Module: Mathlib.AlgebraicGeometry.Normalization

Goal state before:
pp: X✝ Y✝ : Scheme
f✝ : X✝ ⟶ Y✝
inst✝⁴ : QuasiCompact f✝
inst✝³ : QuasiSeparated f✝
X S Y : Scheme
f : X ⟶ S
g : Y ⟶ S
inst✝² : QuasiCompact f
inst✝¹ : QuasiSeparated f
inst✝ : Smooth g
x : ↥(pullback (fromNormalization f) g)
U : TopologicalSpace.Opens ↥S
hU : U ∈ S.affineOpens
hxU : (pullback.snd (fromNormalization f) g ≫ g) x ∈ ↑U
V : TopologicalSpace.Opens ↥Y
hV : V ∈ Y.affineOpens
hxV : (pullback.snd (fromNormalization f) g) x ∈ ↑V
hVU : V ≤ g ⁻¹ᵁ U
W : (pullback (fromNormalization f) g).Opens := pullback.snd (fromNormalization f) g ⁻¹ᵁ V
this✝² : IsIso (pushoutSection ⋯ hVU ⋯ ⋯)
this✝¹ : (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (appLE g U V hVU)).Smooth
algInst✝² : Algebra ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U) := (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (app f U)).toAlgebra
algInst✝¹ : Algebra ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(Y, V) := (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (appLE g U V hVU)).toAlgebra
algInst✝ : Algebra ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V) :=
  (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (app (pullback.snd f g) V)).toAlgebra
algebraizeInst✝ : Algebra.Smooth ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(Y, V)
this✝ : IsIso (pushoutSection ⋯ hVU ⋯ ⋯)
e₀ : CommRingCat.of
    (↑(Y.presheaf.1 (Opposite.op V)) ⊗[↑(S.presheaf.1 (Opposite.op U))] ↑(X.presheaf.1 (Opposite.op (f ⁻¹ᵁ U)))) ≅
  Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V) :=
  ⋯.isoPushout ≪≫ pushout.congrHom ⋯ ⋯ ≪≫ asIso (pushoutSection ⋯ hVU ⋯ ⋯)
e : ↑Γ(Y, V) ⊗[↑Γ(S, U)] ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U) ≃ₐ[↑Γ(Y, V)] ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V) :=
  let __RingEquiv := e₀.commRingCatIsoToRingEquiv;
  { toEquiv := __RingEquiv.toEquiv, map_mul' := ⋯, map_add' := ⋯, commutes' := ⋯ }
ψ : ↑Γ(Y, V) ⊗[↑Γ(S, U)] ↥(integralClosure ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U)) →ₐ[↑Γ(Y, V)]
  ↥(integralClosure ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V)) :=
  (↑e.mapIntegralClosure).comp (toIntegralClosure ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U))
hψ : Function.Bijective ⇑ψ
φ : pushout (app (fromNormalization f) U) (appLE g U V hVU) ⟶
  Γ(normalization (pullback.snd f g), normalizationPullback f g ⁻¹ᵁ W) :=
  pushout.map (app (fromNormalization f) U) (appLE g U V hVU)
      (CommRingCat.ofHom (algebraMap ↑Γ(S, U) ↥(integralClosure ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U)))) (appLE g U V hVU)
      (normalizationObjIso f hU).hom (𝟙 Γ(Y, V)) (𝟙 Γ(S, U)) ⋯ ⋯ ≫
    ⋯.isoPushout.inv ≫
      (RingEquiv.ofBijective ψ.toRingHom hψ).toCommRingCatIso.hom ≫
        (normalizationObjIso (pullback.snd f g) hV).inv ≫ (normalization (pullback.snd f g)).presheaf.map (eqToHom ⋯).op
this : Mono (CommRingCat.ofHom (integralClosure ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V)).val.toRingHom)
⊢ pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V ≤ pullback.fst f g ⁻¹ᵁ f ⁻¹ᵁ U

