title: Moynihan Commission on Government Secrecy
Alasdair Roberts (academic)
Steven Aftergood
Secrecy (film)
Bryan Bender
Mark Zaid
National Security Archive
Daniel Patrick Moynihan
Ragtime (code name)
Ted Gup
sentences: The Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, also called the Moynihan Secrecy Commission, after its chairman, U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, was a bipartisan statutory commission in the United States.
 It was created under Title IX of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (P.L. 103-236 SEC. 900) to conduct "an investigation into all matters in any way related to any legislation, executive order, regulation, practice, or procedure relating to classified information or granting security clearances" and to submit a final report with recommendations.
 The Commission's investigation of government secrecy was the first authorized by statute since the Wright Commission on Government Security issued its report in 1957.
Alasdair S. Roberts (born 1961) is a Canadian professor at the Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, and author of articles and books on public policy issues, especially relating to government secrecy and the exercise of government authority.
Steven Aftergood (born 1956 in Los Angeles) is a specialist in physics and a political activist.
 He is a critic of U.S. government secrecy, generally favoring more openness.
 He directs the Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy and is the author of the Federation blog/newsletter "Secrecy News".
Secrecy is a 2008 documentary film directed by Harvard University professors Peter Galison and Robb Moss.
 According to its website, it "is a film about the vast, invisible world of government secrecy," and features interviews with a variety of people on all sides of the secrecy issue, including Steven Aftergood (of Federation of American Scientists), Tom Blanton (of the National Security Archive), James B. Bruce (who was a senior staff member to the Iraq Intelligence Commission), Barton Gellman (a "Washington Post" journalist), Melissa Boyle Mahle (a former CIA officer), the plaintiffs in "United States v. Reynolds" (1953) (the case which established the State Secrets Privilege in the United States), Siegfried Hecker (former director of Los Alamos National Laboratory), Mike Levin (a former member of the National Security Agency), and Neal Katyal and Charles Swift (the lawyers for the defendant in "Hamdan v. Rumsfeld").
Bryan Bender (born 1972) is an American journalist.
 Bender is the defense editor for POLITICO Pro ; previously a D.C.-based reporter for the Boston Globe and Jane’s Defence Weekly, he covered U.S. military operations in the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, and the Balkans.
 He also writes about terrorism, the international arms trade, and government secrecy.
 He is author "You Are Not Forgotten", the story of an Iraq War veteran’s search for a missing World War II fighter pilot in the jungles of New Guinea.
 He is a board member of the Military Reporters and Editors Association.
Mark S. Zaid is a Washington DC attorney, with a practice focus on national security law, free speech constitutional claims and government accountability.
 He was named as a 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 DC Superlawyer for his work on behalf of national security whistleblowers.
 He founded the James Madison Project in 1998, an organization dedicated to reduce government secrecy.
 It is interested in the Freedom of Information Act and government whistleblowers.
 He is the co-editor of "Litigation Under the Federal Open Government Laws".
The National Security Archive is a 501(c)(3) non-governmental, non-profit research and archival institution located on the campus of the George Washington University in Washington, D.C. Founded in 1985 to check rising government secrecy, the National Security Archive is an investigative journalism center, open government advocate, international affairs research institute, and is the largest repository of declassified U.S. documents outside of the federal government.
 The National Security Archive has spurred the declassification of more than 10 million pages of government documents by being the leading non-profit user of the U.S. Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), filing a total of more than 50,000 FOIA and declassification requests in its nearly 30-year history.
Daniel Patrick "Pat" Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American politician, sociologist, and diplomat.
 A member of the Democratic Party, he represented New York in the United States Senate and served as an adviser to Republican President Richard Nixon.
Ragtime or RAGTIME is the code name of four secret surveillance programs conducted by the National Security Agency (NSA) of the United States.
 These programs date back to at least 2002 and were revealed in March 2013 in the book "Deep State: Inside the Government Secrecy Industry", by Marc Ambinder and D.B. Grady.
Ted Gup (born September 14, 1950) is a writer known for his work on government secrecy.
 He is the author of three books, including "The Book of Honor: Covert Lives and Classified Deaths at the CIA," which told the stories of previously unnamed CIA officers killed in the line of duty.

