Abstract:
An apparatus and method are disclosed for applying fertilizer, weed killer, pesticides, and other botanical treatment liquids through an in-ground irrigation system using an inexpensive, easily installed apparatus with exchangeable treatment containers. An adaptor connects in series with an irrigation pipe and supports an inverted treatment container. Treatment liquid enters the irrigation system due to gravity, Venturi effect suction, a pressure differential caused by a constriction in the adaptor, and/or a diverter that diverts water into the container. Embodiments include a cap for sealing the adaptor, a barrier with a hole that controls treatment dispensing rate, a constriction for increased Venturi suction, and/or a protrusion that penetrates a membrane seal on a pre-filled container. Treatment liquid can be dispensed from a collapsible bag inside the treatment container. Embodiments with large containers include structural reinforcements or separate supporting stands. Some embodiments include a closable chamber that protects the apparatus from weather.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation in part entitled to the benefit of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/983,658 entitled “Liquid Fertilizer, Weed Killer, and Pesticide Application Device Using Exchangeable Containers Connected to an Irrigation System”, filed Nov. 10, 2007, herein incorporated by reference. All of the new matter included in this continuation in part is disclosed in  FIG. 8A  through  FIG. 9  and in the sections of the specification that directly pertain thereto. Only claims  20 - 25  pertain to the new matter. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The invention generally relates to applying fertilizer, weed killer, pesticides and other liquid botanical treatments, and more specifically to apparatus and methods for applying such treatments through residential and commercial irrigation systems. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    In many climates throughout the world, irrigation is required to enable lawns, shrubbery, trees, agricultural crops, and other plant life to survive and flourish. Small areas are typically irrigated by hand using a flexible hose or like means, while larger areas are often irrigated by a source of water supplied at an elevated pressure and distributed to the plant life through a system of rigid or semi-rigid pipes terminated by sprinklers, drip nozzles, and/or other outlets. 
         [0004]    Irrigated areas typically range from very small patches of land to larger areas of landscaping surrounding homes, apartment complexes, schools, industrial parks, and golf courses. Even larger tracts of land are irrigated for agricultural purposes. 
         [0005]    In addition to water, the application of fertilizer, weed killer, pesticides, and other treatment liquids is often desirable to further enhance the health and growth of plant life. These are often applied by specialized equipment that is costly and labor intensive, and can also lead to unwanted exposure of the user to fertilizer, weed killer, pesticide, and/or other treatment liquids. In some cases, each application of treatment liquid requires the services of a gardener, crop duster, or other professional, further increasing the cost. 
         [0006]    For small areas that are irrigated by hand using hoses, devices are well known that attach to the end of a hose and automatically mix fertilizer or another treatment liquid or solid with water flowing from the hose. Many of these devices use exchangeable treatment containers and/or containers that minimize or eliminate exposure of the user to the treatment materials. However, this approach involves significant manual labor and is not practical for larger land areas that are normally irrigated by a system of rigid or semi-rigid pipes terminated by sprinklers, drip nozzles, and/or other outlets. 
         [0007]    Approaches are also known that use refillable tanks to contain treatment liquids and introduce them into rigid or semi-rigid pipes carrying irrigation water. However, these approaches are generally expensive and difficult to install, clean, and maintain. Also, the process of refilling them typically includes the risk of exposing the user to treatment chemicals. Finally, many of these approaches include complicated systems of valves and/or other actuators that further increase the cost, the likelihood of failure, and the difficulty of repair. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0008]    An apparatus and method of use are disclosed for introducing botanical treatment liquid into an irrigation system. The apparatus includes a water pipe adaptor that can be connected in series with a water pipe in the irrigation system, and a treatment liquid input port that extends at an at least partly upward angle from the water pipe adaptor. The apparatus further includes an exchangeable treatment liquid container that can be connected to the treatment liquid input port so as to introduce treatment liquid into the irrigation system. In various preferred embodiments, the treatment liquid is introduced into the flow of water due to gravity, due to a Venturi effect suction generated by water flowing through the water pipe adaptor, due to a constriction in the water pipe adaptor that causes a pressure differential above and below the constriction, and/or a water diverter that protrudes into the flow of water and diverts some of the water into the treatment liquid container. In preferred embodiments, the apparatus is consumer friendly and inexpensive to connect to existing irrigation systems, such as residential irrigation systems, and is compatible with standard pipe sizes from one-half inch to six inches in diameter. 
