meetforever/GRPO_CL huggingface dataset:
user: Salmon runs a fish delivery company in Fish City. Fish City has $N$ vertical roads numbered $1, 2, ..., N$ from left to right, each spaced 1 unit apart; similarly, there are $M$ horizontal roads numbered $1, 2, ..., M$ from bottom to top, each spaced 1 unit apart. We will denote the intersection between the $x$-th vertical road and the $y$-th horizontal road as $(x, y)$. 
Salmon has to make $K$ deliveries, with the $i$-th delivery starting at $(x_i, y_i)$ and ending at $(x'_i, y'_i)$. He can also travel every road with speed $0.5$ (meaning it would take him $2$ units of time to travel $1$ unit of distance). However, Salmon can bribe the mayor of Fish City and make the mayor change exactly one horizontal road to a highway, meaning the speed on that road would increase to $1$.
He wants to choose a road to be a highway such that the sum of durations of all the deliveries is minimum possible. Help him find this minimum sum!
Note that each delivery starts exactly at $(x_i, y_i)$ and ends at $(x'_i, y'_i)$, i.e., we don't count the time taken to travel from $(x'_{i-1}, y'_{i-1})$ to $(x_i, y_i)$ in our answer.

-----Input:-----
The first line contains 3 integers, $N$, $M$ and $K$ ($1 \le N, M, K \le 10^5$).
The next $K$ lines describe deliveries. Each line contains 4 space-separated integers $x_i$, $y_i$, $x'_i$, $y'_i$ ($1 \le x_i, x'_i \le N$, $1 \le y_i, y'_i \le M$), describing the $i$-th delivery.

-----Output:-----
Print one integer -- the minimum sum of durations possible.

-----Subtasks-----
- Subtask 1 [17 points]: $y_i = y_{i-1}$ for all $i>0$. 
- Subtask 2 [34 points]: $K \le 10$.
- Subtask 3 [49 points]: No additional constraints.

-----Sample Input 1:-----
5 4 3
2 3 4 1
1 4 5 2
3 3 5 3

-----Sample Output 1:-----
16

-----Explanation:-----

Salmon can turn the 3rd horizontal road into a highway.
- For the first delivery, we can go 2 units to the right taking 2 units of time, and 2 units down taking 4 units of time. The time taken is $2 + 4 = 6$.
- For the second delivery, we can go 1 unit down taking 2 units of time, 4 units right taking 4 units of time, and 1 unit down taking 2 units of time. The time taken is $2 + 4 + 2 = 8$.
- For the third delivery, we can go 2 units right taking 2 units of time.
Therefore, the total time taken is $6 + 8 + 2 = 16$.

-----Sample Input 2:-----
10 2 3
1 2 10 2
2 1 9 1
4 1 7 1

-----Sample Output 2:-----
23

-----Explanation:-----

Salmon can turn the 1st horizontal road into a highway.
- For the first delivery, we can go 1 unit down taking 2 units of time, 9 units right taking 9 units of time, and 1 unit up taking 2 units of time. The time taken is $2 + 9 + 2 = 13$.
- For the second delivery, we can go 7 units right taking 7 units of time.
- For the third delivery, we can go 3 units to the right taking 3 units of time.
Therefore, the total time taken is $13 + 7 + 3 = 23$.
user: There is a building with $N$ floors (numbered $1$ through $N$ from bottom to top); on each floor, there are $M$ windows (numbered $1$ through $M$ from left to right). Let's denote the $j$-th window on the $i$-th floor by $(i, j)$.
All windows in the building need to be cleaned one by one in a specific order. You are given this order as a matrix $A$ with $N$ rows and $M$ columns; for each valid $i$ and $j$, the window $(i, j)$ must be cleaned on the $A_{N-i+1,j}$-th turn. 
Whenever we clean a window $(i, j)$, it becomes clean, but the dirty water used for cleaning it flows down to windows $(i-1, j-1)$, $(i-1, j)$ and $(i-1, j+1)$ (more precisely, to all of these windows which exist), so these windows become dirty again. Then, the water flows further down, so the same applies for other windows below: whenever a window $(i, j)$ becomes dirty, windows $(i-1, j-1)$, $(i-1, j)$ and $(i-1, j+1)$ become dirty as well. For example, cleaning a window $(5, 3)$ will make the window $(3, 2)$ dirty. The next window is cleaned only after water flows down completely. Note that each window is cleaned only once and there may be dirty windows at the end.
For each window, determine whether it will be clean after the cleaning process ends.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains two space-separated integers $N$ and $M$. 
- $N$ lines follow. For each $i$ ($1 \le i \le N$), the $i$-th of these lines contains $M$ space-separated integers $A_{i, 1}, A_{i, 2}, \ldots, A_{i, M}$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print $N$ lines; each of them should contain a string with length $M$. For each valid $i$ and $j$, the $j$-th character on the $i$-th line should be '1' if the window $(N-i+1, j)$ is clean or '0' if it is dirty.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 1,000$
- $1 \le N, M \le 10^3$
- $1 \le A_{i, j} \le N \cdot M$ for each valid $i, j$
- the elements of the matrix $A$ are pairwise distinct
- the sum of $N \cdot M$ over all test cases does not exceed $10^6$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (50 points):
- $N, M \le 25$
- the sum of $N \cdot M$ over all test cases does not exceed $625$
Subtask #2 (50 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
1
3 4
1 3 7 10
9 2 4 11
8 12 5 6 

