meetforever/GRPO_CL huggingface dataset:
user: =====Problem Statement=====
You are given two sets, A and B.
Your job is to find whether set A is a subset of set B.

If set A is subset of set B, print True.
If set A is not a subset of set B, print False.

=====Input Format=====
The first line will contain the number of test cases, T.
The first line of each test case contains the number of elements in set A.
The second line of each test case contains the space separated elements of set A.
The third line of each test case contains the number of elements in set B.
The fourth line of each test case contains the space separated elements of set B.

=====Constraints=====
0<T<21
0<Number of elements in each set<1001

=====Output Format=====
Output True or False for each test case on separate lines.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
Given a list of rational numbers,find their product.

Concept
The reduce() function applies a function of two arguments cumulatively on a list of objects in succession from left to right to reduce it to one value. Say you have a list, say [1,2,3] and you have to find its sum.

>>> reduce(lambda x, y : x + y,[1,2,3])
6

You can also define an initial value. If it is specified, the function will assume initial value as the value given, and then reduce. It is equivalent to adding the initial value at the beginning of the list. For example:

>>> reduce(lambda x, y : x + y, [1,2,3], -3)
3

>>> from fractions import gcd
>>> reduce(gcd, [2,4,8], 3)
1

=====Input Format=====
First line contains n, the number of rational numbers.
The ith of next n lines contain two integers each, the numerator (N_i) and denominator (D_i) of the ith rational number in the list.

=====Constraints=====
1≤n≤100
1≤N_i,D_i≤10^9

=====Output Format=====
Print only one line containing the numerator and denominator of the product of the numbers in the list in its simplest form, i.e. numerator and denominator have no common divisor other than 1.
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
collections.Counter()
A counter is a container that stores elements as dictionary keys, and their counts are stored as dictionary values.

Sample Code
>>> from collections import Counter
>>> 
>>> myList = [1,1,2,3,4,5,3,2,3,4,2,1,2,3]
>>> print Counter(myList)
Counter({2: 4, 3: 4, 1: 3, 4: 2, 5: 1})
>>>
>>> print Counter(myList).items()
[(1, 3), (2, 4), (3, 4), (4, 2), (5, 1)]
>>> 
>>> print Counter(myList).keys()
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
>>> 
>>> print Counter(myList).values()
[3, 4, 4, 2, 1]

=====Problem Statement=====
Raghu is a shoe shop owner. His shop has X number of shoes.
He has a list containing the size of each shoe he has in his shop.
There are N number of customers who are willing to pay x_i amount of money only if they get the shoe of their desired size. Your task is to compute how much money Raghu earned.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains X, the number of shoes.
The second line contains the space separated list of all the shoe sizes in the shop.
The third line contains N, the number of customers.
The next N lines contain the space separated values of the shoe size desired by the customer and x_i, the price of the shoe.


=====Constraints=====
0<X<10^3
0<N≤10^3
0<x_i<100
2<shoe size<20

=====Output Format=====
Print the amount of money earned by Raghu.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
In this task, we would like for you to appreciate the usefulness of the groupby() function of itertools.
You are given a string S. Suppose a character 'c' occurs consecutively X times in the string. Replace these consecutive occurrences of the character 'c' with (X, c) in the string.

=====Input Format=====
A single line of input consisting of the string S.

=====Output Format=====
A single line of output consisting of the modified string.

=====Constraints=====
All the characters of S denote integers between 0 and 9. 
1≤|S|≤10^4

Sample Input

1222311

Sample Output

(1, 1) (3, 2) (1, 3) (2, 1)

Explanation

First, the character  occurs only once. It is replaced by . Then the character  occurs three times, and it is replaced by  and so on.

Also, note the single space within each compression and between the compressions.
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
inner

The inner tool returns the inner product of two arrays.

import numpy

A = numpy.array([0, 1])
B = numpy.array([3, 4])

print numpy.inner(A, B)     #Output : 4

outer

The outer tool returns the outer product of two arrays.

import numpy

A = numpy.array([0, 1])
B = numpy.array([3, 4])

print numpy.outer(A, B)     #Output : [[0 0]
                            #          [3 4]]

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given two arrays: A and B.
Your task is to compute their inner and outer product.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains the space separated elements of array A.
The second line contains the space separated elements of array B.

