Abstract:
A substantially leak free joint connecting conduits in an exhaust system of an engine. The joint connects a first exhaust conduit extending between a first distal end and a first join end, and a second exhaust conduit extending between a second distal end and a second join end. The joint comprises a substantially circular bead formed by a tip of the first join end curled radially outward and around until it contacts an outer surface of the first exhaust conduit. A mating surface formed in the second join end that defines an at least partially axially open seat flared radially outward from the second exhaust conduit. At least a portion of the seat shaped to substantially conform to at least ninety degrees of a circumference of an external surface of the substantially circular bead. The external surface of the bead directly contacts the seat of the mating surface such that the portion of the seat curves around a portion of the circumference of the bead.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a method for connecting tubes in an exhaust system in a substantially leak free or leak free joint. Typical exhaust components and pipes which comprise exhaust systems are usually exposed to corrosive environments (internally, from the hot and acidic exhaust gases; and externally, from weather and road debris) and are operated in harsh conditions. In many piping systems, particularly exhaust purifying systems which utilize an additional reagent or fluid for NO x  reduction or filter heating, the connections must be substantially leak-proof. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    In one embodiment of the present invention a tubing joint in an exhaust system of an engine comprises a first tube having a distal end and a curling end. A tip of the curling end is curled radially outward and contacts an outer surface of the first tube to form a substantially circular bead at the curling end of the first tube. A second tube having a far end and a mating end, the mating end being flared radially outward to define a seat that is shaped to conform with at least a portion of an external surface of the bead. The first tube is joined to the second tube by positioning the bead of the curling end within the seat of the mating end. 
         [0003]    In one refinement of the embodiment an inner surface of the mating end of the second tube circumferentially overlaps at least ninety degrees of the external surface of the bead of the first tube. 
         [0004]    In another refinement of the embodiment at least one of the first tube and the second tube has a bend therein. 
         [0005]    In another refinement of the embodiment the first tube and the second tube are stainless steel, and the joint does not include a gasket. 
         [0006]    In another refinement of the embodiment the tube also comprises a V-band clamp that extends around a circumference of the joint, and wherein the V-band clamp axially and radially overlaps the seat of the mating end and the bead of the curling end. 
         [0007]    In another refinement of the embodiment, substantially adjacent to a tip of the mating end, there is a radially inward dimple that contacts the external surface of the bead. 
         [0008]    In another refinement of the embodiment an inner surface of the mating end of the second tube circumferentially overlaps over one hundred eighty degrees of the external surface of the bead of the first tube, and substantially the entire seat contacts the external surface of the bead. 
         [0009]    In another refinement of the embodiment the first tube and the second tube are stainless steel, and wherein the joint does not include a gasket. 
         [0010]    Another embodiment of the present invention is a method of connecting a first tube to a second tube in an engine exhaust system with a substantially leak free joint, comprises creating a substantially circular radially outward bead at a join end of the first tube by moving a curling die relative to the first tube along an axis. The curling die containing a groove having a radius such that a tip of the join end bends radially outward and around to contact an outer surface of the first tube to form the bead. Forming a seat in a mating end of the second tube using a second die to flare the mating end radially outward, and a third die to shape the seat so that a least a portion of the seat substantially conforms to at least ninety degrees of a circumference of an external surface of the substantially circular bead. Positioning the substantially circular bead of the first tube within the seat of the mating end of the second tube such that the portion of the seat is in contact with the external surface of the bead. 
         [0011]    One refinement of the embodiment comprises first clamping the first tube into a fixed position, and the curling die is moved relative to the first tube by forcing the first die toward the join end of the first tube. 
         [0012]    In another refinement of the embodiment the first tube is a bent tube. 
         [0013]    In another refinement of the embodiment the first tube and the second tube are stainless steel, and the joint is created without a gasket. 
         [0014]    Another refinement of the embodiment comprises adding a radially inward dimple to a tip of the mating end of the second tube, the dimple contacting the external surface of the bead. 
         [0015]    In another refinement of the embodiment the seat substantially conforms to at least one hundred eighty degrees of the circumference of the external surface of the substantially circular bead. 
         [0016]    Another refinement of the embodiment comprises positioning a V-band clamp around a circumference of the joint such that the clamp radially and axially overlaps the seat and the bead. 
         [0017]    In another refinement of the embodiment the seat does not extend around the entire circumference of the bead. 
