virtual monopoly over trade in exchange for the biennial sum and was obligated to export a minimum quantity of goods yearly to Britain. The costs of administration were to be met by the company. The Company initially welcomed these provisions, but the annual burden of the payment contributed to the steady decline of its finances.

Question: in British indian a jugde had to come from where to oversee the  legal system?
Answer: British

Question: The highest ranking persons title in British india is?
Answer: The Governor General

Question: The highest ranking person's title in British india is?
Answer: Governor General

Question: Did EIC have a monopoly over the governement or trade in british india 
Answer: trade

Question: Other then money what did it cost the EIC to have the control in trade the had in British India
Answer: export a minimum quantity of goods yearly to Britain
In 1803, an Act of Parliament, promoted by the East India Company, established the East India Dock Company, with the aim of establishing a new set of docks (the East India Docks) primarily for the use of ships trading with India. The existing Brunswick Dock, part of the Blackwall Yard site, became the Export Dock; while a new Import Dock was built to the north. In 1838 the East India Dock Company merged with the West India Dock Company. The docks were taken over by the Port of London Authority in 1909, and closed in 1967.

Question: in 1803 was act of parliament supported by  EIC? 
Answer: promoted by the East India Company

Question: the 1803 act created what dock program?
Answer: East India Dock Company

Question: The goal of the East in dock company was  first what?
Answer: aim of establishing a new set of docks (the East India Docks) primarily for the use of ships trading with India

Question: What was the name of the export dock of the EIC after the 1803 act?
Answer: Brunswick Dock

Question: in 1838 what company did the  East india dock company merge with? 
Answer: West India Dock Company
Definitions of "Southeast Asia" vary, but most definitions include the area represented by the countries (sovereign states and dependent territories) listed below. All of the states except for East Timor are members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). The area, together with part of South Asia, was widely known as the East Indies or simply the Indies until the 20th century. Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands[citation needed] are considered part of Southeast Asia though they are governed by Australia.[citation needed] Sovereignty issues exist over some territories in the South China Sea. Papua New Guinea has stated that it might join ASEAN, and is currently an observer.

Question: Which state is not a member of the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)?
Answer: East Timor

Question: Which country is considering joining the Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)?
Answer: Papua New Guinea

Question: What was Southeast Asia commonly known as before?
Answer: East Indies

Question: What type of issue exist over the territories in the South China sea?
Answer: Sovereignty

Question: Which country is Christmas Island governed by?
Answer: Australia

Question: Which country has stated that it might join ASEAN?
Answer: Papua New Guinea

Question: What does ASEAN mean?
Answer: Association of Southeast Asian Nations

Question: Which two Islands governed by Australia are considered a part of ASEAN?
Answer: Christmas Island and the Cocos (Keeling) Islands

Question: Which state is not a member of ASEAN?
Answer: East Timor
The Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India are geographically considered part of Southeast Asia. Eastern Bangladesh and the Seven Sister States of India are culturally part of Southeast Asia and sometimes considered both South Asian and Southeast Asian. The Seven Sister States of India are also geographically part of Southeast Asia.[citation needed] The rest of the island of New Guinea which is not part of Indonesia, namely, Papua New Guinea, is sometimes included so are Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands, which were all part of the Spanish East Indies.[citation needed]

Question: What country is Nicobar Island apart of?
Answer: India

Question: What part of New Guinea is also considered to be apart of Southeast Asia?
Answer: Papua New Guinea

Question: What island in India is also considered to be geographically a part of Southeast Asia besides Nicobar Island?
Answer: Andaman

Question: What is the Seven Sister States of India geographically apart of?
Answer: Southeast Asia

Question: Which Island is geographically considered a part of Southeast Asia?
Answer: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands

Question: Which countries are culturally a part of Southeast Asia?
Answer: Eastern Bangladesh and the Seven Sister States of India

