title: Future and Emerging Technologies
Technological change
S-bot mobile robot
Suzanne Treister
Blue Brain Project
IBM jStart
Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies
Emerging technologies
Demand articulation
Agbolade Omowole
sentences: European Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship projects include the Graphene Flagship, Human Brain Project, the Blue Brain Project, and the Quantum technology Flagship.
Technological change, technological development, technological achievement, or technological progress is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes.
 In essence technological change is the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization via research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of technologies (in which they often become less expensive), and the diffusion of technologies throughout industry or society (which sometimes involves disruption and convergence).
 In short, technological change is based on both better and more technology.
The s-bot is a small (15 cm) differential wheeled (with additional tracks) mobile robot developed at the LIS (Laboratory of Intelligent Systems) at the EPFL in Lausanne, Switzerland between 2001 and 2004.
 Targeted to swarm robotics, a field of artificial intelligence, it was developed within the Swarm-bots project, a Future and Emerging Technologies project coordinated by Prof. Marco Dorigo.
 Built by a small team of engineers (Francesco Mondada, André Guignard, Michael Bonani and Stéphane Magnenat) of the group of Prof. Dario Floreano and with the help of student projects, it is considered at the time of completion as one of the most complex and featured robots ever for its size.
 The s-bot was ranked on position 39 in the list of “The 50 Best Robots Ever” (fiction or real) by the Wired magazine in 2006.
Suzanne Treister (born 1958) is a British artist based in London, where she studied at Saint Martin's School of Art (1978-1981) and Chelsea College of Art and Design (1981-1982).
 Initially known in the 1980s as a painter, she became a pioneer in digital/new media art from the beginning of the 1990s, creating work about emerging technologies, developing fictional worlds and international collaborative organizations.
 Using various media, including video, the internet, interactive technologies, photography, drawing and watercolor, Treister has evolved a large body of work which engages with eccentric narratives and unconventional bodies of research to reveal structures that bind power, identity and knowledge.
 Her projects, which often span several years, reinterpret given taxonomies and histories to examine the existence of covert, unseen forces at work in the world, whether corporate, military or paranormal.
The Blue Brain, a Swiss national brain initiative, aims to create a digital reconstruction of the brain by reverse-engineering mammalian brain circuitry.
 The mission of the project, founded in May 2005 by the Brain and Mind Institute of the "École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne" (EPFL) in Switzerland, is to use biologically-detailed digital reconstructions and simulations of the mammalian brain (brain simulation) to identify the fundamental principles of brain structure and function in health and disease.
Founded in 1997, IBM's jStart team is IBM's primary client engagement group for emerging internet technologies.
 The team is part of IBM Software Solutions Group, and is a component of the Emerging Technologies team.
 jStart is responsible for creating prototypes and solutions for companies around the world, and has frequently launched the first implementations of technologies for introduction into the enterprise.
The Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET) is a "technoprogressive think tank" that seeks to contribute to understanding of the likely impact of emerging technologies on individuals and societies by "promoting and publicizing the work of thinkers who examine the social implications of scientific and technological advance".
 It was incorporated in the United States in 2004, as a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization, by philosopher Nick Bostrom and bioethicist James Hughes.
Emerging technologies are technologies that are perceived as capable of changing the status quo.
 These technologies are generally new but include older technologies that are still controversial and relatively undeveloped in potential, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis and gene therapy which date to 1989 and 1990 respectively.
Demand articulation is a concept developed within the scientific field of innovation studies which serves to explain learning processes about needs for new and emerging technologies.
 Emerging technologies are technologies in their early phase of development, which have not resulted in concrete products yet.
 Many characteristics of these technologies, such as the technological aspects but also the needs of users concerning the technology, have not been specified yet.
 Demand articulation can be defined as ‘iterative, inherently creative processes in which stakeholders try to address what they perceive as important characteristics of, and attempt to unravel preferences for an emerging innovation’.
Agbolade Omowole is a technology researcher, writer, blogger, life coach and businessman.
 He is a contributing writer at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies and a member of the Christian Transhumanist Association.
 He is the founder of Nigeria ICT Fest, whose goal is to bridge the technology gap between Nigeria and the developed world.
 He believes that the only way Nigeria and other developing nations in Africa can catch-up with the developed world is by leveraging emerging technologies.
 He is one of the stakeholders that seek enabling environment for tech village in Nigeria.
 He is the author of the book "Program like Bill Gates" which is available on Amazon.