         [0018]    Another embodiment of the present invention is a substantially leak free joint connecting conduits in an exhaust system of an engine. The joint comprises a first exhaust conduit extending between a first distal end and a first join end. It also comprises a second exhaust conduit extending between a second distal end and a second join end; and a joint connecting the first join end to the second join end. The joint comprises a substantially circular bead formed by a tip of the first join end curled radially outward and around until it contacts an outer surface of the first exhaust conduit. The joint also comprises a mating surface formed in the second join end that defines an at least partially axially open seat flared radially outward from the second exhaust conduit, at least a portion of the seat shaped to substantially conform to at least ninety degrees of a circumference of an external surface of the substantially circular bead. The external surface of the substantially circular bead directly contacts the seat of the mating surface such that the portion of the seat curves around a portion of the circumference of the bead. 
         [0019]    In another refinement of the embodiment the joint does not include a gasket. 
         [0020]    In another refinement of the embodiment the first conduit and the second conduit are stainless steel. 
         [0021]    In another refinement of the embodiment at least one of the first tube and the second tube has a bend therein. 
         [0022]    Another refinement of the embodiment comprises a V-band clamp that extends around a circumference of the joint and axially and radially overlaps the seat and the bead. 
         [0023]    In another refinement of the embodiment an inner surface of the seat circumferentially overlaps at least one hundred eighty degrees of the external surface of the bead, and substantially the entire seat contacts the external surface of the bead. 
         [0024]    In another refinement of the embodiment the seat does not overlap the entire circumference of the bead. 
         [0025]    Related objects and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0026]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view of an end of a tube adjacent to a curling die. 
           [0027]      FIG. 2  is the view of  FIG. 1  after the die and tube have been moved relative to one another to curl the end of the tube. 
           [0028]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of another tube being flared outward by a die. 
           [0029]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional of the tube of  FIG. 3  during processing in an additional die. 
           [0030]      FIG. 5  is a side view of the shape of a mating tube. 
           [0031]      FIG. 6  is a perspective end view of a first embodiment of a tube joint before assembly of the tubes. 
           [0032]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of  FIG. 6  after assembly of the two tubes. 
           [0033]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of a long lip no lock embodiment of a tube joint. 
           [0034]      FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view of a dimple lock embodiment of a tube joint. 
           [0035]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of a full lock embodiment of a tube joint. 
           [0036]      FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional view of a V-band lock embodiment of a tube joint. 
           [0037]      FIG. 12  is an end view of one style of clamp. 
           [0038]      FIG. 13  is a section view of the clamp of  FIG. 12  along the lines  13 - 13 . 
           [0039]      FIG. 14  is an end view of another style of clamp. 
           [0040]      FIG. 15  is an end view of another style of clamp. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0041]    For purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended, such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated device, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as illustrated therein being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates. 
         [0042]    The present invention relates generally to a method for joining tubes that can be used, for example, with internal combustion engines, such as diesel or gasoline powered engines. Such joined tubes are important since various portions of the exhaust system used in vehicle engines are susceptible to corrosion by water, sand, dirt and other particulate materials. Impurities such as products of combustion, soot, moisture, dust, abrasion powder, etc. mix and pass out the exhaust system every moment during the operation of an automobile&#39;s engine. Thus, there are many applications for tube joints according to the present invention. For example, the tube joints can be used in exhaust systems for farm equipment, construction equipment, skidders, loaders, other off-road vehicles, heavy-duty highway trucks, automobiles, and other vehicles. In one embodiment, the invention relates to curling a first tube to form a bead. A mating part is then formed on a second tube in two operations, first flaring the second tube out to get enough metal in position and then forming the join end of the second tube to mate with the beaded tube. 
         [0043]    With reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , there are illustrated aspects of forming a bead having a substantially circular cross-section at the end of a tube. The process of forming a bead illustrated therein is similar to the process of forming a multi-walled tube as disclosed in U.S. Ser. No. 11/588,803 filed 27 Oct. 2006 and entitled “Multi-Walled Tube And Method Of Manufacture”, assigned to the assignee of the present application, and incorporated herein by reference. However, the curling die used is preferably different so that the bead forms all the way back to the outer diameter of the tube (in contrast, in the double wall tube the curling die is made so the metal does not quite roll tight to the tube, and thus can continue to be pushed to create the double wall). Additionally, the tooling is slightly different in that the curl diameter is preferably larger in the multi-wall tube application. In the present application, formation of the bead is such that the tip of the tube curls around and contacts the tube and stops. As an example, the multi-wall tube preferably, but not necessarily, has a larger radius. In one application of the present invention the radius of the bead is about 0.187 inches. 
