meetforever/GRPO_CL huggingface dataset:
user: You are given two integers $N$ and $M$. Find the number of sequences $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$, where each element is an integer between $1$ and $M$ (inclusive) and no three consecutive elements are equal. Since this number could be very large, compute it modulo $10^9+7$.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains two space-separated integers $N$ and $M$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the number of valid sequences modulo $10^9+7$.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10^5$
- $1 \le N, M \le 10^{18}$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (50 points):
- $T \le 20$
- $N \le 10^5$
Subtask #2 (50 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
2 
2 2
3 4

-----Example Output-----
4
60
user: Chef is making Window frames for his new office, for this he has  n wooden Logs whose lengths are l1, l2, … ln respectively. Chef Doesn’t want to break any logs or Stick 2 or more logs together.
To make a  h × w Window Frame, he needs two Logs with lengths equal h and two with length . 
The Chef wants as much sunlight in as possible and for it he has decided to make from the available logs as many frames as possible. Help him in finding the number of window Frames that he can make. 
Note : Chef do not need to use all the logs
Input:
The first line of the input contains a single integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of each test case follows :.
The first line of each test case contains a single integer n the number of wooden logs. 
The second line contains  n space-separated integers l1,l2,l3….ln The length of each wooden log
Output: 
The only line in Output Contains single Integer denoting the maximum possible number of Wooden Frames.
Constraints:
1 ≤ T ≤ 10
1 ≤ n ≤ 100
1 ≤ li ≤ 10000
Example Input:
2
4
1 2 1 2
8
1 2 1 3 4 1 5 6
Example Output:
1
0
Explanation :
First Case :  We can build a frame of dimension 1x2 as two logs of each dimension are available.
Second Case :  We can’t build any Frame as no logs of length except 1 have more than one piece.
user: Henry and Derek are waiting on a room, eager to join the Snackdown 2016 Qualifier Round. They decide to pass the time by playing a game.  
In this game's setup, they write N positive integers on a blackboard. Then the players take turns, starting with Henry. In a turn, a player selects one of the integers, divides it by 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and then takes the floor to make it an integer again. If the integer becomes 0, it is erased from the board. The player who makes the last move wins.  

Henry and Derek are very competitive, so aside from wanting to win Snackdown, they also want to win this game. Assuming they play with the optimal strategy, your task is to predict who wins the game.  

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
The first line of each test case contains a single integer N denoting the number of integers they wrote on the board. The second line contains N space-separated integers A1, A2, ..., AN denoting the integers themselves.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing either “Henry” or “Derek” (without quotes), denoting the winner of the game.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 1000
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 100
- 1 ≤ Ai ≤ 1018

-----Example-----
Input:2
2
3 4
3
1 3 5

Output:Henry
Derek

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1. In this test case, the numbers on the board are [3,4]. Henry can win by selecting 4 and then dividing it by 2. The integers on the board are now [3,2]. Derek now has a couple of choices:
- Derek can divide 2 by 3, 4, 5 or 6, making it 0 and removing it. Now only one integer remains on the board, 3, and Henry can just divide it by 6 to finish, and win, the game.
- Derek can divide 3 by 4, 5 or 6, making it 0 and removing it. Now only one integer remains on the board, 2, and Henry can just divide it by 6 to finish, and win, the game.
- Derek can divide 2 by 2. Now the integers are [1,3]. Henry can respond by dividing 3 by 3. The integers are now [1,1]. Now Derek has no choice but to divide 1 by 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 and remove it (because it becomes 0). Henry can respond by dividing the remaining 1 by 2 to finish, and win, the game.
- Derek can divide 3 by 2 or 3. Now the integers are [1,2]. Henry can respond by dividing 2 by 2. The integers are now [1,1]. This leads to a situation as in the previous case and Henry wins.
user: You are given an unweighted tree with N$N$ nodes (numbered 1$1$ through N$N$). Let's denote the distance between any two nodes p$p$ and q$q$ by d(p,q)$d(p, q)$.
You should answer Q$Q$ queries. In each query, you are given parameters a$a$, da$d_a$, b$b$, db$d_b$, and you should find a node x$x$ such that d(x,a)=da$d(x, a) = d_a$ and d(x,b)=db$d(x, b) = d_b$, or determine that there is no such node.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer T$T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of T$T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains two space-separated integers N$N$ and Q$Q$.
- Each of the next N−1$N-1$ lines contains two space-separated integers u$u$ and v$v$ denoting that nodes u$u$ and v$v$ are connected by an edge.
- Each of the next Q$Q$ lines contains four space-separated integers a$a$, da$d_a$, b$b$ and db$d_b$ describing a query.

