title: Radiation effects on optical fibers
Joetex Asamoah Frimpong
Derek Asamoah
Epineurial repair
Kwadwo Asamoah
EMule
Septoplasty
Mariana Kovacevic
Kennedy Boateng (footballer, born 1989)
Asamoah Gyan
sentences: When optical fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation such as energetic electrons, protons, neutrons, X-rays, Ƴ-radiation, etc., they undergo 'damage'.
 The term 'damage' primarily refers to the additional loss of the propagating optical signal leading to decreased power at the output end which could lead to premature failure of the component and or system.
 In the professional literature, the effect is often named Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA).
 The loss of power or 'darkening' occurs because the chemical bonds forming the optical fiber core are disrupted by the impinging high energy resulting in the appearance of new electronic transition states giving rise to additional absorption in the wavelength regions of interest.
 Once radiation source is removed, the fiber returns to its original state to some extent (a process called recovery).
 The extent of damage is governed by the balance between defect generation (excess attenuation) on one hand and defect annihilation (recovery) on the other hand.
 If the dose rate is low, an equilibrium state (between attenuation and recovery) is reached with some degree of darkening.
 On the contrary if the dose rate is high, the utility of fiber depends on the overall induced attenuation and the recovery time.
 Understanding these radiation induced effects is important particularly for space based applications where optical fibers are being considered for use in increasing number of applications.
Kwabena Joseph "Joetex" Asamoah Frimpong (born 17 April 1982 in Mampong ) is a retired Ghanaian professional football striker
Derek Asamoah (born 1 May 1981) is a Ghanaian professional footballer.
 He has previously played for clubs in England, France, Scotland, Bulgaria and South Korea.
Epineurial repair is a common surgical procedure to repair a nerve laceration via the epineurium, the connective tissue surrounding nerve fibers originating from the spinal cord.
 It is intended to allow the restoration of sensory function.
 When a nerve is lacerated or cut, repair is done by sewing the cut ends together through the epineurium to increase the potential of the proximal part growing correctly along the route the degrading distal part leaves behind.
 Usual sensation and mobility will not be an immediate result because nerves grow at a rate of approximately 1 millimeter per day, so it will take a few months to notice the final outcome.
 Research in use of nerve grafts and nerve growth factors is being done to speed recovery time.
Kwadwo "Kojo" Asamoah , ; born 9 December 1988 in Accra) is a Ghanaian professional footballer, who plays as a left midfielder, left wing-back or as an offensive central midfielder for Italian club Juventus and the Ghana national football team.
eMule is a free peer-to-peer file sharing application for Microsoft Windows.
 Started in May 2002 as an alternative to eDonkey2000, eMule now connects to both the eDonkey network and the Kad network.
 Often used by clients looking for extremely rare content, the distinguishing features of eMule are the direct exchange of sources between client nodes, fast recovery of corrupted downloads, and the use of a credit system to reward frequent uploaders.
 Furthermore, eMule transmits data in zlib-compressed form to save bandwidth.
(Etymology: L, saeptum, septum; Gk, πλάσσειν plassein – to shape), or alternatively submucous septal resection and septal reconstruction, is a corrective surgical procedure done to straighten the nasal septum, the partition between the two nasal cavities.
 Ideally, the septum should run down the center of the nose.
 When it deviates into one of the cavities, it narrows that cavity and impedes airflow.
 Deviated nasal septum or “crooked” internal nose can occur at childbirth or as the result of an injury or other trauma.
 If the wall that functions as a separator of both sides of the nose is tilted towards one side at a degree greater than 50%, it might cause difficulty breathing.
 Often the inferior turbinate on the opposite side enlarges, which is termed "compensatory hypertrophy".
 Deviations of the septum can lead to nasal obstruction.
 Most surgeries are completed in 60 minutes or less, while the recovery time could be up to several weeks.
 Septoplasty is sometimes done with rhinoplasty for cosmetic correction of the deformities of the external nasal framework.
Mariana Kovacevic is a Serbian traditional healer who has specialized in the use of horse placenta treatment to heal athletes.
 During the duration of the 2012 African Cup of Nations in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea she used the horse placenta treatment to heal Ghana's Asamoah Gyan, who had been injured and was supposed to be off football for four weeks.
 She is reported to have nursed him back to health in four hours.
 She was also reportedly enlisted by the Serbia during the world of 2010 in south Africa.
 Other footballers who are reported to have been treated by Mariana include Pablo Zabaleta, Vincent Kompany, Nigel de Jong and Robin Van Persie of Manchester United.
 There has been some doubt as to whether Mariana's therapies work.
 But more footballers are turning to her for help.
Kennedy Asamoah Boateng (born 30 November 1989) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Borac Čačak in the Serbian SuperLiga.
 His name has also appeared as Asomon Kenet and Kenneth Asamoah.
Asamoah Gyan ( , , born 22 November 1985 in Accra) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Kayserispor and captains the Ghanaian national team.

