maryzhang/image-dataset-guideline huggingface dataset:
Guideline: Maintain a minimum edge distance of 1.5 hole diameter to prevent breakout.
Topic: Fasteners
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: DFM Guideline
Guideline: Keep CAD models fully constrained to prevent parts from moving unpredictably in assemblies.
Topic: Parametric Modeling
Feature: Constraints
Manufacturing type: CAD/Assembly
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Interview
Guideline: Avoid unconstrained sketches, they make assemblies non-deterministic and difficult to modify.
Topic: Assembly Design
Feature: Constraints
Manufacturing type: CAD/Assembly
Good practice: No
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Interview
Guideline: Ensure holes designed for fasteners are slightly larger than the nominal fastener size to account for tolerance.
Topic: Tolerancing
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Interview
Guideline: Do not design overly deep holes or thin walls that are difficult or impossible to machine.
Topic: Machining
Feature: Hole/Wall
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: No
Source: Interview
Guideline: Aesthetic features like fillets or chamfers should not interfere with manufacturability or tool access.
Topic: Design for Manufacturability
Feature: Fillet/Chamfer
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: No
Source: Interview
Guideline: Use as few sketches as possible while maintaining full parametric relationships ‚ simpler sketches reduce model complexity.
Topic: CAD Best Practices
Feature: Model
Manufacturing type: CAD Modeling
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Interview
Guideline: Check model sanity before fabrication ‚ basic DFM rules can prevent avoidable errors.
Topic: Design Verification
Feature: Model
Manufacturing type: General DFM
Good practice: Yes
Source: Interview
Guideline:   tools should provide deterministic outputs ‚ engineers need repeatable, controllable results for trust.
Topic:   in Manufacturing
Feature:   System
Manufacturing type:  /Software
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Interview
Guideline:   chatbots may miss nuanced design reasoning ‚ physical intuition and edge cases matter.
Topic:   Limitations
Feature:   Assistant
Manufacturing type:  /Software
Good practice: No
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Interview
Guideline: An ideal   tool would combine a DFM checklist with explanations and external learning links.
Topic:   Design Opportunities
Feature:   System
Manufacturing type:  /Software
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Interview
Guideline: The maximum depth of holes we recommend is 4 x the nominal diameter.
Topic: Hole Depth
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Deep holes risk tool deflection and poor chip evacuation.
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC video
Guideline: 10 x the nominal diameter is typical and 40 x the nominal diameter is feasible.
Topic: Hole Depth
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC video
Guideline: Holes with standard diameter are preferred.
Topic: Hole Sizing
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC video
Guideline: Holes with non-standard diameter must be machined with an end mill tool.
Topic: Hole Sizing
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC video
Guideline: Blind holes machined with a drill have a conical floor (135o angle).
Topic: Drilled Holes
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC video
Guideline: Holes machined with an end mill tool will be flat.
Topic: Milled Holes
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC video
Guideline: Walls thinner than 0.020 in. (0.5mm) typically do not survive the machining process.
Topic: Wall Thickness
Feature: Wall
Manufacturing type: CNC Turning
Good practice: No
Explanation: Thin walls deform and cause chatter.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Turning guidelines
Guideline: Small features may be allowed, but the diameter in any region should not be less than 0.030 in. (0.76mm).
Topic: Feature Size
Feature: Small Feature
Manufacturing type: CNC Turning
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  Turning guidelines
Guideline: Sharp conical points are allowed; angles should be greater than 30 degrees.
Topic: Angles
Feature: Point/Chamfer
Manufacturing type: CNC Turning
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  Turning guidelines
Guideline: Typically, Protolabs can maintain a machining tolerance of +/- 0.005 in. (0.13mm).
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Turning
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Turning guidelines
Guideline: Because milling is done with round tools, sharp internal corners cannot be achieved.
Topic: Internal Corners
Feature: Corner
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: End mills are round; internal corners require a radius.
Source: Fictiv ‚  CNC design guide
Guideline: Radiused corners are required, and must be larger than the cutter to be used.