         [0009]    Preferred embodiments of the apparatus include a replacement cap that can be connected by watertight means to the treatment liquid input port so as to seal the treatment liquid input port when a treatment liquid container is not connected thereto. In further preferred embodiments, the treatment liquid container connects to the treatment liquid input port by means of a threaded connection and a sealing washer and/or the treatment liquid container is made from plastic and/or is disposable. In still further preferred embodiments, the treatment liquid container is either collapsible or contains the treatment liquid in an inner collapsible bag or membrane, thereby allowing either the container itself (in the first instance) or the bag or membrane (in the second instance) to collapse as treatment liquid contained therein enters the irrigation system. 
         [0010]    In some preferred embodiments where the treatment liquid container is pre-filled with liquid fertilizer, weed killer, pesticide, or another botanical treatment liquid, it is also sealed by a breakable membrane, and in some of these embodiments the treatment liquid input port includes at least one protrusion that breaks the membrane when the treatment liquid container is attached, thereby allowing the pre-filled liquid to flow into the water pipe adaptor. In some of these embodiments, the protrusion is part of a barrier inside of the treatment liquid input port, and there is a hole near the tip of the protrusion that allows treatment liquid to flow from the treatment liquid container through the hole and into the irrigation system at a desired rate. 
         [0011]    In preferred embodiments, the treatment liquid input port of the water pipe adaptor includes a barrier that is penetrated by at least one treatment hole, so as to allow treatment liquid to flow from the treatment liquid container through the hole and into the irrigation system at a desired rate. In some of these embodiments the desired rate causes the entire volume of the treatment liquid container to enter the irrigation system in approximately 10 minutes. In other of these preferred embodiments the at least one treatment hole is located near the center of the barrier, where the Venturi effect suction is strongest, and at least one vent hole is located near the perimeter of the barrier, where the Venturi effect is weaker, so as to allow air and water from the irrigation system to flow into the treatment liquid container and displace treatment liquid as it flows into the irrigation system. 
         [0012]    In some preferred embodiments where the pipe diameter, wall thickness, and material provide sufficient strength, the weight of the treatment liquid container is supported by its connection to the treatment liquid input port. In some of these preferred embodiments, the treatment liquid input port includes structural reinforcements that help it to support the weight of the treatment liquid container. These embodiments typically include pipes with diameters that range from one-half inch to three-quarters of an inch. In other preferred embodiments, the apparatus includes a supporting stand that rests on the ground, a slab, or some other structure, or is otherwise supported by something other than the treatment liquid input port. 
         [0013]    In preferred embodiments, at least one apparatus of the present invention is contained within a chamber that at least partly protects the at least one apparatus from the weather, and in some of these embodiments the chamber includes a closable lid and/or is located at least partly below grade. 
         [0014]    In some preferred embodiments, the treatment liquid container has a capacity of 20 ounces or more, and/or the water pipe adaptor can be connected in series with a one-half inch water pipe, a three-quarters inch water pipe, a one inch water pipe, or another standard water pipe size up to six inches or more. 
         [0015]    In preferred embodiments a constriction is included in the water pipe adaptor. The constriction divides the water pipe adaptor into an upstream region and a downstream region, and causes the water pressure to be higher in the upstream region then in the downstream region when water flows through the water pipe adaptor. A water inlet channel is included that is configured to allow water to flow from the upstream region into the treatment liquid container when the treatment liquid container is connected to the treatment liquid input port, and a treatment liquid outlet channel is included that is configured so as to allow treatment liquid to flow from the treatment liquid container into the downstream region when the treatment liquid container is connected to the treatment liquid input port. 
         [0016]    In some of these embodiments the constriction is a tapered constriction with an opening that varies over the length of the constriction, while in other of these embodiments the constriction is an annular constriction. 
         [0017]    In certain of these embodiments the treatment liquid container includes a collapsible treatment liquid compartment that is configured so as to collapse and thereby dispense treatment liquid into the treatment liquid outlet channel when water flows from the water inlet channel into a space within the treatment liquid container that surrounds the collapsible treatment liquid compartment. 
