Abstract:
A real time continuous data inputting, processing, scanning and displaying system for financial data and inputting variable boundaries of data for a variety of desired data characteristics. The process displays when the data characteristics fall outside their respective variable boundaries. Real time financial markets data and conventional data inputs are input into the system which is comprised of conventional and new computer processor enabled processes, clusters of central processing units, a report writer, terminal device, data disk, and interface. The data disks and real time financial market data and conventional data inputs and outputs are continuously referenced during the scanning process for exceptions to the boundaries of desired data characteristics.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is entitled to the benefit of Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/218,450, filed Jul. 14, 2000. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND-FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This invention relates to real time continuous data processing for investment portfolios and continuously displaying data and exceptions to predetermined portfolio guidelines 
     BACKGROUND-DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR ART 
     Financial services companies, investors and their suppliers commonly use a process that is manually initiated to periodically analyze and monitor characteristics of portfolios on a post performance, ad hoc basis with primarily arbitrary outcomes. In addition, measuring consists primarily of investment performance and risk calculations while additional information, vital to assessing trends in portfolio additions and deletions and their impact on the portfolio, are not considered. Portfolio analyses are conducted and reviewed on a random basis, manually initiated, generally monthly or quarterly, well after the fact and not while the portfolio is being built and managed. 
     Given this, investment managers, be they self directed, outsourced or provided internally by a company, basically “work in the dark” with investors not being aware of errors and mistakes until long after the fact and too late to take action. Further, continuous awareness and analysis of impact of fluctuations in world financial markets are not enjoyed by practitioners. 
     The current methodology presents still further problems for investors and investment managers alike. These problems include poor quality and reliability of results of portfolio and account analyses, lack of timely notification when investors get off track in meeting investment goals, when and how portfolio characteristics are changing against boundaries, when an investment manager deviates from their decision making model or investment philosophy, when to replace a manager or make changes in the portfolio composition before it is too late and minimize losses, and when and how to fine-tune the portfolio or investment process or both. 
     SUMMARY 
     This invention relates to computer processor enabled system for continuous real time data receiving, processing, analyzing, counting and scanning of the results of analyses and characteristics of investment portfolios, investment accounts, and securities, against predetermined data boundaries and displaying when exceptions to the boundaries occur. 
     OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES 
     Accordingly, several objects and advantages of my system are that they automate portfolio analysis to continuous providing for consistent, high quality and most reliable outcomes and results. The system to use more information more often and therefore output vital information to assess trends in the impact of portfolio additions and subtractions and price activities or fluctuations in world financial markets, or both, on the portfolio. 
     The system to provide for processing data automatically and continuously as the portfolio is being managed and displaying when an exception occurs in the portfolio, against predetermined boundaries. This to provide for immediate realization of mistakes or errors made by portfolio managers, allowing investors to be the first to know when they get off track in meeting financial goals and objectives or when a manager deviates from their decision making process or investment philosophy. 
     My system to provide for when and how to make changes in the portfolio and fine-tune the process before it is too late to minimize losses and minimizing overall investment mistakes against predetermined boundaries. 
     Other objects and advantages are to provide for more efficient and effective economical business and operating models by those that build, maintain and monitor portfolios or retain or replace third party managers, or any combination; to benefit a very large market consisting of investors worldwide; to satisfy a tremendous psychological and economic need of all investors to be in the know immediately when their portfolio falls outside of predetermined; to provide for labor, time and cost savings of the users; to provide for a more convenient and easier to use system for portfolio and continuous scanning and displaying; and to provide for automation of a manual process. 
     Additional objects and advantages of the system is the ability to provide for acceleration of process to continuous; to provide for reliability, precision, attentiveness and thoroughness in the investment management process; to provide for minimization of errors in investment management; to provide for compatibility with existing data sources and analytical tools; to provide for no inertia to be overcome for use; to provide for ease of promotion and grasp of benefit; to provide for use in an existing market benefiting mankind; to provide an enhancement to the trust between investors and portfolio managers; to provide for the acceleration of the rebalancing decision; and to provide for acceleration of the reallocation decision. 
