title: Human rights in Yemen
Petrus killings
Suharto
December Massacres of 1950 in the Korean War
Dirty War (Mexico)
Night of the Long Knives
Janet Hinostroza
Shia Islam in Saudi Arabia
Ir Herbowo
Human rights in Tibet
sentences: Human rights in Yemen are seen as problematic in numerous ways.
 The security forces have been responsible for torture, inhumane treatment and even extrajudicial executions.
 But according to the Embassy of Yemen, in recent years there has been some improvement, with the government signing several international human rights treaties, and even appointing a woman, Dr. Wahiba Fara’a, to the role of Minister of the State of Human Rights.
 Other sources state that many problems persist alongside allegations that these reforms have not been fully implemented and that abuses still run rampant, especially in the areas of women's rights, freedom of the press, torture and police brutality.
 There are arbitrary arrests of citizens as well as arbitrary searches of homes.
 Prolonged pretrial detention is a serious problem, and judicial corruption, inefficiency, and executive interference undermine due process.
 Freedom of speech, the press and religion are all restricted.
The Petrus killings were a series of extrajudicial executions in Indonesia that occurred between 1983 and 1985 under President Suharto's New Order regime.
 Without undergoing a trial, thousand of criminals were mysteriously shot to death by anonymous or undercover gunmen.
 Their bodies were then placed in public places which terrorized an unaware populace.
 The executions were part of a government effort to reduce crime and the actual death toll or extent of the killings remains a mystery today.
General of the Army Hajji Suharto (also spelled Soeharto;    , or Muhammad Soeharto; Javanese : ꦩꦸꦲꦩ꧀ꦩꦢ꧀ꦯꦸꦲꦂꦠ ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998.
The December Massacres were a series of politically motivated executions carried out by the South Korean government following the recapture of Pyongyang by communist forces in the Korean War.
 The killings took place mainly in and around Seoul but also in other locations in South Korea.
 It is believed the South Korean government executed thousands of people though accurate estimates are difficult to come by.
 The Rhee regime received criticism from the international community and the executions damaged his image.
The Dirty War (Spanish: "Guerra Sucia" ) refers to the Mexican theater of the Cold War, an internal conflict between the Mexican PRI-ruled government, backed by the US, and left-wing student and guerrilla groups in the 1960s and 1970s under the presidencies of Luis Echeverría and José López Portillo.
 During the war, government forces carried out disappearances, estimated at 1,200, systematic torture, and "probable extrajudicial executions".
The Night of the Long Knives (German:    ), also called Operation Hummingbird (German: "Unternehmen Kolibri") or, in Germany, the Röhm Putsch (German spelling: "Röhm-Putsch" ), was a purge that took place in Nazi Germany from June 30 to July 2, 1934, when the Nazi regime carried out a series of political extrajudicial executions intended to consolidate Hitler's absolute hold on power in Germany.
 Many of those killed were leaders of the "Sturmabteilung" (SA), the Nazis' own paramilitary organization, colloquially known as the "Brownshirts" due to the color of their uniforms.
 The best-known victim of the purge was Ernst Röhm, the SA's leader and one of Hitler's longtime supporters and allies.
 Leading members of the left-wing Strasserist faction of the Nazi Party (NSDAP), along with its figurehead, Gregor Strasser, were also killed, as were establishment conservatives and anti-Nazis, such as former Chancellor Kurt von Schleicher and Bavarian politician Gustav Ritter von Kahr, who had suppressed Adolf Hitler's Munich Beer Hall Putsch in 1923.
 The murders of SA leaders were also intended to improve the image of the Hitler government with a German public that was increasingly critical of thuggish Brownshirt tactics.
Janet Hinostroza is an award-winning television journalist from Ecuador.
 Her work focuses on the exposure of government corruption to harm the president of Ecuador.
 She is the anchor on a morning news program, “La Mañana de 24 Horas,” and was the creator and anchor of the long-running investigative news program “30 Plus,” which aired on Teleamazonas for more than a decade, investigating such subjects as human trafficking, arms trafficking, government and police corruption, and extrajudicial killings.
The government does not conduct census on religion and ethnicity but some sources estimated the percentage of Shiites in Saudi Arabia to 10% and others to 15% of approximately 20 million natives of Saudi Arabia.
 The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was formed in 1932 by the House of Saud, who are followers of a retroperspective movement within Sunni Islam known as Wahhabism or "the Wahhabite mission".
 Followers of the Wahhabite mission—who dominate religious institutions, courts and education of the kingdom—believe that "Muslims should return to the interpretation of Islam found in the classical texts, the Quran and the Sunnah."
 They also believe that "Muslims who seek intercession from holy men, such as the imams revered by Shiites, are not 'true' Muslims."
 While attempts to force conversion of Shiites have been infrequent, they face severe discrimination in Saudi Arabia and even executions (both legal and extrajudicial).
Ir Herbowo (1935–2003) was an architect from Indonesia and administrator, He was born in Semarang, Indonesia.
 Graduated from ITB Institute Technology Bandung in 1960 then post graduated in 1962 from Copenhagen and later was appointed by President of Indonesia Soeharto cq Home Minister to become Vice of Head Government of Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia during 1988.
 After graduating from Copenhagen, Herbowo started to work at Pulo Mas together with Ir Radinal Moochtar in a company owned by the Government of Jakarta Capital City of Indonesia, later becoming head of Directorat IV during Governor Ali Sadikin dan Head of BAPPEDA.
 He introduced Route 3 in 1 in Jakarta Capital City.
Human rights in Tibet is a contentious issue.
 According to a 1992 Amnesty International report, judicial standards in China, including in Tibet, were not up to "international standards".
 The report charged the Chinese Communist Party government with keeping political prisoners and prisoners of conscience, including the death penalty in its penal code, ill-treatment of detainees and inaction in the face of ill-treatment of detainees, including torture, the use of the death penalty, extrajudicial executions, forced abortions and sterilisation.
 The status of religion, mainly as it relates to figures who are both religious and political, such as the 14th Dalai Lama, is a regular object of criticism.

Question: Question: Which president of Indonesia created a series of extrajudicial government executions between 1983 and 1985? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Human rights in Yemen are seen as problematic in numerous ways.
 The security forces have been responsible for torture, inhumane treatment and even extrajudicial executions.
 But according to the Embassy of Yemen, in recent years there has been some improvement, with the government signing several international human rights treaties, and even appointing a woman, Dr. Wahiba Fara’a, to the role of Minister of the State of Human Rights.
 Other sources state that many problems persist alongside allegations that these reforms have not been fully implemented and that abuses still run rampant, especially in the areas of women's rights, freedom of the press, torture and police brutality.
 There are arbitrary arrests of citizens as well as arbitrary searches of homes.
 Prolonged pretrial detention is a serious problem, and judicial corruption, inefficiency, and executive interference undermine due process.
 Freedom of speech, the press and religion are all restricted. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 The Petrus killings were a series of extrajudicial executions in Indonesia that occurred between 1983 and 1985 under President Suharto's New Order regime.
 Without undergoing a trial, thousand of criminals were mysteriously shot to death by anonymous or undercover gunmen.
 Their bodies were then placed in public places which terrorized an unaware populace.
 The executions were part of a government effort to reduce crime and the actual death toll or extent of the killings remains a mystery today. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 General of the Army Hajji Suharto (also spelled Soeharto;    , or Muhammad Soeharto; Javanese : ꦩꦸꦲꦩ꧀ꦩꦢ꧀ꦯꦸꦲꦂꦠ ; 8 June 1921 – 27 January 2008) was the second President of Indonesia, holding the office for 31 years from the ousting of Sukarno in 1967 until his resignation in 1998. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 The December Massacres were a series of politically motivated executions carried out by the South Korean government following the recapture of Pyongyang by communist forces in the Korean War.
 The killings took place mainly in and around Seoul but also in other locations in South Korea.
 It is believed the South Korean government executed thousands of people though accurate estimates are difficult to come by.
 The Rhee regime received criticism from the international community and the executions damaged his image. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 The Dirty War (Spanish: "Guerra Sucia" ) refers to the Mexican theater of the Cold War, an internal conflict between the Mexican PRI-ruled government, backed by the US, and left-wing student and guerrilla groups in the 1960s and 1970s under the presidencies of Luis Echeverría and José López Portillo.
 During the war, government forces carried out disappearances, estimated at 1,200, systematic torture, and "probable extrajudicial executions". 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Janet Hinostroza is an award-winning television journalist from Ecuador.
 Her work focuses on the exposure of government corruption to harm the president of Ecuador.
 She is the anchor on a morning news program, “La Mañana de 24 Horas,” and was the creator and anchor of the long-running investigative news program “30 Plus,” which aired on Teleamazonas for more than a decade, investigating such subjects as human trafficking, arms trafficking, government and police corruption, and extrajudicial killings. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 The government does not conduct census on religion and ethnicity but some sources estimated the percentage of Shiites in Saudi Arabia to 10% and others to 15% of approximately 20 million natives of Saudi Arabia.
 The modern Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was formed in 1932 by the House of Saud, who are followers of a retroperspective movement within Sunni Islam known as Wahhabism or "the Wahhabite mission".
 Followers of the Wahhabite mission—who dominate religious institutions, courts and education of the kingdom—believe that "Muslims should return to the interpretation of Islam found in the classical texts, the Quran and the Sunnah."
 They also believe that "Muslims who seek intercession from holy men, such as the imams revered by Shiites, are not 'true' Muslims."
 While attempts to force conversion of Shiites have been infrequent, they face severe discrimination in Saudi Arabia and even executions (both legal and extrajudicial). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Human rights in Tibet is a contentious issue.
 According to a 1992 Amnesty International report, judicial standards in China, including in Tibet, were not up to "international standards".
 The report charged the Chinese Communist Party government with keeping political prisoners and prisoners of conscience, including the death penalty in its penal code, ill-treatment of detainees and inaction in the face of ill-treatment of detainees, including torture, the use of the death penalty, extrajudicial executions, forced abortions and sterilisation.
 The status of religion, mainly as it relates to figures who are both religious and political, such as the 14th Dalai Lama, is a regular object of criticism. 

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Answer: Suharto