-----Output-----
For each query, print a single line containing one integer ― the number of a node satisfying the given requirements, or −1$-1$ if no such node exists.
If there are multiple solutions, you may output any one.

-----Constraints-----
- 1≤T≤1,000$1 \le T \le 1,000$
- 1≤N,Q≤106$1 \le N, Q \le 10^6$
- 1≤u,v≤N$1 \le u, v \le N$
- the graph on the input is a tree
- 1≤a,b≤N$1 \le a, b \le N$
- 1≤da,db<N$1 \le d_a, d_b < N$
- the sum of N$N$ over all test cases does not exceed 106$10^6$
- the sum of Q$Q$ over all test cases does not exceed 106$10^6$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (50 points):
- 1≤N,Q≤1,000$1 \le N, Q \le 1,000$
- the sum of N$N$ over all test cases does not exceed 1,000$1,000$
- the sum of Q$Q$ over all test cases does not exceed 1,000$1,000$
Subtask #2 (50 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
1
5 3
1 2
2 3
3 4
3 5
2 1 4 1
2 2 4 2
1 1 2 1

-----Example Output-----
3
5
-1
user: Chef recently printed directions from his home to a hot new restaurant across the town, but forgot to print the directions to get back home. Help Chef to transform the directions to get home from the restaurant.
A set of directions consists of several instructions. The first instruction is of the form "Begin on XXX", indicating the street that the route begins on. Each subsequent instruction is of the form "Left on XXX" or "Right on XXX", indicating a turn onto the specified road.
When reversing directions, all left turns become right turns and vice versa, and the order of roads and turns is reversed. See the sample input for examples.

-----Input-----
Input will begin with an integer T, the number of test cases that follow. Each test case begins with an integer N, the number of instructions in the route. N lines follow, each with exactly one instruction in the format described above.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print the directions of the reversed route, one instruction per line. Print a blank line after each test case.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 15
- 2 ≤ N ≤ 40
- Each line in the input will contain at most 50 characters, will contain only alphanumeric characters and spaces and will not contain consecutive spaces nor trailing spaces. By alphanumeric characters we mean digits and letters of the English alphabet (lowercase and uppercase).

-----Sample Input-----
2
4
Begin on Road A
Right on Road B
Right on Road C
Left on Road D
6
Begin on Old Madras Road
Left on Domlur Flyover
Left on 100 Feet Road
Right on Sarjapur Road
Right on Hosur Road
Right on Ganapathi Temple Road

-----Sample Output-----
Begin on Road D
Right on Road C
Left on Road B
Left on Road A

Begin on Ganapathi Temple Road
Left on Hosur Road
Left on Sarjapur Road
Left on 100 Feet Road
Right on Domlur Flyover
Right on Old Madras Road

-----Explanation-----
In the first test case, the destination lies on Road D, hence the reversed route begins on Road D. The final turn in the original route is turning left from Road C onto Road D. The reverse of this, turning right from Road D onto Road C, is the first turn in the reversed route.
user: For her next karate demonstration, Ada will break some bricks.
Ada stacked three bricks on top of each other. Initially, their widths (from top to bottom) are $W_1, W_2, W_3$.
Ada's strength is $S$. Whenever she hits a stack of bricks, consider the largest $k \ge 0$ such that the sum of widths of the topmost $k$ bricks does not exceed $S$; the topmost $k$ bricks break and are removed from the stack. Before each hit, Ada may also decide to reverse the current stack of bricks, with no cost.
Find the minimum number of hits Ada needs in order to break all bricks if she performs the reversals optimally. You are not required to minimise the number of reversals.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first and only line of each test case contains four space-separated integers $S$, $W_1$, $W_2$ and $W_3$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the minimum required number of hits.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 64$
- $1 \le S \le 8$
- $1 \le W_i \le 2$ for each valid $i$
- it is guaranteed that Ada can break all bricks

