title: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
Janus laser
Nova (laser)
Cyclops laser
Central Laser Facility
Shiva laser
BELLA (laser)
LULI2000
Laser cutting
Novette laser
sentences: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is an American federal research facility in Livermore, California, United States, founded by the University of California in 1952.
 A Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC), it is primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and managed and operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), a partnership of the University of California, Bechtel, BWX Technologies, AECOM, and Battelle Memorial Institute in affiliation with the Texas A&M University System.
 In 2012, the laboratory had the synthetic chemical element livermorium named after it.
The Janus laser was a (then considered high power) two beam infrared neodymium doped silica glass laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1974 for the study of inertial confinement fusion.
 Janus was built using about 100 pounds of Nd:glass laser material.
 Initially, Janus was only capable of producing laser pulses of about 10 joules of energy.
Nova was a high-power laser built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1984 which conducted advanced inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments until its dismantling in 1999.
 Nova was the first ICF experiment built with the intention of reaching "ignition", a chain reaction of nuclear fusion that releases a large amount of energy.
 Although Nova failed in this goal, the data it generated clearly defined the problem as being mostly a result of magnetohydrodynamic instability, leading to the design of the National Ignition Facility, Nova's successor.
 Nova also generated considerable amounts of data on high-density matter physics, regardless of the lack of ignition, which is useful both in fusion power and nuclear weapons research.
Cyclops was a high-power laser built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1975.
 It was the second laser constructed in the lab's "Laser" program, which aimed to study inertial confinement fusion (ICF).
Central Laser Facility (CLF) is a research facility in the UK.
 It is part of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
 The facility is dedicated to studying the applications of high energy lasers.
 It was opened in 1976.
 As of 2013 there are 5 active Laser Lab at the CLF, Vulcan, Astra Gemini, Artemis, ULTRA, and OCTOPUS.
 The facility provides both high-power and high-sensitivity lasers for study across a broad field of science from atomic and plasma physics to medical diagnostics, biochemistry and environmental science.
 Also through the Centre for Advanced Laser Technology and Application (CALTA), CLF is responsible for laser development.
 DiPOLE is the brainchild of that project.
The Shiva laser was a powerful 20-beam infrared neodymium glass (silica glass) laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1977 for the study of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and long-scale-length laser-plasma interactions.
 Presumably, the device was named after the multi-armed form of the Hindu god Shiva, due to the laser's multi-beamed structure.
 Shiva was instrumental in demonstrating a particular problem in compressing targets with lasers, leading to a major new device being constructed to address these problems, the Nova laser.
The Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator or BELLA is a laser built by the Thales Group and owned and operated by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
 On 20 July 2012 BELLA fired a 40 femtosecond laser pulse, establishing a world record for most powerful laser.
LULI2000 is a high-power laser system dedicated to scientific research.
 It is located in LULI laboratory, at École Polytechnique in France.
 The main application of this type of laser is related to the very high energy fluxes obtained after focusing onto tiny focal spots, from micrometers to hundreds of micrometers in diameter.
 The interaction between these focused beams and small targets produces very hot plasmas, up to many hundred million degrees, high densities and high pressures.
 Depending on the laser and target parameters, these laser-generated plasmas may be compared to stars or planet interiors.
Laser cutting is a technology that uses a laser to cut materials, and is typically used for industrial manufacturing applications, but is also starting to be used by schools, small businesses, and hobbyists.
 Laser cutting works by directing the output of a high-power laser most commonly through optics.
 The laser optics and CNC (computer numerical control) are used to direct the material or the laser beam generated.
 A typical commercial laser for cutting materials would involve a motion control system to follow a CNC or G-code of the pattern to be cut onto the material.
 The focused laser beam is directed at the material, which then either melts, burns, vaporizes away, or is blown away by a jet of gas, leaving an edge with a high-quality surface finish.
 Industrial laser cutters are used to cut flat-sheet material as well as structural and piping materials.
Novette was a two beam neodymium glass (phosphate glass) testbed laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in about 15 months throughout 1981 and 1982 and was completed in January 1983.
 Novette was made using recycled parts from the dismantled Shiva and Argus lasers and borrowed parts from the future Nova laser.
 Its main intended purpose was to validate the proposed design and expected performance of the then planned Nova laser.
 In addition to being used for the further study of enhanced laser to target plasma energy coupling utilizing frequency tripled light and examining its benefits with respect to inertial confinement fusion, Novette was also used in the world's first laboratory demonstration of an x-ray laser in 1984.

