title: Attorney General v Blake
Dick Ellis
First Chief Directorate
Ardeshir Reporter
Edith Tudor-Hart
Johnny Jebsen
John Cairncross
Operation Silver (1949)
Arnold Deutsch
Kim Philby
sentences: George Blake was a former member of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1944 to 1961.
 For his employment contract, he had signed an Official Secrets Act 1911 declaration to disclose no information about his work.
 It applied after his employment ceased.
 In 1951, he became a Soviet agent, thus, being a double agent.
 He was discovered in 1961 and the British government imprisoned him in Wormwood Scrubs (HM Prison).
 He escaped in 1966 and fled to the Soviet Union.
 He wrote a book about it and his secret services work called "No Other Choice".
 He received a publishing contract for its release in 1989, with Jonathan Cape Ltd.
 The information in the book was no longer confidential.
 Blake received advanced payments and was entitled to more.
 The Crown brought an action for all the profits he made on the book including those that he had not yet received.
 It argued a restitutionary principle should apply.
Charles Howard Ellis {'1': ", '2': ", '3': ", '4': "} (1895–1975), better known as Dick Ellis, was an Australian-born British intelligence officer, who is alleged to have also been a double agent for Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union.
 According to Nigel West the SIS believed that Ellis had been a Nazi spy.
 Ellis was accused by Chapman Pincher of being a traitor.
 During the 1980s, Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher's refusal to confirm or deny Pincher's allegation caused distress to the Ellis family.
The First Main Directorate (or First Chief Directorate, Russian: Первое главное управление, "Pervoye glavnoye upravleniye") of the Committee for State Security of the USSR (PGU KGB) was the organization responsible for foreign operations and intelligence activities by providing for the training and management of covert agents, intelligence collection administration, and the acquisition of foreign and domestic political, scientific and technical intelligence in the Soviet Union.
 The First Chief Directorate was formed within the KGB directorate in 1954, and after the collapse of the Soviet Union was renamed as the Central Intelligence Service and finally the Foreign Intelligence Service (SVR RF).
 Although the agency "SVR" restyle in 1991 implies a generic overseas surveillance activity, the primary foreign intelligence service in Russia and the Soviet Union has been the GRU, a military intelligence organization and special operations force shrouded in secrecy, most famed for stealing the blueprints of the atomic bomb during the Manhattan Project and barring entry into its headquarters to anyone, even the leader of the Soviet Union proper, without a formal authentication.
Sir Ardeshir Reporter was born in a Zoroastrian Parsee family in Bombay on August 22, 1865.
 He was a secret British Intelligence agent in Iran for many years.
 In fact, he lived and worked in Iran as a secret British Intelligence agent since 1893.
 He came to Iran under the cover of Times' reporter.
 It was he who introduced General Ironside to Reza Khan, and it was Ironside who encouraged Reza Khan to seize power.
 According to his own will, he was the one, who discovered Reza Khan and guided him in the coup on February 22, 1921.
 Therefore he was instrumental in Reza Khan’s 1921 military coup and the consequent establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty and enthronement of Reza Shah in Iran in 1925.
 Ardeshir Reporter died in Tehran in 1933.
 His son, Shapoor Reporter, was also a secret agent of the British Intelligence Service in Iran who served the Pahlavi family after Reza Shah's death.
Edith Tudor-Hart (née Edith Suschitzky; 1908–1973) was an Austrian-British photographer, communist-sympathiser and spy for the Soviet Union.
 Some of her work is in the National Gallery in London.
 Brought up in a family of socialists, she trained in photography at Walter Gropius's Bauhaus in Dessau, and carried her political ideals through her art.
 Through her connections with Arnold Deutsch, Tudor-Hart was instrumental in the recruiting of the Cambridge Spy ring which damaged British intelligence from World War II until their discovery in the late 1960s.
 She recommended Litzi Friedmann and Kim Philby for recruitment by the KGB and acted as an intermediary for Anthony Blunt and Bob Stewart when the "rezidentura" at the Soviet Embassy in London suspended its operations in February 1940.
<ref name="Guardian 21/8/2015">The Guardian", 21 August 2015, "How MI5 failed to expose matriarch of Cambridge spy ring" by Ian Cobain</ref>
Johann-Nielsen Jebsen, Nickname "Johnny", was an anti-Nazi German intelligence officer and British double agent (code name Artist) during the Second World War.
 Jebsen recruited Dušan Popov (who became the British agent Tricycle) to the Abwehr and through him later joined the Allied cause.
 Kidnapped from Lisbon by the Germans shortly before D-Day, Jebsen was tortured in prison and spent time in a concentration camp before disappearing, presumed killed, at the end of the war.
John Cairncross (25 July 1913 – 8 October 1995) was a British civil servant who became an intelligence officer and spy during the Second World War.
 As a Soviet double agent, he passed to the Soviet Union the raw Tunny decrypts that influenced the Battle of Kursk.
 He was alleged to be the fifth member of the Cambridge Five.
Operation Silver was a British intelligence operation in Allied-occupied Austria which ran from 1949 to 1955 that covertly tapped into the landline communications of the Soviet Army headquarters in Vienna.
 Although the operation was considered a success, the details of it were passed on to the KGB in October 1953 by George Blake, a British double agent.
Arnold Deutsch (1903–1942?)
, variously described as Austrian, Czech or Hungarian, was an academic who worked as a Soviet spy, best known for having recruited Kim Philby.
 Much of his life remains unknown or disputed.
Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union in 1963.
 He served as both an NKVD and KGB operative.

