title: Edwin James (scientist)
Tina Allen
Sedgwick Monument (West Point)
Paul H. Allen
Guy N. Collins
George Washington Carver
Abel A. Hunter
Ruth F. Allen
Sara Plummer Lemmon
Jane Colden
sentences: Edwin P. James (27 August 1797 – 28 October 1861) was a 19th-century American botanist, geographer and geologist who explored the American West.
 James completed the first recorded ascent of Pikes Peak.
 In addition to his explorations, James was also known for his time spent aiding in creating relationships with the Native Americans as well as helping African Americans to escape slavery.
 James was primarily known for his work serving as a botanist and geologist during Thomas Say's expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains and was in charge of charting and taking note of the new discoveries on the journey.
 His work on the expedition was similar to that of Alexander Von Humboldt's.
Tina Allen (December 9, 1949 – September 9, 2008) was an American sculptor known for her monuments to prominent African Americans, including Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and George Washington Carver.
Sedgwick Monument is a memorial to Union General John Sedgwick at West Point.
 "Uncle John" Sedgwick was born in Cornwall, Connecticut, 67 miles northeast of West Point, New York.
 Sculpted by Launt Thompson and dedicated in 1868, the monument was erected by officers and soldiers of the 6th Army Corps to commemorate Major General Sedgwick and his death at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House in 1864.
 Originally, the monument was located on the northwest edge of the Plain, it was later relocated to its current location at Trophy Point across Washington Road from Battle Monument.
 Legend holds that if a cadet is deficient in academics, the cadet should go to the monument at midnight the night before the term-end examination, in full dress, under arms, and spin the rowels on the monument’s spurs.
 With the resulting good luck, the cadet will pass the test.
Paul Hamilton Allen (1911–1963) was an American botanist noted for his work on the ecology of Central America, orchid systematics and economically important species including bananas.
 He was married to the former Dorothy Osdieck of Kirkwood, Missouri.
Guy N. Collins (August 19, 1872 – August 14, 1938) was an American botanist, plant explorer, and geneticist.
 He studied in Liberia and Puerto Rico with Orator Fuller Cook, and later became Principal Botanist in the USDA Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases.
 Collins was born in the hamlet of Mertensia, New York on August 19, 1872, and attended Syracuse University before dropping out to pursue botanical studies with Cook.
 He was close friends with David Fairchild.
 He died on August 14, 1938, from endocarditis, an infection of the heart.
 His nephew Harold Loomis was also a botanist who worked with Cook.
George Washington Carver (1860s – January 5, 1943), was an American botanist and inventor.
 The exact day and year of his birth are unknown; he was born into slavery in Missouri, either in 1861, or January 1864.
Abel Aken Hunter (September 18, 1877 – April 6, 1935) was an American botanist notable for his contributions to science primarily in the collection of the orchids of Panama.
 From 1915-1935, he was a team member on scientifically significant orchid hunting expeditions with many of the collectors and researchers of the day: Charles Powell, George Pring, Carroll Dodge, Julian Steyermark, and Paul Allen.
 He earned his reputation in field work as an outgrowth of his friendship with Charles Powell.
 In a unique period in Panama's history, his first orchid collecting adventure took place with Powell during a fishing trip on the newly man-created Gatun Lake in 1912.
 By 1915, both Hunter and Powell were living and working in Balboa, Panama.
 As a hobby, Powell started an orchid garden.
 Beginning in 1918, the two men would spend leave periods from their employment on extended collecting expeditions: their mission morphing over the years from that of hobby collecting to systematic scientific collecting.
 In 1919, Powell submitted their findings for identification to German botanist Rudolf Schlechter who published, in 1922, "Orchidaceae Powellianae Panamenses", a 95-page study of Powell's Panama orchids—Schlechter naming five of the new to science species to honor Hunter.
Ruth Florence Allen (1879–1963) was an American botanist and plant pathologist and the first woman to earn her Ph.D. in Botany from the University of Wisconsin.
 Her doctorate research focused on the reproduction and cell biology of ferns, particularly the phenomenon of apogamy (formation of an embryo without fertilization) (Allen, 1914).
 Later in her career, Dr. Allen shifted her focus to plant pathology.
 Her major contribution to the field of mycology was furthering the understanding of rust fungi, a group of economically important plant pathogens.
 Dr. Allen completed many studies on "Puccinia graminis", once considered a catastrophically damaging disease-causing agent in cereal crops before the discovery of current management measures (Schumann and Leonard, 2000).
Sara Allen Plummer Lemmon (September 3, 1836 – January 15, 1923) was an American botanist.
 Mount Lemmon in Arizona is named for her for being the first white woman to ascend it.
 She was responsible for the designation of the golden poppy ("Eschscholzia californica") as the state flower of California in 1903.
 A number of plants are also named in her honor, including the new genus "Plummera" (now placed in "Hymenoxys"), described by Harvard University botanist Asa Gray in 1882.
 "Plummera" was redefined as a subgenus of "Hymenoxys" in 1994.
Jane Colden (March 27, 1724 – March 10, 1766) was an American botanist, described as the "first botanist of her sex in her country" by Asa Gray in 1843.
 Although not acknowledged in botanical publications, she wrote a number of letters resulting in botanist John Ellis writing to Carl Linnaeus of her work applying the Linnaean system of plant identification to American flora, "she deserves to be celebrated".
 Contemporary scholarship maintains that she was the first female botanist working in America.
 She was regarded as a respected botanist by many prominent botanists such as: John Bartram, Peter Collinson, Alexander Garden, and Carl Linnaeus.
 Colden is most famous for her manuscript which remains titleless, in which she describes the flora of the New York area, and draws ink drawings of 340 different species of them.

