meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
The age of consent to sexual activity varies widely between jurisdictions, ranging from 12 to 20 years, as does the age at which people are allowed to marry. Specific legal ages for adolescents that also vary by culture are enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of alcohol, cigarettes or items with parental advisory labels. It should be noted that the legal coming of age often does not correspond with the sudden realization of autonomy; many adolescents who have legally reached adult age are still dependent on their guardians or peers for emotional and financial support. Nonetheless, new legal privileges converge with shifting social expectations to usher in a phase of heightened independence or social responsibility for most legal adolescents.

Question: What is the range of consentual age variance between jurisdictions?
Answer: 12 to 20 years

Question: Is the age that peope are allowed to marry universally decided upon?
Answer: No

Question: What are other areas in which legal societal age varies?
Answer: enlisting in the military, gambling, and the purchase of alcohol, cigarettes or items with parental advisory labels
Antarctica, on average, is the coldest, driest, and windiest continent, and has the highest average elevation of all the continents. Antarctica is considered a desert, with annual precipitation of only 200 mm (8 in) along the coast and far less inland. The temperature in Antarctica has reached −89.2 °C (−128.6 °F), though the average for the third quarter (the coldest part of the year) is −63 °C (−81 °F). There are no permanent human residents, but anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000 people reside throughout the year at the research stations scattered across the continent. Organisms native to Antarctica include many types of algae, bacteria, fungi, plants, protista, and certain animals, such as mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades. Vegetation, where it occurs, is tundra.

Question: What type of land is Antarctica considered to be?
Answer: desert

Question: What is Antarctica's annual precipitation along the coast?
Answer: 200 mm (8 in)

Question: What is Antarctica's average temperature during the coldest part of the year?
Answer: −63 °C (−81 °F)

Question: Approximately how many people live throughout the year at research stations across Antarctica?
Answer: anywhere from 1,000 to 5,000

Question: What are some animals native to Antarctica?
Answer: mites, nematodes, penguins, seals and tardigrades

Question: Which continent is the highest in elevation?
Answer: Antarctica

Question: What is the annual precipitation rate of coastal Antarctica?
Answer: 200 mm

Question: What is the average coldest temperature?
Answer: −63 °C

Question: What is the coldest recorded temperature?
Answer: −89.2 °C

Question: Ehat is the vegetation type on Antarctica? 
Answer: tundra
Antarctica has no indigenous population and there is no evidence that it was seen by humans until the 19th century. However, belief in the existence of a Terra Australis—a vast continent in the far south of the globe to "balance" the northern lands of Europe, Asia and North Africa—had existed since the times of Ptolemy (1st century AD), who suggested the idea to preserve the symmetry of all known landmasses in the world. Even in the late 17th century, after explorers had found that South America and Australia were not part of the fabled "Antarctica", geographers believed that the continent was much larger than its actual size.

Question: When was the first time humans visited Antarctica?
Answer: 19th century

Question: What was Antarctica presumed to be by the ancient thinkers?
Answer: balance

Question: What did Ptolemy suggest that a southern land mass would do to preserve? 
Answer: symmetry

Question: Of what did early explores think Australia and South America were part?
Answer: Antarctica

Question: Early geographers thought that Antarctica was what in size?
Answer: larger
After Mary continued in the "blood of her purifying" another 33 days for a total of 40 days, she brought her burnt offering and sin offering to the Temple in Jerusalem,[Luke 2:22] so the priest could make atonement for her sins, being cleansed from her blood.[Leviticus 12:1-8] They also presented Jesus –  "As it is written in the law of the Lord, Every male that openeth the womb shall be called holy to the Lord" (Luke 2:23other verses). After the prophecies of Simeon and the prophetess Anna in Luke 2:25-38 concluded, Joseph and Mary took Jesus and "returned into Galilee, to their own city Nazareth".[Luke 2:39]

Question: How long in total was the "blood of her purifying" for Mary?
Answer: 40 days

Question: Where did Mary bring a burnt offering and sin offering?
Answer: the Temple in Jerusalem

Question: Who was presented at the Temple in Jerusalem?
Answer: Jesus

Question: Who prophesized in Luke 2:25-38?
Answer: Simeon and the prophetess Anna in

Question: To which Galilean city did Joseph and Mary take Jesus?
Answer: Nazareth
According to the writer of Luke, Mary was a relative of Elizabeth, wife of the priest Zechariah of the priestly division of Abijah, who was herself part of the lineage of Aaron and so of the tribe of Levi.[Luke 1:5;1:36] Some of those who consider that the relationship with Elizabeth was on the maternal side, consider that Mary, like Joseph, to whom she was betrothed, was of the House of David and so of the Tribe of Judah, and that the genealogy of Jesus presented in Luke 3 from Nathan, third son of David and Bathsheba, is in fact the genealogy of Mary,[need quotation to verify] while the genealogy from Solomon given in Matthew 1 is that of Joseph. (Aaron's wife Elisheba was of the tribe of Judah, so all their descendants are from both Levi and Judah.)[Num.1:7 & Ex.6:23]

