Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

His first feature-length picture was The Kid (1921), followed by A Woman of Paris (1923), The Gold Rush (1925), and The Circus (1928).


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

He refused to move to sound films in the 1930s, instead producing City Lights (1931) and Modern Times (1936) without dialogue.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

Chaplin became increasingly political and his next film, The Great Dictator (1940), satirised Adolf Hitler .


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

The 1940s was a decade marked with controversy for Chaplin, and his popularity declined rapidly.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

He was accused of communist sympathies, while his involvement in a paternity suit and marriages to much younger women were considered scandalous.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

An FBI investigation was opened on Chaplin, and he was eventually forced to leave the United States and settle in Switzerland.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

He abandoned the Tramp for his later films, which include Monsieur Verdoux (1947), Limelight (1952), A King in New York (1957), and A Countess From Hong Kong (1967).


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

Chaplin wrote, directed, produced, edited, scored, and starred in most of his films.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

He was a perfectionist, and his financial independence meant he often spent years on the development and production of a picture.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

His films are characterised by slapstick combined with pathos , and often feature the Tramp struggling against adversity.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

Many contain social and political themes, as well as autobiographical elements.


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

In 1972, as part of a renewed appreciation for his work, Chaplin received an Honorary Academy Award for "the incalculable effect he has had in making motion pictures the art form of this century".


Question: how much money did charlie chaplin make in any year in the 1920

He continues to be held in high regard, with The Gold Rush, City Lights, Modern Times, and The Great Dictator often ranked among the greatest films of all time.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), commonly shortened to Planned Parenthood, is the U.S. affiliate of the International Planned Parenthood Federation (IPPF) and one of its larger members.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

PPFA is a non-profit organization providing reproductive health and maternal and child health services.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

The Planned Parenthood Action Fund, Inc. (PPAF) is a related organization which lobbies for pro-choice legislation, comprehensive sex education , and access to affordable health care in the United States.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

Planned Parenthood is the largest U.S. provider of reproductive health services, including cancer screening, HIV screening and counseling, contraception, and abortion .


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

Contraception accounts for 35% of PPFA's total services and abortions account for 3%; PPFA conducts roughly 300,000 abortions each year, among 3 million people served.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

The organization has its roots in Brooklyn, New York , where Margaret Sanger opened the country's first birth-control clinic.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

Sanger founded the American Birth Control League in 1921, which in 1942 became part of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

Since then, Planned Parenthood has grown to have over 820 clinic locations in the U.S., with a total budget of US $1 billion.


Question: how does planned parenthood fund abortions?

PPFA provides an array of services to over three million people in the United States, and supports services for over one million clients outside the United States.


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

In criminal law , it is viewed as one of the necessary elements of some crimes .


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

The standard common law test of criminal liability is usually expressed in the Latin phrase, actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea, which means "the act is not culpable unless the mind is guilty".


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

Thus, in jurisdictions with due process , there must be an actus reus , or "guilty act," accompanied by some level of mens rea to constitute the crime with which the defendant is charged (see the technical requirement of concurrence ).


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

As a general rule, criminal liability does not attach to a person who acted with the absence of mental fault.


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

The exception is strict liability crimes.


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

In civil law, it is usually not necessary to prove a subjective mental element to establish liability for breach of contract or tort , for example.


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

However, if a tort is intentionally committed or a contract is intentionally breached, such intent may increase the scope of liability as well as the measure of damages payable to the plaintiff .


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

Therefore, mens rea refers to the mental element of the offence that accompanies the actus reus.


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

In some jurisdictions, the terms mens rea and actus reus have been replaced by alternative terminology.


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

In Australia , for example, the elements of the federal offences are now designated as "fault elements" or "mental elements" (mens rea) and "physical elements" or "external elements" (actus reus).


Question: What does the term "mens rea" mean

This terminology was adopted to replace the obscurity of the Latin terms with simple and accurate phrasing.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Ulysses S. Grant (born Hiram Ulysses Grant; April 27, 1822 – July 23, 1885) was the 18th President of the United States (1869–1877) following his highly successful role as a war general in the second half of the Civil War .


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Under Grant, the Union Army defeated the Confederate military ; having effectively ended the war and secession with the surrender of Robert E. Lee's army at Appomattox.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

As president he led the Radical Republicans in their effort to eliminate all vestiges of Confederate nationalism and slavery.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Upset over uncontrolled violence in the South and having desired to protect African American citizenship, President Grant effectively destroyed the Ku Klux Klan in 1871.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Grant was the first President to establish Civil Service reform having created a two-year federally funded Civil Service Commission in 1871.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

In terms of foreign policy , Grant revealed an "unexpected capacity for deliberation and consultation" that promoted the national interest.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

His reputation was marred by his repeated defense of corrupt appointees, and by America's first industrial age economic depression (called the " Panic of 1873 ") that dominated his second term.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Although his Republican Party split in 1872 with reformers denouncing him, Grant was easily reelected.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

By 1875 the conservative white Southern opposition regained control of every state in the South and as he left the White House in March 1877 his policies were being undone.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

A career soldier, he graduated from the United States Military Academy at West Point and served in the Mexican–American War .


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

When the Civil War began in 1861, Grant trained Union volunteer regiments in Illinois.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

In 1862, as a general he fought a series of battles and was promoted to major general after forcing the surrender of a large Confederate army and gaining control of Kentucky and most of Tennessee .


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

He then led Union forces to victory after initial setbacks in the Battle of Shiloh , earning a reputation as an aggressive commander.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

In July 1863, after a long, complex campaign, Grant defeated five uncoordinated Confederate armies (capturing one of them) and seized Vicksburg .


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

This famous victory gave the Union full control of the Mississippi River , split off the western Confederacy, and opened the way for more Union triumphs.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

After another win at the Battle of Chattanooga in late 1863, President Abraham Lincoln made him lieutenant general and commander of all of the Union Armies.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

As commanding general of the army, Grant confronted Robert E. Lee in a series of very bloody battles in 1864 known as the Overland Campaign that ended with the bottling up of Lee at Petersburg , outside the Confederate capital of Richmond.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

During the siege, Grant coordinated a series of devastating campaigns launched by William Tecumseh Sherman , Philip Sheridan , and George Thomas .


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Finally breaking through Lee's trenches, the Union Army captured Richmond in April 1865.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Lee surrendered his depleted forces to Grant at Appomattox as the Confederacy collapsed.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Although pro-Confederate historians attacked Grant as a ruthless butcher who won by brute force, most historians have hailed his military genius.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Grant's two consecutive terms as President stabilized the nation after the American Civil War and during the turbulent Reconstruction period that followed.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

As president, he enforced Reconstruction by enforcing civil rights laws and fighting Ku Klux Klan violence.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Grant won passage of the Fifteenth Amendment ; giving constitutional protection for African-American voting rights.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

He used the army to build the Republican Party in the South, based on black voters, Northern newcomers (" Carpetbaggers ") and native white supporters (" Scalawags .")


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

As a result, African Americans were represented in the U.S. Congress for the first time in American history in 1870.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Reformers praised Grant's Indian peace policy by having broken the deadlock on Indian appropriations in Congress, the creation of the Board of Indian Commissioners to make reform recommendations, and his enlistment of Quaker Protestants who controlled mid western Indian agencies, that effectively curbed Congressional patronage.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Grant remained determined in keeping Indians from being exterminated from white settler encroachment or by the U.S. military.


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Grant's reputation as president by 1875 was at an all-time high for his previous veto of the Inflation Bill, the passage of the Resumption of Specie Act, and Secretary Bristow's successful raids that shut down the Whiskey Ring .


Question: what does s in ulysses s grant stand for

Grant's foreign policy, led by Secretary of State Hamilton Fish , implemented International Arbitration , settled the Alabama Claims with Britain and avoided war with Spain over the Virginius Affair .


Question: What city is AMI Box  Juke Made?

