title: Scandal (1989 film)
Valerie Hobson
Harold Macmillan
David Profumo
Rules of origin
John Profumo
Profumo affair
Christine Keeler
Stephen Ward
Yevgeny Ivanov (spy)
sentences: Scandal is a 1989 British drama film, a fictionalised account of the Profumo Affair that rocked the government of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan.
 It stars Joanne Whalley as Christine Keeler and John Hurt as Stephen Ward, personalities at the heart of the affair.
Valerie Hobson (14 April 1917 – 13 November 1998) was a British actress who appeared in a number of films during the 1930s, 1940s and 1950s.
 She was born Babette Valerie Louise Hobson in Larne, County Antrim, in present-day Northern Ireland.
 Her second husband was John Profumo, a government minister who became the subject of a sensational sex scandal in 1963.
Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.
 Nicknamed "Supermac", he was known for his pragmatism, wit and unflappability.
David John Profumo FRSL (born 20 October 1955 in London) is an English novelist.
Rules of origin are used to determine the country of origin of a product for purposes of international trade.
 There are two common types of rules of origin depending upon application, the preferential and non-preferential rules of origin (19 CFR 102).
 The exact rules vary from country to country, from agreement to agreement.
John Dennis Profumo, CBE ( ; 30 January 1915 – 9 March 2006) was a British politician whose career ended in 1963 after a sexual relationship with the 19-year-old model Christine Keeler in 1961.
 The scandal, which became known as the Profumo affair, led to his resignation from the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan.
The Profumo affair was a British political scandal that originated with a brief sexual relationship in 1961 between John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War in Harold Macmillan's government, and Christine Keeler, a 19-year-old would-be model.
 In March 1963, Profumo denied any impropriety in a personal statement to the House of Commons, but was forced to admit the truth a few weeks later.
 He resigned from the government and from Parliament.
 The repercussions of the affair severely damaged Macmillan's self-confidence, and he resigned as prime minister on health grounds in October 1963.
 His Conservative Party was marked by the scandal, which may have contributed to its defeat by Labour in the 1964 general election.
Christine Margaret Keeler (born 22 February 1942) is an English former model and showgirl.
 Her meeting at a dance-club with society osteopath Stephen Ward drew her into fashionable circles.
 At the height of the Cold War, she became sexually involved with a married government minister, John Profumo, as well as a Soviet diplomat.
 A shooting incident between two of her other lovers caused the press to investigate her, revealing that her affairs could be threatening national security.
 In the House of Commons, Profumo denied any improper conduct but later admitted that he had lied.
 This incident discredited the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan in 1963 in what became known as the Profumo affair.
Stephen Thomas Ward (19 October 1912 – 3 August 1963) was an English osteopath and artist who was one of the central figures in the 1963 Profumo affair, a British political scandal which brought about the resignation of John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War, and contributed to the defeat of the Conservative government a year later.
Captain Yevgeny Mikhailovich Ivanov (Russian: Евгений Михайлович Иванов ; 11 January 1926 – 17 January 1994), also known as Eugene Ivanov, was a naval attaché at the Soviet Embassy in London during the early 1960s, and was also engaged in espionage.
 His affair with Christine Keeler resulted in another of her lovers, John Profumo, resigning from the United Kingdom government, in what became known as the Profumo affair.

Question: Question: What country of origin does Harold Macmilla and John Profumo have in common? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Scandal is a 1989 British drama film, a fictionalised account of the Profumo Affair that rocked the government of British Prime Minister Harold Macmillan.
 It stars Joanne Whalley as Christine Keeler and John Hurt as Stephen Ward, personalities at the heart of the affair. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Maurice Harold Macmillan, 1st Earl of Stockton, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (10 February 1894 – 29 December 1986) was a British statesman of the Conservative Party who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1957 to 1963.
 Nicknamed "Supermac", he was known for his pragmatism, wit and unflappability. 

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Paragraph 2 

 David John Profumo FRSL (born 20 October 1955 in London) is an English novelist. 

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Paragraph 3 

 Rules of origin are used to determine the country of origin of a product for purposes of international trade.
 There are two common types of rules of origin depending upon application, the preferential and non-preferential rules of origin (19 CFR 102).
 The exact rules vary from country to country, from agreement to agreement. 

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Paragraph 4 

 John Dennis Profumo, CBE ( ; 30 January 1915 – 9 March 2006) was a British politician whose career ended in 1963 after a sexual relationship with the 19-year-old model Christine Keeler in 1961.
 The scandal, which became known as the Profumo affair, led to his resignation from the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan. 

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Paragraph 5 

 The Profumo affair was a British political scandal that originated with a brief sexual relationship in 1961 between John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War in Harold Macmillan's government, and Christine Keeler, a 19-year-old would-be model.
 In March 1963, Profumo denied any impropriety in a personal statement to the House of Commons, but was forced to admit the truth a few weeks later.
 He resigned from the government and from Parliament.
 The repercussions of the affair severely damaged Macmillan's self-confidence, and he resigned as prime minister on health grounds in October 1963.
 His Conservative Party was marked by the scandal, which may have contributed to its defeat by Labour in the 1964 general election. 

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Paragraph 6 

 Christine Margaret Keeler (born 22 February 1942) is an English former model and showgirl.
 Her meeting at a dance-club with society osteopath Stephen Ward drew her into fashionable circles.
 At the height of the Cold War, she became sexually involved with a married government minister, John Profumo, as well as a Soviet diplomat.
 A shooting incident between two of her other lovers caused the press to investigate her, revealing that her affairs could be threatening national security.
 In the House of Commons, Profumo denied any improper conduct but later admitted that he had lied.
 This incident discredited the Conservative government of Harold Macmillan in 1963 in what became known as the Profumo affair. 

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Paragraph 7 

 Stephen Thomas Ward (19 October 1912 – 3 August 1963) was an English osteopath and artist who was one of the central figures in the 1963 Profumo affair, a British political scandal which brought about the resignation of John Profumo, the Secretary of State for War, and contributed to the defeat of the Conservative government a year later. 

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Answer: British