=====Output Format=====
First, print the inner product.
Second, print the outer product.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
A valid email address meets the following criteria:

It's composed of a username, domain name, and extension assembled in this format: username@domain.extension
The username starts with an English alphabetical character, and any subsequent characters consist of one or more of the following: alphanumeric characters, -,., and _.
The domain and extension contain only English alphabetical characters.
The extension is 1, 2, or 3 characters in length.

Given n pairs of names and email addresses as input, print each name and email address pair having a valid email address on a new line.

Hint: Try using Email.utils() to complete this challenge. For example, this code:

import email.utils
print email.utils.parseaddr('DOSHI <DOSHI@hackerrank.com>')
print email.utils.formataddr(('DOSHI', 'DOSHI@hackerrank.com'))

produces this output:

('DOSHI', 'DOSHI@hackerrank.com')
DOSHI <DOSHI@hackerrank.com>

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains a single integer, n, denoting the number of email address.
Each line i of the n subsequent lines contains a name and an email address as two space-separated values following this format:
name <user@email.com>

=====Constraints=====
0<n<100

=====Output Format=====
Print the space-separated name and email address pairs containing valid email addresses only. Each pair must be printed on a new line in the following format:
name <user@email.com>

You must print each valid email address in the same order as it was received as input.
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
In Python, a string of text can be aligned left, right and center.

.ljust(width)

This method returns a left aligned string of length width.

>>> width = 20
>>> print 'HackerRank'.ljust(width,'-')
HackerRank----------  

.center(width)

This method returns a centered string of length width.

>>> width = 20
>>> print 'HackerRank'.center(width,'-')
-----HackerRank-----

.rjust(width)

This method returns a right aligned string of length width.

>>> width = 20
>>> print 'HackerRank'.rjust(width,'-')
----------HackerRank

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given a partial code that is used for generating the HackerRank Logo of variable thickness.
Your task is to replace the blank (______) with rjust, ljust or center.

=====Input Format=====
A single line containing the thickness value for the logo.

=====Constraints=====
The thickness must be an odd number.
0 < thickness < 50

=====Output Format=====
Output the desired logo.
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
Calendar Module
The calendar module allows you to output calendars and provides additional useful functions for them.

class calendar.TextCalendar([firstweekday])

This class can be used to generate plain text calendars.

Sample Code
>>> import calendar
>>> 
>>> print calendar.TextCalendar(firstweekday=6).formatyear(2015)
                                  2015

      January                   February                   March
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
             1  2  3       1  2  3  4  5  6  7       1  2  3  4  5  6  7
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10       8  9 10 11 12 13 14       8  9 10 11 12 13 14
11 12 13 14 15 16 17      15 16 17 18 19 20 21      15 16 17 18 19 20 21
18 19 20 21 22 23 24      22 23 24 25 26 27 28      22 23 24 25 26 27 28
25 26 27 28 29 30 31                                29 30 31

       April                      May                       June
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
          1  2  3  4                      1  2          1  2  3  4  5  6
 5  6  7  8  9 10 11       3  4  5  6  7  8  9       7  8  9 10 11 12 13
12 13 14 15 16 17 18      10 11 12 13 14 15 16      14 15 16 17 18 19 20
19 20 21 22 23 24 25      17 18 19 20 21 22 23      21 22 23 24 25 26 27
26 27 28 29 30            24 25 26 27 28 29 30      28 29 30
                          31

        July                     August                  September
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
          1  2  3  4                         1             1  2  3  4  5
 5  6  7  8  9 10 11       2  3  4  5  6  7  8       6  7  8  9 10 11 12
12 13 14 15 16 17 18       9 10 11 12 13 14 15      13 14 15 16 17 18 19
19 20 21 22 23 24 25      16 17 18 19 20 21 22      20 21 22 23 24 25 26
26 27 28 29 30 31         23 24 25 26 27 28 29      27 28 29 30
                          30 31

      October                   November                  December
Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa      Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa
             1  2  3       1  2  3  4  5  6  7             1  2  3  4  5
 4  5  6  7  8  9 10       8  9 10 11 12 13 14       6  7  8  9 10 11 12
11 12 13 14 15 16 17      15 16 17 18 19 20 21      13 14 15 16 17 18 19
18 19 20 21 22 23 24      22 23 24 25 26 27 28      20 21 22 23 24 25 26
25 26 27 28 29 30 31      29 30                     27 28 29 30 31

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given a date. Your task is to find what the day is on that date.

