meetforever/GRPO_CL huggingface dataset:
user: We all know Gru loves Agnes very much. One day Agnes asked Gru to answer some of her queries. She lined up $N$ minions in a straight line from $1$ to $N$. 
You are given an array $A$ which contains the height of minions. Agnes will ask him several queries. In each query, Gru has to tell whether the bitwise AND of  $A[L \ldots R]$ is EVEN or ODD. Since Gru is busy planning the biggest heist on Earth, he asks for your help.

-----Input:-----
- First line of the input contains an integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases.
For each test case:-
- First line contains an integer $N$ denoting the number of elements.
- Second line contains $N$ spaced integer representing array elements.
- Third line contains $Q$ representing number of query.
- Next $Q$ lines contains two integer $L$ and $R$ as defined above.

-----Output:-----
For each query, output "EVEN" or "ODD" without quotes.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 10$
- $1 \leq N \leq 10^5$
- $1 \leq A_i \leq 10^5$
- $1 \leq Q \leq 10^5$

-----Sample Input:-----
1
5
1 3 2 4 5
3
1 2 
1 5
3 4

-----Sample Output:-----
ODD
EVEN
EVEN

-----Explanation-----
- For the first query, the bitwise AND of 1 and 3 is 1, which is Odd. Hence the first output is ODD.
- For the third query, the bitwise AND of 2 and 4 is 0, which is Even. Hence the third output is EVEN.
user: Motu wants to learn Cricket from a coach, but firstly coach wants to test his IQ level, so he gave Motu $1$ $Red$ $ball$ and $1$ $Black$ $ball$ , and asked him to buy other $x – 1$ red balls and other $y – 1$ black balls from the market. But he put some conditions on buying balls, that if he has $R$ red and $B$ black balls then he can either buy $B$ red balls or $R$ black balls in one operation. He can perform this operation as many times as he want. But as Motu is not so good in solving problems so he needs your help. So you have to tell him whether his coach’s task possible or not.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- Each testcase contains of a single line of input, two integers $x , y$. 

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, print $YES$, if it is possible to complete coach task, else print $NO$(without quotes) in a separate line.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 100000$
- $1 \leq x, y \leq$ 10^18

-----Sample Input:-----
2
1 2
2 3

-----Sample Output:-----
YES
YES
user: The Little Elephant from the Zoo of Lviv is going to the Birthday Party of  the Big Hippo tomorrow. Now he wants to prepare a gift for the Big Hippo.

He has N balloons, numbered from 1 to N. The i-th balloon has the color Ci and it costs Pi dollars. The gift for the Big Hippo will be any subset (chosen randomly, possibly empty) of the balloons such that the number of different colors in that subset is at least M.

Help Little Elephant to find the expected cost of the gift.

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains a single integer T - the number of test cases. T test cases follow. The first line of each test case contains a pair of integers N and M. The next N lines contain N pairs of integers Ci and Pi, one pair per line.

-----Output-----
In T lines print T real numbers - the answers for the corresponding test cases. Your answer will considered correct if it has at most 10^-6 absolute or relative error.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 40
- 1 ≤ N,  Ci≤ 40
- 1 ≤ Pi ≤ 1000000
- 0 ≤ M ≤ K, where K is the number of different colors in the test case.

-----Example-----
Input:
2
2 2
1 4
2 7
2 1
1 4
2 7

Output:
11.000000000
7.333333333
user: You are given $n$ intervals on the $X$ axis. Each interval $i$ is specified by its ends $[L_i, R_i]$. You want to color each interval either blue or yellow. After coloring all the intervals, the $X$ axis will will have $4$ colors:
- White, the part of $X$ axis contained in no interval
- Blue, the part of $X$ axis contained in atleast one blue colored interval and no yellow colored interval.
- Yellow, the part of $X$ axis contained in atleast one yellow colored interval and no blue colored interval.
- Green, the part of $X$ axis contained in at least one blue colored interval and at least one yellow colored interval.
You want to color the intervals so that the total length of the part colored green is maximized. If there are multiple ways to color which maximize the green part, you can output any of them.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- The first line of each testcase contains $n$, the number of intervals.
- The $i^{\text{th}}$ of the next $n$ lines contains two integers $L_i$ and $R_i$ describing the $i^{\text{th}}$ interval.

