meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
The university first offered graduate degrees, in the form of a Master of Arts (MA), in the 1854–1855 academic year. The program expanded to include Master of Laws (LL.M.) and Master of Civil Engineering in its early stages of growth, before a formal graduate school education was developed with a thesis not required to receive the degrees. This changed in 1924 with formal requirements developed for graduate degrees, including offering Doctorate (PhD) degrees. Today each of the five colleges offer graduate education. Most of the departments from the College of Arts and Letters offer PhD programs, while a professional Master of Divinity (M.Div.) program also exists. All of the departments in the College of Science offer PhD programs, except for the Department of Pre-Professional Studies. The School of Architecture offers a Master of Architecture, while each of the departments of the College of Engineering offer PhD programs. The College of Business offers multiple professional programs including MBA and Master of Science in Accountancy programs. It also operates facilities in Chicago and Cincinnati for its executive MBA program. Additionally, the Alliance for Catholic Education program offers a Master of Education program where students study at the university during the summer and teach in Catholic elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools across the Southern United States for two school years.

Question: The granting of Doctorate degrees first occurred in what year at Notre Dame?
Answer: 1924

Question: What type of degree is an M.Div.?
Answer: Master of Divinity

Question: Which program at Notre Dame offers a Master of Education degree?
Answer: Alliance for Catholic Education

Question: In what year was a Master of Arts course first offered at Notre Dame?
Answer: 1854

Question: Which department at Notre Dame is the only one to not offer a PhD program?
Answer: Department of Pre-Professional Studies
The library system of the university is divided between the main library and each of the colleges and schools. The main building is the 14-story Theodore M. Hesburgh Library, completed in 1963, which is the third building to house the main collection of books. The front of the library is adorned with the Word of Life mural designed by artist Millard Sheets. This mural is popularly known as "Touchdown Jesus" because of its proximity to Notre Dame Stadium and Jesus' arms appearing to make the signal for a touchdown.

Question: How many stories tall is the main library at Notre Dame?
Answer: 14

Question: What is the name of the main library at Notre Dame?
Answer: Theodore M. Hesburgh Library

Question: In what year was the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library at Notre Dame finished?
Answer: 1963

Question: Which artist created the mural on the Theodore M. Hesburgh Library?
Answer: Millard Sheets

Question: What is a common name to reference the mural created by Millard Sheets at Notre Dame?
Answer: Touchdown Jesus
George Gipp was the school's legendary football player during 1916–20. He played semiprofessional baseball and smoked, drank, and gambled when not playing sports. He was also humble, generous to the needy, and a man of integrity. It was in 1928 that famed coach Knute Rockne used his final conversation with the dying Gipp to inspire the Notre Dame team to beat the Army team and "win one for the Gipper." The 1940 film, Knute Rockne, All American, starred Pat O'Brien as Knute Rockne and Ronald Reagan as Gipp. Today the team competes in Notre Dame Stadium, an 80,795-seat stadium on campus. The current head coach is Brian Kelly, hired from the University of Cincinnati on December 11, 2009. Kelly's record in midway through his sixth season at Notre Dame is 52–21. In 2012, Kelly's Fighting Irish squad went undefeated and played in the BCS National Championship Game. Kelly succeeded Charlie Weis, who was fired in November 2009 after five seasons. Although Weis led his team to two Bowl Championship Series bowl games, his overall record was 35–27, mediocre by Notre Dame standards, and the 2007 team had the most losses in school history. The football team generates enough revenue to operate independently while $22.1 million is retained from the team's profits for academic use. Forbes named the team as the most valuable in college football, worth a total of $101 million in 2007.

Question: What notable football player played at Notre Dame from 1916 to 1920?
Answer: George Gipp

Question: Against which opponent did Knute Rockne tell his team to "win one for the Gipper?"
Answer: the Army team

Question: Which person portrayed Knute Rockne in the 1940 movie "Knute Rockne?"
Answer: Pat O'Brien

Question: Ronald Reagan played the role of whom in 1940's "Knute Rockne?"
Answer: Gipp

Question: How many seats are in Notre Dame Stadium?
Answer: 80,795
Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter (/biːˈjɒnseɪ/ bee-YON-say) (born September 4, 1981) is an American singer, songwriter, record producer and actress. Born and raised in Houston, Texas, she performed in various singing and dancing competitions as a child, and rose to fame in the late 1990s as lead singer of R&B girl-group Destiny's Child. Managed by her father, Mathew Knowles, the group became one of the world's best-selling girl groups of all time. Their hiatus saw the release of Beyoncé's debut album, Dangerously in Love (2003), which established her as a solo artist worldwide, earned five Grammy Awards and featured the Billboard Hot 100 number-one singles "Crazy in Love" and "Baby Boy".