=====Input Format=====
A single line of input containing the space separated month, day and year, respectively, in MM DD YYYY format.

=====Constraints=====
2000<year<3000

=====Output Format=====
Output the correct day in capital letters.
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
any()
This expression returns True if any element of the iterable is true. If the iterable is empty, it will return False.

Code
>>> any([1>0,1==0,1<0])
True
>>> any([1<0,2<1,3<2])
False

all()
This expression returns True if all of the elements of the iterable are true. If the iterable is empty, it will return True.

Code
>>> all(['a'<'b','b'<'c'])
True
>>> all(['a'<'b','c'<'b'])
False

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given a space separated list of integers. If all the integers are positive, then you need to check if any integer is a palindromic integer.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains an integer N. N is the total number of integers in the list. The second line contains the space separated list of N integers.

=====Constraints=====
0<N<100

=====Output Format=====
Print True if all the conditions of the problem statement are satisfied. Otherwise, print False.
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
If we want to add a single element to an existing set, we can use the .add() operation.
It adds the element to the set and returns 'None'.

=====Example=====
>>> s = set('HackerRank')
>>> s.add('H')
>>> print s
set(['a', 'c', 'e', 'H', 'k', 'n', 'r', 'R'])
>>> print s.add('HackerRank')
None
>>> print s
set(['a', 'c', 'e', 'HackerRank', 'H', 'k', 'n', 'r', 'R'])

=====Problem Statement=====
Apply your knowledge of the .add() operation to help your friend Rupal.
Rupal has a huge collection of country stamps. She decided to count the total number of distinct country stamps in her collection. She asked for your help. You pick the stamps one by one from a stack of N country stamps.
Find the total number of distinct country stamps.

=====Input Format=====
The fist line contains an integer N, the total number of country stamps.
The next N lines contains the name of the country where the stamp is from.

=====Constraints=====
0<N<1000

=====Output Format=====
Output the total number of distinct country stamps on a single line.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
You are asked to ensure that the first and last names of people begin with a capital letter in their passports. For example, alison heck should be capitalised correctly as Alison Heck. 

alison heck => Alison Heck

Given a full name, your task is to capitalize the name appropriately.

=====Input Format=====
A single line of input containing the full name, S.

=====Constraints=====
0<len(S)<1000
The string consists of alphanumeric characters and spaces.

Note: in a word only the first character is capitalized. Example 12abc when capitalized remains 12abc.

=====Output Format=====
Print the capitalized string, S.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
The included code stub will read an integer, n, from STDIN.
Without using any string methods, try to print the following:
123...n
Note that "" represents the consecutive values in between.

=====Example=====
n = 5
Print the string 12345.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains an integer n.

=====Constraints=====
1≤n≤150

=====Output Format=====
Print the list of integers from 1 through n as a string, without spaces.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
We have seen that lists are mutable (they can be changed), and tuples are immutable (they cannot be changed).

Let's try to understand this with an example.

You are given an immutable string, and you want to make changes to it.
Task
Read a given string, change the character at a given index and then print the modified string. 

=====Example=====
Example
>>> string = "abracadabra"

You can access an index by:

>>> print string[5]
a

What if you would like to assign a value?

>>> string[5] = 'k' 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'str' object does not support item assignment

How would you approach this?

    One solution is to convert the string to a list and then change the value.

Example

>>> string = "abracadabra"
>>> l = list(string)
>>> l[5] = 'k'
>>> string = ''.join(l)
>>> print string
abrackdabra

    Another approach is to slice the string and join it back.

