meithnav/squad huggingface dataset:
Despite plans of expanding into other global regions and product segments, Dell was heavily dependent on U.S. corporate PC market, as desktop PCs sold to both commercial and corporate customers accounted for 32 percent of its revenue, 85 percent of its revenue comes from businesses, and Sixty-four percent of its revenue comes from North and South America, according to its 2006 third-quarter results. U.S. shipments of desktop PCs were shrinking, and the corporate PC market which purchases PCs in upgrade cycles had largely decided to take a break from buying new systems. The last cycle started around 2002, three or so years after companies started buying PCs ahead of the perceived Y2K problems, and corporate clients were not expected to upgrade again until extensive testing of Microsoft's Windows Vista (expected in early 2007), putting the next upgrade cycle around 2008. Heavily depending on PCs, Dell had to slash prices to boost sales volumes, while demanding deep cuts from suppliers.

Question: What country's PC market was Dell reliant on?
Answer: U.S

Question: What percentage of Dell's profits were desktop PCs being sold to commercial and corporate buyers?
Answer: 32 percent

Question: What year were Dell's PC profits shrinking?
Answer: 2006

Question: What operating system was slated to be the next system upgrade for corporate clients?
Answer: Microsoft's Windows Vista
In March 2013, the Blackstone Group and Carl Icahn expressed interest in purchasing Dell. In April 2013, Blackstone withdrew their offer, citing deteriorating business. Other private equity firms such as KKR & Co. and TPG Capital declined to submit alternative bids for Dell, citing the uncertain market for personal computers and competitive pressures, so the "wide-open bidding war" never materialized. Analysts said that the biggest challenge facing Silver Lake would be to find an “exit strategy” to profit from its investment, which would be when the company would hold an IPO to go public again, and one warned “But even if you can get a $25bn enterprise value for Dell, it will take years to get out.”

Question: What year did the Blackstone Group express interest in acquiring Dell?
Answer: 2013

Question: What was the first private equity firm to decide not to submit a bid for Dell?
Answer: KKR & Co

Question: What company did analysts feel would need to find an exit strategy to profit from acquiring Dell?
Answer: Silver Lake

Question: How much was the potential enterprise value of Dell?
Answer: $25bn
In late 2006[update], Dell lost its lead in the PC-business to Hewlett-Packard. Both Gartner and IDC estimated that in the third quarter of 2006, HP shipped more units worldwide than Dell did. Dell's 3.6% growth paled in comparison to HP's 15% growth during the same period. The problem got worse in the fourth quarter, when Gartner estimated that Dell PC shipments declined 8.9% (versus HP's 23.9% growth). As a result, at the end of 2006 Dell's overall PC market-share stood at 13.9% (versus HP's 17.4%).

Question: What year did Dell lose its tech lead to Hewlett-Packard?
Answer: 2006

Question: What was HP's growth during the third quarter of 2006?
Answer: 15%

Question: What was the rate of decline that Dell experienced in PC shipments?
Answer: 8.9%

Question: What was Dell's market share at the end of 2006?
Answer: 13.9%
Sixteen was held to be the minimum permissible age in the 1988 Supreme Court decision of Thompson v. Oklahoma. The Court, considering the case Roper v. Simmons in March 2005, found the execution of juvenile offenders unconstitutional by a 5–4 margin, effectively raising the minimum permissible age to 18. State laws have not been updated to conform with this decision. In the American legal system, unconstitutional laws do not need to be repealed; instead, they are held to be unenforceable. (See also List of juvenile offenders executed in the United States)

Question: According to Thompson v. Oklahoma, what was the youngest age at which a person might be executed?
Answer: Sixteen

Question: In what year was Thompson v. Oklahoma decided?
Answer: 1988

Question: In what month and year was Roper v. Simmons decided?
Answer: March 2005

Question: In Roper v. Simmons, how many Supreme Court justices believed juvenile execution to be unconstitutional?
Answer: 5

Question: Based on Roper v. Simmons, what is now the minimum age to be executed in the United States?
Answer: 18
Previous post-Furman mass clemencies took place in 1986 in New Mexico, when Governor Toney Anaya commuted all death sentences because of his personal opposition to the death penalty. In 1991, outgoing Ohio Governor Dick Celeste commuted the sentences of eight prisoners, among them all four women on the state's death row. And during his two terms (1979–1987) as Florida's Governor, Bob Graham, although a strong death penalty supporter who had overseen the first post-Furman involuntary execution as well as 15 others, agreed to commute the sentences of six people on the grounds of "possible innocence" or "disproportionality."

