title: The Curse of Frankenstein
Boris Karloff filmography
Bride of Frankenstein
Boris Karloff
Frankenstein (1931 film)
Colin Clive
Bride of Frankenstein (character)
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man
Kyoufu Densetsu Kaiki! Frankenstein
Frankenstein's Aunt Returns
sentences: The Curse of Frankenstein is a 1957 British horror film by Hammer Film Productions, loosely based on the novel "Frankenstein" (1818) by Mary Shelley.
 It was Hammer's first colour horror film, and the first of their Frankenstein series.
 Its worldwide success led to several sequels, and the studio's new versions of "Dracula" (1958) and "The Mummy" (1959) and established "Hammer Horror" as a distinctive brand of Gothic cinema.
 The film was directed by Terence Fisher and stars Peter Cushing as Victor Frankenstein, Hazel Court as Elizabeth, and Christopher Lee as the creature.
This is the filmography of Boris Karloff.
 Born as William Henry Pratt, he joined a touring company and adopted the stage name Boris Karloff.
 During these early stages of his career he was mostly left in obscurity.
 By 1919, Karloff found regular work as an extra at Universal Studios.
 Karloff's first significant hit film was in Howard Hawks's "The Criminal Code" (1931).
 While shooting "Graft", director James Whale convinced Karloff to star as a character in one of his most popular roles as Frankenstein's monster in "Frankenstein" which led to him becoming an overnight superstar.
 After "Frankenstein" and starring in several high-profile films such as "Bride of Frankenstein" and "Scarface", Karloff spent the remainder of the 1930s continuing to work at an incredible pace, but progressively more into less financially successful films.
 Karloff starred in a few acclaimed Val Lewton produced horror films of the 1940s and by the mid-1950s, he was a familiar presence on television hosting his own series including "Thriller" and "The Veil" and guest starring on such variety programs as "The Donald O'Connor Show".
Bride of Frankenstein (advertised as The Bride of Frankenstein) is a 1935 American science-fiction horror film, the first sequel to Universal Pictures' 1931 hit "Frankenstein".
 It is considered one of the few sequels to a great film that is even better than the original film on which it is based.
 As with the first film, "Bride of Frankenstein" was directed by James Whale and stars Boris Karloff as The Monster.
 The sequel features Elsa Lanchester in the dual role of Mary Shelley and the Monster's mate at the end of the film.
 Colin Clive reprises his role as Henry Frankenstein, and Ernest Thesiger plays the role of Doctor Septimus Pretorius.
William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969), better known by his stage name Boris Karloff, was an English actor who was primarily known for his typecast roles in horror films that depicted the characters Frankenstein and the Mummy.
 He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in "Frankenstein" (1931), "Bride of Frankenstein" (1935), and "Son of Frankenstein" (1939), which resulted in his immense popularity.
 He also appeared as Imhotep in "The Mummy" (1932).
Frankenstein is a 1931 American pre-Code horror monster film from Universal Pictures directed by James Whale and adapted from the play by Peggy Webling (which in turn is based on the novel of the same name by Mary Shelley), about a scientist and his assistant who dig up corpses to build a man animated by electricity, but his assistant accidentally gives the creature an abnormal, murderer's brain.
 The resultant monster is portrayed by Boris Karloff in the film.
Colin Clive (20 January 1900 – 25 June 1937) was an English stage and screen actor best remembered for his portrayal of Dr. Henry Frankenstein in James Whale's two Universal Frankenstein films "Frankenstein" and "Bride of Frankenstein".
The Bride of Frankenstein is a fictional character briefly mentioned in the novel, "Frankenstein", and officially introduced in the film, "Bride of Frankenstein.
Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man is a 1943 American horror film produced by Universal Studios starring Lon Chaney, Jr. as the Wolf Man and Bela Lugosi as Frankenstein's monster.
 This was the first of a series of "ensemble" monster films combining characters from several film series.
 This film, therefore, is both the fifth in the series of films based upon Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein", directly after "The Ghost of Frankenstein", and a sequel to "The Wolf Man".
Kyōfu Densetsu Kaiki!
 Frankenstein (恐怖伝説 怪奇！フランケンシュタイン ) , is a 1981 Japanese animated television film based on Mary Shelley's novel and the Marvel comic book Monster of Frankenstein.
 In this 98-minute violent, adult-oriented film, the creature was portrayed as a misunderstood monster, who only wanted to be loved.
 The film was dubbed and released in the U.S in 1984.
 The dubbed version never had a title but was advertised as both "Monster of Frankenstein" and "Frankenstein Legend of Terror".
Frankenstein's Aunt Returns is a novel by Allan Rune Pettersson that was first published in Sweden in 1989.
 The book is a sequel to the first book "Frankenstein's Aunt".
 The story is about Franklin (named after Benjamin Franklin), a child created by Doctor Frankenstein with the help of Doctor Pretorius for the monster and his bride.
 The child is inventive like his namesake and has a talent for practical jokes.
 This leads again to conflicts with the villagers, who are far from happy to have another monster in their midst.