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output a single string on a new line, whose $i^{\text{th}}$ character is $0$ if you color the $i^{\text{th}}$ interval blue, and $1$ if you color it yellow.

-----Constraints-----
- $ 1 \leq T \leq 10^5 $
- $ 1 \leq n \leq 10^5 $
- The sum of $n$ over all testcases doesn't exceed $10^5$.
- $ 1 \leq L_i \leq R_i \leq 10^9 $ for al $ 1 \leq i \leq n$.

-----Sample Input:-----
1
3
3 7
2 5
6 9

-----Sample Output:-----
100

-----Explanation:-----
The intervals are $[3, 7]$, $[2, 5]$, $[6, 9]$. It is optimal to color them in yellow, blue and blue respectively. In this coloring:
- $[2, 3) \cup (7, 9]$ is colored blue.
- $(5, 6)$ is colored yellow.
- $[3, 5] \cup [6, 7]$ is colored green, with a total length of $(5 - 3) + (7 - 6) = 3$.
- Rest of the $X$ axis is colored white.
Please note that colors at the endpoints of the intervals don't matter when computing the lengths, and we can ignore them. Open and closed intervals have been used in the explanation section only for clarity, and it doesn't matter whether they are open or closed.
Note that 011 is also a valid output.
user: Doubleville, a small town in Texas, was attacked by the aliens. They have abducted some of the residents and taken them to the a spaceship orbiting around earth. After some (quite unpleasant) human experiments, the aliens cloned the victims, and released multiple copies of them back in Doubleville. So now it might happen that there are 6 identical person named Hugh F. Bumblebee: the original person and its 5 copies. The Federal Bureau of Unauthorized Cloning (FBUC) charged you with the task of determining how many copies were made from each person. To help you in your task, FBUC have collected a DNA sample from each person. All copies of the same person have the same DNA sequence, and different people have different sequences (we know that there are no identical twins in the town, this is not an issue).


-----Input-----

The input contains several blocks of test cases. Each case begins with a line containing two integers: the number 1 <= n <= 20000 people, and the length 1 <= m <= 20 of the DNA sequences. The next n lines contain the DNA sequences: each line contains a sequence of m characters, where each character is either 'A', 'C', 'G' or 'T'.

The input is terminated by a block with n = m = 0 .

-----Output-----
For each test case, you have to output n lines, each line containing a single integer. The first line contains the number of different people that were not copied. The second line contains the number of people that were copied only once (i.e., there are two identical copies for each such person.) The third line contains the number of people that are present in three identical copies, and so on: the i -th line contains the number of persons that are present in i identical copies. For example, if there are 11 samples, one of them is from John Smith, and all the others are from copies of Joe Foobar, then you have to print '1' in the first and the tenth lines, and '0' in all the other lines.

-----Example-----
Input:

9 6
AAAAAA
ACACAC
GTTTTG
ACACAC
GTTTTG
ACACAC
ACACAC
TCCCCC
TCCCCC
0 0

Output:

1
2
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
user: Chef likes problems which using some math. Now he asks you to solve next one. You have 4 integers, Chef wondering is there non-empty subset which has sum equals 0.

-----Input-----
The first line of input contains T - number of test cases. 
Each of the next T lines containing four pairwise distinct integer numbers - a, b, c, d.

-----Output-----
For each test case output "Yes", if possible to get 0 by choosing non-empty subset of {a, b, c, d} with sum equal 0, or "No" in another case.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 103
- -106 ≤ a, b, c, d ≤ 106 

-----Example-----
Input:
3
1 2 0 3
1 2 4 -1
1 2 3 4

Output:
Yes
Yes
No

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1. We can choose subset {0} 
Example case 2. We can choose subset {-1, 1}
user: Our Chef is doing what he is best at, COOKING A BARBECUE for his guests. He has invited all of us, and taking the help of his apprentice to smoke the barbecues. The chef has got BBQ sticks, each can take N fillings, and he presents N distinctly filled sticks in front his guests forming a N*N  matrix

But here is the problem, he has got only two type of fillings, meat and capsicum, but still wants the N  sticks to look "presentable", he is very particular about it. As a solution he fills the main diagonal of the N*N  matrix with the same type of filling (either meat or capsicum) forming a "presentable" set

The Chef's apprentice is a fool, so the Chef asks him to cook M distinctly filled sticks ,so that the Chef is sure that among M there exist N sticks forming a "presentable" set. Your job is to determine smallest possible value of M.


