Abstract:
The disclosure is directed to a bipolar battery that is constructed to improve battery performance by reducing distortions within electrode material of the bipolar battery. The bipolar battery includes multiple battery elements that each include multiple unit batteries. Each unit battery contains a conductor having a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer. A collector is positioned between adjacent positive and negative electrode layers of adjacent unit batteries, and an accumulated thickness absorption member is used to separate collectors of adjacent battery elements. The bipolar battery may be used in a motor vehicle, such as an electric car.

Description:
[0001]     This application claims priority to Japanese Patent Application No. 2005-203723, filed Jul. 12, 2005, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.  
       TECHNICAL FIELD  
       [0002]     The invention relates to batteries, and more specifically, bipolar batteries.  
       BACKGROUND  
       [0003]     The bipolar battery is a battery which forms a positive electrode layer on one surface of a collector and a negative electrode layer on another surface. These surfaces are arranged in an alternating fashion with an electrolyte layer that performs ion replacement between each bipolar electrodes. If the companions between the electrodes at the ends of this kind of bipolar battery come in contact, there is a short circuit, and in addition, if the electrolyte layers come into contact, there a liquid junction would be formed.  
         [0004]     To counteract these problems, some bipolar batteries utilize a coating, using an insulating material, of the periphery of a unit battery formed by sandwiching the separator that has been immersed in an electrolyte between the positive and negative electrodes. In addition, the periphery of the unit battery is formed by laminating using a conducting foil to prevent a liquid junction or short circuit between each electrode.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0005]     In general, embodiments of the invention are directed to a bipolar battery that reduces thickness distortions to prevent degradation in battery performance. With an increase in the number of laminations of the bipolar battery, as known in conventional batteries, there may be distortions generated from defects in the thicknesses of the electrode material that may reduce the battery&#39;s performance. Consequently, problems occur which reduce the manufacturing yield from the addition of lamination layers.  
         [0006]     An embodiment of the invention may provide a solution to conventional technical problems with bipolar batteries, by preventing the occurrence of distortions from defects of the thicknesses of the electrode members and the reduction in the battery&#39;s performance due to this distortion. Provided herein is a description of a bipolar battery which may improve the manufacturing yield, along with a battery pack and a vehicle which contains these batteries.  
         [0007]     In one embodiment, the invention provides a bipolar battery that includes a plurality of sub battery elements. Each sub battery element includes a plurality of collectors that are arranged in an alternating fashion with an conductor that performs ion exchange between a positive electrode layer formed on the one surface of the collector and the negative electrode layer formed on the other surface of the collector and an accumulated thickness absorption member that is arranged between the sub battery elements.  
         [0008]     In another embodiment, the invention provides a bipolar battery that includes a plurality of sub battery elements, where each sub battery element includes a plurality of collectors that comprise a positive electrode layer on one surface and a negative electrode layer on another surface and a conductor disposed between the collectors, wherein the conductor performs ion exchange between the positive electrode layer formed on the one collector and the negative electrode layer formed on the other collector. The bipolar battery also includes means for absorbing thickness changes that is arranged between the collector of the one sub battery element and the collector of the other sub battery element.  
         [0009]     In an alternative embodiment, the invention provides a method for manufacturing a bipolar battery that includes forming two or more sub battery elements by stacking two or more unit batteries for each of the battery elements, wherein each unit battery is constructed by forming a positive electrode layer on one surface of a collector and a negative electrode layer on another surface of the collector and forming a conductor by laminating an electrode layer that performs ion exchange between a positive electrode layer and a negative electrode layer, wherein the positive electrode layer is disposed on an opposite side of the conductor to the negative electrode layer. Each unit battery may also be formed by forming a seal layer on a periphery of the electrolyte layer to prevent electrolyte leakage. The bipolar battery is also manufactured by positioning an accumulation thickness absorption member between the collector of a first sub battery element and the collector of a second sub battery element.  
         [0010]     The details of one or more embodiments of the invention are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0011]      FIG. 1  is an external view of the bipolar battery which is related to one embodiment.  
         [0012]      FIG. 2  is a summary structure view of inside a bipolar battery which is related to an embodiment.  
         [0013]      FIG. 3  is a diagram using the relationship of the size and accumulated error difference in size of the external material categorizing the size and thickness of the accumulated thickness absorption member.  
         [0014]      FIG. 4  is a summary structure view of inside the bipolar battery with material which does not have conductivity of the accumulated thickness absorption member for Embodiments 1 to 3.  