-----Example Output-----
1111
1001
0100
user: Devu has n weird friends. Its his birthday today, so they thought that this is the best occasion for testing their friendship with him. They put up conditions before Devu that they will break the friendship unless he gives them a grand party on their chosen day. Formally, ith friend will break his friendship if he does not receive a grand party on dith day.

Devu despite being as rich as Gatsby, is quite frugal and can give at most one grand party daily. Also, he wants to invite only one person in a party. So he just wonders what is the maximum number of friendships he can save. Please help Devu in this tough task !!

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
- First line will contain a single integer denoting n.

- Second line will contain n space separated integers where ith integer corresponds to the day dith as given in the problem.

-----Output-----
Print a single line corresponding to the answer of the problem.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 104
- 1 ≤ n  ≤ 50
- 1 ≤ di ≤ 100

-----Example-----
Input:
2
2
3 2
2
1 1
Output:
2
1

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1. Devu can give party to second friend on day 2 and first friend on day 3, so he can save both his friendships.
Example case 2. Both the friends want a party on day 1, and as the Devu can not afford more than one party a day, so he can save only one of the friendships, so answer is 1.
user: Chef was bored staying at home in the lockdown. He wanted to go out for a change. Chef and Chefu are fond of eating Cakes,so they decided to go the Cake shop where cakes of all possible price are available .
They decided to purchase cakes of equal price and each of them will pay for their cakes. Chef only has coins of denomination $N$ whereas Chefu has that of denomination $M$.
So they want your help to find out the minimum amount to be spent in order to purchase the cakes.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- Each testcase contains of a single line of input, two integers $N, M$. 

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output in a single line answer the minimum amount to be spent in order to purchase the cake.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 1000$
- $2 \leq N,M \leq 10^7$

-----Sample Input:-----
1
2 3

-----Sample Output:-----
6
user: You are given an array of N integers a1, a2, ..., aN and an integer K. Find the number of such unordered pairs {i, j} that 

- i ≠ j
- |ai + aj - K| is minimal possible

Output  the minimal possible value of |ai + aj - K| (where i ≠ j) and the number of such pairs for the given array and the integer K.

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.

The first line of each test case consists of two space separated integers - N and K respectively.

The second line contains N single space separated integers - a1, a2, ..., aN respectively.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing two single space separated integers - the minimal possible value of |ai + aj - K| and the number of unordered pairs {i, j} for which this minimal difference is reached.

-----Constraints-----

- 1 ≤ T ≤ 50
- 1 ≤ ai, K ≤ 109
- N = 2 - 31 point.
- 2 ≤ N ≤ 1000 - 69 points.

-----Example-----
Input:
1   
4 9
4 4 2 6

Output:
1 4

-----Explanation:-----
The minimal possible absolute difference of 1 can be obtained by taking the pairs of a1 and a2, a1 and a4, a2 and a4, a3 and a4.
user: Mr. Wire Less is not that good at implementing circuit in a breadboard. In his Digital Logic Design course, he has to implement several boolean functions using the breadboard. In a breadboard, inputs are given through the switches and outputs are taken through the LEDs. Each input switch can be either in ground state or in high state. So, if he wishes to implement a boolean function, f(x1, x2, .., xn) that takes n boolean values as input and returns m boolean values as output, he will use n switches and m LEDs. 
Mr. Wire Less can quickly assemble the necessary ICs and wires, but the key problem is testing. While testing he has to check with all possible input combination, to make sure whether the output of LED corresponds to the expected output or not. This is taking too long for him, as most of the switches are jammed and difficult to toggle. 
Mr. Wire Less is asking for help to minimize his time of testing. So, your task is to minimize the total number of switch-toggle throughout the testing.
For example, if Mr. Wire Less has to test a function f(x0, x1) of two variables, he may choose this switching-sequence for testing 00, 11, 10, 01. In this case, the total number of switch-toggle will be 2+1+2 = 5. But if he tests in this sequence 00, 10, 11, 01 total number of toggle will be 1+1+1 = 3.
Given n, you have to output the minimum number of toggle needed for complete testing. Though it seems impractical, he wants you to solve the problem for a very large value of n. But, then the toggle value can be quite big. So, he is completely okay with the toggle value modulo 8589934592 (233).  