Topic: Internal Corners
Feature: Corner
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Fictiv ‚  CNC design guide
Guideline: The radius of the corner will be half the diameter of the cutting tool.
Topic: Internal Corners
Feature: Corner
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Fictiv ‚  CNC design guide
Guideline: The depth of the countersink should be no more than 60% of the material thickness.
Topic: Countersink
Feature: Countersink
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Non-standard angles may not match fasteners.
Source: SendCutSend ‚  Guidelines
Guideline: Using a countersink depth that's more than about 60% of the material thickness can start to weaken the material.
Topic: Countersink
Feature: Countersink
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: No
Explanation: Non-standard angles may not match fasteners.
Source: SendCutSend ‚  Blog
Guideline: Form tolerances apply to metal machined components.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Xometry ‚  Manufacturing Standards
Guideline: Plastic and composite materials are typically double the tolerance amount for metals.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Xometry ‚  Manufacturing Standards
Guideline: Sharp internal corners where vertical walls meet cannot be machined using any end mill due to the tool geometry.
Topic: Internal Corners
Feature: Corner
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: No
Explanation: End mills are round; internal corners require a radius.
Source: Fictiv ‚  Optimizing part design
Guideline: The most common tolerance standards ... are defined by ISO 2768 and ISO 286.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Xometry ‚  Whitepaper
Guideline: CNC Turning Diameter: 3.95 in. Length: 9 in.
Topic: Capabilities
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Turning
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Wall Thickness: 0.020 in. Angle: 30 +/- 0.005 in.
Topic: Capabilities
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Turning
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thin walls deform and cause chatter.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Flange length must be at least 4 times the material thickness.
Topic: Flange Length
Feature: Flange
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  Sheet Metal guidelines
Guideline: A +/- 1 degree tolerance on all bend angles is generally acceptable in the industry.
Topic: Bend Angles
Feature: Bend
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Geomiq ‚  Sheet metal guide
Guideline: Keep the inside bend radius at least equal to the material thickness.
Topic: Bend Radius
Feature: Bend
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Tight bend radius can crack material or spring back.
Source: Geomiq ‚  Sheet metal guide
Guideline: For air bending, leg/flange length should be ≥ 4  T.
Topic: Flange Length
Feature: Flange
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Xometry ‚  Sheet metal tips
Guideline: For bottoming, increase to ≥ 6  T.
Topic: Flange Length
Feature: Flange
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Sheet metal tips
Guideline: When placing holes, slots, and similar features in your part design, be sure to locate them at least 4x the material thickness away from any edges or inside corners.
Topic: Feature to Edge
Feature: Hole/Slot
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  Bend radii
Guideline: Holes can be at least 2.5X MT from bend edges while slots should have more clearance at 4X MT.
Topic: Hole/Slot to Bend
Feature: Hole/Slot
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Sheet Metal Design Guide (PDF)
Guideline: Be sure to place holes and slots at least 2 times the material‚ thickness from part edges.
Topic: Hole/Slot to Edge
Feature: Hole/Slot
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Sheet Metal Design Guide (PDF)
Guideline: For most materials, the minimum flange length should be met for at least ~50-60% of the bend‚ length on both sides of the bend.
Topic: Flange Contact
Feature: Flange
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: SendCutSend ‚  Bending
Guideline: The minimum edge distance should not be less than 1.5D.
Topic: Edge Distance
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Source: NASA ‚  Fastener Design Manual
Guideline: Common design practice is to use a nominal edge distance of 2D from the fastener hole centerline.
Topic: Edge Distance
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Source: NASA ‚  Fastener Design Manual
Guideline: The nominal distance between fasteners is 4D.
Topic: Fastener Spacing
Feature: Pattern
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Source: NASA ‚  Fastener Design Manual
Guideline: The distance from the center of a bolt to an edge of a part shall not be less than 1.5 times the nominal diameter of the bolt.
Topic: Edge Distance
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Source:  SC ‚  Bolted connections
Guideline: 0.5 degrees on all vertical faces is strongly advised.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Draft guidelines
Guideline: 1 to 2 degrees works very well in most situations.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Draft guidelines
Guideline: 3 degrees is minimum for a shutoff (metal sliding on metal).