Question: Question: What president did the chairman of the Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy serve as an advisor to? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 The Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy, also called the Moynihan Secrecy Commission, after its chairman, U.S. Senator Daniel Patrick Moynihan, was a bipartisan statutory commission in the United States.
 It was created under Title IX of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act for Fiscal Years 1994 and 1995 (P.L. 103-236 SEC. 900) to conduct "an investigation into all matters in any way related to any legislation, executive order, regulation, practice, or procedure relating to classified information or granting security clearances" and to submit a final report with recommendations.
 The Commission's investigation of government secrecy was the first authorized by statute since the Wright Commission on Government Security issued its report in 1957. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Alasdair S. Roberts (born 1961) is a Canadian professor at the Truman School of Public Affairs, University of Missouri, and author of articles and books on public policy issues, especially relating to government secrecy and the exercise of government authority. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Steven Aftergood (born 1956 in Los Angeles) is a specialist in physics and a political activist.
 He is a critic of U.S. government secrecy, generally favoring more openness.
 He directs the Federation of American Scientists Project on Government Secrecy and is the author of the Federation blog/newsletter "Secrecy News". 

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Paragraph 3 

 Secrecy is a 2008 documentary film directed by Harvard University professors Peter Galison and Robb Moss.
 According to its website, it "is a film about the vast, invisible world of government secrecy," and features interviews with a variety of people on all sides of the secrecy issue, including Steven Aftergood (of Federation of American Scientists), Tom Blanton (of the National Security Archive), James B. Bruce (who was a senior staff member to the Iraq Intelligence Commission), Barton Gellman (a "Washington Post" journalist), Melissa Boyle Mahle (a former CIA officer), the plaintiffs in "United States v. Reynolds" (1953) (the case which established the State Secrets Privilege in the United States), Siegfried Hecker (former director of Los Alamos National Laboratory), Mike Levin (a former member of the National Security Agency), and Neal Katyal and Charles Swift (the lawyers for the defendant in "Hamdan v. Rumsfeld"). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 Bryan Bender (born 1972) is an American journalist.
 Bender is the defense editor for POLITICO Pro ; previously a D.C.-based reporter for the Boston Globe and Jane’s Defence Weekly, he covered U.S. military operations in the Middle East, Asia, Latin America, and the Balkans.
 He also writes about terrorism, the international arms trade, and government secrecy.
 He is author "You Are Not Forgotten", the story of an Iraq War veteran’s search for a missing World War II fighter pilot in the jungles of New Guinea.
 He is a board member of the Military Reporters and Editors Association. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Mark S. Zaid is a Washington DC attorney, with a practice focus on national security law, free speech constitutional claims and government accountability.
 He was named as a 2009, 2010, 2011, and 2012 DC Superlawyer for his work on behalf of national security whistleblowers.
 He founded the James Madison Project in 1998, an organization dedicated to reduce government secrecy.
 It is interested in the Freedom of Information Act and government whistleblowers.
 He is the co-editor of "Litigation Under the Federal Open Government Laws". 

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Paragraph 6 

 Daniel Patrick "Pat" Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was an American politician, sociologist, and diplomat.
 A member of the Democratic Party, he represented New York in the United States Senate and served as an adviser to Republican President Richard Nixon. 

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Paragraph 7 

 Ted Gup (born September 14, 1950) is a writer known for his work on government secrecy.
 He is the author of three books, including "The Book of Honor: Covert Lives and Classified Deaths at the CIA," which told the stories of previously unnamed CIA officers killed in the line of duty. 

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Answer: Richard Nixon