         [0018]    In various of these embodiments the water inlet channel and/or the treatment liquid outlet channel is able to penetrate a membrane sealing the treatment liquid container when the treatment liquid container is attached to the treatment liquid input port. 
         [0019]    And in other of these embodiments a water inlet diverter is included that is located within the upstream region and configured so as to intercept a portion of the water flowing through the water pipe adaptor and divert the portion of the water into the water inlet channel. 
         [0020]    The method of the invention includes providing an apparatus as described above, including a treatment liquid container that is at least partly filled with treatment liquid, connecting the water pipe adaptor in series with a water pipe of the irrigation system, connecting the treatment liquid container to the treatment liquid container port, and operating the irrigation system, so as to cause treatment liquid to be combined with irrigation water and applied to plant life served by the irrigation system. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is a side view of an embodiment that includes the basic elements of the apparatus; 
           [0022]      FIG. 2  is a side view of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 1 , including structural reinforcements and a threaded connection between the treatment liquid container and the treatment liquid input port; 
           [0023]      FIG. 3A  is a side view of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 2 , except that the threaded connection has the opposite gender; 
           [0024]      FIG. 3B  is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 3A , with the treatment liquid container removed and a replacement cap positioned in preparation for attachment to the treatment liquid input port; 
           [0025]      FIG. 3C  is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 3B , with the replacement cap attached to the treatment liquid input port; 
           [0026]      FIG. 4A  is a side view of a barrier that includes a protrusion for breaking a membrane sealing a treatment liquid container, wherein the protrusion includes a treatment hole at the center, and the barrier includes vent holes near the perimeter; 
           [0027]      FIG. 4B  is a side view of a treatment liquid input port with the barrier of  FIG. 4A  installed; 
           [0028]      FIG. 4C  is a side view of a treatment liquid container that includes a collapsible treatment liquid compartment that collapses as liquid contained in the treatment liquid container flows into the irrigation system. 
           [0029]      FIG. 5A  is a side view of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 2 , except that the water pipe adaptor includes a constriction so as to increase the water flow rate and thereby increase the Venturi effect suction applied to the treatment liquid, and except that the structural reinforcements are larger and can support a heavier treatment liquid container; 
           [0030]      FIG. 5B  is a front view of  FIG. 5A ; 
           [0031]      FIG. 5C  is a side view of a replacement cap for the embodiment of  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B ; 
           [0032]      FIG. 5D  is a top view of the replacement cap of  FIG. 5C ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 5E  is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B  with the treatment liquid container removed and the replacement cap of  FIG. 5D  and  FIG. 5E  installed; 
           [0034]      FIG. 6A  is a side view of an apparatus of the invention installed in series with a vertical pipe of a sprinkler irrigation system; 
           [0035]      FIG. 6B  is a side view of an apparatus of the invention installed in series with a horizontal pipe in a sprinkler irrigation system; 
           [0036]      FIG. 6C  is a side view of an apparatus of the invention installed in series with a horizontal pipe below grade in a sprinkler irrigation system, in an embodiment where the weight of the treatment container is supported by a stand resting on the ground; 
           [0037]      FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of an embodiment in which a chamber located primarily below ground and including a closable lid contains three instances of the apparatus of the invention, each of which includes a stand resting on the bottom of the chamber and supporting the weight of a treatment liquid container; 
           [0038]      FIG. 7B  is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG. 7A ; 
           [0039]      FIG. 8A  is a side view of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 5A , except that separate connecting tubes extend to the liquid treatment liquid container from either side of a tapered constriction, such that a pressure differential due to the constriction causes water to flow through the treatment liquid container; 
           [0040]      FIG. 8B  is a side view of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 8A  that includes a water diverter that diverts water into the treatment liquid container; 
           [0041]      FIG. 8C  is a top view of the constriction of  FIG. 8B , showing the configuration of the water inlet diverter; 
           [0042]      FIG. 8D  is a side view that illustrates the flow of water and treatment liquid through the embodiment of  FIG. 8B ; 
           [0043]      FIG. 8E  is a side view that illustrates the flow of water and treatment liquid in an embodiment that is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 8B , except that the treatment liquid is contained in a collapsible compartment such that treatment liquid flows into the irrigation system as water fills the space surrounding the collapsible compartment and applies pressure to the collapsible compartment; 