Question: Who commuted all state capital sentences in 1986?
Answer: Toney Anaya

Question: Of what state was Toney Anaya governor?
Answer: New Mexico

Question: Who was Governor of Ohio in 1991?
Answer: Dick Celeste

Question: How many women were on Ohio's death row in 1991?
Answer: four

Question: In what year did Bob Graham become Governor of Florida?
Answer: 1979
Near the end of the NES's lifespan, upon the release of the AV Famicom and the top-loading NES 2, the design of the game controllers was modified slightly. Though the original button layout was retained, the redesigned device abandoned the brick shell in favor of a dog bone shape. In addition, the AV Famicom joined its international counterpart and dropped the hardwired controllers in favor of detachable controller ports. However, the controllers included with the Famicom AV had cables which were 90 cm (3 feet) long, as opposed to the standard 180 cm(6 feet) of NES controllers.

Question: Which console featured a top-loading design?
Answer: NES 2

Question: The design of what was modified slightly?
Answer: game controllers

Question: the original design of the controller was what shape?
Answer: brick

Question: What was the new design shape of the controller?
Answer: dog bone

Question: How long were standard NES controller cables?
Answer: 6 feet
Following a series of arcade game successes in the early 1980s, Nintendo made plans to create a cartridge-based console called the Famicom. Masayuki Uemura designed the system. Original plans called for an advanced 16-bit system which would function as a full-fledged computer with a keyboard and floppy disk drive, but Nintendo president Hiroshi Yamauchi rejected this and instead decided to go for a cheaper, more conventional cartridge-based game console as he felt that features such as keyboards and disks were intimidating to non-technophiles. A test model was constructed in October 1982 to verify the functionality of the hardware, after which work began on programming tools. Because 65xx CPUs had not been manufactured or sold in Japan up to that time, no cross-development software was available and it had to be produced from scratch. Early Famicom games were written on a system that ran on an NEC PC-8001 computer and LEDs on a grid were used with a digitizer to design graphics as no software design tools for this purpose existed at that time.[citation needed]

Question: Who designed the Famicom system?
Answer: Masayuki Uemura

Question: The plans called for how many bits as a feature?
Answer: 16

Question: Who was the Nintendo president at the time?
Answer: Hiroshi Yamauchi

Question: When was the test model constructed?
Answer: October 1982

Question: Early Famicom games were written on what computer system?
Answer: NEC PC-8001
Video output connections varied from one model of the console to the next. The original HVC-001 model of the Family Computer featured only radio frequency (RF) modulator output. When the console was released in North America and Europe, support for composite video through RCA connectors was added in addition to the RF modulator. The HVC-101 model of the Famicom dropped the RF modulator entirely and adopted composite video output via a proprietary 12-pin "multi-out" connector first introduced for the Super Famicom/Super Nintendo Entertainment System. Conversely, the North American re-released NES-101 model most closely resembled the original HVC-001 model Famicom, in that it featured RF modulator output only. Finally, the PlayChoice-10 utilized an inverted RGB video output.

Question: The HVC-001 featured which kind of mod output?
Answer: radio frequency (RF)

Question: The HVC-101 lost the RF and adopted which output for use in North America and Europe?
Answer: composite video

Question: The Super NES had how many pins in its proprietary connector?
Answer: 12

Question: The re-released NES-101 model in North America went back to what perceived primitive output?
Answer: RF modulator
The NES dropped the hardwired controllers, instead featuring two custom 7-pin ports on the front of the console. Also in contrast to the Famicom, the controllers included with the NES were identical to each other—the second controller lacked the microphone that was present on the Famicom model and possessed the same START and SELECT buttons as the primary controller. Some NES localizations of games, such as The Legend of Zelda, which required the use of the Famicom microphone in order to kill certain enemies, suffered from the lack of hardware to do so.

Question: How many pins did the controller ports have on the NES?
Answer: 7

Question: Unlike the Famicom, the NES controllers possessed what consistent feature?
Answer: identical

Question: The second controller possessed the START and SELECT buttons as what other device?
Answer: primary controller

Question: What did the Legend of Zelda require in certain instances to kill enemies?
Answer: Famicom microphone
No evidence has yet been found of a Jewish presence in antiquity in Germany beyond its Roman border, nor in Eastern Europe. In Gaul and Germany itself, with the possible exception of Trier and Cologne, the archeological evidence suggests at most a fleeting presence of very few Jews, primarily itinerant traders or artisans. A substantial Jewish population emerged in northern Gaul by the Middle Ages, but Jewish communities existed in 465 CE in Brittany, in 524 CE in Valence, and in 533 CE in Orleans. Throughout this period and into the early Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures, mostly through conversion to Christianity.[better source needed] King Dagobert I of the Franks expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629. Jews in former Roman territories faced new challenges as harsher anti-Jewish Church rulings were enforced.