Question: When did Beyonce start becoming popular?
Answer: in the late 1990s

Question: What areas did Beyonce compete in when she was growing up?
Answer: singing and dancing

Question: When did Beyonce leave Destiny's Child and become a solo singer?
Answer: 2003

Question: In what city and state did Beyonce  grow up? 
Answer: Houston, Texas

Question: In which decade did Beyonce become famous?
Answer: late 1990s

Question: In what R&B group was she the lead singer?
Answer: Destiny's Child

Question: What album made her a worldwide known artist?
Answer: Dangerously in Love

Question: Who managed the Destiny's Child group?
Answer: Mathew Knowles

Question: In what city did Beyonce grow up?
Answer: Houston

Question: What was the name of Beyonce's first solo album?
Answer: Dangerously in Love

Question: On what date was Beyonce born?
Answer: September 4, 1981

Question: What is Beyonce's full name?
Answer: Beyoncé Giselle Knowles-Carter

Question: When did Beyoncé rise to fame?
Answer: late 1990s

Question: What role did Beyoncé have in Destiny's Child?
Answer: lead singer

Question: What was the first album Beyoncé released as a solo artist?
Answer: Dangerously in Love

Question: When did Beyoncé release Dangerously in Love?
Answer: 2003

Question: How many Grammy awards did Beyoncé win for her first solo album?
Answer: five

Question: What was Beyoncé's role in Destiny's Child?
Answer: lead singer

Question: What was the name of Beyoncé's first solo album?
Answer: Dangerously in Love

Question: When did Beyoncé release her first solo album?
Answer: 2003
LeToya Luckett and Roberson became unhappy with Mathew's managing of the band and eventually were replaced by Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams. Beyoncé experienced depression following the split with Luckett and Roberson after being publicly blamed by the media, critics, and blogs for its cause. Her long-standing boyfriend left her at this time. The depression was so severe it lasted for a couple of years, during which she occasionally kept herself in her bedroom for days and refused to eat anything. Beyoncé stated that she struggled to speak about her depression because Destiny's Child had just won their first Grammy Award and she feared no one would take her seriously. Beyoncé would later speak of her mother as the person who helped her fight it. Franklin was dismissed, leaving just Beyoncé, Rowland, and Williams.

Question: What mental health issue did Beyonce go through?
Answer: depression

Question: What event occured after she was publicly criticized?
Answer: boyfriend left her

Question: Who supported Beyonce through her depression?
Answer: her mother

Question: What event caused Beyonce's depression?
Answer: split with Luckett and Rober

Question: How long was Beyonce depressed?
Answer: a couple of years

Question: Who helped Beyonce fight her depression the most?
Answer: her mother

Question: Who replaced Luckett and Roberson in Destiny's Child?
Answer: Farrah Franklin and Michelle Williams.

Question: Who was blamed for Luckett and Roberson leaving Destiny's Child?
Answer: Beyoncé

Question: Who helped Beyoncé overcome her depression during the years following the Destiny's Child split?
Answer: her mother

Question: Which newest member was removed from Destiny's Child?
Answer: Farrah Franklin
Beyoncé's first solo recording was a feature on Jay Z's "'03 Bonnie & Clyde" that was released in October 2002, peaking at number four on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 chart. Her first solo album Dangerously in Love was released on June 24, 2003, after Michelle Williams and Kelly Rowland had released their solo efforts. The album sold 317,000 copies in its first week, debuted atop the Billboard 200, and has since sold 11 million copies worldwide. The album's lead single, "Crazy in Love", featuring Jay Z, became Beyoncé's first number-one single as a solo artist in the US. The single "Baby Boy" also reached number one, and singles, "Me, Myself and I" and "Naughty Girl", both reached the top-five. The album earned Beyoncé a then record-tying five awards at the 46th Annual Grammy Awards; Best Contemporary R&B Album, Best Female R&B Vocal Performance for "Dangerously in Love 2", Best R&B Song and Best Rap/Sung Collaboration for "Crazy in Love", and Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocals for "The Closer I Get to You" with Luther Vandross.

Question: What was the highest Beyonce's first solo recording achieved in the Billboard Hot 100?
Answer: number four

Question: Beyonce's first album by herself was called what?
Answer: Dangerously in Love

Question: How many has "Dangerously in Love" sould worldwide since its debut?
Answer: 11 million

Question: Beyonce's first number one song was which song?
Answer: Crazy in Love

Question: How many top five singles came from her first album?
Answer: four

Question: Beyonce's first solo album in the U.S. with what artist in the lead single?
Answer: Jay Z

Question: What solo album did Beyonce release in 2003?
Answer: Dangerously in Love

Question:  The album, Dangerously in Love  achieved what spot on the Billboard Top 100 chart?
Answer: number four

Question: "The Closer I get to You" was recorded with which artist?
Answer: Luther Vandross

Question: Which artist was associated with Beyoncé's premiere solo recording?
Answer: Jay Z

Question: When did Beyoncé release her first solo album?
Answer: June 24, 2003

Question: What is the lead single on Beyoncé's first album?
Answer: Crazy in Love

Question: Who helped Beyoncé earn a Grammy award for Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group at the 46th annual Grammy Awards?
Answer: Luther Vandross.

