title: Rebekah Harkness
Stephen V. Harkness
Standard Oil of Iowa
John D. Rockefeller
Charles W. Harkness
Golden gimmick
John Dustin Archbold
Rockefeller, Andrews &amp; Flagler
Harkness Ballet
Lamon V. Harkness
sentences: Rebekah West Harkness (April 17, 1915June 17, 1982) also known as Betty Harkness, was an American composer, sculptor, dance patron, and philanthropist who founded the Harkness Ballet.
 Her marriage to William Hale "Bill" Harkness, an attorney and heir to the Standard Oil fortune of William L. Harkness, made her one of the wealthiest women in America.
Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (November 18, 1818 – March 6, 1888) was an American businessman from Cleveland, Ohio, who invested as a silent partner with oil titan John D. Rockefeller, Sr. in the founding of Standard Oil.
 He was a director of Standard Oil until his death.
Standard Oil Company of Iowa was created in 1885 as a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Trust to handle marketing along the Pacific Coast states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, California, and Arizona.
 Though named for the midwestern state, it never included Iowa as one of its primary marketing areas.
 A prior company named Standard Oil of California had been formed in 1877, and was not associated with the Standard Oil Trust.
 In 1906, Standard Oil of Iowa was dissolved and its assets handed over to a new Standard Oil of California, later Chevron Oil Company, and now the Chevron Corporation.
 Standard Oil Company of Iowa is thus the original company that is now Chevron.
John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate and philanthropist.
 Widely considered the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history, Rockefeller was born into a large family in upstate New York and was shaped by his con man father and religious mother.
 His family moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio.
Charles William Harkness (December 17, 1860 – May 1, 1916) was a son of Stephen V. Harkness, an original investor in the company that became Standard Oil, and his second wife, the former Anna M. Richardson.
The Golden Gimmick refers to a foreign tax credit deal enacted in November 1950 by the US Government under president Harry Truman between King Ibn Saud of Saudi Arabia and the Arabian-American Oil Company (ARAMCO), a consortium comprising Standard Oil of California (Chevron), Standard Oil of New Jersey (Exxon), Standard Oil of New York (Mobil) and Texaco.
 King Ibn Saud was being influenced by Juan Pablo Pérez Alfonso of Venezuela who cut a similar 50/50 deal with New Jersey Standard Oil and Royal Dutch Shell.
 This 50/50 deal accorded the American oil companies a tax break equivalent to 50% of their profits on oil sales, with the other 50% to be diverted to King Ibn Saud via the US Treasury.
 The King agreed to this 50/50 splitting of Aramco's oil profits instead of nationalizing Aramco's oil facilities on Saudi soil.
 Venezuela eventually led the effort in forming OPEC and Saudi Arabia gained full control of Aramco by 1980.
John Dustin Archbold (July 26, 1848 in Leesburg, Ohio – December 6, 1916 in Tarrytown, New York) was an American capitalist and one of the United States' earliest oil refiners.
 His small oil company was bought out by John D Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company.
 Archbold rose rapidly at Standard Oil, handling many of the complex secret negotiations over the years.
 By 1882 he was Rockefeller's closest associate, and typically acted as the company's primary spokesman.
 Rockefeller after 1896 left business matters to Archbold while he pursued his philanthropy; as vice president Archbold effectively ran Standard Oil until his death in 1916.
 Inspired by Rockefeller's policies, Archbold's main goals were stabilization, efficiency, and minimizing waste in refining and distributing petroleum products.
 The company was broken up by the Supreme Court in 1911 into three dozen smaller operations, Archbold became president of the largest one, Standard Oil of New Jersey.
Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler was a business concern formed in 1867 in Cleveland, Ohio which was a predecessor of the Standard Oil Company.
 The principals and namesakes were John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, Samuel Andrews, and Henry M. Flagler.
 Flagler’s step-brother Stephen V. Harkness made substantial investments, but was a silent partner and did not take an active role in running the business but he was actually the second largest stockholder next to JD Rockefeller.
The Harkness Ballet (1964–1975) was a New York ballet company named after its founder Rebekah Harkness.
 Ms. Harkness inherited her husband's fortune in Standard Oil holdings and was a dance lover.
 Ms. Harkness funded Joffrey Ballet, but when they refused to rename the company in her honour, she withdrew funding and hired most of the Joffery dancers for her new company.
 Joffery Ballet later moved to Chicago, and continues to function.
 Harkness Ballet, established in 1964, gave its debut performance in Cannes in 1965, with George Skibine as director, Marjorie Tallchief as ballerina and a repertory featuring work by Alvin Ailey, Skibine, Eric Bruhn, Brian Macdonald and Stuart Hodes, the company mostly toured abroad, in the major theaters of Europe, to great acclaim, giving its dancers and choreographers a cosmopolitan experience unknown to most of their American colleagues.
 Its New York debut was in 1967 and Macdonald was also appointed director, succeeded by Lawrence Rhodes (1968) and joined by Benjamin Harkarvy in 1969.
 The ballet teacher David Howard was recruited in 1966 and became co-director of the school in 1971 with Maria Vegh, who had begun teaching at the school in 1968.
 In 1970, Harkness combined it with the Harkness Youth Ballet (founded 1969), directed by Ben Stevenson, succeeded by Vicente Nebrada.
Lamon Vanderburgh Harkness (January 6, 1850 – January 17, 1915) was an American businessman and one of the largest stockholders in Standard Oil .
 Lamon V. Harkness became involved with Standard Oil through his father Stephen V. Harkness who was a primary silent investor in the formation of Standard Oil.