Question: Who expelled the Jews from his Merovingian kingdom in 629?
Answer: King Dagobert I of the Franks

Question: Does the archeological record suggest that there was a rather large or small population of Jews in Gaul and Germany?
Answer: very few Jews

Question: In antiquity, most Jews in Gaul or Germany probably occupied what two roles?
Answer: traders or artisans

Question: In what year did Jewish communities exist in Brittany?
Answer: 465 CE

Question: During the Middle Ages, some Jews assimilated into the dominant Greek and Latin cultures by doing what?
Answer: conversion to Christianity
Ashkenazi Jews have a noted history of achievement in Western societies in the fields of exact and social sciences, literature, finance, politics, media, and others. In those societies where they have been free to enter any profession, they have a record of high occupational achievement, entering professions and fields of commerce where higher education is required. Ashkenazi Jews have won a large number of the Nobel awards. While they make up about 2% of the U.S. population, 27% of United States Nobel prize winners in the 20th century, a quarter of Fields Medal winners, 25% of ACM Turing Award winners, half the world's chess champions, including 8% of the top 100 world chess players, and a quarter of Westinghouse Science Talent Search winners have Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry.

Question: What percentage of the US population is comprised of Ashkenazi Jews?
Answer: 2%

Question: What percentage of the top 100 world chess players come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?
Answer: 8%

Question: What percentage of Nobel award winners from the United States in the 20th century have been Ashkenazi Jews? 
Answer: 27%

Question: About how many Fields Medal winners have been Ashkenazi Jews?
Answer: a quarter

Question: About how many of the world's chess champions come from the Ashkenazi Jewish community?
Answer: half the world's chess champions
In 2006, a study by Behar et al., based on what was at that time high-resolution analysis of haplogroup K (mtDNA), suggested that about 40% of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from just four women, or "founder lineages", that were "likely from a Hebrew/Levantine mtDNA pool" originating in the Middle East in the 1st and 2nd centuries CE. Additionally, Behar et al. suggested that the rest of Ashkenazi mtDNA is originated from ~150 women, and that most of those were also likely of Middle Eastern origin. In reference specifically to Haplogroup K, they suggested that although it is common throughout western Eurasia, "the observed global pattern of distribution renders very unlikely the possibility that the four aforementioned founder lineages entered the Ashkenazi mtDNA pool via gene flow from a European host population".

Question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that what percentage of the current Ashkenazi population was descended from "founder lineages"?
Answer: 40%

Question: A 2006 study by Behar et al, suggested that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended matrilineally from how many women? 
Answer: from just four women

Question: The women that a large percentage of the current Ashkenazi population is descended from are also known as what?
Answer: founder lineages

Question: The founder lineages were likely from what type of mtDNA pool?
Answer: Hebrew/Levantine
The accession of Valens gave a fresh lease of life to the Arian party. He issued a decree banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius, but who had been permitted by Jovian to return to their sees. The news created the greatest consternation in the city of Alexandria itself, and the prefect, in order to prevent a serious outbreak, gave public assurance that the very special case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor. But the saint seems to have divined what was preparing in secret against him. He quietly withdrew from Alexandria, 5 October, and took up his abode in a country house outside the city. Valens, who seems to have sincerely dreaded the possible consequences of another popular outbreak, within a few weeks issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see.

Question: What party benefited from the accession of Valens?
Answer: Arian

Question: Valens issued a decree banishing the bishops that were deposed by who?
Answer: Constantius

Question: What saint fled from Alexandria on 5 October to a country house outside Alexandria?
Answer: Athanasius

Question: Valens' banishment of Athanasius created the greatest consternation in what city?
Answer: Alexandria

Question: What did the decree of Valens do?
Answer: banishing the bishops who had been deposed by Constantius

Question: When the people in the city were concerned about Athanasius, what did the prefect do? 
Answer: case of Athanasius would be laid before the emperor

Question: What did  Athanasius do to protect himself?
Answer: withdrew from Alexandria, 5 October

Question: How did Valens get him to return?
Answer: issued orders allowing Athanasius to return to his episcopal see
In the light of Mother F. A. Forbes research and reference to Pope Saint Gregory's writings, it would appear that Athanasius was constrained to be Bishop: She writes that when the Patriarch Alexander was on his death-bed he called Athanasius, who fled fearing he would be constrained to be made Bishop. "When the Bishops of the Church assembled to elect their new Patriarch, the whole Catholic population surrounded the church, holding up their hands to Heaven and crying; "Give us Athanasius!" The Bishops had nothing better. Athanasius was thus elected, as Gregory tells us..." (Pope Gregory I, would have full access to the Vatican Archives).

Question: What did he do when he thought he might be made Bishop?
Answer: fled

Question: Who did the Catholics of Alexandria want as their Bishop?
Answer: "Give us Athanasius!"