Question: Question: Nova was a high-power laser built where? 

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Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is an American federal research facility in Livermore, California, United States, founded by the University of California in 1952.
 A Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC), it is primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and managed and operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS), a partnership of the University of California, Bechtel, BWX Technologies, AECOM, and Battelle Memorial Institute in affiliation with the Texas A&M University System.
 In 2012, the laboratory had the synthetic chemical element livermorium named after it. 

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Paragraph 1 

 The Janus laser was a (then considered high power) two beam infrared neodymium doped silica glass laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1974 for the study of inertial confinement fusion.
 Janus was built using about 100 pounds of Nd:glass laser material.
 Initially, Janus was only capable of producing laser pulses of about 10 joules of energy. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Nova was a high-power laser built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1984 which conducted advanced inertial confinement fusion (ICF) experiments until its dismantling in 1999.
 Nova was the first ICF experiment built with the intention of reaching "ignition", a chain reaction of nuclear fusion that releases a large amount of energy.
 Although Nova failed in this goal, the data it generated clearly defined the problem as being mostly a result of magnetohydrodynamic instability, leading to the design of the National Ignition Facility, Nova's successor.
 Nova also generated considerable amounts of data on high-density matter physics, regardless of the lack of ignition, which is useful both in fusion power and nuclear weapons research. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 3 

 Cyclops was a high-power laser built at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) in 1975.
 It was the second laser constructed in the lab's "Laser" program, which aimed to study inertial confinement fusion (ICF). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 4 

 Central Laser Facility (CLF) is a research facility in the UK.
 It is part of the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
 The facility is dedicated to studying the applications of high energy lasers.
 It was opened in 1976.
 As of 2013 there are 5 active Laser Lab at the CLF, Vulcan, Astra Gemini, Artemis, ULTRA, and OCTOPUS.
 The facility provides both high-power and high-sensitivity lasers for study across a broad field of science from atomic and plasma physics to medical diagnostics, biochemistry and environmental science.
 Also through the Centre for Advanced Laser Technology and Application (CALTA), CLF is responsible for laser development.
 DiPOLE is the brainchild of that project. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 5 

 The Shiva laser was a powerful 20-beam infrared neodymium glass (silica glass) laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1977 for the study of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) and long-scale-length laser-plasma interactions.
 Presumably, the device was named after the multi-armed form of the Hindu god Shiva, due to the laser's multi-beamed structure.
 Shiva was instrumental in demonstrating a particular problem in compressing targets with lasers, leading to a major new device being constructed to address these problems, the Nova laser. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 The Berkeley Lab Laser Accelerator or BELLA is a laser built by the Thales Group and owned and operated by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
 On 20 July 2012 BELLA fired a 40 femtosecond laser pulse, establishing a world record for most powerful laser. 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 7 

 Novette was a two beam neodymium glass (phosphate glass) testbed laser built at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in about 15 months throughout 1981 and 1982 and was completed in January 1983.
 Novette was made using recycled parts from the dismantled Shiva and Argus lasers and borrowed parts from the future Nova laser.
 Its main intended purpose was to validate the proposed design and expected performance of the then planned Nova laser.
 In addition to being used for the further study of enhanced laser to target plasma energy coupling utilizing frequency tripled light and examining its benefits with respect to inertial confinement fusion, Novette was also used in the world's first laboratory demonstration of an x-ray laser in 1984. 

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Answer: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory