title: Patterned ground
Dave Tozer
Data Processing and Analysis Consortium
Permafrost Young Researchers Network
David Crockett Graham
Needtobreathe
We Are Scientists
Extraterrestrial materials
Kim Salmon and the Surrealists
Committee on Human Rights of Scientists
sentences: Patterned ground is the distinct, and often symmetrical natural pattern of geometric shapes formed by ground material in periglacial regions.
 Typically found in remote regions of the Arctic, Antarctica, and the Australian outback, but also found anywhere that freezing and thawing of soil alternate; patterned ground has also been observed on Mars.
 The geometric shapes and patterns associated with patterned ground are often mistaken as artistic human creations.
 The mechanism of the formation of patterned ground had long puzzled scientists, but the introduction of computer-generated geological models in the past 20 years has allowed scientists to relate it to frost heaving, the expansion that occurs when wet, fine-grained, and porous soils freeze.
Dave Tozer is a Grammy Award-winning music producer, songwriter, and musician.
 He has worked with several R&B, Hip-Hop, Rock and Pop artists including John Legend, Kanye West, Jay-Z, Justin Timberlake, Bruno Mars, John Mayer, Kimbra, Natasha Bedingfield, Needtobreathe, Musiq Soulchild, Emeli Sande, Craig David, Chrisette Michele, Mayer Hawthorne, James Bay, Estelle, DEV and Jazmine Sullivan.
The Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) is a group of over 400 European scientists and software engineers formed with the objective to design, develop and execute the data processing system for ESA's ambitious Gaia space astrometry mission.
 It was formally formed in June 2006 by European scientists, with the initial goal of answering an Announcement of Opportunity to be issued by ESA before the end of that year.
 At a meeting in Paris on 24–25 May 2007, ESA's Science Programme Committee (SPC) approved the DPAC proposal submitted in response to the Announcement of Opportunity for the Gaia data processing.
 The proposal describes a complete data processing system capable of handling the full size and complexity of the Gaia data within the mission schedule.
 Following the SPC approval, the DPAC is officially responsible for all Gaia data processing activities.
The Permafrost Young Researcher’s Network (PYRN) is a network formed in 2005 to formally facilitate and strengthen contacts among young scientists in the permafrost community.
 It arose from the need for an integrated single source of information for specific resources vital to young scientists (fellowships, conference travel funding, position opportunities, etc.).
 Additionally, the imminence of the International Polar Year (IPY) prompted the need for a visible representation of the young permafrost community at the international level.
 The Permafrost Young Researchers Network has therefore been formally established within the International Permafrost Association (IPA) framework and has created and maintains means of communication among young researchers involved in permafrost research.
 It reports on young researchers’ activities to the IPA membership and working parties and represents permafrost scientists and engineers within broader international and national assemblages.
David Crockett Graham (葛維漢, Ge Weihan), D.Sc.
, Ph.D., B.D., F.R.G.S. (21 March 1884 – 15 September 1961) was a polymath American Baptist minister and missionary, educator, author, archeologist, anthropologist, naturalist and field collector in Szechuan Province, West China from 1911 to 1948.
 From 1921 to 1942, Graham collected and sent to the Smithsonian Institution nearly 400,000 zoological specimens, including more than 230 new species and 9 new genera, of which 29 were named after him (see below).
 From 1932 to 1942 he was curator of the Museum of Art, Archeology and Ethnology at the West China Union University, which still stands as part of Sichuan University, in Chengtu.
 There, he taught comparative religions at the Theological College, and archeology and anthropology at the University.
 He wrote extensively and spent his retirement years, from 1950 to 1961, in Englewood, Colorado compiling his writings and research into three books that were published by the Smithsonian Institution.
 McKhann refers to Graham as "One of a handful of Western missionaries whose scientific work was respected by other scientists—and of even fewer scientists whose religious work was respected by other missionaries."
Needtobreathe (stylized as NEEDTOBREATHE) is an American Christian rock band from Seneca, South Carolina, United States.
 The band is composed of Bear Rinehart (lead vocals, guitar, piano), Bo Rinehart (backing vocals, guitar), Seth Bolt (backing vocals, bass) and Josh Lovelace (backing vocals, keys).
 To date they have released six studio albums: "Daylight" (2006), "The Heat" (2007), "The Outsiders" (2009), "The Reckoning" (2011), "Rivers in the Wasteland" (2014), and "Hard Love" (2016).
We Are Scientists is a New York City-based indie rock band that formed in Berkeley, California, in 2000.
 It consists of guitarist and vocalist Keith Murray and bass guitarist Chris Cain.
Most atoms on Earth came from the interstellar dust and gas from which the Sun and Solar System formed.
 However, in the space science community, "extraterrestrial materials" generally refers to objects now on Earth that were solidified prior to arriving on Earth.
 In October 2011, scientists reported that one form of extraterrestrial material, cosmic dust, contains complex organic matter ("amorphous organic solids with a mixed aromatic-aliphatic structure") that could be created naturally, and rapidly, by stars.
 In February 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for tracking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the universe.
 According to scientists, more than 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life.
 PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are widespread throughout the universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets.
Kim Salmon and the Surrealists are an Australian indie rock band formed by Kim Salmon in 1987 when he was living in Perth between the final two tours by The Scientists.
 When the Scientists stopped, Salmon continued the Surrealists as his main band, while also playing in Beasts of Bourbon.
The Committee on Human Rights of Scientists of the New York Academy of Sciences "was formed in 1978 to pursue the advancement of the basic human rights of scientists throughout the world.
 The Committee intervenes in cases where scientists, engineers, health professionals and educators are detained, imprisoned, exiled, murdered, "disappeared," or deprived of the rights to pursue science, communicate their findings with their peers and the general public, and travel freely in accordance with established policies of The International Council for Science."

