meetforever/GRPO_CL huggingface dataset:
user: You are given a tree with $N$ vertices (numbered $1$ through $N$) and a bag with $N$ markers. There is an integer written on each marker; each of these integers is $0$, $1$ or $2$. You must assign exactly one marker to each vertex.
Let's define the unattractiveness of the resulting tree as the maximum absolute difference of integers written on the markers in any two vertices which are connected by an edge.
Find the minimum possible unattractiveness of the resulting tree.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.
- The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers denoting the numbers on markers in the bag.
- Each of the next $N-1$ lines contains two space-separated integers $u$ and $v$ denoting an edge between vertices $u$ and $v$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer — the minimum unattractiveness.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 30$
- $1 \le N \le 100$
- $1 \le u, v \le N$
- the graph described on the input is a tree

-----Example Input-----
3
3
0 1 1
1 2
1 3
3
0 1 2
1 2
1 3
4
2 2 2 2
1 2
1 3
3 4

-----Example Output-----
1
1
0

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1:
user: Consider the following $4 \times 4$ pattern:
1  2  4  7
3  5  8 11
6  9 12 14
10 13 15 16

You are given an integer $N$. Print the $N \times N$ pattern of the same kind (containing integers $1$ through $N^2$).

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print $N$ lines; each of them should contain $N$ space-separated integers.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10$
- $1 \le N \le 100$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (100 points): Original constraints

-----Example Input-----
1
4

-----Example Output-----
1 2 4 7
3 5 8 11
6 9 12 14
10 13 15 16

-----Explanation-----
user: One day, Delta, the dog, got very angry. He has $N$ items with different values, and he decided to destroy a few of them. However, Delta loves his hooman as well. So he only destroyed those items whose Least Significant Bit in binary representation is 0. 
Can you help Delta to find the total damage he did so he could make an equally sorry face?

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- First line of Each test case a single integer $N$.
- Next line contains $N$ integers denoting values of items.

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output in a single line the total damage caused by Delta.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 10^3$
- $1 \leq N \leq 10^3$
- $1 \leq value \leq 10^3$

-----Sample Input:-----
1
5

1 2 3 4 5

-----Sample Output:-----
6

-----EXPLANATION:-----
Total Damage: $2  + 4 = 6$.
user: There are two friends Alice and Bob. They have a packet of $n$ candies. They want to split the candies between them, and to do so, they kept them all in a single line. The $i^{\text{th}}$ candy in the line has a sweetness value of $a_i$. They decided to take turns in picking the candies. Alice has the first turn. In a person's turn, they either eat the leftmost candy or the rightmost candy with equal probability.
Can you find the expected value of sum of sweetness of the candies eaten by Alice?
Your answer is considered correct if its absolute or relative error doesn't exceed $10^{-6}$ .

-----Input:-----
- The first line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- First line of each testcase contains a single integer $n$ denoting the number of candies.
- Second line of each testcase contains  $n$ space separated integers representing $a_1,a_2,a_3,...a_n$ respectively.

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output the expected value of sum of sweetness of the candies which Alice eats.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 10$
- $1 \leq n \leq 10^3$
- $1 \leq a_i \leq 10^6$
- Sum of $n$ across all the tests $\leq 10^3$

-----Sample Input:-----
2
2
1 2
3
1 2 3

-----Sample Output:-----
1.500000000000000
4.000000000000000

-----EXPLANATION:-----
In the first sample, Alice eats either the first or the second candy with equal probability. Hence, expected value is $(1+2)/2 = 1.5$
For the second sample, expected value is $4$.
user: Chef develops his own computer program for playing chess. He is at the very beginning. At first he needs to write the module that will receive moves written by the players and analyze it. The module will receive a string and it should report at first whether this string represents the correct pair of cells on the chess board (we call such strings correct) and then report whether it represents the correct move depending on the situation on the chess board. Chef always has troubles with analyzing knight moves. So at first he needs a test program that can say whether a given string is correct and then whether it represents a correct knight move (irregardless of the situation on the chess board). The cell on the chessboard is represented as a string of two characters: first character is a lowercase Latin letter from a to h and the second character is a digit from 1 to 8. The string represents the correct pair of cells on the chess board if it composed of 5 characters where first two characters represent the cell where chess figure was, 3rd character is the dash "-" and the last two characters represent the destination cell.