Question: When did Alexander ask to see Athanasius? 
Answer: on his death-bed

Question: Was there someone else that was preferred as Bishop?
Answer: The Bishops had nothing better
Scholars now believe that the Arian Party was not monolithic, but held drastically different theological views that spanned the early Christian theological spectrum. They supported the tenets of Origenist thought and theology, but had little else in common. Moreover, many labelled "Arian" did not consider themselves followers of Arius. In addition, non-Homoousian bishops disagreed with being labeled as followers of Arius, since Arius was merely a presbyter, while they were fully ordained bishops. However, others point to the Council of Nicaea as proof in and of itself that Arianism was a real theological ideology.[citation needed]

Question: Did all Arians believe the same things?
Answer: different theological views

Question: Were Arians also Origenists?
Answer: supported the tenets

Question: Did the bishops consider themselves Arians?
Answer: bishops disagreed

Question: What did the Council of Nicaea decide about Arianism?
Answer: a real theological ideology

Question: Did Arians have one set of beliefs?
Answer: not monolithic
Logging was Seattle's first major industry, but by the late 19th century the city had become a commercial and shipbuilding center as a gateway to Alaska during the Klondike Gold Rush. By 1910, Seattle was one of the 25 largest cities in the country. However, the Great Depression severely damaged the city's economy. Growth returned during and after World War II, due partially to the local Boeing company, which established Seattle as a center for aircraft manufacturing. The Seattle area developed as a technology center beginning in the 1980s, with companies like Microsoft becoming established in the region. In 1994 the Internet retail giant Amazon was founded in Seattle. The stream of new software, biotechnology, and Internet companies led to an economic revival, which increased the city's population by almost 50,000 between 1990 and 2000.

Question: To what golden event was Seattle the portal?
Answer: Klondike Gold Rush

Question: Which large technology giant established its home base in Seattle?
Answer: Microsoft

Question: In what area was the Klondike Gold Rush located?
Answer: Alaska

Question: What was Seattle's first primary money maker?
Answer: Logging

Question: What was the airplane company that helped Seattle return to economic stability? 
Answer: Boeing
Seattle (i/siˈætəl/) is a West Coast seaport city and the seat of King County. With an estimated 662,400 residents as of 2015[update], Seattle is the largest city in both the state of Washington and the Pacific Northwest region of North America. In July 2013 it was the fastest-growing major city in the United States, and remained in the top five in May 2015 with an annual growth rate of 2.1%. The Seattle metropolitan area of around 3.6 million inhabitants is the 15th largest metropolitan area in the United States. The city is situated on an isthmus between Puget Sound (an inlet of the Pacific Ocean) and Lake Washington, about 100 miles (160 km) south of the Canada–United States border. A major gateway for trade with Asia, Seattle is the third largest port in North America in terms of container handling as of 2015.

Question: Of which Washington county is Seattle the center?
Answer: King County

Question: By 2015 what was Seattle's population?
Answer: 662,400

Question: What is Seattle's ranking in North America in terms of container processing? 
Answer: third largest

Question: By what time was Seattle the most rapidly growing city in the US?
Answer: July 2013

Question: How far away is the Canadian border from Seattle?
Answer: 100 miles
Seattle in this period attracted widespread attention as home to these many companies, but also by hosting the 1990 Goodwill Games and the APEC leaders conference in 1993, as well as through the worldwide popularity of grunge, a sound that had developed in Seattle's independent music scene. Another bid for worldwide attention—hosting the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference of 1999—garnered visibility, but not in the way its sponsors desired, as related protest activity and police reactions to those protests overshadowed the conference itself. The city was further shaken by the Mardi Gras Riots in 2001, and then literally shaken the following day by the Nisqually earthquake.

Question: What sporting event did Seattle sponsor in 1990?
Answer: Goodwill Games

Question: What was the geologic event that followed the Mardi Gras Riots in2001?
Answer: Nisqually earthquake

Question: What is Seattle's musical genre developed in the 1990s? 
Answer: grunge

Question: When did Seattle offer the World Trade Organization Ministerial Conference?
Answer: 1999

Question: What caused bad press during the conference protests in Seattle?
Answer: police reactions
From 1981 to 2010, the average annual precipitation measured at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport was 37.49 inches (952 mm). Annual precipitation has ranged from 23.78 in (604 mm) in 1952 to 55.14 in (1,401 mm) in 1950; for water year (October 1 – September 30) precipitation, the range is 23.16 in (588 mm) in 1976–77 to 51.82 in (1,316 mm) in 1996–97. Due to local variations in microclimate, Seattle also receives significantly lower precipitation than some other locations west of the Cascades. Around 80 mi (129 km) to the west, the Hoh Rain Forest in Olympic National Park on the western flank of the Olympic Mountains receives an annual average precipitation of 142 in (3.61 m). Sixty miles to the south of Seattle, the state capital Olympia, which is out of the Olympic Mountains' rain shadow, receives an annual average precipitation of 50 in (1,270 mm). The city of Bremerton, about 15 mi (24 km) west of downtown Seattle, receives 56.4 in (1,430 mm) of precipitation annually.