Question: Which islands were a part of the Spanish East Indies?
Answer: Papua New Guinea, is sometimes included so are Palau, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands
Due to the legitimate role that referees play in wrestling of serving as liaison between the bookers backstage and the wrestlers in the ring (the role of being a final arbitrator is merely kayfabe), the referee is present, even in matches that do not at first glance appear to require a referee (such as a ladder match, as it is no holds barred, and the criteria for victory could theoretically be assessed from afar). Although their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect, referees are subject to certain general rules and requirements in order to maintain the theatrical appearance of unbiased authority. The most basic rule is that an action must be seen by a referee to be declared for a fall or disqualification. This allows for heel characters to gain a scripted advantage by distracting or disabling the referee in order to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent. Most referees are unnamed and essentially anonymous, though the WWE has let their officials reveal their names.

Question: What determines how the referee acts?
Answer: their actions are also frequently scripted for dramatic effect

Question: What is a common rule about referees? 
Answer: The most basic rule is that an action must be seen by a referee to be declared for a fall or disqualification.

Question: What are referees called?
Answer: Most referees are unnamed and essentially anonymous, though the WWE has let their officials reveal their names.

Question: How can a wrestler gain an advantage by using a referee? 
Answer: distracting or disabling the referee in order to perform some ostensibly illegal maneuver on their opponent.
Special guest referees may be used from time to time; by virtue of their celebrity status, they are often scripted to dispense with the appearance of neutrality and use their influence to unfairly influence the outcome of the match for added dramatic impact. Face special referees will often fight back against hostile heel wrestlers, particularly if the special referee is either a wrestler themselves or a famous martial artist (such as Tito Ortiz in the main event at TNA's THard Justice in 2005). They also have the power to eject from ringside any of the heel wrestler's entourage/stable, who may otherwise interfere with the match.

Question: What kind of referees are occasionally used?
Answer: Special guest referees may be used from time to time;

Question: What are famous referees directed to do?
Answer: often scripted to dispense with the appearance of neutrality and use their influence to unfairly influence the outcome of the match for added dramatic impact. F

Question: What do special referees have the ability to do?
Answer: They also have the power to eject from ringside any of the heel wrestler's entourage/stable, who may otherwise interfere with the match.
In some team matches, only one entrant from each team may be designated as the "legal" or "active" wrestler at any given moment. Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status. This is known as a "tag", with the participants "tagging out" and "tagging in". Typically the wrestler who is tagging out has a 5-second count to leave the ring, whereas the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.

Question: What does a "tag" entail?
Answer: Two wrestlers must make physical contact (typically palm-to-palm) in order to transfer this legal status.

Question: What are two things that can be done with tagging?
Answer: "tagging out" and "tagging in".

Question: How long does a wrestler have to leave the ring once they are tagged out?
Answer: has a 5-second count to leave the ring

Question: How much time does a wrestler have once they tag in? 
Answer: the one tagging in can enter the ring at any time, resulting in heels legally double-teaming a face.
Sometimes, poly-sided matches that pit every one for themselves will incorporate tagging rules. Outside of kayfabe, this is done to give wrestlers a break from the action (as these matches tend to go on for long periods of time), and to make the action in the ring easier to choreograph. One of the most mainstream examples of this is the four-corner match, the most common type of match in the WWE before it was replaced with its equivalent fatal four-way; four wrestlers, each for themselves, fight in a match, but only two wrestlers can be in the match at any given time. The other two are positioned in the corner, and tags can be made between any two wrestlers.

Question: What happens in a fatal four-way?
Answer: four wrestlers, each for themselves, fight in a match, but only two wrestlers can be in the match at any given time.

Question: In a fatal four-way, who can make tags?
Answer: tags can be made between any two wrestlers.

Question: What was the most common type of match before the fatal four-way? 
Answer: four-corner match

Question: Why are tagging rules made?
Answer: this is done to give wrestlers a break from the action
A count may be started at any time that a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat), back-first and any part of the opponent's body is lying over the wrestler. This often results in pins that can easily be kicked out of, if the defensive wrestler is even slightly conscious. For example, an attacking wrestler who is half-conscious may simply drape an arm over an opponent, or a cocky wrestler may place their foot gently on the opponent's body, prompting a three-count from the referee.