     Still, further objects and advantages are to provide for acceleration of short fall risk (ahead or behind in goals); to provide for leveraging good investment decisions if within boundaries; to provide for relief of the arduous and daunting task of monitoring and analyzing investment portfolios; to provide for more cost effective distribution for investment managers; to provide for ongoing validity of the composition and structure of a client&#39;s total portfolio; to provide for more and more timely and high quality communications between investors and managers; to provide for determination if investment policy is realistic against actual performance over the long term; to provide for objective, consistently applied approach to manager and evaluation; to provide for tracking error minimization; to provide for better tax efficiency; to provide for motivation to managers to think profoundly about portfolio return on an investor basis; to provide for higher probability of achieving desired returns, goals and objectives; to provide for immediate awareness of changes in decision making process and investment philosophy. 
     Finally, still further objects and advantages of my invention will become apparent from a consideration of the drawings and ensuing description. 
    
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       In the drawings, closely related Figs have the same number but different alphabetic suffixes. 
         FIGS. 1A to 1D  shows various components of the system. 
         FIG. 2  shows the revolving cycle of data and information flow. 
         FIG. 3  shows the flowchart of the process for inputting, identifying, counting, and displaying exceptions to predetermined data boundaries (i.e. the exceptions process). 
         FIG. 4  shows the system for investment portfolios and is manual. 
         FIG. 5  shows the system for investment portfolios, is manual and includes an interface. 
         FIG. 6  shows the system for investment portfolios, is manual and includes an interface and World Wide Web. 
         FIG. 7  shows the system for investment portfolios, is manual and includes the World Wide Web. 
         FIG. 8  shows the real time continuous system which is applied to any data input. 
         FIG. 9  shows the real time continuous system which is applied to any data input and includes an interface. 
         FIG. 10  shows the real time continuous system which is applied to any data input and includes the World Wide Web. 
         FIG. 11  shows the real time continuous system which is applied to any data input and includes an interface and World Wide Web. 
         FIG. 12  shows the real time continuous system which is designed for investment portfolios and includes an interface. 
     
    
    
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           14  continuous data inputs 
           16  interface 
           18  Central Processing Unit 
           20  data disk 
           22  pricing and security attribute inputs 
           24  process that controls and directs the apparatus for processing 
           26  exceptions reporting via the World Wide Web 
           28  process to access data on data disk 
           30  World Wide Web 
           32  process for computerized apparatus to store process results 
           34  report writer 
           36  device to continuously display exceptions results 
           38  World Wide Web application server 
           40  security firewall for the website 
           42  conventional portfolio accounting process 
           44  reporting process 
           46  conventional performance attribution process 
           48  conventional risk analysis process 
           50  continuous scanning for Exceptions and displaying exceptions process in C++ 
           52  batch import process 
       
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     FIGS.  1 A- 1 D,  3   
     Preferred Embodiment of My System 
     A preferred embodiment is illustrated in  FIGS. 1A-1D ,  3 . The system has continuous data inputs  14  from multiple sources. These sources include investment managers, custodians of securities, transfer agents, real time financial markets data, and vendors of data, or any combination. These inputs consist of desired data characteristics of the portfolio, boundaries for each of the desired data characteristics of the portfolio, security data, portfolio data, trade data, position data, quantity data, account data, all validated and reconciled, and are connected to an apparatus for continuous processing via interface process  16  via a transmission of data in a batch import process  52 . 
     Interface  16  provides automated data retrieval, validation, and correct and timely import format into conventional portfolio accounting process  42 . Interface  16  consists of code logic, test logic, inputs data repository, processing logic, and data destination fields. A pricing and financial markets and securities data input  22  is used to continuously update prices and data to the system and is connected to transmit data. The portfolio accounting process  42  continuously process additions and deletions and price changes, and calculates investment performance data. 
     Multiple dedicated central processing units  18  with enough data disk  20  and enough memory and processing capacity and capability are used to enable the continuous process. These processes include a process for controlling and directing the units for processing  24 , a method to access data  28  on disk  20 , and a continuous reporting process  44  which configures the data output for reporting purposes. Further, additional processes include a conventional performance attribution process  46  which continuously processes data and calculates the sources of performance from asset allocation, security selection, market timing, and interaction among these and enabled by unit  18 , a conventional risk analysis process  48  for continuously processing data and calculating risk and enabled by unit  18 , and a “rules” or exceptions process  50  for processing and scanning characteristics of the portfolio, and displaying exceptions to predetermined data boundaries and enabled by unit  18 . 
