title: Rafael Irizarry (scientist)
Eric Winer
David M. Livingston
John Quackenbush
The Jimmy Fund
Dana–Farber Cancer Institute
Kenneth C. Anderson (physician)
Caroline Kaufer
Todd Golub
Merkel cell polyomavirus
sentences: Rafael Irizarry is a professor of biostatistics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and professor of biostatistics and computational biology at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute.
 Irizarry is known as one of the founders of the Bioconductor project.
Eric P. Winer, MD (born 1956), is chief of the Division of Women's Cancers and director of the Breast Oncology Program in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts.
 He also serves as the Institute's chief strategy officer.
 He is the Thompson Senior Investigator in Breast Cancer Research and a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
 Winer is a medical oncologist and clinical researcher specializing in breast cancer.
 He has focused his career on treating patients with breast cancer and advancing understanding of the disease.
 He is committed to delivering the best care to his patients today while striving to improve the methods of care for the future.
David M. Livingston is the Deputy Director of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Emil Frei Professor of Genetics and Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Chairman of the Executive Committee for Research at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
 Dr. Livingston joined the Harvard faculty in 1973.
 His research focuses on breast and ovarian cancer.
John Quackenbush (born January 4, 1962) is an American computational biologist and genome scientist.
 He is a professor of biostatistics and computational biology and a professor of cancer biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), as well as the director of its Center for Cancer Computational Biology (CCCB).
 Quackenbush also holds an appointment as a professor of computational biology and bioinformatics in the Department of Biostatistics at the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH).
The Jimmy Fund was founded in 1948 and raises money solely to support adult and pediatric cancer care and research at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts.
Dana–Farber Cancer Institute is a comprehensive cancer treatment and research center in Boston, Massachusetts.
 It is a principal teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School, and a founding member of Dana–Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, a Comprehensive Cancer Center designated by the National Cancer Institute.
Kenneth C. Anderson is an American hematologist-oncologist and cancer researcher who is primarily known for advances in the treatment of multiple myeloma.
 He directs the Lebow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics and Jerome Lipper Myeloma Center at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and is the Kraft Family Professor of Medicine and Vice Chair of the Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
Caroline Kaufer (née Lipson) (August 4, 1962 – March 22, 2005) was an executive of a software development company and a philanthropist, especially for research into neuroendocrine cancer, the disease from which she died.
 Before her death, Mrs. Kaufer and her husband Stephen Kaufer gave $1.05 million to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute to fund research of this rare disease.
 They also donated $250,000 to the Massachusetts General Hospital for similar research.
  The Stephen and Caroline Kaufer Fund for Neuroendocrine Research continues to support medical research around the world.
Todd R. Golub is a Professor of Pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School, the Charles A. Dana Investigator in Human Cancer Genetics at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and a founding member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.
 He is a world leader in applying genomic tools (such as DNA microarrays) to cancer research, having made important discoveries in the molecular basis of childhood leukemia.
Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) was first described in January 2008 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
 It was the first example of a human viral pathogen discovered using unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing with a technique called digital transcriptome subtraction.
 MCV is one of seven currently known human oncoviruses.
 It is suspected to cause the majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer.
 Approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) tumors have been found to be infected with MCV.
 Three years later, a team of researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute developed an antibody that detected MCV expression in 97% of MCC tumors.
 MCV appears to be a common—if not universal—infection of older children and adults.
 It is found in respiratory secretions suggesting that it may be transmitted by a respiratory route.
 But it also can be found shedding from healthy skin, and in gastrointestinal tract tissues and elsewhere, and so its precise mode of transmission remains unknown.
 Most MCV viruses found in MCC tumors, however, have at least two mutations that render the virus nontransmissible: 1) The virus is integrated into the host genome in a monoclonal fashion and 2) The viral T antigen has truncation mutations that leave the T antigen unable to initiate DNA replication needed to propagate the virus.

Question: Question: In which State is the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute located? 

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Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Rafael Irizarry is a professor of biostatistics at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and professor of biostatistics and computational biology at the Dana–Farber Cancer Institute.
 Irizarry is known as one of the founders of the Bioconductor project. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 Eric P. Winer, MD (born 1956), is chief of the Division of Women's Cancers and director of the Breast Oncology Program in the Susan F. Smith Center for Women's Cancers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute in Boston, Massachusetts.
 He also serves as the Institute's chief strategy officer.
 He is the Thompson Senior Investigator in Breast Cancer Research and a Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School.
 Winer is a medical oncologist and clinical researcher specializing in breast cancer.
 He has focused his career on treating patients with breast cancer and advancing understanding of the disease.
 He is committed to delivering the best care to his patients today while striving to improve the methods of care for the future. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 David M. Livingston is the Deputy Director of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Emil Frei Professor of Genetics and Medicine at Harvard Medical School, Chairman of the Executive Committee for Research at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.
 Dr. Livingston joined the Harvard faculty in 1973.
 His research focuses on breast and ovarian cancer. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 John Quackenbush (born January 4, 1962) is an American computational biologist and genome scientist.
 He is a professor of biostatistics and computational biology and a professor of cancer biology at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI), as well as the director of its Center for Cancer Computational Biology (CCCB).
 Quackenbush also holds an appointment as a professor of computational biology and bioinformatics in the Department of Biostatistics at the Harvard School of Public Health (HSPH). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 Dana–Farber Cancer Institute is a comprehensive cancer treatment and research center in Boston, Massachusetts.
 It is a principal teaching affiliate of Harvard Medical School, and a founding member of Dana–Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, a Comprehensive Cancer Center designated by the National Cancer Institute. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Caroline Kaufer (née Lipson) (August 4, 1962 – March 22, 2005) was an executive of a software development company and a philanthropist, especially for research into neuroendocrine cancer, the disease from which she died.
 Before her death, Mrs. Kaufer and her husband Stephen Kaufer gave $1.05 million to the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute to fund research of this rare disease.
 They also donated $250,000 to the Massachusetts General Hospital for similar research.
  The Stephen and Caroline Kaufer Fund for Neuroendocrine Research continues to support medical research around the world. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 Todd R. Golub is a Professor of Pediatrics at the Harvard Medical School, the Charles A. Dana Investigator in Human Cancer Genetics at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and a founding member of the Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard.
 He is a world leader in applying genomic tools (such as DNA microarrays) to cancer research, having made important discoveries in the molecular basis of childhood leukemia. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV or MCPyV) was first described in January 2008 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
 It was the first example of a human viral pathogen discovered using unbiased metagenomic next-generation sequencing with a technique called digital transcriptome subtraction.
 MCV is one of seven currently known human oncoviruses.
 It is suspected to cause the majority of cases of Merkel cell carcinoma, a rare but aggressive form of skin cancer.
 Approximately 80% of Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) tumors have been found to be infected with MCV.
 Three years later, a team of researchers at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute developed an antibody that detected MCV expression in 97% of MCC tumors.
 MCV appears to be a common—if not universal—infection of older children and adults.
 It is found in respiratory secretions suggesting that it may be transmitted by a respiratory route.
 But it also can be found shedding from healthy skin, and in gastrointestinal tract tissues and elsewhere, and so its precise mode of transmission remains unknown.
 Most MCV viruses found in MCC tumors, however, have at least two mutations that render the virus nontransmissible: 1) The virus is integrated into the host genome in a monoclonal fashion and 2) The viral T antigen has truncation mutations that leave the T antigen unable to initiate DNA replication needed to propagate the virus. 

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Answer: Massachusetts