title: Ralph of Longchamp
Richard Helsham
Robert Hooke
Camilla Erculiani
Boyle Lectures
Gargi Vachaknavi
William Gilbert (astronomer)
Sébastien Basson
Hymenophore
William Derham
sentences: Ralph of Longchamp (c. 1155 – c. 1215) was a scholastic philosopher of the 13th century, known also as a physician and natural philosopher.
 He taught at Oxford and possibly at Paris.
Richard Helsham (1683–1738) was an Irish physician and natural philosopher at Trinity College, Dublin.
 He was the inaugural Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy from 1724 and Regius Professor of Physic from 1733.
Robert Hooke FRS ( ; 28 July [O.S. 18 July] 1635  – 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath.
Camilla Erculiani (died post-1584) was an Italian apothecary, writer, natural philosopher and women's advocate during the early modern period.
 This "self-described pharmacist" published a book, in the form of letter-essays, about her views on topics of science and natural philosophy.
 Erculiani's "Lettre di philosophia naturale" or "Letters on Natural Philosophy" was published in 1584.
 Due to some of the unconventional theories presented in her work, she was put on trial by the Roman Inquisition on charges of suspected heresy- for the "blurring of boundaries between natural philosophy and theology."
 Although the trial records are lost, it is speculated that Erculiani was likely pardoned.
The Boyle Lectures were named after Robert Boyle, son of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, and a prominent natural philosopher of the 17th century.
 Under the terms of his will Boyle endowed a series of lectures or sermons (originally eight each year) which were to serve as a public forum in which to consider the relationship between Christianity and the new natural philosophy (what we today term 'science') then emerging in European society.
Gargi Vachaknavi (born about c. 700 BCE) was an ancient Indian philosopher.
 In Vedic Literature, she is honored as a great natural philosopher, renowned expounder of the Vedas, and known as Brahmavadini, a person with knowledge of Brahma Vidya.
 In the Sixth and the eighth Brahmana of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, her name is prominent as she participates in the "brahmayajna", a philosophic debate organized by King Janaka of Videha and challenges the sage Yajnavalkya with perplexing questions on the issue of "atman" (soul).
 She is also said to have written many hymns in the Rigveda.
 She remained a celibate all her life and was held in veneration by the conventional Hindus.
William Gilbert ( ; 24 May 1544 – 30 November 1603), also known as Gilberd, was an English physician, physicist and natural philosopher.
 He passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching.
 He is remembered today largely for his book "De Magnete" (1600), and is credited as one of the originators of the term "electricity".
 He is regarded by some as the father of electrical engineering or electricity and magnetism.
Sébastien Basson, Latinized as Sebastianus Basso, was a French physician and natural philosopher of the beginning of the seventeenth century.
 He was an early theorist of a matter theory based on both atoms and compounds.
 His natural philosophy draws on several currents of thought, including Italian Renaissance naturalism, alchemy and Calvinist theology.
 Basson was an atomist, who, independently from Isaac Beeckman, formed the concept of "molecule".
A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungal fruiting body.
 Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae, folds, tubes, or teeth.
 The term was coined by Robert Hooke in 1665.
William Derham FRS (26 November 1657 – 5 April 1735) was an English clergyman, natural theologian and natural philosopher.
 He produced the earliest, reasonably accurate estimate of the speed of sound.

Question: Question: Who is a natural philosopher who coined the term hymenophore? 

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Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Ralph of Longchamp (c. 1155 – c. 1215) was a scholastic philosopher of the 13th century, known also as a physician and natural philosopher.
 He taught at Oxford and possibly at Paris. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Richard Helsham (1683–1738) was an Irish physician and natural philosopher at Trinity College, Dublin.
 He was the inaugural Erasmus Smith's Professor of Natural and Experimental Philosophy from 1724 and Regius Professor of Physic from 1733. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Robert Hooke FRS ( ; 28 July [O.S. 18 July] 1635  – 3 March 1703) was an English natural philosopher, architect and polymath. 

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 The Boyle Lectures were named after Robert Boyle, son of Richard Boyle, 1st Earl of Cork, and a prominent natural philosopher of the 17th century.
 Under the terms of his will Boyle endowed a series of lectures or sermons (originally eight each year) which were to serve as a public forum in which to consider the relationship between Christianity and the new natural philosophy (what we today term 'science') then emerging in European society. 

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Paragraph 4 

 Gargi Vachaknavi (born about c. 700 BCE) was an ancient Indian philosopher.
 In Vedic Literature, she is honored as a great natural philosopher, renowned expounder of the Vedas, and known as Brahmavadini, a person with knowledge of Brahma Vidya.
 In the Sixth and the eighth Brahmana of Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, her name is prominent as she participates in the "brahmayajna", a philosophic debate organized by King Janaka of Videha and challenges the sage Yajnavalkya with perplexing questions on the issue of "atman" (soul).
 She is also said to have written many hymns in the Rigveda.
 She remained a celibate all her life and was held in veneration by the conventional Hindus. 

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Paragraph 5 

 Sébastien Basson, Latinized as Sebastianus Basso, was a French physician and natural philosopher of the beginning of the seventeenth century.
 He was an early theorist of a matter theory based on both atoms and compounds.
 His natural philosophy draws on several currents of thought, including Italian Renaissance naturalism, alchemy and Calvinist theology.
 Basson was an atomist, who, independently from Isaac Beeckman, formed the concept of "molecule". 

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Paragraph 6 

 A hymenophore refers to the hymenium-bearing structure of a fungal fruiting body.
 Hymenophores can be smooth surfaces, lamellae, folds, tubes, or teeth.
 The term was coined by Robert Hooke in 1665. 

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Paragraph 7 

 William Derham FRS (26 November 1657 – 5 April 1735) was an English clergyman, natural theologian and natural philosopher.
 He produced the earliest, reasonably accurate estimate of the speed of sound. 

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Answer: Robert Hooke