title: Civil Rights Act of 1968
Executive Order 11246
Languages of Romania
Chung (surname)
Palumbo
Languages of Italy
Sign language
Sign language in the brain
Canaanite languages
Dramatic Prakrit
sentences: The Civil Rights Act of 1968, (Pub.L.
 90–284 , 82 Stat.
 73 , enacted  11, 1968 ), also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin and made it a federal crime to “by force or by threat of force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone … by reason of their race, color, religion, or national origin.”
 The Act was signed into law during the King assassination riots by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had previously signed the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act into law.
Executive Order 11246, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 24, 1965, established requirements for non-discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors.
 It "prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over $10,000 in Government business in one year from discriminating in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin."
 It also requires contractors to "take affirmative action to ensure that applicants are employed, and that employees are treated during employment, without regard to their race, color, religion, sex or national origin."
 The phrase "affirmative action" had appeared previously in Executive Order 10925 in 1961.
In Romania there are several spoken languages.
 Beside Romanian, the only official language nationwide, other spoken languages include Hungarian, English, Lithuanian, Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, Russian, Slovak, Romani, Ukrainian, and German.
Chung is a surname whose bearers are generally people of Chinese or Korean descent.
 It is also a Vietnamese surname worn by people of Chinese descent but is very rare in Vietnam; the surname is known as Zhong in Chinese, Jung (정) in Korean, and exactly Chung in Vietnam.
Palumbo is a surname of Italian origin, derived from Palombo literally meaning "Ring Dove" or Palombella meaning "Wood Pigeon" in the dialects of southern Italy.
 The Palumbo family crest depicts a Dove with an olive banch in its beak.
 Due to this many consider the meaning of Palumbo to be "Dove of Peace".
 It could refer to:
There are approximately 34 living spoken languages and related dialects in Italy, most of which are indigenous evolutions of Vulgar Latin, and thus are classified as Romance languages.
 Although they are sometimes referred to as regional languages, there is no uniformity within any Italian region, and speakers from one locale within a region are typically very aware of features that distinguish their local language from the speech of other places nearby.
 The official and most widely spoken language is Italian, a descendant of Tuscan.
Sign language (also signed language) is a language which chiefly uses manual communication to convey meaning, as opposed to spoken language.
 This can involve simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express a speaker's thoughts.
 Sign languages share many similarities with spoken languages (sometimes called "oral languages"), which depend primarily on sound, and linguists consider both to be types of natural language.
 Although there are some significant differences between signed and spoken languages, such as how they use space grammatically, sign languages show the same linguistic properties and use the same language faculty as do spoken languages.
 They should not be confused with body language, which is a kind of non-linguistic communication.
Sign language refers to a mode of communication, distinct from spoken languages, which uses visual gestures with the hands accompanied by body language to express meaning.
 It has been determined that the brain's left side is the dominant side utilized for producing and understanding sign language, just as it is for speech.
 In 1861, Paul Broca studied patients with the ability to understand spoken languages but the inability to produce them.
 The damaged area was named Broca's area, and located in the left hemisphere’s inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann areas 44, 45).
 Soon after, in 1874, Carl Wernicke studied patients with the reverse deficits: patients could produce spoken language, but could not comprehend it.
 The damaged area was named Wernicke's area, and is located in the left hemisphere’s posterior superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann area 22).
 Signers with damage in Broca's area, have problems producing signs.
 Those with damage in the Wernicke's area (left hemisphere) in the temporal lobe of the brain have problems comprehending signed languages.
 Early on, it was noted that Broca’s area was near the part of the motor cortex controlling the face and mouth.
 Likewise, Wernicke's area was near the auditory cortex.
 These motor and auditory areas are important in spoken language processing and production, but the connection to signed languages had yet to be uncovered.
 For this reason, the left hemisphere was described as the verbal hemisphere, with the right hemisphere deemed to be responsible for spatial tasks.
 This criteria and classification was used to denounce signed languages as equal with their spoken counterparts before it was more widely agreed upon that due to the similarities in cortical connectivity they are linguistically and cognitively equivalent.
 In the 1980's research on deaf patients with left hemisphere stroke were examined to explore the brains connection with signed languages.
 The left perisylvian region was discovered to be functionally critical for language, spoken and signed.
 Its location near several key auditory processing regions led to the belief that language processing required auditory input and was used to discredit signed languages as "real languages."
 This research opened the doorway for linguistic analysis and further research of signed languages.
 Signed languages, like spoken languages, are highly structured linguistic system; they have their own sets of phonological, morphological and syntactic characteristics.
 Despite complex differences between spoken and signed languages, the associated brain areas are thus far thought to share a lot in common.
The Canaanite languages or Canaanite dialects are one of the four subdivisions of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being the Aramaic language, the Ugaritic language, and the Amorite language.
 They were spoken by the ancient Semitic people of the Canaan and Levant regions, an area encompassing what are today Israel, Jordan, Sinai, Lebanon, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and also some fringe areas of southern Turkey and the northern Arabian peninsula.
 The Canaanites are broadly defined to include the Israelites (including Judeans and Samaritans), Phoenicians (including Carthaginians), Amorites, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Suteans, Ekronites and Amalekites.
 The Canaanite languages had ceased to be everyday spoken languages by the 1st millennium AD, but Hebrew remained in continuous use by many Jews since that period into medieval times as a liturgical language, literary language, and for commerce, until it was revived as an everyday spoken language in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and became the main language of the Jews of Palestine and later the State of Israel.
 Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language today.
Dramatic Prakrits were those standard forms of Prakrit dialects that were used in dramas and other literature in medieval India.
 They may have once been spoken languages or were based on spoken languages, but continued to be used as literary languages long after they ceased to be spoken.
 Dramatic Prakrits are important for the study of the development of Indo-Aryan languages, because their usage plays and literature is always accompanied by a translation in Sanskrit.