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Draft guidelines
Guideline: 3 degrees is required for light texture (PM-T1).
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Draft guidelines
Guideline: 5 or more degrees is required for heavy texture (PM-T2).
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Draft guidelines
Guideline: Applying 1 to 2 degrees works well in most scenarios.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Moldability guide
Guideline: 1 degree of draft per 1 inch of cavity depth is a good rule of thumb.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Wall thickness
Guideline: In general, the recommendation is to add a minimum of 1 degree of draft per inch of mold cavity depth.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Hubs ‚  Draft angle
Guideline: For every 0.1mm depth of texture, an additional 0.4-degree draft angle is recommended.
Topic: Draft/Texture
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Hubs ‚  Draft video
Guideline: Typically, designers apply draft angles of 1.5 to 2 degrees to injection molded parts at mold depths up to 2 inches.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Fictiv ‚  Draft angle
Guideline: Use a thickness equal to 0.5  main wall thickness.
Topic: Ribs
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Preference-based; confirm desired level of automation.
Source: Hubs ‚  Injection molding guide
Guideline: Define a height smaller than 3  rib thickness.
Topic: Ribs
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: Hubs ‚  Injection molding guide
Guideline: Add a draft angle of at least 0.25 - 0.5.
Topic: Ribs/Draft
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: Hubs ‚  Injection molding guide
Guideline: Add a min. distance between ribs and walls of 4  rib thickness.
Topic: Ribs/Spacing
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: Hubs ‚  Injection molding guide
Guideline: Rib Thickness - The thickness of a rib must be no more than 60% of the nominal wall thickness of the part.
Topic: Ribs
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: Xometry ‚  Plastic ribs
Guideline: Ribs won’t precipitate sink marks and the structure uses less material, too.
Topic: Sink Marks/Ribs
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: Fictiv ‚  Wall thickness
Guideline: Bends ± 1 degree
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: Bend
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Hole Diameters ± 0.005 in.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Edge to Edge/Hole; Hole to Hole ± 0.005 in.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: Feature spacing
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Hardware edge/Hole ± 0.010 in.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: Hardware
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Bend to edge ± 0.010 in.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: Bend
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Multiple surfaces ± 0.030 in.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Basic Design Guidelines
Guideline: Ovality at a tube bend should not exceed 10% (5% to 8% typical).
Topic: Tube Bending
Feature: Tube
Manufacturing type: Forming
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Manufacturing Standards
Guideline: Tube end point tolerance is +/- .063‚ to ensure fit and assembly.
Topic: Tube Bending
Feature: Tube
Manufacturing type: Forming
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Manufacturing Standards
Guideline: Avoid Deep Features
Topic: Feature Depth
Feature: Pocket/Slot
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: No
Source: Fictiv ‚  10 tips
Guideline: Avoid Sharp Internal Corners
Topic: Internal Corners
Feature: Corner
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: End mills are round; internal corners require a radius.
Source: Fictiv ‚  10 tips
Guideline: This limits, for example, the minimum wall thickness that a CNC machined part can have and the maximum aspect ratio of tall features.
Topic: Stiffness Limits
Feature: Wall/Tall feature
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC machining guide
Guideline: The difference between 82 and 90 countersinks
Topic: Countersink
Feature: Countersink
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Non-standard angles may not match fasteners.
Source: SendCutSend ‚  Video
Guideline: How to model and verify a countersink in your CAD design
Topic: Countersink
Feature: Countersink
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Non-standard angles may not match fasteners.
Source: SendCutSend ‚  Video
Guideline: Rib thickness at the base should be between 50-70% of the nominal wall thickness.
Topic: Ribs
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: SOLIDWORKS Blog ‚  Cardinal rules
Guideline: Rib height should be 2.5 ‚  3X the nominal wall thickness.
Topic: Ribs
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: SOLIDWORKS Blog ‚  Cardinal rules
Guideline: Ribs should have 0.5 ‚  1.5 degrees of draft.
Topic: Ribs/Draft
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: SOLIDWORKS Blog ‚  Cardinal rules
Guideline: The distance of holes from the bend should be at least 2.5x the material thickness.