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains a positive integer T(T ≤ 105), denoting the number of test-case. Each of the following T lines contains a single non-negative integer n(n ≤ 1020).

-----Output-----
For every test-case, output a single containing test-case number and the minimum number of switch-toggle modulo 8589934592 (233).

-----Sample----- 
Input   
2
1
2

Output
Case 1: 1
Case 2: 3
user: An even sequence has the following property: each maximal contiguous subsequence which contains only equal integers (i.e. the same integer repeated a number of times) has an even length. In particular, the empty sequence is even. A subsequence is maximal if it is not contained in a larger contiguous subsequence which contains only equal integers.
Chef was given an integer sequence $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$ by his friend Mr. Z. He may perform the following operation any number of times: either delete an element of the current sequence (if it is non-empty) or insert an integer anywhere in the current sequence (possibly at the beginning or at the end).
Find the minimum number of operations needed to make the sequence even.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.
- The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer — the minimum number of operations.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 10$
- $1 \leq N \leq 2 \cdot 10^5$
- $1 \leq A_i \leq N$ for each valid $i$
- the sum of $N$ over all test cases does not exceed $2 \cdot 10^6$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (10 points): $N \leq 18$
Subtask #2 (10 points): $A_i \leq A_{i+1}$ for each valid $i$
Subtask #3 (20 points): $N \leq 3,000$
Subtask #4 (20 points): $A_i \leq 26$ for each valid $i$
Subtask #5 (40 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
2
4
1 1 2 1
11
2 2 2 10 2 10 1 1 5 3 5

-----Example Output-----
2
3

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1: Here are two ways to make the sequence even using $2$ operations:
- Delete the first element $1$ and the only element $2$, resulting in a sequence $(1, 1)$, which is even.
- Delete the last element $1$ and insert $2$ at the end, resulting in a sequence $(1,1,2,2)$, which is even.
It can be proved that one operation is not enough to make the initial sequence even.
user: You are teaching a class of $N$ students. Today, during the morning prayer, all the students are standing in a line. You are given a string $s$ with length $N$; for each valid $i$, the $i$-th character of this string is 'b' if the $i$-th student in the line is a boy or 'g' if this student is a girl.
The awkwardness of this configuration of students is defined as the sum of pairwise distances between each boy and girl. The distance between the $i$-th and $j$-th student in the line is $|i - j|$. Formally, the awkwardness is ∑i=1N∑j=i+1sj≠siN(j−i).∑i=1N∑j=i+1sj≠siN(j−i).\sum\limits_{i=1}^N \, \sum\limits_{j=i+1\\ s_j \neq s_i}^N (j - i)\,.
As the teacher, it is your responsibility to reorder the students in such a way that the awkwardness of the resulting configuration is the smallest possible. You may reorder the students in the line in any way you want. Find the minimum awkwardness that can be achieved.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains a single string $s$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer - the minimum possible awkwardness.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10^5$
- $1 \le |s| \le 10^5$
- each character of $s$ is either 'b' or 'g'
- the sum of $|s|$ over all test cases does not exceed $4 \cdot 10^6$

-----Example Input-----
3
gb
bgg
bbgg

-----Example Output-----
1
2
6

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1: The total awkwardness is $|1 - 0| = 1$, no matter how you arrange the students.
Example case 2: Initially, the awkwardness is $|1 - 0| + |2 - 0| = 1 + 2 = 3$. However, you can move the boy between the two girls, i.e. choose the configuration "gbg". Here, the awkwardness is $|1 - 0| + |2 - 1| = 1 + 1 = 2$.
user: Doctor Kunj installed new software on cyborg Shresth.
This software introduced Shresth to range minimum queries.
Cyborg Shresth thought of T$T$ different problems in each of which you will be given
an array A$A$ of length N$N$ and an array B$B$ of length M$M$. In each of these problems, you have to calculate:
∑mi=1∑mj=irangeMin(B[i],B[j])$\sum_{i=1}^m \sum_{j=i}^m rangeMin(B[i],B[j])$
Where rangeMin(i,j)$rangeMin(i,j)$ returns the minimum element in the range of indices i$i$ to j$j$ (both included) in array A$A$.
It is given that array B$B$ consists of pairwise distinct elements and is in ascending order.