A jukebox is a partially automated music-playing device , usually a coin-operated machine , that will play a patron's selection from self-contained media.


Question: What city is AMI Box  Juke Made?

The classic jukebox has buttons with letters and numbers on them that, when entered in combination, are used to play a specific selection.


Question: what do UA's detect

A drug test is a technical analysis of a biological specimen – for example urine, hair, blood, sweat, or oral fluid / saliva – to determine the presence or absence of specified parent drugs or their metabolites .


Question: what do UA's detect

Major uses of drug testing are to detect the presence of performance enhancing steroids in sport or for drugs prohibited by laws, such as cannabis , cocaine and heroin.


Question: what do UA's detect

A "10-panel urine screen" consists of the following:


Question: what do UA's detect

Amphetamines (including Methamphetamine )


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: what do UA's detect

Opiates ( Codeine , Morphine , Heroin , Oxycodone , Hydrocodone , etc.)


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: what do UA's detect


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

Saturn V rocket, used for the American manned lunar landing missions


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration is the discovery and exploration of outer space by means of space technology .


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft .


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

While the observation of objects in space, known as astronomy , predates reliable recorded history , it was the development of large and relatively efficient rockets during the early 20th century that allowed physical space exploration to become a reality.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

Common rationales for exploring space include advancing scientific research, uniting different nations, ensuring the future survival of humanity and developing military and strategic advantages against other countries.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

Various criticisms of space exploration are sometimes made.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

Space exploration has often been used as a proxy competition for geopolitical rivalries such as the Cold War .


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

The early era of space exploration was driven by a " Space Race " between the Soviet Union and the United States , the launch of the first man-made object to orbit the Earth , the USSR's Sputnik 1 , on 4 October 1957, and the first Moon landing by the American Apollo 11 craft on 20 July 1969 are often taken as the boundaries for this initial period.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

The Soviet space program achieved many of the first milestones, including the first living being in orbit in 1957, the first human spaceflight ( Yuri Gagarin aboard Vostok 1 ) in 1961, the first spacewalk (by Aleksei Leonov ) on 18 March 1965, the first automatic landing on another celestial body in 1966, and the launch of the first space station ( Salyut 1 ) in 1971.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

After the first 20 years of exploration, focus shifted from one-off flights to renewable hardware, such as the Space Shuttle program , and from competition to cooperation as with the International Space Station (ISS).


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

With the substantial completion of the ISS following STS-133 in March 2011, plans for space exploration by the USA remain in flux.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

Constellation , a Bush Administration program for a return to the Moon by 2020 was judged inadequately funded and unrealistic by an expert review panel reporting in 2009.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

The Obama Administration proposed a revision of Constellation in 2010 to focus on the development of the capability for crewed missions beyond low earth orbit (LEO), envisioning extending the operation of the ISS beyond 2020, transferring the development of launch vehicles for human crews from NASA to the private sector, and developing technology to enable missions to beyond LEO, such as Earth/Moon L1 , the Moon, Earth/Sun L2 , near-earth asteroids, and Phobos or Mars orbit.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

As of March 2011, the US Senate and House of Representatives are still working towards a compromise NASA funding bill, which will probably terminate Constellation and fund development of a heavy lift launch vehicle (HLLV).


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

In the 2000s, the People's Republic of China initiated a successful manned spaceflight program , while the European Union , Japan, and India have also planned future manned space missions.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

China, Russia, Japan, and India have advocated manned missions to the Moon during the 21st century, while the European Union has advocated manned missions to both the Moon and Mars during the 21st century.


Question: how many missions has the us sent to mars

From the 1990s onwards, private interests began promoting space tourism and then private space exploration of the Moon (see Google Lunar X Prize ).


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

John Calvin Coolidge, Jr. (July 4, 1872January 5, 1933) was the 30th President of the United States (1923–1929).


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

A Republican lawyer from Vermont , Coolidge worked his way up the ladder of Massachusetts state politics , eventually becoming governor of that state.


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

His conduct during the Boston Police Strike of 1919 thrust him into the national spotlight and gave him a reputation as a man of decisive action.


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Soon after, he was elected as the 29th Vice President in 1920 and succeeded to the Presidency upon the sudden death of Warren G. Harding in 1923.


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Elected in his own right in 1924, he gained a reputation as a small-government conservative , and also as a man who said very little.


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of his predecessor's administration, and left office with considerable popularity.


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

As a Coolidge biographer put it, "He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class , could interpret their longings and express their opinions.


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

That he did represent the genius of the average is the most convincing proof of his strength."


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

Some later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government.


Question: how many terms did calvin coolidge serve

His reputation underwent a renaissance during the Ronald Reagan Administration, but the ultimate assessment of his presidency is still divided between those who approve of his reduction of the size of government programs and those who believe the federal government should be more involved in regulating and controlling the economy.


Question: how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso is a concentrated beverage brewed by forcing a small amount of nearly boiling water under pressure through finely ground coffee beans .


Question: how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso often has a thicker consistency than coffee brewed by other methods, a higher concentration of suspended and dissolved solids, and crema (meaning cream, but being a reference to the foam with a creamy texture that forms as a result of the pressure).


Question: how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

As a result of the pressurized brewing process the flavors and chemicals in a typical cup of espresso are very concentrated.


Question: how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso is the base for other drinks, such as a latte , cappuccino , macchiato , mocha , or americano .


Question: how much caffeine is in a shot of espresso

Espresso has more caffeine per unit volume than most beverages, but the usual serving size is smaller—a typical 60 mL (2 US fluid ounce ) of espresso has 80 to 150 mg of caffeine, little less than the 95 to 200 mg of a standard 240 mL (8 US fluid ounces ) cup of drip-brewed coffee.


Question: how old are the massey brothers

Christopher Michael Massey (born 26 January 1990) is an American actor, comedian and rapper best known for starring as Michael Barret in Nickelodeon television series Zoey 101 .


Question: how old are the massey brothers

Massey has received many awards and nomination including a Young Artist Award and Emmy Awards nominations.


Question: how old are the massey brothers

He is also known for appearing in several commercials in the early 2000s.


Question: how many championships brian kelly coached

Brian Keith Kelly (born October 25, 1961) is an American football coach and former player.


Question: how many championships brian kelly coached

He is currently the head football coach for the Notre Dame Fighting Irish , a position he has held since December 2009.


Question: how many championships brian kelly coached

Kelly was previously head coach at Grand Valley State University (1991–2003), Central Michigan University (2004–2006), and University of Cincinnati (2006–2009).


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Sidney Patrick Crosby, ONS (born August 7, 1987) is a Canadian professional ice hockey player who is captain of the Pittsburgh Penguins of the National Hockey League (NHL).


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Crosby was drafted first overall by the Penguins out of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League (QMJHL).


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

During his two-year major junior career with the Rimouski Océanic , he earned back-to-back CHL Player of the Year awards and led his club to the 2005 Memorial Cup final.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Nicknamed " The Next One ", he was one of the most highly regarded draft picks in hockey history, leading many to refer to the 2005 Draft Lottery as the "Sidney Crosby Sweepstakes".


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

In his first NHL season , Crosby finished sixth in league scoring with 102 points (39 goals, 63 assists) and was a runner-up for the Calder Memorial Trophy (won by Alexander Ovechkin ).


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

By his second season , he led the NHL with 120 points (36 goals, 84 assists) to capture the Art Ross Trophy , becoming the youngest player and the only teenager to win a scoring title in any major North American sports league .


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

That same season, Crosby also won the Hart Memorial Trophy as the Professional Hockey Writers Association 's choice for most valuable player and the Lester B. Pearson Award as the NHL Players Association 's choice for most outstanding player, becoming the seventh player in NHL history to earn all three awards in one year.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Crosby started the 2007–08 season with the team's captaincy and subsequently led them to the 2008 Stanley Cup Finals , where they were defeated by the Detroit Red Wings in six games.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

The Penguins returned to the Finals against Detroit the following year and won in seven games; Crosby became the youngest captain in NHL history to win the Stanley Cup .


