title: Midnight Ramble (film)
The House Behind the Cedars
P. J. Castellaneta
Birthright (1924 film)
Uncle Jasper's Will
The Exile (1931 film)
Deceit (1923 film)
Oscar Micheaux
The Czar of Black Hollywood
Pearl Bowser
sentences: Midnight Ramble is a 1994 documentary about the early history of Black American movies from the period between 1910 and 1950.
 Known as "race movies", these films, traditionally independent of Hollywood, were made primarily by, for and about the Black Community.
 This documentary is a tribute to a film genre that lasted for more than forty years, produced over 500 movies, and created a foundation for contemporary films from directors such as Spike Lee and Tyler Perry.
 James Avery narrates this exploration of the early black film industry.
 There is a mistaken assumption that 'race films' began largely in reaction to D. W. Griffith's 1915 "The Birth of a Nation".
 Nothing could be further from the truth.
 Race movies actually began around 1910 in Chicago in response to the Black Community longing to see themselves reflected on the silver screen via this new medium of film.
 Wanting to see themselves through their own eyes, on their own terms thus counteracting the Hollywood stereotypes within the American media.
 The film focuses especially on the work of Oscar Micheaux, considered the 'Dean of Black American film,' a controversial filmmaker who wrote, produced, and directed over 40 features, and tackled difficult social issues in Black America.
 It includes clips from films by a number of African-American directors of the period, which is very helpful since many of these films are difficult to find or unavailable.
 There are two versions of the title of the documentary, both referring to the same work.
 Initially released in 1994 as, "Midnight Ramble: Oscar Micheaux & the Story of Race Movies" It was re-released as "Midnight Ramble: The Story of the Black Film Industry" by PBS in 1995 The 1995 version also eliminates the David McCullugh introduction.
The House Behind the Cedars is a 1927 silent race film directed, written, produced and distributed by the noted director Oscar Micheaux.
 It was loosely adapted from the 1900 novel of the same name by the African-American writer Charles W. Chesnutt, who explored issues of race, class and identity in the post-Civil War South.
 No print of the film is known to exist, and it is considered lost.
 Micheaux remade the film in 1932 under the title "Veiled Aristocrats".
Paul Joseph (P. J.) Castellaneta (born 1960) is an American film director, who wrote and directed the films "Together Alone" and "Relax...It's Just Sex".
Birthright is a 1924 film by Oscar Micheaux in 10 reels adapted from Thomas S. Stribling's novel of the same title (1922).
 The cast included J. Homer Tutt (as Peter Siner), Evelyn Preer (as Cissie Deldine), Salem Tutt Whitney (as Tump Pack), Lawrence Chenault, and W.B.F. Crowell.
 .
 Oscar Micheaux later remade the story with new actors as a talkie, "Birthright (1939 film)", in 35mm.
Uncle Jasper's Will (also released as Jasper Landry's Will) is a 1922 race film directed, produced and written by Oscar Micheaux.
 The film is a drama about the contents of a last will and testament left behind by an African American sharecropper who was lynched after being falsely accused of the murder of a white plantation owner.
 The film was intended as a sequel to Micheaux’s landmark feature "Within Our Gates".
The Exile is a 1931 American film by Oscar Micheaux with the co-direction of the Dances and Ensemble by Leonard Harper.
 A drama–romance of the race film genre, it was Micheaux's first feature-length talkie, and the first African American talkie.
 Adapted from Micheaux's first novel, "The Conquest" (1913), it has some autobiographical elements: like the film's central character Jean Baptiste (played by Stanley Morrell), Micheaux spent several years as a cattle rancher in an otherwise all-white area of South Dakota.
Deceit (sometimes referred to as The Deceit) is a 1923 American silent black-and-white film.
 It is a conventional melodrama directed by Oscar Micheaux.
 Like many of Micheaux's films, "Deceit" casts clerics in a negative light.
 Although the film was shot in 1921, it was not released until 1923.
 It is not known whether the film currently survives, which suggests that it is a lost film.
Oscar Devereaux Micheaux ( ; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an African American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films.
 Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled by black filmmakers, Micheaux is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, a prominent producer of race film, and has been described as "the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the 20th century".
 He produced both silent films and sound films when the industry changed to incorporate speaking actors.
The Czar of Black Hollywood is a 2014 documentary film chronicling the early life and career of African-American filmmaker Oscar Micheaux (1884-1951).
 Bayer L. Mack, writer and record executive of Block Starz Music, conceived of and produced the film about Micheaux using Library of Congress archived footage, photos, illustrations and vintage music.
 The documentary, which is the first devoted exclusively to Oscar Micheaux's life, is narrated by William Bell, features an original score by Nicholas Jones and art direction by Julie Anderson.
Pearl Bowser (born 1931) is an award-winning author, television director, film director, producer, and film archivist.
 She is the author of a book on the first ten years of the career of Oscar Micheaux, an African-American who directed 40 "race pictures" between 1918 and 1940.
 She is thus credited for having helped rediscover some of Oscar Micheaux's rare surviving films.
 She is the founder of "African Diaspora Images", a collection of visual and oral histories that documents the history of African-American filmmaking.
 Part of her journey includes teaching young people film in the 1960s and 1970s.