Example

>>> string = string[:5] + "k" + string[6:]
>>> print string
abrackdabra

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains a string, S.
The next line contains an integer i, denoting the index location and a character c separated by a space.

=====Output Format=====
Using any of the methods explained above, replace the character at index i with character c.

Answer: {"fn_name": "mutate_string", "inputs": [["abracadabra", 5, "k"]], "outputs": ["abrackdabra"]}
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
So far, we have only heard of Python's powers. Now, we will witness them!

Powers or exponents in Python can be calculated using the built-in power function. Call the power function a^b as shown below:
>>> pow(a,b) 

or

>>> a**b

It's also possible to calculate a^b mod m.
>>> pow(a,b,m)  

This is very helpful in computations where you have to print the resultant % mod.

Note: Here, a and b can be floats or negatives, but, if a third argument is present, b cannot be negative.

Note: Python has a math module that has its own pow(). It takes two arguments and returns a float. Frankly speaking, we will never use math.pow().

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given three integers: a, b, and m, respectively. Print two lines.
The first line should print the result of pow(a,b). The second line should print the result of pow(a,b,m).

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains a, the second line contains b, and the third line contains m.

=====Constraints=====
1≤a≤10
1≤b≤10
2≤m≤1000
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
dot

The dot tool returns the dot product of two arrays.

import numpy

A = numpy.array([ 1, 2 ])
B = numpy.array([ 3, 4 ])

print numpy.dot(A, B)       #Output : 11

cross

The cross tool returns the cross product of two arrays.

import numpy

A = numpy.array([ 1, 2 ])
B = numpy.array([ 3, 4 ])

print numpy.cross(A, B)     #Output : -2

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given two arrays A and B. Both have dimensions of NXN.
Your task is to compute their matrix product.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains the integer N.
The next N lines contains N space separated integers of array A.
The following N lines contains N space separated integers of array B.

=====Output Format=====
Print the matrix multiplication of A and B.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
The re.sub() tool (sub stands for substitution) evaluates a pattern and, for each valid match, it calls a method (or lambda).
The method is called for all matches and can be used to modify strings in different ways.
The re.sub() method returns the modified string as an output.

Learn more about re.sub().

Transformation of Strings
Code

import re

#Squaring numbers
def square(match):
    number = int(match.group(0))
    return str(number**2)

print re.sub(r"\d+", square, "1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9")

Output

1 4 9 16 25 36 49 64 81


Replacements in Strings

Code

import re

html = """
<head>
<title>HTML</title>
</head>
<object type="application/x-flash" 
  data="your-file.swf" 
  width="0" height="0">
  <!-- <param name="movie"  value="your-file.swf" /> -->
  <param name="quality" value="high"/>
</object>
"""

print re.sub("(<!--.*?-->)", "", html) #remove comment

Output

<head>
<title>HTML</title>
</head>
<object type="application/x-flash" 
  data="your-file.swf" 
  width="0" height="0">

  <param name="quality" value="high"/>
</object>

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given a text of N lines. The text contains && and || symbols.
Your task is to modify those symbols to the following:
&& → and
|| → or

Both && and || should have a space " " on both sides.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains the integer, N.
The next N lines each contain a line of the text.

=====Constraints=====
0<N<100
Neither && nor || occur in the start or end of each line. 

=====Output Format=====
Output the modified text.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
You are given an HTML code snippet of N lines.
Your task is to detect and print all the HTML tags, attributes and attribute values.

Print the detected items in the following format:

Tag1
Tag2
-> Attribute2[0] > Attribute_value2[0]
-> Attribute2[1] > Attribute_value2[1]
-> Attribute2[2] > Attribute_value2[2]
Tag3
-> Attribute3[0] > Attribute_value3[0]


The -> symbol indicates that the tag contains an attribute. It is immediately followed by the name of the attribute and the attribute value.
The > symbol acts as a separator of attributes and attribute values.

If an HTML tag has no attribute then simply print the name of the tag.