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

In the 2009–10 season , Crosby scored a career-high 51 goals, tying him with Steven Stamkos for the Rocket Richard Trophy as the league-leader; with 58 assists, he totaled 109 points, second in the NHL.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

During the off-season, Crosby received the Mark Messier Leadership Award .


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

In 2010–11 , Crosby sustained a concussion as a result of hits to the head in back-to-back games.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

The injury left him sidelined for ten and a half months.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

However, after playing eight games in the 2011–12 season , Crosby's concussion-like symptoms returned in December 2011, and he did not return until mid-March 2012.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Internationally, Crosby has represented Canada in numerous tournaments for the country's junior and men's teams .


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

After competing in the 2003 U-18 Junior World Cup , he represented Canada in back-to-back IIHF World U20 Championships , winning silver in 2004 and gold in 2005 .


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

At the 2006 IIHF World Championship , he led the tournament in scoring, while also earning Top Forward and All-Star Team honours.


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Four years later, Crosby was named to Team Canada for the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver .


Question: how did the penguins acquire sidney crosby

Playing the United States in the gold medal game, he scored the game-winning goal in overtime .


Question: what does add my two cents mean

A United States cent , also known as a penny .


Question: what does add my two cents mean

"My two cents" (2¢) and its longer version "put my two cents in" is an United States (US) idiomatic expression, taken from the original English idiom expression: to put in "my two pennies worth" or "my tuppence worth."


Question: what does add my two cents mean

It is used to preface the tentative stating of one's opinion.


Question: what does add my two cents mean

By deprecating the opinion to follow – suggesting its value is only two cents , a very small amount – the user of the phrase hopes to lessen the impact of a possibly statement, showing politeness and humility.


Question: what does add my two cents mean

However, it is also sometimes used with irony when expressing a strongly felt opinion.


Question: what does add my two cents mean

The phrase is also used out of habit to preface uncontentious opinions.


Question: what does add my two cents mean


Question: what is pitch in climbing


Question: what is pitch in climbing

Multi-pitch climbing is the ascent of climbing routes with one or more stops at a belay station.


Question: what is pitch in climbing

Each section of actual climbing between stops at the belay stations is called a pitch .


Question: what is pitch in climbing

The leader ascends the pitch, placing gear and stopping to anchor themselves to the belay station.


Question: what is pitch in climbing

The reason for the stops can be determined by choice, convention or necessity.


Question: what is pitch in climbing

The rope is too short to do the entire route in one pitch (necessity).


Question: what is pitch in climbing

The leader has run out of protective gear (necessity).


Question: what is pitch in climbing

There is a convenient protectable ledge, or fixed bolts placed by previous climbers, at the location for a belay station (convention).


Question: what is pitch in climbing

The leader chooses to rest or exchange leads before the next section of the climb (choice).


Question: what is pitch in climbing

The general purpose of these stops is to allow the second to ascend to the point of the lead climber while collecting the protective gear from the route in the course of the lead climber's ascent.


Question: what is pitch in climbing

At the belay station, the protective gear is collected, possibly exchanged to a new leader, and the leader of the next pitch ascends the route.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The Chinese Civil War was a civil war in China fought between forces loyal to the government of the Republic of China led by the Kuomintang (KMT) and forces of the Communist Party of China (CPC).


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The war began in April 1927, amidst the Northern Expedition , and essentially ended when major active battles ceased in 1950.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The conflict eventually resulted in two de facto states , the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in mainland China , both claiming to be the legitimate government of China.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The war represented an ideological split (Left vs. Right) between the Communist CPC, and the KMT's brand of Nationalism .


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The civil war continued intermittently until late 1937, when the two parties formed a Second United Front to counter a Japanese invasion .


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

China's full-scale civil war resumed in 1946, a year after the end of hostilities with Japan.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

After four more years, 1950 saw the cessation of major military hostilities—with the newly founded People's Republic of China controlling mainland China (including Hainan ), and the Republic of China's jurisdiction being restricted to Taiwan, Penghu , Quemoy , Matsu and several outlying islands .


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The Kuomintang defeat is attributed to several factors: Corruption - Chiang wrote in his diary on June 1948 that the KMT had failed, not because of external enemies but because of rot from within.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

Strong initial support from the U.S. diminished, and then, stopped.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

(Partly because of KMT corruption and anti-democratic regime, and partly because of the uncertain U.S. foreign policy towards Communism between 1945 and 1950); Communist land reform policy promised poor peasants farmland from their landlords.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

After the surrender of Japan at the end of World War II, Soviet forces turned over their captured Japanese weapons to the CPC and allowed the CPC to take control of territory in Manchuria.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

To this day, no armistice or peace treaty has ever been signed, and it is debated as to the whether the Civil War has legally ended.


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

Cross-Strait relations have been hindered by military threats and political and economic pressure, particularly over Taiwan's political status , with both governments officially adhering to a " One-China policy ."


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The PRC still actively claims Taiwan as part of its territory and continues to threaten the ROC with a military invasion if the ROC officially declares independence by changing its name to and gaining international recognition as the Republic of Taiwan .


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

The ROC mutually claims mainland China, and they both continue the fight over diplomatic recognition .


Question: what happened to kuomintang after the chinese civil war

Today, the war as such occurs on the political and economic fronts in the form of cross-Strait relations; however, the two separate de facto states have close economic ties.


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

The One Hundred Twelfth United States Congress was the meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, from January 3, 2011 until January 3, 2013.


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

It convened in Washington, D.C. on January 3, 2011, and ended on January 3, 2013, 17 days before the end of the presidential term to which Barack Obama was elected in 2008.


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

Senators elected to regular terms in 2006 completed those terms in this Congress.


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

This Congress included the last House of Representatives elected from congressional districts that were apportioned based on the 2000 census .


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

In the 2010 midterm elections , the Republican Party won the majority in the House of Representatives.


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

While the Democrats kept their Senate majority, it was reduced from the previous Congress.


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

This was the first Congress in which the House and Senate were controlled by different parties since the 107th Congress (2001–2003), and the first Congress to begin that way since the 99th Congress (1985–1987).


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

In this Congress, the House of Representatives had the largest number of Republican members, 242, since the 80th Congress (1947–1949).


Question: how many representative in congress 2011

It was also the first Congress since 1947 in which no member of the Kennedy family served, as well as the most politically polarized Congress since Reconstruction , with record low approval ratings.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

Wealth in the United States is commonly measured in terms of net worth , which is the sum of all assets , including home equity , minus all liabilities .


Question: how much total wealth in USA

The total net worth of US households and nonprofit organizations 1945–2009, unadjusted for inflation or population change.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

For example, a household in possession of an $800,000 house, $5,000 in mutual funds, $30,000 in cars, $20,000 worth of stock in their own company, and a $45,000 IRA would have assets totaling $900,000.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

Assuming that this household would have a $250,000 mortgage, $40,000 in car loans, and $10,000 in credit card debt, its debts would total $300,000.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

Subtracting the debts from the worth of this household's assets (900,000 - $300,000 = $600,000), this household would have a net worth of $600,000.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

Net worth can vary with fluctuations in value of the underlying assets.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

The wealth —more specifically, the median net worth—of households in the United States is varied with relation to race, education, geographic location and gender.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

As one would expect, households with greater income feature the highest net worths, though high income cannot be taken as an always accurate indicator of net worth.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

Overall the number of wealthier households is on the rise, with baby boomers hitting the highs of their careers.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

In addition, wealth is unevenly distributed, with the wealthiest 25% of US households owning 87% of the wealth in the United States, which was $54.2 trillion in 2009.