Question: Question: What did Mariana Kovacevic use to treat the injury of Asamoah Gyan, a Ghanaian professional footballer for a suprising fast recovery time? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 When optical fibers are exposed to ionizing radiation such as energetic electrons, protons, neutrons, X-rays, Ƴ-radiation, etc., they undergo 'damage'.
 The term 'damage' primarily refers to the additional loss of the propagating optical signal leading to decreased power at the output end which could lead to premature failure of the component and or system.
 In the professional literature, the effect is often named Radiation Induced Attenuation (RIA).
 The loss of power or 'darkening' occurs because the chemical bonds forming the optical fiber core are disrupted by the impinging high energy resulting in the appearance of new electronic transition states giving rise to additional absorption in the wavelength regions of interest.
 Once radiation source is removed, the fiber returns to its original state to some extent (a process called recovery).
 The extent of damage is governed by the balance between defect generation (excess attenuation) on one hand and defect annihilation (recovery) on the other hand.
 If the dose rate is low, an equilibrium state (between attenuation and recovery) is reached with some degree of darkening.
 On the contrary if the dose rate is high, the utility of fiber depends on the overall induced attenuation and the recovery time.
 Understanding these radiation induced effects is important particularly for space based applications where optical fibers are being considered for use in increasing number of applications. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Kwabena Joseph "Joetex" Asamoah Frimpong (born 17 April 1982 in Mampong ) is a retired Ghanaian professional football striker 

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Paragraph 2 

 Epineurial repair is a common surgical procedure to repair a nerve laceration via the epineurium, the connective tissue surrounding nerve fibers originating from the spinal cord.
 It is intended to allow the restoration of sensory function.
 When a nerve is lacerated or cut, repair is done by sewing the cut ends together through the epineurium to increase the potential of the proximal part growing correctly along the route the degrading distal part leaves behind.
 Usual sensation and mobility will not be an immediate result because nerves grow at a rate of approximately 1 millimeter per day, so it will take a few months to notice the final outcome.
 Research in use of nerve grafts and nerve growth factors is being done to speed recovery time. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 Kwadwo "Kojo" Asamoah , ; born 9 December 1988 in Accra) is a Ghanaian professional footballer, who plays as a left midfielder, left wing-back or as an offensive central midfielder for Italian club Juventus and the Ghana national football team. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 (Etymology: L, saeptum, septum; Gk, πλάσσειν plassein – to shape), or alternatively submucous septal resection and septal reconstruction, is a corrective surgical procedure done to straighten the nasal septum, the partition between the two nasal cavities.
 Ideally, the septum should run down the center of the nose.
 When it deviates into one of the cavities, it narrows that cavity and impedes airflow.
 Deviated nasal septum or “crooked” internal nose can occur at childbirth or as the result of an injury or other trauma.
 If the wall that functions as a separator of both sides of the nose is tilted towards one side at a degree greater than 50%, it might cause difficulty breathing.
 Often the inferior turbinate on the opposite side enlarges, which is termed "compensatory hypertrophy".
 Deviations of the septum can lead to nasal obstruction.
 Most surgeries are completed in 60 minutes or less, while the recovery time could be up to several weeks.
 Septoplasty is sometimes done with rhinoplasty for cosmetic correction of the deformities of the external nasal framework. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Mariana Kovacevic is a Serbian traditional healer who has specialized in the use of horse placenta treatment to heal athletes.
 During the duration of the 2012 African Cup of Nations in Gabon and Equatorial Guinea she used the horse placenta treatment to heal Ghana's Asamoah Gyan, who had been injured and was supposed to be off football for four weeks.
 She is reported to have nursed him back to health in four hours.
 She was also reportedly enlisted by the Serbia during the world of 2010 in south Africa.
 Other footballers who are reported to have been treated by Mariana include Pablo Zabaleta, Vincent Kompany, Nigel de Jong and Robin Van Persie of Manchester United.
 There has been some doubt as to whether Mariana's therapies work.
 But more footballers are turning to her for help. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 Kennedy Asamoah Boateng (born 30 November 1989) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a forward for Borac Čačak in the Serbian SuperLiga.
 His name has also appeared as Asomon Kenet and Kenneth Asamoah. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Asamoah Gyan ( , , born 22 November 1985 in Accra) is a Ghanaian professional footballer who plays as a striker for Kayserispor and captains the Ghanaian national team. 

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Answer: horse placenta