Question: What was Zechariah's occupation?
Answer: priest

Question: Which tribe did Elizabeth belong to?
Answer: Levi

Question: Who was Aaron's wife?
Answer: Elisheba

Question: Which tribe did Elisheba belong to?
Answer: Judah

Question: Who was the third son of David and Bathsheba?
Answer: Nathan
Mary is also depicted as being present among the women at the crucifixion during the crucifixion standing near "the disciple whom Jesus loved" along with Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene,[Jn 19:25-26] to which list Matthew 27:56 adds "the mother of the sons of Zebedee", presumably the Salome mentioned in Mark 15:40. This representation is called a Stabat Mater. While not recorded in the Gospel accounts, Mary cradling the dead body of her son is a common motif in art, called a "pietà" or "pity".

Question: Name the two women present with Mary at the Crucifixion of Jesus?
Answer: Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene

Question: In art, what is the name for the motif of Mary cradling the body of Jesus?
Answer: pietà

Question: In Matthew, who else besides Mary of Clopas and Mary Magdalene are with Mary at the Crucifixion?
Answer: Salome

Question: What does pieta mean?
Answer: pity

Question: What is a representation of Mary at the Crucifixion called?
Answer: a Stabat Mater
In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states that Mary went to live with the Disciple whom Jesus loved,[Jn 19:27] identified as John the Evangelist.[citation needed] Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in their histories that John later went to Ephesus, which may provide the basis for the early belief that Mary also lived in Ephesus with John.

Question: In which country is Ephesus?
Answer: Turkey

Question: Whose visions led to the identification of the House of the Virgin Mary?
Answer: Anne Catherine Emmerich

Question: Which disciple is known as "the Disciple whom Jesus loved?"
Answer: John the Evangelist

Question: With whom is it believed that Mary lived with in Ephesus?
Answer: John

Question: In which century was the House of the Virgin Mary found?
Answer: 19th
The Qur'an relates detailed narrative accounts of Maryam (Mary) in two places, Qur'an 3:35–47 and 19:16–34. These state beliefs in both the Immaculate Conception of Mary and the Virgin birth of Jesus. The account given in Sura 19 is nearly identical with that in the Gospel according to Luke, and both of these (Luke, Sura 19) begin with an account of the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya (Zecharias) and Good News of the birth of Yahya (John), followed by the account of the annunciation. It mentions how Mary was informed by an angel that she would become the mother of Jesus through the actions of God alone.

Question: By what name is Mary referred to in the Qur'an?
Answer: Maryam

Question: Which Sura in the Qur'an describes the visitation of an angel upon Zakariya?
Answer: 19

Question: In how many places does the Qur'an give detailed accounts of Mary?
Answer: two

Question: Which Gospel provides an identical account of the Virgin Birth as Sura 19 in the Qur'an? 
Answer: Luke

Question: Who was visited by an angel in Sura 19 of the Qur'an?
Answer: Zakariya
In 2012, the city contained a total of 594 high-rise buildings, with 8 under construction, 71 planned and 39 at proposal stage making the city's skyline the second largest in Australia. The CBD is dominated by modern office buildings including the Rialto Towers (1986), built on the site of several grand classical Victorian buildings, two of which — the Rialto Building (1889) designed by William Pitt and the Winfield Building (1890) designed by Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight — still remain today and more recently hi-rise apartment buildings including Eureka Tower (2006), which is listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014.

Question: Who designed the Rialto Building in 1889? 
Answer: William Pitt

Question: Which building was listed as the 13th tallest residential building in the world in January 2014?
Answer: Eureka Tower

Question: Who designed the Winfield Building in 1890?
Answer: Charles D'Ebro and Richard Speight

Question: In what year was the Eureka Tower completed?
Answer: 2006

Question: How does Melbourne's skyline rank in terms of other skylines in Australia?
Answer: second largest
From 2006, the growth of the city extended into "green wedges" and beyond the city's urban growth boundary. Predictions of the city's population reaching 5 million people pushed the state government to review the growth boundary in 2008 as part of its Melbourne @ Five Million strategy. In 2009, Melbourne was less affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis in comparison to other Australian cities. At this time, more new jobs were created in Melbourne than any other Australian city—almost as many as the next two fastest growing cities, Brisbane and Perth, combined, and Melbourne's property market remained strong, resulting in historically high property prices and widespread rent increases.

