meetforever/GRPO_CL huggingface dataset:
user: Sometimes Sergey visits fast food restaurants. Today he is going to visit the one called PizzaKing.
Sergey wants to buy N meals, which he had enumerated by integers from 1 to N. He knows that the meal i costs Ci rubles. He also knows that there are M meal sets in the restaurant.
The meal set is basically a set of meals, where you pay Pj burles and get Qj meals - Aj, 1, Aj, 2, ..., Aj, Qj.
Sergey has noticed that sometimes he can save money by buying the meals in the meal sets instead of buying each one separately. And now he is curious about what is the smallest amount of rubles he needs to spend to have at least one portion of each of the meals.

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows.
The first line of each test case contains a pair of integer numbers N and M denoting the number of meals and the number of the meal sets.
The second line contains N space-separated integers C1, C2, ..., CN denoting the costs of the meals, bought separately.
Each of the following M lines starts with a pair of integer numbers Pi and Qi, denoting the cost of the meal set and the number of meals in it, followed with the integer numbers Ai, 1 Ai, 2, ..., Ai, Qi denoting the meal numbers.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing the minimal total amount of money Sergey needs to spend in order to have at least one portion of each meal.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ Pi, Ci ≤ 106
- 1 ≤ M ≤ min{2N, 2 × 100000}
- No meal appears in the set twice or more times.
- Subtask 1 (16 points): 1 ≤ T ≤ 103, 1 ≤ N ≤ 8
- Subtask 2 (23 points): For each test file, either 1 ≤ T ≤ 10, 1 ≤ N ≤ 12 or the constraints for Subtask 1 are held.
- Subtask 3 (61 points): For each test file, either T = 1, 1 ≤ N ≤ 18 or the constraints for Subtask 1 or 2 are held.

-----Example-----
Input:1
3 3
3 5 6
11 3 1 2 3
5 2 1 2
5 2 1 3

Output:10

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1. If Sergey buys all the meals separately, it would cost him 3 + 5 + 6 = 14 rubles. He can buy all of them at once by buying the first meal set, which costs for 11 rubles, but the optimal strategy would be either to buy the second and the third meal set, thus, paying 5 + 5 = 10 rubles, or to buy the third meal set and the second meal separately by paying the same amount of 10 rubles.
user: Chef loves to play games. Now he plays very interesting game called "Segment". At the beginning Chef has segment [0, X] and no points on it. On each step Chef chooses the subsegment of maximal length possible such as it contains no points on it. If there are more than one such subsegment Chef chooses the one with the minimal left coordinate. Once Chef chosed the subsegment he put the point in it's middle and the step is over.
Help Chef to define the coordinate of the point he will put on the K-th step. 

-----Input-----
- The first line contains integer T - number of test cases. 
- Each of next T lines contains two integers X and K. 

-----Output-----
- For each test case in a single line print single double number - the coordinate of the K-th point Chef will put. Answer will be considered as correct if absolute difference between the answer and correct answer is less or equal 10^(-6). 

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ T ≤ 10^5
- 1 ≤ X ≤ 10^9
- 1 ≤ K ≤ 10^12

-----Subtasks-----
- Subtask 1: T ≤ 10; X, K ≤ 20. Points: 15 
- Subtask 2: T ≤ 10; X ≤ 10^6, K ≤ 2*10^5. Points: 25
- Subtask 3: T ≤ 10^5; X ≤ 10^9, K ≤ 10^12. Points: 60

-----Example-----
Input:
4
10 1
10 2
10 3
1000000000 1234567
Output:
5.0000
2.5000
7.5000
177375316.6198730500000000

-----Explanation-----
You can see the points coordinates for the third sample from first two samples.
user: Consider an infinite full binary tree (each node has two children except the leaf nodes) defined as follows. For a node labelled v its left child will be labelled 2*v and its right child will be labelled 2*v+1. The root is labelled as 1.
You are given N queries of the form i j. For each query, you have to print the length of the shortest path between node labelled i and  node labelled j.

-----Input-----
First line contains N, the number of queries. Each query consists of two space separated integers i and j in one line.

