title: Patrick Lawlor (politician)
Patrick Gaffney (anthropologist)
Patrick Daniel Norton
Patrick Welch
Dan Kelly (sportscaster)
Mason Gaffney
Pat Tillman
Pat Bourque
Pat Wright (footballer)
University of Chicago
sentences: Patrick Daniel Lawlor (November 16, 1923 – March 28, 1993) was a Canadian politician who served as the Ontario NDP Member of the Ontario legislature for the Toronto riding of Lakeshore from 1967 to 1981.
Patrick Daniel Gaffney is an American anthropologist, academic, translator, member of the Congregation of Holy Cross and the current Vice-Chancellor of Notre Dame University Bangladesh.
 He earned his PhD from the University of Chicago and has taught at the University of Notre Dame, USA, since 1980.
 For his academic work, he received Kaneb Teaching Award in 2001, and Reinhold Niebuhr Award in 2002.
 A polyglot fluent in Arabic, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and a competent reader in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Gaffney translated "Renaissance of the East" by Hans Fortmann in 1972 and "With Open Hands" by Henri Nouwen in 1973 from Dutch into English.
 An expert on Islam and Islamic culture, Gaffney authored "The Prophet's Pulpit: Islamic Preaching in Contemporary Egypt" in 1994 and co-authored "Breaking Cycles of Violence: Conflict Prevention and Intrastate Crises" in 1999.
Patrick Daniel Norton (May 17, 1876 – October 14, 1953) was a U.S. Representative from North Dakota with the Republican Party.
Patrick Daniel Welch was a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate, representing the 38th district from 1983 through 2005.
 He served as an Assistant Majority Leader during his final term.
Patrick Daniel "Dan" Kelly (September 17, 1936 – February 10, 1989) was a Canadian-born sportscaster best known for his radio play-by-play coverage of the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League, from early in their existence until his death more than two decades later.
Mason Gaffney (born October 18, 1923) is an American economist and a major critic of Neoclassical economics from a Georgist point of view.
 He earned his B.A. in 1948 from Reed College in Portland, Oregon.
 Gaffney first read Henry George's masterwork "Progress and Poverty" as a high school junior.
 After serving in the southwest Pacific during World War II, this interest led him in 1956 to get a Ph.D. in Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.
 There he addressed his teachers' skepticism about Georgism with a dissertation entitled "Land Speculation as an Obstacle to Ideal Allocation of Land."
 Gaffney has been Professor of Economics at the University of California, Riverside since 1976.
Patrick Daniel Tillman (November 6, 1976 – April 22, 2004) was a professional American football player in the National Football League (NFL) who left his sports career and enlisted in the United States Army in June 2002 in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.
 His service in Iraq and Afghanistan, and subsequent death, were the subject of much media attention.
Patrick Daniel Bourque (born March 23, 1947 in Worcester, Massachusetts) is a retired American professional baseball player, a first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for three teams in a four-year MLB career.
 A left-handed batter and thrower, he stood 6 ft tall and weighed 210 lb .
Patrick Daniel Joseph "Pat" Wright (born 17 November 1940) is an English football coach and former professional player who made 230 appearances in the Football League playing for Birmingham City, Shrewsbury Town, Derby County, Southend United and Rotherham United.
 He played as a full back.
 He has coached at club and national level all over the world.
The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois established in 1890, which holds top-ten positions in numerous national and international rankings.

Question: Question: What year was the university where Patrick Daniel Gaffney earned his PhD established? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Patrick Daniel Gaffney is an American anthropologist, academic, translator, member of the Congregation of Holy Cross and the current Vice-Chancellor of Notre Dame University Bangladesh.
 He earned his PhD from the University of Chicago and has taught at the University of Notre Dame, USA, since 1980.
 For his academic work, he received Kaneb Teaching Award in 2001, and Reinhold Niebuhr Award in 2002.
 A polyglot fluent in Arabic, French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Italian, Russian, and a competent reader in Latin, Greek, Hebrew, Gaffney translated "Renaissance of the East" by Hans Fortmann in 1972 and "With Open Hands" by Henri Nouwen in 1973 from Dutch into English.
 An expert on Islam and Islamic culture, Gaffney authored "The Prophet's Pulpit: Islamic Preaching in Contemporary Egypt" in 1994 and co-authored "Breaking Cycles of Violence: Conflict Prevention and Intrastate Crises" in 1999. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Patrick Daniel Norton (May 17, 1876 – October 14, 1953) was a U.S. Representative from North Dakota with the Republican Party. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Patrick Daniel Welch was a Democratic member of the Illinois Senate, representing the 38th district from 1983 through 2005.
 He served as an Assistant Majority Leader during his final term. 

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Paragraph 3 

 Patrick Daniel "Dan" Kelly (September 17, 1936 – February 10, 1989) was a Canadian-born sportscaster best known for his radio play-by-play coverage of the St. Louis Blues of the National Hockey League, from early in their existence until his death more than two decades later. 

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Paragraph 4 

 Mason Gaffney (born October 18, 1923) is an American economist and a major critic of Neoclassical economics from a Georgist point of view.
 He earned his B.A. in 1948 from Reed College in Portland, Oregon.
 Gaffney first read Henry George's masterwork "Progress and Poverty" as a high school junior.
 After serving in the southwest Pacific during World War II, this interest led him in 1956 to get a Ph.D. in Economics at the University of California, Berkeley.
 There he addressed his teachers' skepticism about Georgism with a dissertation entitled "Land Speculation as an Obstacle to Ideal Allocation of Land."
 Gaffney has been Professor of Economics at the University of California, Riverside since 1976. 

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Paragraph 5 

 Patrick Daniel Tillman (November 6, 1976 – April 22, 2004) was a professional American football player in the National Football League (NFL) who left his sports career and enlisted in the United States Army in June 2002 in the aftermath of the September 11 attacks.
 His service in Iraq and Afghanistan, and subsequent death, were the subject of much media attention. 

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Paragraph 6 

 Patrick Daniel Bourque (born March 23, 1947 in Worcester, Massachusetts) is a retired American professional baseball player, a first baseman in Major League Baseball who played for three teams in a four-year MLB career.
 A left-handed batter and thrower, he stood 6 ft tall and weighed 210 lb . 

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Paragraph 7 

 The University of Chicago (U of C, Chicago, or UChicago) is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois established in 1890, which holds top-ten positions in numerous national and international rankings. 

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Answer: 1890