The 5 Whys/Root cause analysis - Douglas Squirrel
Date: 2011-12-10 14:11:13

At XP Day I was chatting to http://blog.benjaminm.net/[Benjamin Mitchell] about http://www.markhneedham.com/blog/2011/10/24/retrospective-the-5-whys/[the 5 whys] http://www.markhneedham.com/blog/2011/11/13/the-5-whys-another-attempt/[exercises] that we'd tried on my team and I suggested that beyond http://www.startuplessonslearned.com/2009/07/how-to-conduct-five-whys-root-cause.html[Eric Ries' post on the subject] I hadn't come across an article/video which explained how to do it.

Benjamin mentioned that Douglas Squirrel had recently done a talk on this very subject at Skillsmatter and as with most Skillsmatter talks there's a http://skillsmatter.com/podcast/agile-testing/hands-on-root-cause-analysis[video of the presentation online].

http://gojko.net/2010/05/26/effective-root-cause-analysis-techniques/[Gojko wrote a post summarising the talk at the time] but I was interested in seeing how a 5 whys facilitated by Douglas would compare to the ones that we'd done.

These were some of my observations/learnings:

* Douglas started off with a similar approach to the one we tried in our last attempt whereby he *listed all the initial problems across the board and then worked through them*. One thing he did much better was ensuring that the 5 whys were covered for each problem before moving onto the next one. He described this as '*move down, then across*' and made the interesting observation that when you get to the real root cause (in theory the 5th why) there will be a pause and it will hurt. I don't remember noticing that in any of our 5 whys which means, Douglas suggests, that 'you[/we] are not doing it right'. In terms of actually getting to the root cause he's probably right but you can still learn some useful things even if you don't dig down that far.
* He also made the suggestions that we *shouldn't follow whys which we can immediately see are not going to go anywhere* - we'd be better off going down one of the other nodes which might lead us to some useful learning. I think we made the mistake of following some nodes which we could tell were going to go nowhere the first time that we did the exercise and ended up reaching a 5th why which was so general that we couldn't do anything with it. On the other hand I think it probably takes a couple of goes at the 5 whys before you can say with certainty that following a why is going to go nowhere.
* Another suggestion was to *ensure that everyone linked with the problem being discussed is in the room*, partly so that they don't end up being made the scape goat in absentia. In the two exercises we've run we only included the people on our immediate team and we did reach a point where it was difficult to work out what the answer to some of the whys should be because the person who could answer that question wasn't in the room. It does obviously make it more logistically difficult to organise the meeting, especially if you have people working in different countries.
* Squirrel suggested then *any actions that come out of the meeting should be completable in a week* which helps to ensure that they're realistic and proportionate to the problem. If something goes wrong once then we don't necessarily need to make massive changes to avoid it in future, it might be sufficient to just make some small changes and then observe if things have improved. </ul> Overall I found the talk quite useful and it was especially helpful to be able to see how a more experienced facilitator, like Douglas, was able to guide the discussion back into the framework so that it didn't drift off. I'm not yet convinced that we would want to run a 5 whys exercise every week which is what I've heard suggested before - I think the format could quickly become dull to people as with any other meeting format when used repeatedly.