title: Maria Menshikova
Aleksandrov–Rassias problem
Alexandrov theorem
Manifold Destiny
Soul theorem
Alexandrov's uniqueness theorem
Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov
Giovanni Maria Fontana
Battle of Lesnaya
Grigori Perelman
sentences: Princess Maria Alexandrovna Menshikova (26 December 1711 – 1729) was a daughter of Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, the favourite of Peter I of Russia.
The theory of isometries in the framework of Banach spaces has its beginning in a paper by Stanisław Mazur and Stanisław M. Ulam in 1932.
 They proved that each isometry of a normed real linear space onto a normed real linear space is a linear mapping up to translation.
 In 1970, Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov asked whether the existence of a single conservative distance for some mapping implies that it is an isometry.
 Themistocles M. Rassias posed the following problem:
In mathematical analysis, the Alexandrov theorem, named after Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, states that if U is an open subset of R and  "f" : "U" → R   is a convex function, then "f" has a second derivative almost everywhere.
"Manifold Destiny" is an article in "The New Yorker" written by Sylvia Nasar and David Gruber and published in the August 28, 2006 issue of the magazine.
 It claims to give a detailed account (including interviews with many mathematicians) of some of the circumstances surrounding the proof of the Poincaré conjecture, one of the most important accomplishments of 20th and 21st century mathematics, and traces the attempts by three teams of mathematicians to verify the proof given by Grigori Perelman.
In mathematics, the soul theorem is a theorem of Riemannian geometry that largely reduces the study of complete manifolds of non-negative sectional curvature to that of the compact case.
 Cheeger and Gromoll proved the theorem in 1972 by generalizing a 1969 result of Gromoll and Wolfgang Meyer.
 The related soul conjecture was formulated by Gromoll and Cheeger in 1972 and proved by Grigori Perelman in 1994 with an astonishingly concise proof.
The Alexandrov uniqueness theorem is a rigidity theorem in mathematics, describing three-dimensional convex polyhedra in terms of the distances between points on their surfaces.
 It implies that convex polyhedra with distinct shapes from each other also have distinct metric spaces of surface distances, and it characterizes the metric spaces that come from the surface distances on polyhedra.
 It is named after Soviet mathematician Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, who published it in the 1940s.
Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Алекса́ндров , alternative transliterations: "Alexandr" or "Alexander" (first name), and "Alexandrov" (last name)) (August 4, 1912 – July 27, 1999), was a Soviet/Russian mathematician, physicist, philosopher and mountaineer.
Giovanni Maria Fontana ("c"1670 – after 1712) was an Italian-Swiss architect, born in Lugano, who worked in Russia, on the invitation of Peter the Great, who assembled a team of European architects and artisans for the construction of St Petersburg during his grand tour in 1697 and 1698.
 Among his most prominent commissions were those from Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, to build his various palaces, including the Oranienbaum, often working in tandem with Johann Gottfried Schädel.
The Battle of Lesnaya (Russian: Битва при Лесной "Bitva pri Lesnoy", Swedish: "Slaget vid Lesna" , Polish: "Bitwa pod Leśną" ), was one of the major battles of the Great Northern War.
 It took place on September 28, 1708 (O.S.) / September 29, 1708 (Swedish calendar) / October 9, 1708 (N.S.) between a Russian army of between 26,500 and 29,000 men commanded by Peter I of Russia, Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn, Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, Christian Felix Bauer and Nikolai Grigorovitj von Werden and a Swedish army of about 12,500 men commanded by Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt and Berndt Otto Stackelberg, at the village of Lesnaya, located close to the border between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia (now the village of Lyasnaya, south-east of Mogilev in Belarus).
 The Swedes were escorting a supply column of more than 4,500 wagons for their main army in Ukraine.
Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman (Russian: Григо́рий Я́ковлевич Перельма́н ; ] ; born 13 June 1966) is a Russian mathematician.
 He made a contribution to Riemannian geometry and geometric topology.

Question: Question: Who was born first, Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov or Grigori Perelman? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Princess Maria Alexandrovna Menshikova (26 December 1711 – 1729) was a daughter of Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, the favourite of Peter I of Russia. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 The theory of isometries in the framework of Banach spaces has its beginning in a paper by Stanisław Mazur and Stanisław M. Ulam in 1932.
 They proved that each isometry of a normed real linear space onto a normed real linear space is a linear mapping up to translation.
 In 1970, Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov asked whether the existence of a single conservative distance for some mapping implies that it is an isometry.
 Themistocles M. Rassias posed the following problem: 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 In mathematics, the soul theorem is a theorem of Riemannian geometry that largely reduces the study of complete manifolds of non-negative sectional curvature to that of the compact case.
 Cheeger and Gromoll proved the theorem in 1972 by generalizing a 1969 result of Gromoll and Wolfgang Meyer.
 The related soul conjecture was formulated by Gromoll and Cheeger in 1972 and proved by Grigori Perelman in 1994 with an astonishingly concise proof. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 The Alexandrov uniqueness theorem is a rigidity theorem in mathematics, describing three-dimensional convex polyhedra in terms of the distances between points on their surfaces.
 It implies that convex polyhedra with distinct shapes from each other also have distinct metric spaces of surface distances, and it characterizes the metric spaces that come from the surface distances on polyhedra.
 It is named after Soviet mathematician Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov, who published it in the 1940s. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Дани́лович Алекса́ндров , alternative transliterations: "Alexandr" or "Alexander" (first name), and "Alexandrov" (last name)) (August 4, 1912 – July 27, 1999), was a Soviet/Russian mathematician, physicist, philosopher and mountaineer. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Giovanni Maria Fontana ("c"1670 – after 1712) was an Italian-Swiss architect, born in Lugano, who worked in Russia, on the invitation of Peter the Great, who assembled a team of European architects and artisans for the construction of St Petersburg during his grand tour in 1697 and 1698.
 Among his most prominent commissions were those from Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, to build his various palaces, including the Oranienbaum, often working in tandem with Johann Gottfried Schädel. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 The Battle of Lesnaya (Russian: Битва при Лесной "Bitva pri Lesnoy", Swedish: "Slaget vid Lesna" , Polish: "Bitwa pod Leśną" ), was one of the major battles of the Great Northern War.
 It took place on September 28, 1708 (O.S.) / September 29, 1708 (Swedish calendar) / October 9, 1708 (N.S.) between a Russian army of between 26,500 and 29,000 men commanded by Peter I of Russia, Mikhail Mikhailovich Golitsyn, Aleksandr Danilovich Menshikov, Christian Felix Bauer and Nikolai Grigorovitj von Werden and a Swedish army of about 12,500 men commanded by Adam Ludwig Lewenhaupt and Berndt Otto Stackelberg, at the village of Lesnaya, located close to the border between the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and Russia (now the village of Lyasnaya, south-east of Mogilev in Belarus).
 The Swedes were escorting a supply column of more than 4,500 wagons for their main army in Ukraine. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Grigori Yakovlevich Perelman (Russian: Григо́рий Я́ковлевич Перельма́н ; ] ; born 13 June 1966) is a Russian mathematician.
 He made a contribution to Riemannian geometry and geometric topology. 

--------------------------------

 


Answer: Aleksandr Danilovich Aleksandrov