Question: how much total wealth in USA

Including human capital such as skills, the United Nations estimated the total wealth of the United States in 2008 to be $118 trillion.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

This article deals with Selective Dorsal Rhizotomy (SDR) rather than the rhizotomy procedures for pain relief ; for those procedures, which have begun to take the name "rhizotomy" in certain instances, see facet rhizotomy and similar.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

A rhizotomy ( ) is a term chiefly referring to a neurosurgical procedure that selectively destroys problematic nerve roots in the spinal cord , most often to relieve the symptoms of neuromuscular conditions such as spastic diplegia and other forms of spastic cerebral palsy .


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

The selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) for spastic cerebral palsy has been the main use of rhizotomy for neurosurgeons specialising in spastic CP since the 1980s; in this surgery, the spasticity-causing nerves are isolated and then targeted and destroyed.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

The sensory nerve roots, where spasticity is located, are first separated from the motor ones, and the nerve fibres to be cut are then identified via electromyographic stimulation.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

The ones producing spasticity are then selectively lesioned with tiny electrical pulses.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

In spasticity, rhizotomy precisely targets and destroys the damaged nerves that don't receive gamma amino butyric acid , which is the core problem for people with spastic cerebral palsy .


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

These over-firing, non-GABA-absorbing nerves generate unusual electrical activity during the EMG testing phase in SDR and are thus considered to be the source of the patient's hypertonia ; they are eliminated with the electrical pulses once identified, while the remaining nerves and nerve routes carrying the correct messages remain fully intact and untouched.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

This means that the spasticity is permanently dissolved, and that this is done without affecting nervous system sensitivity or function in other areas, because the only nerves destroyed are the over-firing ones responsible for the muscle tightness.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

The terms rhizotomy and neurotomy are also increasingly becoming interchangeable in the treatment of chronic back pain from degenerative disc disease .


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

This is a procedure called a facet rhizotomy and is not a surgical procedure but is instead done on an outpatient basis using a simple probe to apply radiofrequency waves to the impinged pain-causing nerve root lying between the facet joint and the vertebral body.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

Such radio frequency nerve lesioning results in five to eight or more months of pain relief before the nerve regenerates and another round of the procedure needs to be performed.


Question: How will I feel after my Rhizotomy surgery?

A facet rhizotomy is just one of many different forms of radiofrequency ablation , and its use of the "rhizotomy" name should not be confused with the SDR procedure.


Question: what does a migrant worker do


Question: what does a migrant worker do

The term migrant worker has different official meanings and connotations in different parts of the world.


Question: what does a migrant worker do

The United Nations ' definition is broad, including any people working outside of their home country.


Question: what does a migrant worker do

The term can also be used to describe someone who migrates within a country, possibly their own, in order to pursue work such as seasonal work .


Question: what does the tear tattoo mean

Photograph of Lil Wayne with teardrop tattoos below his eyes.


Question: what does the tear tattoo mean

The teardrop tattoo or tear tattoo is a symbolic tattoo that is placed underneath the eye.


Question: what does the tear tattoo mean

It has no fixed meaning but almost all meanings (see below) have some connection to prison.


Question: how much is 7 teaspoons'

A conventional teaspoon made of stainless steel.


Question: how much is 7 teaspoons'

A teaspoon is an item of cutlery and/or a measuring instrument , as well as a unit of measurement of volume in some countries and customs.


Question: how much of US 75 is 4 lane

U.S. Route 75 is a north–south U.S. Highway .


Question: how much of US 75 is 4 lane

The highway's northern terminus is in Kittson County, Minnesota , at the Canadian border, where it once continued as Manitoba Highway 75 on the other side of the now-closed border crossing.


Question: how much of US 75 is 4 lane

Its southern terminus is at Interstate 30 and Interstate 45 in Dallas, Texas , where it is known as North Central Expressway .


Question: how much of US 75 is 4 lane

U.S. 75 was a border-to-border route, from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico at Galveston , Texas .


Question: how much of US 75 is 4 lane

However, the entire segment south of Dallas , Texas has been decommissioned in favor of Interstate 45 , a cutoff section of town-to-town surface road having become State Highway 75 .


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Lower Ninth Ward is a neighborhood of the city of New Orleans .


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

As the name implies, it is part of the Ninth Ward of New Orleans .


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

The Lower Ninth Ward is often thought of as the entire area within New Orleans downriver of the Industrial Canal ; however, the City Planning Commission divides this area into the Lower Ninth Ward (2) and Holy Cross (3) neighborhoods.


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

The term "Lower" refers to its location farther towards the mouth of the Mississippi River , "down" or "below" the rest of the city in local geographic terminology.


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

But the 9th Ward, like all Wards in New Orleans, is a voting district.


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

The 9th Ward was added as a voting district in 1852.


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

The "lower" 9th Ward is composed of Ward 9 Districts 1, 2, 4, and 7 which make up the Holy Cross Area and Ward 9 Districts 3, 5, 6, and 8.


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

Higher voting district numbers in the 9th Ward (8-27) are on the upriver side of the Industrial Canal.


Question: how did streets in lower 9th ward new orleans get their names

The area came to national attention for its devastation in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina in 2005.


Question: how was the moon formed

Hubble views of Copernicus crater (inset), which is about 58 miles (93 km) wide


Question: how was the moon formed

Red and orange tinted Moon, as seen from Earth during a lunar eclipse, where the Earth comes between the Moon and Sun


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon is the only natural satellite of the Earth , and the fifth largest satellite in the Solar System .


Question: how was the moon formed

It is the largest natural satellite of a planet in the Solar System relative to the size of its primary , having 27% the diameter and 60% the density of Earth, resulting in its mass .


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon is the second densest satellite after Io , a satellite of Jupiter.


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon is in synchronous rotation with Earth, always showing the same face with its near side marked by dark volcanic maria that fill between the bright ancient crustal highlands and the prominent impact craters .


Question: how was the moon formed

It is the brightest object in the sky after the Sun , although its surface is actually very dark, with a reflectance similar to that of coal.


Question: how was the moon formed

Its prominence in the sky and its regular cycle of phases have, since ancient times, made the Moon an important cultural influence on language , calendars , art and mythology .


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon's gravitational influence produces the ocean tides and the minute lengthening of the day.


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon's current orbital distance, about thirty times the diameter of the Earth, causes it to appear almost the same size in the sky as the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun nearly precisely in total solar eclipses .


Question: how was the moon formed

This matching of apparent visual size is a coincidence.


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon's linear distance from the Earth is currently increasing at a rate of 3.82±0.07cm per year, but this rate is not constant.


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon is thought to have formed nearly 4.5 billion years ago, not long after the Earth.


Question: how was the moon formed

Although there have been several hypotheses for its origin in the past, the current most widely accepted explanation is that the Moon formed from the debris left over after a giant impact between Earth and a Mars -sized body.


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon is the only celestial body other than Earth on which humans have set foot .


Question: how was the moon formed

The Soviet Union 's Luna programme was the first to reach the Moon with unmanned spacecraft in 1959; the United States' NASA Apollo program achieved the only manned missions to date, beginning with the first manned lunar orbiting mission by Apollo 8 in 1968, and six manned lunar landings between 1969 and 1972, with the first being Apollo 11 .


Question: how was the moon formed

These missions returned over 380 kg of lunar rocks , which have been used to develop a geological understanding of the Moon's origins, the formation of its internal structure , and its subsequent history .


Question: how was the moon formed

After the Apollo 17 mission in 1972, the Moon has been visited only by unmanned spacecraft, notably by the final Soviet Lunokhod rover .


Question: how was the moon formed

Since 2004, Japan, China, India, the United States, and the European Space Agency have each sent lunar orbiters.


Question: how was the moon formed

These spacecraft have contributed to confirming the discovery of lunar water ice in permanently shadowed craters at the poles and bound into the lunar regolith .


Question: how was the moon formed

Future manned missions to the Moon have been planned, including government as well as privately funded efforts.


