title: Hail to Bermuda
Giovinezza
List of historical national anthems
National anthem of Norway
God Save the Queen
Jamaica, Land We Love
Wilhelmus
National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina
U.S. national anthem protests
Ala Khallidi
sentences: "Hail to Bermuda" is the national song of Bermuda, written by Bette Johns.
 The official anthem is the national anthem of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen", as the island is a British overseas territory.
"Giovinezza" (] ; Italian for "youth") is the official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party, regime, and army, and was the unofficial national anthem of Italy between 1924 and 1943.
 Although often sung with the official national anthem Marcia Reale, some sources consider Giovinezza to have supplanted the Royal March as the "de facto" national anthem ("Inno della Patria") of Italy, to the dismay of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy—a powerful symbol of the diarchy between the King and Mussolini.
 It was subsequently the official anthem of the Italian Social Republic.
The oldest national anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism", is the Dutch national anthem "Het Wilhelmus", which was written between 1568 and 1572, but not then given any official status.
 The first anthem to be officially proclaimed as such was "God Save The Queen", adopted by Great Britain in 1745.
 "Het Wilhelmus" was declared the national anthem of the Netherlands in 1932; both of these anthems remain in use today.
 A royal or imperial anthem is a song that is similar in patriotic character to a national anthem, but which specifically praises a monarch, or royal dynasty.
 Some states have doubled their royal or imperial anthem as their national anthem.
Norway does not have an official national anthem, but over the last 200 years, a number of anthems have been commonly regarded as "de facto" national anthems.
 At times, multiple anthems have enjoyed this status simultaneously.
 Today, the anthem "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" is the most recognised national anthem, but until the early 20th century, "Sønner av Norge" occupied this position.
"God Save the Queen" (alternatively "God Save the King", depending on the gender of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown Dependencies.
 The author of the tune is unknown and it may originate in plainchant, but a 1619 attribution to John Bull is sometimes made.
"Jamaica, Land We Love" is the official national anthem of Jamaica, adopted in July 1962.
 The anthem was chosen after a competition from September 1961 until 31 March 1962, in which, the lyrics of the national anthem were selected by Jamaica's Houses of Parliament.
 When Jamaica was granted independence on 6 August 1962, "Jamaica, Land We Love" continued to be officially used as the national anthem.
Wilhelmus van Nassouwe, usually known just as the Wilhelmus (Dutch: "Het Wilhelmus" ; ] ; English translation: the "William"), is the national anthem of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
 It dates back to at least 1572, making it the oldest known national anthem in the world.
 The national anthem of Japan, Kimigayo, has the oldest lyrics, dating from the 9th century.
 However, a melody was added only in the late 19th century, making it a poem rather than an anthem for most of its lifespan.
 Although the "Wilhelmus" was not recognised as the official national anthem until 1932, it has always been popular with parts of the Dutch population and resurfaced on several occasions in the course of Dutch history before gaining its present status.
 It was also the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954 to 1964.
The National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina (Bosnian, Croatian and Serbian: "Državna himna Bosne i Hercegovine" / Државна химна Босне и Херцеговине), is the name of the official national anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
 It is one of the four national anthems (along with that of Kosovo, Spain and San Marino) in the world to have no official lyrics.
 The anthem was adopted on 25 June 1999, by the promulgation of the Law on the National Anthem of Bosnia and Herzegovina, replacing the previous anthem, "Jedna si jedina", which excluded the country's Serb and Croat communities, this despite the fact that the text does not mention any nationality.
 It was in use from 10 February 1998, as the flag and coat of arms.
U.S. national anthem protests are protests during a broadcast of the United States National Anthem.
 These protests have many causes, including civil rights, anti-conscription and anti-war, anti-nationalism, and religious reservations. "
The Star-Spangled Banner" was adopted as the official national anthem by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931.
 Before that time, a number of songs were used as unofficial national anthems, including "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" and "Hail, Columbia".
"’Alā Khallidī" (Arabic: ألا خلّدي‎ ‎ ) is the former national anthem of Tunisia.
 It was sung during the Presidency of Habib Bourguiba until his downfall in 1987. "
Humat al-Hima" was temporarily used as a national anthem between the end of the monarchy on 25 July 1957 and the adoption of "Ala Khallidi" as the official national anthem.
 In 1958, the Ministry of Education organized a competition, in which 53 poets and 23 musicians took part.
 The results were examined first by a commission of the Board of Education, which selected the submissions of the hymn poet Jalaleddine Naccache (1910–1989) and the composer and director of the Conservatoire of Tunis Salah El Mahdi (1925-2014).
 The works were presented to the president without announcing the selection that already been made.
 He selected the same version as the commission had.
 In order to be completely sure, another larger popular assembly was held in Monastir, the birth city of the president, and all 23 melodies were played.
 But then, the song by Naccache and El Mahdi won and was formally adopted during Independence Day, 20 March that same year.