Topic: Hole to Bend
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  AU sheet metal tips
Guideline: Slots should be placed at a distance of at least 4x the material thickness from the bend edges.
Topic: Slot to Bend
Feature: Slot
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  AU sheet metal tips
Guideline: Protolabs provides a range of internal bend radius tooling options between 0.01 in. and 1 in.
Topic: Bend Radius Tooling
Feature: Bend
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  Sheet metal toolkit
Guideline: Flange length must be at least 4 times the material thickness.
Topic: Flange Length
Feature: Flange
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Geomiq ‚  Sheet metal guide
Guideline: For thin materials, buckling between fasteners can be a problem.
Topic: Fastener Spacing
Feature: Pattern
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Source: NASA ‚  Fastener Design Manual
Guideline: Rib thickness should not exceed 60 percent of the nominal thickness.
Topic: Ribs
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: GrabCAD ‚  Guidelines
Guideline: The distance between two ribs should be 2 ‚  3X the nominal wall thickness.
Topic: Ribs Spacing
Feature: Rib
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Thick ribs cause sink and warpage.
Source: SOLIDWORKS Blog ‚  Cardinal rules
Guideline: Holes and slots should be at least 6X MT from each other.
Topic: Feature Spacing
Feature: Hole/Slot
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Sheet Metal Design Guide (PDF)
Guideline: Holes of .100‚ or smaller in diameter may be slightly larger than standard tolerances.
Topic: Small Holes
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Manufacturing Standards
Guideline: If a square part needs to mate into a square hole, then other techniques ‚ like drilling relief holes in the corners ‚ can help.
Topic: Relief Holes
Feature: Corner/Hole
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Fictiv ‚  10 tips
Guideline: A good rule of thumb is to apply 1 degree of draft per 1 inch of cavity depth.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Injection basics
Guideline: In most situations, 2 degrees is the amount to look for.
Topic: Draft
Feature: Draft
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Draft eases ejection and protects surfaces.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Draft analysis (SOLIDWORKS)
Guideline: Snap-fit joints are a very simple, economical and rapid way of joining two parts without fasteners or tools.
Topic: Snap-Fits
Feature: Snap-fit
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Source: Hubs ‚  Injection molding guide
Guideline: The most common internal bend radius (and our default) is 0.030 in. (0.762mm).
Topic: Bend Radius
Feature: Bend
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  8 mistakes in sheet metal
Guideline: Be sure to place holes away from bends at a distance of at least 2.5 times the material‚ thickness plus the bend radius.
Topic: Hole to Bend
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Sheet Metal Design Guide (PDF)
Guideline: Part Length Over 60" ‚  Angularity Tolerance 1.
Topic: Tolerances
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Missing tolerance can cause rework and fit issues.
Source: Xometry ‚  Manufacturing Standards
Guideline: If possible, the countersink should not be deeper than 60% of the material thickness.
Topic: Countersink
Feature: Countersink
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Non-standard angles may not match fasteners.
Source: SendCutSend ‚  Tapping & countersinking
Guideline: The minimum edge distance ... is at least 1.5 times the bolt diameter.
Topic: Edge Distance
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Source: NASA-STD-5020
Guideline: The larger the corner radius, the fewer passes the machine will take and the lower the cost.
Topic: Internal Corners
Feature: Corner
Manufacturing type: CNC Milling
Good practice: Yes
Source: Fictiv ‚  Optimizing part design
Guideline: Additional Notes on CNC Turning Guidelines
Topic: Capabilities
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Turning
Good practice: Yes
Source: Protolabs ‚  Turning service
Guideline: Hole and Slot Dimensions: Keep hole and slot diameters at least as large as 1X MT.
Topic: Holes/Slots
Feature: Hole/Slot
Manufacturing type: Sheet Metal
Good practice: Yes
Source: Xometry ‚  Sheet Metal Design Guide (PDF)
Guideline: CNC Machining Design Guide
Topic: General
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Source: Geomiq ‚  CNC Design Guide
Guideline: Overhangs exceeding 45 typically require support.