-----Input-----
The first line contains a single integer T <= 50000, the number of test cases. T test cases follow. The only line of each test case contains a non-empty string composed the characters with ASCII-codes from 32 to 126. The length of the string is not greater than 10.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing the word "Error" if the corresponding string does not represent the correct pair of cells on the chess board. Otherwise output "Yes" if this pair of cells represents the correct knight move and "No" otherwise.

-----Example-----
Input:
4
a1-b3
d2-h8
a3 c4
ErrorError

Output:
Yes
No
Error
Error
user: Given a triplet of integers (X , Y , Z), such that X ≤ Y and Y ≥ Z, we define f(X , Y , Z) to be (X + Y) * (Y + Z). If either X > Y or Y < Z, or both, then f(X , Y , Z) is defined to be 0.
You are provided three arrays  A , B and C   of any length (their lengths may or may not be equal).  
Your task is to find the sum of f(X , Y , Z) over all triplets (X, Y , Z) where   X, Y and Z  belong to  A, B and C respectively.
Output your sum for each test case modulo 1000000007.

-----Input-----
- The first line contains a single integer, T, which is the number of test cases. The description of each testcase follows:
- The first line of each testcase contains 3 integers: p, q and r. These denote the lengths of A,B and C respectively. 
- The second line contains p integers, which are the elements of A
- The third line contains q integers, which are the elements of B
- The fourth line contains r integers, which are the elements of C

-----Output-----
Output the required sum modulo  1000000007  for each test case in a new line.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 10 
- 1 ≤ p, q, r ≤ 100000 
- 1 ≤ every array element ≤ 1000000000

-----Subtasks  -----
- Subtask #1 (30 points): 1 ≤ p,q,r  ≤ 100 
- Subtask #2 (70 points): 1 ≤ p,q,r  ≤ 100000 

-----Example : -----
Input:
1 
3 1 3
1 2 3
5
4 5 6

Output:
399

-----Explanation: -----
As there is only one choice for Y which equals to 5, to get a non-zero function value,we can choose any element for X from the set { 1 , 2 , 3 } and for Z from the set { 4  , 5 } 
So triplets which give non-zero function values are: 
{ 1 , 5  , 4 } :  ( 1 + 5 ) * ( 5 + 4 )  = 54 
{ 1 , 5  , 5 } :  ( 1 + 5 ) * ( 5 + 5 )  = 60 
{ 2 , 5  , 4 } :  ( 2 + 5 ) * ( 5 + 4 )  = 63 
{ 2 , 5  , 5 } :  ( 2 + 5 ) * ( 5 + 5 )  = 70 
{ 3 , 5  , 4 } :  ( 3 + 5 ) * ( 5 + 4 )  = 72 
{ 3 , 5  , 5 } :  ( 3 + 5 ) * ( 5 + 5 )  = 80 
Final answer : 54 + 60 + 63 + 70 + 72 + 80  = 399
user: Chef Two and Chef Ten are playing a game with a number $X$. In one turn, they can multiply $X$ by $2$. The goal of the game is to make $X$ divisible by $10$.
Help the Chefs find the smallest number of turns necessary to win the game (it may be possible to win in zero turns) or determine that it is impossible.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains a single integer denoting the initial value of $X$. 

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer — the minimum required number of turns or $-1$ if there is no way to win the game.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 1000$
- $0 \le X \le 10^9$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (100 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
3
10
25
1

-----Example Output-----
0
1
-1
user: Chef Ada has a matrix with $N$ rows (numbered $1$ through $N$ from top to bottom) and $N$ columns (numbered $1$ through $N$ from left to right) containing all integers between $1$ and $N^2$ inclusive. For each valid $i$ and $j$, let's denote the cell in the $i$-th row and $j$-th column by $(i,j)$.
Ada wants to sort the matrix in row-major order ― for each valid $i$ and $j$, she wants the cell $(i, j)$ to contain the value $(i-1) \cdot N + j$.
In one operation, Ada should choose an integer $L$ and transpose the submatrix between rows $1$ and $L$ and columns $1$ and $L$ (inclusive). Formally, for each $i$ and $j$ ($1 \le i, j \le L$), the value in the cell $(i, j)$ after this operation is equal to the value in $(j, i)$ before it.
The initial state of the matrix is chosen in such a way that it is possible to sort it using a finite number of operations (possibly zero). Find the smallest number of operations required to sort the matrix.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.
- The next $N$ lines describe the matrix. For each valid $i$, the $i$-th of these lines contains $N$ space-separated integers ― the initial values in cells $(i, 1), (i, 2), \ldots, (i, N)$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the smallest number of operations required to sort the matrix.