         [0044]    With further reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the tube  10  has a wall  14  that extends between a far end  11  and a curling or join end  12 . The tube  10  extends axially between the two ends and the curling end  12  is positioned adjacent to a curling die  30 . As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the curling end  12  is aligned with the annular groove  32  of curling die  32 . With reference to  FIG. 2 , the curling die  30  has been moved relative to the tube  10 . The tip of the curling end  12  has been forced through the annular groove  32  and has curled radially outward and around until it contacts the radially outer surface of wall  14  to form a substantially circular bead  22 . 
         [0045]    It should be understood that it is contemplated as within the scope of the invention that the axial movement of the tube  10  relative to curling die  30  may occur in a variety of ways. In one method, the tube  10  is translated axially while the curling die  30  is held fixed in position. In another method, both the tube  10  and the curling die  30  are translated toward one another. However, in the more preferred method, the tube  10  is fixed into position by a clamp (not illustrated) and the die  30  is forced onto the end  12  of tube  10  to form the bead  22 . Fixing the tube  10  into position and translating the curling die  30  permits the apparatus and method of the present invention to be more readily used, for example, with bent tubes. Movement of tube  10  relative to curl die  30  flows the tube  10  into a round and strong bead  22 . Many commercial applications contemplated as within the scope of the invention will entail forcing the die  30  onto the tube  10  since the bead will be formed on bent tubes, and the bent tube  10  will be clamped in a fixed position to allow the die  30  to do its work. 
         [0046]    With reference to  FIGS. 3-5 , there are illustrated aspects of forming a second tube  40  having a mating end to match and be joined to beaded end of tube  10 . More particularly, formation of a mating part to be joined to the substantially circular bead  22  at the curling end  12  of tube  10 . Second tube  40  extends between distal end  41  and join or mating end  42 . 
         [0047]    With reference to  FIG. 3 , in a first step the mating or join end  42  of tube  40  is forced against a first die  60 . Again, the relative movement of tube  40  to die  60  might occur in a variety of ways. Such relative movement, however, flares a length of tube  40  at end  42  radially outward. Such length of tube  40  preferably corresponds to that necessary to form a seat for the bead  22  of tube  10 . 
         [0048]    With reference to  FIG. 4 , in a second step the mating or join end  42  of tube  40  is forced through a plurality of dies  62 ,  64 , and  66 . The dies  62 ,  64  and  66  induce the mating or join end  42  of tube  40  to flow into the shape of a seat  52  as illustrated in  FIG. 5 . Seat  52  includes a substantially axially facing portion  56  and a substantially radially facing lip portion  54 . 
         [0049]    With reference to  FIGS. 6-8 , there is illustrated one embodiment of a joint of the present invention having a long lip portion with no lock. A first tube  110  has a distal end  111  and a join end  112 . The tip of join end  112  curls radially outward and around to contact the outer surface of the wall  114  to form a substantially circular bead  122 . The second tube  140  extends between a distal end  141  and a join end  142 . Join end  142  includes a lip portion  154  and a seat portion  156 . The seat portion  156  preferably substantially conforms to the external surface of the circular bead  122 . The two tubes are positioned so that the bead  122  of the first tube  110  preferably directly contacts the seat portion  156  of join end  142  of second tube  140 . 
         [0050]    With reference to  FIGS. 9-11  there are illustrated three additional embodiments of a joint having a dimple lock, full lock, and V-band lock, respectively. In each of  FIGS. 9-11  like reference numerals are the same as those used previously. That is to say, as in  FIGS. 1-2 , the first tube  10  has a tip at join end  12  that curls radially outward and around to contact the outer surface of the wall  14  to form a substantially circular bead  22 . 
         [0051]    With reference to  FIG. 9  there is illustrated a dimple lock joint between a first tube  10  and a second tube  240 . The second tube  240  extends between a distal end and a join end  242 . Join end  242  includes a lip portion  254  and a seat portion  256 . The seat portion  256  substantially conforms to the external surface of the circular bead  22 . The two tubes are positioned so that the bead  22  of the first tube  10  directly contacts the seat portion  256  of join end  242  of second tube  240 . At or substantially adjacent to the tip of join end  242  of tube  240  is a radially inwardly protruding dimple  247  formed after the two tubes are positioned together. The dimple  247  acts as a lock to prevent separation of the joined tubes. 
