-- Clean/Gadgets/And/And8.lean

import Clean.Circuit.Basic

import Clean.Gadgets.Xor.ByteXorTable

import Clean.Utils.Primes

variable {p : ℕ} [Fact p.Prime] [p_large_enough: Fact (p > 512)]

namespace Gadgets.And.And8

open Xor (ByteXorTable)

open FieldUtils

structure Inputs (F : Type) where
  x: F
  y: F

def Assumptions (input : Inputs (F p)) :=
  let ⟨x, y⟩ := input
  x.val < 256 ∧ y.val < 256

def Spec (input : Inputs (F p)) (z : F p) :=
  let ⟨x, y⟩ := input
  z.val = x.val &&& y.val

def main (input : Var Inputs (F p)) : Circuit (F p) (fieldVar (F p)) := do
  let ⟨x, y⟩ := input
  let and ← witness fun eval => (eval x).val &&& (eval y).val
  
  let xor := x + y - 2*and
  lookup ByteXorTable (x, y, xor)
  return and

instance elaborated : ElaboratedCircuit (F p) Inputs field where
  main
  localLength _ := 1
  output _ i := var ⟨i⟩

-- Repository definitions used:
content: syntax "infer_constant_length" : tactic

syntax "field_to_nat" : tactic

content: macro_rules
  | `(tactic|field_to_nat) =>
    `(tactic|(
      intros
      repeat rw [ZMod.val_add] 
      repeat rw [ZMod.val_mul] 
      repeat rw [val_eq_256]
      try simp only [Nat.add_mod_mod, Nat.mod_add_mod, Nat.mul_mod_mod, Nat.mod_mul_mod]
      rw [Nat.mod_eq_of_lt _]
      repeat linarith [‹Fact (_ > 512)›.elim]))

example [Fact (p > 512)] (x y : F p) (hx : x.val < 256) (hy : y.val < 2) :
    (x + y * 256).val = x.val + y.val * 256 := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: macro_rules
  | `(tactic|infer_constant_length) => `(tactic|(
    apply ConstantLength.fromConstantLength
    try simp only [circuit_norm]
    try intros
    try ac_rfl))

example :
  let add (x : Expression F) := do
    let y : Expression F ← witness fun _ => 1
    let z ← witness fun eval => eval (x + y)
    assertZero (x + y - z)
    pure z
  ConstantLength add := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: def F p := ZMod p

content: @[circuit_norm]
def lookup {Row : TypeMap} [ProvableType Row] (table : Table F Row)  (entry : Row (Expression F)) : Circuit F Unit := fun _ =>
  ((), [.lookup { table := table.toRaw, entry := toElements entry }])

content: def Circuit (F : Type) [Field F] (α : Type) := ℕ → α × List (Operation F)

content: inductive Operation (F : Type) [Field F] where
  | witness : (m : ℕ) → (compute : Environment F → Vector F m) → Operation F
  | assert : Expression F → Operation F
  | lookup : Lookup F → Operation F
  | subcircuit : {n : ℕ} → Subcircuit F n → Operation F

content: structure Condition (F : Type) [Field F] where
  witness (offset : ℕ) : (m : ℕ) → (Environment F → Vector F m) → Prop := fun _ _ => True
  assert (offset : ℕ) (_ : Expression F) : Prop := True
  lookup (offset : ℕ) (_ : Lookup F) : Prop := True
  subcircuit (offset : ℕ) {m : ℕ} (_ : Subcircuit F m) : Prop := True

content: inductive FlatOperation (F : Type) where
  | witness : (m : ℕ) → (Environment F → Vector F m) → FlatOperation F
  | assert : Expression F → FlatOperation F
  | lookup : Lookup F → FlatOperation F

content: structure Subcircuit (F : Type) [Field F] (offset : ℕ) where
  ops : List (FlatOperation F)

  
  
  
  Soundness : Environment F → Prop
  Completeness : Environment F → Prop
  UsesLocalWitnesses : Environment F → Prop