-----Constraints-----
- $4 \le N \le 64$
- the sum of $N^2$ over all test files does not exceed $3 \cdot 10^5$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (10 points):
- $T \le 50$
- $N = 4$
Subtask #2 (90 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
1
4
1 2 9 13
5 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16

-----Example Output-----
2

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1: After the first operation, with $L = 2$, the resulting matrix is
1 5 9 13
2 6 10 14
3 7 11 15
4 8 12 16

After the second operation, with $L = 4$, the matrix becomes sorted
1 2 3 4
5 6 7 8
9 10 11 12
13 14 15 16
user: Chef's daily routine is very simple. He starts his day with cooking food, then he eats the food and finally proceeds for sleeping thus ending his day. Chef carries a robot as his personal assistant whose job is to log the activities of Chef at various instants during the day. Today it recorded activities that Chef was doing at N different instants. These instances are recorded in chronological order (in increasing order of time). This log is provided to you in form of a string s of length N, consisting of characters 'C', 'E' and 'S'. If s[i] = 'C', then it means that at the i-th instant Chef was cooking, 'E' denoting he was eating and 'S' means he was sleeping.
You have to tell whether the record log made by the robot could possibly be correct or not. 

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
The only line of each test case contains string s.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing "yes" or "no" (without quotes) accordingly.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 20
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 105

-----Subtasks-----
- Subtask #1 (40 points) : 1 ≤ N ≤ 100
- Subtask #2 (60 points) : original constraints

-----Example-----
Input:
5
CES
CS
CCC
SC
ECCC

Output:
yes
yes
yes
no
no

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1. "CES" can correspond to a possible record of activities of Chef. He starts the day with cooking, then eating and then sleeping.
Example case 2. "CS" can also correspond to a possible record of activities of Chef. He starts the day with cooking, then eating and then sleeping. Robot recorded his cooking and sleeping in order. He might not have recorded his eating activity.
Example case 4. "SC" can not correspond to Chef's activities. Here it means that Chef slept first, then he cooked the food, which is impossible for Chef to do on some particular day.
user: Chef has an array A consisting of N elements. He wants to find number of pairs of non-intersecting segments [a, b] and [c, d] (1 ≤ a ≤ b < c ≤ d ≤ N) such there is no number that occurs in the subarray {Aa, Aa+1, ... , Ab} and   {Ac, Ac+1, ... , Ad} simultaneously. 
Help Chef to find this number.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer N denoting the number of elements in the array.
- The second line contains N space-separated integers A1, A2, ..., AN. 

-----Output-----
- For each test case, output a single line containing one integer - number of pairs of non-intersecting segments. 

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 5
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 1000
- 1 ≤ Ai ≤ 109

-----Subtasks-----Subtask 1 (7 points)
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 20Subtask 2 (34 points)
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 300Subtask 3 (59 points)
- Original constraints

-----Example-----
Input:
2
3
1 2 3
4
1 2 1 2

Output:
5
4

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1.
All possible variants are correct: {[1, 1], [2, 2]}, {[1, 1], [2, 3]}, {[1, 2], [3, 3]}, {[2, 2], [3, 3]}, {[1,1], [3, 3]}.

Example case 2.
Correct segments: {[1, 1], [2, 2]}, {[1, 1], [4, 4]}, {[2, 2], [3, 3]}, {[3, 3], [4, 4]}.
user: Chef loves lucky numbers. Everybody knows that lucky numbers are positive integers whose decimal representation contains only the lucky digits 4 and 7. For example, numbers 47, 744, 4 are lucky and 5, 17, 467 are not.