Question: Was Melbourne more or less affected by the Late-2000s financial crisis in comparison to other Australian cities?
Answer: less affected

Question: Which market in Melbourne remained strong during the Late-2000s financial crisis and resulted in historically high property prices and rent increases?
Answer: property market

Question: After Melbourne, which were the next two fastest growing Australian cities in 2009?
Answer: Brisbane and Perth

Question: What is the name given to Melbourne's population strategy that was revised in 2008? 
Answer: Melbourne @ Five Million strategy
The character of John's relationship with his second wife, Isabella of Angoulême, is unclear. John married Isabella whilst she was relatively young – her exact date of birth is uncertain, and estimates place her between at most 15 and more probably towards nine years old at the time of her marriage.[nb 15] Even by the standards of the time, Isabella was married whilst very young. John did not provide a great deal of money for his wife's household and did not pass on much of the revenue from her lands, to the extent that historian Nicholas Vincent has described him as being "downright mean" towards Isabella. Vincent concluded that the marriage was not a particularly "amicable" one. Other aspects of their marriage suggest a closer, more positive relationship. Chroniclers recorded that John had a "mad infatuation" with Isabella, and certainly John had conjugal relationships with Isabella between at least 1207 and 1215; they had five children. In contrast to Vincent, historian William Chester Jordan concludes that the pair were a "companionable couple" who had a successful marriage by the standards of the day.

Question: Who was John's second wife?
Answer: Isabella of Angoulême

Question:  Nicholas Vincent was described as what?
Answer: downright mean

Question: When did John have conjugal relationships with Isabella?
Answer: 1207 and 1215

Question: How many children did John and Isabella have?
Answer: five children
John's personal life greatly affected his reign. Contemporary chroniclers state that John was sinfully lustful and lacking in piety. It was common for kings and nobles of the period to keep mistresses, but chroniclers complained that John's mistresses were married noblewomen, which was considered unacceptable. John had at least five children with mistresses during his first marriage to Isabelle of Gloucester, and two of those mistresses are known to have been noblewomen. John's behaviour after his second marriage to Isabella of Angoulême is less clear, however. None of John's known illegitimate children were born after he remarried, and there is no actual documentary proof of adultery after that point, although John certainly had female friends amongst the court throughout the period. The specific accusations made against John during the baronial revolts are now generally considered to have been invented for the purposes of justifying the revolt; nonetheless, most of John's contemporaries seem to have held a poor opinion of his sexual behaviour.[nb 14]

Question: Many of John's mistresses were what?
Answer: married noblewomen

Question: How many children did John have with mistresses during his first marriage?
Answer: five

Question: How many of John's known illegitimate children were born after he remarried?
Originally, the hardware architecture was so closely tied to the Mac OS operating system that it was impossible to boot an alternative operating system. The most common workaround, is to boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application. Used even by Apple for A/UX and MkLinux, this technique is no longer necessary since the introduction of Open Firmware-based PCI Macs, though it was formerly used for convenience on many Old World ROM systems due to bugs in the firmware implementation.[citation needed] Now, Mac hardware boots directly from Open Firmware in most PowerPC-based Macs or EFI in all Intel-based Macs.

Question: Which technique was once used to boot an alternate operating system than Mac OS?
Answer: boot into Mac OS and then to hand over control to a Mac OS-based bootloader application

Question: What was introduced that made using Mac OS alternative operating systems easier?
Answer: Open Firmware-based PCI Macs

Question: What were Open Firmware-based PCI Macs used as a convenience because of?
Answer: bugs in the firmware implementation

Question: Where does Mac hardware boot directly to in all Intel-based Macs?
Answer: EFI

Question: Where does Mac harware boot directly to in most PowerPC-based Macs?
Answer: Open Firmware
On 30 September 1915, troops of the Serbian Army observed three enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac. Soldiers shot at them with shotguns and machine-guns but failed to prevent them from dropping 45 bombs over the city, hitting military installations, the railway station and many other, mostly civilian, targets in the city. During the bombing raid, private Radoje Ljutovac fired his cannon at the enemy aircraft and successfully shot one down. It crashed in the city and both pilots died from their injuries. The cannon Ljutovac used was not designed as an anti-aircraft gun, it was a slightly modified Turkish cannon captured during the First Balkan War in 1912. This was the first occasion in military history that a military aircraft was shot down with ground-to-air fire.

Question: When did Serbian troops notice enemy aircraft approaching Kragujevac? 
Answer: 30 September 1915

Question: How many bombs did the three aircraft drop on the city?
Answer: 45

Question: Which private shot down one aircraft with a cannon?
Answer: Radoje Ljutovac

Question: What happened to the pilots that were in the aircraft shot down?
Answer: both pilots died

Question: Which war was the cannon used in prior to this event?
Answer: First Balkan War in 1912
A plethora of anti-aircraft gun systems of smaller calibre were available to the German Wehrmacht combined forces, and among them the 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system was one of the most often-seen weapons, seeing service on both land and sea. The similar Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems of the American forces were also quite capable, although they receive little attention. Their needs could cogently be met with smaller-calibre ordnance beyond using the usual singly-mounted M2 .50 caliber machine gun atop a tank's turret, as four of the ground-used "heavy barrel" (M2HB) guns were mounted together on the American Maxson firm's M45 Quadmount weapons system (as a direct answer to the Flakvierling),which were often mounted on the back of a half-track to form the Half Track, M16 GMC, Anti-Aircraft. Although of less power than Germany's 20 mm systems, the typical 4 or 5 combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread many kilometers apart from each other, rapidly attaching and detaching to larger ground combat units to provide welcome defence from enemy aircraft.