Question: How many awards did Beyoncé win at the 46th Grammy's Awards?
Answer: five.
In November 2003, she embarked on the Dangerously in Love Tour in Europe and later toured alongside Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys for the Verizon Ladies First Tour in North America. On February 1, 2004, Beyoncé performed the American national anthem at Super Bowl XXXVIII, at the Reliant Stadium in Houston, Texas. After the release of Dangerously in Love, Beyoncé had planned to produce a follow-up album using several of the left-over tracks. However, this was put on hold so she could concentrate on recording Destiny Fulfilled, the final studio album by Destiny's Child. Released on November 15, 2004, in the US and peaking at number two on the Billboard 200, Destiny Fulfilled included the singles "Lose My Breath" and "Soldier", which reached the top five on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. Destiny's Child embarked on a worldwide concert tour, Destiny Fulfilled... and Lovin' It and during the last stop of their European tour, in Barcelona on June 11, 2005, Rowland announced that Destiny's Child would disband following the North American leg of the tour. The group released their first compilation album Number 1's on October 25, 2005, in the US and accepted a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in March 2006.

Question: Destiny's Child's final album was named what?
Answer: Destiny Fulfilled

Question: Destiny's Child got a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in what year?
Answer: 2006

Question: In what year did Beyonce embark on her Dangerously in Love tour of Europe?
Answer: November 2003

Question: What was the name of the final album of Destiny's Child?
Answer: Destiny Fulfilled

Question: It was announced that Destiny's Child would  disban in what European city?
Answer: Barcelona

Question: When did Destiny's Child get their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame?
Answer: March 2006

Question: What was the name of Beyoncé's European start that started in November 2003?
Answer: Dangerously in Love Tour

Question: Who did Beyoncé tour with for the Verizon Lades First Tour?
Answer: Missy Elliott and Alicia Keys

Question: What major event did Beyoncé perform at on February 1, 2004?
Answer: Super Bowl XXXVIII

Question: What is the name of the final studio album from Destiny's Child?
Answer: Destiny Fulfilled.
Her first acting role of 2006 was in the comedy film The Pink Panther starring opposite Steve Martin, grossing $158.8 million at the box office worldwide. Her second film Dreamgirls, the film version of the 1981 Broadway musical loosely based on The Supremes, received acclaim from critics and grossed $154 million internationally. In it, she starred opposite Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy playing a pop singer based on Diana Ross. To promote the film, Beyoncé released "Listen" as the lead single from the soundtrack album. In April 2007, Beyoncé embarked on The Beyoncé Experience, her first worldwide concert tour, visiting 97 venues and grossed over $24 million.[note 1] Beyoncé conducted pre-concert food donation drives during six major stops in conjunction with her pastor at St. John's and America's Second Harvest. At the same time, B'Day was re-released with five additional songs, including her duet with Shakira "Beautiful Liar".

Question: What movie did Beyonce act in 2006?
Answer: The Pink Panther

Question: Her second movie Beyonce did was what film?
Answer: Dreamgirls

Question: The single, "Listen" was featured in which movie?
Answer: Dreamgirls

Question: Beyonce's first world tour was when?
Answer: 2007

Question: How much money did Beyonce's tour make in 2007?
Answer: 24 million

Question: How many millions of dollars did ''The Pink Panther'' gross world-wide?
Answer: 158.8 million

Question: What did Beyonce call her first concert tour?
Answer: The Beyoncé Experience

Question: Who was Beyonce's duet with in ''Beautiful Liar''?
Answer: Shakira

Question: Which film did Beyoncé star with Steve Martin in?
Answer: The Pink Panther

Question: Beyoncé's role in Dreamgirls was based on what pop singer?
Answer: Diana Ross.

Question: What was the lead single for the Dreamgirls soundtrack?
Answer: Listen

Question: What was the name of Beyoncé's first international tour?
Answer: The Beyoncé Experience

Question: What pop singer did a duet with Beyoncé on Beautiful Liar?
Answer: Shakira
On April 4, 2008, Beyoncé married Jay Z. She publicly revealed their marriage in a video montage at the listening party for her third studio album, I Am... Sasha Fierce, in Manhattan's Sony Club on October 22, 2008. I Am... Sasha Fierce was released on November 18, 2008 in the United States. The album formally introduces Beyoncé's alter ego Sasha Fierce, conceived during the making of her 2003 single "Crazy in Love", selling 482,000 copies in its first week, debuting atop the Billboard 200, and giving Beyoncé her third consecutive number-one album in the US. The album featured the number-one song "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)" and the top-five songs "If I Were a Boy" and "Halo". Achieving the accomplishment of becoming her longest-running Hot 100 single in her career, "Halo"'s success in the US helped Beyoncé attain more top-ten singles on the list than any other woman during the 2000s. It also included the successful "Sweet Dreams", and singles "Diva", "Ego", "Broken-Hearted Girl" and "Video Phone". The music video for "Single Ladies" has been parodied and imitated around the world, spawning the "first major dance craze" of the Internet age according to the Toronto Star. The video has won several awards, including Best Video at the 2009 MTV Europe Music Awards, the 2009 Scottish MOBO Awards, and the 2009 BET Awards. At the 2009 MTV Video Music Awards, the video was nominated for nine awards, ultimately winning three including Video of the Year. Its failure to win the Best Female Video category, which went to American country pop singer Taylor Swift's "You Belong with Me", led to Kanye West interrupting the ceremony and Beyoncé improvising a re-presentation of Swift's award during her own acceptance speech. In March 2009, Beyoncé embarked on the I Am... World Tour, her second headlining worldwide concert tour, consisting of 108 shows, grossing $119.5 million.