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (50 points): $W_1 = W_2 = W_3$
Subtask #2 (50 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
3
3 1 2 2
2 1 1 1
3 2 2 1

-----Example Output-----
2
2
2

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1: Ada can reverse the stack and then hit it two times. Before the first hit, the widths of bricks in the stack (from top to bottom) are $(2,2,1)$. After the first hit, the topmost brick breaks and the stack becomes $(2,1)$. The second hit breaks both remaining bricks.
In this particular case, it is also possible to hit the stack two times without reversing. Before the first hit, it is $(1, 2, 2)$. The first hit breaks the two bricks at the top (so the stack becomes $(2)$) and the second hit breaks the last brick.
user: Kostya likes the number 4 much. Of course! This number has such a lot of properties, like:

- Four is the smallest composite number;
- It is also the smallest Smith number;
- The smallest non-cyclic group has four elements;
- Four is the maximal degree of the equation that can be solved in radicals;
- There is four-color theorem that states that any map can be colored in no more than four colors in such a way that no two adjacent regions are colored in the same color;
- Lagrange's four-square theorem states that every positive integer can be written as the sum of at most four square numbers;
- Four is the maximum number of dimensions of a real division algebra;
- In bases 6 and 12, 4 is a 1-automorphic number;
- And there are a lot more cool stuff about this number!

Impressed by the power of this number, Kostya has begun to look for occurrences of four anywhere. He has a list of T integers, for each of them he wants to calculate the number of occurrences of the digit 4 in the decimal representation. He is too busy now, so please help him.

-----Input-----
The first line of input consists of a single integer T, denoting the number of integers in Kostya's list.
Then, there are T lines, each of them contain a single integer from the list.

-----Output-----
Output T lines. Each of these lines should contain the number of occurences of the digit 4 in the respective integer from Kostya's list.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 105
- (Subtask 1): 0 ≤ Numbers from the list  ≤ 9 - 33 points.
- (Subtask 2): 0 ≤ Numbers from the list  ≤ 109 - 67 points.

-----Example-----
Input:
5
447474
228
6664
40
81

Output:
4
0
1
1
0
user: Every day, Mike goes to his job by a bus, where he buys a ticket. On the ticket, there is a letter-code that can be represented as a string of upper-case Latin letters.
Mike believes that the day will be successful in case exactly two different letters in the code alternate.  Otherwise, he believes that the day will be unlucky. Please see note section for formal definition of alternating code.
You are given a ticket code. Please determine, whether the day will be successful for Mike or not. Print "YES" or "NO" (without quotes) corresponding to the situation.

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
The first and only line of each test case contains a single string S denoting the letter code on the ticket.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing "YES" (without quotes) in case the day will be successful and "NO" otherwise.

-----Note-----
Two letters x, y where x != y are said to be alternating in a code, if code is of form "xyxyxy...".

-----Constraints-----

- 1 ≤ T ≤ 100
- S consists only of upper-case Latin letters

Subtask 1 (50 points):

- |S| = 2

Subtask 2 (50 points):

- 2 ≤ |S| ≤ 100

-----Example-----
Input:
2
ABABAB
ABC

Output:
YES
NO
user: A spy needs your help to encrypt a 5 letter message. 
To encrypt the message the following steps are need to be done:
1)Each letter of the message will be converted to it's equivalent number (i.e A=0, B=1,..Z=25) 
2)98, 57, 31, 45, 46 are the 5 numbers in the key.
3)Add the equivalent number of the first letter of the message to the first number of the key, then the equivalent number of the second letter of the message to the second number of the key and so on.
4)Take modulo 26 of the sum of each expression.
5)Convert the newly obtained numbers into it's equivalent letters (i.e 0=A, 1=B,…25=Z)
Print the final encrypted string.
Note: It is guaranteed that the given string only contains Only Upper-case Latin Letters.