Question: What was one of the most often seen weapons that was used both on land and sea?
Answer: 1940-origin Flakvierling quadruple-20 mm-gun antiaircraft weapon system

Question: What weapons system did American troops use but received minute attention?
Answer: Allied smaller-calibre air-defence weapons systems

Question: How many of the M2HB guns were mounted together on the M45 Quadmount weapons system?
Answer: four

Question: This system was a direct answer to what?
Answer: the Flakvierling

Question: The combat batteries of an Army AAA battalion were often spread how far apart from each other?
Answer: many kilometers
The future of projectile based weapons may be found in the railgun. Currently tests are underway on developing systems that could create as much damage as a Tomahawk (missile), but at a fraction of the cost. In February 2008 the US Navy tested a railgun; it fired a shell at 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour using 10 megajoules of energy. Its expected performance is over 13,000 miles (21,000 km) per hour muzzle velocity, accurate enough to hit a 5-meter target from 200 nautical miles (370 km) away while shooting at 10 shots per minute. It is expected to be ready in 2020 to 2025.[verification needed] These systems while currently designed for static targets would only need the ability to be retargeted to become the next generation of AA system.

Question: Where can the future of projectile based weapons possibly be found?
Answer: the railgun

Question: Testing is being done on weapons to create as much damage as what missile at a much lower cost?
Answer: a Tomahawk

Question: When did the United States Navy test a railgun?
Answer: February 2008

Question: How fast was the shell that the Navy fired from the railgun?
Answer: 5,600 miles (9,000 km) per hour

Question: When is the railgun expected to be ready?
Answer: 2020 to 2025
Sheldon Pollock argues that "most observers would agree that, in some crucial way, Sanskrit is dead".:393 Pollock has further argued that, while Sanskrit continued to be used in literary cultures in India, it was never adapted to express the changing forms of subjectivity and sociality as embodied and conceptualised in the modern age.:416 Instead, it was reduced to "reinscription and restatements" of ideas already explored, and any creativity was restricted to hymns and verses.:398 A notable exception are the military references of Nīlakaṇṭha Caturdhara's 17th-century commentary on the Mahābhārata.

Question: Who has said the Sanskrit is dead?
Answer: Sheldon Pollock

Question: According to Pollock, how is Sanskrit solely used?
Answer: literary cultures

Question: What is Sanskrit not  able to express?
Answer: the modern age

Question: How is Sanskrit limited in it function towards ideas?
Answer: restatements

Question: To what is Sanskrit restricted?
Answer: hymns
The CBSE (Central Board of Secondary Education) of India, along with several other state education boards, has made Sanskrit an alternative option to the state's own official language as a second or third language choice in the schools it governs. In such schools, learning Sanskrit is an option for grades 5 to 8 (Classes V to VIII). This is true of most schools affiliated with the ICSE board, especially in those states where the official language is Hindi. Sanskrit is also taught in traditional gurukulas throughout India.

Question: To what has the Central Board of Education of India relegated Sanskrit? 
Answer: alternative option

Question: Where has the Education Board ranked Sanskrit as a language option?
Answer: second or third

Question: What grades in Indian schools have an option for Sanskrit study?
Answer: 5 to 8

Question: In what language states is Sanskrit considered an option?
Answer: Hindi

Question: In what other type of schools is Sanskrit also taught?
Answer: gurukulas
Since the late 18th century, Sanskrit has been transliterated using the Latin alphabet. The system most commonly used today is the IAST (International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration), which has been the academic standard since 1888. ASCII-based transliteration schemes have also evolved because of difficulties representing Sanskrit characters in computer systems. These include Harvard-Kyoto and ITRANS, a transliteration scheme that is used widely on the Internet, especially in Usenet and in email, for considerations of speed of entry as well as rendering issues. With the wide availability of Unicode-aware web browsers, IAST has become common online. It is also possible to type using an alphanumeric keyboard and transliterate to Devanagari using software like Mac OS X's international support.

Question: From what time has the Latin alphabet been used to transcribe Sanskrit?
Answer: late 18th century

Question: What transliteration system is most common today?
Answer: IAST

Question: How long has IAST been the standard system used for transliteration of Sanskrit?
Answer: since 1888

Question: What is used in transliteration for computer systems? 
Answer: ASCII

Question: What transliteration scheme is often used on the internet?
Answer: ITRANS
The earliest known inscriptions in Sanskrit date to the first century BCE.[citation needed] They are in the Brahmi script, which was originally used for Prakrit, not Sanskrit. It has been described as a paradox that the first evidence of written Sanskrit occurs centuries later than that of the Prakrit languages which are its linguistic descendants. In northern India, there are Brāhmī inscriptions dating from the third century BCE onwards, the oldest appearing on the famous Prakrit pillar inscriptions of king Ashoka. The earliest South Indian inscriptions in Tamil Brahmi, written in early Tamil, belong to the same period. When Sanskrit was written down, it was first used for texts of an administrative, literary or scientific nature. The sacred texts were preserved orally, and were set down in writing "reluctantly" (according to one commentator), and at a comparatively late date.