Question: Beyonce got married in 2008 to whom?
Answer: Jay Z

Question: Her third album, "I am...Sasha Fierce" was released when?
Answer: November 18, 2008

Question: For which decade, did Beyonce have more top ten songs than any other woman?
Answer: 2000s

Question: Which singer beat out Beyonce for best video performance?
Answer: Taylor Swift

Question: In 2009, Beyonce started her second world tour and grossed how much money?
Answer: 119.5 million

Question: How did she reveal the marriage?
Answer: in a video montage

Question: When did Beyonce begin her second world tour?
Answer: March 2009

Question: Who beat out Beyonce for Best Female Video ?
Answer: Taylor Swift

Question: How much did the second world tour make in dollars?
Answer: 119.5 million

Question: When did Beyoncé get married?
Answer: April 4, 2008

Question: Who did Beyoncé marry?
Answer: Jay Z.

Question: Who is Beyoncé's alter ego?
Answer: Sasha Fierce

Question: The video for what song won Beyoncé the 2009 MTV Video of the Year award?
Answer: Single Ladies

Question: Which prominent star felt the 2009 Female Video of the Year award should have went to Beyoncé instead of Taylor Swift?
Answer: Kanye West
Beyoncé further expanded her acting career, starring as blues singer Etta James in the 2008 musical biopic, Cadillac Records. Her performance in the film received praise from critics, and she garnered several nominations for her portrayal of James, including a Satellite Award nomination for Best Supporting Actress, and a NAACP Image Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actress. Beyoncé donated her entire salary from the film to Phoenix House, an organization of rehabilitation centers for heroin addicts around the country. On January 20, 2009, Beyoncé performed James' "At Last" at the First Couple's first inaugural ball. Beyoncé starred opposite Ali Larter and Idris Elba in the thriller, Obsessed. She played Sharon Charles, a mother and wife who learns of a woman's obsessive behavior over her husband. Although the film received negative reviews from critics, the movie did well at the US box office, grossing $68 million—$60 million more than Cadillac Records—on a budget of $20 million. The fight scene finale between Sharon and the character played by Ali Larter also won the 2010 MTV Movie Award for Best Fight.

Question: Beyonce portrayed which character in the film, Cadillac Records?
Answer: Etta James

Question: Beyonce gave her entire salary from Cadillac Records to which organization?
Answer: Phoenix House

Question: Which song did Beyonce sing at the first couple's inaugural ball? 
Answer: At Last

Question: What genre of film was the movie, Obsessed, in which Beyonce starred in?
Answer: thriller

Question: A fight scene from the movie, Obsessed, won which award for Beyonce?
Answer: MTV Movie Award for Best Fight

Question: Where did Beyonce donate her salary from the movie Cadillac Records?
Answer: Phoenix House

Question: What thriller film did Beyonce star in?
Answer: Obsessed

Question: What was the name of the woman she played in Obsessed?
Answer: Sharon Charles

Question: How much more that the buget did the film gross?
Answer: 60 million

Question: Which singer did Beyoncé portray in Cadillac Records?
Answer: Etta James

Question: Which organization received Beyoncé's entire Cadillac Records salary?
Answer: Phoenix House

Question: Where did Beyoncé perform on January 20, 2009?
Answer: the First Couple's first inaugural ball.

Question: Which thriller film did Beyoncé star in with Ali Larter?
Answer: Obsessed.
At the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé received ten nominations, including Album of the Year for I Am... Sasha Fierce, Record of the Year for "Halo", and Song of the Year for "Single Ladies (Put a Ring on It)", among others. She tied with Lauryn Hill for most Grammy nominations in a single year by a female artist. In 2010, Beyoncé was featured on Lady Gaga's single "Telephone" and its music video. The song topped the US Pop Songs chart, becoming the sixth number-one for both Beyoncé and Gaga, tying them with Mariah Carey for most number-ones since the Nielsen Top 40 airplay chart launched in 1992. "Telephone" received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals.