           [0044]      FIG. 8F  is a side view of an embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 8B , wherein the distal ends of the connecting tubes are adjacent and protrude into the treatment liquid input port such that they are able to penetrate a breakable membrane that seals the treatment liquid container; 
           [0045]      FIG. 8G  is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 8B , with a partly hollow sealing plug installed that seals the apparatus when not in use while providing space for the protruding ends of the connecting tubes; 
           [0046]      FIG. 8H  is a side view of a preferred embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 6C  in which an annular constriction is included, the water pipe adaptor is below grade, the treatment liquid input port is perpendicular to the water pipe adaptor, and the treatment liquid container is supported above grade by a separate stand resting on the ground; 
           [0047]      FIG. 9A  is a perspective view of an embodiment similar to  FIG. 7A  except that it includes a constriction in the water pipe adapter and a pair of protruding connecting tube ends similar to those shown in  FIG. 8E ; and 
           [0048]      FIG. 9B  is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG. 9A . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0049]    With reference to  FIG. 1 , the apparatus includes a water pipe adaptor  100  that can be glued, threaded, or otherwise connected in series with a water pipe in an irrigation system. A treatment liquid input port  102  extends at least partly upward from the water pipe adaptor, and an exchangeable treatment liquid container  104  can be attached to the treatment liquid input port  102  by a water tight connection  106 , thereby supporting the treatment liquid container in an at least partly inverted orientation so that treatment liquid  108  contained in the treatment liquid container  104  drains toward the water pipe adaptor  100 . In the embodiment of  FIG. 1 , water flowing through the water pipe adaptor past the treatment liquid input port creates a low pressure suction according to the Venturi effect, thereby enhancing the tendency for liquid from the treatment liquid container to flow into the irrigation system. 
         [0050]      FIG. 2  illustrates a preferred embodiment of the present invention wherein a section of a PVC water pipe has been removed and the ends of the remaining pipe have been inserted and glued into the ends  200  of the water pipe adaptor  100 . The connection  106  between the treatment liquid input port  102  and the treatment liquid container  104  includes a female threaded section in the treatment liquid input port that is compatible with a male threaded section at the outlet of the treatment liquid container  104 . A washer  202 , similar to a standard garden hose washer, provides a water tight seal between the treatment liquid container  104  and the treatment liquid input port  102 . 
         [0051]    A disk-shaped barrier  204  partially blocks the flow of liquid into the treatment liquid input port. Treatment liquid flows into the treatment liquid input port  102  through a hole in the barrier  204  that is located near the center, where the Venturi effect suction is strongest. The hole is sized so as to allow the contents of the treatment liquid to flow from the treatment liquid container into the irrigation system at a desired rate, which in some preferred embodiments causes the entire contents of the treatment liquid container to enter the irrigation system in approximately 10 minutes. One or more additional holes are located near the perimeter of the barrier  204 , where the Venturi effect is weaker, so as to allow water and/or air flowing through the irrigation system to enter the treatment liquid container and displace the treatment liquid. 
         [0052]    The embodiment shown in  FIG. 2  includes structural reinforcement  206  that enhances the ability of the treatment liquid input port to support the weight of a treatment liquid container. 
         [0053]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a preferred embodiment that is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , except that the connection  300  between the treatment liquid input port and the treatment liquid container includes a male threaded section on the treatment liquid input port that is compatible with a female threaded section on the outlet of the treatment liquid container.  FIG. 3B  illustrates the same embodiment as  FIG. 3A , in a configuration where the treatment liquid container has been removed and a replacement cap  302  is positioned to be attached to the treatment liquid input port in its place, so as to provide a water tight seal.  FIG. 3C  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 3B  with the replacement cap installed. 
         [0054]    As mentioned with regard to  FIG. 2 , some preferred embodiments include a barrier  204  that partially blocks the flow of liquid into the treatment liquid input port. A hole near the center of the barrier allows treatment liquid to flow into the irrigation system at a desired rate. With reference to  FIG. 4A , in some of these preferred embodiments the barrier  400  includes a protrusion  402  that is shaped and sized so as to break a membrane that seals the outlet of a pre-filled treatment liquid container. In various embodiments, the membrane is made from coated paper, rubber, plastic, or a similar material, and can include scoring to facilitate penetration by the protrusion  402 . In  FIG. 4A , a hole  404  in the center of the protrusion  402  allows liquid from the treatment liquid container to flow into the treatment liquid input port at a desired rate. Additional holes  406  located near the perimeter of the barrier  400 , where there is less Venturi effect suction, allow water and/or air flowing through the irrigation system to enter the treatment liquid container and displace the volume vacated by treatment liquid flowing into the irrigation system. 