Question: Question: In what year was one of the Future and Emerging Technologies projects founded? 

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Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 European Future and Emerging Technologies Flagship projects include the Graphene Flagship, Human Brain Project, the Blue Brain Project, and the Quantum technology Flagship. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Technological change, technological development, technological achievement, or technological progress is the overall process of invention, innovation and diffusion of technology or processes.
 In essence technological change is the invention of technologies (including processes) and their commercialization via research and development (producing emerging technologies), the continual improvement of technologies (in which they often become less expensive), and the diffusion of technologies throughout industry or society (which sometimes involves disruption and convergence).
 In short, technological change is based on both better and more technology. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Suzanne Treister (born 1958) is a British artist based in London, where she studied at Saint Martin's School of Art (1978-1981) and Chelsea College of Art and Design (1981-1982).
 Initially known in the 1980s as a painter, she became a pioneer in digital/new media art from the beginning of the 1990s, creating work about emerging technologies, developing fictional worlds and international collaborative organizations.
 Using various media, including video, the internet, interactive technologies, photography, drawing and watercolor, Treister has evolved a large body of work which engages with eccentric narratives and unconventional bodies of research to reveal structures that bind power, identity and knowledge.
 Her projects, which often span several years, reinterpret given taxonomies and histories to examine the existence of covert, unseen forces at work in the world, whether corporate, military or paranormal. 

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Paragraph 3 

 The Blue Brain, a Swiss national brain initiative, aims to create a digital reconstruction of the brain by reverse-engineering mammalian brain circuitry.
 The mission of the project, founded in May 2005 by the Brain and Mind Institute of the "École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne" (EPFL) in Switzerland, is to use biologically-detailed digital reconstructions and simulations of the mammalian brain (brain simulation) to identify the fundamental principles of brain structure and function in health and disease. 

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Paragraph 4 

 Founded in 1997, IBM's jStart team is IBM's primary client engagement group for emerging internet technologies.
 The team is part of IBM Software Solutions Group, and is a component of the Emerging Technologies team.
 jStart is responsible for creating prototypes and solutions for companies around the world, and has frequently launched the first implementations of technologies for introduction into the enterprise. 

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Paragraph 5 

 The Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies (IEET) is a "technoprogressive think tank" that seeks to contribute to understanding of the likely impact of emerging technologies on individuals and societies by "promoting and publicizing the work of thinkers who examine the social implications of scientific and technological advance".
 It was incorporated in the United States in 2004, as a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization, by philosopher Nick Bostrom and bioethicist James Hughes. 

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Paragraph 6 

 Emerging technologies are technologies that are perceived as capable of changing the status quo.
 These technologies are generally new but include older technologies that are still controversial and relatively undeveloped in potential, such as preimplantation genetic diagnosis and gene therapy which date to 1989 and 1990 respectively. 

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Paragraph 7 

 Agbolade Omowole is a technology researcher, writer, blogger, life coach and businessman.
 He is a contributing writer at the Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies and a member of the Christian Transhumanist Association.
 He is the founder of Nigeria ICT Fest, whose goal is to bridge the technology gap between Nigeria and the developed world.
 He believes that the only way Nigeria and other developing nations in Africa can catch-up with the developed world is by leveraging emerging technologies.
 He is one of the stakeholders that seek enabling environment for tech village in Nigeria.
 He is the author of the book "Program like Bill Gates" which is available on Amazon. 

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Answer: 2005