-----Output-----
For each query, print the required answer in one line.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ N ≤ 105
- 1 ≤ i,j ≤ 109

-----Example-----
Input:
3
1 2
2 3
4 3

Output:
1
2
3

-----Explanation-----
For first query, 1 is directly connected to 2 by an edge. Hence distance 1.
user: Chef has invited Alice for his birthday party. Now, Alice is thinking about what to give Chef as a present. She should obviously choose a sequence ― what could possibly be a better birthday gift than a sequence!
After some thinking, Alice chose a sequence of integers $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$. However, she does not want to simply give this sequence to Chef. Instead, she decided to give Chef a sequence $B_1, B_2, \ldots, B_N$, where $B_i = \bigvee_{j=1}^i A_j$ for each valid $i$ and $\bigvee$ denotes the bitwise OR operation. Chef can try to generate a sequence $A$ from $B$, but there could be more than one such possible sequence.
Now, Alice is wondering how many sequences $A$ correspond to the given sequence $B$. Since this number could be very large, compute it modulo $10^9 + 7$. Note that it is not guaranteed that the given sequence $B$ was generated from some sequence $A$.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.
- The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers $B_1, B_2, \ldots, B_N$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the number of possible sequences $A$ modulo $10^9 + 7$.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 25$
- $1 \le N \le 5 \cdot 10^4$
- $0 \le B_i < 2^{30}$ for each valid $i$

-----Example Input-----
2
2
2 3
4
2 6 7 7

-----Example Output-----
2
64

-----Explanation-----
Example case 1: There are two possible options for $A$: $(2, 1)$ and $(2, 3)$.
user: Zonal Computing Olympiad 2014, 30 Nov 2013

In ICO School, all students have to participate regularly in SUPW.  There is a different SUPW activity each day, and each activity has its own duration.  The SUPW schedule for the next term has been announced, including information about the number of minutes taken by each activity.

Nikhil has been designated SUPW coordinator.  His task is to assign SUPW duties to students, including himself.  The school's rules say that no student can go three days in a row without any SUPW duty.

Nikhil wants to find an assignment of SUPW duty for himself that minimizes the number of minutes he spends overall on SUPW.

-----Input format-----
Line 1: A single integer N, the number of days in the future for which SUPW data is available.
Line 2: N non-negative integers, where the integer in position i represents the number of minutes required for SUPW work on day i.

-----Output format-----
The output consists of a single non-negative integer, the minimum number of minutes that Nikhil needs to spend on SUPW duties this term 

-----Sample Input 1-----
10
3 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 1

-----Sample Output 1-----
4

(Explanation: 1+1+1+1)

-----Sample Input 2-----
8
3 2 3 2 3 5 1 3

-----Sample Output 2-----
5

(Explanation: 2+2+1)

-----Test data-----
There is only one subtask worth 100 marks.  In all inputs:

• 1 ≤ N ≤ 2×105
• The number of minutes of SUPW each day is between 0 and
104, inclusive.

-----Live evaluation data-----
There are 12 test inputs on the server during the exam.
user: Dinesh is very fond of sweets recently his aunt Riya gifted him an array $a$ of sweets of size $N$. The ith sweet is of the type $a[i]$. His mother told him that he can choose one type of sweet in a day and eat at most 2 sweets of that type. Since he has to eat all the sweets as quickly as possible because his cousins are arriving. Find out the minimum number of days in which he can eat all the sweets gifted by his aunt Riya. 

-----Input:-----
- First-line will contain $N$, the number of sweets.  
- The next line will contain $N$ space integers denoting the type of sweets.

-----Output:-----
Output the minimum number of days in which he can eat all the sweets.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq N \leq 10000$
- $1 \leq a[i] \leq 10^3$

-----Sample Input:-----
3
1 2 2

-----Sample Output:-----
2
user: A printer – who still uses moveable type – is preparing to print a set of pages for a book. These pages are to be numbered, as usual. The printer needs to know how many instances of each decimal digit will be required to set up the page numbers in the section of the book to be printed.

For example, if pages 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 are to be printed, computing the number of digits is relatively simple: just look at the page numbers that will appear, and count the number of times each digit appears. The digit 0 appears only once, the digit 1 appears 7 times, the digits 2, 3, 4 and 5 each appear once, and 6, 7, 8 and 9 don’t appear at all.