     A storing process  32  is used for units  18  to store this output. This output is received by the data disk  20  and displayed by device for display  36 . Data  26  is the resulting exceptions to boundaries data. A World Wide Web or Internet is  30 . A report writer  34  is used to translate accounting, performance attribution, risk, and exception data from text file or table format to HTML format. Also needed is a World Wide Web application server  38  and World Wide Web security firewall  40 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the establishment and revolving cycle of data flow used for initial data input and resulting data output. 
       FIG. 3  illustrates the process  50  flowchart for continuously processing, scanning, identifying, and counting exceptions to boundaries and continuously displaying the exceptions to the boundaries. This processing method is continuous and enabled by units  18 . 
     Operation of my System— FIGS. 1A-1D ,  3   
     Predetermined desired characteristics of portfolios and their respective target ranges or boundaries, all based on portfolio guidelines, in the form of data for the investment securities, accounts, and portfolios are entered into the data boundaries process  50 . These boundaries are based on the objectives and goals of the investor. Specifically, they include, but are not limited, to
         a) Short term gains and losses   b) Long term gains and losses   c) Limitation on any special groupings   d) Tracking error   e) Risk   f) Portfolio turnover   g) Investment philosophy of the investment manager or investor if self directed (characteristics may include but not be limited to market cap, growth and profitability measures, valuation ratios, economic sector weightings, earnings and price volatility statistics)   h) Decision making model of the investment manager or investor if self directed (characteristics may include but not be limited to market cap, growth and profitability measures, valuation ratios, economic sector weightings, earnings and price volatility statistics, dividend yield, projections, revenues, roe, etc.)   i) Cash positions   j) Performance attribution   k) Changes in sources of return or loss   l) Number of exceptions allowed by desired characteristic and overall   m) Tracking error v. comparable capital market styles and sub-styles   n) Age of each issue entering the portfolio (new issue or existing)   o) Number of positions   p) U.S. or applicable state tax regulations or both   q) Asset allocation   r) Portfolio return       

     Next, my system receives data inputs  14  from the investor&#39;s investment managers, custodians of securities, transfer agents, and vendors of data, or any combination, via batch import process  52 . These data inputs consist of real time financial markets data security data, portfolio data, trade data, position data, quantity data, account data, all validated and reconciled, upon confirmation, and are connected via interface  16 . 
     Next, the interface  16  provides automated data retrieval, validation, and correct and timely import format into the conventional portfolio accounting process  42 . The interface  16  consists of code logic, test logic, inputs data repository, processing logic, and data destination fields. The process  42  then processes data for additions and deletions in an account or portfolio or both, and therefore calculates investment performance. 
     Multiple dedicated central processing units  18  with enough memory and processing capacity and capability to enable the continuous performance of the process  42  are used. Conventional processes include a reporting process  44  which configures the data output for reporting purposes and a conventional performance attribution process  46  which calculates the sources of performance between asset allocation, 
     Operation of My System—Continued 
     security selection, market timing, and interaction among these. Further, a conventional risk analysis process  48  for calculating risk, and a “rules” or exceptions process  50  for continuous processing and scanning characteristics of the portfolio and counting and displaying exceptions to predetermined data boundaries and counting and displaying exceptions to exceptions of exceptions of boundaries as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The process  42  is performed first using the output from interface  16  and a pricing and data inputs  22 . Next, the risk analysis process  48  is performed using the output from the interface  16  and the process  42 . Next, the process  46  is performed, using the output from the interface  16 , process  48 , and process  42 . Next, a collective data from all these processes are received by the central processing units  18 . Next, process  50  is performed scanning the output from the interface  16 , process  48 , process  46 , and process  42  to find and display exceptions to the predetermined boundaries. 
       FIG. 3  process  50  with examples of portfolio characteristics: 
     First for performance v. the benchmark, conventional portfolio performance is calculated and compared to benchmark performance and displayed and stored; the difference in this amount, known as the tracking error, is displayed and stored. Amount of portfolio performance that is above or below benchmark performance=tracking error. If this comparison results in a tracking error outside the predetermined data boundaries, this is an exception and the process displays the result (the tracking error) and the result is stored. 
