title: List of sunken aircraft carriers
Type 001A aircraft carrier
USS Yorktown (CV-5)
HMCS Bonaventure (CVL 22)
Type 002 aircraft carrier
Escort carrier
Dixie Kiefer
USS Midway (CV-41)
HMS Ark Royal (R09)
Kenneth Whiting
sentences: With the advent of heavier-than-air flight, the aircraft carrier has become a decisive weapon at sea.
 In 1911 aircraft began to be successfully launched and landed on ships with the successful flight of a Curtiss Pusher aboard the USS "Pennsylvania".
 The British Royal Navy pioneered the first aircraft carrier as floatplanes, as flying boats under performed compared to traditional land based aircraft.
 The first true aircraft carrier was the HMS "Argus" , launched in late 1917 with a complement of 20 aircraft, a flight deck of 550 ft and 68 ft wide.
 The last aircraft carrier sunk in wartime was the Japanese carrier "Amagi", in Kure Harbour in July 1945.
 The greatest loss of life was the 2,046 killed on the "Akitsu Maru"—a converted passenger liner with a small flight deck, carrying the Imperial Japanese Army's 64th Infantry Regiment.
The Type 001A aircraft carrier or CV-17 aircraft carrier is a Chinese aircraft carrier that was launched on 26 April 2017 for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of China.
 It is the country's second aircraft carrier after the completion of "Liaoning" , and the first built domestically.
USS "Yorktown" (CV-5) was an aircraft carrier commissioned in the United States Navy from 1937 until she was sunk at the Battle of Midway in June 1942.
 She was named after the Battle of Yorktown in 1781 and the lead ship of the "Yorktown" class which was designed after lessons learned from operations with the large converted battlecruiser "Lexington" class and the smaller purpose-built USS "Ranger" .
 She represented the epitome of U.S. pre-war carrier design.
HMCS "Bonaventure" (CVL 22) was a "Majestic"-class aircraft carrier that served in the Royal Canadian Navy and the successor Canadian Forces Maritime Command from 1957 to 1970 and was the third and the last aircraft carrier to serve Canada's military.
 The ship was laid down for the British Royal Navy as  in November 1943 but work was suspended in 1946 following the end of the Second World War.
 At the time of purchase, the Canadian Navy required new aircraft carrier technologies be incorporated.
 "Bonaventure" never saw combat during her career; however, she was involved in major NATO fleet-at-sea patrol during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
The Type 002 aircraft carrier is a second generation Chinese aircraft carrier design.
 The ship will be the first Chinese aircraft carrier to be equipped with a catapult.
 According to the latest report, the construction of this carrier has been rescheduled for a decision on the catapults, where the latest competition results suggested that steam catapults will be used in the Type 002 aircraft carrier.
 The addition of aircraft catapult will give China the ability to launch various fixed wing support aircraft like airborne early warning (AEW) and carrier onboard delivery aircraft.
 Fighters can also be launched at full combat load and reach its full potential unlike current Type 001 aircraft carriers operated by Chinese navy.
The escort carrier or escort aircraft carrier (hull classification symbol CVE), also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the United States Navy (USN) or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slow type of aircraft carrier used by the Royal Navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, and the United States Navy in World War II.
 They were typically half the length and a third the displacement of larger fleet carriers.
 While they were slower, carried fewer planes and were less well armed and armored, escort carriers were cheaper and could be built quickly, which was their principal advantage.
 Escort carriers could be completed in greater numbers as a stop-gap when fleet carriers were scarce.
 However, the lack of protection made escort carriers particularly vulnerable and several were sunk with great loss of life.
 The light carrier (hull classification symbol CVL) was a similar concept to escort carriers in most respects, but were capable of higher speeds to allow operation alongside fleet carriers.
Dixie Kiefer (April 5, 1896 – November 11, 1945) was a United States Navy officer who served during World War II as Executive Officer of USS "Yorktown" and commanding officer of USS "Ticonderoga".
 He was one of the Navy's best known figures during the war.
USS "Midway" (CVB/CVA/CV-41) was an aircraft carrier of the United States Navy, the lead ship of her class.
 Commissioned a week after the end of World War II, "Midway" was the largest ship in the world until 1955, as well as the first U.S. aircraft carrier too big to transit the Panama Canal.
 A revolutionary hull design, based on the planned "Montana"-class battleship , gave her enhanced protection compared to previous carriers.
 She operated for 47 years, during which time she saw action in the Vietnam War and served as the Persian Gulf flagship in 1991's Operation Desert Storm.
 Decommissioned in 1992, she is now a museum ship at the USS "Midway" Museum, in San Diego, California, and the only remaining U.S. aircraft carrier commissioned right after World War II ended that was not an "Essex"-class aircraft carrier .
HMS "Ark Royal" (R09) was an "Audacious"-class aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy and, when she was decommissioned in 1979, was the Royal Navy's last remaining conventional catapult and arrested-landing aircraft carrier.
 She was the first aircraft carrier to be equipped with angled flight deck at its commissioning; her sister ship, HMS "Eagle" , was the Royal Navy's first angle-decked aircraft carrier after modification in 1954.
Kenneth Whiting (22 July 1881 – 24 April 1943) was a United States Navy officer who was a pioneer in submarines and is best known for his lengthy career as a pioneering naval aviator.
 During World War I, he commanded the first American military force to arrive in Europe for combat.
 After the war, he was instrumental in development of the aircraft carrier in the United States, where he sometimes is known as the U.S. Navy' s "father of the aircraft carrier."
 He was involved in some way in the design or construction of five of the first six U.S. Navy aircraft carriers, and served as acting commanding officer of the first carrier to enter U.S. Navy service and as executive officer of the first two American carriers.
 In the earliest days of the U.S. Navy' s development of an aircraft carrier force, he led many shipboard innovations still in use aboard carriers today.