Question: Question: Palumbo is a surname whose national origin has approximately how many living spoken languages? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 The Civil Rights Act of 1968, (Pub.L.
 90–284 , 82 Stat.
 73 , enacted  11, 1968 ), also known as the Fair Housing Act, is a landmark part of legislation in the United States that provided for equal housing opportunities regardless of race, religion, or national origin and made it a federal crime to “by force or by threat of force, injure, intimidate, or interfere with anyone … by reason of their race, color, religion, or national origin.”
 The Act was signed into law during the King assassination riots by President Lyndon B. Johnson, who had previously signed the Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act into law. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 In Romania there are several spoken languages.
 Beside Romanian, the only official language nationwide, other spoken languages include Hungarian, English, Lithuanian, Bulgarian, Serbo-Croatian, Russian, Slovak, Romani, Ukrainian, and German. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 Chung is a surname whose bearers are generally people of Chinese or Korean descent.
 It is also a Vietnamese surname worn by people of Chinese descent but is very rare in Vietnam; the surname is known as Zhong in Chinese, Jung (정) in Korean, and exactly Chung in Vietnam. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 Palumbo is a surname of Italian origin, derived from Palombo literally meaning "Ring Dove" or Palombella meaning "Wood Pigeon" in the dialects of southern Italy.
 The Palumbo family crest depicts a Dove with an olive banch in its beak.
 Due to this many consider the meaning of Palumbo to be "Dove of Peace".
 It could refer to: 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 There are approximately 34 living spoken languages and related dialects in Italy, most of which are indigenous evolutions of Vulgar Latin, and thus are classified as Romance languages.
 Although they are sometimes referred to as regional languages, there is no uniformity within any Italian region, and speakers from one locale within a region are typically very aware of features that distinguish their local language from the speech of other places nearby.
 The official and most widely spoken language is Italian, a descendant of Tuscan. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Sign language (also signed language) is a language which chiefly uses manual communication to convey meaning, as opposed to spoken language.
 This can involve simultaneously combining hand shapes, orientation and movement of the hands, arms or body, and facial expressions to express a speaker's thoughts.
 Sign languages share many similarities with spoken languages (sometimes called "oral languages"), which depend primarily on sound, and linguists consider both to be types of natural language.
 Although there are some significant differences between signed and spoken languages, such as how they use space grammatically, sign languages show the same linguistic properties and use the same language faculty as do spoken languages.
 They should not be confused with body language, which is a kind of non-linguistic communication. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 The Canaanite languages or Canaanite dialects are one of the four subdivisions of the Northwest Semitic languages, the others being the Aramaic language, the Ugaritic language, and the Amorite language.
 They were spoken by the ancient Semitic people of the Canaan and Levant regions, an area encompassing what are today Israel, Jordan, Sinai, Lebanon, Syria, the Palestinian territories, and also some fringe areas of southern Turkey and the northern Arabian peninsula.
 The Canaanites are broadly defined to include the Israelites (including Judeans and Samaritans), Phoenicians (including Carthaginians), Amorites, Ammonites, Moabites, Edomites, Suteans, Ekronites and Amalekites.
 The Canaanite languages had ceased to be everyday spoken languages by the 1st millennium AD, but Hebrew remained in continuous use by many Jews since that period into medieval times as a liturgical language, literary language, and for commerce, until it was revived as an everyday spoken language in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, and became the main language of the Jews of Palestine and later the State of Israel.
 Hebrew is the only living Canaanite language today. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Dramatic Prakrits were those standard forms of Prakrit dialects that were used in dramas and other literature in medieval India.
 They may have once been spoken languages or were based on spoken languages, but continued to be used as literary languages long after they ceased to be spoken.
 Dramatic Prakrits are important for the study of the development of Indo-Aryan languages, because their usage plays and literature is always accompanied by a translation in Sanskrit. 

--------------------------------

 


Answer: 34