title: Susan Conant
Kaktovik Inupiaq numerals
Central Inuit
Tamaskan Dog
Northern Inuit Dog
Perianal gland tumor
Alaskan Malamute
Inupiaq language
Eskimo potato
Husky
sentences: Susan Conant is an American mystery writer.
 She is best known for her "Dog Lover's Mysteries" series, featuring magazine writer Holly Winter.
 Conant graduated from Radcliffe College with a degree in social relations, and a doctorate from Harvard in human development.
 She is active in Alaskan Malamute Rescue and is a three-time recipient of the Dog Writers Association of America's Maxwell Award for Fiction Writing.
 She is also the author of the "Cat Lover's Mysteries" series and co-author with daughter Jessica Conant-Park of the "Gourmet Girl Mysteries" series.
Inuit, like other Eskimo languages (and Celtic and Mayan languages as well), uses a vigesimal counting system.
 Inuit counting has sub-bases at 5, 10, and 15.
 Arabic numerals, consisting of 10 distinct digits (0-9) are not adequate to represent a base-20 system.
 Students from Kaktovik, Alaska, came up with the Kaktovik Inupiaq numerals, which has since gained wide use among Alaskan Iñupiaq, and is slowly gaining ground in other countries where dialects of the Inuit language are spoken.
Central Inuit are the Inuit of Northern Canada, their designation determined by geography and their tradition of snowhouses ("igloos"), fur clothing, and sled dogs.
 They are differentiated from Alaska's Iñupiat, Greenland's Kalaallit, and Russian Inuit.
 Central Inuit are subdivided into smaller groupings which include the Caribou, Netsilik, Iglulik, and Baffinland Inuit.
 Though Copper Inuit are geographically located in the central Arctic, they are considered to be socially and ideologically distinct from the Central Inuit.
The Tamaskan dogs are a crossbreed, specifically designed by dog fanciers, beginning in Finland, to morphologically resemble a wolfdog.
 It is a cross of several standardized breeds of the sled dog type like the Siberian Husky and the Alaskan Malamute, and its bloodlines may sometimes include a small amount of wolfdog stock.
 s of 2013, Tamaskans have not been recognized as a breed in its own right by any major breed registries or kennel clubs, only being recognized by two minor registries, the American Rare Breed Association, and the related Kennel Club of the United States of America, and by Tamaskan-specific breeder clubs.
 It is a highly versatile dog that can excel in agility, obedience and working trials.
 Although there are a little over 600 Tamaskans worldwide registered in these organizations, increasing interest has resulted in their spread throughout continental Europe, the UK, United States, Canada, and Australia.
The Northern Inuit Dog is a crossbred dog that originated in the late 1980s, in an attempt to create a domestic dog breed more closely resembling the wolf.
 It is currently only recognized by its own independent breed club, but by no other major kennel clubs.
 The dog originates from crosses among German Shepherd Dogs, Siberian Huskies, and a variety of Inuit breeds.
 Although the original stock is Canadian in origin, the breed was developed in the UK.
A perianal gland tumor is a type of tumor found near the anus in dogs that arises from specialized glandular tissue found in the perineum.
 Perianal glands do not exist in cats.
 It is also known as a hepatoid tumor because of the similarity in cell shape to hepatocytes (liver cells).
 It is most commonly seen in intact (not neutered) dogs and is the third most common tumor type in intact male dogs.
 There are two types of perianal gland tumors, perianal gland adenomas, which are benign, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas, which are malignant.
 Both have receptors for testosterone.
 Perianal gland adenomas are three times more likely to be found in intact male dogs than females, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas are ten times more common in male dogs than females.
 The most commonly affected breeds for adenomas are the Siberian Husky, Cocker Spaniel, Pekingese, and Samoyed; for adenocarcinomas the most commonly affected breeds are the Siberian Husky, Bulldog, and Alaskan Malamute.
The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of domestic dog ("Canis lupus familiaris") originally bred for hauling heavy freight because of their strength and endurance, and later a sled dog.
 They are similar to other arctic breeds, such as the Greenland Dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, the Siberian Husky, and the Samoyed.
Inupiaq , Inupiat or Alaskan Inuit, is a group of dialects of the Inuit languages, spoken by the Inupiat people in northern and northwestern Alaska, and part of the Northwest Territories.
 The Inupiat language is a member of the Inuit-Yupik-Unangan language family, and is closely related to Inuit languages of Canada and Greenland.
 There are roughly 2,000 speakers.
 Inupiaq is an official language of the State of Alaska.
The Eskimo potato is a type of edible plant that grows in the northern areas of Canada and Alaska.
 It can be used in the state's famous Alaskan potato and egg breakfast tacos.
 The plant's scientific name is variously attributed as either "Claytonia tuberosa" (Inuit: "oatkuk") or "Hedysarum alpinum" (Inuit: "mashu").
 Both species have a range in the northern area of North America, have edible roots, and have been documented to have been used as a food source by Inuit peoples.
 Due to its nutritional qualities, the eskimo potato is one of many edible foods listed in survival guides, such as the US Army's field manual "Survival", and is used in modern times to subsist in nature; for instance, Christopher McCandless used the plant as a food source while he survived in the Alaska wilderness.
 However, while the tubers are edible, it is suspected that the ingestion of seeds from this plant caused McCandless' death.
Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.
 They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.
 The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is "the largest and most powerful" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.
 Huskies are used in sled dog racing.
 In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.
 Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs.

