title: Into the Wild (film)
Pawn Sacrifice
Man on the Moon (film)
Paul Giamatti
Get on Up (film)
The Letters (film)
Straight Outta Compton (film)
Edward V. Shepard
J. Edgar
Love &amp; Mercy (film)
sentences: Into the Wild is a 2007 American biographical drama survival film written, co-produced, and directed by Sean Penn.
 It is an adaptation of Jon Krakauer's 1996 non-fiction book of the same name, based on the travels of Christopher McCandless across North America and his life spent in the Alaskan wilderness in the early 1990s.
 The film stars Emile Hirsch as McCandless, and Marcia Gay Harden and William Hurt as his parents, and features Jena Malone, Catherine Keener, Vince Vaughn, Kristen Stewart, and Hal Holbrook.
Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film.
 It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the 1972 World Chess Championship match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland.
 It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight.
 The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy.
 It was released in the United States on September 16, 2015.
Man on the Moon is a 1999 American biographical comedy-drama film about the late American entertainer Andy Kaufman, starring Jim Carrey as Kaufman.
 The film was directed by Miloš Forman and also features Danny DeVito, Courtney Love, and Paul Giamatti.
Paul Edward Valentine Giamatti ( ; born June 6, 1967) is an American actor and producer.
 He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film "Cinderella Man" and is also known for his roles in the films " Thunderpants", " Private Parts", " Sideways", "American Splendor," "The Illusionist", "Cold Souls", "Barney's Version", "Big Fat Liar", "Love & Mercy", "Straight Outta Compton", "San Andreas", and "Win Win", as well as the series "Downton Abbey" and the miniseries "John Adams".
 He has won two Golden Globe Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and four Screen Actors Guild Awards.
Get on Up is a 2014 American biographical drama film about the life of singer James Brown directed by Tate Taylor and written by Jez and John-Henry Butterworth.
 The film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chadwick Boseman as Brown, Nelsan Ellis as Bobby Byrd, Dan Aykroyd as Ben Bart, Viola Davis as Susie Brown, Craig Robinson as Maceo Parker and Octavia Spencer as Aunt Honey.
 The film was released on August 1, 2014.
The Letters is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and written by William Riead.
 The film stars Juliet Stevenson, Max von Sydow, Rutger Hauer and Priya Darshini.
 It was produced by Colin Azzopardi, Tony Cordeaux, and Lisa Riead.
 It was released theatrically by Freestyle Releasing on December 4, 2015.
Straight Outta Compton is a 2015 American biographical film directed by F. Gary Gray, depicting the career of gangsta rap group N.W.A.
 Titled after N.W.A's 1988 debut studio album, the film focuses on members Eazy-E, Ice Cube, and Dr. Dre, and the rise and fall of the group.
 Members of N.W.A were involved in making the film, including Ice Cube and Dr. Dre as producers, as was Eazy-E's widow, Tomica Woods-Wright, while MC Ren and DJ Yella served as creative consultants.
 Ice Cube is portrayed by his son, O'Shea Jackson Jr., with Corey Hawkins as Dr. Dre and Jason Mitchell as Eazy-E.
 Paul Giamatti also stars as N.W.A's manager Jerry Heller.
Edward Valentine Shepard (1866 – 1937) was an American auction bridge and contract bridge writer, authority, and teacher in the early twentieth century.
J. Edgar is a 2011 American biographical drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood.
 Written by Dustin Lance Black, the film focuses on the career of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover from the Palmer Raids onwards.
Love & Mercy (stylized as love&mercy) is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and co-produced by Bill Pohlad, co-produced by Claire Rudnick-Polstein and John Wells and written by Michael Alan Lerner and Oren Moverman.
 The film, deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson, focuses on musician-songwriter Brian Wilson, co-founder of the Beach Boys, during the 1960s and 1980s, presenting the film in a nonlinear narrative.
 Paul Dano and John Cusack star as the young and middle-aged Wilson, respectively, with Elizabeth Banks as Wilson's second wife Melinda Ledbetter, and Paul Giamatti as Wilson's psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy.