Question: Question: The films Frankenstein and Bride of Frankenstein are based on the novel by which author? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Bride of Frankenstein (advertised as The Bride of Frankenstein) is a 1935 American science-fiction horror film, the first sequel to Universal Pictures' 1931 hit "Frankenstein".
 It is considered one of the few sequels to a great film that is even better than the original film on which it is based.
 As with the first film, "Bride of Frankenstein" was directed by James Whale and stars Boris Karloff as The Monster.
 The sequel features Elsa Lanchester in the dual role of Mary Shelley and the Monster's mate at the end of the film.
 Colin Clive reprises his role as Henry Frankenstein, and Ernest Thesiger plays the role of Doctor Septimus Pretorius. 

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Paragraph 1 

 William Henry Pratt (23 November 1887 – 2 February 1969), better known by his stage name Boris Karloff, was an English actor who was primarily known for his typecast roles in horror films that depicted the characters Frankenstein and the Mummy.
 He portrayed Frankenstein's monster in "Frankenstein" (1931), "Bride of Frankenstein" (1935), and "Son of Frankenstein" (1939), which resulted in his immense popularity.
 He also appeared as Imhotep in "The Mummy" (1932). 

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Paragraph 2 

 Frankenstein is a 1931 American pre-Code horror monster film from Universal Pictures directed by James Whale and adapted from the play by Peggy Webling (which in turn is based on the novel of the same name by Mary Shelley), about a scientist and his assistant who dig up corpses to build a man animated by electricity, but his assistant accidentally gives the creature an abnormal, murderer's brain.
 The resultant monster is portrayed by Boris Karloff in the film. 

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Paragraph 3 

 Colin Clive (20 January 1900 – 25 June 1937) was an English stage and screen actor best remembered for his portrayal of Dr. Henry Frankenstein in James Whale's two Universal Frankenstein films "Frankenstein" and "Bride of Frankenstein". 

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Paragraph 4 

 The Bride of Frankenstein is a fictional character briefly mentioned in the novel, "Frankenstein", and officially introduced in the film, "Bride of Frankenstein. 

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Paragraph 5 

 Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man is a 1943 American horror film produced by Universal Studios starring Lon Chaney, Jr. as the Wolf Man and Bela Lugosi as Frankenstein's monster.
 This was the first of a series of "ensemble" monster films combining characters from several film series.
 This film, therefore, is both the fifth in the series of films based upon Mary Shelley's "Frankenstein", directly after "The Ghost of Frankenstein", and a sequel to "The Wolf Man". 

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Paragraph 6 

 Kyōfu Densetsu Kaiki!
 Frankenstein (恐怖伝説 怪奇！フランケンシュタイン ) , is a 1981 Japanese animated television film based on Mary Shelley's novel and the Marvel comic book Monster of Frankenstein.
 In this 98-minute violent, adult-oriented film, the creature was portrayed as a misunderstood monster, who only wanted to be loved.
 The film was dubbed and released in the U.S in 1984.
 The dubbed version never had a title but was advertised as both "Monster of Frankenstein" and "Frankenstein Legend of Terror". 

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Paragraph 7 

 Frankenstein's Aunt Returns is a novel by Allan Rune Pettersson that was first published in Sweden in 1989.
 The book is a sequel to the first book "Frankenstein's Aunt".
 The story is about Franklin (named after Benjamin Franklin), a child created by Doctor Frankenstein with the help of Doctor Pretorius for the monster and his bride.
 The child is inventive like his namesake and has a talent for practical jokes.
 This leads again to conflicts with the villagers, who are far from happy to have another monster in their midst. 

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Answer: Mary Shelley