Question: Question: Northern Inuit Dog and Alaskan Malamute are both what? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Inuit, like other Eskimo languages (and Celtic and Mayan languages as well), uses a vigesimal counting system.
 Inuit counting has sub-bases at 5, 10, and 15.
 Arabic numerals, consisting of 10 distinct digits (0-9) are not adequate to represent a base-20 system.
 Students from Kaktovik, Alaska, came up with the Kaktovik Inupiaq numerals, which has since gained wide use among Alaskan Iñupiaq, and is slowly gaining ground in other countries where dialects of the Inuit language are spoken. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 The Tamaskan dogs are a crossbreed, specifically designed by dog fanciers, beginning in Finland, to morphologically resemble a wolfdog.
 It is a cross of several standardized breeds of the sled dog type like the Siberian Husky and the Alaskan Malamute, and its bloodlines may sometimes include a small amount of wolfdog stock.
 s of 2013, Tamaskans have not been recognized as a breed in its own right by any major breed registries or kennel clubs, only being recognized by two minor registries, the American Rare Breed Association, and the related Kennel Club of the United States of America, and by Tamaskan-specific breeder clubs.
 It is a highly versatile dog that can excel in agility, obedience and working trials.
 Although there are a little over 600 Tamaskans worldwide registered in these organizations, increasing interest has resulted in their spread throughout continental Europe, the UK, United States, Canada, and Australia. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 The Northern Inuit Dog is a crossbred dog that originated in the late 1980s, in an attempt to create a domestic dog breed more closely resembling the wolf.
 It is currently only recognized by its own independent breed club, but by no other major kennel clubs.
 The dog originates from crosses among German Shepherd Dogs, Siberian Huskies, and a variety of Inuit breeds.
 Although the original stock is Canadian in origin, the breed was developed in the UK. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 A perianal gland tumor is a type of tumor found near the anus in dogs that arises from specialized glandular tissue found in the perineum.
 Perianal glands do not exist in cats.
 It is also known as a hepatoid tumor because of the similarity in cell shape to hepatocytes (liver cells).
 It is most commonly seen in intact (not neutered) dogs and is the third most common tumor type in intact male dogs.
 There are two types of perianal gland tumors, perianal gland adenomas, which are benign, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas, which are malignant.
 Both have receptors for testosterone.
 Perianal gland adenomas are three times more likely to be found in intact male dogs than females, and perianal gland adenocarcinomas are ten times more common in male dogs than females.
 The most commonly affected breeds for adenomas are the Siberian Husky, Cocker Spaniel, Pekingese, and Samoyed; for adenocarcinomas the most commonly affected breeds are the Siberian Husky, Bulldog, and Alaskan Malamute. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 The Alaskan Malamute is a large breed of domestic dog ("Canis lupus familiaris") originally bred for hauling heavy freight because of their strength and endurance, and later a sled dog.
 They are similar to other arctic breeds, such as the Greenland Dog, Canadian Eskimo Dog, the Siberian Husky, and the Samoyed. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Inupiaq , Inupiat or Alaskan Inuit, is a group of dialects of the Inuit languages, spoken by the Inupiat people in northern and northwestern Alaska, and part of the Northwest Territories.
 The Inupiat language is a member of the Inuit-Yupik-Unangan language family, and is closely related to Inuit languages of Canada and Greenland.
 There are roughly 2,000 speakers.
 Inupiaq is an official language of the State of Alaska. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 The Eskimo potato is a type of edible plant that grows in the northern areas of Canada and Alaska.
 It can be used in the state's famous Alaskan potato and egg breakfast tacos.
 The plant's scientific name is variously attributed as either "Claytonia tuberosa" (Inuit: "oatkuk") or "Hedysarum alpinum" (Inuit: "mashu").
 Both species have a range in the northern area of North America, have edible roots, and have been documented to have been used as a food source by Inuit peoples.
 Due to its nutritional qualities, the eskimo potato is one of many edible foods listed in survival guides, such as the US Army's field manual "Survival", and is used in modern times to subsist in nature; for instance, Christopher McCandless used the plant as a food source while he survived in the Alaska wilderness.
 However, while the tubers are edible, it is suspected that the ingestion of seeds from this plant caused McCandless' death. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Husky is a general name for a sled-type of dog used in northern regions, differentiated from other sled-dog types by their fast pulling style.
 They are an ever-changing cross-breed of the fastest dogs.
 The Alaskan Malamute, by contrast, is "the largest and most powerful" sled dog, and was used for heavier loads.
 Huskies are used in sled dog racing.
 In recent years, companies have been marketing tourist treks with dog sledges for adventure travelers in snow regions as well.
 Huskies are also today kept as pets, and groups work to find new pet homes for retired racing and adventure trekking dogs. 

--------------------------------

 


Answer: dog