Question: Question: Who directed and co-produced the 2014 American biographical drama that Paul Edward Valentine Giamatti was in? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Pawn Sacrifice is a 2014 American biographical drama film.
 It is based on the true story of Bobby Fischer's challenge against top Soviet chess grandmasters during the Cold War and culminating in the 1972 World Chess Championship match versus Boris Spassky in Reykjavík, Iceland.
 It was directed by Edward Zwick and written by Steven Knight.
 The film stars Tobey Maguire as Bobby Fischer, Liev Schreiber as Boris Spassky, Lily Rabe as Joan Fischer, and Peter Sarsgaard as William Lombardy.
 It was released in the United States on September 16, 2015. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Paul Edward Valentine Giamatti ( ; born June 6, 1967) is an American actor and producer.
 He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for the film "Cinderella Man" and is also known for his roles in the films " Thunderpants", " Private Parts", " Sideways", "American Splendor," "The Illusionist", "Cold Souls", "Barney's Version", "Big Fat Liar", "Love & Mercy", "Straight Outta Compton", "San Andreas", and "Win Win", as well as the series "Downton Abbey" and the miniseries "John Adams".
 He has won two Golden Globe Awards, a Primetime Emmy Award, and four Screen Actors Guild Awards. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Get on Up is a 2014 American biographical drama film about the life of singer James Brown directed by Tate Taylor and written by Jez and John-Henry Butterworth.
 The film stars an ensemble cast featuring Chadwick Boseman as Brown, Nelsan Ellis as Bobby Byrd, Dan Aykroyd as Ben Bart, Viola Davis as Susie Brown, Craig Robinson as Maceo Parker and Octavia Spencer as Aunt Honey.
 The film was released on August 1, 2014. 

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Paragraph 3 

 The Letters is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and written by William Riead.
 The film stars Juliet Stevenson, Max von Sydow, Rutger Hauer and Priya Darshini.
 It was produced by Colin Azzopardi, Tony Cordeaux, and Lisa Riead.
 It was released theatrically by Freestyle Releasing on December 4, 2015. 

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Paragraph 4 

 Straight Outta Compton is a 2015 American biographical film directed by F. Gary Gray, depicting the career of gangsta rap group N.W.A.
 Titled after N.W.A's 1988 debut studio album, the film focuses on members Eazy-E, Ice Cube, and Dr. Dre, and the rise and fall of the group.
 Members of N.W.A were involved in making the film, including Ice Cube and Dr. Dre as producers, as was Eazy-E's widow, Tomica Woods-Wright, while MC Ren and DJ Yella served as creative consultants.
 Ice Cube is portrayed by his son, O'Shea Jackson Jr., with Corey Hawkins as Dr. Dre and Jason Mitchell as Eazy-E.
 Paul Giamatti also stars as N.W.A's manager Jerry Heller. 

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Paragraph 5 

 Edward Valentine Shepard (1866 – 1937) was an American auction bridge and contract bridge writer, authority, and teacher in the early twentieth century. 

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Paragraph 6 

 J. Edgar is a 2011 American biographical drama film directed, co-produced, and scored by Clint Eastwood.
 Written by Dustin Lance Black, the film focuses on the career of FBI director J. Edgar Hoover from the Palmer Raids onwards. 

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Paragraph 7 

 Love & Mercy (stylized as love&mercy) is a 2014 American biographical drama film directed and co-produced by Bill Pohlad, co-produced by Claire Rudnick-Polstein and John Wells and written by Michael Alan Lerner and Oren Moverman.
 The film, deriving its title from the 1988 song by Wilson, focuses on musician-songwriter Brian Wilson, co-founder of the Beach Boys, during the 1960s and 1980s, presenting the film in a nonlinear narrative.
 Paul Dano and John Cusack star as the young and middle-aged Wilson, respectively, with Elizabeth Banks as Wilson's second wife Melinda Ledbetter, and Paul Giamatti as Wilson's psychotherapist Dr. Eugene Landy. 

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Answer: Bill Pohlad