Question: From when are the earliest dated Sanskrit inscriptions?
Answer: first century BCE

Question: In what script are the earliest Sanskrit inscriptions?
Answer: Brahmi

Question: In what language was Brahmi first used?
Answer: Prakrit

Question: What language is the descendant of Sanskrit?
Answer: Prakrit

Question: How were early sacred texts offered?
Answer: orally
The Sanskrit grammatical tradition, Vyākaraṇa, one of the six Vedangas, began in the late Vedic period and culminated in the Aṣṭādhyāyī of Pāṇini, which consists of 3990 sutras (ca. fifth century BCE). About a century after Pāṇini (around 400 BCE), Kātyāyana composed Vārtikas on the Pāṇini sũtras. Patanjali, who lived three centuries after Pāṇini, wrote the Mahābhāṣya, the "Great Commentary" on the Aṣṭādhyāyī and Vārtikas. Because of these three ancient Vyākaraṇins (grammarians), this grammar is called Trimuni Vyākarana. To understand the meaning of the sutras, Jayaditya and Vāmana wrote a commentary, the Kāsikā, in 600 CE. Pāṇinian grammar is based on 14 Shiva sutras (aphorisms), where the whole mātrika (alphabet) is abbreviated. This abbreviation is called the Pratyāhara.

Question: What is the Sanskrit grammatical tradition?
Answer: Vyākaraṇa

Question: In what period did Vyakarana begin?
Answer: late Vedic

Question: How many sutras are in the Astadhyayi?
Answer: 3990 sutras

Question: Who composed Vartikas on the Panini sutras?
Answer: Kātyāyana

Question: What is the abbreviated alphabet called? 
Answer: Pratyāhara
Valencia enjoyed strong economic growth over the last decade, much of it spurred by tourism and the construction industry,[citation needed] with concurrent development and expansion of telecommunications and transport. The city's economy is service-oriented, as nearly 84% of the working population is employed in service sector occupations[citation needed]. However, the city still maintains an important industrial base, with 5.5% of the population employed in this sector. Agricultural activities are still carried on in the municipality, even though of relatively minor importance with only 1.9% of the working population and 3973 hectares planted mostly in orchards and citrus groves.

Question: What is the main type of employment in Valencia?
Answer: service sector occupations

Question: What percentage of Valencia's workers are employed in industry?
Answer: 5.5

Question: What percentage of Valencia's workers are employed in the agricultural sector?
Answer: 1.9

Question: How much of Valencia's land is used for agriculture?
Answer: 3973 hectares

Question: What are Valencia's agricultural areas mainly planted with?
Answer: orchards and citrus groves
During the second half of the 19th century the bourgeoisie encouraged the development of the city and its environs; land-owners were enriched by the introduction of the orange crop and the expansion of vineyards and other crops,. This economic boom corresponded with a revival of local traditions and of the Valencian language, which had been ruthlessly suppressed from the time of Philip V. Around 1870, the Valencian Renaissance, a movement committed to the revival of the Valencian language and traditions, began to gain ascendancy. In its early stages the movement inclined to the romanticism of the poet Teodor Llorente, and resisted the more assertive remonstrances of Constantine Llombart, founder of the still extant cultural society, Lo Rat Penat, which is dedicated to the promotion and dissemination of the Valencian language and culture.

Question: Who got rich from the Valencian orange crop and vineyards?
Answer: land-owners

Question: Who had suppressed the Valencian language?
Answer: Philip V

Question: What group still exists and promotes Valencian culture?
Answer: Lo Rat Penat

Question: What poet was an early influence on the Valencian Renaissance?
Answer: Teodor Llorente

Question: Who founded Lo Rat Penat?
Answer: Constantine Llombart
Valencia is also internationally famous for its football club, Valencia C.F., which won the Spanish league in 2002 and 2004 (the year it also won the UEFA Cup), for a total of six times, and was a UEFA Champions League runner-up in 2000 and 2001. The team's stadium is the Mestalla; its city rival Levante UD also plays in the highest division after gaining promotion in 2010, their stadium is Estadi Ciutat de València. From the year 2011 there has been a third team in the city, Huracán Valencia, who play their games in Municipal de Manises, in the Segunda División B.

