ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ
ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ (ꯁꯨꯃꯦꯔꯤꯌꯟꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯤꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯏꯅꯥꯟꯅꯥ) ꯑꯁꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯥꯟꯒ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯅꯛꯅ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯏꯅ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ-ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝ ꯏꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯈꯪꯅꯔꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯅꯧꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ ꯈꯪꯕ ꯉꯝꯗ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯄꯥꯡꯒꯜ ꯀꯟꯕ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯑꯁꯤꯅ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯅꯥꯛ ꯅꯛꯄ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯙꯔꯃꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯗꯥꯡ ꯑꯃ ꯂꯧꯈꯤ꯫
ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯗ, ꯏꯅꯥꯟꯅꯥꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯍꯦꯟꯖꯤꯟꯅ ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯔꯨꯝꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯈꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯂꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯑꯃꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯛꯄ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ-ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯕ ꯂꯝꯃꯤꯠ-ꯇꯨꯃꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗ ꯏꯀꯥꯏ ꯈꯨꯝꯅꯈꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯕ ꯁꯤꯚꯤꯂꯥꯏꯖꯦꯁꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯨꯋꯥꯔꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯉꯜꯂꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯇꯝꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯄꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯴ ꯁꯨꯕ ꯃꯤꯂꯦꯅꯤꯌꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯊꯦꯡꯕꯗ ꯎꯔꯨꯛꯇ ꯎꯠꯈꯤ ꯫, .      . , 2003., . ,     .  , 1983., .   . , 2011., .    .  , 2004.

 ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ 

ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ-ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯅ ꯇꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯐ꯭ꯔꯦꯇꯤꯁ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇ ꯂꯝꯃꯤꯠꯂꯣꯟꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯝꯃꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯅꯛꯄ ꯅꯣꯡꯄꯣꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯛꯏ꯫ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯆꯞ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯂꯝꯈꯩꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯈꯟꯅ-ꯅꯩꯅꯕ ꯀꯌꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯏꯔꯥꯛ, ꯀꯨꯋꯦꯠ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥ, ꯏꯔꯥꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯔꯀꯤꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯒ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯩ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯅꯩ꯫ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯛꯀꯥꯗꯤꯌꯟ, ꯕꯦꯕꯤꯂꯣꯅꯤꯌꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯔꯤꯌꯥꯟ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯒꯤ ꯑꯍꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯆꯧꯕ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧꯔꯦꯜ ꯂꯩꯕꯥꯛ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯌꯨꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯃꯤ꯫
ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯅ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯒ꯭ꯔꯤꯛꯀꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ, ꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯏꯠ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ꯭ꯠꯒꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯇꯣꯞꯄ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯂꯩꯔꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯅ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯇꯥꯔꯛꯄ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯇꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯆꯠꯅꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯅ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯄꯤꯈꯤ꯫ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯁꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯌꯥ, ꯍꯥꯏꯕꯗꯤ ꯑꯦꯐ꯭ꯔꯣꯗꯥꯏꯠ, ꯑꯥꯔꯇꯦꯃꯤꯁ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯊꯦꯅꯥꯅ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯇꯥꯅ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯅꯥꯠꯀꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅ ꯂꯥꯛꯂꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯅ, ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝꯅꯕꯗ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝꯒ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯄꯨꯟꯁꯤ ꯁꯥꯡꯕ ꯐꯪꯈꯤꯗꯦ꯫ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤꯕ ꯂꯥꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯅ ꯃꯁꯛ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯐꯤꯚꯝꯗ ꯇꯥꯔꯦ꯫
ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯅ ꯍꯧꯖꯤꯛ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯤꯡꯆꯠ ꯈꯪꯗꯕ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯔꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯈꯤꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯝꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯗꯨꯕꯨ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯖꯕ ꯌꯥꯕ ꯃꯑꯣꯡꯗ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯝ ꯑꯏꯕꯒꯤ ꯄꯊꯥꯞ ꯃꯥꯡꯈꯤꯕꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯍꯟꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯆꯍꯤ ꯳,꯰꯰꯰ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯝ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯟꯁꯤꯌꯦꯟꯠ ꯅꯤꯌꯔ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯊꯨꯡꯅ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯗꯤꯇꯦꯔꯦꯅꯤꯌꯟꯒꯤ ꯁꯔꯨꯛ ꯈꯔꯗ ꯄꯥꯎ ꯐꯥꯎꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯩ ꯑꯣꯏꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯍꯣꯡꯕ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯔꯤꯕ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯅ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯈ꯭ꯔꯤꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯀꯨꯝꯖꯥ ꯴꯰꯰ꯗ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯗ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯏꯊꯤꯜ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯇꯨꯡꯗ ꯂꯥꯛꯀꯗꯧꯕ ꯋꯥꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯦꯖꯟꯅꯕ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯑꯗꯨꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯍꯟꯊꯔꯛꯈꯤ꯫
 ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝꯁꯤꯡ 

ꯏꯅꯥꯟꯅꯥꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯊꯥꯏꯅꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯑꯦꯟꯊ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯣꯃꯣꯔꯐꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯁꯨꯃꯦꯔꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯅꯨꯡꯁꯤꯕꯒꯤ ꯁꯩꯔꯦꯡꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯄꯨ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯃꯥ ꯅꯤꯡꯒꯜ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯄꯥ ꯅꯟꯅꯥ (ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯊꯥꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏ, ꯁꯤꯟ)ꯒ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯅ ꯌꯨꯝꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯅꯍꯥ ꯑꯣꯏꯔꯤꯕ ꯅꯨꯄꯤ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯠꯂꯤ꯫ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯅꯥꯎꯅꯨꯄꯥ ꯐꯥꯏꯕꯣꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯋꯥꯌꯦꯜꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯈꯜꯂꯣꯟꯒ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯁꯣꯂꯔꯒꯤ ꯂꯥꯏ ꯎꯇꯨ (ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯁꯃꯥꯁ)ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔ ꯃꯁꯥꯃꯛ ꯑꯇꯤꯌꯥꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯄꯣꯠꯁꯛ ꯑꯃꯒꯁꯨ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯩ: ꯚꯤꯅꯁ, ꯑꯌꯨꯛ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯅꯨꯃꯤꯗꯥꯡꯋꯥꯏꯔꯝꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯅꯤ꯫ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯂꯨꯍꯣꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯂꯣꯏꯅꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯗꯨꯃꯨꯖꯤ (ꯁꯦꯃꯤꯇꯤꯛ ꯇꯝꯃꯨꯖ)ꯅꯤ, ꯃꯍꯥꯛ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯌꯥꯎꯁꯦꯟꯕꯤ ꯅꯤꯡꯊꯧ ꯑꯃ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯎꯕ ꯐꯪꯏ꯫ ꯗꯨꯃꯨꯖꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯥꯅ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯗꯠꯇꯨꯔꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯆꯦꯅ ꯒꯦꯁꯇꯤꯅꯟꯅꯥꯅꯤ꯫
ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯂꯤꯈꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯥꯛ ꯁꯟꯅ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯂꯕꯁꯨ, ꯃꯆꯦꯠ ꯈꯔ, ꯃꯄꯨꯡ ꯐꯥꯗꯕ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯔꯤ ꯂꯩꯅꯕ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ ꯇꯥꯛꯄꯗ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯃꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯗꯣꯡꯊꯤꯅꯤꯡꯉꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯃꯋꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯥꯂꯦꯝꯗ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ ꯆꯨꯞꯄꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯏꯊꯤꯜꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅ ꯈꯟꯅꯔꯛꯄ ꯃꯇꯝꯗ ꯑꯉꯛꯄ ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ ꯈꯨꯗꯝ ꯆꯥꯡꯗꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗ ꯂꯩꯔꯤꯕ ꯑꯋꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯌꯥꯝꯕꯅ (ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯅ ꯅꯠꯇ꯭ꯔꯕꯁꯨ) ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯃꯇꯝꯒꯤ ꯃꯍꯩꯅꯤ ꯍꯥꯏꯅ ꯂꯧꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯁꯥꯍꯤꯇ꯭ꯌꯒꯤ ꯂꯤꯈꯨꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ, ꯂꯥꯏꯔꯦꯝꯕꯤ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯦꯁꯣꯄꯣꯇꯦꯃꯤꯌꯥꯗꯒꯤ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯑꯔꯤꯕ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ ꯑꯅꯤ: ꯒꯤꯜꯒꯥꯃꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯦꯄꯤꯛ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁ꯭ꯇꯥꯔꯒꯤ ꯗꯤꯁꯦꯟ꯭ꯇ ꯇꯨ ꯗ ꯅꯦꯗꯔꯋꯔꯜ꯭ꯗꯇ ꯃꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯁꯛꯇꯝ ꯂꯥꯡꯕꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛ ꯈ꯭ꯋꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯃꯃꯤꯡ ꯆꯠꯂꯤ꯫

ꯃꯆꯥꯈꯥꯏꯕ:ꯂꯥꯏ ꯋꯥꯔꯤ