-----Input:-----
- The first line of the input contains a single Integer $T$. $T$ denoting the number of testcases, description of each testcases contains.
- The first line of the each testcase contains a single string $S$. $S$ denoting the string which you need to encrypt

-----Output:-----
- For each test case, print encypted string i.e result of above operation.
Note: Each testcase output must be printed on new line

-----Constraints:-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 100$
- $1 \leq S \leq 5$

-----Sample Input:-----
2
HELLO
HELL

-----Sample Output:-----
BJQEI
BJQE

-----Explanation:-----
- For 1st Testcase : The conversion of "HELLO" to its equivalent number will be 7, 4, 11, 11, 14 respectively.
Then we add each equivalent number of the message with corresponding number in the key:
7 + 98 = 105
4 + 57 = 61 
11 + 31 = 42 
11 + 45 = 56
14 + 46 = 60
Further we take the sum:
105 modulo 26 = 1
61 modulo 26 = 9
42 modulo 26 = 16
56 modulo 26 = 4
60 modulo 26 = 8 
Finally, convert the newly obtained numbers into it's equivalent letters:
B
J
Q
E
I
Print the final string:
BJQEI
user: $Jaggu$ monkey a friend of $Choota$ $Bheem$ a great warrior of $Dholakpur$. He gets everything he wants. Being a friend of $Choota$ $Bheem$ he never has to struggle for anything, because of this he is in a great debt of $Choota$ $Bheem$, he really wants to pay his debt off.
Finally the time has come to pay his debt off, $Jaggu$ is on a magical tree. He wants to collect apples from different branches but he is in a hurry. $Botakpur$ has attacked on $Dholakpur$ and $Bheem$ is severely injured, as been instructed by the village witch, $Bheem$ can only be saved by the apples of the magical tree. Each apple is placed in Tree Node structure and each apple has some sweetness. Now there's a problem as $Jaggu$ is also injured so he can only slide downwards and alse is collecting apples in his hand so he can't climb. You would be given $Q$ queries. Queries are of 2 type :-
- 
Ending Node Node of $Jaggu$ is given. $format$ - type of query node -(1 2)
- 
Sweetness of Apple on a given node is changed. $format$ - type of query node new sweetness(2 3 10)
$Note$: $Jaggu$ is always on the top of tree initially in each query.The sweetness is always positive.
Help $Jaggu$ in saving $Bheem$

-----Input:-----
- First line contains $N$ - (number of nodes).  
- Next line contains $N$ integers with space giving sweetness of apple on Nodes $(1 to N)$
- Next $N-1$ lines contain  $N1$ $N2$ connected nodes.
- Next line contains single integer $Q$ Number of queries

-----Output:-----
- For each query of type 1, print total sweetness of apples. 

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq N \leq 10^4$
- $2 \leq Q \leq 10^4$

-----Sample Input:-----
10
10 12 6 8 1 19 0 5 13 17
1 2
1 3
1 4
3 10
4 8
8 9
4 5
5 7
5 6
3
1 1
2 3 20
1 8

-----Sample Output:-----
10
23

-----EXPLANATION:-----
This sweetness array is :
$[10,2,6,8,1,19,0,5,13,17]$
The tree is:
1   

/  |   \      

2    3     4     

/    /    \      

10     8        5   

/        /    \     

9         7        6
user: Probably everyone has experienced an awkward situation due to shared armrests between seats in cinemas. A highly accomplished cinema manager named "Chef" decided to solve this problem.