Question: What is the average rainfall in Seattle? 
Answer: 37.49 inches

Question: Where on the Olympic Peninsula does the rainfall average 142 inches a year?
Answer: Hoh Rain Forest

Question: What mountain range is the cause of the variance in rainfall?
Answer: Olympic Mountains

Question: What weather factor produces a great variance in local climates in the Seattle area?
Answer: variations in microclimate

Question: What is the capital of the state of Washington?
Answer: Olympia
Autumn, winter, and early spring are frequently characterized by rain. Winters are cool and wet with December, the coolest month, averaging 40.6 °F (4.8 °C), with 28 annual days with lows that reach the freezing mark, and 2.0 days where the temperature stays at or below freezing all day; the temperature rarely lowers to 20 °F (−7 °C). Summers are sunny, dry and warm, with August, the warmest month, averaging 66.1 °F (18.9 °C), and with temperatures reaching 90 °F (32 °C) on 3.1 days per year, although 2011 is the most recent year to not reach 90 °F. The hottest officially recorded temperature was 103 °F (39 °C) on July 29, 2009; the coldest recorded temperature was 0 °F (−18 °C) on January 31, 1950; the record cold daily maximum is 16 °F (−9 °C) on January 14, 1950, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) the day the official record high was set. The average window for freezing temperatures is November 16 thru March 10, allowing a growing season of 250 days.

Question: What is Seattle's average December temperature? 
Answer: 40.6 °F

Question: How many winter days reach freezing in Seattle?
Answer: 28 annual days

Question: What month is the warmest in Seattle?
Answer: August

Question: What is August's usual temperature?
Answer: 66.1 °F

Question: How long is the growing season in the Seattle area?
Answer: 250 days
Seattle's foreign-born population grew 40% between the 1990 and 2000 censuses. The Chinese population in the Seattle area has origins in mainland China, Hong Kong, Southeast Asia, and Taiwan. The earliest Chinese-Americans that came in the late 19th and early 20th centuries were almost entirely from Guangdong province. The Seattle area is also home to a large Vietnamese population of more than 55,000 residents, as well as over 30,000 Somali immigrants. The Seattle-Tacoma area is also home to one of the largest Cambodian communities in the United States, numbering about 19,000 Cambodian Americans, and one of the largest Samoan communities in the mainland U.S., with over 15,000 people having Samoan ancestry. Additionally, the Seattle area had the highest percentage of self-identified mixed-race people of any large metropolitan area in the United States, according to the 2000 United States Census Bureau. According to a 2012 HistoryLink study, Seattle's 98118 ZIP code (in the Columbia City neighborhood) was one of the most diverse ZIP Code Tabulation Areas in the United States.

Question: How much did Seattle's foreign born population expand between 1990-2000?
Answer: 40%

Question: What other group of people does Seattle have the largest percentage of in the US?
Answer: self-identified mixed-race

Question: From where in China did most of the first immigrants come?
Answer: Guangdong province

Question: How many Vietnamese residents are there in Seattle? 
Answer: 55,000

Question: What is the population of Cambodian immigrants in Seattle?
Answer: 19,000
Prior to moving its headquarters to Chicago, aerospace manufacturer Boeing (#30) was the largest company based in Seattle. Its largest division is still headquartered in nearby Renton, and the company has large aircraft manufacturing plants in Everett and Renton, so it remains the largest private employer in the Seattle metropolitan area. Former Seattle Mayor Greg Nickels announced a desire to spark a new economic boom driven by the biotechnology industry in 2006. Major redevelopment of the South Lake Union neighborhood is underway, in an effort to attract new and established biotech companies to the city, joining biotech companies Corixa (acquired by GlaxoSmithKline), Immunex (now part of Amgen), Trubion, and ZymoGenetics. Vulcan Inc., the holding company of billionaire Paul Allen, is behind most of the development projects in the region. While some see the new development as an economic boon, others have criticized Nickels and the Seattle City Council for pandering to Allen's interests at taxpayers' expense. Also in 2006, Expansion Magazine ranked Seattle among the top 10 metropolitan areas in the nation for climates favorable to business expansion. In 2005, Forbes ranked Seattle as the most expensive American city for buying a house based on the local income levels. In 2013, however, the magazine ranked Seattle No. 9 on its list of the Best Places for Business and Careers.

Question: Before they moved to Chicago, what was the biggest company headquartered in Seattle?
Answer: Boeing

Question: For what did Forbes rank Seattle the most expensive?
Answer: buying a house

Question: Where in the Seattle area does Boeing have manufacturing plants?
Answer: Everett and Renton

Question: Which past mayor of Seattle has been criticized for favoring the rich of industry at the expense of the people? 
Answer: Mayor Greg Nickels

Question: What type of businesses did Nickles want to attract to Seattle?
Answer: biotech companies
There are other annual events, ranging from the Seattle Antiquarian Book Fair & Book Arts Show; an anime convention, Sakura-Con; Penny Arcade Expo, a gaming convention; a two-day, 9,000-rider Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic, and specialized film festivals, such as the Maelstrom International Fantastic Film Festival, the Seattle Asian American Film Festival (formerly known as the Northwest Asian American Film Festival), Children's Film Festival Seattle, Translation: the Seattle Transgender Film Festival, the Seattle Gay and Lesbian Film Festival, and the Seattle Polish Film Festival.