Your task in this problem is to provide the printer with the appropriate counts of the digits. You will be given the numbers of the two pages that identify the section of the book to be printed. You may safely assume that all pages in that section are to be numbered, that no leading zeroes will be printed, that page numbers are positive, and that no page will have more than three digits in its page number.

-----Input-----

There will be multiple cases to consider. The input for each case has two integers, A and B, each of which is guaranteed to be positive. These identify the pages to be printed. That is, each integer P between A and B, including A and B, is to be printed. A single zero will follow the input for the last case.

-----Output-----

For each input case, display the case number (1, 2, …) and the number of occurrences of each decimal digit 0 through 9 in the specified range of page numbers. Display your results in the format shown in the examples below.

-----Example-----
Input:

10 15
912 912
900 999
0

Output:

Case 1: 0:1 1:7 2:1 3:1 4:1 5:1 6:0 7:0 8:0 9:0
Case 2: 0:0 1:1 2:1 3:0 4:0 5:0 6:0 7:0 8:0 9:1
Case 3: 0:20 1:20 2:20 3:20 4:20 5:20 6:20 7:20 8:20 9:120
user: The $String$ Family gave birth to a new $Tripartite$ $trio$ $sisters$ and named them $Hema$, $Rekha$ and $Sushma$. Hema and Rekha are very fond of parties whereas Sushma hates them. One day Hema and Rekha asked their parents to buy them candies to distribute to people in their birthday party. (Remember Hema, Rekha and Sushma were born on the same day). But Sushma was uninterested in the party and only wanted candies for herself.
You will be given a list $P$ of possible number of candidates coming to the party. Were $P[i]$ denotes the count of people coming in the i th possibility. In each case every person should get maximum possible equal number of candies  such that after distributing the candies, there are always $R$ candies remaining for Sushma. You have to calculate the minimum number of candies required to buy so that, in any possible situation of the given array, each person coming to party gets equal number of candies (at least 1 and maximum possible out of total) and there are always $R$ candies remaining for Sushma.

-----Input:-----
- First line will contain $T$, number of testcases. Then the testcases follow. 
- First line of each test case contain  $N$, number of possible count of people coming to party
- Next line contain $N$ spaced integers denoting the count of people 
- Next line contain $R$ the number of candies always remaining after maximum equal distribution

-----Output:-----
For each testcase, output in a single line answer, the minimum number of candies required to buy.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \leq T \leq 100$
- $1 \leq N \leq 10^4$
- $1 \leq P[i] \leq 41$
- $0 \leq R < min(P[i])$

-----Sample Input:-----
1
2
2 3
1

-----Sample Output:-----
7
user: -----General Statement:-----
Read a number in scientific notation and output its equivalent decimal value.

-----Input:-----
All data is on a single line. The first integer indicates how many pairs of numbers follow. The first of each pair is A, the base number, and the second is E, the power of 10.

-----Output:-----
Round each answer to 2 decimal places. Trailing zeros to the right of the decimal point are required. A leading zero to the left of the decimal point is not required.
The output is to be formatted exactly like that for the sample output given below.

-----Assumptions:-----
E is in the range –10 .. 10. A is 1 or larger but less than 10.
Discussion: 
If A = 3.926 and E = 4, the number represented is 3.926 X 104 or 39260, which is 39260.00 when rounded to 2 decimal places.

-----Sample Input:-----
4 4.296 3 3.8 -2 1.8 2 2.8678 1

-----Sample Output:-----
4296.00
0.04
180.00
28.68
user: Vasya learned about integer subtraction in school. He is still not very good at it, so he is only able to subtract any single digit number from any other number (which is not necessarily single digit).
For practice, Vasya chose a positive integer n$n$ and wrote it on the first line in his notepad. After that, on the second line he wrote the result of subtraction of the first digit of n$n$ from itself. For example, if n=968$n = 968$, then the second line would contain 968−9=959$968 - 9 = 959$, while with n=5$n = 5$ the second number would be 5−5=0$5 - 5 = 0$. If the second number was still positive, then Vasya would write the result of the same operation on the following line, and so on. For example, if n=91$n = 91$, then the sequence of numbers Vasya would write starts as follows: 91,82,74,67,61,55,50,…$91, 82, 74, 67, 61, 55, 50, \ldots$. One can see that any such sequence eventually terminates with the number 0$0$.
Since then, Vasya lost his notepad. However, he remembered the total number k$k$ of integers he wrote down (including the first number n$n$ and the final number 0$0$). What was the largest possible value of n$n$ Vasya could have started with?