Question: how was the moon formed

The Moon remains, under the Outer Space Treaty , free to all nations to explore for peaceful purposes.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Ronald Wilson Reagan (; February 6, 1911 – June 5, 2004) was the 40th President of the United States (1981–1989).


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Prior to that, he was the 33rd Governor of California (1967–1975), and a radio, film and television actor.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Born in Tampico, Illinois , and raised in Dixon , Reagan was educated at Eureka College , earning a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and sociology .


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

After graduating, Reagan moved first to Iowa to work as a radio broadcaster and then, in 1937, to Los Angeles where he began a career as an actor, first in films and later television.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Some of his most notable films include Knute Rockne, All American (1940), Kings Row (1942), and Bedtime for Bonzo (1951).


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Reagan served as President of the Screen Actors Guild and later as a spokesman for General Electric (GE); his start in politics occurred during his work for GE.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Originally a member of the Democratic Party , his positions began shifting rightward in the 1950s, and he switched to the Republican Party in 1962.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

After delivering a rousing speech in support of Barry Goldwater 's presidential candidacy in 1964, he was persuaded to seek the California governorship, winning two years later and again in 1970 .


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

He was defeated in his run for the Republican presidential nomination in 1968 and in 1976 , but won both the nomination and general election in 1980 , defeating incumbent Jimmy Carter .


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

As president, Reagan implemented sweeping new political and economic initiatives.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

His supply-side economic policies, dubbed " Reaganomics ", advocated reducing tax rates to spur economic growth, controlling the money supply to reduce inflation, deregulation of the economy, and reducing government spending.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

In his first term he survived an assassination attempt , took a hard line against labor unions, announced a new War on Drugs , and ordered an invasion of Grenada .


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

He was re-elected in a landslide in 1984 , proclaiming that it was " Morning in America ".


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

His second term was primarily marked by foreign matters, such as the ending of the Cold War , the 1986 bombing of Libya , and the revelation of the Iran-Contra affair .


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Publicly describing the Soviet Union as an " evil empire ", he supported anti-communist movements worldwide and spent his first term forgoing the strategy of détente by ordering a massive military buildup in an arms race with the USSR.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

Reagan negotiated with Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev , culminating in the INF Treaty and the decrease of both countries' nuclear arsenals.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

In 1994, the former president disclosed that he had been diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease earlier in the year; he died ten years later at the age of 93.


Question: what did ronald reagan do as president

A conservative icon, he ranks highly in public opinion polls of U.S. Presidents and is credited for generating an ideological renaissance on the American political right .


Question: how many verses does the chapter 21 of the book of joshua have according to the aleppo codex

Complete set of scrolls, constituting the entire Tanakh.


Question: how many verses does the chapter 21 of the book of joshua have according to the aleppo codex

The Tanakh (, or ; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach) is a name used in Judaism for the canon of the Hebrew Bible .


Question: how many verses does the chapter 21 of the book of joshua have according to the aleppo codex

The Tanakh is also known as the Masoretic Text or the Miqra.


Question: how many verses does the chapter 21 of the book of joshua have according to the aleppo codex

The name is an acronym formed from the initial Hebrew letters of the Masoretic Text's three traditional subdivisions: The Torah ("Teaching", also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings")—hence TaNaKh.


Question: how many verses does the chapter 21 of the book of joshua have according to the aleppo codex

The name "Miqra" (מקרא), meaning "that which is read", is an alternative Hebrew term for the Tanakh.


Question: how many verses does the chapter 21 of the book of joshua have according to the aleppo codex

The books of the Tanakh were relayed with an accompanying oral tradition passed on by each generation, called the Oral Torah .


Question: what is the jewish bible called

Complete set of scrolls, constituting the entire Tanakh.


Question: what is the jewish bible called

The Tanakh (, or ; also Tenakh, Tenak, Tanach) is a name used in Judaism for the canon of the Hebrew Bible .


Question: what is the jewish bible called

The Tanakh is also known as the Masoretic Text or the Miqra.


Question: what is the jewish bible called

The name is an acronym formed from the initial Hebrew letters of the Masoretic Text's three traditional subdivisions: The Torah ("Teaching", also known as the Five Books of Moses), Nevi'im ("Prophets") and Ketuvim ("Writings")—hence TaNaKh.


Question: what is the jewish bible called

The name "Miqra" (מקרא), meaning "that which is read", is an alternative Hebrew term for the Tanakh.


Question: what is the jewish bible called

The books of the Tanakh were relayed with an accompanying oral tradition passed on by each generation, called the Oral Torah .


Question: how much hp does 2005 kawasaki 636 have

The Kawasaki Ninja ZX-6R is a Kawasaki 600 cc class sport motorcycle .


Question: how much hp does 2005 kawasaki 636 have

It was introduced in 1995, and has been constantly updated throughout the years in response to new products from Honda , Suzuki , and Yamaha .


Question: how much hp does 2005 kawasaki 636 have

The ZX series is what was known as the Ninja line of Kawasaki motorcycles in the 1980s and still carries the name today.


Question: how many presidents have been assassinated

Assassination attempts and plots on Presidents of the United States have been numerous: more than 20 attempts to kill sitting and former presidents, as well as the Presidents-elect , are known.


Question: how many presidents have been assassinated

Four sitting presidents have been killed: Abraham Lincoln (the 16th President), James A. Garfield (the 20th President), William McKinley (the 25th President) and John F. Kennedy (the 35th President).


Question: how many presidents have been assassinated

Two presidents were injured in attempted assassinations: former President Theodore Roosevelt (the 26th President), and President Ronald Reagan (the 40th President).


Question: how many presidents have been assassinated

Although the historian J.W. Clarke has suggested that most American assassinations were politically motivated actions, carried out by rational men, not all such attacks have been undertaken for political reasons.


Question: how many presidents have been assassinated

Some attackers had questionable mental stability, and a few were judged legally insane.


Question: how many presidents have been assassinated

Since the Vice President of the United States has for more than a century been elected from the same political party as the President, the assassination of the President is unlikely to result in major policy changes.


Question: how many presidents have been assassinated

This may explain why political groups typically do not make such attacks.


Question: what genre is where the red fern grows

Where the Red Fern Grows is a novel written by Wilson Rawls in 1961 about a boy who buys and trains two Redbone Coonhound hunting dogs.


Question: what does oklahoma produce

Oklahoma () ( Pawnee : Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga : Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in West South Central United States .


Question: what does oklahoma produce

Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States .


Question: what does oklahoma produce

The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people", and it is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State.


Question: what does oklahoma produce

Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union.


Question: what does oklahoma produce

Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City .


Question: what does oklahoma produce

A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology .


Question: what does oklahoma produce

It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth.


Question: what does oklahoma produce

Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas .


Question: what does oklahoma produce

With small mountain ranges, prairie , mesas , and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains and the U.S. Interior Highlands —a region especially prone to severe weather .


Question: what does oklahoma produce

In addition to having a prevalence of English , German , Scottish , Irish and Native American ancestry, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California.


Question: what does oklahoma produce

Oklahoma is located on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans.


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

A fern is any one or more of a group of about 12,000 species of plants belonging to the botanical group known as Pteridophyta.


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

Unlike mosses , they have xylem and phloem (making them vascular plants ).


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

They have stems , leaves , and roots like other vascular plants.


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

Ferns reproduce via spores and have neither seeds nor flowers .


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

By far the largest group of ferns is the leptosporangiate ferns , but ferns as defined here (also called monilophytes) include horsetails , whisk ferns , marattioid ferns , and ophioglossoid ferns .


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

The term pteridophyte also refers to ferns and a few other seedless vascular plants (see classification section below).


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

Ferns first appear in the fossil record 360 million years ago in the Carboniferous but many of the current families and species did not appear until roughly 145 million years ago in the early Cretaceous (after flowering plants came to dominate many environments).


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

Ferns are not of major economic importance, but some are grown or gathered for food, as ornamental plants , for remediating contaminated soils, and have been the subject of research for their ability to remove some chemical pollutants from the air.