  
  
  localLength : ℕ

  
  imply_soundness : ∀ env,
    ConstraintsHoldFlat env ops → Soundness env

  
  implied_by_completeness : ∀ env, env.ExtendsVector (localWitnesses env ops) offset →
    Completeness env → ConstraintsHoldFlat env ops

  
  imply_usesLocalWitnesses : ∀ env, env.ExtendsVector (localWitnesses env ops) offset →
    UsesLocalWitnesses env

  
  localLength_eq : localLength = FlatOperation.localLength ops

content: @[circuit_norm]
def localWitnesses (env : Environment F) : (l : List (FlatOperation F)) → Vector F (localLength l)
  | [] => #v[]
  | witness _ compute :: ops => compute env ++ localWitnesses env ops
  | assert _ :: ops | lookup _ :: ops => localWitnesses env ops

content: structure Lookup (F : Type) where
  table : RawTable F
  entry : Vector (Expression F) table.arity

content: structure RawTable (F : Type) where
  name : String
  arity : ℕ
  Contains : Vector F arity → Prop
  Soundness : Vector F arity → Prop
  Completeness : Vector F arity → Prop
  imply_soundness : ∀ row, Contains row → Soundness row
  implied_by_completeness : ∀ row, Completeness row → Contains row

content: structure StaticTable (F : Type) (Row : TypeMap) [ProvableType Row] where
  name : String
  length : ℕ
  row : Fin length → Row F
  
  
  
  index : Row F → ℕ
  Spec : Row F → Prop
  contains_iff : ∀ t, (∃ i, t = row i) ↔ Spec t

content: def Contains (table : StaticTable F Row) (row : Row F) :=
  ∃ i : Fin table.length, row = table.row i

content: instance ProvableType.fromStruct {α : TypeMap} [ProvableStruct α] : ProvableType α where
  size := combinedSize α
  toElements x :=
    toComponents x |> componentsToElements (components α) |>.cast combinedSize_eq.symm
  fromElements v :=
    v.cast combinedSize_eq |> componentsFromElements (components α) |> fromComponents
  fromElements_toElements x := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: @[reducible]
def TypeMap := Type → Type

content: inductive Expression (F : Type) where
  | var : Variable F -> Expression F
  | const : F -> Expression F
  | add : Expression F -> Expression F -> Expression F
  | mul : Expression F -> Expression F -> Expression F

content: structure Variable (F : Type) where
  index : ℕ

content: def const (x : α F) : Var α F :=
  let values : Vector F _ := toElements x
  fromVars (values.map .const)

content: @[reducible] def Var (M : TypeMap) (F : Type) := M (Expression F)

content: @[circuit_norm]
def fromVars (vars : Vector (Expression F) (size M)) := fromElements vars

content: class Witnessable (F : Type) [Field F] (value : outParam TypeMap) (var : TypeMap) [ProvableType value] where
  witness : ((Environment F) → value F) → Circuit F (var F)
  var_eq : var F = value (Expression F) := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: structure Environment (F : Type) where
  get : ℕ → F

content: @[circuit_norm]
def localLength : List (FlatOperation F) → ℕ
  | [] => 0
  | witness m _ :: ops => m + localLength ops
  | assert _ :: ops | lookup _ :: ops => localLength ops

content: def ConstraintsHoldFlat (eval : Environment F) : List (FlatOperation F) → Prop
  | [] => True
  | op :: ops => match op with
    | assert e => (eval e = 0) ∧ ConstraintsHoldFlat eval ops
    | lookup { table, entry } =>
      table.Contains (entry.map eval) ∧ ConstraintsHoldFlat eval ops
    | _ => ConstraintsHoldFlat eval ops

content: @[circuit_norm]
def Table.toRaw (table : Table F Row) : RawTable F where
  name := table.name
  arity := size Row
  Contains row := table.Contains (fromElements row)
  Soundness row := table.Soundness (fromElements row)
  Completeness row := table.Completeness (fromElements row)
  imply_soundness row := table.imply_soundness (fromElements row)
  implied_by_completeness row := table.implied_by_completeness (fromElements row)

content: structure Table (F : Type) (Row : TypeMap) [ProvableType Row] where
  name : String
   