Note: Do not detect any HTML tag, attribute or attribute value inside the HTML comment tags (<!-- Comments -->). Comments can be multiline.
All attributes have an attribute value.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains an integer N, the number of lines in the HTML code snippet.
The next N lines contain HTML code.

=====Constraints=====
0<N<100

=====Output Format=====
Print the HTML tags, attributes and attribute values in order of their occurrence from top to bottom in the snippet.

Format your answers as explained in the problem statement.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
You are given a string S and width w.
Your task is to wrap the string into a paragraph of width w.

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains a string, S.
The second line contains the width, w.

=====Constraints=====
0 < len(S) < 1000
0 < w < len(S)

=====Output Format=====
Print the text wrapped paragraph.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
You and Fredrick are good friends. Yesterday, Fredrick received

credit cards from ABCD Bank. He wants to verify whether his credit card numbers are valid or not. You happen to be great at regex so he is asking for your help!

A valid credit card from ABCD Bank has the following characteristics:

► It must start with a 4, 5 or 6.
► It must contain exactly 16 digits.
► It must only consist of digits (0-9).
► It may have digits in groups of 4, separated by one hyphen "-".
► It must NOT use any other separator like ' ' , '_', etc.
► It must NOT have 4 or more consecutive repeated digits.

=====Example=====

Valid Credit Card Numbers

4253625879615786
4424424424442444
5122-2368-7954-3214

Invalid Credit Card Numbers

42536258796157867       #17 digits in card number → Invalid 
4424444424442444        #Consecutive digits are repeating 4 or more times → Invalid
5122-2368-7954 - 3214   #Separators other than '-' are used → Invalid
44244x4424442444        #Contains non digit characters → Invalid
0525362587961578        #Doesn't start with 4, 5 or 6 → Invalid


=====Input Format=====
The first line of input contains an integer N.
The next N lines contain credit card numbers. 


=====Constraints=====
0<N<100

=====Output Format=====
Print 'Valid' if the credit card number is valid. Otherwise, print 'Invalid'. Do not print the quotes.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
Given the names and grades for each student in a class of N students, store them in a nested list and print the name(s) of any student(s) having the second lowest grade.
NOTE: If there are multiple students with the second lowest grade, order their names alphabetically and print each name on a new line.

=====Example=====
records = [["chi",20.0],["beta",50.0],["alpha",50.0]]
The ordered list of scores is [20.0,50.0], so the second lowest score is 50.0. There are two students with that score: ["beta","alpha"]. Ordered alphabetically, the names are printed as:
alpha
beta

=====Input Format=====
The first line contains an integer, N, the number of students.
The 2N subsequent lines describe each student over 2 lines.
- The first line contains a student's name.
- The second line contains their grade. 

=====Constraints=====
2≤N≤5
There will always be one or more students having the second lowest grade.

=====Output Format=====
Print the name(s) of any student(s) having the second lowest grade in. If there are multiple students, order their names alphabetically and print each one on a new line.
user: =====Function Descriptions=====
The NumPy (Numeric Python) package helps us manipulate large arrays and matrices of numeric data.

To use the NumPy module, we need to import it using:

import numpy

Arrays

A NumPy array is a grid of values. They are similar to lists, except that every element of an array must be the same type.

import numpy

a = numpy.array([1,2,3,4,5])
print a[1]          #2

b = numpy.array([1,2,3,4,5],float)
print b[1]          #2.0

In the above example, numpy.array() is used to convert a list into a NumPy array. The second argument (float) can be used to set the type of array elements.

=====Problem Statement=====
You are given a space separated list of numbers.
Your task is to print a reversed NumPy array with the element type float.

=====Input Format=====
A single line of input containing space separated numbers.

=====Output Format=====
Print the reverse NumPy array with type float.
user: =====Problem Statement=====
You are given a string S. S contains alphanumeric characters only. Your task is to sort the string S in the following manner:
All sorted lowercase letters are ahead of uppercase letters.
All sorted uppercase letters are ahead of digits.
All sorted odd digits are ahead of sorted even digits.

=====Input Format=====
A single line of input contains the string S.

=====Constraints=====
0<len(S)<1000

=====Output Format=====
Output the sorted string S.