title: On Physical Lines of Force
Charge conservation
Electric generator
Cavendish experiment
Faraday's ice pail experiment
Michael Faraday
Gold (1934 film)
John Tatum (scientist)
Faraday Prize (disambiguation)
Faraday (disambiguation)
sentences: "On Physical Lines of Force" is a famous four-part paper written by James Clerk Maxwell published between 1861 and 1862.
 In it, Maxwell derived the equations of electromagnetism in conjunction with a "sea" of "molecular vortices" which he used to model Faraday's lines of force.
 Maxwell had studied and commented on the field of electricity and magnetism as early as 1855/6 when "On Faraday's Lines of Force" was read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society.
 Maxwell made an analogy between the density of this medium and the magnetic permeability, as well as an analogy between the transverse elasticity and the dielectric constant, and using the results of a prior experiment by Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch performed in 1856, he established a connection between the speed of light and the speed of propagation of waves in this medium.
In physics, charge conservation is the principle that electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed.
 The net quantity of electric charge, the amount of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge in the universe, is always "conserved".
 Charge conservation was first proposed by British scientist William Watson in 1746 and American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin in 1747, although the first convincing proof was given by Michael Faraday in 1843.
In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power into electrical power for use in an external circuit.
 Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines and even hand cranks.
 The first electromagnetic generator, the Faraday disk, was built in 1831 by British scientist Michael Faraday.
 Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids.
The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by British scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant.
 Because of the unit conventions then in use, the gravitational constant does not appear explicitly in Cavendish's work.
 Instead, the result was originally expressed as the specific gravity of the Earth, or equivalently the mass of the Earth.
 His experiment gave the first accurate values for these geophysical constants.
Faraday's ice pail experiment is a simple electrostatics experiment performed in 1843 by British scientist Michael Faraday that demonstrates the effect of electrostatic induction on a conducting container.
 For a container, Faraday used a metal pail made to hold ice, which gave the experiment its name.
 The experiment shows that an electric charge enclosed inside a conducting shell induces an equal charge on the shell, and that in an electrically conducting body, the charge resides entirely on the surface.
 It also demonstrates the principles behind electromagnetic shielding such as employed in the "Faraday cage".
 The ice pail experiment was the first precise "quantitative" experiment on electrostatic charge.
 It is still used today in lecture demonstrations and physics laboratory courses to teach the principles of electrostatics.
Michael Faraday FRS ( ; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
 His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis.
Gold is a 1934 German science fiction film directed by Karl Hartl.
 The film involves a British scientist who is attempting to create a device that turns base materials into gold.
 He later forces the German scientist's assistant Werner Holk (Hans Albers), who was working on a similar experiment, to come to his underwater nuclear reactor to help him.
John Tatum (1772 – 1858) was a British scientist and philosopher and a London silversmith by trade.
 He was the founder, in 1808, of the City Philosophical Society where Michael Faraday and other scientists received inspiration.
The Faraday Prize, named after British scientist Michael Faraday, can refer to:
Michael Faraday was an early 19th-century British scientist (physicist and chemist).

Question: Question: The British scientist who performed Faraday's ice pail experiment in 1843 was born on what date? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 "On Physical Lines of Force" is a famous four-part paper written by James Clerk Maxwell published between 1861 and 1862.
 In it, Maxwell derived the equations of electromagnetism in conjunction with a "sea" of "molecular vortices" which he used to model Faraday's lines of force.
 Maxwell had studied and commented on the field of electricity and magnetism as early as 1855/6 when "On Faraday's Lines of Force" was read to the Cambridge Philosophical Society.
 Maxwell made an analogy between the density of this medium and the magnetic permeability, as well as an analogy between the transverse elasticity and the dielectric constant, and using the results of a prior experiment by Wilhelm Eduard Weber and Rudolf Kohlrausch performed in 1856, he established a connection between the speed of light and the speed of propagation of waves in this medium. 

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Paragraph 1 

 In physics, charge conservation is the principle that electric charge can neither be created nor destroyed.
 The net quantity of electric charge, the amount of positive charge minus the amount of negative charge in the universe, is always "conserved".
 Charge conservation was first proposed by British scientist William Watson in 1746 and American statesman and scientist Benjamin Franklin in 1747, although the first convincing proof was given by Michael Faraday in 1843. 

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Paragraph 2 

 In electricity generation, a generator is a device that converts motive power into electrical power for use in an external circuit.
 Sources of mechanical energy include steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion engines and even hand cranks.
 The first electromagnetic generator, the Faraday disk, was built in 1831 by British scientist Michael Faraday.
 Generators provide nearly all of the power for electric power grids. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 The Cavendish experiment, performed in 1797–1798 by British scientist Henry Cavendish, was the first experiment to measure the force of gravity between masses in the laboratory and the first to yield accurate values for the gravitational constant.
 Because of the unit conventions then in use, the gravitational constant does not appear explicitly in Cavendish's work.
 Instead, the result was originally expressed as the specific gravity of the Earth, or equivalently the mass of the Earth.
 His experiment gave the first accurate values for these geophysical constants. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 Faraday's ice pail experiment is a simple electrostatics experiment performed in 1843 by British scientist Michael Faraday that demonstrates the effect of electrostatic induction on a conducting container.
 For a container, Faraday used a metal pail made to hold ice, which gave the experiment its name.
 The experiment shows that an electric charge enclosed inside a conducting shell induces an equal charge on the shell, and that in an electrically conducting body, the charge resides entirely on the surface.
 It also demonstrates the principles behind electromagnetic shielding such as employed in the "Faraday cage".
 The ice pail experiment was the first precise "quantitative" experiment on electrostatic charge.
 It is still used today in lecture demonstrations and physics laboratory courses to teach the principles of electrostatics. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Michael Faraday FRS ( ; 22 September 1791 – 25 August 1867) was an English scientist who contributed to the study of electromagnetism and electrochemistry.
 His main discoveries include the principles underlying electromagnetic induction, diamagnetism and electrolysis. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 John Tatum (1772 – 1858) was a British scientist and philosopher and a London silversmith by trade.
 He was the founder, in 1808, of the City Philosophical Society where Michael Faraday and other scientists received inspiration. 

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Paragraph 7 

 Michael Faraday was an early 19th-century British scientist (physicist and chemist). 

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Answer: 22 September 1791