Question: At what point can a count be started? 
Answer: any time that a wrestler's shoulders are down (both shoulders touching the mat), back-first and any part of the opponent's body is lying over the wrestler.

Question: What can happen to an arrogant wrestler? 
Answer: a cocky wrestler may place their foot gently on the opponent's body, prompting a three-count from the referee.

Question: What might a partially conscious wrestler do? 
Answer: wrestler who is half-conscious may simply drape an arm over an opponent
Illegal pinning methods include using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing, which are therefore popular cheating methods for heels, unless certain stipulations make such an advantage legal. Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee (as they have to see if their shoulders are down) and are subsequently often used by heels and on occasion by cheating faces to win matches. Even if it is noticed, it is rare for such an attempt to result in a disqualification (see below), and instead it simply results in nullification of the pin attempt, so the heel wrestler rarely has anything to lose for trying it, anyway.

Question: What is a pinning method that isn't allowed?
Answer: using the ropes for leverage and hooking the opponent's clothing,

Question: How often are illegal pinning methods seen by the referee?
Answer: Such pins as these are rarely seen by the referee

Question: What are the illegal pinning methods called?
Answer: cheating

Question: Can illegal pinning methods result in being disqualified? 
Answer: it is rare for such an attempt to result in a disqualification

Question: What happens with an illegal pinning move when it is seen by a referee? 
Answer: results in nullification of the pin attempt,
A wrestler may voluntarily submit by verbally informing the referee (usually used in moves such as the Mexican Surfboard, where all four limbs are incapacitated, making tapping impossible). Also, since Ken Shamrock (a legitimate UFC competitor in its early days) popularized it in 1997, a wrestler can indicate a voluntary submission by "tapping out", that is, tapping a free hand against the mat or against an opponent. Occasionally, a wrestler will reach for a rope (see rope breaks below), only to put their hand back on the mat so they can crawl towards the rope some more; this is not a submission, and the referee decides what their intent is.

Question: How can a wrestler willingly submit?
Answer: verbally informing the referee

Question: What is the move called where all limbs are incapicitated? 
Answer: Mexican Surfboard

Question: What can a wrestler do to show a willing submission?
Answer: tapping out
A wrestler can win by knockout (sometimes referred to as a referee stoppage) if they do not resort to submission holds, but stills pummels their opponent to the point that they are unconscious or are unable to intelligently defend themselves. To check for a knockout in this manner, a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face; if the wrestler does not react in any way, the referee will award the victory to the other wrestler. If all the active wrestlers in a match are down inside the ring at the same time, the referee will begin a count (usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan). If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw. Any participant who stands up in time will end the count for everyone else. In a Last Man Standing match, this form of a knockout is the only way that the match can end, so the referee will count when one or more wrestlers are down, and one wrestler standing up before the 10-count doesn't stop the count for another wrestler who is still down.

Question: How does a referee check for a knockout?
Answer: a referee will wave their hand in front of the wrestler's face

Question: What happens if all wrestlers are down?
Answer: If nobody rises to their feet by the end of the count, the match is ruled a draw.

Question: If all wrestlers are down, how long do they have to rise? 
Answer: usually ten seconds, twenty in Japan

Question: What kind of match has to end in a knockout?
Answer: Last Man Standing

Question: What is another name for a knockout?
Answer: referee stoppage
A referee may stop the match when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match. This may be decided if the wrestler cannot continue the match due to an injury. At the Great American Bash in 2008, Chris Jericho was declared the winner of a match against Shawn Michaels when Michaels could not defend himself due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision. At NXT TakeOver: Rival in 2015, the referee stopped the match when Sami Zayn could not defend himself due to an injury sustained against Kevin Owens for the NXT Championship.