Question: Question: What British intelligence officer worked as a double agent for the Soviet Union and was recruited by Arnold Deutsch? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 George Blake was a former member of the Secret Intelligence Service (MI6) from 1944 to 1961.
 For his employment contract, he had signed an Official Secrets Act 1911 declaration to disclose no information about his work.
 It applied after his employment ceased.
 In 1951, he became a Soviet agent, thus, being a double agent.
 He was discovered in 1961 and the British government imprisoned him in Wormwood Scrubs (HM Prison).
 He escaped in 1966 and fled to the Soviet Union.
 He wrote a book about it and his secret services work called "No Other Choice".
 He received a publishing contract for its release in 1989, with Jonathan Cape Ltd.
 The information in the book was no longer confidential.
 Blake received advanced payments and was entitled to more.
 The Crown brought an action for all the profits he made on the book including those that he had not yet received.
 It argued a restitutionary principle should apply. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 Sir Ardeshir Reporter was born in a Zoroastrian Parsee family in Bombay on August 22, 1865.
 He was a secret British Intelligence agent in Iran for many years.
 In fact, he lived and worked in Iran as a secret British Intelligence agent since 1893.
 He came to Iran under the cover of Times' reporter.
 It was he who introduced General Ironside to Reza Khan, and it was Ironside who encouraged Reza Khan to seize power.
 According to his own will, he was the one, who discovered Reza Khan and guided him in the coup on February 22, 1921.
 Therefore he was instrumental in Reza Khan’s 1921 military coup and the consequent establishment of the Pahlavi dynasty and enthronement of Reza Shah in Iran in 1925.
 Ardeshir Reporter died in Tehran in 1933.
 His son, Shapoor Reporter, was also a secret agent of the British Intelligence Service in Iran who served the Pahlavi family after Reza Shah's death. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 Edith Tudor-Hart (née Edith Suschitzky; 1908–1973) was an Austrian-British photographer, communist-sympathiser and spy for the Soviet Union.
 Some of her work is in the National Gallery in London.
 Brought up in a family of socialists, she trained in photography at Walter Gropius's Bauhaus in Dessau, and carried her political ideals through her art.
 Through her connections with Arnold Deutsch, Tudor-Hart was instrumental in the recruiting of the Cambridge Spy ring which damaged British intelligence from World War II until their discovery in the late 1960s.
 She recommended Litzi Friedmann and Kim Philby for recruitment by the KGB and acted as an intermediary for Anthony Blunt and Bob Stewart when the "rezidentura" at the Soviet Embassy in London suspended its operations in February 1940.
<ref name="Guardian 21/8/2015">The Guardian", 21 August 2015, "How MI5 failed to expose matriarch of Cambridge spy ring" by Ian Cobain</ref> 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 Johann-Nielsen Jebsen, Nickname "Johnny", was an anti-Nazi German intelligence officer and British double agent (code name Artist) during the Second World War.
 Jebsen recruited Dušan Popov (who became the British agent Tricycle) to the Abwehr and through him later joined the Allied cause.
 Kidnapped from Lisbon by the Germans shortly before D-Day, Jebsen was tortured in prison and spent time in a concentration camp before disappearing, presumed killed, at the end of the war. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 John Cairncross (25 July 1913 – 8 October 1995) was a British civil servant who became an intelligence officer and spy during the Second World War.
 As a Soviet double agent, he passed to the Soviet Union the raw Tunny decrypts that influenced the Battle of Kursk.
 He was alleged to be the fifth member of the Cambridge Five. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Operation Silver was a British intelligence operation in Allied-occupied Austria which ran from 1949 to 1955 that covertly tapped into the landline communications of the Soviet Army headquarters in Vienna.
 Although the operation was considered a success, the details of it were passed on to the KGB in October 1953 by George Blake, a British double agent. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 Arnold Deutsch (1903–1942?)
, variously described as Austrian, Czech or Hungarian, was an academic who worked as a Soviet spy, best known for having recruited Kim Philby.
 Much of his life remains unknown or disputed. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Harold Adrian Russell "Kim" Philby (1 January 1912 – 11 May 1988) was a high-ranking member of British intelligence who worked as a double agent before defecting to the Soviet Union in 1963.
 He served as both an NKVD and KGB operative. 

--------------------------------

 


Answer: Kim Philby