         [0055]      FIG. 4B  shows the barrier  400  of  FIG. 4A  installed in the connecting section  106  of a treatment liquid input port. 
         [0056]    Some preferred embodiments do not include the additional holes  406  shown in  FIG. 4A , but instead provide a treatment liquid container that is collapsible. In still other preferred embodiments, the treatment liquid is held within a collapsible bag or membrane located inside of a ventilated bottle or other supporting container.  FIG. 4C  illustrates a preferred embodiment in which treatment liquid  108  is contained within a collapsible bag  408  that is physically supported by a rigid or semi-rigid container  104  that includes ventilation holes  410  so as to allow air to fill the container  104  as the treatment liquid  108  enters the irrigation system and the bag  408  collapses. 
         [0057]      FIG. 5A  illustrates a preferred embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 2 , except that the structural reinforcement  206  is larger and surrounds the lower portion of the treatment liquid container  104 . In addition, the water pipe adaptor  100  includes a constricted section  500  with a reduced inner diameter that causes water to flow more rapidly and thereby further increases the Venturi effect suction.  FIG. 5B  shows the same embodiment from the front. 
         [0058]      FIG. 5C  illustrates a replacement cap  502  that is compatible with the embodiment of  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B . The replacement cap  502  includes a connecting section  504  with male threads that is compatible with the connecting threads  106  of the treatment liquid input port  102 . The sides of the replacement cap  502  approximate the sides of the treatment liquid container near its threaded outlet, and the top of the cap includes a handle  506  to facilitate grasping the replacement cap and rotating it so as to engage and disengage it with the treatment liquid input port.  FIG. 5D  shows a top view of the replacement cap of  FIG. 5C . 
         [0059]      FIG. 5E  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 5A  and  FIG. 5B , with the replacement cap of  FIG. 5C  and  FIG. 5D  installed. 
         [0060]      FIG. 6A  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 1  attached to an in-ground sprinkler system. The sprinkler system includes a plurality of controlling check valves  600  that supply water to a series of pipes  602  delivering water to sprinkler heads  604  throughout the area to be irrigated, thereby delivering a shower of water  606  from each sprinkler head that approximates the effects of natural rainfall. The pipes  602  are located below grade  608 , so as to minimize the visibility of the irrigation system and also reduce tripping and other hazards. The water pipe adaptor  100  of the present invention is connected above grade in series with a water pipe that flows from a check valve  600  vertically downward to a below grade pipe  602 , and is oriented so as to support an exchangeable treatment liquid container inverted at an angle of approximately 45 degrees. 
         [0061]      FIG. 6B  illustrates the embodiment of  FIG. 6A  attached to a horizontal section of water pipe of a similar sprinkler system. In this sprinkler system, the check valves  610  are separate from the control valves (not shown). 
         [0062]      FIG. 6C  illustrates a preferred embodiment that is able to support treatment liquid containers that are too heavy to be supported by a treatment liquid input port, even with structural reinforcements. In this embodiment, the treatment liquid container is supported by a stand  612  resting on legs  614  that extend to the ground  608 . The treatment liquid input port  102  extends vertically at right angles to the water pipe adaptor  100 , which is connected in series to a horizontal section of pipe located below grade. 
         [0063]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a preferred embodiment that includes a chamber  700  for housing one or more instances of the present invention and protecting them from exposure to the weather. In the embodiment of  FIG. 7A , the chamber is located below grade  608 , except for the uppermost part and the covering lid  702 . In similar embodiments, it is located either above grade or only partly below grade. The chamber  700  includes one or more docking modules  704 , each of which rests on the bottom of the chamber and is able to support the weight of a treatment liquid container  706 ,  708  and each of which includes a connecting section similar to the connecting section of  FIG. 2  or  FIG. 3B  (not shown in  FIG. 7A ), connectable to the outlet of a treatment liquid container  706 ,  708 . In this embodiment, vent holes  712 ,  714  are included in the bottoms of the treatment liquid containers (i.e. near the parts of the containers that are uppermost when the containers are inverted and in use) that allow air to enter the containers and displace the treatment liquid as it enters the irrigation system. Venturi effect suction ensures that a negative pressure is applied to the treatment liquid container when the irrigation water is flowing, and gravity ensures that no treatment liquid escapes through the vent holes when the irrigation water is not flowing. 