Question: How many awards was Beyonce nominated for at the 52nd Grammy Awards?
Answer: ten

Question: Beyonce tied with which artist for most nominations by a female artist?
Answer: Lauryn Hill

Question: In 2010, Beyonce worked with which other famous singer?
Answer: Lady Gaga

Question: How many number one singles did Beyonce now have after the song "Telephone"?
Answer: six

Question: Beyonce tied who for most number one singles by a female?
Answer: Mariah Carey

Question: Beyonce received how many nominations at the 52nd Annual Grammy Awards?
Answer: ten nominations

Question: What song was the sixth first place song for Beyonce?
Answer: Telephone

Question: Who else appeared with Beyonce in Telephone?
Answer: Lady Gaga

Question: Who did they tie with for six top songs?
Answer: Mariah Carey

Question: Who did Beyonce tie with for the most nominations in a year?
Answer: Lauryn Hill

Question: How many nominations did Beyoncé receive at the 52nd Grammy Awards ceremony?
Answer: ten

Question: Who did Beyoncé tie with for the most Grammy nominations for female artists?
Answer: Lauryn Hill

Question: Beyoncé was a featured artist on which singer's hit, Telephone?
Answer: Lady Gaga

Question: Who did Beyoncé and Lady Gaga tie with for the most number one hits since 1992?
Answer: Mariah Carey
In January 2013, Destiny's Child released Love Songs, a compilation album of the romance-themed songs from their previous albums and a newly recorded track, "Nuclear". Beyoncé performed the American national anthem singing along with a pre-recorded track at President Obama's second inauguration in Washington, D.C. The following month, Beyoncé performed at the Super Bowl XLVII halftime show, held at the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans. The performance stands as the second most tweeted about moment in history at 268,000 tweets per minute. At the 55th Annual Grammy Awards, Beyoncé won for Best Traditional R&B Performance for "Love on Top". Her feature-length documentary film, Life Is But a Dream, first aired on HBO on February 16, 2013. The film, which she directed and produced herself, featured footage from her childhood, her as a mother and businesswoman, recording, rehearsing for live performances, and her return to the spotlight following Blue Ivy's birth. Its DVD release in November 2013 was accompanied by footage from the Revel Presents: Beyoncé Live concerts and a new song, "God Made You Beautiful". In February 2013, Beyoncé signed a global publishing agreement with Warner/Chappell Music, which would cover her future songwriting and then-upcoming studio album.

Question: Destiny's Child released a compilation album about which topic?
Answer: romance

Question: Beyonce's documentary movie was called what?
Answer: Life Is But a Dream

Question: What did Beyonce sign in 2013?
Answer: global publishing agreement

Question: When did Destiny's Child release its album "Love Songs"?
Answer: January 2013

Question: What was the title of the added track in Love Songs?
Answer: Nuclear

Question: At whose inauguration did she perform the National Anthem?
Answer: President Obama

Question: How many Tweets per minute did the half time show get?
Answer: 268,000 tweets per minute

Question: When did Destiny's Child release Love Songs?
Answer: January 2013

Question: What was the new track for Love Songs?
Answer: Nuclear

Question: What did Beyoncé sing at President Obama's second inauguration?
Answer: the American national anthem

Question: What event did Beyoncé perform at one month after Obama's inauguration? 
Answer: Super Bowl XLVII halftime show

Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's documentary film?
Answer: Life Is But a Dream
On December 13, 2013, Beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes Store without any prior announcement or promotion. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album in the US. This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one. Beyoncé received critical acclaim and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days; The New York Times noted the album's unconventional, unexpected release as significant. Musically an electro-R&B album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as "bulimia, postnatal depression [and] the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood". The single "Drunk in Love", featuring Jay Z, peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In April 2014, after much speculation in the weeks before, Beyoncé and Jay Z officially announced their On the Run Tour. It served as the couple's first co-headlining stadium tour together. On August 24, 2014, she received the Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. Knowles also took home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for "Pretty Hurts", as well as best collaboration for "Drunk in Love". In November, Forbes reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row—earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013. Beyoncé was reissued with new material in three forms: as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition.

Question: Where did Beyonce release her 5th album to a huge surprise?
Answer: the iTunes Store

Question: When did Beyonce get her fifth consecutive number one hit album?
Answer: December 13, 2013

Question: Where was the album released? 
Answer: the iTunes Store

Question: Who joined Beyonce on her On The Run Tour?
Answer: Jay Z

Question: Who reported Beyonce to e the top earning woman in music?
Answer: Forbes

Question: How much more were her earnings that the year before?
Answer: more than double her earnings

Question: When did Beyoncé release her fifth studio album?
Answer: December 13, 2013

Question: How many digital copies of her fifth album did Beyoncé sell in six days?
Answer: one million

Question: What song on Beyoncé's fifth studio album featured her husband?
Answer: Drunk in Love

Question: What was the name of the tour featuring both Beyoncé and Jay Z?
Answer: On the Run Tour.
The feminism and female empowerment themes on Beyoncé's second solo album B'Day were inspired by her role in Dreamgirls and by singer Josephine Baker. Beyoncé paid homage to Baker by performing "Déjà Vu" at the 2006 Fashion Rocks concert wearing Baker's trademark mini-hula skirt embellished with fake bananas. Beyoncé's third solo album I Am... Sasha Fierce was inspired by Jay Z and especially by Etta James, whose "boldness" inspired Beyoncé to explore other musical genres and styles. Her fourth solo album, 4, was inspired by Fela Kuti, 1990s R&B, Earth, Wind & Fire, DeBarge, Lionel Richie, Teena Marie with additional influences by The Jackson 5, New Edition, Adele, Florence and the Machine, and Prince.