-----Input-----
T, the number of test cases, followed by T lines. 
Each line containing the positive integer N >= 4

-----Output-----
T lines of output, each line contain the positive integer M

-----Example-----
Input:
1
4

Output:
5
user: Let's consider a rectangular table R consisting of N rows and M columns. Rows are enumerated from 1  to N from top to bottom. Columns are enumerated from 1 to M from left to right. Each element of R is a non-negative integer. R is called steady if the sum of elements in the ith row is not less then the sum of elements in the (i-1)th row for each i where 2 ≤ i ≤ N and the sum of elements in the Nth row is less than or equal to M. Your task is to find the number of different steady tables of size N x M modulo 1 000 000 000. 

-----Input-----
The first line of input contains a single integer T denoting number of test cases. First and the only line of each test case contains two space separated integers N and M denoting the number of rows and columns respectively.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single integer corresponding to the answer.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 10
- 1 ≤ N, M ≤ 2000

-----Subtasks-----
- Subtask 1 : 1 ≤ T ≤ 10 , 1 ≤ N,M ≤ 50 : ( 23 pts )
- Subtask 2 : 1 ≤ T ≤ 10 , 1 ≤ N,M ≤ 500 : ( 29 pts )
- Subtask 3 : 1 ≤ T ≤ 10 , 1 ≤ N,M ≤ 2000 : ( 48 pts )

-----Example-----
Input:
3
1 1
2 2
2 3
Output:
2
25
273

-----Explanation-----
Test case 1 : There are only 2 such grids possible 0 and 1.
user: Limak has a string S, that consists of N lowercase English letters.
Limak then created a new string by repeating S exactly K times.
For example, for S = "abcb" and K = 2, he would get "abcbabcb".
Your task is to count the number of subsequences "ab" (not necessarily consecutive) in the new string.
In other words, find the number pairs of indices i < j, such that the i-th and j-th characters in the new string are 'a' and 'b' respectively.

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
The first line of each test case contains two integers N and K, denoting the length of the initial string S and the number of repetitions respectively.
The second line contains a string S.
Its length is exactly N, and each of its characters is a lowercase English letter.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing one integer — the number of subsequences "ab" in the new string.
For the given constraints, it can be proved that the answer fits in the 64-bit signed type.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 10
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 105
- 1 ≤ N * K ≤ 109 (in other words, the new string has length up to 109)

-----Example-----
Input:
3
4 2
abcb
7 1
aayzbaa
12 80123123
abzbabzbazab

Output:
6
2
64197148392731290

-----Explanation-----
Test case 1. Limak repeated the string "abcb" 2 times, and so he got "abcbabcb". There are 6 occurrences of the subsequence "ab":
- ABcbabcb (the two letters marked uppercase)
- AbcBabcb
- AbcbaBcb
- AbcbabcB
- abcbABcb
- abcbAbcB
Test case 2. Since K = 1, the new string is equal to the given S ("aayzbaa"). There are 2 occurrences of the subsequence "ab" in this string: AayzBaa and aAyzBaa.
user: Zonal Computing Olympiad 2013, 10 Nov 2012
N teams participate in a league cricket tournament on Mars, where each pair of distinct teams plays each other exactly once. Thus, there are a total of (N × (N-1))/2 matches. An expert has assigned a strength to each team, a positive integer. Strangely, the Martian crowds love one-sided matches and the advertising revenue earned from a match is the absolute value of the difference between the strengths of the two matches. Given the strengths of the N teams, find the total advertising revenue earned from all the matches.

For example, suppose N is 4 and the team strengths for teams 1, 2, 3, and 4 are 3, 10, 3, and 5 respectively. Then the advertising revenues from the 6 matches are as follows:

Match Team A Team B Ad revenue 1 1 2 7  2 1 3 0  3 1 4 2  4 2 3 7  5 2 4 5  6 3 4 2 

Thus the total advertising revenue is 23.

-----Input format-----
Line 1 : A single integer, N.
Line 2 : N space-separated integers, the strengths of the N teams.