Tactic:
← Scheme.Hom.comp_preimage,

Goal state after:
X✝ Y✝ : Scheme
f✝ : X✝ ⟶ Y✝
inst✝⁴ : QuasiCompact f✝
inst✝³ : QuasiSeparated f✝
X S Y : Scheme
f : X ⟶ S
g : Y ⟶ S
inst✝² : QuasiCompact f
inst✝¹ : QuasiSeparated f
inst✝ : Smooth g
x : ↥(pullback (fromNormalization f) g)
U : TopologicalSpace.Opens ↥S
hU : U ∈ S.affineOpens
hxU : (pullback.snd (fromNormalization f) g ≫ g) x ∈ ↑U
V : TopologicalSpace.Opens ↥Y
hV : V ∈ Y.affineOpens
hxV : (pullback.snd (fromNormalization f) g) x ∈ ↑V
hVU : V ≤ g ⁻¹ᵁ U
W : (pullback (fromNormalization f) g).Opens := pullback.snd (fromNormalization f) g ⁻¹ᵁ V
this✝² : IsIso (pushoutSection ⋯ hVU ⋯ ⋯)
this✝¹ : (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (appLE g U V hVU)).Smooth
algInst✝² : Algebra ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U) := (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (app f U)).toAlgebra
algInst✝¹ : Algebra ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(Y, V) := (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (appLE g U V hVU)).toAlgebra
algInst✝ : Algebra ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V) :=
  (CommRingCat.Hom.hom (app (pullback.snd f g) V)).toAlgebra
algebraizeInst✝ : Algebra.Smooth ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(Y, V)
this✝ : IsIso (pushoutSection ⋯ hVU ⋯ ⋯)
e₀ : CommRingCat.of
    (↑(Y.presheaf.1 (Opposite.op V)) ⊗[↑(S.presheaf.1 (Opposite.op U))] ↑(X.presheaf.1 (Opposite.op (f ⁻¹ᵁ U)))) ≅
  Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V) :=
  ⋯.isoPushout ≪≫ pushout.congrHom ⋯ ⋯ ≪≫ asIso (pushoutSection ⋯ hVU ⋯ ⋯)
e : ↑Γ(Y, V) ⊗[↑Γ(S, U)] ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U) ≃ₐ[↑Γ(Y, V)] ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V) :=
  let __RingEquiv := e₀.commRingCatIsoToRingEquiv;
  { toEquiv := __RingEquiv.toEquiv, map_mul' := ⋯, map_add' := ⋯, commutes' := ⋯ }
ψ : ↑Γ(Y, V) ⊗[↑Γ(S, U)] ↥(integralClosure ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U)) →ₐ[↑Γ(Y, V)]
  ↥(integralClosure ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V)) :=
  (↑e.mapIntegralClosure).comp (toIntegralClosure ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U))
hψ : Function.Bijective ⇑ψ
φ : pushout (app (fromNormalization f) U) (appLE g U V hVU) ⟶
  Γ(normalization (pullback.snd f g), normalizationPullback f g ⁻¹ᵁ W) :=
  pushout.map (app (fromNormalization f) U) (appLE g U V hVU)
      (CommRingCat.ofHom (algebraMap ↑Γ(S, U) ↥(integralClosure ↑Γ(S, U) ↑Γ(X, f ⁻¹ᵁ U)))) (appLE g U V hVU)
      (normalizationObjIso f hU).hom (𝟙 Γ(Y, V)) (𝟙 Γ(S, U)) ⋯ ⋯ ≫
    ⋯.isoPushout.inv ≫
      (RingEquiv.ofBijective ψ.toRingHom hψ).toCommRingCatIso.hom ≫
        (normalizationObjIso (pullback.snd f g) hV).inv ≫ (normalization (pullback.snd f g)).presheaf.map (eqToHom ⋯).op
this : Mono (CommRingCat.ofHom (integralClosure ↑Γ(Y, V) ↑Γ(pullback f g, pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V)).val.toRingHom)
⊢ pullback.snd f g ⁻¹ᵁ V ≤ (pullback.fst f g ≫ f) ⁻¹ᵁ U