Question: Question: Who is sometimes considered the author of the official national anthem of Bermuda? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 "Hail to Bermuda" is the national song of Bermuda, written by Bette Johns.
 The official anthem is the national anthem of the United Kingdom, "God Save the Queen", as the island is a British overseas territory. 

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Paragraph 1 

 "Giovinezza" (] ; Italian for "youth") is the official hymn of the Italian National Fascist Party, regime, and army, and was the unofficial national anthem of Italy between 1924 and 1943.
 Although often sung with the official national anthem Marcia Reale, some sources consider Giovinezza to have supplanted the Royal March as the "de facto" national anthem ("Inno della Patria") of Italy, to the dismay of Victor Emmanuel III of Italy—a powerful symbol of the diarchy between the King and Mussolini.
 It was subsequently the official anthem of the Italian Social Republic. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 The oldest national anthem, defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism", is the Dutch national anthem "Het Wilhelmus", which was written between 1568 and 1572, but not then given any official status.
 The first anthem to be officially proclaimed as such was "God Save The Queen", adopted by Great Britain in 1745.
 "Het Wilhelmus" was declared the national anthem of the Netherlands in 1932; both of these anthems remain in use today.
 A royal or imperial anthem is a song that is similar in patriotic character to a national anthem, but which specifically praises a monarch, or royal dynasty.
 Some states have doubled their royal or imperial anthem as their national anthem. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 Norway does not have an official national anthem, but over the last 200 years, a number of anthems have been commonly regarded as "de facto" national anthems.
 At times, multiple anthems have enjoyed this status simultaneously.
 Today, the anthem "Ja, vi elsker dette landet" is the most recognised national anthem, but until the early 20th century, "Sønner av Norge" occupied this position. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 "God Save the Queen" (alternatively "God Save the King", depending on the gender of the reigning monarch) is the national or royal anthem in a number of Commonwealth realms, their territories, and the British Crown Dependencies.
 The author of the tune is unknown and it may originate in plainchant, but a 1619 attribution to John Bull is sometimes made. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 "Jamaica, Land We Love" is the official national anthem of Jamaica, adopted in July 1962.
 The anthem was chosen after a competition from September 1961 until 31 March 1962, in which, the lyrics of the national anthem were selected by Jamaica's Houses of Parliament.
 When Jamaica was granted independence on 6 August 1962, "Jamaica, Land We Love" continued to be officially used as the national anthem. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 Wilhelmus van Nassouwe, usually known just as the Wilhelmus (Dutch: "Het Wilhelmus" ; ] ; English translation: the "William"), is the national anthem of the Kingdom of the Netherlands.
 It dates back to at least 1572, making it the oldest known national anthem in the world.
 The national anthem of Japan, Kimigayo, has the oldest lyrics, dating from the 9th century.
 However, a melody was added only in the late 19th century, making it a poem rather than an anthem for most of its lifespan.
 Although the "Wilhelmus" was not recognised as the official national anthem until 1932, it has always been popular with parts of the Dutch population and resurfaced on several occasions in the course of Dutch history before gaining its present status.
 It was also the anthem of the Netherlands Antilles from 1954 to 1964. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 U.S. national anthem protests are protests during a broadcast of the United States National Anthem.
 These protests have many causes, including civil rights, anti-conscription and anti-war, anti-nationalism, and religious reservations. "
The Star-Spangled Banner" was adopted as the official national anthem by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in 1916, and was made the national anthem by a congressional resolution on March 3, 1931.
 Before that time, a number of songs were used as unofficial national anthems, including "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" and "Hail, Columbia". 

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Answer: John Bull