  Contains : Row F → Prop

   
  Soundness : Row F → Prop
  Completeness : Row F → Prop

  imply_soundness : ∀ row, Contains row → Soundness row
  implied_by_completeness : ∀ row, Completeness row → Contains row

content: def ByteXorTable : Table (F p) fieldTriple := .fromStatic {
  name := "ByteXor"
  length := 256*256

  row i :=
    let (x, y) := splitTwoBytes i
    (fromByte x, fromByte y, fromByte (x ^^^ y))

  index := fun (x, y, _) => x.val * 256 + y.val

  Spec := fun (x, y, z) =>
    x.val < 256 ∧ y.val < 256 ∧ z.val = x.val ^^^ y.val

  contains_iff := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: def splitTwoBytes (i : Fin (256 * 256)) : Fin 256 × Fin 256 :=
  let x := i.val / 256
  let y := i.val % 256
  have x_lt : x < 256 := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: structure GeneralFormalCircuit (F : Type) (Input Output : TypeMap) [Field F] [ProvableType Input] [ProvableType Output]
    extends elaborated : ElaboratedCircuit F Input Output where
  Assumptions : Input F → Prop 
  Spec : Input F → Output F → Prop 
  soundness : GeneralFormalCircuit.Soundness F elaborated Spec
  completeness : GeneralFormalCircuit.Completeness F elaborated Assumptions

content: def fromByte (x : Fin 256) : F p :=
  FieldUtils.natToField x.val (by admit /- proof elided -/
  )

content: def natToField (n : ℕ) (lt : n < p) : F p :=
  match p with
  | 0 => False.elim (Nat.not_lt_zero n lt)
  | _ + 1 => ⟨ n, lt ⟩

content: @[reducible]
def fieldTriple : TypeMap := fun F => F × F × F

content: def concatTwoBytes (x y : Fin 256) : Fin (256 * 256) :=
  let i := x.val * 256 + y.val
  have i_lt : i < 256 * 256 := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: @[reducible] def fieldVar (F : Type) := field (Expression F)

content: @[reducible] def field : TypeMap := id

content: class ConstantLength (circuit : α → Circuit F β) where
  localLength : ℕ
  localLength_eq : ∀ (a : α) (n : ℕ), (circuit a).localLength n = localLength

content: class ElaboratedCircuit (F : Type) (Input Output : TypeMap) [Field F] [ProvableType Input] [ProvableType Output] where
  main : Var Input F → Circuit F (Var Output F)

   
  localLength : Var Input F → ℕ

   
  localLength_eq : ∀ input offset, (main input).localLength offset = localLength input
    := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: @[circuit_norm]
def Soundness (F : Type) [Field F] (circuit : ElaboratedCircuit F Input Output)
    (Assumptions : Input F → Prop) (Spec : Input F → Output F → Prop) :=
  
  ∀ offset : ℕ, ∀ env,
  
  ∀ input_var : Var Input F, ∀ input : Input F, eval env input_var = input →
  Assumptions input →
  
  ConstraintsHold.Soundness env (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset) →
  
  let output := eval env (circuit.output input_var offset)
  Spec input output

content: @[reducible, circuit_norm]
def operations (circuit : Circuit F α) (offset : ℕ) : Operations F :=
  (circuit offset).2

content: @[reducible, circuit_norm]
def Operations (F : Type) [Field F] := List (Operation F)

content: @[reducible, circuit_norm]
def output (circuit : Circuit F α) (offset : ℕ) : α :=
  (circuit offset).1

content: @[circuit_norm]
def ConstraintsHold.Soundness (eval : Environment F) : List (Operation F) → Prop
  | [] => True
  | .witness _ _ :: ops => ConstraintsHold.Soundness eval ops
  | .assert e :: ops => eval e = 0 ∧ ConstraintsHold.Soundness eval ops
  | .lookup { table, entry } :: ops =>
    table.Soundness (entry.map eval) ∧ ConstraintsHold.Soundness eval ops
  | .subcircuit s :: ops =>
    s.Soundness eval ∧ ConstraintsHold.Soundness eval ops

content: @[circuit_norm]
def GeneralFormalCircuit.Soundness (F : Type) [Field F] (circuit : ElaboratedCircuit F Input Output) (Spec : Input F → Output F → Prop) :=
  