         [0064]    In the embodiment of  FIG. 7A , the vent holes  712 ,  714  are sealed until use by sealing flaps glued over the vent holes. The flaps can be easily removed by pulling on one end of each flap that is left unglued and thereby easily graspable. In  FIG. 7A , the flaps are shown partly removed  712  on two of the treatment liquid containers  706 , and not yet removed  714  on the third treatment liquid container  708 . Similar vent holes and sealing flaps are used in other preferred embodiments over the full range of treatment liquid container sizes. 
         [0065]    In  FIG. 7A , one of the treatment liquid containers  708  is shown positioned in preparation for connecting to its docking module  702 , so as to more fully show the shape of the treatment liquid container and the threaded connecting section  710  at its outlet. 
         [0066]      FIG. 7B  is a top view of the embodiment of  FIG. 7A , where the covering lid  702  has been omitted for visual clarity. The connecting sections  716  of the treatment liquid input ports can be seen in the central parts of the docking modules  704 . When a treatment liquid container  708  is not installed, a replacement cap similar to the cap shown in  FIG. 3B   302  is used to seal the connecting section  716  of a treatment liquid input port. 
         [0067]      FIG. 8A  is a side view of a preferred embodiment that uses a pressure differential rather than Venturi effect suction to extract treatment liquid from the treatment liquid container. The pressure differential causes water to flow naturally into the treatment liquid container  104  and displace the treatment liquid. Therefore, unlike embodiments that rely on Venturi effect suction, there is no need for the treatment liquid container  104  to be collapsible, and there is no need for vent holes  406  such as the ones illustrated in  FIG. 4A  and  FIG. 4B . 
         [0068]    The pressure differential in  FIG. 8A  is created by a constriction  500  that creates a region of higher water pressure  800  immediately upstream of the constriction  500 , and a region  802  of lower water pressure immediately below the constriction  500 . A water inlet tube  804  is connected between the region of higher pressure  800  and the treatment liquid container  104 , and a treatment liquid outlet tube  806  is connected between the treatment liquid container  104  and the region of lower pressure  802 . When water flows past the constriction  500 , the pressure differential causes some of the water to by-pass the constriction  500  and flow instead through the treatment liquid container  104 , thereby introducing liquid treatment  108  into the water flow. In the embodiment of  FIG. 8A , the constriction  500  is tapered, so as to allow the flow of water to remain as laminar as possible. 
         [0069]      FIG. 8B  illustrates an embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 8A , except that it includes a water diverter  807  that intercepts some of the water flowing through the high pressure region  800  of the water pipe adaptor  100  and diverts it into the water inlet channel  804 . In this embodiment, the pressure differential caused by the constriction  500  and the physical interception of the water provided by the water interceptor  807  both serve as mechanisms that cause water to flow into the treatment liquid container  104 . The result is that more water flows into the treatment liquid container due to the combination of both mechanisms than would flow due to either mechanism alone. 
         [0070]      FIG. 8C  presents a top view of the tapered constriction  500 , the water diverter  807 , and the distal end of the water inlet tube  804  from the embodiment of  FIG. 8B . 
         [0071]      FIG. 8D  illustrates the flow of water through the embodiment of  FIG. 8B . As water flows through the restriction  500 , some of the water by-passes the restriction  500  and flows instead from the high water pressure area  800  upstream of the constriction  500  into the water diverter  807 , through the water inlet tube  804 , and into the treatment liquid container  104 . There the water mixes  808  with the treatment liquid  108  and increases the liquid pressure inside of the treatment liquid container  104 . This causes a mixture of water and treatment liquid to leave the treatment liquid container  104  through the treatment liquid outlet tube  808  and flow into the lower pressure area  802  of the water pipe adaptor  100  downstream of the constriction  500 . The process continues until the treatment liquid container  104  is fully diluted with water, and all of the treatment liquid  108  has been extracted from the treatment liquid container  104 . In some embodiments, the treatment liquid container  104  is transparent and the treatment liquid  108  is colored and/or at least partly opaque. In these embodiments, the color of the liquid in the treatment liquid container  104  can be seen to gradually turn clear as the treatment liquid  108  is diluted until none is left in the treatment liquid container  104 . The treatment liquid container  104  can then be removed and discarded, and a replacement cap  502  can be installed in its place. 