Topic: Overhangs
Feature: Surface
Manufacturing type: 3D Printing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Steeper overhangs sag without support in FFF/SLA.
Source: Autodesk ‚  Additive design guide
Guideline: Bridging performs best under ~10‚ 20 mm spans without support.
Topic: Bridging
Feature: Bridge
Manufacturing type: 3D Printing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Long bridges droop and under-extrude.
Source: Prusa ‚  Print quality guide
Guideline: Thin walls below two perimeters are fragile and may not slice reliably.
Topic: Wall Thickness
Feature: Wall
Manufacturing type: 3D Printing
Good practice: No
Explanation: Insufficient perimeters cause weak, porous walls.
Source: Ultimaker ‚  Design for FFF
Guideline: Orient parts to align tensile load with layer direction.
Topic: Anisotropy
Feature: Orientation
Manufacturing type: 3D Printing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Layer adhesion is weaker than intralayer strength.
Source: Formlabs ‚  Design guide
Guideline: Minimum embossed detail ~0.4 mm; debossed ~0.6 mm.
Topic: Text/Detail
Feature: Text
Manufacturing type: 3D Printing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Small features may not resolve after post-processing.
Source: Fictiv ‚  3D printing guide
Guideline: Datums establish a frame of reference for measurement.
Topic: Datums
Feature: Datum
Manufacturing type: GD&T
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Without datums, measurements are ambiguous.
Source: GD&T Basics ‚  Datums
Guideline: Position controls location using true position tolerance.
Topic: Position
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: GD&T
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Use position for hole patterns instead of ± linear tolerances.
Source: GD&T Basics ‚  Position
Guideline: MMC allows additional tolerance when the feature departs MMC.
Topic: MMC
Feature: Feature of Size
Manufacturing type: GD&T
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: MMC bonus tolerance improves manufacturability and fit.
Source: GD&T Basics ‚  MMC
Guideline: Use composite position for tighter pattern relative to datums.
Topic: Composite Position
Feature: Pattern
Manufacturing type: GD&T
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Composite control separates pattern spacing from datum location.
Source: GD&T Basics ‚  Composite
Guideline: Perpendicularity controls angularity relative to a datum.
Topic: Perpendicularity
Feature: Face
Manufacturing type: GD&T
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Prevents stack-up from relying on tight size tolerances.
Source: GD&T Basics ‚  Perpendicularity
Guideline: General tolerances per ISO 2768 apply if not otherwise specified.
Topic: General Tolerances
Feature: General
Manufacturing type: GD&T
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: State general tolerance standard to avoid ambiguity.
Source: ISO 2768 summary ‚  Xometry EU
Guideline: Use standard thread sizes and pitches wherever possible.
Topic: Threads
Feature: Thread
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Standard taps reduce tooling changes and cost.
Source: Hubs ‚  Threads guide
Guideline: Thread engagement of 1 to 1.5 diameter is typical for metals.
Topic: Thread Engagement
Feature: Thread
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Short engagement risks stripping under load.
Source: Fictiv ‚  Threaded holes
Guideline: Avoid threading to the bottom of blind holes; leave relief.
Topic: Thread Relief
Feature: Thread
Manufacturing type: Assembly/Fastening
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Prevents tap bottoming and broken tools.
Source: Xometry ‚  Threaded holes
Guideline: Provide adequate access for the torch and filler.
Topic: Weld Accessibility
Feature: Joint
Manufacturing type: Welding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Poor access leads to defects and rework.
Source: Miller ‚  Design for welding
Guideline: Use joints that permit welding in the flat position when possible.
Topic: Weld Position
Feature: Joint
Manufacturing type: Welding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Flat positions produce higher quality and productivity.
Source: Lincoln Electric ‚  Weld design
Guideline: Avoid excessive restraint; design to minimize distortion.
Topic: Weld Distortion
Feature: Assembly
Manufacturing type: Welding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Heat shrinkage causes warping; sequence and fixturing help.
Source: Miller ‚  Distortion control
Guideline: Hole diameters often print undersized; ream or drill to final size.