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar


Question: how are the archegonia of the fern and pine cone similar

They also play a role in mythology, medicine, and art.


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

Oklahoma () ( Pawnee : Uukuhuúwa, Cayuga : Gahnawiyoˀgeh) is a state located in West South Central United States .


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

Oklahoma is the 20th most extensive and the 28th most populous of the 50 United States .


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

The state's name is derived from the Choctaw words okla and humma, meaning "red people", and it is known informally by its nickname, The Sooner State.


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

Formed by the combination of Oklahoma Territory and Indian Territory on November 16, 1907, Oklahoma was the 46th state to enter the union.


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

Its residents are known as Oklahomans or, informally "Okies", and its capital and largest city is Oklahoma City .


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

A major producer of natural gas , oil , and agriculture, Oklahoma relies on an economic base of aviation, energy, telecommunications, and biotechnology .


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

It has one of the fastest growing economies in the nation, ranking among the top states in per capita income growth and gross domestic product growth.


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

Oklahoma City and Tulsa serve as Oklahoma's primary economic anchors, with nearly two thirds of Oklahomans living within their metropolitan statistical areas .


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

With small mountain ranges, prairie , mesas , and eastern forests, most of Oklahoma lies in the Great Plains and the U.S. Interior Highlands —a region especially prone to severe weather .


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

In addition to having a prevalence of English , German , Scottish , Irish and Native American ancestry, more than 25 Native American languages are spoken in Oklahoma, second only to California.


Question: what species does johnson grass in oklahoma belong to?

Oklahoma is located on a confluence of three major American cultural regions and historically served as a route for cattle drives , a destination for southern settlers, and a government-sanctioned territory for Native Americans.


Question: how many redwall books are there

Redwall, by Brian Jacques , is a series of children's fantasy novels.


Question: how many redwall books are there

It is the title of the first book of the series, published in 1986, as well as the name of the Abbey featured in the book and the name of an animated TV series based on three of the novels ( Redwall , Mattimeo , and Martin the Warrior ), which first aired in 1999.


Question: how many redwall books are there

The books are primarily aimed at older children, but have fans of all ages.


Question: how many redwall books are there

There have been twenty-two novels and two picture books published.


Question: how many redwall books are there

The twenty-second, and final, novel, The Rogue Crew , was posthumously released on May 3, 2011.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

Natural Gas is usually measured by volume in the United States and is stated in cubic feet.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

A cubic foot of gas is the amount of gas needed to fill a volume of one cubic foot under set conditions of pressure and temperature.To measure larger amounts of natural gas, a "therm" is used to denote 100 cubic feet, and "mcf" is used to denote 1,000 cubic feet.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

To provide greater accuracy in comparing fuels, energy content is measured in terms of "British Thermal Units (BTU's)."


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

A BTU is the amount of heat required to raise one pound of water (approximately a pint), one degree Fahrenheit at or close to its point of maximum density.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

One British therm (symbol thm) is a non- SI unit of heat energy equal to 100,000 British thermal units (BTU).


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

It is approximately the energy equivalent of burning 100 cubic feet (often referred to as 1 CCF) of natural gas .


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

Since (Natural Gas) meters measure volume and not energy content, a therm factor is used by (Natural) gas companies to convert the volume of gas used to its heat equivalent, and thus calculate the actual energy use.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

The therm factor is usually in the units therms/CCF.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

It will vary with the mix of hydrocarbons in the natural gas.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

Natural gas with a higher than average concentration of ethane , propane or butane will have a higher therm factor.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

Impurities, such as carbon dioxide or nitrogen , lower the therm factor.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

The volume of the gas is calculated as if measured at standard temperature and pressure (STP).


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

The heat content of natural gas is solely dependent on the composition of the gas, and is independent of temperature and pressure.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

One therm is equal to about 105.5 megajoules , 25,200 kilocalories or 29.3 kilowatt-hours .


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

One therm can also be provided by about of natural gas.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

The therm sometimes has been confused with the thermie (see below).


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

The names of both units come from the Greek word for heat.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

A thermie (th) is a metric unit of heat energy, part of the meter-tonne-second system sometimes used by European engineers.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

The thermie is equal to the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 tonne of water by 1 °C.


Question: how many decatherms in a therm

The thermie is equivalent to 1,000 kilocalories, 4.1868 megajoules or 3968.3 BTU.


Question: what does bruce jenner do

William Bruce Jenner (born October 28, 1949) is a former U.S. track and field athlete , motivational speaker , socialite , television personality and businessman .


Question: what does bruce jenner do

He won the gold medal for decathlon in the Montreal 1976 Summer Olympics .


Question: what does bruce jenner do

Following his Olympic win and the related recognition, he married Kris Kardashian, and his professional career evolved into being a television celebrity.


Question: what does bruce jenner do

By 1981, he had starred in several made-for-TV movies and was Erik Estrada 's replacement on the top rated TV series CHiPs .


Question: what does bruce jenner do

He has six children: Burt, Casey, Brandon, Brody , Kendall and Kylie .


Question: what does bruce jenner do

Since his 1991 marriage to Kris Jenner , he is the stepfather to Kourtney , Kim , Khloe and Rob Kardashian .


Question: what does bruce jenner do

Since 2007, he has appeared with his blended family on Keeping Up with the Kardashians .


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

Escherichia coli (; commonly abbreviated E. coli) is a Gram-negative , rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms (endotherms).


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans , and are occasionally responsible for product recalls due to food contamination .


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

The harmless strains are part of the normal flora of the gut , and can benefit their hosts by producing vitamin K2 , and by preventing the establishment of pathogenic bacteria within the intestine.


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

E. coli and related bacteria constitute about 0.1% of gut flora , and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease.


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

Cells are able to survive outside the body for a limited amount of time, which makes them ideal indicator organisms to test environmental samples for fecal contamination .


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

There is, however, a growing body of research that has examined environmentally persistent E. coli which can survive for extended periods outside of the host.


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

The bacterium can also be grown easily and inexpensively in a laboratory setting, and has been intensively investigated for over 60 years.


Question: how does the e coli bacteria cause death

E. coli is the most widely studied prokaryotic model organism , and an important species in the fields of biotechnology and microbiology , where it has served as the host organism for the majority of work with recombinant DNA .


Question: what area code is 217

Area code 217 is the North American telephone area code for much of western and central Illinois .


Question: what area code is 217

The 217 area includes Illinois' capital , Springfield , plus Champaign , Urbana , Decatur , Danville , Quincy , and Rantoul .


Question: what area code is 217

217 was one of the original area codes , which were created in 1947.


Question: what area code is 217

The only significant change in 217's boundaries was in 1957, when its northern portion was combined with part of area code 815 to form area code 309 .


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

Image of the largest Antarctic ozone hole ever recorded (September 2006), over the Southern pole


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

Ozone depletion describes two distinct but related phenomena observed since the late 1970s: a steady decline of about 4% per decade in the total volume of ozone in Earth 's stratosphere (the ozone layer ), and a much larger springtime decrease in stratospheric ozone over Earth's polar regions.


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

The latter phenomenon is referred to as the ozone hole.


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

In addition to these well-known stratospheric phenomena, there are also springtime polar tropospheric ozone depletion events .


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

The details of polar ozone hole formation differ from that of mid-latitude thinning, but the most important process in both is catalytic destruction of ozone by atomic halogens .


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

The main source of these halogen atoms in the stratosphere is photodissociation of man-made halocarbon refrigerants ( CFCs , freons , halons ).


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

These compounds are transported into the stratosphere after being emitted at the surface.


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

Both types of ozone depletion were observed to increase as emissions of halo-carbons increased.


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

CFCs and other contributory substances are referred to as ozone-depleting substances (ODS).