Question: Question: Was We Are Scientists or Needtobreathe formed further west? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Dave Tozer is a Grammy Award-winning music producer, songwriter, and musician.
 He has worked with several R&B, Hip-Hop, Rock and Pop artists including John Legend, Kanye West, Jay-Z, Justin Timberlake, Bruno Mars, John Mayer, Kimbra, Natasha Bedingfield, Needtobreathe, Musiq Soulchild, Emeli Sande, Craig David, Chrisette Michele, Mayer Hawthorne, James Bay, Estelle, DEV and Jazmine Sullivan. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 1 

 The Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) is a group of over 400 European scientists and software engineers formed with the objective to design, develop and execute the data processing system for ESA's ambitious Gaia space astrometry mission.
 It was formally formed in June 2006 by European scientists, with the initial goal of answering an Announcement of Opportunity to be issued by ESA before the end of that year.
 At a meeting in Paris on 24–25 May 2007, ESA's Science Programme Committee (SPC) approved the DPAC proposal submitted in response to the Announcement of Opportunity for the Gaia data processing.
 The proposal describes a complete data processing system capable of handling the full size and complexity of the Gaia data within the mission schedule.
 Following the SPC approval, the DPAC is officially responsible for all Gaia data processing activities. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 2 

 The Permafrost Young Researcher’s Network (PYRN) is a network formed in 2005 to formally facilitate and strengthen contacts among young scientists in the permafrost community.
 It arose from the need for an integrated single source of information for specific resources vital to young scientists (fellowships, conference travel funding, position opportunities, etc.).
 Additionally, the imminence of the International Polar Year (IPY) prompted the need for a visible representation of the young permafrost community at the international level.
 The Permafrost Young Researchers Network has therefore been formally established within the International Permafrost Association (IPA) framework and has created and maintains means of communication among young researchers involved in permafrost research.
 It reports on young researchers’ activities to the IPA membership and working parties and represents permafrost scientists and engineers within broader international and national assemblages. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 Needtobreathe (stylized as NEEDTOBREATHE) is an American Christian rock band from Seneca, South Carolina, United States.
 The band is composed of Bear Rinehart (lead vocals, guitar, piano), Bo Rinehart (backing vocals, guitar), Seth Bolt (backing vocals, bass) and Josh Lovelace (backing vocals, keys).
 To date they have released six studio albums: "Daylight" (2006), "The Heat" (2007), "The Outsiders" (2009), "The Reckoning" (2011), "Rivers in the Wasteland" (2014), and "Hard Love" (2016). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 We Are Scientists is a New York City-based indie rock band that formed in Berkeley, California, in 2000.
 It consists of guitarist and vocalist Keith Murray and bass guitarist Chris Cain. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 Most atoms on Earth came from the interstellar dust and gas from which the Sun and Solar System formed.
 However, in the space science community, "extraterrestrial materials" generally refers to objects now on Earth that were solidified prior to arriving on Earth.
 In October 2011, scientists reported that one form of extraterrestrial material, cosmic dust, contains complex organic matter ("amorphous organic solids with a mixed aromatic-aliphatic structure") that could be created naturally, and rapidly, by stars.
 In February 2014, NASA announced a greatly upgraded database for tracking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the universe.
 According to scientists, more than 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life.
 PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are widespread throughout the universe, and are associated with new stars and exoplanets. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 Kim Salmon and the Surrealists are an Australian indie rock band formed by Kim Salmon in 1987 when he was living in Perth between the final two tours by The Scientists.
 When the Scientists stopped, Salmon continued the Surrealists as his main band, while also playing in Beasts of Bourbon. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 The Committee on Human Rights of Scientists of the New York Academy of Sciences "was formed in 1978 to pursue the advancement of the basic human rights of scientists throughout the world.
 The Committee intervenes in cases where scientists, engineers, health professionals and educators are detained, imprisoned, exiled, murdered, "disappeared," or deprived of the rights to pursue science, communicate their findings with their peers and the general public, and travel freely in accordance with established policies of The International Council for Science." 

--------------------------------

 


Answer: Needtobreathe