-----Output format-----
A single integer, the total advertising revenue from the tournament.

-----Sample input-----
4
3 10 3 5

-----Sample output-----
23

-----Test data-----
In all subtasks, the strength of each team is an integer between 1 and 1,000 inclusive.
- Subtask 1 (30 marks) : 2 ≤ N ≤ 1,000.
- Subtask 2 (70 marks) : 2 ≤ N ≤ 200,000.

-----Live evaluation data-----
- Subtask 1: Testcases 0,1,2.
- Subtask 2: Testcases 3,4,5.

-----Note-----
The answer might not fit in a variable of type int. We recommend that type long long be used for computing all advertising revenues. If you use printf and scanf, you can use %lld for long long.
user: Vivek was quite bored with the lockdown, so he came up with an interesting task. He successfully completed this task and now, he would like you to solve it.
You are given two strings $A$ and $B$, each with length $N$. Let's index the characters in each string from $0$ ― for each $i$ ($0 \le i < N$), the $i+1$-th characters of $A$ and $B$ are denoted by $A_i$ and $B_i$ respectively. You should convert $A$ to $B$ by performing operations of the following type:
- Choose a subset $S$ of the set $\{0, 1, \ldots, N-1\}$.
- Let $c$ be the alphabetically smallest character among $A_x$ for all $x \in S$.
- For each $x \in S$, replace $A_x$ by $c$.
You should find the smallest necessary number of operations or report that it is impossible to convert $A$ to $B$. If it is possible, you also need to find one way to convert $A$ to $B$ using this smallest number of operations. If there are multiple solutions, you may find any one.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.
- The second line contains a single string $A$.
- The third line contains a single string $B$.

-----Output-----
For each test case:
- If it is impossible to convert $A$ to $B$, print a single line containing the integer $-1$.
- Otherwise, first, print a line containing a single integer $K$ ― the minimum number of operations.
- Then, print $K$ lines describing the operations. Each of these lines should contain a positive integer $Z$, followed by a space and $Z$ pairwise distinct space-separated integers from the set $\{0, 1, \ldots, N-1\}$ ― the elements of $S$.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 20$
- $1 \le N \le 10^3$
- $|A| = |B| = N$
- $A$ and $B$ contain only lowercase English letters

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (30 points): $B$ contains only characters 'a' and 'b'
Subtask #2 (70 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
3
5
abcab
aabab
3
aaa
aab
2
de
cd

-----Example Output-----
2
3 1 2 4
3 0 1 3
-1
-1

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1:
- First, we can choose $S = (1, 2, 4)$, so the character $c$ is 'b' and the string $A$ after this operation is "abbab".
- Then, we choose $S = (0, 1, 3)$, so $c$ is 'a', and $A$ becomes "aabab".
- There is no way to convert $A$ to $B$ in only one operation.
Example case 2: We can see that it is impossible to convert $A$ to $B$ since $c$ is always 'a'.
Example case 3: We can see again that it is impossible to convert $A$ to $B$ since $c$ cannot be 'c'.
user: Bear Limak has a sequence of N non-negative integers A1, A2, ..., AN. He defines the score of a segment (consecutive subsequence) as its sum of elements modulo P (not necessarily prime). Find the maximum score of a non-empty segment, and also find the number of segments with this maximum score.

-----Input-----
First line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
For each test case, the first line of the input contains two space separated integers, N and P.
The second line contains N space separated integers denoting the sequence.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output two space separated integers denoting the maximum score of a segment and the number of segments with the score, respectively.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 10
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 105
- 1 ≤ P ≤ 109
- 0 ≤ Ai ≤ 109 

Subtask #1: (25 points)
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 100

Subtask #2: (25 points)
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 1000