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

Since the ozone layer prevents most harmful UVB wavelengths (280–315 nm) of ultraviolet light (UV light) from passing through the Earth's atmosphere , observed and projected decreases in ozone have generated worldwide concern leading to adoption of the Montreal Protocol that bans the production of CFCs, halons, and other ozone-depleting chemicals such as carbon tetrachloride and trichloroethane .


Question: what causes destruction of the ozone layer

It is suspected that a variety of biological consequences such as increases in skin cancer , cataracts , damage to plants, and reduction of plankton populations in the ocean's photic zone may result from the increased UV exposure due to ozone depletion.


Question: what does it mean to form a more perfect union

The Preamble to the United States Constitution is a brief introductory statement of the Constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles.


Question: what does it mean to form a more perfect union

It states in general terms, and courts have referred to it as reliable evidence of, the Founding Fathers' intentions regarding the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped the Constitution would achieve as it pertains to all of the people of the United States.


Question: what does it mean to form a more perfect union

As the phrase, "we the people" suggests that the new government originates from the people of the United States and it sets into motion a question as it pertains to that vast population concerning the individual rights and equality among all people; this can be seen most broadly in the divide between republicanism and social democracy .


Question: what is in the preamble of the constitution

The Preamble to the United States Constitution is a brief introductory statement of the Constitution's fundamental purposes and guiding principles.


Question: what is in the preamble of the constitution

It states in general terms, and courts have referred to it as reliable evidence of, the Founding Fathers' intentions regarding the Constitution's meaning and what they hoped the Constitution would achieve as it pertains to all of the people of the United States.


Question: what is in the preamble of the constitution

As the phrase, "we the people" suggests that the new government originates from the people of the United States and it sets into motion a question as it pertains to that vast population concerning the individual rights and equality among all people; this can be seen most broadly in the divide between republicanism and social democracy .


Question: how do i measure the shot put throw

Czechoslovakian shot putter Plihan at the 1957 East German Indoor Athletics Championships


Question: how do i measure the shot put throw

The shot put (pronounced ) is a track and field event involving "throwing"/"putting" (throwing in a pushing motion) a heavy spherical object —the shot—as far as possible.


Question: how do i measure the shot put throw

The shot put competition for men has been a part of the modern Olympics since their revival in 1896, women's competition began in 1948.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

A flat roof is a type of covering for a building .


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

In contrast to the more sloped form of roof , a flat roof is horizontal or nearly horizontal.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

The slope of a roof is properly known as its pitch: Roofs which are nearly flat are known as low-pitch roofs (as the angle of slope increases, so the pitch is said to increase).


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Any sheet of material used to cover a flat or low-pitched roof is usually known as a membrane and the primary purpose of these membranes is to waterproof the roof area.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Materials that cover flat roofs typically allow the water to run off from a slight inclination or camber into a gutter system.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Water from some flat roofs such as on garden sheds sometimes flows freely off the edge of a roof, though gutter systems are of advantage in keeping both walls and foundations dry.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Gutters on smaller roofs often lead water directly onto the ground, or better, into a specially made soakaway.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Gutters on larger roofs usually lead water into the rainwater drainage system of any built up area.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Occasionally flat roofs though are designed to collect water in a pool, usually for aesthetic purposes, or for rainwater buffering.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Flat roofs exist all over the world and each area has its own tradition or preference for materials used.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

In warmer climes where rainfall is less and freezing is unlikely to occur, many flat roofs are simply built of masonry or concrete and this is good at keeping out the heat of the sun and cheap and easy to build where timber is not readily available.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

In areas where the roof could become saturated by rain and leak, or where water soaked into the brickwork could freeze to ice and thus lead to 'blowing' (breaking up of the mortar/brickwork/concrete by the expansion of ice as it forms) these roofs are not suitable.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Traditionally most flat roofs in the western world make use of tar or more usually tar paper applied over roof decking to keep a building watertight.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

The tar or tarpaper is in turn covered in gravel to keep the sun's heat, UV rays and weather off it and helps protect it from cracking or blistering and degradation.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Roof decking is usually of plywood, chipboard or OSB boards (OSB = Oriented Strand Board , also known as Sterling board ) of around 18mm thickness.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

The tar coating is applied in one or more coats as a hot liquid, heated in a tar kettle , or as sheets of tar impregnated 'paper' glued down and sealed together at joints by hot tar - once it has cooled, the gravel is spread evenly over it.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

A main reason for failure of these traditional roofs is ignorance or lack of maintenance where people or events cause the gravel to be moved or removed from the tar or tarpaper waterproofing, thus exposing it to weather and sun whereupon cracking and blistering occurs over time and eventually water gets in.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Tarpaper is usually a 'paper' or fibre material soaked or impregnated in tar.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

As gravel cannot protect tarpaper surfaces where they rise vertically from the roof such as on parapet walls or upstands, tarpaper variants are produced with fine gravel applied to the hot tar during the process of manufacture such that a permanent layer of gravel is stuck to it in order to give it ongoing protection.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Tarpapers vary in quality as does the workmanship and training of those applying it to produce more or less successful results.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

In some micro climates or shaded areas these rather 'basic' tarpaper roofs can last well in relation to the cost of materials purchase and cost of laying them, however the cost of modern membranes such as EPDM has come down over recent years to make them more and more affordable.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

There are now more firms supplying modern alternatives and there is generally a growing awareness of their performance and availability.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

If a leak does occur on a flat roof then damage often goes unnoticed for long periods of time during which water penetrates and soaks the decking and any insulation and/or structure beneath it.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

This can lead to expensive damage from the rot which often develops and if left can weaken the roof structure.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

There are also various health risks to people and animals breathing the mould spores: the severity of this health risk remains a debated point.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

One problem with maintaining flat roofs is that if water does penetrate the barrier covering (be it traditional or a modern membrane) it can travel a long way before causing visible damage or leaking into a building where it can be seen.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Thus it is not easy to see where it is leaking in order to repair it.


Question: how long is a flat membrane roof good for?

Once underlying roof decking is soaked it often sags causing a further collection or puddling of water in that area and the problem worsens.


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

Map of the United Nations (UN) member states, with their territories (including dependent territories ) recognized by the UN in blue


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

There are United Nations (UN) member states, and each of them is a member of the United Nations General Assembly .


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

The criteria for admission of new members are set out in the United Nations Charter , Chapter II , Article 4:


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

A recommendation for admission from the Security Council requires affirmative votes from at least nine of the council's fifteen members, with none of the five permanent members voting against .


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

The Security Council's recommendation must then be subsequently approved in the General Assembly by a two-thirds majority vote.


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

In principle, only sovereign states can become UN members, and currently all UN members are sovereign states (although a few members were not sovereign when they joined the UN).


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

Because a state can only be admitted to the UN by the approval of the Security Council and the General Assembly, a number of states that may be considered sovereign states according to the Montevideo Convention criteria are not members because the UN does not consider them to possess sovereignty , mainly due to the lack of international recognition or opposition from certain members.


Question: what countries belong with the united nations

In addition to the member states, the UN also invites non-member states (currently two: the Holy See and Palestine ), intergovernmental organizations , and other international organizations and entities whose statehood or sovereignty are not precisely defined, to become observers at the General Assembly , allowing them to participate and speak, but not vote, in General Assembly meetings.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The Eiffel Tower (, ) is an iron lattice tower located on the Champ de Mars in Paris , named after the engineer Gustave Eiffel , whose company designed and built the tower.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

Erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair , it has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; 7.1 million people ascended it in 2011.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The third level observatory's upper platform is at the highest accessible to public in the European Union and the highest in Europe as long as the platform of the Ostankino Tower , at , remains closed as a result of the fire of August 2000.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The tower stands tall, about the same height as an 81-storey building.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

During its construction, the Eiffel Tower surpassed the Washington Monument to assume the title of the tallest man-made structure in the world, a title it held for 41 years, until the Chrysler Building in New York City was built in 1930.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

Because of the addition, in 1957, of the antenna atop the Eiffel Tower, it is now taller than the Chrysler Building.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

Not including broadcast antennas , it is the second-tallest structure in France , after the Millau Viaduct .


