title: Tritrichomonas foetus
Paramphistomatidae
Telorchis
Tritrichomonas
Klossiella
Felidae
Clostridium
Selenococcidium
Altered Schaedler flora
Cryptosporidium parvum
sentences: Tritrichomonas foetus is a species of single-celled flagellated parasites that is known to be a pathogen of the bovine reproductive tract as well as the intestinal tract of cats.
 In cattle, the organism is transmitted to the female vagina and uterus from the foreskin of the bull where the parasite is known to reside.
 It causes infertility, and, at times, has caused spontaneous abortions in the first trimester.
 In the last ten years, there have been reports of "Tritrichomonas foetus" in the feces of young cats that have diarrhea and live in households with multiple cats.
Paramphistomatidae is a family of flukes which are parasitic on herbivorous mammals, and sometimes humans.
 All members are obligate parasites requiring a mammalian host and snails for completion of their life cycle.
 The adult worms are found in the intestinal tract and liver.
 The body is characterised by leaf-like fleshy structure with a large posterior sucker.
Telorchis is a genus of trematode parasites found in many herps, comprising around 70 species.
 This parasite is an indirect parasite, with a snail intermediate host and a reptile or amphibian definitive host.
 Typically found in the gastrointestinal tract of their definitive host, telorchids attach to the wall of the intestinal tract with their oral sucker.
Tritrichomonas is a genus of single celled flagellated parasitic excavates, some of whose species are known to be pathogens of the bovine reproductive tract as well as the intestinal tract of felines.
Klossiella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.
 Species in this genus infect the renal tract of mammals and intestinal tract of snakes.
The biological family Felidae is a lineage of carnivorans that includes the cats.
 A member of this family is also called a felid.
 The characteristic features of cats have evolved to support a carnivorous lifestyle, with adaptations for ambush or stalking and short pursuit hunting.
 They have gracile and muscular bodies, strong flexible forelimbs and retractable claws for holding prey, dental and cranial adaptations for a strong bite, and often have characteristic striped or spotted coat patterns for camouflage.
 Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they are dependent on nutrients in animal flesh for survival, and because of the large proportion of meat in their diet are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores. Of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora, they are the strictest carnivores.
Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agent of botulism and an important cause of diarrhea, "Clostridium difficile".
 They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores.
 The normal, reproducing cells of "Clostridium", called the vegetative form, are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek κλωστήρ or spindle.
 "Clostridium" endospores have a distinct bowling pin or bottle shape, distinguishing them from other bacterial endospores, which are usually ovoid in shape.
 "Clostridium" species inhabit soils and the intestinal tract of animals, including humans.
 "Clostridium" is a normal inhabitant of the healthy lower reproductive tract of women.
Selenococcidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
 There is one recognised species in this genus - "Selenococcidium intermedium".
 This species infects the intestinal tract of European lobsters ("Homarus gammarus").
The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) is a community of eight bacterial species: two Lactobacilli, one Bacteroides, one spiral bacteria of the Flexistipes genus, and four extremely oxygen sensitive (EOS) Fusobacterium species.
 The bacteria are selected for their dominance and persistence in the normal microflora of mice, and for their ability to be isolated and grown in laboratory settings.
 Germ-free animals, mainly mice, are infected with ASF for the purpose of studying the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
 Intestinal commensal bacteria play an important role in affecting gene expression of the GI tract, immune responses, nutrient absorption, and pathogen resistance.
 The standardized microbial cocktail enabled the controlled study of microbe and host interactions, role of microbes, pathogen effects, and intestinal immunity and disease association, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and other inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
 Also, compared to germfree animals, ASF mice have fully developed immune system, resistance to opportunistic pathogens, and normal GI function and health, and are a great representation of normal mice
Cryptosporidium parvum is one of several species that cause cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic disease of the mammalian intestinal tract.

Question: Question: Tritrichomonas is a genus of single celled flagellated parasitic excavates, some of whose species are known to be pathogens of the bovine reproductive tract as well as the intestinal tract of felines, which biological family has a lineage of carnivorans that includes the cats? 

 Your answer will be verified with exact match score. To ensure correct verification, only provide the answer within the <answer> </answer> tags. Do not put any sentences or reasoning process within the <answer> </answer> tags. 

Supporting Information: Paragraph 0 

 Paramphistomatidae is a family of flukes which are parasitic on herbivorous mammals, and sometimes humans.
 All members are obligate parasites requiring a mammalian host and snails for completion of their life cycle.
 The adult worms are found in the intestinal tract and liver.
 The body is characterised by leaf-like fleshy structure with a large posterior sucker. 

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Paragraph 1 

 Tritrichomonas is a genus of single celled flagellated parasitic excavates, some of whose species are known to be pathogens of the bovine reproductive tract as well as the intestinal tract of felines. 

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Paragraph 2 

 Klossiella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa.
 Species in this genus infect the renal tract of mammals and intestinal tract of snakes. 

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Paragraph 3 

 The biological family Felidae is a lineage of carnivorans that includes the cats.
 A member of this family is also called a felid.
 The characteristic features of cats have evolved to support a carnivorous lifestyle, with adaptations for ambush or stalking and short pursuit hunting.
 They have gracile and muscular bodies, strong flexible forelimbs and retractable claws for holding prey, dental and cranial adaptations for a strong bite, and often have characteristic striped or spotted coat patterns for camouflage.
 Cats are obligate carnivores, meaning they are dependent on nutrients in animal flesh for survival, and because of the large proportion of meat in their diet are sometimes referred to as hypercarnivores. Of the 13 terrestrial families in the order Carnivora, they are the strictest carnivores. 

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Paragraph 4 

 Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, which includes several significant human pathogens, including the causative agent of botulism and an important cause of diarrhea, "Clostridium difficile".
 They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores.
 The normal, reproducing cells of "Clostridium", called the vegetative form, are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek κλωστήρ or spindle.
 "Clostridium" endospores have a distinct bowling pin or bottle shape, distinguishing them from other bacterial endospores, which are usually ovoid in shape.
 "Clostridium" species inhabit soils and the intestinal tract of animals, including humans.
 "Clostridium" is a normal inhabitant of the healthy lower reproductive tract of women. 

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Paragraph 5 

 Selenococcidium is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa.
 There is one recognised species in this genus - "Selenococcidium intermedium".
 This species infects the intestinal tract of European lobsters ("Homarus gammarus"). 

--------------------------------

Paragraph 6 

 The altered Schaedler flora (ASF) is a community of eight bacterial species: two Lactobacilli, one Bacteroides, one spiral bacteria of the Flexistipes genus, and four extremely oxygen sensitive (EOS) Fusobacterium species.
 The bacteria are selected for their dominance and persistence in the normal microflora of mice, and for their ability to be isolated and grown in laboratory settings.
 Germ-free animals, mainly mice, are infected with ASF for the purpose of studying the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
 Intestinal commensal bacteria play an important role in affecting gene expression of the GI tract, immune responses, nutrient absorption, and pathogen resistance.
 The standardized microbial cocktail enabled the controlled study of microbe and host interactions, role of microbes, pathogen effects, and intestinal immunity and disease association, such as cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, diabetes, and other inflammatory or autoimmune diseases.
 Also, compared to germfree animals, ASF mice have fully developed immune system, resistance to opportunistic pathogens, and normal GI function and health, and are a great representation of normal mice 

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Paragraph 7 

 Cryptosporidium parvum is one of several species that cause cryptosporidiosis, a parasitic disease of the mammalian intestinal tract. 

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Answer: Felidae