title: Francis Crick
S. Samar Hasnain
Fraser Stoddart
Joseph Sambrook
Sidney Altman
Caroline Austin
Max Perutz
James Watson
Phil Gilmartin
Susumu Tonegawa
sentences: Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson, work which was based partly on fundamental studies done by Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling and Maurice Wilkins.
 Together with Watson and Maurice Wilkins, he was jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
S. Samar Hasnain FRSC is the Max Perutz professor of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Liverpool.
 He is current editor in chief of IUCr Journals.
 In 1991 he became a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and in 2002 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
 Additionally, in 1997 he became a Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences and in 2011 a Fellow of the Society of Biology.
Sir James Fraser Stoddart (born 24 May 1942) is a Scottish-born chemist who is Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at Northwestern University in the United States.
 He works in the area of supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology.
 Stoddart has developed highly efficient syntheses of mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures such as molecular Borromean rings, catenanes and rotaxanes utilizing molecular recognition and molecular self-assembly processes.
 He has demonstrated that these topologies can be employed as molecular switches.
 His group has even applied these structures in the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
 His efforts have been recognized by numerous awards including the 2007 King Faisal International Prize in Science.
 He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines.
Joseph Frank Sambrook (born 1 March 1939 in Liverpool, England) is a British molecular biologist known for his studies of DNA oncoviruses and the molecular biology of normal and cancerous cells.
 He resides in Melbourne, Australia with his wife and daughter.
Sidney Altman (born May 7, 1939) is a Canadian and American molecular biologist, who is the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University.
 In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas R. Cech for their work on the catalytic properties of RNA.
Caroline A. Austin is a British molecular biologist.
 She is a Professor of Molecular Biology at the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences at Newcastle University Medical School.
 Professor Austin's published research is focused on human DNA topoisomerase II and therapy-related leukemia.
 She serves as the Treasurer for the British Society for Cell Biology.
Max Ferdinand Perutz (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin.
 He went on to win the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1971 and the Copley Medal in 1979.
 At Cambridge he founded and chaired (1962–79) The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, fourteen of whose scientists have won Nobel Prizes.
 Perutz's contributions to molecular biology in Cambridge are documented in "The History of the University of Cambridge: Volume 4 (1870 to 1990)" published by the Cambridge University Press in 1992.
James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin.
 Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
Phil Gilmartin, {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} is a British molecular biologist and botanist, who specialises in plant genetics.
 Since 2011, he has been Professor of Plant Molecular Genetics and Executive Dean of the Faculty of Science at the University of East Anglia (UEA).
 He had previously been Director of the Centre for Plant Sciences (1998–2004) and Pro-Dean for Research in the Faculty of Biological Sciences (2004–2007) at the University of Leeds, and Principal of St Mary's College, Durham (2008–2011).
Susumu Tonegawa (利根川 進 "Tonegawa Susumu", born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987, for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity.
 Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training and he again changed fields following his Nobel Prize win; he now studies neuroscience, examining the molecular, cellular and neuronal basis of memory formation and retrieval.

Question: Question: What is the name of this Austrian-born British molecular biologist and recipient of the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry after whom S. Samar Hasnain's professorship is named? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Francis Harry Compton Crick (8 June 1916 – 28 July 2004) was a British molecular biologist, biophysicist, and neuroscientist, most noted for being a co-discoverer of the structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 with James Watson, work which was based partly on fundamental studies done by Rosalind Franklin, Raymond Gosling and Maurice Wilkins.
 Together with Watson and Maurice Wilkins, he was jointly awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". 

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Paragraph 1 

 S. Samar Hasnain FRSC is the Max Perutz professor of Molecular Biophysics at the University of Liverpool.
 He is current editor in chief of IUCr Journals.
 In 1991 he became a Fellow of the Institute of Physics and in 2002 he became a Fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry.
 Additionally, in 1997 he became a Fellow of the Third World Academy of Sciences and in 2011 a Fellow of the Society of Biology. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Sir James Fraser Stoddart (born 24 May 1942) is a Scottish-born chemist who is Board of Trustees Professor of Chemistry and head of the Stoddart Mechanostereochemistry Group in the Department of Chemistry at Northwestern University in the United States.
 He works in the area of supramolecular chemistry and nanotechnology.
 Stoddart has developed highly efficient syntheses of mechanically-interlocked molecular architectures such as molecular Borromean rings, catenanes and rotaxanes utilizing molecular recognition and molecular self-assembly processes.
 He has demonstrated that these topologies can be employed as molecular switches.
 His group has even applied these structures in the fabrication of nanoelectronic devices and nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS).
 His efforts have been recognized by numerous awards including the 2007 King Faisal International Prize in Science.
 He shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry together with Ben Feringa and Jean-Pierre Sauvage in 2016 for the design and synthesis of molecular machines. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 Sidney Altman (born May 7, 1939) is a Canadian and American molecular biologist, who is the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University.
 In 1989 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Thomas R. Cech for their work on the catalytic properties of RNA. 

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Paragraph 4 

 Caroline A. Austin is a British molecular biologist.
 She is a Professor of Molecular Biology at the Institute for Cell and Molecular Biosciences at Newcastle University Medical School.
 Professor Austin's published research is focused on human DNA topoisomerase II and therapy-related leukemia.
 She serves as the Treasurer for the British Society for Cell Biology. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Max Ferdinand Perutz (19 May 1914 – 6 February 2002) was an Austrian-born British molecular biologist, who shared the 1962 Nobel Prize for Chemistry with John Kendrew, for their studies of the structures of haemoglobin and myoglobin.
 He went on to win the Royal Medal of the Royal Society in 1971 and the Copley Medal in 1979.
 At Cambridge he founded and chaired (1962–79) The Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, fourteen of whose scientists have won Nobel Prizes.
 Perutz's contributions to molecular biology in Cambridge are documented in "The History of the University of Cambridge: Volume 4 (1870 to 1990)" published by the Cambridge University Press in 1992. 

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Paragraph 6 

 James Dewey Watson (born April 6, 1928) is an American molecular biologist, geneticist and zoologist, best known as one of the co-discoverers of the structure of DNA in 1953 with Francis Crick and Rosalind Franklin.
 Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the 1962 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material". 

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Paragraph 7 

 Susumu Tonegawa (利根川 進 "Tonegawa Susumu", born September 6, 1939) is a Japanese scientist who was the sole recipient of the Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine in 1987, for his discovery of the genetic mechanism that produces antibody diversity.
 Although he won the Nobel Prize for his work in immunology, Tonegawa is a molecular biologist by training and he again changed fields following his Nobel Prize win; he now studies neuroscience, examining the molecular, cellular and neuronal basis of memory formation and retrieval. 

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Answer: Max Perutz