Question: What anime convention is held in Seattle?
Answer: Sakura-Con

Question: What is focus of the Penny Arcade Expo?
Answer: gaming

Question: How many bicyclists attend the Seattle to Portland Bicycle Classic?
Answer: 9,000

Question: What festival does Seattle have for the transgender community?
Answer: Seattle Transgender Film Festival

Question: What is Seattle's festival for the Polish community?
Answer: Seattle Polish Film Festival
Seattle is widely considered one of the most liberal cities in the United States, even surpassing its neighbor, Portland, Oregon. Support for issues such as same-sex marriage and reproductive rights are largely taken for granted in local politics. In the 2012 U.S. general election, an overwhelming majority of Seattleites voted to approve Referendum 74 and legalize gay marriage in Washington state. In the same election, an overwhelming majority of Seattleites also voted to approve the legalization of the recreational use of cannabis in the state. Like much of the Pacific Northwest (which has the lowest rate of church attendance in the United States and consistently reports the highest percentage of atheism), church attendance, religious belief, and political influence of religious leaders are much lower than in other parts of America.

Question: What is Seattle thought to be politically?
Answer: liberal

Question: What did the people of Seattle vote to legalize in 2012?
Answer: gay marriage

Question: What other political hot issue did voters in Seattle vote to legalize in 2012?
Answer: use of cannabis

Question:  What do residents of Seattle believe in matters of religion?
Answer: atheism

Question: How does Seattle compare in church attendance to the rest oF the US? 
Answer: much lower
The main mode of transportation, however, relies on Seattle's streets, which are laid out in a cardinal directions grid pattern, except in the central business district where early city leaders Arthur Denny and Carson Boren insisted on orienting their plats relative to the shoreline rather than to true North. Only two roads, Interstate 5 and State Route 99 (both limited-access highways), run uninterrupted through the city from north to south. State Route 99 runs through downtown Seattle on the Alaskan Way Viaduct, which was built in 1953. However, due to damage sustained during the 2001 Nisqually earthquake the viaduct will be replaced by a tunnel. The 2-mile (3.2 km) Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel was originally scheduled to be completed in December 2015 at a cost of US$4.25 billion. Unfortunately, due to issues with the worlds largest tunnel boring machine (TBM), which is nicknamed "Bertha" and is 57 feet (17 m) in diameter, the projected date of completion has been pushed back to 2017. Seattle has the 8th worst traffic congestion of all American cities, and is 10th among all North American cities.

Question: What is mainly used for transportation in Seattle?
Answer: streets

Question: What road was built in 1953 and later damaged by an earthquake?
Answer: Alaskan Way Viaduct

Question: What is planned to replace the Alaska Way Viaduct?
Answer: tunnel

Question: When is the tunnel now expected to be finished?
Answer: 2017

Question: What was the original projected cost of the viaduct replacement tunnel?
Answer: $4.25 billion
In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli. In the first stage the information must be changed so that it may be put into the encoding process. Storage is the second memory stage or process. This entails that information is maintained over short periods of time. Finally the third process is the retrieval of information that has been stored. Such information must be located and returned to the consciousness. Some retrieval attempts may be effortless due to the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons.

Question: Which three processes does phychology recognize as memory?
Answer: process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

Question: Why may some memory retrieval processes fail?
Answer: the type of information, and other attempts to remember stored information may be more demanding for various reasons.

Question: What happens to information during the encoding process?
Answer: g allows information from the outside world to be sensed in the form of chemical and physical stimuli.

Question: What is the second memory stage?
Answer: Storage

Question: What is the third process that happens during the memory process?
Answer: retrieval of information that has been stored
Brain areas involved in the neuroanatomy of memory such as the hippocampus, the amygdala, the striatum, or the mammillary bodies are thought to be involved in specific types of memory. For example, the hippocampus is believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning, while the amygdala is thought to be involved in emotional memory. Damage to certain areas in patients and animal models and subsequent memory deficits is a primary source of information. However, rather than implicating a specific area, it could be that damage to adjacent areas, or to a pathway traveling through the area is actually responsible for the observed deficit. Further, it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions. Learning and memory are attributed to changes in neuronal synapses, thought to be mediated by long-term potentiation and long-term depression.

Question: What role does the amygdala play in memory?
Answer: thought to be involved in emotional memory

Question: Can you pin point certain areas of the brain to certain memories. 
Answer: it is not sufficient to describe memory, and its counterpart, learning, as solely dependent on specific brain regions

Question: What changes can be linked to learning and memory?
Answer: neuronal synapses,

Question: What is the hippocampus's relationship to memory?
Answer: believed to be involved in spatial learning and declarative learning
Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries, but this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them. In California and the western US, there were greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents. These were prohibited from official relationships with whites. White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.

