Options: Composition | Vue.js

Options: Composition
​
provide
​

Provide values that can be injected by descendant components.

Type

ts
interface ComponentOptions {
  provide?: object | ((this: ComponentPublicInstance) => object)
}

Details

provide and inject are used together to allow an ancestor component to serve as a dependency injector for all its descendants, regardless of how deep the component hierarchy is, as long as they are in the same parent chain.

The provide option should be either an object or a function that returns an object. This object contains the properties that are available for injection into its descendants. You can use Symbols as keys in this object.

Example

Basic usage:

js
const s = Symbol()

export default {
  provide: {
    foo: 'foo',
    [s]: 'bar'
  }
}

Using a function to provide per-component state:

js
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      msg: 'foo'
    }
  }
  provide() {
    return {
      msg: this.msg
    }
  }
}

Note in the above example, the provided msg will NOT be reactive. See Working with Reactivity for more details.

See also Provide / Inject

inject
​

Declare properties to inject into the current component by locating them from ancestor providers.

Type

ts
interface ComponentOptions {
  inject?: ArrayInjectOptions | ObjectInjectOptions
}

type ArrayInjectOptions = string[]

type ObjectInjectOptions = {
  [key: string | symbol]:
    | string
    | symbol
    | { from?: string | symbol; default?: any }
}

Details

The inject option should be either:

An array of strings, or
An object where the keys are the local binding name and the value is either:
The key (string or Symbol) to search for in available injections, or
An object where:
The from property is the key (string or Symbol) to search for in available injections, and
The default property is used as fallback value. Similar to props default values, a factory function is needed for object types to avoid value sharing between multiple component instances.

An injected property will be undefined if neither a matching property nor a default value was provided.

Note that injected bindings are NOT reactive. This is intentional. However, if the injected value is a reactive object, properties on that object do remain reactive. See Working with Reactivity for more details.

Example

Basic usage:

js
export default {
  inject: ['foo'],
  created() {
    console.log(this.foo)
  }
}

Using an injected value as the default for a prop:

js
const Child = {
  inject: ['foo'],
  props: {
    bar: {
      default() {
        return this.foo
      }
    }
  }
}

Using an injected value as data entry:

js
const Child = {
  inject: ['foo'],
  data() {
    return {
      bar: this.foo
    }
  }
}

Injections can be optional with default value:

js
const Child = {
  inject: {
    foo: { default: 'foo' }
  }
}

If it needs to be injected from a property with a different name, use from to denote the source property:

js
const Child = {
  inject: {
    foo: {
      from: 'bar',
      default: 'foo'
    }
  }
}

Similar to prop defaults, you need to use a factory function for non-primitive values:

js
const Child = {
  inject: {
    foo: {
      from: 'bar',
      default: () => [1, 2, 3]
    }
  }
}

See also Provide / Inject

mixins
​

An array of option objects to be mixed into the current component.

Type

ts
interface ComponentOptions {
  mixins?: ComponentOptions[]
}

Details

The mixins option accepts an array of mixin objects. These mixin objects can contain instance options like normal instance objects, and they will be merged against the eventual options using the certain option merging logic. For example, if your mixin contains a created hook and the component itself also has one, both functions will be called.

Mixin hooks are called in the order they are provided, and called before the component's own hooks.

No Longer Recommended

In Vue 2, mixins were the primary mechanism for creating reusable chunks of component logic. While mixins continue to be supported in Vue 3, Composable functions using Composition API is now the preferred approach for code reuse between components.

Example

js
const mixin = {
  created() {
    console.log(1)
  }
}

createApp({
  created() {
    console.log(2)
  },
  mixins: [mixin]
})

// => 1
// => 2
extends
​

A "base class" component to extend from.

Type

ts
interface ComponentOptions {
  extends?: ComponentOptions
}

Details

Allows one component to extend another, inheriting its component options.

From an implementation perspective, extends is almost identical to mixins. The component specified by extends will be treated as though it were the first mixin.

However, extends and mixins express different intents. The mixins option is primarily used to compose chunks of functionality, whereas extends is primarily concerned with inheritance.

As with mixins, any options (except for setup()) will be merged using the relevant merge strategy.

Example

js
const CompA = { ... }

const CompB = {
  extends: CompA,
  ...
}

Not Recommended for Composition API

extends is designed for Options API and does not handle the merging of the setup() hook.

In Composition API, the preferred mental model for logic reuse is "compose" over "inheritance". If you have logic from a component that needs to be reused in another one, consider extracting the relevant logic into a Composable.

If you still intend to "extend" a component using Composition API, you can call the base component's setup() in the extending component's setup():

js
import Base from './Base.js'
export default {
  extends: Base,
  setup(props, ctx) {
    return {
      ...Base.setup(props, ctx),
      // local bindings
    }
  }
}