     Second for changes in sectors or any special groupings, each addition or deletion or both to the portfolio is categorized by economic sector or special grouping(s), or both, and its market value obtained from a third party data inputs and added to the existing values of issues in the same sector or special grouping(s) for a total value and displayed and stored. This total value is then compared to the value before the additions or deletions or both. An exception is created if this value is not within the predetermined boundaries. If the total value is an exception, the program displays the result and the result is stored. 
     Third for tax efficiency as the gain or loss is calculated and determined to be a short term or long-term gain or loss per U.S. or applicable state tax regulations or both. Exceptions are created and reported and stored if the amount(s) previously described and calculated upon each additions or deletions or both do not equal the amount previous to the additions or deletions or both and outside the predetermined boundaries, and if so, are reported and stored. 
     Fourth for top sources of return or loss given that after each addition or deletion or both, a performance attribution analyses is performed including but not limited to allocation, selection, interaction, and active management for any special groupings or single issues or both. Each of these areas is displayed and stored for the top five sources of return or losses for each (allocation, selection, etc.) and for the portfolio overall with respective data boundaries for each. 
     Fifth for changes in sources of return or loss given that after each addition or deletions or both, a performance attribution analyses is performed including but not limited to allocation, selection, interaction, and active management for any special groupings or single issues or both. Each of these areas is displayed and stored for the top five sources of return or losses for each (allocation, selection, etc.). Next, the results in each desired characteristic are compared to the values, groupings, etc after the previous analyses. Exceptions are created and reported and stored if the amount(s) previously described and calculated upon each additions or deletions or both do not equal the amount previous to the additions or deletions or both and outside the predetermined boundaries, and if so, are reported and stored. 
     Sixth for Risk as it is conventionally calculated and compared to the risk prior to the additions or deletions or both and displayed and stored; the difference in this amount is displayed and stored. If the additions or deletions or both in the portfolio results in an increase or decrease in risk and outside the predetermined boundaries, the program displays the exception and reports it and is displayed and stored. 
     Seventh for changes in cash positions as cash amount is compared to amount previous to the additions or deletions or both and displayed and stored. If the additions or deletions or both in the portfolio results in an amount not equal to the predetermined 
     Operation of My System—Continued 
     amount and within the boundaries, the program displays the exception and reports it by amount and displayed and stored. 
     Eighth for investment philosophy and decision making model as each component of the investment philosophy or decision making model or both is compared to the boundaries; if an exception is created if the characteristics of the existing securities, additions or deletions or both are outside the predetermined boundaries, it is reported, displayed and stored. 
     Ninth for the number of exceptions created as the number of times an exception is created for each characteristic and the number of consecutive exceptions for each characteristic are counted and if outside predetermined boundaries, are displayed and stored. 
     Tenth for portfolio turnover as portfolio turnover annualized is conventionally calculated and compared to the amount of target turnover annualized previous to the additions or deletions or both and displayed and stored. If the additions or deletions or both results in an annualized amount not equal to the portfolio target amount annualized and outside the predetermined boundaries, an exception is displayed and stored. 
     Eleventh for number of positions as a count is made of the number of positions in the portfolio upon the additions or deletions or both and compared to the predetermined boundaries of positions and displayed and stored. If the number of positions does not equal the number prior to the additions or deletions or both and outside the predetermined boundaries, the program displays the exception and reports it by amount and displayed and stored. 
     Twelfth for portfolio return in that performance annualized is conventionally calculated and compared to the target range return and displayed and stored. If the performance of the portfolio does not equal the target performance, the program displays the exception and reports it by amount and displayed and stored. This step also includes full portfolio attribution including allocation, selection, interaction, and active management. 
     Thirteenth for asset allocation given that after each addition or deletion, or both, asset allocation is refigured by the third party system and reported and stored. This total value and value for each asset class and style and substyle and cash is then compared to the value(s) before the additions or deletions or both. An exception is created if this value is not equal to the prior value before the additions or deletions or both and outside the predetermined boundaries. If the total value is an exception, the program displays the result and the result is stored. 
     Fourteenth for new issues given that after each addition or deletion, or both, is identified as to whether or not it is a new or existing issue. If it is a new issue, the program signals this and stores the signal (results) and reports that a new issue has entered the portfolio. This signal is added to previous signals in order for a running count to be kept of the number of issues that entered the portfolio(s) when they were new. 