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The tower has three levels for visitors.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

Tickets can be purchased to ascend, by stairs or lift (elevator), to the first and second levels.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The walk from ground level to the first level is over 300 steps, as is the walk from the first to the second level.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The third and highest level is accessible only by lift—stairs do exist but are usually closed to the public.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The first and second levels have restaurants.


Question: what color is the eiffel tower

The tower has become the most prominent symbol of both Paris and France, often in the establishing shot of films set in the city.


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

Kenneth Wayne "Ken" Jennings III (born May 23, 1974) is an American game show contestant and author.


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

Jennings is noted for holding the record for the longest winning streak on the U.S. syndicated game show Jeopardy!


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

and as being the all-time leading money winner on American game shows .


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

games before he was defeated by challenger Nancy Zerg on his 75th appearance.


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

are $3,172,700, consisting of $2,520,700 over his 74 wins, a $2,000 second-place prize in his 75th appearance, a $500,000 second-place prize in the Jeopardy!


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

Ultimate Tournament of Champions, as well as half of a $300,000 prize in the IBM Challenge.


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

appearances, Jennings earned the record for the highest American game show winnings.


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

His total was surpassed by Brad Rutter , who defeated Jennings in the finals of the Jeopardy!


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

Ultimate Tournament of Champions (first aired on May 25, 2005), adding $2,000,000 to Rutter's existing Jeopardy!


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

Jennings regained the record after appearing on several other game shows, culminating in an appearance on Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader?


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

(first aired on October 10, 2008), though Rutter retains the Jeopardy!


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?


Question: How many consecutive games did Ken Jennings win?

After his success on Jeopardy!, Jennings wrote about his experience and explored American trivia history and culture in his book Brainiac: Adventures in the Curious, Competitive, Compulsive World of Trivia Buffs, published in 2006.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The Canadian Football League or CFL (' [LCF] in French) is a professional sports league located in Canada.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The CFL is the highest level of competition in Canadian football , a form of gridiron football closely related to American football .


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

Its eight current teams, which are located in eight separate cities, are divided into two divisions of four teams each — the East Division and the West Division .


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The league's 19-week regular season runs from late June to early November; each team plays 18 games with one bye week .


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

Following the regular season, the three teams with the best records in their division (except if the fourth place team in one division has a better record than the third place team in the other division, when the team with the better record makes the playoffs and "crosses over" to the other division's playoff) compete in the league's three-week divisional playoffs , which culminate in the late-November Grey Cup championship, the country's largest annual sports and television event.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The CFL was officially founded on January 19, 1958, making it the second oldest gridiron football league in North America still in operation, although all its teams long predate the modern formation of the league.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

It is the highest level of play in Canadian football, the most popular football league in Canada, and the second-most popular major sports league in Canada, after the National Hockey League .


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

Although ice hockey is Canada's most popular sport, the CFL has increased the popularity of Canadian football in Quebec and Western Canada.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

Canadian football is also played at amateur levels (i.e. youth, high school, CJFL , QJFL , CIS and senior leagues such as the Alberta Football League ).


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The 2010s will be a significant decade for the CFL in terms of growth, as teams have renovated, expanded stadiums, or plan to build entirely new stadiums.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The Montreal Alouettes accomplished this first, adding 5,000 seats to Percival Molson Memorial Stadium in time for the 2010 CFL season .


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The Edmonton Eskimos and Calgary Stampeders also renovated their respective stadiums and facilities for the 2010 season.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

In 2011 , the BC Lions played under a new, retractable roof in BC Place after spending one and a half seasons at Empire Field .


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

Then the Winnipeg Blue Bombers will play in an entirely new stadium at the University of Manitoba , scheduled to open in time for the 2013 season.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

The Hamilton Tiger-Cats , Saskatchewan Roughriders and the new Ottawa franchise are also looking at new or extensively-renovated stadiums in the following years.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

There are also hopes of expanding the league to Atlantic Canada (ideally basing a team in either the more populated Halifax , or the more centralized Moncton ), as 2010 and 2011 had regular season games hosted in Moncton.


Question: how old do you need to be to play professional football in the canadian league

According to sports historian Douglas Brei , the Canadian Football League holds the distinction of being the only professional sports league in North America, major or minor league, in which each existing franchise has won at least one league title while in their current location.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Each antibody binds to a specific antigen ; an interaction similar to a lock and key.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by B-cells that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses .


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, called an antigen .


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Each tip of the "Y" of an antibody contains a paratope (a structure analogous to a lock) that is specific for one particular epitope (similarly analogous to a key) on an antigen, allowing these two structures to bind together with precision.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Using this binding mechanism, an antibody can tag a microbe or an infected cell for attack by other parts of the immune system, or can neutralize its target directly (for example, by blocking a part of a microbe that is essential for its invasion and survival).


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

The production of antibodies is the main function of the humoral immune system .


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Antibodies are secreted by a type of white blood cell called a plasma cell .


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell, and a membrane -bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B cell receptor (BCR).


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

The BCR is only found on the surface of B cells and facilitates the activation of these cells and their subsequent differentiation into either antibody factories called plasma cells , or memory B cells that will survive in the body and remember that same antigen so the B cells can respond faster upon future exposure.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

In most cases, interaction of the B cell with a T helper cell is necessary to produce full activation of the B cell and, therefore, antibody generation following antigen binding.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Soluble antibodies are released into the blood and tissue fluids, as well as many secretions to continue to survey for invading microorganisms.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Antibodies are glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily ; the terms antibody and immunoglobulin are often used interchangeably.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Antibodies are typically made of basic structural units—each with two large heavy chains and two small light chains .


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

There are several different types of antibody heavy chains, and several different kinds of antibodies, which are grouped into different isotypes based on which heavy chain they possess.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Five different antibody isotypes are known in mammals, which perform different roles, and help direct the appropriate immune response for each different type of foreign object they encounter.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Though the general structure of all antibodies is very similar, a small region at the tip of the protein is extremely variable, allowing millions of antibodies with slightly different tip structures, or antigen binding sites, to exist.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

This region is known as the hypervariable region.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Each of these variants can bind to a different antigen.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

This enormous diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to recognize an equally wide variety of antigens.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

The large and diverse population of antibodies is generated by random combinations of a set of gene segments that encode different antigen binding sites (or paratopes), followed by random mutations in this area of the antibody gene, which create further diversity.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

Antibody genes also re-organize in a process called class switching that changes the base of the heavy chain to another, creating a different isotype of the antibody that retains the antigen specific variable region.


Question: what antibodies are produced in large quantities

This allows a single antibody to be used by several different parts of the immune system.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

The symbol used by the Zodiac Killer to sign his correspondence


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

The Zodiac Killer was a serial killer who operated in Northern California in the late 1960s and early 1970s.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

The Zodiac murdered victims in Benicia , Vallejo , Lake Berryessa , and San Francisco between December 1968 and October 1969.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

Four men and three women between the ages of 16 and 29 were targeted.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

The killer originated the name "Zodiac" in a series of taunting letters sent to the local Bay Area press.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

These letters included four cryptograms (or ciphers ).


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

Of the four cryptograms sent, only one has been definitively solved.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

Suspects have been named by law enforcement and amateur investigators, but no conclusive evidence has surfaced.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

In April 2004, the San Francisco Police Department marked the case "inactive", yet re-opened the case at some point prior to March 2007.


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

The case also remains open in the city of Vallejo, as well as in Napa County and Solano County .


Question: what happened to the zodiac killer

The California Department of Justice has maintained an open case file on the Zodiac murders since 1969.


Question: what county is jennings, la

Jennings is a small city in and the parish seat of Jefferson Davis Parish , Louisiana , United States , near Lake Charles .