  ∀ offset : ℕ, ∀ env,
  
  ∀ input_var : Var Input F, ∀ input : Input F, eval env input_var = input →
  
  ConstraintsHold.Soundness env (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset) →
  
  let output := eval env (circuit.output input_var offset)
  Spec input output

content: @[explicit_provable_type]
def eval (env : Environment F) (x : Var α F) : α F :=
  let vars := toVars x
  let values := vars.map (Expression.eval env)
  fromElements values

content: @[circuit_norm]
def toVars (var : M (Expression F)) := toElements var

content: @[circuit_norm]
def eval (env : Environment F) : Expression F → F
  | var v => env.get v.index
  | const c => c
  | add x y => eval env x + eval env y
  | mul x y => eval env x * eval env y

content: @[circuit_norm]
def FormalAssertion.Soundness (F : Type) [Field F] (circuit : ElaboratedCircuit F Input unit)
    (Assumptions : Input F → Prop) (Spec : Input F → Prop) :=
  
  ∀ offset : ℕ, ∀ env,
  
  ∀ input_var : Var Input F, ∀ input : Input F, eval env input_var = input →
  Assumptions input →
  
  ConstraintsHold.Soundness env (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset) →
  
  Spec input

content: @[reducible]
def unit (_ : Type) := Unit

content: @[circuit_norm]
def subcircuit (circuit : FormalCircuit F β α) (b : Var β F) : Circuit F (Var α F) :=
  fun offset =>
    let a := circuit.output b offset
    let subcircuit := circuit.toSubcircuit offset b
    (a, [.subcircuit subcircuit])

content: def FormalAssertion.toSubcircuit (circuit : FormalAssertion F β)
    (n : ℕ) (input_var : Var β F) : Subcircuit F n :=
  let ops := circuit.main input_var |>.operations n
  have h_consistent : ops.SubcircuitsConsistent n := circuit.subcircuitsConsistent input_var n

  {
    ops := ops.toFlat,
    Soundness env := circuit.Assumptions (eval env input_var) → circuit.Spec (eval env input_var),
    Completeness env := circuit.Assumptions (eval env input_var) ∧ circuit.Spec (eval env input_var),
    UsesLocalWitnesses _ := True,
    localLength := circuit.localLength input_var

    imply_soundness := by admit /- proof elided -/

content: @[circuit_norm]
def localLength : Operation F → ℕ
  | .witness m _ => m
  | .assert _ => 0
  | .lookup _ => 0
  | .subcircuit s => s.localLength

content: @[circuit_norm]
def localLength : Operations F → ℕ
  | [] => 0
  | .witness m _ :: ops => m + localLength ops
  | .assert _ :: ops => localLength ops
  | .lookup _ :: ops => localLength ops
  | .subcircuit s :: ops => s.localLength + localLength ops

content: structure FormalCircuit (F : Type) [Field F] (Input Output : TypeMap) [ProvableType Input] [ProvableType Output]
    extends elaborated : ElaboratedCircuit F Input Output where
  Assumptions (_ : Input F) : Prop := True
  Spec : Input F → Output F → Prop
  soundness : Soundness F elaborated Assumptions Spec
  completeness : Completeness F elaborated Assumptions

content: structure FormalAssertion (F : Type) (Input : TypeMap) [Field F] [ProvableType Input]
    extends elaborated : ElaboratedCircuit F Input unit where
  Assumptions : Input F → Prop
  Spec : Input F → Prop
  soundness : FormalAssertion.Soundness F elaborated Assumptions Spec
  completeness : FormalAssertion.Completeness F elaborated Assumptions Spec

  
  localLength _ := 0
  
  output _ _ := ()

content: @[circuit_norm]
def SubcircuitsConsistent (offset : ℕ) (ops : Operations F) := ops.forAll offset {
  subcircuit offset {n} _ := n = offset
}

 @[circuit_norm]
def forAll (offset : ℕ) (condition : Condition F) : Operations F → Prop
  | [] => True
  | .witness m c :: ops => condition.witness offset m c ∧ forAll (m + offset) condition ops
  | .assert e :: ops => condition.assert offset e ∧ forAll offset condition ops
  | .lookup l :: ops => condition.lookup offset l ∧ forAll offset condition ops
  | .subcircuit s :: ops => condition.subcircuit offset s ∧ forAll (s.localLength + offset) condition ops

content: def FlatOperation.forAll (offset : ℕ) (condition : Condition F) : List (FlatOperation F) → Prop
  | [] => True
  | .witness m c :: ops => condition.witness offset m c ∧ forAll (m + offset) condition ops
  | .assert e :: ops => condition.assert offset e ∧ forAll offset condition ops
  | .lookup l :: ops => condition.lookup offset l ∧ forAll offset condition ops

content: @[reducible, circuit_norm]
def localLength (circuit : Circuit F α) (offset := 0) : ℕ :=
  Operations.localLength (circuit offset).2

content: @[circuit_norm]
def FormalAssertion.Completeness (F : Type) [Field F] (circuit : ElaboratedCircuit F Input unit)
    (Assumptions : Input F → Prop) (Spec : Input F → Prop) :=
  