Topic: Printed Holes
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: 3D Printing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Expect shrink; finish to tolerance after printing.
Source: Prusa ‚  Design tips
Guideline: Use chamfers at hole entries to help with tapping and assembly.
Topic: Chamfers
Feature: Chamfer
Manufacturing type: 3D Printing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Chamfers guide fasteners and reduce burrs.
Source: Ultimaker ‚  Design tips
Guideline: Prefer larger internal radii to reduce tool passes and cost.
Topic: Internal Corners
Feature: Corner
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Bigger radii allow faster roughing and finishing.
Source: Fictiv ‚  Optimizing part design
Guideline: Keep slot width ≥ tool diameter to avoid special tools.
Topic: Slots
Feature: Slot
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Too-narrow slots require micro-tools and slow feeds.
Source: Hubs ‚  CNC guide
Guideline: Avoid deep, narrow pockets due to limited flute length.
Topic: Pockets
Feature: Pocket
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: No
Explanation: High aspect pockets chatter and deflect.
Source: FiveFlute ‚  DFM guide
Guideline: Keep uniform wall thickness to reduce warpage.
Topic: Wall Uniformity
Feature: Wall
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Uniform walls cool evenly and reduce sink.
Source: Protolabs ‚  Injection moldability
Guideline: Embossed text should be at least 0.5 mm high for legibility.
Topic: Text
Feature: Text
Manufacturing type: Injection Molding
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Small characters fill in and become unreadable.
Source: Hubs ‚  Injection Molding guide
Guideline: Countersink angles commonly 82 (inch) and 90 (metric).
Topic: Countersink
Feature: Countersink
Manufacturing type: CNC Machining
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Non-standard angles misfit common fasteners.
Source: Hubs ‚  Knowledge base
Guideline: “Integrate manufacturability considerations from the earliest stages of product design.”
Topic: Early DFM Integration
Feature: System
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify that manufacturing feedback was included before concept freeze.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Reduce product complexity without compromising functionality.”
Topic: Simplification
Feature: Assembly
Manufacturing type: Assembly Design
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Check if part count and geometry complexity have been minimized.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Use standard components and processes wherever possible.”
Topic: Standardization
Feature: Component
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Confirm that off-the-shelf or common parts are used instead of custom ones.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Select materials based on cost, availability, and manufacturability.”
Topic: Material Selection
Feature: Material
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify that chosen materials balance strength, cost, and ease of processing.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Design assemblies to minimize the number of assembly steps and specialized tools.”
Topic: Assembly Optimization
Feature: Assembly
Manufacturing type: Assembly Design
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Check that parts can be assembled with minimal fasteners or jigs.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Ensure parts can only be assembled in the correct orientation.”
Topic: Assembly Error Proofing
Feature: Assembly
Manufacturing type: Assembly Design
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify physical constraints or keyed features to prevent misassembly.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Incorporate inspection and quality control features directly into the design.”
Topic: Quality Integration
Feature: Quality
Manufacturing type: QA/QC
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Check for datum surfaces, gauge points, or inspection accessibility.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Conduct preliminary DFM assessments during concept development.”
Topic: DFM Assessment
Feature: Process
Manufacturing type: Product Development
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify that manufacturability was reviewed in early design milestones.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Iterate designs using DFM analysis results to reduce cost and complexity.”
Topic: Iterative Refinement
Feature: Process
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Confirm that design revisions address manufacturability feedback.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Integrate digital simulation tools to test manufacturability virtually.”
Topic: Simulation Validation
Feature: Simulation
Manufacturing type: Industry 4.0
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Check whether design has been validated using DFM software or digital twins.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Design products with modular components for easier disassembly and recycling.”
Topic: Design for Disassembly
Feature: Assembly
Manufacturing type: Sustainable Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify modularity and material separation for end-of-life recovery.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Avoid mixed materials that are difficult to separate during recycling.”
Topic: Material Separation
Feature: Material
Manufacturing type: Sustainable Manufacturing
Good practice: No
Explanation: Flag designs that combine dissimilar materials in bonded joints.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Measure DFM success by tracking cost reduction, time-to-market, and defect rates.”