         [0072]      FIG. 8E  illustrates the flow of water in a preferred embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 8B , except that the treatment liquid  108  is contained in a flexible bag  408 , such that water entering the treatment liquid container  104  through the water inlet tube  804  is not mixed with the treatment liquid  108 , but instead fills the space  810  between the flexible bag  408  and the treatment liquid container  104 , thereby applying pressure to the flexible bag  408  and forcing treatment liquid  108  through the treatment liquid outlet tube  806  and into the lower pressure area  802  of the water pipe adaptor  100  downstream of the constriction  500 . The process continues until all of the treatment liquid has been extracted from the treatment liquid container  104 , at which point the empty flexible bag  408  seals the treatment liquid exit tube  806  and stops the flow of water through the treatment liquid container  104 . 
         [0073]      FIG. 8F  is a side view of an embodiment with the treatment liquid container  104  removed. The embodiment is similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 8B , except that the distal ends of the water inlet tube  804  and the treatment liquid outlet tube  806  both terminate in adjacent hollow points  812  that protrude into the treatment liquid input port  102  and are able to penetrate a membrane  814  that seals the treatment liquid container  104 . This allows the treatment liquid container  104  to be conveniently installed without a user coming into contact with the treatment liquid  108 . In various embodiments, the membrane  814  is made from coated paper, rubber, plastic, or a similar material, and can include scoring to facilitate penetration by the protruding hollow points  812 . A washer  816  similar to a common garden hose washer forms a water-tight seal between the treatment liquid container  104  and the treatment liquid input port  102 . 
         [0074]      FIG. 8G  is a side view of the embodiment of  FIG. 8F  configured with a cap  502  installed in the treatment liquid port  102  so as to seal the treatment liquid input port  102  when not in use. The threaded area  504  of the cap  502  is hollow, so as to make space for the adjacent hollow points  812  at the distal ends of the water inlet tube  804  and the treatment liquid outlet tube  806  that protrude into the treatment liquid input port  102 . 
         [0075]      FIG. 8H  is a side view of a preferred embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 6C  that uses an annulus as a constriction  500 , so as to create a pressure differential using only a short length of the water pipe adaptor  100 . In this embodiment, the water pipe adaptor  100  is buried below grade  608 , and the treatment liquid input port  102  extends vertically above grade  608  from the water pipe adaptor  100 . The exchangeable treatment liquid container  104  is supported by a stand  612  resting on legs  614  on the ground  608 . In the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 8H , water flowing through the inlet tube  804  mixes with treatment liquid  108  in the treatment liquid container  106 . In similar embodiments, as discussed in reference to  FIG. 8E  above, the treatment liquid  108  is contained in a flexible bag  408  and is forced into the water pipe adaptor  100  by water filling the space between the flexible bag  408  and the treatment liquid container  104 . 
         [0076]      FIG. 9A  illustrates a preferred embodiment similar to the embodiment of  FIG. 7A , but including a constriction (not shown) in each water pipe adaptor. In a similar manner to the embodiment of  FIG. 8B , in this embodiment adjacent hollow, pointed distal ends  812  of water inlet channels  804  and treatment liquid outlet channels  806  protrude into the treatment liquid input ports  704  so as to penetrate breakable membranes that seal the ends of the treatment liquid containers  706 ,  708  as the treatment liquid containers  706 ,  708  are attached to the treatment liquid input ports  704 . Unlike the embodiment of  FIG. 7A , in this embodiment water flows into the treatment liquid containers  706 ,  708  as the treatment liquid  108  is extracted. Hence, there is no need for the air vents ( 712 ,  714  in  FIG. 7A ) that are included in the embodiment of  FIG. 7A . 
         [0077]      FIG. 9B  presents a top view of the embodiment of  FIG. 9A  with all of the treatment liquid containers  706 ,  708  removed. 
         [0078]    Other modifications and implementations will occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the above description is not intended to limit the invention except as indicated in the following claims.