Question: What were put in place to prevent the mix of races?
Answer: Anti-miscegenation laws

Question: Why did the anti-miscegenation not insure that there was no interracial mixing?
Answer: white men from taking slave women as concubines and having multiracial children with them

Question: Where was there greater numbers of Latinos and Asian residents?
Answer: In California and the western US

Question: When were the laws against marriage between Asians and Europeans lifted?
Answer: 1950s

Question: What races were prohibited from official relationships with whites?
Answer: Latino and Asian residents

Question: When were anti-miscegenation laws passed?
Answer: Anti-miscegenation laws were passed in most states during the 18th, 19th and early 20th centuries

Question: Were Latino residents also prohibited from marrying whites? 
Answer: were prohibited from official relationships with whites.

Question: Did these laws change behavior of white slaveholders and other powerful white men?
Answer: this did not prevent white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men from taking slave women as concubines

Question: Which region has greater numbers of Latino and Asian residents?
Answer: In California and the western US,

Question: Were there any laws against marriage between whites and Asians in the US?
Answer: White legislators passed laws prohibiting marriage between European and Asian Americans until the 1950s.

Question: In the western US, who were not allowed to have relationships with whites?
Answer: Latino and Asian residents

Question: When did laws stop banning marriage between whites and asians?
Answer: the 1950s

Question: Who were taking slaves as concubines?
Answer: white slaveholders, their sons, or other powerful white men
In 1911 arsphenamine, the first synthetic anti-infective drug, was developed by Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim of the Institute of Experimental Therapy in Berlin. The drug was given the commercial name Salvarsan. Ehrlich, noting both the general toxicity of arsenic and the selective absorption of certain dyes by bacteria, hypothesized that an arsenic-containing dye with similar selective absorption properties could be used to treat bacterial infections. Arsphenamine was prepared as part of a campaign to synthesize a series of such compounds, and found to exhibit partially selective toxicity. Arsphenamine proved to be the first effective treatment for syphilis, a disease which prior to that time was incurable and led inexorably to severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death.[citation needed]

Question: Who developed Arsphenamine?
Answer: Paul Ehrlich and chemist Alfred Bertheim

Question: What was the first effective treatment for Syphilis?
Answer: Arsphenamine

Question: What complications are associated with Syphilis?
Answer: severe skin ulceration, neurological damage, and death

Question: What is Amphetamine's market name?
Answer: Institute of Experimental Therapy

Question: Where is the Institute of Experimental Therapy located?
Answer: Berlin

Question: Bacterial infections could be treated with medicines containing what kind of dye?
Answer: arsenic

Question: What was the name of the first synthetic bacterial drug?
Answer: arsphenamine

Question: Arsphenamine became the first treatment for what previously incurable disease?
Answer: syphilis

Question: In what year was arsphenamine discovered?
Answer: 1911

Question: What was the commercial name of arsphenamine?
Answer: Salvarsan
Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine. The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used. The United States recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921 resulting in 15,520 deaths. In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis. Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis.

Question: Who created the first rabies vaccine?
Answer: Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux

Question: How many cases of Diphtheria were there in 1921?
Answer: 206,000

Question: In 1923, what was discovered to be safer to treat Diphtheria Toxin?
Answer: formaldehyde

Question: Who created a vaccine to treat Japanese Encephalitis?
Answer: Maurice Hilleman

Question: How many deaths occurred due to Diphtheria?
Answer: 15,520

Question: The rabies vaccine was created in what year?
Answer: 1885

Question: In what year was the diphtheria vaccine made?
Answer: 1914

Question: What compound made the diphtheria vaccine safer to use?
Answer: formaldehyde

Question: Who developed the first encephalitis vaccine? 
Answer: Maurice Hilleman

Question: What company did Hilleman later work for?
Answer: Merck
In 1937 over 100 people died after ingesting "Elixir Sulfanilamide" manufactured by S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee. The product was formulated in diethylene glycol, a highly toxic solvent that is now widely used as antifreeze. Under the laws extant at that time, prosecution of the manufacturer was possible only under the technicality that the product had been called an "elixir", which literally implied a solution in ethanol. In response to this episode, the U.S. Congress passed the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938, which for the first time required pre-market demonstration of safety before a drug could be sold, and explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims.

Question: Who manufactured "Elixir Sulfanilamide"?
Answer: S.E. Massengill Company

Question: What was one of the things the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act do?
Answer: explicitly prohibited false therapeutic claims

Question: What year did Congress pass the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act?
Answer: 1938

Question: What drug killed 100 people in 1937?
Answer: Elixir Sulfanilamide

Question: What is Diethylene Glycol commonly used for now?
Answer: antifreeze

Question: What company manufactured Elixir Sulfanilamide? 
Answer: S.E. Massengill Company of Tennessee

Question: What drug killed over 100 people in 1937?
Answer: Elixir Sulfanilamide

Question: Diethylene glycol is mainly used today as what liquid?
Answer: antifreeze

Question: What law did Congress pass following the Elixir Sulfanilamide incident?
Answer: Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938

