title: National Institute of Standards and Technology
National Software Reference Library
James E. Faller
Independent Testing Authority
WWVH
Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science
National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
National Physical Laboratory of India
Measurement microphone calibration
Katharine Blodgett Gebbie
sentences: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a measurement standards laboratory, and a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce.
 Its mission is to promote innovation and industrial competitiveness.
The National Software Reference Library (NSRL), is a project of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which maintains a repository of known software, file profiles and file signatures for use by law enforcement and other organizations involved with computer forensic investigations.
 The project is supported by the United States Department of Justice's National Institute of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Defense Computer Forensics Laboratory (DCFL), the U.S. Customs Service, software vendors, and state and local law enforcement.
 It also provides a research environment for computational analysis of large sets of files.
Dr. James E. Faller is an American physicist and inventor who specializes in the field of Gravity.
 He conceived the Lunar Laser Ranging Program, that shoots high powered laser beams at special retroreflectors placed on the Moon by Apollo program Astronauts.
 He invented a Gravity Motion Sensor, called the Absolute Gravimeter that is so sensitive to mass, that it can detect a person walking around it, by his mass.
 His work has been featured in many books and magazines like National Geographic.
 In 2001 his Gravity Detector device was featured on the Science Channel on Head Rush and was used to debunk Anti-gravity devices that were for sale on the market.
 All devices they tested did not produce Gravity or Anti-Gravity.
 His research interests include geophysics, experimental relativity, fundamental constants, and precision measurement experiments designed to look for possible invalidations of accepted physical laws at some extreme of magnitude.
 He is currently working on a new measurement of "G", the Newtonian constant of gravitation.
 He currently works for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST).
An Independent Testing Authority (ITA) is a laboratory certified by the United States-based National Association of State Election Directors (NASED) to test voting systems to the Voting System Standards (VSS) or the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) in the process of certifying voting systems.
 The Election Assistance Commission has taken over the responsibility for accrediting such laboratories and now uses the National Institute of Standards and Technology's National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program.
 Under the EAC process, ITA's are now known as Voting System Testing Laboratories (VSTLs).
WWVH is the callsign of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology's shortwave radio time signal station in Kekaha, on the island of Kauai in the state of Hawaii.
The Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science (KRISS) is the national measurement standards laboratory for the Republic of Korea.
 It is a government-funded institute responsible for providing national measurement standards and advancing measurement technologies.
 KRISS is also an active member of the General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM).
The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the national measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington, London, England.
 It is the largest applied physics organisation in the UK.
The National Physical Laboratory of India, situated in New Delhi, is the measurement standards laboratory of India.
 It maintains standards of SI units in India and calibrates the national standards of weights and measures.
In order to take a scientific measurement with a microphone, its precise sensitivity must be known (in volts per pascal).
 Since this may change over the lifetime of the device, it is necessary to regularly calibrate measurement microphones.
 This service is offered by some microphone manufacturers and by independent testing laboratories.
 Microphone calibration by certified laboratories should ultimately be traceable to primary standards a (National) Measurement Institute that is a signatory to International Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation.
 These could include the National Physical Laboratory in the UK, PTB in Germany, NIST in the USA and the National Measurement Institute, Australia, where the reciprocity calibration (see below) is the internationally recognised means of realising the primary standard.
 Laboratory standard microphones calibrated using this method are used in-turn to calibrate other microphones using comparison calibration techniques (‘secondary calibration’), referencing the output of the ‘test’ microphone against that of the reference laboratory standard microphone.
Katharine Blodgett Gebbie (July 4, 1932 – August 17, 2016) was an American astrophysicist and civil servant.
 She was the founding Director of the Physical Measurement Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and of its two immediate predecessors, the Physics Laboratory and the Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, both for which she was the only Director.
 During her 22 years of management of these institutions, four of its scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
 In 2015, the NIST Katharine Blodgett Gebbie Laboratory Building in Boulder, Colorado was named in her honor.

Question: Question: A measurement standards laboratory called the National Institute of Standards and Technology is located on what island in the state of Hawaii? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is a measurement standards laboratory, and a non-regulatory agency of the United States Department of Commerce.
 Its mission is to promote innovation and industrial competitiveness. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 The National Software Reference Library (NSRL), is a project of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) which maintains a repository of known software, file profiles and file signatures for use by law enforcement and other organizations involved with computer forensic investigations.
 The project is supported by the United States Department of Justice's National Institute of Justice, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Defense Computer Forensics Laboratory (DCFL), the U.S. Customs Service, software vendors, and state and local law enforcement.
 It also provides a research environment for computational analysis of large sets of files. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Dr. James E. Faller is an American physicist and inventor who specializes in the field of Gravity.
 He conceived the Lunar Laser Ranging Program, that shoots high powered laser beams at special retroreflectors placed on the Moon by Apollo program Astronauts.
 He invented a Gravity Motion Sensor, called the Absolute Gravimeter that is so sensitive to mass, that it can detect a person walking around it, by his mass.
 His work has been featured in many books and magazines like National Geographic.
 In 2001 his Gravity Detector device was featured on the Science Channel on Head Rush and was used to debunk Anti-gravity devices that were for sale on the market.
 All devices they tested did not produce Gravity or Anti-Gravity.
 His research interests include geophysics, experimental relativity, fundamental constants, and precision measurement experiments designed to look for possible invalidations of accepted physical laws at some extreme of magnitude.
 He is currently working on a new measurement of "G", the Newtonian constant of gravitation.
 He currently works for the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). 

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Paragraph 3 

 An Independent Testing Authority (ITA) is a laboratory certified by the United States-based National Association of State Election Directors (NASED) to test voting systems to the Voting System Standards (VSS) or the Voluntary Voting System Guidelines (VVSG) in the process of certifying voting systems.
 The Election Assistance Commission has taken over the responsibility for accrediting such laboratories and now uses the National Institute of Standards and Technology's National Voluntary Laboratory Accreditation Program.
 Under the EAC process, ITA's are now known as Voting System Testing Laboratories (VSTLs). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 WWVH is the callsign of the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology's shortwave radio time signal station in Kekaha, on the island of Kauai in the state of Hawaii. 

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Paragraph 5 

 The National Physical Laboratory (NPL) is the national measurement standards laboratory for the United Kingdom, based at Bushy Park in Teddington, London, England.
 It is the largest applied physics organisation in the UK. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 The National Physical Laboratory of India, situated in New Delhi, is the measurement standards laboratory of India.
 It maintains standards of SI units in India and calibrates the national standards of weights and measures. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Katharine Blodgett Gebbie (July 4, 1932 – August 17, 2016) was an American astrophysicist and civil servant.
 She was the founding Director of the Physical Measurement Laboratory of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and of its two immediate predecessors, the Physics Laboratory and the Center for Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, both for which she was the only Director.
 During her 22 years of management of these institutions, four of its scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics.
 In 2015, the NIST Katharine Blodgett Gebbie Laboratory Building in Boulder, Colorado was named in her honor. 

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Answer: Kauai