Question: What themes were influenced by her acting role in Dreamgirls?
Answer: feminism and female empowerment

Question: Which singer did Beyonce honor by entertaining with her song "Deja Vu"?
Answer: Josephine Baker

Question: Who motivated Beyonce to explore other areas of music?
Answer: Etta James

Question: What movie influenced Beyonce towards empowerment themes? 
Answer: Dreamgirls

Question: How did Etta James influence her?
Answer: boldness

Question: Where did she perform wearing Baker's hula skirt?
Answer: 2006 Fashion Rocks concert

Question: What singer inspired Beyoncé's B'Day album?
Answer: Josephine Baker.

Question: What song did Beyoncé sing at a 2006 concert to honor Josephine Baker?
Answer: Déjà Vu
In October 2014, it was announced that Beyoncé with her management company Parkwood Entertainment would be partnering with London-based fashion retailer Topshop, in a new 50/50 split subsidiary business named Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd. The new division was created for Topshop to break into the activewear market, with an athletic, street wear brand being produced. "Creating a partnership with Beyoncé, one of the most hard-working and talented people in the world, who spends many hours of her life dancing, rehearsing and training is a unique opportunity to develop this category" stated Sir Philip Green on the partnership. The company and collection is set to launch and hit stores in the fall of 2015.

Question: Who did Bayonce's management go into business with in 2014?
Answer: fashion retailer Topshop

Question: After their agreement together, Beyonce's and Topshop" new business was called what?
Answer: Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd

Question: What type of clothing does Parkwood Topshop Athletic Ltd produce?
Answer: activewear

Question: The company and products were set to be in stores when?
Answer: fall of 2015

Question: Who did Beyonce partner with in London?
Answer: Topshop

Question: When will the new line launch?
Answer: 2015

Question: What is the name of Beyoncé's management company?
Answer: Parkwood Entertainment

Question: Who did Beyoncé and Parkwood Entertainment partner with in October 2014?
Answer: Topshop

Question: Where is Topshop located?
Answer: London

Question: What was the new division of Topshop because of the partnership?
Answer: activewear
Beyoncé participated in George Clooney and Wyclef Jean's Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit for Earthquake Relief telethon and was named the official face of the limited edition CFDA "Fashion For Haiti" T-shirt, made by Theory which raised a total of $1 million. On March 5, 2010, Beyoncé and her mother Tina opened the Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House, offering a seven-month cosmetology training course for men and women. In April 2011, Beyoncé joined forces with US First Lady Michelle Obama and the National Association of Broadcasters Education Foundation, to help boost the latter's campaign against child obesity by reworking her single "Get Me Bodied". Following the death of Osama bin Laden, Beyoncé released her cover of the Lee Greenwood song "God Bless the USA", as a charity single to help raise funds for the New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund.

Question: Who did Beyonce participate with in the Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit?
Answer: George Clooney and Wyclef Jean

Question: Beyonce opened a cosmetology center in what location?
Answer: Brooklyn Phoenix House

Question: After Osama Bin Laden's death, what single did Beyonce cover?
Answer: God Bless the USA

Question: How much did the T-shirt with Beyonce's image on it make? 
Answer: $1 million

Question: What enterprise did Beyonce and her mother start on March 5, 2010?
Answer: Beyoncé Cosmetology Center at the Brooklyn Phoenix House

Question: What charity benefited from  the release of the song, God Bless the USA?
Answer: New York Police and Fire Widows' and Children's Benefit Fund

Question: What did she participate in with George Clooney?
Answer: Hope for Haiti Now: A Global Benefit

Question: Which two stars did Beyoncé help with their Haiti Earthquake organization?
Answer: George Clooney and Wyclef Jean

Question: What did Beyoncé open at the Brooklyn Phoenix House in 2010?
Answer: Beyoncé Cosmetology Center

Question: What Lee Greenwood song did Beyoncé cover after Osama bin Laden was killed?
Answer: God Bless the USA
Montana's motto, Oro y Plata, Spanish for "Gold and Silver", recognizing the significant role of mining, was first adopted in 1865, when Montana was still a territory. A state seal with a miner's pick and shovel above the motto, surrounded by the mountains and the Great Falls of the Missouri River, was adopted during the first meeting of the territorial legislature in 1864–65. The design was only slightly modified after Montana became a state and adopted it as the Great Seal of the State of Montana, enacted by the legislature in 1893. The state flower, the bitterroot, was adopted in 1895 with the support of a group called the Floral Emblem Association, which formed after Montana's Women's Christian Temperance Union adopted the bitterroot as the organization's state flower. All other symbols were adopted throughout the 20th century, save for Montana's newest symbol, the state butterfly, the mourning cloak, adopted in 2001, and the state lullaby, "Montana Lullaby", adopted in 2007.