Question: When did Valencia C.F. win the UEFA Cup?
Answer: 2004

Question: How many times did Valencia C.F. win the Spanish league?
Answer: six

Question: What is Levante UD's stadium?
Answer: Estadi Ciutat de València

Question: In which division does Huracan Valencia play?
Answer: Segunda División B

Question: Where does Huracan Valencia play?
Answer: Municipal de Manises
The Valencia Cathedral was called Iglesia Mayor in the early days of the Reconquista, then Iglesia de la Seo (Seo is from the Latin sedes, i.e., (archiepiscopal) See), and by virtue of the papal concession of 16 October 1866, it was called the Basilica Metropolitana. It is situated in the centre of the ancient Roman city where some believe the temple of Diana stood. In Gothic times, it seems to have been dedicated to the Holy Saviour; the Cid dedicated it to the Blessed Virgin; King James I of Aragon did likewise, leaving in the main chapel the image of the Blessed Virgin, which he carried with him and is reputed to be the one now preserved in the sacristy. The Moorish mosque, which had been converted into a Christian Church by the conqueror, was deemed unworthy of the title of the cathedral of Valencia, and in 1262 Bishop Andrés de Albalat laid the cornerstone of the new Gothic building, with three naves; these reach only to the choir of the present building. Bishop Vidal de Blanes built the chapter hall, and James I added the tower, called El Miguelete because it was blessed on St. Michael's day in 1418. The tower is about 58 m high and topped with a belfry (1660–1736).

Question: What was the Valencia Cathedral called from 1866?
Answer: Basilica Metropolitana

Question: What pagan deity may have had a temple where the Valencia Cathedral is now?
Answer: Diana

Question: How tall is the cathedral's tower?
Answer: 58 m

Question: What is the tower called?
Answer: El Miguelete

Question: What was the Cathedral's name from early in the Reconquista? 
Answer: Iglesia Mayor
The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain, with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As the Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking influenced the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben, who taught the army Prussian tactics and organizational skills.

Question: When was the Continental Army created?
Answer: 14 June 1775

Question: Who was the commander of the Continental Army?
Answer: George Washington

Question: From what country did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben come from?
Answer: Europe

Question: What did Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben teach the Continental Army?
Answer: Prussian tactics and organizational skills
The United States Army (USA) is the largest branch of the United States Armed Forces and performs land-based military operations. It is one of the seven uniformed services of the United States and is designated as the Army of the United States in the United States Constitution, Article 2, Section 2, Clause 1 and United States Code, Title 10, Subtitle B, Chapter 301, Section 3001. As the largest and senior branch of the U.S. military, the modern U.S. Army has its roots in the Continental Army, which was formed (14 June 1775) to fight the American Revolutionary War (1775–83)—before the U.S. was established as a country. After the Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784, to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself descended from the Continental Army, and dates its institutional inception from the origin of that armed force in 1775.

Question: What branch of the USA Armed Forces is the largest?
Answer: The United States Army

Question: How many uniformed services are there in the US?
Answer: seven

Question: What years did the American Revolutionary War span?
Answer: 1775–83

Question: What date was the U.S. Army created?
Answer: 3 June 1784

Question: What did the U.S Army replace?
Answer: Continental Army
The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states, located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States, C.S. troops led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a very large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of the United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina.[citation needed]

Question: Which war had the most U.S. casualties associated with it?
Answer: The American Civil War

Question: What were the U.S. forces referred to as?
Answer: the "Union" or "the North"

Question: What state did not contribute any troops to the Union Army?
Answer: South Carolina
On September 11, 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of the building, as part of the September 11 attacks. Lieutenant General Timothy Maude was the highest-ranking military official killed at the Pentagon, and the most senior U.S. Army officer killed by foreign action since the death of Lieutenant General Simon B. Buckner, Jr. on June 18, 1945, in the Battle of Okinawa during World War II.

Question: How many victims were killed in the attack on the Pentagon?
Answer: 125

Question: What aircraft was hijacked?
Answer: American Airlines Flight 77

Question: Did they crash into the eastern or wester part of the Pentagon.
Answer: west

Question: Who was the highest ranking official killed in the attack?
Answer: Lieutenant General Timothy Maude
The first action of the Franco-Prussian War took place on 4 August 1870. This battle saw the unsupported division of General Douay of I Corps, with some attached cavalry, which was posted to watch the border, attacked in overwhelming but uncoordinated fashion by the German 3rd Army. During the day, elements of a Bavarian and two Prussian corps became engaged and were aided by Prussian artillery, which blasted holes in the defenses of the town. Douay held a very strong position initially, thanks to the accurate long-range fire of the Chassepots but his force was too thinly stretched to hold it. Douay was killed in the late morning when a caisson of the divisional mitrailleuse battery exploded near him; the encirclement of the town by the Prussians threatened the French avenue of retreat.