Question: In what case can a referee choose to end the match?
Answer: when they or official ring physician decides that a wrestler cannot safely continue the match

Question: What is one reason that a wrestler may not be able to continue?
Answer: an injury

Question: Why couldn't Shawn Michaels defend himself? 
Answer: due to excessive blood loss and impaired vision

Question: Where did Chris Jericho win in 2008?
Answer: Great American Bash
A countout (alternatively "count-out" or "count out") happens when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten (twenty in some promotions) and thus disqualified. The count is broken and restarted when a wrestler in the ring exits the ring. Playing into this, some wrestlers will "milk" the count by sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out. As they were technically inside the ring for a split second before exiting again, it is sufficient to restart the count. This is often referred to by commentators as "breaking the count." Heels often use this tactic in order to buy themselves more time to catch their breath, or to attempt to frustrate their babyface opponents.

Question: What are a couple other ways to write countout?
Answer: "count-out" or "count out"

Question: What happens during a countout?
Answer: when a wrestler is out of the ring long enough for the referee to count to ten

Question: What will some wrestlers do to take advantage of the countout? 
Answer: sliding in the ring, and immediately sliding back out

Question: What is the trick of sliding in and then back out of the ring called?
Answer: breaking the count.
Disqualification (sometimes abbreviated as "DQ") occurs when a wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically. Although a countout can technically be considered a disqualification (as it is, for all intents and purposes, an automatic loss suffered as a result of violating a match rule), the two concepts are often distinct in wrestling. A no disqualification match can still end by countout (although this is rare); typically, a match must be declared a "no holds barred" match, a "street fight" or some other term, in order for both disqualifications and countouts to be waived.[citation needed]

Question: What else is disqualification called?
Answer: DQ

Question: How can a wrestler be disqualified? 
Answer: wrestler violates the match's rules, thus losing automatically

Question: In what case can a countout and disqualification be done away with entirely? 
Answer: must be declared a "no holds barred" match, a "street fight" or some other term
In practice, not all rule violations will result in a disqualification as the referee may use their own judgement and is not obligated to stop the match. Usually, the only offenses that the referee will see and immediately disqualify the match on (as opposed to having multiple offenses) are low blows, weapon usage, interference, or assaulting the referee. In WWE, a referee must see the violation with their own eyes to rule that the match end in a disqualification (simply watching the video tape is not usually enough) and the referee's ruling is almost always final, although Dusty finishes (named after, and made famous by, Dusty Rhodes) will often result in the referee's decision being overturned. It is not uncommon for the referees themselves to get knocked out during a match, which is commonly referred to by the term "ref bump". While the referee remains "unconscious", wrestlers are free to violate rules until the referee is revived or replaced. In some cases, a referee might disqualify a person under the presumption that it was that wrestler who knocked them out; most referee knockouts are arranged to allow a wrestler, usually a heel, to gain an advantage. For example, a wrestler may get whipped into a referee at a slower speed, knocking the ref down for short amount of time; during that interim period, one wrestler may pin their opponent for a three-count and would have won the match but for the referee being down (sometimes, another referee will sprint to the ring from backstage to attempt to make the count, but by then, the other wrestler has had enough time to kick-out on their own accord).

Question: What are the usual reasons for an automatic disqualification? 
Answer: low blows, weapon usage, interference, or assaulting the referee

Question: What must the referee do to rule the match at an end via disqualification?
Answer: must see the violation with their own eyes

Question: In what case can a referee's decision be overturned?
Answer: Dusty finishes

Question: What is it called when a ref is knocked out?
Answer: ref bump

Question: What can wrestlers do when a ref is out? 
Answer: free to violate rules
While each wrestling match is ostensibly a competition of athletics and strategy, the goal of each match from a business standpoint is to excite and entertain the audience. Although the competition is staged, dramatic emphasis can be utilized to draw out the most intense reaction from the audience. Heightened interest results in higher attendance rates, increased ticket sales, higher ratings on television broadcasts (which result in greater ad revenue), higher pay-per-view buyrates, and sales of branded merchandise and recorded video footage. All of these contribute to the profit of the promotion company.