-----Input Format:-----
- First line will contain T$T$, the number of different problems Cyborg Shresth thought of.
- Each problem's input data will be given in three different lines. 
- The first line will contain N$N$ and M$M$, the length of array A$A$ and B$B$ respectively. 
- The second line will contain N$N$ space separated positive integers, which form the array A$A$. - 
- The third line will contain M$M$ space separated positive integers, which form the array B$B$.

-----Output Format:-----
- For each different problem, print on a new line the answer to the problem, i.e. the value of ∑mi=1∑mj=irangeMin(B[i],B[j])$\sum_{i=1}^m \sum_{j=i}^m rangeMin(B[i],B[j])$ .

-----Constraints:-----
- 1≤T≤105$1 \leq T \leq {10}^5$
- 1≤N≤105$1 \leq N \leq {10}^5$
- 1≤M≤105$1 \leq M \leq {10}^5$
- 1≤A[i]≤109$1 \leq A[i] \leq 10^9$
- 1≤B[i]≤N$1 \leq B[i] \leq N$
It is guaranteed that the sum of N$N$ over all test cases does not exceed 106${10}^6$ .

-----Sample Input:-----
1
7 3
10 3 7 9 1 19 2
1 4 6

-----Sample Output:-----
43

-----Explanation:-----
For the given array A$A$, we have to calculate rangeMin(1,1)+rangeMin(1,4)+rangeMin(1,6)+rangeMin(4,4)+rangeMin(4,6)+rangeMin(6,6)$rangeMin(1,1) + rangeMin(1,4) + rangeMin(1,6) + rangeMin(4,4) + rangeMin(4,6) + rangeMin(6,6) $.
This is equal to 10+3+1+9+1+19=43$10 + 3 + 1 + 9 + 1 +19 = 43$.
user: Chef has three baskets and two of them have multiple balls(Natural numbers written on them). The first basket has N balls, the second basket has M balls and the third basket is empty. Chef starts choosing all the unique balls(only occurring once in both the baskets) and puts into the third basket and throw the repetitive ones. Print numbers on the balls of the third basket in ascending order. 

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- Each testcase contains three lines of input.
- First-line has two integers $N, M$. 
- Second-line with N space-separated numbers.
- Third-line with M space-separated numbers.

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output in a single line answer.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 10$
- $1 \leq N \leq 10^5$
- $1 \leq M \leq 10^5$

-----Sample Input:-----
1
4 5
1 2 3 4
2 3 4 5 6

-----Sample Output:-----
1 5 6
user: Like all minions Dave also like to eat bananas. So as to his obsession, he is eating banana, but this time in different way. There are N bananas in dish. Dave wants to eat all of them. He starts eating at speed 1 banana/second. He can increase or decrease speed of eating by one only. The condition is that he must end eating at speed 1 banana/second. So, your task is to find minimum time required to finish all bananas in a dish.

-----Input-----
First line contain number of test cases T. Next T lines contain one integer N. Where N is number of bananas in a dish.

-----Output-----
For each test case print minimum time require to eat all N bananas.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 100
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 105

-----Example-----
Input:
2
2
4

Output:
2
3


-----Explanation-----
Example case 1.Dave will start to eat with rate of 1 banana/second. Then only one banana will remain. He will eat that banana in 1 second. Thus, Total time is 2 seconds.
Example case 2.Dave starts with rate of 1 banana/second, and then increase it to 2 bananas/second and again decrease it to 1 banana/second. So total time is 3 seconds.
user: Given an empty array A of infinite length and a positive integer K you have to process 
Q queries of type:    
- ! l r x: Fill the value x in all the empty places in the array from index l to r  (both inclusive).
- ? l r: Print the number of prime factors of K which is also a prime factor of at least one number in A[l], A[l + 1], A[l + 2], … A[r].   

-----Input-----
- The first line contains two space separated integers K and Q respectively.
- Then Q lines follow:
- Each of the $i^{th}$ line contains one of the above two types of queries.