-----Input:-----
The first line contains T$T$ , number of test cases per file.
The only line in each testcase contains a single integer k−$k-$ the total number of integers in Vasya's notepad (2≤k≤1012$2 \leq k \leq 10^{12}$).

-----Output:-----
Print a single integer−$-$ the largest possible value of the starting number n$n$. It is guaranteed that at least one such number n$n$ exists, and the largest possible value is finite.

-----Constraints-----
- 1≤T≤34$1 \leq  T \leq 34 $
- 2≤k≤1012$2 \leq k \leq 10^{12}$

-----Sample Input-----
3
2
3
100

-----Sample Output:-----
9
10
170
user: You are given a sequence $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$. You should select a (not necessarily contiguous) subsequence of $A$ and reverse it. In other words, if you select a subsequence $A_{i_1}, A_{i_2}, \ldots, A_{i_K}$ ($1 \le i_1 < \ldots < i_K \le N$), then for each valid $j$, the $i_j$-th element of the resulting sequence is equal to the $i_{K+1-j}$-th element of the original sequence; all other elements are the same as in the original sequence.
In the resulting sequence, you want to calculate the maximum sum of a contiguous subsequence (possibly an empty sequence, with sum $0$). Find its maximum possible value and a subsequence which you should select in order to obtain this maximum value. If there are multiple solutions, you may find any one of them.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.
- The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print two lines.
- The first of these lines should contain a single integer ― the maximum possible sum of a contiguous subsequence.
- The second line should contain an integer $K$ followed by a space and $K$ space-separated integers $i_1, i_2, \ldots, i_K$.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 2,000$
- $2 \le N \le 10^5$
- $|A_i| \le 10^9$ for each valid $i$
- the sum of $N$ over all test cases does not exceed $2 \cdot 10^6$

-----Example Input-----
2
5
-4 2 -4 3 -5
3
-3 -2 -1

-----Example Output-----
5
2 2 3
0
0
user: You are given a sequence $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$. Calculate the number of ways to remove a non-empty contiguous subsequence from it such that the resulting sequence is non-empty and strictly increasing.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains a single integer $N$.
- The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers $A_1, A_2, \ldots, A_N$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the number of ways.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10$
- $1 \le N \le 10^5$
- $|A_i| \le 10^9$ for each valid $i$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (40 points): $N \le 1,000$
Subtask #2 (60 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
2
3
1 1 2
4
2 4 3 5

-----Example Output-----
4
7
user: Chef is multi-talented. He has developed a cure for coronavirus called COVAC-19. Now that everyone in the world is infected, it is time to distribute it throughout the world efficiently to wipe out coronavirus from the Earth. Chef just cooks the cure, you are his distribution manager.
In the world, there are $N$ countries (numbered $1$ through $N$) with populations $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_N$. Each cure can be used to cure one infected person once. Due to lockdown rules, you may only deliver cures to one country per day, but you may choose that country arbitrarily and independently on each day. Days are numbered by positive integers. On day $1$, Chef has $x$ cures ready. On each subsequent day, Chef can supply twice the number of cures that were delivered (i.e. people that were cured) on the previous day. Chef cannot supply leftovers from the previous or any earlier day, as the cures expire in a day. The number of cures delivered to some country on some day cannot exceed the number of infected people it currently has, either.
However, coronavirus is not giving up so easily. It can infect a cured person that comes in contact with an infected person again ― formally, it means that the number of infected people in a country doubles at the end of each day, i.e. after the cures for this day are used (obviously up to the population of that country).
Find the minimum number of days needed to make the world corona-free.