Question: Question: Dixie Kiefer was Executive Officer of the aircraft carrier commisiioned by the Navy starting in what year? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 The Type 001A aircraft carrier or CV-17 aircraft carrier is a Chinese aircraft carrier that was launched on 26 April 2017 for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN) of China.
 It is the country's second aircraft carrier after the completion of "Liaoning" , and the first built domestically. 

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Paragraph 1 

 USS "Yorktown" (CV-5) was an aircraft carrier commissioned in the United States Navy from 1937 until she was sunk at the Battle of Midway in June 1942.
 She was named after the Battle of Yorktown in 1781 and the lead ship of the "Yorktown" class which was designed after lessons learned from operations with the large converted battlecruiser "Lexington" class and the smaller purpose-built USS "Ranger" .
 She represented the epitome of U.S. pre-war carrier design. 

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Paragraph 2 

 HMCS "Bonaventure" (CVL 22) was a "Majestic"-class aircraft carrier that served in the Royal Canadian Navy and the successor Canadian Forces Maritime Command from 1957 to 1970 and was the third and the last aircraft carrier to serve Canada's military.
 The ship was laid down for the British Royal Navy as  in November 1943 but work was suspended in 1946 following the end of the Second World War.
 At the time of purchase, the Canadian Navy required new aircraft carrier technologies be incorporated.
 "Bonaventure" never saw combat during her career; however, she was involved in major NATO fleet-at-sea patrol during the Cuban Missile Crisis. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 The Type 002 aircraft carrier is a second generation Chinese aircraft carrier design.
 The ship will be the first Chinese aircraft carrier to be equipped with a catapult.
 According to the latest report, the construction of this carrier has been rescheduled for a decision on the catapults, where the latest competition results suggested that steam catapults will be used in the Type 002 aircraft carrier.
 The addition of aircraft catapult will give China the ability to launch various fixed wing support aircraft like airborne early warning (AEW) and carrier onboard delivery aircraft.
 Fighters can also be launched at full combat load and reach its full potential unlike current Type 001 aircraft carriers operated by Chinese navy. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 The escort carrier or escort aircraft carrier (hull classification symbol CVE), also called a "jeep carrier" or "baby flattop" in the United States Navy (USN) or "Woolworth Carrier" by the Royal Navy, was a small and slow type of aircraft carrier used by the Royal Navy, the Imperial Japanese Navy and Imperial Japanese Army Air Force, and the United States Navy in World War II.
 They were typically half the length and a third the displacement of larger fleet carriers.
 While they were slower, carried fewer planes and were less well armed and armored, escort carriers were cheaper and could be built quickly, which was their principal advantage.
 Escort carriers could be completed in greater numbers as a stop-gap when fleet carriers were scarce.
 However, the lack of protection made escort carriers particularly vulnerable and several were sunk with great loss of life.
 The light carrier (hull classification symbol CVL) was a similar concept to escort carriers in most respects, but were capable of higher speeds to allow operation alongside fleet carriers. 

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Paragraph 5 

 Dixie Kiefer (April 5, 1896 – November 11, 1945) was a United States Navy officer who served during World War II as Executive Officer of USS "Yorktown" and commanding officer of USS "Ticonderoga".
 He was one of the Navy's best known figures during the war. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 HMS "Ark Royal" (R09) was an "Audacious"-class aircraft carrier of the Royal Navy and, when she was decommissioned in 1979, was the Royal Navy's last remaining conventional catapult and arrested-landing aircraft carrier.
 She was the first aircraft carrier to be equipped with angled flight deck at its commissioning; her sister ship, HMS "Eagle" , was the Royal Navy's first angle-decked aircraft carrier after modification in 1954. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Kenneth Whiting (22 July 1881 – 24 April 1943) was a United States Navy officer who was a pioneer in submarines and is best known for his lengthy career as a pioneering naval aviator.
 During World War I, he commanded the first American military force to arrive in Europe for combat.
 After the war, he was instrumental in development of the aircraft carrier in the United States, where he sometimes is known as the U.S. Navy' s "father of the aircraft carrier."
 He was involved in some way in the design or construction of five of the first six U.S. Navy aircraft carriers, and served as acting commanding officer of the first carrier to enter U.S. Navy service and as executive officer of the first two American carriers.
 In the earliest days of the U.S. Navy' s development of an aircraft carrier force, he led many shipboard innovations still in use aboard carriers today. 

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Answer: 1937