Topic: KPI Measurement
Feature: Process
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify that DFM metrics are defined and measured per iteration.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Ensure cross-functional collaboration between design, engineering, and manufacturing.”
Topic: Team Integration
Feature: Process
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Confirm multi-disciplinary review sign-offs before release.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “Include sustainability goals alongside manufacturing objectives.”
Topic: Sustainability Alignment
Feature: System
Manufacturing type: Sustainable Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Ensure environmental performance is part of manufacturability review.
Source: 6Sigma.us
Guideline: “DFM ensures your design can be produced smoothly and successfully on the first try.”
Topic: Manufacturability Assurance
Feature: System
Manufacturing type: PCB Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Confirms design has been validated against manufacturer constraints.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Move DFM to the front of the process and use automated tools to handle complexity.”
Topic: Early DFM Integration
Feature: Process
Manufacturing type: PCB Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify that manufacturability checks are run before design freeze.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Copper clearance and trace width must meet both electrical performance requirements and the manufacturer’s capabilities.”
Topic: Copper & Trace Width
Feature: Copper
Manufacturing type: PCB Fabrication
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Compare design rule values to fab house minimums.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Annular ring width must ensure proper drill alignment tolerance to prevent broken rings.”
Topic: Annular Ring
Feature: Via
Manufacturing type: PCB Fabrication
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Check pad/via annular ring meets drill alignment spec.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Via-in-pad designs risk solder paste flowing into the via during reflow, leading to bad solder joints.”
Topic: Via-in-Pad
Feature: Via
Manufacturing type: PCB Assembly
Good practice: No
Explanation: Flag via-in-pad unless plugged or capped.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Ensure sufficient spacing between pads and components to prevent bridging or tombstoning.”
Topic: Pad Spacing
Feature: Pad
Manufacturing type: PCB Assembly
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Maintain pad spacing per IPC-7351 or fab rules.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Silkscreen should not overlap with pads as it can affect soldering.”
Topic: Silkscreen Clearance
Feature: Silkscreen
Manufacturing type: PCB Assembly
Good practice: No
Explanation: Detect silkscreen overlaps during DFM review.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Board thickness, slots, and shaping tolerances relate directly to mechanical strength and cost.”
Topic: Board Mechanics
Feature: Board Outline
Manufacturing type: PCB Fabrication
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Evaluate thickness and cutouts for manufacturability and stiffness.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “A DFM checklist must include DFT checks—adding test points for key signals and ensuring probe accessibility.”
Topic: Testability (DFT)
Feature: Test Point
Manufacturing type: PCB Testing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify accessible test points exist for all critical nets.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Thermal management design must be considered—heat accumulation leads to component overheating.”
Topic: Thermal Management
Feature: Thermal
Manufacturing type: PCB Design
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Confirm copper pours, vias, or heat sinks manage power dissipation.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Use components from an Approved Vendor List (AVL) to avoid EOL and long lead times.”
Topic: Component Lifecycle
Feature: Component
Manufacturing type: Supply Chain
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Check that each part number is active and available.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Communicate with the factory before finalizing design to understand manufacturing lead times.”
Topic: Lead Time Awareness
Feature: Process
Manufacturing type: Supply Chain
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Confirm that process-specific lead times were reviewed with fab house.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Automated DFM tools can identify and resolve issues before design submission, reducing risks by up to 90%.”
Topic: Automated Review
Feature: System
Manufacturing type: PCB Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Verify design passed automated DFM tool validation.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Component layout spacing must ensure pick-and-place machines have room to operate.”
Topic: Component Spacing
Feature: Component
Manufacturing type: PCB Assembly
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Ensure mechanical clearance for automated assembly.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “For fine-pitch components, use a flatter surface finish such as ENIG instead of HASL.”
Topic: Surface Finish
Feature: Pad
Manufacturing type: PCB Assembly
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Recommend ENIG for reliable soldering on tight-pitch pads.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Through-hole size must match component leads to ensure solder can flow smoothly.”