Question: Question: Stephen V. Harkness was a businessman who was a silent partner in Standard Oil, helping which business magnate? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Rebekah West Harkness (April 17, 1915June 17, 1982) also known as Betty Harkness, was an American composer, sculptor, dance patron, and philanthropist who founded the Harkness Ballet.
 Her marriage to William Hale "Bill" Harkness, an attorney and heir to the Standard Oil fortune of William L. Harkness, made her one of the wealthiest women in America. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Stephen Vanderburgh Harkness (November 18, 1818 – March 6, 1888) was an American businessman from Cleveland, Ohio, who invested as a silent partner with oil titan John D. Rockefeller, Sr. in the founding of Standard Oil.
 He was a director of Standard Oil until his death. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Standard Oil Company of Iowa was created in 1885 as a subsidiary of the Standard Oil Trust to handle marketing along the Pacific Coast states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington, California, and Arizona.
 Though named for the midwestern state, it never included Iowa as one of its primary marketing areas.
 A prior company named Standard Oil of California had been formed in 1877, and was not associated with the Standard Oil Trust.
 In 1906, Standard Oil of Iowa was dissolved and its assets handed over to a new Standard Oil of California, later Chevron Oil Company, and now the Chevron Corporation.
 Standard Oil Company of Iowa is thus the original company that is now Chevron. 

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Paragraph 3 

 John Davison Rockefeller Sr. (July 8, 1839 – May 23, 1937) was an American oil industry business magnate and philanthropist.
 Widely considered the wealthiest American of all time and the richest person in modern history, Rockefeller was born into a large family in upstate New York and was shaped by his con man father and religious mother.
 His family moved several times before eventually settling in Cleveland, Ohio. 

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Paragraph 4 

 Charles William Harkness (December 17, 1860 – May 1, 1916) was a son of Stephen V. Harkness, an original investor in the company that became Standard Oil, and his second wife, the former Anna M. Richardson. 

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Paragraph 5 

 Rockefeller, Andrews & Flagler was a business concern formed in 1867 in Cleveland, Ohio which was a predecessor of the Standard Oil Company.
 The principals and namesakes were John D. Rockefeller, William Rockefeller, Samuel Andrews, and Henry M. Flagler.
 Flagler’s step-brother Stephen V. Harkness made substantial investments, but was a silent partner and did not take an active role in running the business but he was actually the second largest stockholder next to JD Rockefeller. 

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Paragraph 6 

 The Harkness Ballet (1964–1975) was a New York ballet company named after its founder Rebekah Harkness.
 Ms. Harkness inherited her husband's fortune in Standard Oil holdings and was a dance lover.
 Ms. Harkness funded Joffrey Ballet, but when they refused to rename the company in her honour, she withdrew funding and hired most of the Joffery dancers for her new company.
 Joffery Ballet later moved to Chicago, and continues to function.
 Harkness Ballet, established in 1964, gave its debut performance in Cannes in 1965, with George Skibine as director, Marjorie Tallchief as ballerina and a repertory featuring work by Alvin Ailey, Skibine, Eric Bruhn, Brian Macdonald and Stuart Hodes, the company mostly toured abroad, in the major theaters of Europe, to great acclaim, giving its dancers and choreographers a cosmopolitan experience unknown to most of their American colleagues.
 Its New York debut was in 1967 and Macdonald was also appointed director, succeeded by Lawrence Rhodes (1968) and joined by Benjamin Harkarvy in 1969.
 The ballet teacher David Howard was recruited in 1966 and became co-director of the school in 1971 with Maria Vegh, who had begun teaching at the school in 1968.
 In 1970, Harkness combined it with the Harkness Youth Ballet (founded 1969), directed by Ben Stevenson, succeeded by Vicente Nebrada. 

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Paragraph 7 

 Lamon Vanderburgh Harkness (January 6, 1850 – January 17, 1915) was an American businessman and one of the largest stockholders in Standard Oil .
 Lamon V. Harkness became involved with Standard Oil through his father Stephen V. Harkness who was a primary silent investor in the formation of Standard Oil. 

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Answer: John Davison Rockefeller Sr.