-----Input-----
- The first line of the input contains a single integer $T$ denoting the number of test cases. The description of $T$ test cases follows.
- The first line of each test case contains two space-separated integers $N$ and $x$.
- The second line contains $N$ space-separated integers $a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_N$.

-----Output-----
For each test case, print a single line containing one integer ― the minimum number of days.

-----Constraints-----
- $1 \le T \le 10^3$
- $1 \le N \le 10^5$
- $1 \le a_i \le 10^9$ for each valid $i$
- $1 \le x \le 10^9$
- the sum of $N$ over all test cases does not exceed $10^6$

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 (20 points): $a_1 = a_2 = \ldots = a_N$
Subtask #2 (80 points): original constraints

-----Example Input-----
3
5 5
1 2 3 4 5
5 1
40 30 20 10 50
3 10
20 1 110

-----Example Output-----
5
9
6
user: One day, Chef prepared D brand new dishes. He named the i-th dish by a string Si. After the cooking, he decided to categorize each of these D dishes as special or not.

A dish Si is called special if it's name (i.e. the string Si) can be represented in the form of a double string by removing at most one (possibly zero) character from it's name from any position. 

A string is called a double string if it can be represented as a concatenation of two identical, non-empty strings. 
e.g. "abab" is a double string as it can be represented as "ab" + "ab" where + operation denotes concatenation. 
Similarly, "aa", "abcabc" are double strings whereas "a", "abba", "abc" are not.

-----Input-----
- First line of the input contains an integer D denoting the number of dishes prepared by Chef on that day.
- Each of the next D lines will contain description of a dish. 
	
- The i-th line contains the name of i-th dish Si.
	

-----Output-----
For each of the D dishes, print a single line containing "YES" or "NO" (without quotes) denoting whether the dish can be called as a special or not.

-----Constraints-----
- 1 ≤ D ≤ 106
- 1 ≤ |Si| ≤ 106.
- Each character of string Si will be lower case English alphabet (i.e. from 'a' to 'z').

-----Subtasks-----
Subtask #1 : (20 points)
- Sum of |Si| in an input file doesn't exceed 2 * 103

Subtask 2 : (80 points) 
- Sum of |Si| in an input file doesn't exceed 2 * 106

-----Example-----
Input:
3
aba
abac
abcd

Output:
YES
NO
NO


-----Explanation-----
Example case 1.
We can remove the character at position 1 (0-based index) to get "aa" which is a double string. Hence, it is a special dish.

Example case 2.
It is not possible to remove the character at any of the position to get the double string. Hence, it is not a special dish.
user: You are given a sequence a1, a2, ..., aN. Find the smallest possible value of ai + aj, where 1 ≤ i < j ≤ N.

-----Input-----
The first line of the input contains an integer T denoting the number of test cases. The description of T test cases follows. 
The first line of each description consists of a single integer N.
The second line of each description contains N space separated integers - a1, a2, ..., aN respectively.

-----Output-----
For each test case, output a single line containing a single integer - the smallest possible sum for the corresponding test case.

-----Constraints-----

- T = 105, N = 2 : 13 points.
- T = 105, 2 ≤ N ≤ 10 : 16 points.
- T = 1000, 2 ≤ N ≤ 100 : 31 points.
- T = 10, 2 ≤ N ≤ 105 : 40 points.
- 1 ≤ ai ≤ 106

-----Example-----
Input:
1
4
5 1 3 4

Output:
4

-----Explanation-----
Here we pick a2 and a3. Their sum equals to 1 + 3 = 4.
user: At the legendary times of Nonsenso wars in ISM Dhanbad, there was a neck to neck competition between Barney Stinson and Sheldon Cooper. They both were on level 19. After trying too hard both of them could not decipher the nonsense, so they decided to play alongside. Sheldon Cooper had to pass a message to Barney Stinson. So he decided to convert each letter of the sentence to their corresponding to their ASCII codes. When Barney received the message he could not get anything. Now you have to design a code which converts the encrypted message to readable format.

-----Input-----
The input will consist of the first line containing the number of test cases ‘n’ followed by n lines of test cases.

-----Output-----

For each input print the decoded line.

-----Example-----
Input:
2
721011081081113287111114108100
871011089911110910132116111327311010010597

Output:
Hello World
Welcome to India