Question: What is Montana's motto? 
Answer: Oro y Plata

Question: What does Montana's motto mean?
Answer: "Gold and Silver"

Question: When was the motto adopted?
Answer: 1865

Question: WHen was the state flower adopted?
Answer: 1895

Question: What is the state flower for Montana?
Answer: bitterroot
After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.

Question: In 1948, what general assembly resolution established genocide as a prosecutable act? 
Answer: the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide

Question: In which war-era country was the Holocaust immortalized? 
Answer: Nazi Germany

Question: Following World War II, whose bid was successful in establishing the worldwide acceptance and the nascent legal definition of genocide?
Answer: Lemkin

Question: Which group convened officially for the first time in 1946?
Answer: United Nations General Assembly

Question: While recognizing genocide, what did the UN General Assembly fail to do in its resolution?
Answer: provide a legal definition of the crime
The study of genocide has mainly been focused towards the legal aspect of the term. By formally recognizing the act of genocide as a crime, involves the undergoing prosecution that begins with not only seeing genocide as outrageous past any moral standpoint but also may be a legal liability within international relations. When genocide is looked at in a general aspect it is viewed as the deliberate killing of a certain group. Yet is commonly seen to escape the process of trial and prosecution due to the fact that genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power of a state or area. In 1648 before the term genocide had been coined, the Peace of Westphalia was established to protect ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups. During the 19th century humanitarian intervention was needed due to the fact of conflict and justification of some of the actions executed by the military.

Question: What has been the primary focus in the study of genocide?
Answer: legal aspect of the term

Question: In prosecuting genocide, what must the act be formally acknowledged as?
Answer: a crime

Question: In a general aspect, what is genocide viewed as?
Answer: the deliberate killing of a certain group

Question: In trials of genocidal crimes, what responsibly party is difficult to prosecute? 
Answer: officials in power of a state or area

Question: Long before genocide was established as a legal term, what treaty was in place to protect various groups from persecution and mass killings?
Answer: the Peace of Westphalia

Question: Why does genocide often go unpunished?
Answer: genocide is more often than not committed by the officials in power

Question: Who was the Peace of Westphalia designed to protect?
Answer: ethnic, national, racial and in some instances religious groups

Question: What year was the Peace of Westphalia signed?
Answer: 1648
Genocide has become an official term used in international relations. The word genocide was not in use before 1944. Before this, in 1941, Winston Churchill described the mass killing of Russian prisoners of war and civilians as "a crime without a name". In that year, a Polish-Jewish lawyer named Raphael Lemkin, described the policies of systematic murder founded by the Nazis as genocide. The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill). The word is defined as a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them.

Question: When was the word "genocide" first used?
Answer: 1944

Question: What is the etymology of the term "genocide"?
Answer: The word genocide is the combination of the Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill).

Question: What is the definition of genocide?
Answer: a specific set of violent crimes that are committed against a certain group with the attempt to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them

Question: Who coined the term "genocide"?
Answer: Raphael Lemkin

Question: Who referred to acts of genocide in 1941?
Answer: Winston Churchill

Question: The word "genocide" was unknown until what year?
Answer: 1944

Question: In 1941, how did Winston Churchill refer to the mass killings of Russian prisoners of war?
Answer: as "a crime without a name"

Question: What was the name of the Polish-Jewish lawyer who first described Nazi atrocities as "genocide?" 
Answer: Raphael Lemkin

Question: What is the etymological basis of the word "genocide?"
Answer: Greek prefix geno- (meaning tribe or race) and caedere (the Latin word for to kill)

Question: As it pertains to violent crimes against targeted groups, what is the ultimate motivation within the actions of genocide?
Answer: to remove the entire group from existence or to destroy them
The judges continue in paragraph 12, "The determination of when the targeted part is substantial enough to meet this requirement may involve a number of considerations. The numeric size of the targeted part of the group is the necessary and important starting point, though not in all cases the ending point of the inquiry. The number of individuals targeted should be evaluated not only in absolute terms, but also in relation to the overall size of the entire group. In addition to the numeric size of the targeted portion, its prominence within the group can be a useful consideration. If a specific part of the group is emblematic of the overall group, or is essential to its survival, that may support a finding that the part qualifies as substantial within the meaning of Article 4 [of the Tribunal's Statute]."

Question: Several considerations were involved in meeting the requirement to determine what?  
Answer: when the targeted part is substantial enough

Question: What is the key aspect of the targeted part of the group at the starting point of the inquiry? 
Answer: The numeric size

Question: The number of people targeted in a genocide should not be solely evaluated by what?
Answer: absolute terms

Question: In addition to the numeric size of a targeted group, what other consideration was useful to the ICTY?
Answer: prominence within the group
In paragraph 13 the judges raise the issue of the perpetrators' access to the victims: "The historical examples of genocide also suggest that the area of the perpetrators’ activity and control, as well as the possible extent of their reach, should be considered. ... The intent to destroy formed by a perpetrator of genocide will always be limited by the opportunity presented to him. While this factor alone will not indicate whether the targeted group is substantial, it can—in combination with other factors—inform the analysis."