Subtask #3: (50 points)
- original constraints

-----Example-----
Input:
4
2 3
1 2
3 5
2 4 3
3 100
1 3 5
4 3
1 2 3 4

Output:
2 1
4 2
9 1
2 2

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1. There are three segments - [1], [2] and [1, 2]. Sum of these segments are 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Sum of these segments modulo 3 will be 1, 2 and 0. Maximum score among these is 2. There is also only one segment with this score.
Example case 2. There are six segments - [2], [4], [3], [2, 4], [4, 3] and [2, 4, 3]. Sum of these segments are 2, 4, 3, 6, 7, 9 respectively. Sum of these segments modulo 5 will be 2, 4, 3, 1, 2, 4. Maximum score among these is 4. And there are two segments with this score.
user: Chef has a sequence $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$. This sequence has exactly $2^N$ subsequences. Chef considers a subsequence of $A$ interesting if its size is exactly $K$ and the sum of all its elements is minimum possible, i.e. there is no subsequence with size $K$ which has a smaller sum.
Help Chef find the number of interesting subsequences of the sequence $A$.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains two space-separated integers $N$ and $K$.
- The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the number of interesting subsequences.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10$
- $1 \le K \le N \le 50$
- $1 \le A_i \le 100$ for each valid $i$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (30 points): $1 \le N \le 20$
Subtask #2 (70 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
1
4 2
1 2 3 4

-----Example Output-----
1

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1: There are six subsequences with length $2$: $(1, 2)$, $(1, 3)$, $(1, 4)$, $(2, 3)$, $(2, 4)$ and $(3, 4)$. The minimum sum is $3$ and the only subsequence with this sum is $(1, 2)$.
user: Galileo's latest project involves determining the density of stars in certain regions of the sky. For this purpose he started looking for datasets online, and discovered a dataset on Newton's blog. Newton had decomposed the night sky into a Voronoi tessellation with the generators arranged in a grid. He has stored the number of stars in a Voronoi cell at a position in a matrix that corresponds to the position of the generator in the grid.
This dataset does not directly help Galileo, because he needs to be able to query the number of stars in a rectangular portion of the sky. Galileo tried to write a program that does this on his own, but it turned out to be too slow. Can you help him?

-----Input Format-----
The first line contains two integers n and m that denote the height and width of the matrix respectively. This is followed by  n lines each containing m integers each.
The line following this would contain a single integer t, the number of queries to be run. Each query line consists of 4 integers px, py, qx, qy. The first two integers denote the row and column numbers of the upper left corner of the rectangular region, and the second pair of numbers correspond to the lower right corner.

-----Output Format-----
For each query output a single line containing the number of stars in that rectangular region.

-----Example-----
Input:

3 3
10 10 10
10 10 10
10 10 10
4
1 1 1 1
1 1 3 3
2 1 3 3
3 1 3 3

Output:

10
90
60
30
user: Striver$Striver$ wants to strive hard in order to reach his goals, hence asks his mentor to give him a question for which he has to strive hard. 
The mentor gives Striver$Striver$ a N$N$ X N$N$ matrix consisting of lowercase characters (′a′$'a'$ to ′z′$'z'$) and Q$Q$ queries. Every query consists of X$X$ and Y$Y$. From any position in the matrix, one can either move towards the right or towards down. He asks striver to write down all the paths from (1,1)$(1, 1)$ to (X,Y)$(X, Y)$ and find out which string has the maximum number of character ′a′$'a'$ in it and answer him the number of characters which are not 'a' in that string. 
Striver wants to strive hard but also wants to impress his mentor. He asks for your help to answer Q$Q$ queries given by his mentor as fast as he can so that he can impress his mentor also. Can you help him to answer the Q queries?

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain T$T$, number of test cases. Then the test cases follow. 
- First line of every test case contains a number N$N$ and Q$Q$ which denotes the dimensions of the matrix and number of queries respectively.  
- N lines follow, which contains N numbers each denoting the elements of the matrix. 
- Q line follow, every line contains X and Y. 

-----Output:-----
For every test case, print a single integer which prints the answer to mentor's every query. 

-----Constraints-----
- 1≤T≤10$1 \leq T \leq 10$
- 1≤N≤103$1 \leq N \leq 10^3$
- 1≤Q≤105$1 \leq Q \leq 10^5$
- 1≤X,Y≤N$1 \leq X, Y \leq N$

-----Sample Input:-----
1
3 2 
a b a 
a c d 
b a b
1 3
3 3 

-----Sample Output:-----
1 
2

-----EXPLANATION:-----
Query-1: There is only one path from (1,1) to (1,3) i.e.,"aba" and the number of characters which are not 'a' is 1. 
Query-2:  The path which has the maximum number of 'a' in it is "aabab", hence non 'a' characters are 2.