  ∀ offset, ∀ env, ∀ input_var : Var Input F,
  env.UsesLocalWitnessesCompleteness offset (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset) →
  
  ∀ input : Input F, eval env input_var = input →
  Assumptions input → Spec input →
  
  ConstraintsHold.Completeness env (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset)

content: @[circuit_norm]
def ConstraintsHold.Completeness (eval : Environment F) : List (Operation F) → Prop
  | [] => True
  | .witness _ _ :: ops => ConstraintsHold.Completeness eval ops
  | .assert e :: ops => eval e = 0 ∧ ConstraintsHold.Completeness eval ops
  | .lookup { table, entry } :: ops =>
    table.Completeness (entry.map eval) ∧ ConstraintsHold.Completeness eval ops
  | .subcircuit s :: ops =>
    s.Completeness eval ∧ ConstraintsHold.Completeness eval ops

content: @[circuit_norm]
def Completeness (F : Type) [Field F] (circuit : ElaboratedCircuit F Input Output)
    (Assumptions : Input F → Prop) :=
  
  ∀ offset : ℕ, ∀ env, ∀ input_var : Var Input F,
  env.UsesLocalWitnessesCompleteness offset (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset) →
  
  ∀ input : Input F, eval env input_var = input →
  Assumptions input →
  
  ConstraintsHold.Completeness env (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset)

content: @[circuit_norm]
def GeneralFormalCircuit.Completeness (F : Type) [Field F] (circuit : ElaboratedCircuit F Input Output) (Assumptions : Input F → Prop) :=
  
  ∀ offset : ℕ, ∀ env, ∀ input_var : Var Input F,
  env.UsesLocalWitnessesCompleteness offset (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset) →
  
  ∀ input : Input F, eval env input_var = input →
  Assumptions input →
  
  ConstraintsHold.Completeness env (circuit.main input_var |>.operations offset)

content: def map {m : ℕ} (xs : Vector α m) (body : α → Circuit F β)
    (_constant : ConstantLength body := by admit /- proof elided -/
    ) : Circuit F (Vector β m) :=
  xs.mapM body

content: def ConstantLength.fromConstantLength {circuit : α → Circuit F β} [Inhabited α]
    (h : ∀ (a : α) n, (circuit a).localLength n = (circuit default).localLength 0) : ConstantLength circuit where
  localLength := (circuit default).localLength 0
  localLength_eq a n := h a n

content: def toFlat : Operations F → List (FlatOperation F)
  | [] => []
  | .witness m c :: ops => .witness m c :: toFlat ops
  | .assert e :: ops => .assert e :: toFlat ops
  | .lookup l :: ops => .lookup l :: toFlat ops
  | .subcircuit s :: ops => s.ops ++ toFlat ops

content: def Environment.UsesLocalWitnesses (env : Environment F) (offset : ℕ) (ops : Operations F) : Prop :=
  ops.forAllFlat offset { witness n _ compute := env.ExtendsVector (compute env) n }

content: @[circuit_norm]
def Environment.ExtendsVector (env : Environment F) (wit : Vector F n) (offset : ℕ) : Prop :=
  ∀ i : Fin n, env.get (offset + i.val) = wit[i.val]

content: def Operations.forAllFlat (n : ℕ) (condition : Condition F) (ops : Operations F) : Prop :=
  forAll n { condition with subcircuit n _ s := FlatOperation.forAll n condition s.ops } ops

content: def GeneralFormalCircuit.toSubcircuit (circuit : GeneralFormalCircuit F β α)
    (n : ℕ) (input_var : Var β F) : Subcircuit F n :=
  let ops := circuit.main input_var |>.operations n
  have h_consistent : ops.SubcircuitsConsistent n := circuit.subcircuitsConsistent input_var n