Let F(X) equals to the number of lucky digits in decimal representation of X. Chef wants to know the number of such integers X, that L ≤ X ≤ R and F(X) is a lucky number. Help him and calculate that number modulo 109+7.

-----Input-----
First line contains one integer T, the number of test cases. Each of the following T lines contains two space separated positive integers L and R.

-----Output-----
For each of the T test cases print one integer, the number of such X, that L ≤ X ≤ R and F(X) is a lucky number, modulo 1000000007.

-----Constraints-----

1 ≤ T ≤ 10

1 ≤ L ≤ R ≤ 101000

-----Example-----
Input:
4
1 100
1 10000
1 100000
4444 4447

Output:
0
16
640
2

-----Notes-----
First test case: of course, any number of less than 4 digits can't contain lucky number of lucky digits, so the answer is 0.

Second test case: 16 required numbers are 4444 4447 4474 4477 4744 4747 4774 4777 7444 7447 7474 7477 7744 7747 7774 7777.

Third test case: there are 640 required lucky numbers. Some of them are 4474, 14747, 41474, 77277, 44407, 74749.

Fourth test case: the only two required numbers are 4444 and 4447.
user: Chef has a circular plot of land of radius $R$ on which he wants to construct a swimming pool.
He wants the swimming pool to be square in shape with maximum possible area,so that he along
with his friends can enjoy themselves during their summer vacations.
Help Chef to find out the maximum area of the swimming pool that can be constructed in his 
circular plot.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- Each testcase contains of a single line of input,  $R$ i.e the radius of the plot. 

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output in a single line answer displaying the maximum possible area of the swimming pool.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 1000$
- $1 \leq R \leq 10^8$

-----Sample Input:-----
2

5

10   

-----Sample Output:-----
50

200
user: You are given two positive integers $A$ and $B$. Find the number of pairs of positive integers $(X, Y)$ such that $1 \le X \le A$, $1 \le Y \le B$ and $X + Y$ is even.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains two space-separated integers $A$ and $B$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the number of valid pairs.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 1,000$
- $1 \le A, B \le 10^9$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (10 points): $A, B \le 10$
Subtask #2 (10 points): $A, B \le 1,000$
Subtask #3 (80 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
4
1 1
2 3
4 6
8 9

-----Example Output-----
1
3
12
36
user: You are given $N$ integers in an array: $A[1], A[2], \ldots, A[N]$. You also have another integer $L$.
Consider a sequence of indices ($i_1, i_2, \ldots, i_k$). Note that a particular index can occur multiple times in the sequence, and there is no order in which these indices have to occur. ($i_1, i_2, \ldots, i_k$) is a sequence of size $k$. It is said to be an $Interesting$ sequence, if $A[i_1] \ge A[i_2] \ge \ldots \ge A[i_k]$.
The $Cost$ of an Interesting sequence ($i_1, i_2, \ldots, i_k$), is defined to be the minimum absolute difference between any two adjacent indices. In other words, the Cost is $min \{ |i_2 - i_1|, |i_3 - i_2|, \ldots, |i_k - i_{k-1}| \}$.
Your job is to consider the Costs of all the Interesting sequences of size $L$ associated with the given array, and output the maximum Cost. Note that you can show that there is always at least one Interesting sequence for the given constraints.

-----Input-----
- The first line contains a single integer, $T$, which is the number of testcases. The description of each testcase follows.
- The first line of each testcase contains two space separated integers: $N$ and $L$.
- The second line of each testcase contains $N$ space separated integers: $A[1], A[2], \ldots, A[N]$.