When a customer wants to buy a ticket, the clerk at the ticket window asks the visitor if they need the armrests, and if so, which of them: left, right, or both. We know that out of the audience expected to show up, L of them only need the left armrest, R of them need just the right one, Z need none and B need both. Your task is to calculate the maximum number of people that can attend the show. In the cinema hall there are N rows with M seats each. There is only one armrest between two adjacent seats. Seats at the beginning and at the end of the row have two armrests

-----Input-----

Input begins with an integer T: the number of test cases.

Each test case consists of a single line with 6 space-separated integers: N, M, Z, L, R, B.

-----Output-----

For each test case, output a line containing the answer for the task.

-----Constraints and Subtasks-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 105 
Subtask 1 : 10 points 
- 1 ≤ N, M ≤ 3 
- 0 ≤ Z, L, R, B ≤ 3 
Subtask 2 : 20 points 
- 1 ≤ N, M ≤ 30 
- 0 ≤ Z, L, R ≤ 30 
- 0 ≤ B ≤ 109 
Subtask 3 : 30 points
- 1 ≤ N, M ≤ 106 
- 0 ≤ Z, L, R ≤ 106 
- 0 ≤ B ≤ 1016 
Subtask 4 : 40 points
- 1 ≤ N, M ≤ 108 
- 0 ≤ Z, L, R, B ≤ 1016 

-----Example-----
Input:2
2 2 3 2 1 1
3 3 1 2 0 9

Output:4
8

-----Explanation-----
'L' - needs left

'R - needs right

'Z' - doesn't need any

'B' - needs both

'-' - empty place

Example case 1.
ZZ

ZB
Example case 2.
LLB

BZB

B-B
user: You are given a binary string S. You need to transform this string into another string of equal length consisting only of zeros, with the minimum number of operations.
A single operation consists of taking some prefix of the string S and flipping all its values. That is, change all the 0s in this prefix to 1s, and all the 1s in the prefix to 0s. You can use this operation as many number of times as you want over any prefix of the string.

-----Input-----
The only line of the input contains the binary string,  S . 

-----Output-----
Output a single line containing one integer, the minimum number of operations that are needed to transform the given string S into the string of equal length consisting only of zeros.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ |S| ≤ 100,000

-----Subtasks-----
- Subtask #1 (30 points): 1 ≤ |S| ≤ 2000
- Subtask #2 (70 points): Original constraints.

-----Example-----
Input:
01001001

Output:
6

-----Explanation-----
For the given sample case, let us look at the way where we achieved minimum number of operations.

Operation 1: You flip values in the prefix of length 8 and transform the string into 10110110 
Operation 2: You flip values in the prefix of length 7 and transform the string into 01001000 
Operation 3: You flip values in the prefix of length 5 and transform the string into 10110000 
Operation 4: You flip values in the prefix of length 4 and transform the string into 01000000 
Operation 5: You flip values in the prefix of length 2 and transform the string into 10000000 
Operation 6: You flip values in the prefix of length 1 and finally, transform the string into 00000000
user: -----Problem-----

			Once THANMAY met PK who is from a different planet visiting earth. THANMAY was very fascinate to learn PK's language. The language contains only lowercase English letters and is based on a simple logic that only certain characters can follow a particular character.


			Now he is interested in calculating the number of possible words of length L and ending at a particular character C. Help THANMAY to calculate this value. 

-----Input-----

			The input begins with 26 lines, each containing 26 space-separated integers. The integers can be either 0 or 1. The jth integer at ith line depicts whether jth English alphabet can follow ith English alphabet or not.


			 Next line contains an integer T. T is the number of queries.

			 Next T lines contains a character C and an integer L.

-----Output-----

			For each query output the count of words of length L ending with the character C. Answer to each query must be followed by newline character.


			The answer may be very large so print it modulo 1000000007.

-----Constraints-----
- 
					1 ≤ T ≤ 100
- 
C is lowercase English alphabet.

- 
					2 ≤ L ≤ 10000000
		

-----Sample Input-----
0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

2

c 3

b 2

-----Sample Output-----
1

2

-----Explanation-----

			For query 1, Words of length 3 are: aba, acb, bab, bac, cba. The only word ending with 'c' is bac.
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