  have imply_soundness : ∀ env : Environment F,
      let input := eval env input_var
      let output := eval env (circuit.output input_var n)
      ConstraintsHoldFlat env ops.toFlat → circuit.Spec input output :=

content: def FormalCircuit.toSubcircuit (circuit : FormalCircuit F β α)
    (n : ℕ) (input_var : Var β F) : Subcircuit F n :=
  let ops := circuit.main input_var |>.operations n
  have h_consistent : ops.SubcircuitsConsistent n := circuit.subcircuitsConsistent input_var n

  have imply_soundness : ∀ env : Environment F,
    let input := eval env input_var
    let output := eval env (circuit.output input_var n)
    ConstraintsHoldFlat env ops.toFlat → circuit.Assumptions input → circuit.Spec input output :=

-- Repository lemmas used:
content: theorem mul_nat_val_of_dvd {x : F p} (c : ℕ) (c_lt : c < p) {z : ℕ} :
    (c * x).val = c * z → (c * x).val = c * x.val

content: theorem mul_val_of_dvd {x c : F p} :
    c.val ∣ (c * x).val → (c * x).val = c.val * x.val

content: theorem natToField_eq {n : ℕ} {lt : n < p} (x : F p) (hx : x = natToField n lt) : x.val = n

content: theorem ext {x y : F p} (h : x.val = y.val) : x = y

content: theorem p_ne_zero : p ≠ 0

-- Local definitions used:
content: structure Inputs (F : Type) where
  x: F
  y: F

content: def Assumptions (input : Inputs (F p)) :=
  let ⟨x, y⟩ := input
  x.val < 256 ∧ y.val < 256

content: def Spec (input : Inputs (F p)) (z : F p) :=
  let ⟨x, y⟩ := input
  z.val = x.val &&& y.val

content: def main (input : Var Inputs (F p)) : Circuit (F p) (fieldVar (F p)) := do
  let ⟨x, y⟩ := input
  let and ← witness fun eval => (eval x).val &&& (eval y).val
  
  let xor := x + y - 2*and
  lookup ByteXorTable (x, y, xor)
  return and

content: instance elaborated : ElaboratedCircuit (F p) Inputs field where
  main
  localLength _ := 1
  output _ i := var ⟨i⟩

-- Local lemmas used:
content: theorem and_times_two_add_xor {x y : ℕ} (hx : x < 256) (hy : y < 256) : 2 * (x &&& y) + (x ^^^ y) = x + y

content: theorem xor_le_add {x y : ℕ} (hx : x < 256) (hy : y < 256) : x ^^^ y ≤ x + y

-- Target theorem and proof:
theorem soundness : Soundness (F p) elaborated Assumptions Spec
:= by
  intro i env ⟨ x_var, y_var ⟩ ⟨ x, y ⟩ h_input h_assumptions h_xor
  simp_all only [circuit_norm, main, Assumptions, Spec, ByteXorTable, Inputs.mk.injEq]
  have ⟨ hx_byte, hy_byte ⟩ := h_assumptions
  set w := env.get i
  set z := x + y + -(2*w)
  show w.val = x.val &&& y.val

  -- it's easier to prove something about 2*w since it features in the constraint
  have two_and_field : 2*w = x + y - z := by ring

  have x_y_val : (x + y).val = x.val + y.val := by field_to_nat
  have z_lt : z.val ≤ (x + y).val := by
    rw [h_xor, x_y_val]
    exact xor_le_add hx_byte hy_byte
  have x_y_z_val : (x + y - z).val = x.val + y.val - z.val := by
    rw [ZMod.val_sub z_lt, x_y_val]

  have two_and : (2*w).val = 2*(x.val &&& y.val) := by
    rw [two_and_field, x_y_z_val, h_xor, ←and_times_two_add_xor hx_byte hy_byte, Nat.add_sub_cancel]

  clear two_and_field x_y_val x_y_z_val h_xor z_lt

  -- crucial step: since 2 divides (2*w).val, we can actually pull in .val
  have two_mul_val : (2*w).val = 2*w.val := FieldUtils.mul_nat_val_of_dvd 2
    (by linarith [p_large_enough.elim]) two_and

  rw [two_mul_val, Nat.mul_left_cancel_iff (by linarith)] at two_and
  exact two_and