     This output is received by and stored in the data warehouse  18 . Data  26  is the resulting exceptions data to boundaries data and a result of process  50 . 
       FIG. 3  process  50  refers to additions or subtractions, or both, in the portfolio and pricing data on financial markets and continuously identifies exceptions to the previously determined boundaries of data characteristics (category). Further, it stores the results, displays results, counts the number of consecutive exceptions to each boundary and stores the results; if the number of consecutive exceptions does not exceed the predetermined exceptions to exceptions threshold, then the process is repeated; if the number of consecutive exceptions does exceed the predetermined exceptions to exceptions threshold, then the results are displayed by data characteristics or category; if the number of consecutive exceptions to predetermined exceptions to exceptions boundaries exceeds the threshold count, the characteristics are displayed, the process then counts the number of characteristics outside the exceptions to exceptions and stores the results and displays the number of characteristics in which exceptions to exceptions have been exceeded; the process is repeated unless financial markets close. 
     The report writer  34  is used to translate final accounting, performance attribution, risk, and exception data from text file or table format from the data disk  20  to HTML format. This HTML format data is then processed by the World Wide Web 
     Operation of my System—Continued 
     service application  38  and available through the World Wide Web firewall  40 . The data can be obtained upon receiving a signal via the World Wide Web when an exception to predetermined boundaries occurs. The process, beginning with “The portfolio accounting process  42  is run first”, is real time continuous.
 
 FIGS. 4-12 
 
     Additional Embodiments 
     Additional embodiments of my system are shown in  FIGS. 4-12 . In  FIG. 4  the system is designed for investment portfolios and is manual; in  FIG. 5  the system is designed for investment portfolios, is manual and includes an interface; in  FIG. 6 , the system is designed for investment portfolios, is manual and includes an interface and World Wide Web; in  FIG. 7 , system is designed for investment portfolios, is manual and includes the World Wide Web; in  FIG. 8  the system is real time continuous and can be applied to any data input; in  FIG. 9  the system is real time continuous and can be applied to any data input and includes an interface; in  FIG. 10  the system is real time continuous and can be applied to any data input and includes the World Wide Web; in  FIG. 11  the system is real time continuous and can be applied to any data input and includes an interface and World Wide Web; and  FIG. 12  the system is real time continuous and can be applied to any data input and is designed for investment portfolios and includes an interface. 
     CONCLUSION, RAMIFICATIONS, AND SCOPE 
     Accordingly, the reader will see that my system provides for a highly reliable, thorough and attentive system in determining and displaying when portfolios fall outside predetermined boundaries, thus enabling investors to know when they get off track in meeting investment goals, or when an investment manager deviates from the decision making model, or both. 
     Additionally, my system provides for input, output, and use of information heretofore not continuously used in the process and allows the user to continuously assess trends in the impact of portfolio activities or fluctuations in prices in world financial markets, or both, on the investment portfolio. It also provides for immediate awareness of when and how to fine-tune the investment management process before it is too late to minimize losses. 
     Furthermore, my system has the additional advantages in that 
     a) it provides for more economical business operating models and 
     b) it provides for worldwide application, benefiting mankind and 
     c) it provides for significant timesavings and 
     d) it provides for a more convenient and easier way to monitor and scan investment portfolios and compatibility with existing data and analytical process and tools and 
     e) it provides for acceleration of the portfolio rebalance or reallocation decision, or both and awareness of shortfall risk and 
     f) it provides for a consistent approach to investment manager evaluation and selection and replacement and 
     g) it provides for greater tax efficiency. 
     While my above description contains many specificities, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of one preferred embodiment thereof. Many other variations are possible. For example, a system for portfolios, the system for portfolios and an interface, the system for portfolios and an interface and World Wide Web for distributing results, the system for portfolios and World Wide Web for distributing results, system for continuous real time capability for portfolios, the system for continuous real time portfolios and an interface, the system for continuous real time portfolios and an interface and World Wide Web for distribution of results, the system for continuous real time portfolios and World Wide Web for distribution of results. 
     Accordingly, the scope of my system should be determined not by the embodiment(s) described, but by the appended claims and their legal equivalents. 
     SEQUENCE LISTING 
     Non-applicable