Question: What is the point of a match?
Answer: to excite and entertain the audience

Question: Higher attendance and more ticket sales can be the result of what?
Answer: Heightened interest

Question: Though the contest is staged, what can garner more interest from the crowd? 
Answer: dramatic emphasis
In Latin America and English-speaking countries, most wrestlers (and other on-stage performers) portray character roles, sometimes with personalities wildly different from their own. These personalities are a gimmick intended to heighten interest in a wrestler without regard to athletic ability. Some can be unrealistic and cartoon-like (such as Doink the Clown), while others carry more verisimilitude and can be seen as exaggerated versions of the performer's real life personality (such as Chris Jericho, The Rock, John Cena, Stone Cold Steve Austin, and CM Punk). In lucha libre, many characters wear masks, adopting a secret identity akin to a superhero, a near-sacred tradition.

Question: What do most wrestlers do, as far as how they act?
Answer: portray character roles

Question: What is the name of one wrestler who acts like a cartoonish character? 
Answer: Doink the Clown

Question: The Rock's persona is seen as what? 
Answer: exaggerated versions of the performer's real life personality

Question: What is common apparel in lucha libre? 
Answer: masks
Typically, matches are staged between a protagonist (historically an audience favorite, known as a babyface, or "the good guy") and an antagonist (historically a villain with arrogance, a tendency to break rules, or other unlikable qualities, called a heel). In recent years, however, antiheroes have also become prominent in professional wrestling. There is also a less common role of a "tweener", who is neither fully face nor fully heel yet able to play either role effectively (case in point, Samoa Joe during his first run in TNA from June 2005 to November 2006).

Question: What are other names for a protagonist?
Answer: babyface, or "the good guy"

Question: What will an antagonist usually do?
Answer: break rules

Question: What is a wrestler whose persona is somewhere between the two norms called?
Answer: tweener

Question: Who is generally the audience favorite? 
Answer: protagonist
At times a character may "turn", altering their face/heel alignment. This may be an abrupt, surprising event, or it may slowly build up over time. It almost always is accomplished with a markable change in behavior on the part of the character. Some turns become defining points in a wrestler's career, as was the case when Hulk Hogan turned heel after being a top face for over a decade. Others may have no noticeable effect on the character's status. If a character repeatedly switches between being a face and heel, this lessens the effect of such turns, and may result in apathy from the audience. Vince McMahon is a good example of having more heel and face turns than anyone in WWE history.

Question: What might a character do with their persona?
Answer: turn

Question: What did Hulk Hogan become? 
Answer: heel

Question: Who has the most turns in the WWE?
Answer: Vince McMahon
As with personae in general, a character's face or heel alignment may change with time, or remain constant over its lifetime (the most famous example of the latter is Ricky Steamboat, a WWE Hall of Famer who remained a babyface throughout his entire career). Sometimes a character's heel turn will become so popular that eventually the audience response will alter the character's heel-face cycle to the point where the heel persona will, in practice, become a face persona, and what was previously the face persona, will turn into the heel persona, such as when Dwayne Johnson first began using "The Rock" persona as a heel character, as opposed to his original "Rocky Maivia" babyface persona. Another legendary example is Stone Cold Steve Austin, who was originally booked as a heel, with such mannerisms as drinking on the job, using profanity, breaking company property, and even breaking into people's private homes. However, much to WWF's surprise, the fans enjoyed Austin's antics so much that he became one of the greatest antiheroes in the history of the business. He, along with the stable of D-Generation X, is generally credited with ushering in the Attitude Era of WWF programming.

Question: Who is a wrestler who never turned? 
Answer: Ricky Steamboat

Question: What did Stone Cold Steve Austin start as? 
Answer: heel

Question: What was The Rock's original character? 
Answer: Rocky Maivia

Question: What did Steve Austin become? 
Answer: one of the greatest antiheroes
In some cases a wrestler may possess admirable physical traits but perceived mediocre public speaking abilities (such as Brock Lesnar), or their gimmick may be that of a "wild savage" needing a handler (such as Kamala). Such performers have historically employed a manager, who speaks on their behalf and adds to the performance. Managers have sometimes become major personalities, including Bobby Heenan, Paul Heyman, Ernie Roth, and Paul Bearer. A manager role may also be filled by a "valet", typically an appealing female who may participate in love triangle storylines, "damsel in distress" situations, and scripted fights with female wrestlers. Some of these have also gone on to become recognized stars, such as Tammy Lynn Sytch, Stacy Keibler, and Miss Elizabeth.