Topic: Through-Hole Fit
Feature: Hole
Manufacturing type: PCB Assembly
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Check lead and hole size per IPC-2221 tolerances.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Future DFM tools will predict manufacturing yield and generate optimized designs automatically.”
Topic: AI-driven DFM
Feature: System
Manufacturing type: Smart Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Suggest integrating predictive yield estimation into the workflow.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: “Provide a shared data platform so all stakeholders can review and contribute early.”
Topic: Collaborative DFM
Feature: Process
Manufacturing type: Collaborative Design
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Confirm design files are accessible for early cross-team DFM review.
Source: NextPCB
Guideline: Are there existing parts from similar products that are not being used?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Reusing existing parts minimizes redundant tooling and reduces overall part count. It ensures design consistency, lowers production cost, and simplifies logistics and quality control across product lines.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can multiple parts be combined into one to reduce the number of parts in the assembly?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Combining multiple parts into one simplifies the assembly process and reduces potential failure points. It also improves structural integrity and reduces costs associated with fasteners and assembly labor.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are there complicated mechanisms that can be simplified?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: General DFM
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Simplifying complex mechanisms improves reliability and reduces the risk of assembly errors or part failure. It enhances manufacturability and minimizes maintenance or repair time.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are there areas of marginal strength that should be improved/ strengthened?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: General DFM
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Ensuring sufficient strength in marginal areas prevents premature wear, cracking, or failure under load. It supports long-term product durability and user safety.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are there materials that are considered standard that are not being used?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Material Selection
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Using standard materials aligns with existing supplier capabilities and ensures availability and cost efficiency. It also facilitates easier replacement and compliance with company or industry standards.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are the materials not suitable for the intended process?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Material Selection
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can the part be confused with other parts of similar shape? (i.e. asymmetrical parts)
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are parts too small to handle or require a tool to pick it up?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Parts that are too small are difficult to manipulate, increasing assembly time and risk of error. Designing for proper size and handling improves ergonomics and automation compatibility.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can die cut components be reduced or eliminated?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: General DFM
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can the quantity of off-board components/assemblies be reduced? (i.e. switches, LEDs, PCBA, etc.)
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Electronics / Wiring
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Managing wire harness complexity and PCB design ensures efficient assembly and maintenance. Clear labeling and color coding minimize wiring errors and improve serviceability.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are there opportunities for more cost-effective components? (i.e. speaker size, cheaper PCB, battery quantity, etc.)
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Electronics / Wiring
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Managing wire harness complexity and PCB design ensures efficient assembly and maintenance. Clear labeling and color coding minimize wiring errors and improve serviceability.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can the number of manual soldering operations be reduced?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: General DFM
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are there electronic parts/components/ assemblies that are considered standard that are not being used?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are there wire assemblies that are not color coded?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Electronics / Wiring
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Managing wire harness complexity and PCB design ensures efficient assembly and maintenance. Clear labeling and color coding minimize wiring errors and improve serviceability.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can the quantity of heat stakes and screws be reduced?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Fastening / Joining
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Considering heat management during design prevents warping, part failure, or dimensional inaccuracy. Adequate cooling and thermal design maintain consistent material properties during molding or operation.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can the number of wire harness interconnections be reduced or eliminated? (Keep in mind assembly or field service)
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Managing wire harness complexity and PCB design ensures efficient assembly and maintenance. Clear labeling and color coding minimize wiring errors and improve serviceability.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can testing operations be automated, simplified or reduced?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Testing / Quality Assurance
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: Automating or simplifying testing operations reduces inspection time and increases product throughput. It also ensures consistent quality validation, supporting mass production efficiency.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Do joining or assembly processes compromise the aesthetics? (i.e. sink marks)
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Can part materials be changed to improve the joining process?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Material Selection
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist
Guideline: Are there parts design that do not allow for proper location and alignment?
Topic: Product Design - General
Feature: Assembly / Ergonomics
Manufacturing type: General Manufacturing
Good practice: Yes
Explanation: This checklist item prompts engineers to consider manufacturability, cost efficiency, and reliability in early design. Addressing it prevents downstream issues during assembly, testing, or production.
Source: Quality-One DFM/A Sample Checklist