         [0052]    With reference to  FIG. 10  there is illustrated a full lock joint between a first tube  10  and a second tube  340 . The second tube  340  extends between a distal end and a join end  342 . Join end  342  includes a lip portion  354  and a seat portion  356 . The seat portion  356  substantially conforms to the external surface of the circular bead  22 . The two tubes are positioned so that the bead  22  of the first tube  10  directly contacts the seat portion  356  of join end  342  of second tube  340 . Additionally, the lip portion  354  curves radially inward and preferably also substantially conforms to the external surface of the circular bead. The combination of the seat portion  356  and the lip portion  354  of join end  342  of the second tube overlap one hundred eighty degrees or more of the circumference of the external surface of the bead  22 , acting as a lock to prevent separation of the joined tubes. 
         [0053]    With reference to  FIG. 11  there is illustrated a V-band lock joint between a first tube  10  and a second tube  440 . The second tube  440  extends between a distal end and a join end  442 . Join end  442  includes a seat portion  456  and might also include a short lip portion. The seat portion  456  substantially conforms to the external surface of the circular bead  22 . The two tubes are positioned so that the bead  22  of the first tube  10  directly contacts the seat portion  456  of join end  442  of second tube  440 . Additionally, a V-band clamp  500  axially and radially overlaps the join end  442  and bead  22  of join end  12 . The combination of the seat  456  directly contacting the bead  22  and the V-band clamp that encompasses substantially all of the join ends  12  and  442  acts as a lock to prevent separation of the joined tubes. 
         [0054]    With reference to  FIGS. 12-13 , there are illustrated aspects of one style of a V-band clamp  500 . Clamp  500  includes a band  510  having a nominal diameter  505 . Band  510  further encloses retainer  520  that is in three pieces. The clamp  500  further includes a T-bolt  530 , trunnion  540  and nut  550 . 
         [0055]    With reference to  FIG. 14 , there are illustrated aspects of another style of a V-band clamp  600 . Clamp  600  includes a band  610  having a nominal diameter  605 . The clamp  600  further includes a T-bolt  630 , trunnion  640  and nut  650 . Clamp  600  further includes a self-centering flanged floating bridge  660 . 
         [0056]    With reference to  FIG. 15 , there are illustrated aspects of another style of a V-band clamp  700 . Clamp  700  includes a band  710  having a nominal diameter  705 . The clamp  700  further includes a T-bolt  730 , trunnion  740 , nut  750 , and spring  770 . The nut  750  is illustrated in the torqued state. 
         [0057]    The above described bands are preferably stainless steel bands and have full rounded edges. The fasteners are preferably stainless steel and rated for 800° F. The nuts should not loosen when the clamp is subjected to vibration. The trunnion of the clamp preferably does not contact the clamp band or loop in the assembled and torqued condition. 
         [0058]    The above described full lock and V-band lock embodiments have been reduced to practice and found to provide substantially leak free joints. The V-band connection might be preferred in some commercial applications because it is removable. However, a permanent joint might be preferred in other commercial applications in which it is considered more important to eliminate the clamp cost. Tubes and accompanying joints of the present invention in engine exhaust systems are preferably made of stainless steel which makes for a very difficult part to form. 
         [0059]    “Tube” has the common dictionary meaning of a hollow cylinder, and includes “pipe”, “duct” and similar terms. No particular cross-section is implied by the term, but commonly a tube is of circular cross-section, and the discussion above will refer to such tubes. It will be evident from the discussion that tubes of non-circular cross-section, for example oval cross-section, can also be releasably connected with the clamped tube joint and method of this invention. The clamped tube joint of this invention is particularly adaptable to joining exhaust system components. Further, while tubes are generally of constant or relatively constant diameter, the word “tube” as used in this application also includes tubes having diameters varying along their length. 
         [0060]    While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, the same is to be considered as illustrative and not restrictive in character, it being understood that only the preferred embodiments have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the inventions are desired to be protected. It should be understood that while the use of words such as preferable, preferably, preferred or more preferred utilized in the description above indicate that the feature so described may be more desirable, it nonetheless may not be necessary and embodiments lacking the same may be contemplated as within the scope of the invention, the scope being defined by the claims that follow. In reading the claims, it is intended that when words such as “a,” “an,” “at least one,” or “at least one portion” are used there is no intention to limit the claim to only one item unless specifically stated to the contrary in the claim. When the language “at least a portion” and/or “a portion” is used the item can include a portion and/or the entire item unless specifically stated to the contrary.