Question: Who helps out a wrestler with poor speaking abilities?
Answer: manager

Question: What sometimes happens with managers?
Answer: become major personalities

Question: Who else can perform the manager role?
Answer: "valet

Question: Who might participate in a love triangle story? 
Answer: an appealing female
While true exhibition matches are not uncommon, most matches tell a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama: The face will sometimes win (triumph) or sometimes lose (tragedy). Longer story arcs can result from multiple matches over the course of time. Since most promotions have a championship title, competition for the championship is a common impetus for stories. Also, anything from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion can be wagered in a match. The same type of good vs. evil storylines were also once popular in roller derby.

Question: What do most matches have?
Answer: a story analogous to a scene in a play or film, or an episode of a serial drama:

Question: What is it called when the protagonist loses?
Answer: tragedy

Question: What do they call it when a protagonist wins? 
Answer: triumph

Question: What can be wagered in a match? 
Answer: from a character's own hair to their job with the promotion
Other stories result from a natural rivalry between two or more characters. Outside of performance, these are referred to as feuds. A feud can exist between any number of participants and can last for a few days up to multiple decades. The feud between Ric Flair and Ricky Steamboat lasted from the late 1970s into the early 1990s and allegedly spanned over two thousand matches (although most of those matches were mere dark matches). The career-spanning history between characters Mike Awesome and Masato Tanaka is another example of a long-running feud, as is the case of Stone Cold Steve Austin vs. Mr. McMahon, one of the most lucrative feuds in the World Wrestling Federation (WWF) during 1998 and 1999.

Question: What are rivalries often called?
Answer: feuds

Question: How long might a feud last?
Answer: a few days up to multiple decades

Question: How long did the feud between Ric Flair and Ricky Steamboat last? 
Answer: late 1970s into the early 1990s

Question: What is an example of a popular feud?
Answer: Stone Cold Steve Austin vs. Mr. McMahon
Also, anything that can be used as an element of drama can exist in professional wrestling stories: romantic relationships (including love triangles and marriage), racism, classism, nepotism, favoritism, corporate corruption, family bonds, personal histories, grudges, theft, cheating, assault, betrayal, bribery, seduction, stalking, confidence tricks, extortion, blackmail, substance abuse, self-doubt, self-sacrifice; even kidnapping, sexual fetishism, necrophilia, misogyny, rape and death have been portrayed in wrestling. Some promotions have included supernatural elements such as magic, curses, the undead and Satanic imagery (most notably The Undertaker and his Ministry of Darkness, a stable that regularly performed evil rituals and human sacrifice in Satanic-like worship of a hidden power figure). Celebrities would also be involved in storylines.

Question: What supernatural things have been portrayed in matches?
Answer: magic, curses, the undead and Satanic imagery

Question: What can be used in a wrestling story? 
Answer: anything that can be used as an element of drama

Question: What romantic drama might be used in a story? 
Answer: love triangles and marriage
Behind the scenes, the bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer, or those the bookers believe will generate fan interest in terms of event attendance and television viewership. Lower ranked titles may also be used on the performers who show potential, thus allowing them greater exposure to the audience. However other circumstances may also determine the use of a championship. A combination of a championship's lineage, the caliber of performers as champion, and the frequency and manner of title changes, dictates the audience's perception of the title's quality, significance and reputation.

Question: What happens behind the scenes of a match?
Answer: bookers in a company will place the title on the most accomplished performer,

Question: Who else do bookers focus on? 
Answer: those the bookers believe will generate fan interest

Question: Who might they use a lower ranked title on?
Answer: performers who show potential
A wrestler's championship accomplishments can be central to their career, becoming a measure of their performance ability and drawing power. In general, a wrestler with multiple title reigns or an extended title reign is indicative of a wrestler's ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring. As such, the most accomplished or decorated wrestlers tend to be revered as legends despite the predetermined nature of title reigns. American wrestler Ric Flair has had multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades. Japanese wrestler Último Dragón once held and defended a record 10 titles simultaneously.