-----Output-----
- For each testcase, output the answer in a new line.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 3$
- $1 \leq A[i] \leq 10^9$
- $2 \leq L \leq 10^9$

-----Subtasks-----
- Subtask 1: 7 points
- It is guaranteed that $A[1] > A[2] > \ldots > A[N]$
- Note that the above condition implies that all elements are distinct.
- $1 \leq N \leq 500$
- Subtask 2: 7 points
- It is guaranteed that $A[1] \ge A[2] \ge \ldots \ge A[N]$
- $1 \leq N \leq 500$
- Subtask 3: 14 points
- It is guaranteed that all elements are distinct.
- $1 \leq N \leq 500$
- Subtask 4: 14 points
- $1 \leq N \leq 500$
- Subtask 5: 25 points
- It is guaranteed that all elements are distinct.
- $1 \leq N \leq 3000$
- Subtask 6: 33 points
- $1 \leq N \leq 3000$

-----Sample Input-----
1
6 3
2 4 1 12 3 5

-----Sample Output-----
3

-----Explanation-----
We are looking for Interesting sequences of length 3. Some of them are:
- (4, 2, 3): This is Interesting because $A[4] \ge A[2] \ge A[3]$. Its cost is $min \{ |2-4|, |3-2|\} = 1$.
- (5, 1, 1): Cost is 0.
- (2, 2, 2): Cost is 0.
- (6, 1, 3): Cost is 2.
- (6, 2, 5): Cost is 3.
There are other Interesting Sequences of length 3 as well. But if you list them all out, you'll see that the maximum Cost is 3. Hence the answer is 3.
user: Tejas has invited the Clash Team for a Dinner Party. He places V empty plates (numbered from 1 to V inclusive) in a straight line on a table. He has prepared 2 kinds of Delicious Dishes named dish A and dish B.

He has exactly V servings of Dish A and W servings of dish B. 

Now he wants to serve the dishes in such a way that if theith plate has serving of Dish A then (i-1)th plate should not have serving of Dish B. Assuming all the Dishes are identical find number of ways Tejas can serve the Clash Team.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases . The description of T testcases follow.

- The first line of each test case contains two space seperated integers V W .

-----Output-----
For each test case, output the number of ways Tejas can serve the Clash Team.


-----Constraints-----

- 1 ≤ T ≤ 100
- 1 ≤ V ≤ 1000
- 1 ≤ W ≤ 1000

-----Example-----
Input:

1

3 3 

Output:
4



-----Explanation-----

In the above example the 4 ways are:

AAA

AAB

ABB

BBB
user: Given an array $A$ of length $N$.
We have to find the $maximum$ sum of elements of the subarray between $two$ nearest occurrences of $same$ elements (excluding both).
If both the elements are $even$ then the total number of $even$ elements in that subarray should be $even$ then and then only we consider that subarray and if both the elements are $odd$ then the total number of $odd$ element in that subarray should be $odd$ then and then only we consider that subarray.
If the condition never matches print $0$.

-----Input:-----
- First line contains $T$, number of test cases. Then the test cases follow.
- Each testcase consists of two lines: 
The first line has $N$ : number of elements in the array and second-line has $N$ space separated integers: elements of the array.

-----Output:-----
- For each test case, output in a single line $maximum$ sum.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 10$
- $3 \leq N \leq 2*10^5$
- $1 \leq A[i] \leq 10^8$
$NOTE $: Use of Fast Input Output is recommended.

-----Sample Input:-----
1
10
1 2 3 2 1 5 1 2 8 2

-----Sample Output:-----
7

-----EXPLANATION:-----
The maximum sum is 7, between 1 at  1st position and 1 at 5th position i.e sum of 2,3,2
user: Now that Chef has finished baking and frosting his cupcakes, it's time to package them. Chef has N cupcakes, and needs to decide how many cupcakes to place in each package. Each package must contain the same number of cupcakes. Chef will choose an integer A between 1 and N, inclusive, and place exactly A cupcakes into each package.  Chef makes as many packages as possible. Chef then gets to eat the remaining cupcakes. Chef enjoys eating cupcakes very much. Help Chef choose the package size A that will let him eat as many cupcakes as possible.

-----Input-----

Input begins with an integer T, the number of test cases. Each test case consists of a single integer N, the number of cupcakes.

-----Output-----

For each test case, output the package size that will maximize the number of leftover cupcakes. If multiple package sizes will result in the same number of leftover cupcakes, print the largest such size.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 1000
- 2 ≤ N ≤ 100000000 (108)

-----Sample Input-----
2
2
5

-----Sample Output-----
2
3

-----Explanation-----

In the first test case, there will be no leftover cupcakes regardless of the size Chef chooses, so he chooses the largest possible size.  In the second test case, there will be 2 leftover cupcakes.