-----Output-----
For each query of the second type, print in a new line the answer to that query. i.e. number of prime factors of K which is also a prime factor of at least one number in A[l], A[l + 1], A[l + 2], … A[r].   

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq K, x \leq 10^9$
- $ 1 \leq l \leq r \leq 10^5$
- $ 1 \leq Q \leq 10^5$ 

-----Sample Input-----
20 5

? 1 5

! 3 5 4

? 1 5

! 1 4 15

? 1 5   

-----Sample Output-----
0

1

2   

-----EXPLANATION-----
Initially, all the places in the array are empty. i.e _ _ _ _ _

After first update the array looks like: _ _ 4 4 4

In the range [1, 5] the only factor of 20 which is also a prime factor of at least one number in _ _ 4 4 4  is 2.

After the second update the array looks like: 15 15 4 4 4

In the range [1, 5] the prime factors of 20 i.e. 5 is a prime factor of 15, 15 and 2 is the prime factor of 4, 4, 4.
user: Today is Chocolate day and Kabir and Tara are visiting a Valentine fair. Upon arriving, they find a stall with an interesting game.
There are N$N$ jars having some chocolates in them. To win the game, one has to select the maximum number of consecutive jars such that the sum of count of chocolates in maximum and second maximum jar is less than or equal to k$k$ in that range.
Kabir wants to win the game so that he can gift the chocolates to Tara. You are a friend of Kabiir, help him win the game.
There will be at least one possible answer.
Note$Note$ :
- You have to select at least two jars. 
- Count of chocolates in maximum and second maximum jar among selected consecutive jars may be equal.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain T$T$, number of test cases.
- First line of each test case contains two space separated integers N,k$N, k$.
- Second line of each test case contains N$N$ space separated integer ai$a_i$ denotes number of chocolates in the jar. 

-----Output:-----
For each test case print maximum number of jars.

-----Constraints:-----
- 1≤T≤10$1 \leq T \leq 10$
- 2≤N≤105$2 \leq N \leq 10^5$
- 1≤ai≤105$1 \leq a_i \leq 10^5$

-----Sample Input:-----
1
6 5

1 3 3 1 1 5

-----Sample Output:-----
3

-----EXPLANATION:-----
You can select 3rd$3^{rd}$, 4th$4^{th}$, and 5th$5^{th}$ jar as the sum of max and second max is equal to 4 which is less then 5.
user: Mohit(Ex GenSec ) is the most active member of the roasting club who loves giving tasks to other members. One day he observed that none of the members were paying attention to the online classes, so he decided to have some fun and overcome the boring lectures. He wrote N numbers on the virtual board (where the first number is 1, the last one is N and the ith number being i).
Then he asked M questions to every other member of the club. In each question, a number K was given by Mohit and the members had to give a single integer as an answer which will be the sum of all numbers present on the whiteboard.
There are some conditions that every member has to follow while answering.
- If K is already present on the whiteboard then swap the first and last number.
- Otherwise, replace the last number with K.

-----Input:-----
- First-line will consist of space-separated integers N and M. The board will contain the list of numbers from 1 to N and M is the number of questions that Mohit will ask.
- Next M lines contain the number Ki, which will be provided by Mohit and (1<=i<=M).

-----Output:-----
For each question, report the sum of all integers present

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq N,M \leq 1000000$
- $2 \leq K \leq 10^9$

-----Sample Input:-----
5 4
7
12 
10 
1  

-----Sample Output:-----
17
22  
20
20
user: Being a crewmate in the Among Us game, you will have to solve a task to win against the imposter. 
The task : You are given a certain number of bulbs(Say n) which are initially in OFF position. 
The bulbs are numbered from 1 to n. There will be n current fluctuations in such a way that in the 1st fluctuation all bulbs are toggled, in the 2nd fluctuation every 2nd bulb is toggled, in the 3rd fluctuation every 3rd bulb is toggled and so on.
Your job as a crewmate is to find the number of bulbs which are ON at the end of n fluctuations. But, the imposter has a special power which alerts it when a bulb with a number divisible by 3 is kept ON at the end of n fluctuations. 
So, you will have to switch off the bulbs with numbers divisible by 3 and give the final result to complete the task and win the game.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- Each testcase contains of a single line of input, an integer $n$. 

-----Output:-----
- For each testcase, output a single integer - the number of bulbs that will remain ON after $n$ fluctuations.

-----Constraints :-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 1000$
- $2 \leq n \leq 10^9$

-----Sample Input:-----
2
2
20

-----Sample Output:-----
1

3