Question: What does it show when a wrestler has many titles?
Answer: ability to maintain audience interest and/or a wrestler's ability to perform in the ring

Question: What can be important in a wrestler's career? 
Answer: championship accomplishments

Question: What do those accomplishments indicate? 
Answer: performance ability and drawing power

Question: What has Ric Flair accomplished? 
Answer: multiple world heavyweight championship reigns spanning over three decades

Question: Who held 10 records at once? 
Answer: Último Dragón
All notable wrestlers now enter the ring accompanied by music, and regularly add other elements to their entrance. The music played during the ring entrance will usually mirror the wrestler's personality. Many wrestlers, particularly in America, have music and lyrics specially written for their ring entrance. While invented long before, the practice of including music with the entrance gained rapid popularity during the 1980s, largely as a result of the huge success of Hulk Hogan and the WWF, and their Rock 'n' Wrestling Connection. When a match is won, the victor's theme music is usually also played in celebration.

Question: What occurs when a wrestler enters the ring?
Answer: accompanied by music

Question: What does the music playing indicate? 
Answer: the wrestler's personality

Question: What typically happens when a match is won?
Answer: victor's theme music is usually also played

Question: What happens with many wrestlers?
Answer: have music and lyrics specially written for their ring entrance
The women's division of professional wrestling has maintained a recognized world champion since 1937, when Mildred Burke won the original World Women's title. She then formed the World Women's Wrestling Association in the early 1950s and recognized herself as the first champion, although the championship would be vacated upon her retirement in 1956. The NWA, however, ceased to acknowledge Burke as their Women's World champion in 1954, and instead acknowledged June Byers as champion after a controversial finish to a high-profile match between Burke and Byers that year. Upon Byers' retirement in 1964, The Fabulous Moolah, who won a junior heavyweight version of the NWA World Women's Championship (the predecessor to the WWE's Women's Championship) in a tournament back in 1958, was recognized by most NWA promoters as champion by default.

Question: Who won the women's title in 1937?
Answer: Mildred Burke

Question: What did Mildred Burke form?
Answer: Women's Wrestling Association

Question: What year did June Byers retire? 
Answer: 1964

Question: What year did Mildred Burke retire? 
Answer: 1956
In the 1980s, mixed tag team matches began to take place, with a male and female on each team and a rule stating that each wrestler could only attack the opponent of the same gender. If a tag was made, the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well. Despite these restrictions, many mixed tag matches do feature some physical interaction between participants of different genders. For example, a heel may take a cheap shot at the female wrestler of the opposing team to draw a negative crowd reaction. In lucha libre, cheap-shots and male-female attacks are not uncommon.

Question: What does a mixed tag team consist of?
Answer: a male and female on each team

Question: When did mixed tag teams start? 
Answer: 1980s

Question: What happened when a tag was made? 
Answer: the other team had to automatically switch their legal wrestler as well

Question: What isn't uncommon in lucha libre?
Answer: cheap-shots and male-female attacks
Intergender singles bouts were first fought on a national level in the 1990s. This began with Luna Vachon, who faced men in ECW and WWF. Later, Chyna became the first female to hold a belt that was not exclusive to women when she won the Intercontinental Championship. While it is a rare feat in WWE, in TNA, ODB participates in singles intergender matches. Also, ODB's kayfabe husband and tag team partner Eric Young held the Knockouts Tag Team Championship for a record 478 days before it was stripped by Brooke Hogan because Young was a male.

Question: When were intergender singles bouts fought on a national scale? 
Answer: 1990s

Question: Who was the first woman to hold a belt that wasn't exclusive to women?
Answer: Chyna

Question: What was the record before it was stripped? 
Answer: 478 days

Question: Who stripped the previous record? 
Answer: Brooke Hogan