Question: Question: Between P. J. Castellaneta and Oscar Micheaux, who directed more films? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Midnight Ramble is a 1994 documentary about the early history of Black American movies from the period between 1910 and 1950.
 Known as "race movies", these films, traditionally independent of Hollywood, were made primarily by, for and about the Black Community.
 This documentary is a tribute to a film genre that lasted for more than forty years, produced over 500 movies, and created a foundation for contemporary films from directors such as Spike Lee and Tyler Perry.
 James Avery narrates this exploration of the early black film industry.
 There is a mistaken assumption that 'race films' began largely in reaction to D. W. Griffith's 1915 "The Birth of a Nation".
 Nothing could be further from the truth.
 Race movies actually began around 1910 in Chicago in response to the Black Community longing to see themselves reflected on the silver screen via this new medium of film.
 Wanting to see themselves through their own eyes, on their own terms thus counteracting the Hollywood stereotypes within the American media.
 The film focuses especially on the work of Oscar Micheaux, considered the 'Dean of Black American film,' a controversial filmmaker who wrote, produced, and directed over 40 features, and tackled difficult social issues in Black America.
 It includes clips from films by a number of African-American directors of the period, which is very helpful since many of these films are difficult to find or unavailable.
 There are two versions of the title of the documentary, both referring to the same work.
 Initially released in 1994 as, "Midnight Ramble: Oscar Micheaux & the Story of Race Movies" It was re-released as "Midnight Ramble: The Story of the Black Film Industry" by PBS in 1995 The 1995 version also eliminates the David McCullugh introduction. 

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Paragraph 1 

 The House Behind the Cedars is a 1927 silent race film directed, written, produced and distributed by the noted director Oscar Micheaux.
 It was loosely adapted from the 1900 novel of the same name by the African-American writer Charles W. Chesnutt, who explored issues of race, class and identity in the post-Civil War South.
 No print of the film is known to exist, and it is considered lost.
 Micheaux remade the film in 1932 under the title "Veiled Aristocrats". 

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Paragraph 2 

 Paul Joseph (P. J.) Castellaneta (born 1960) is an American film director, who wrote and directed the films "Together Alone" and "Relax...It's Just Sex". 

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Paragraph 3 

 Uncle Jasper's Will (also released as Jasper Landry's Will) is a 1922 race film directed, produced and written by Oscar Micheaux.
 The film is a drama about the contents of a last will and testament left behind by an African American sharecropper who was lynched after being falsely accused of the murder of a white plantation owner.
 The film was intended as a sequel to Micheaux’s landmark feature "Within Our Gates". 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 The Exile is a 1931 American film by Oscar Micheaux with the co-direction of the Dances and Ensemble by Leonard Harper.
 A drama–romance of the race film genre, it was Micheaux's first feature-length talkie, and the first African American talkie.
 Adapted from Micheaux's first novel, "The Conquest" (1913), it has some autobiographical elements: like the film's central character Jean Baptiste (played by Stanley Morrell), Micheaux spent several years as a cattle rancher in an otherwise all-white area of South Dakota. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Deceit (sometimes referred to as The Deceit) is a 1923 American silent black-and-white film.
 It is a conventional melodrama directed by Oscar Micheaux.
 Like many of Micheaux's films, "Deceit" casts clerics in a negative light.
 Although the film was shot in 1921, it was not released until 1923.
 It is not known whether the film currently survives, which suggests that it is a lost film. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 Oscar Devereaux Micheaux ( ; January 2, 1884 – March 25, 1951) was an African American author, film director and independent producer of more than 44 films.
 Although the short-lived Lincoln Motion Picture Company was the first movie company owned and controlled by black filmmakers, Micheaux is regarded as the first major African-American feature filmmaker, a prominent producer of race film, and has been described as "the most successful African-American filmmaker of the first half of the 20th century".
 He produced both silent films and sound films when the industry changed to incorporate speaking actors. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 The Czar of Black Hollywood is a 2014 documentary film chronicling the early life and career of African-American filmmaker Oscar Micheaux (1884-1951).
 Bayer L. Mack, writer and record executive of Block Starz Music, conceived of and produced the film about Micheaux using Library of Congress archived footage, photos, illustrations and vintage music.
 The documentary, which is the first devoted exclusively to Oscar Micheaux's life, is narrated by William Bell, features an original score by Nicholas Jones and art direction by Julie Anderson. 

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Answer: Micheaux