Question: Question: Which American botanist and inventor, born into slavery in Missouri, was sculpted into a monument by Tina Allen? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Edwin P. James (27 August 1797 – 28 October 1861) was a 19th-century American botanist, geographer and geologist who explored the American West.
 James completed the first recorded ascent of Pikes Peak.
 In addition to his explorations, James was also known for his time spent aiding in creating relationships with the Native Americans as well as helping African Americans to escape slavery.
 James was primarily known for his work serving as a botanist and geologist during Thomas Say's expedition from Pittsburgh to the Rocky Mountains and was in charge of charting and taking note of the new discoveries on the journey.
 His work on the expedition was similar to that of Alexander Von Humboldt's.
 

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Paragraph 1 

 Tina Allen (December 9, 1949 – September 9, 2008) was an American sculptor known for her monuments to prominent African Americans, including Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, and George Washington Carver. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Paul Hamilton Allen (1911–1963) was an American botanist noted for his work on the ecology of Central America, orchid systematics and economically important species including bananas.
 He was married to the former Dorothy Osdieck of Kirkwood, Missouri. 

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Paragraph 3 

 Guy N. Collins (August 19, 1872 – August 14, 1938) was an American botanist, plant explorer, and geneticist.
 He studied in Liberia and Puerto Rico with Orator Fuller Cook, and later became Principal Botanist in the USDA Division of Cereal Crops and Diseases.
 Collins was born in the hamlet of Mertensia, New York on August 19, 1872, and attended Syracuse University before dropping out to pursue botanical studies with Cook.
 He was close friends with David Fairchild.
 He died on August 14, 1938, from endocarditis, an infection of the heart.
 His nephew Harold Loomis was also a botanist who worked with Cook. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 George Washington Carver (1860s – January 5, 1943), was an American botanist and inventor.
 The exact day and year of his birth are unknown; he was born into slavery in Missouri, either in 1861, or January 1864. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Abel Aken Hunter (September 18, 1877 – April 6, 1935) was an American botanist notable for his contributions to science primarily in the collection of the orchids of Panama.
 From 1915-1935, he was a team member on scientifically significant orchid hunting expeditions with many of the collectors and researchers of the day: Charles Powell, George Pring, Carroll Dodge, Julian Steyermark, and Paul Allen.
 He earned his reputation in field work as an outgrowth of his friendship with Charles Powell.
 In a unique period in Panama's history, his first orchid collecting adventure took place with Powell during a fishing trip on the newly man-created Gatun Lake in 1912.
 By 1915, both Hunter and Powell were living and working in Balboa, Panama.
 As a hobby, Powell started an orchid garden.
 Beginning in 1918, the two men would spend leave periods from their employment on extended collecting expeditions: their mission morphing over the years from that of hobby collecting to systematic scientific collecting.
 In 1919, Powell submitted their findings for identification to German botanist Rudolf Schlechter who published, in 1922, "Orchidaceae Powellianae Panamenses", a 95-page study of Powell's Panama orchids—Schlechter naming five of the new to science species to honor Hunter. 

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Paragraph 6 

 Ruth Florence Allen (1879–1963) was an American botanist and plant pathologist and the first woman to earn her Ph.D. in Botany from the University of Wisconsin.
 Her doctorate research focused on the reproduction and cell biology of ferns, particularly the phenomenon of apogamy (formation of an embryo without fertilization) (Allen, 1914).
 Later in her career, Dr. Allen shifted her focus to plant pathology.
 Her major contribution to the field of mycology was furthering the understanding of rust fungi, a group of economically important plant pathogens.
 Dr. Allen completed many studies on "Puccinia graminis", once considered a catastrophically damaging disease-causing agent in cereal crops before the discovery of current management measures (Schumann and Leonard, 2000). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Sara Allen Plummer Lemmon (September 3, 1836 – January 15, 1923) was an American botanist.
 Mount Lemmon in Arizona is named for her for being the first white woman to ascend it.
 She was responsible for the designation of the golden poppy ("Eschscholzia californica") as the state flower of California in 1903.
 A number of plants are also named in her honor, including the new genus "Plummera" (now placed in "Hymenoxys"), described by Harvard University botanist Asa Gray in 1882.
 "Plummera" was redefined as a subgenus of "Hymenoxys" in 1994. 

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Answer: George Washington Carver