Question: What was the date of the first action of the Franco-Prussian War?
Answer: 4 August 1870

Question: On that date, which elements were assisted by Prussian artillery forces?
Answer: Bavarian and two Prussian corps

Question: Who initially held a strong position during the battle at the border? 
Answer: General Douay of I Corps

Question: Douay's initial success was credited by what?
Answer: long-range fire of the Chassepots

Question: What threatened the French avenue of retreat?
Answer: the encirclement of the town by the Prussians
The Battle of Gravelotte, or Gravelotte–St. Privat (18 August), was the largest battle during the Franco-Prussian War. It was fought about 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Metz, where on the previous day, having intercepted the French army's retreat to the west at the Battle of Mars-La-Tour, the Prussians were now closing in to complete the destruction of the French forces. The combined German forces, under Field Marshal Count Helmuth von Moltke, were the Prussian First and Second Armies of the North German Confederation numbering about 210 infantry battalions, 133 cavalry squadrons, and 732 heavy cannons totaling 188,332 officers and men. The French Army of the Rhine, commanded by Marshal François-Achille Bazaine, numbering about 183 infantry battalions, 104 cavalry squadrons, backed by 520 heavy cannons, totaling 112,800 officers and men, dug in along high ground with their southern left flank at the town of Rozerieulles, and their northern right flank at St. Privat.

Question: On which date was the Battle of Gravelotte?
Answer: 18 August

Question: Which battle was considered the biggest in the war?
Answer: The Battle of Gravelotte

Question: Where was the location of the Battle of Gravelotte? 
Answer: 6 miles (9.7 km) west of Metz

Question: Under which Field Marshall were the combined German forces commanded?
Answer: Count Helmuth von Moltke

Question: Who commanded the French Army of the Rhine?
Answer: Marshal François-Achille Bazaine
The quick German victory over the French stunned neutral observers, many of whom had expected a French victory and most of whom had expected a long war. The strategic advantages possessed by the Germans were not appreciated outside Germany until after hostilities had ceased. Other countries quickly discerned the advantages given to the Germans by their military system, and adopted many of their innovations, particularly the General Staff, universal conscription and highly detailed mobilization systems.

Question: What stunned neutral observers about the end of the war?
Answer: The quick German victory

Question: What outcome had most people expected from the war?
Answer: French victory

Question: Whose strategic advantages were not appreciated until after the war over?
Answer: the Germans

Question: What German advantages were discerned by other countries in the aftermath? 
Answer: their military system

Question: What is at least one German innovation that other countries would later adopt in other wars?
Answer: highly detailed mobilization systems
According to some historians, Bismarck adroitly created a diplomatic crisis over the succession to the Spanish throne, then edited a dispatch about a meeting between King William of Prussia and the French ambassador, to make it appear that the French had been insulted. The French press and parliament demanded a war, which the generals of Napoleon III assured him that France would win. Napoleon and his Prime Minister, Émile Ollivier, for their parts sought war to solve their problems with political disunity in France. On 16 July 1870, the French parliament voted to declare war on the German Kingdom of Prussia and hostilities began three days later. The German coalition mobilised its troops much more quickly than the French and rapidly invaded northeastern France. The German forces were superior in numbers, had better training and leadership and made more effective use of modern technology, particularly railroads and artillery.

Question: A dispatch was edited about a meeting between the French ambassador and what Prussian king?
Answer: King William

Question: What was the purpose of editing the dispatch?
Answer: to make it appear that the French had been insulted

Question: On which date did the French parliament vote to declare war on Prussia?
Answer: 16 July 1870

Question: What diplomatic crisis was Bismarck credited with skillfully creating? 
Answer: succession to the Spanish throne

Question: Where did the quickly mobilised troops first invade in France?
Answer: northeastern France
When the war began, the French government ordered a blockade of the North German coasts, which the small North German navy (Norddeutsche Bundesmarine) with only five ironclads could do little to oppose. For most of the war, the three largest German ironclads were out of service with engine troubles; only the turret ship SMS Arminius was available to conduct operations. By the time engine repairs had been completed, the French fleet had already departed. The blockade proved only partially successful due to crucial oversights by the planners in Paris. Reservists that were supposed to be at the ready in case of war, were working in the Newfoundland fisheries or in Scotland. Only part of the 470-ship French Navy put to sea on 24 July. Before long, the French navy ran short of coal, needing 200 short tons (180 t) per day and having a bunker capacity in the fleet of only 250 short tons (230 t). A blockade of Wilhelmshaven failed and conflicting orders about operations in the Baltic Sea or a return to France, made the French naval efforts futile. Spotting a blockade-runner became unwelcome because of the question du charbon; pursuit of Prussian ships quickly depleted the coal reserves of the French ships.

Question: A blockade of what coastline was ordered by the French government at the start of the war?
Answer: North German coasts

Question: The small North German navy had how many ironclads at their disposal?
Answer: only five

Question: What was the name of the only turret ship that was able to conduct operations?
Answer: SMS Arminius

Question: How many ships was the French navy able to dispatch to sea?
Answer: 470

Question: In pursuing Prussian ships, what resource was quickly depleted?
Answer: coal reserves
The French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd (1,100 m). It was developed in such secrecy, that little training with the weapon had occurred, leaving French gunners with no experience; the gun was treated like artillery and in this role it was ineffective. Worse still, once the small number of soldiers who had been trained how to use the new weapon became casualties, there were no replacements who knew how to operate the mitrailleuse.

