title: Debye–Hückel theory
Debye model
Physikalische Zeitschrift
Debye–Waller factor
Debye length
Debye–Hückel equation
Peter Debye Award
Woldemar Voigt
Peter Debye
Debye frequency
sentences: The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas.
 It is a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann model, which assumes an extremely simplified model of electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predictions of mean activity coefficients for ions in dilute solution.
 The Debye–Hückel equation provides a starting point for modern treatments of non-ideality of electrolyte solutions.
In thermodynamics and solid state physics, the Debye model is a method developed by Peter Debye in 1912 for estimating the phonon contribution to the specific heat (heat capacity) in a solid.
 It treats the vibrations of the atomic lattice (heat) as phonons in a box, in contrast to the Einstein model, which treats the solid as many individual, non-interacting quantum harmonic oscillators.
 The Debye model correctly predicts the low temperature dependence of the heat capacity, which is proportional to formula_1 – the Debye T law.
 Just like the Einstein model, it also recovers the Dulong–Petit law at high temperatures.
 But due to simplifying assumptions, its accuracy suffers at intermediate temperatures.
Physikalische Zeitschrift (English: "Physical Journal") was a German scientific journal of physics published from 1899 to 1945 by S. Hirzel Verlag.
 Several publications of great historical significance have been published in it, such as Albert Einstein's "Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung" ("On the Development of Our Views Concerning the Nature and Constitution of Radiation").
 During its life, it was edited by several prominent physicists, such as Peter Debye.
The Debye–Waller factor (DWF), named after Peter Debye and Ivar Waller, is used in condensed matter physics to describe the attenuation of x-ray scattering or coherent neutron scattering caused by thermal motion.
 It has also been called the B factor or the temperature factor.
 Often, "Debye-Waller factor" is used as a generic term that comprises the Lamb-Mössbauer factor of incoherent neutron scattering and Mössbauer spectroscopy.
In plasmas and electrolytes the Debye length (also called Debye radius), named after the Dutch physicist and physical chemist Peter Debye, is the measure of a charge carrier's net electrostatic effect in solution, and how far those electrostatic effects persist.
The chemists Peter Debye and Erich Hückel noticed that solutions that contain ionic solutes do not behave ideally even at very low concentrations.
 So, while the concentration of the solutes is fundamental to the calculation of the dynamics of a solution, they theorized that an extra factor that they termed gamma is necessary to the calculation of the activity coefficients of the solution.
 Hence they developed the Debye–Hückel equation and Debye–Hückel limiting law.
 The activity is only proportional to the concentration and is altered by a factor known as the activity coefficient formula_1.
 This factor takes into account the interaction energy of ions in the solution.
The Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry is awarded annually by the American Chemical Society "to encourage and reward outstanding research in physical chemistry".
 The award is named after Peter Debye and
Woldemar Voigt (] ; 2 September 1850 – 13 December 1919) was a German physicist, who taught at the Georg August University of Göttingen.
 Voigt eventually went on to head the Mathematical Physics Department at Göttingen and was succeeded in 1914 by Peter Debye, who took charge of the theoretical department of the Physical Institute.
 In 1921, Debye was succeeded by Max Born.
Peter Joseph William Debye {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} ( ; ] ; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry.
The Debye frequency of a crystal is a theoretical maximum frequency of vibration for the atoms that make up the crystal .
 It was proposed by Peter Debye as part of the Debye model.
 It is generally not the same as the actual maximum oscillation frequency for the crystal, due to approximations in the model, however it is still a useful quantity .
 It plays a role in the computation of the specific heat capacity of solids and in theoretical estimates of rates of diffusion.
 It is related to the speed of sound (formula_1) in the crystal and the number density of the crystal formula_2 as follows :

Question: Question: What type of profession does Physikalische Zeitschrift and Peter Debye have in common? 

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Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 The Debye–Hückel theory was proposed by Peter Debye and Erich Hückel as a theoretical explanation for departures from ideality in solutions of electrolytes and plasmas.
 It is a linearized Poisson–Boltzmann model, which assumes an extremely simplified model of electrolyte solution but nevertheless gave accurate predictions of mean activity coefficients for ions in dilute solution.
 The Debye–Hückel equation provides a starting point for modern treatments of non-ideality of electrolyte solutions. 

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Paragraph 1 

 In thermodynamics and solid state physics, the Debye model is a method developed by Peter Debye in 1912 for estimating the phonon contribution to the specific heat (heat capacity) in a solid.
 It treats the vibrations of the atomic lattice (heat) as phonons in a box, in contrast to the Einstein model, which treats the solid as many individual, non-interacting quantum harmonic oscillators.
 The Debye model correctly predicts the low temperature dependence of the heat capacity, which is proportional to formula_1 – the Debye T law.
 Just like the Einstein model, it also recovers the Dulong–Petit law at high temperatures.
 But due to simplifying assumptions, its accuracy suffers at intermediate temperatures. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Physikalische Zeitschrift (English: "Physical Journal") was a German scientific journal of physics published from 1899 to 1945 by S. Hirzel Verlag.
 Several publications of great historical significance have been published in it, such as Albert Einstein's "Über die Entwicklung unserer Anschauungen über das Wesen und die Konstitution der Strahlung" ("On the Development of Our Views Concerning the Nature and Constitution of Radiation").
 During its life, it was edited by several prominent physicists, such as Peter Debye. 

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Paragraph 3 

 In plasmas and electrolytes the Debye length (also called Debye radius), named after the Dutch physicist and physical chemist Peter Debye, is the measure of a charge carrier's net electrostatic effect in solution, and how far those electrostatic effects persist. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 The Peter Debye Award in Physical Chemistry is awarded annually by the American Chemical Society "to encourage and reward outstanding research in physical chemistry".
 The award is named after Peter Debye and 

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Paragraph 5 

 Woldemar Voigt (] ; 2 September 1850 – 13 December 1919) was a German physicist, who taught at the Georg August University of Göttingen.
 Voigt eventually went on to head the Mathematical Physics Department at Göttingen and was succeeded in 1914 by Peter Debye, who took charge of the theoretical department of the Physical Institute.
 In 1921, Debye was succeeded by Max Born. 

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Paragraph 6 

 Peter Joseph William Debye {'1': ", '2': ", '3': 'ForMemRS', '4': "} ( ; ] ; March 24, 1884 – November 2, 1966) was a Dutch-American physicist and physical chemist, and Nobel laureate in Chemistry. 

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Paragraph 7 

 The Debye frequency of a crystal is a theoretical maximum frequency of vibration for the atoms that make up the crystal .
 It was proposed by Peter Debye as part of the Debye model.
 It is generally not the same as the actual maximum oscillation frequency for the crystal, due to approximations in the model, however it is still a useful quantity .
 It plays a role in the computation of the specific heat capacity of solids and in theoretical estimates of rates of diffusion.
 It is related to the speed of sound (formula_1) in the crystal and the number density of the crystal formula_2 as follows : 

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Answer: physicist