Question: The issue of what is raised by judges in Paragraph 13? 
Answer: perpetrators' access to the victims

Question: What is the basis for suggesting that several factors regarding the activity of the perpetrators be considered? 
Answer: historical examples of genocide

Question: The extent of what by the perpetrators was considered in an examination of their activity and level of control?
Answer: possible extent of their reach

Question: What will always be restricted in terms of a perpetrator's intent to destroy?
Answer: the opportunity presented to him

Question: While the factor cannot independently indicate if the targeted group is substantial, it can do what?
Answer: inform the analysis
The Convention came into force as international law on 12 January 1951 after the minimum 20 countries became parties. At that time however, only two of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council were parties to the treaty: France and the Republic of China. The Soviet Union ratified in 1954, the United Kingdom in 1970, the People's Republic of China in 1983 (having replaced the Taiwan-based Republic of China on the UNSC in 1971), and the United States in 1988. This long delay in support for the Convention by the world's most powerful nations caused the Convention to languish for over four decades. Only in the 1990s did the international law on the crime of genocide begin to be enforced.

Question: On which date did the Genocide Convention become effective?
Answer: 12 January 1951

Question: What was the minimum number of countries necessary to form parties? 
Answer: 20

Question: Of the five permanent members of the UN Security Council, how many were parties to the treaty?
Answer: only two

Question: What member ratified in 1970?
Answer: the United Kingdom

Question: The delay in support by certain powerful members meant the Convention was largely powerless for over how many decades?
Answer: four
Jonassohn and Björnson postulate that the major reason why no single generally accepted genocide definition has emerged is because academics have adjusted their focus to emphasise different periods and have found it expedient to use slightly different definitions to help them interpret events. For example, Frank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn studied the whole of human history, while Leo Kuper and R. J. Rummel in their more recent works concentrated on the 20th century, and Helen Fein, Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr have looked at post World War II events. Jonassohn and Björnson are critical of some of these studies, arguing that they are too expansive, and conclude that the academic discipline of genocide studies is too young to have a canon of work on which to build an academic paradigm.

Question: What two writers examined the lack of an accepted and singular definition for genocide?
Answer: Jonassohn and Björnson

Question: The two writers suggested that academics adjusted what in their different definitions to assist them in interpreting events? 
Answer: their focus

Question: What writer joined Jonassohn in the study of the whole of human history?
Answer: Frank Chalk

Question: With whom was Leo Kuper paired in research that focused on 20th century works?
Answer: R. J. Rummel

Question: Two women and what man concentrated on post World War II events?
Answer: Ted Gurr
The exclusion of social and political groups as targets of genocide in the CPPCG legal definition has been criticized by some historians and sociologists, for example M. Hassan Kakar in his book The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response, 1979–1982 argues that the international definition of genocide is too restricted, and that it should include political groups or any group so defined by the perpetrator and quotes Chalk and Jonassohn: "Genocide is a form of one-sided mass killing in which a state or other authority intends to destroy a group, as that group and membership in it are defined by the perpetrator." While there are various definitions of the term, Adam Jones states that the majority of genocide scholars consider that "intent to destroy" is a requirement for any act to be labelled genocide, and that there is growing agreement on the inclusion of the physical destruction criterion.

Question: Some historians were critical of what exclusion in the definition of victims of genocide?
Answer: social and political groups

Question: In what book did Kakar contend that the international definition of genocide was too narrow?
Answer: The Soviet Invasion and the Afghan Response

Question: Kakar argued that the definition should include any group defined by the perpetrator and which other group?
Answer: political groups

Question: In the writing of Chalk and Jonassohn, what is stated to be a form of one-sided mass killing?
Answer: Genocide

Question: In further elaborating on the definition, how did Chalk and Jonassohn phrase the intention of the perpetrator? 
Answer: intends to destroy a group
Highlighting the potential for state and non-state actors to commit genocide in the 21st century, for example, in failed states or as non-state actors acquire weapons of mass destruction, Adrian Gallagher defined genocide as 'When a source of collective power (usually a state) intentionally uses its power base to implement a process of destruction in order to destroy a group (as defined by the perpetrator), in whole or in substantial part, dependent upon relative group size'. The definition upholds the centrality of intent, the multidimensional understanding of destroy, broadens the definition of group identity beyond that of the 1948 definition yet argues that a substantial part of a group has to be destroyed before it can be classified as genocide (dependent on relative group size).

Question: In terms of failed states and non-state actors, the possession of weapons of mass destruction was an issue examined by which writer?
Answer: Adrian Gallagher

Question: In Gallagher's definition of genocide, a source of what is malicious in it implementation of the destruction of a group? 
Answer: collective power

Question: Gallagher's definition upholds the centrality of what?
Answer: intent

Question: The centrality of intent broadens what definition, beyond the 1948 one?
Answer: group identity

Question: In order for a genocide classification to happen, a major part of a group has to be what?
Answer: destroyed