Question: What aspect of the Chassepot was superior to the German needle gun?
Answer: longer range

Question: What French weapon was considered a rough prototype of the first machine gun? 
Answer: the mitrailleuse

Question: How many barrels did the mitrailleuse feature?
Answer: thirty-seven barrels

Question: What was the range of the mitrailleuse?
Answer: 1,200 yd (1,100 m)

Question: Treating the mitrailleuse like what rendered it far less effective
Answer: artillery
Uranium-235 was the first isotope that was found to be fissile. Other naturally occurring isotopes are fissionable, but not fissile. On bombardment with slow neutrons, its uranium-235 isotope will most of the time divide into two smaller nuclei, releasing nuclear binding energy and more neutrons. If too many of these neutrons are absorbed by other uranium-235 nuclei, a nuclear chain reaction occurs that results in a burst of heat or (in special circumstances) an explosion. In a nuclear reactor, such a chain reaction is slowed and controlled by a neutron poison, absorbing some of the free neutrons. Such neutron absorbent materials are often part of reactor control rods (see nuclear reactor physics for a description of this process of reactor control).

Question: What isotope of uranium was the first to be found fissile?
Answer: 235

Question: When a nuclear chain reaction in uranium-235 doesn't result in a burst of heat, what does it result in?
Answer: an explosion

Question: How many nuclei does uranium-235 usually divide into when bombarded with slow neutrons?
Answer: two

Question: What is used to slow a chain reaction in a nuclear reactor?
Answer: neutron poison

Question: What does a neutron poison absorb?
Answer: free neutrons
It is estimated that 5.5 million tonnes of uranium exists in ore reserves that are economically viable at US$59 per lb of uranium, while 35 million tonnes are classed as mineral resources (reasonable prospects for eventual economic extraction). Prices went from about $10/lb in May 2003 to $138/lb in July 2007. This has caused a big increase in spending on exploration, with US$200 million being spent worldwide in 2005, a 54% increase on the previous year. This trend continued through 2006, when expenditure on exploration rocketed to over $774 million, an increase of over 250% compared to 2004. The OECD Nuclear Energy Agency said exploration figures for 2007 would likely match those for 2006.

Question: How much economically viable uranium is there in ore reserves, in millions of tonnes?
Answer: 5.5

Question: How many millions of tonnes are uranium are regarded as mineral resources?
Answer: 35

Question: What was the price of uranium per pound as of May 2003?
Answer: $10

Question: In 2005, how much money was spent on uranium exploration?
Answer: US$200 million

Question: How much money was spent to explore for uranium in 2006?
Answer: $774 million
During the later stages of World War II, the entire Cold War, and to a lesser extent afterwards, uranium-235 has been used as the fissile explosive material to produce nuclear weapons. Initially, two major types of fission bombs were built: a relatively simple device that uses uranium-235 and a more complicated mechanism that uses plutonium-239 derived from uranium-238. Later, a much more complicated and far more powerful type of fission/fusion bomb (thermonuclear weapon) was built, that uses a plutonium-based device to cause a mixture of tritium and deuterium to undergo nuclear fusion. Such bombs are jacketed in a non-fissile (unenriched) uranium case, and they derive more than half their power from the fission of this material by fast neutrons from the nuclear fusion process.

Question: During what war was uranium-235 first used to create nuclear weapons?
Answer: World War II

Question: From what isotope of uranium is plutonium-239 derived?
Answer: 238

Question: What is mixed with tritium and experiences nuclear fusion in a fission/fusion bomb?
Answer: deuterium

Question: What is another name for a fission/fusion bomb?
Answer: thermonuclear weapon

Question: What does non-fissile mean?
Answer: unenriched
Francis Hutcheson, a moral philosopher, described the utilitarian and consequentialist principle that virtue is that which provides, in his words, "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers". Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method (the nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation) and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by his protégés David Hume and Adam Smith. Hume became a major figure in the skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions of philosophy.

Question: Who said that virtue provides "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers"? 
Answer: Francis Hutcheson

Question: Who was a major figure in the skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions of philosophy?
Answer: David Hume

Question: Much of what is incorporated in the scientific method and some modern attitudes towards the relationship between science and religion were developed by David Hume and what other philosopher?
Answer: Adam Smith

Question: Which moral philosopher said "the greatest happiness for the greatest numbers"?
Answer: Francis Hutcheson

Question: Which two men were Francis Hutecheson's proteges?
Answer: David Hume and Adam Smith

Question: The nature of knowledge, evidence, experience, and causation together are called what?
Answer: the scientific method

Question: What type of philosopher was Francis Hutcheson?
Answer: moral

Question: In what areas of philosophy did Hume become a major figure?
Answer: skeptical philosophical and empiricist traditions