Question: The name "elixir" implied a solution in what liquid?
Answer: ethanol
Prior to the 20th century drugs were generally produced by small scale manufacturers with little regulatory control over manufacturing or claims of safety and efficacy. To the extent that such laws did exist, enforcement was lax. In the United States, increased regulation of vaccines and other biological drugs was spurred by tetanus outbreaks and deaths caused by the distribution of contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin. The Biologics Control Act of 1902 required that federal government grant premarket approval for every biological drug and for the process and facility producing such drugs. This was followed in 1906 by the Pure Food and Drugs Act, which forbade the interstate distribution of adulterated or misbranded foods and drugs. A drug was considered misbranded if it contained alcohol, morphine, opium, cocaine, or any of several other potentially dangerous or addictive drugs, and if its label failed to indicate the quantity or proportion of such drugs. The government's attempts to use the law to prosecute manufacturers for making unsupported claims of efficacy were undercut by a Supreme Court ruling restricting the federal government's enforcement powers to cases of incorrect specification of the drug's ingredients.

Question: What Act forbade misbranded drugs?
Answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act

Question: What caused a Tetanus outbreak?
Answer: contaminated smallpox vaccine and diphtheria antitoxin

Question: What act allowed premarket approval for drugs?
Answer: The Biologics Control Act of 1902

Question: When did the Pure Food and Drugs Act get implemented?
Answer: 1906

Question: Who restricted the federal government's enforcement powers?
Answer: Supreme Court

Question: What was the name of the law that required premarket approval for producing drugs?
Answer: Biologics Control Act of 1902

Question: What law banned the interstate distribution of mislabeled food and drugs? 
Answer: Pure Food and Drugs Act

Question: In what year was the Pure Food and Drugs Act passed?
Answer: 1906
In 1952 researchers at Ciba discovered the first orally available vasodilator, hydralazine. A major shortcoming of hydralazine monotherapy was that it lost its effectiveness over time (tachyphylaxis). In the mid-1950s Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co. discovered and developed chlorothiazide, which remains the most widely used antihypertensive drug today. This development was associated with a substantial decline in the mortality rate among people with hypertension. The inventors were recognized by a Public Health Lasker Award in 1975 for "the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension".

Question: Who discovered Hydralazine?
Answer: researchers at Ciba

Question: Why were the researchers recognized in 1975?
Answer: the saving of untold thousands of lives and the alleviation of the suffering of millions of victims of hypertension

Question: Who developed Chlorothiazide?
Answer: Karl H. Beyer, James M. Sprague, John E. Baer, and Frederick C. Novello of Merck and Co

Question: What is  Chlorothiazide used to treat?
Answer: hypertension

Question: What was the main shortcoming in the drug Hydralazine?
Answer: lost its effectiveness over time

Question: What was the name of the first oral vasodilator?
Answer: hydralazine

Question: What is the most used antihypertensive drug today?
Answer: chlorothiazide

Question: Beyer, Sprague, Baer, and Novello received what award in 1975?
Answer: Public Health Lasker Award

Question: In what year was hydralazine discovered?
Answer: 1952

Question: Chlorothiazide helped reduce the mortality rate among those with what disease?
Answer: hypertension
Prior to the second world war, birth control was prohibited in many countries, and in the United States even the discussion of contraceptive methods sometimes led to prosecution under Comstock laws. The history of the development of oral contraceptives is thus closely tied to the birth control movement and the efforts of activists Margaret Sanger, Mary Dennett, and Emma Goldman. Based on fundamental research performed by Gregory Pincus and synthetic methods for progesterone developed by Carl Djerassi at Syntex and by Frank Colton at G.D. Searle & Co., the first oral contraceptive, Enovid, was developed by E.D. Searle and Co. and approved by the FDA in 1960. The original formulation incorporated vastly excessive doses of hormones, and caused severe side effects. Nonetheless, by 1962, 1.2 million American women were on the pill, and by 1965 the number had increased to 6.5 million. The availability of a convenient form of temporary contraceptive led to dramatic changes in social mores including expanding the range of lifestyle options available to women, reducing the reliance of women on men for contraceptive practice, encouraging the delay of marriage, and increasing pre-marital co-habitation.

Question: What law prohibited birth control?
Answer: Comstock laws

Question: When was Enovid first approved?
Answer: 1960

Question: What increased due to the availability of birth control?
Answer: pre-marital co-habitation

Question: Who created the first oral birth control?
Answer: E.D. Searle and Co

Question: In 1965, how many women were on the birth control pill?
Answer: 6.5 million

Question: Discussing contraception sometimes led to prosecution under what laws?
Answer: Comstock laws

Question: What was the name of the first oral contraceptive?
Answer: Enovid

Question: By 1965, about how many American women were taking Enovid?
Answer: 6.5 million

Question: When did the FDA approve Enovid?
Answer: 1960

Question: Birth control was prohibited in most countries before what war?
Answer: second world war