         [0015]      FIG. 5  is a summary structure view of inside the bipolar battery with material which does have conductivity of the accumulated thickness absorption member for Embodiments 4 to 6.  
         [0016]      FIG. 6  is a summary structure view of inside the bipolar battery when fibrous carbon sheet has been adopted as the accumulated fitness absorption member for Embodiments 7 and 8.  
         [0017]      FIG. 7  is a summary structure view of inside the bipolar battery which is related to an embodiment.  
         [0018]      FIG. 8  is a summary structure view of the battery pack.  
         [0019]      FIG. 9  is an illustration which shows the conditions under which the battery pack is contained in a vehicle. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0020]     Provided herein is a detailed explanation of the implementation of a bipolar battery, a battery pack, and a vehicle which contains these batteries which is related to this invention and based on the drawings. Moreover, the drawings which are utilized to illustrate the below implementation are drawn by exaggerating the thickness or form of each layer, for easy understanding of the contents of the invention, and are not representative of adjustments to have been made for the thickness or form of every layer of an actual bipolar battery.  
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is an external view of a bipolar battery which is related to this implementation. The bipolar battery  100  as a longitudinal flat shape as shown in the  FIG. 1 , and from both sides the positive electrode tab  120 A and the negative electrode tab  120 B are taken out in order to draw power. The bipolar battery element  160  is wrapped according to an external member of the bipolar battery  100 , and its periphery is then used, and the bipolar battery element  160  is sealed under conditions whereby the positive electrode tab  120 A and the negative electrode tab  120 B are pulled out.  
         [0022]      FIG. 2  is a summary structure view of the inside of a bipolar battery  100  which is related to this embodiment. The bipolar battery element  160 , or sub battery, and the bipolar battery  100  which is related to this embodiment is formed as follows. First, bipolar electrodes  270  are prepared in which a positive electrode layer  240  is formed on one surface of the collector  200  and a negative electrode layer  220  is formed on the other surface. Between these bipolar electrodes  270 , there is formed a single battery  150  by establishing the electrolyte layer  230 , e.g., a conductor or means for performing ion exchange, in order to perform ion exchange between the bipolar electrodes. The collector provides means for connecting the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer of adjacent unit batteries, e.g., single battery  150 . There is formed a sub bipolar battery element  210  of a sub bipolar battery element by superimposing three simple unit batteries  150 , and coating, using a sealing member  215 , the periphery of the sub bipolar battery element  210  of the sub bipolar battery element. Furthermore there is a three layer superposition of the sub bipolar battery element  210  by means of the accumulated thickness absorption member  260 , or means for absorbing thickness changes. Therefore bipolar battery element  160  of a bipolar battery element is formed.  
         [0023]     The collector  200  of the lowest, e.g. bottom most, layer of the bipolar battery element  160  of the bipolar battery element connects with the above-mentioned native electrode tab  120 B, and the top layer of the collector  200  connects with the above-mentioned positive electrode tab  120 A. Because for the bipolar battery element  160  which is shown in  FIG. 2 , the sub bipolar battery element  210  which is assumed to be one group of three unit batteries  150  is three groups in serial contact. Thus, between the positive tab  120 A and the negative tab  120 B nine times the voltage of the unit battery  150  is produced.  
         [0024]     If the above-mentioned accumulated thickness absorption member  260  has absorbable thickness or form such that there are distortions between the sub bipolar battery elements  210 ,  210 , construction may not use this kind of material. In addition, it is preferable that the lamination does not to reduce the battery&#39;s performance from the count of the laminations of the sub bipolar battery elements  210  and from changes that would affect the thickness or characteristics of each member used to form the unit battery  150 . Moreover, in this implementation, sub bipolar battery elements  210  are formed as one group of three unit batteries  150 , and there is alternate lamination of the sub bipolar battery element  210  groups by means of the accumulated thickness absorption member  260 , and the lamination count of the unit battery  150  which forms a sub bipolar battery element  210  in the lamination count of the sub bipolar battery element  210  which forms the bipolar battery element  160  is not limited to this implementation. In addition, the positive electrode layer or the negative electrode layer of the bipolar electrode  270  which is facing the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  in  FIG. 2  is omitted in order to reduce the parts used in the manufacturing process. It is permissible to use this as is the bipolar electrode  270  that forms the positive electrode layer or the negative electrode layer.  
         [0025]     That is, by establishing an accumulated thickness absorption member  260  between the sub bipolar battery elements  210 ,  210  of adjacent sub bipolar battery elements  210 , the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  prevents a reduction in battery performance by absorbing the distortion of each sub bipolar battery element  210 . In addition, because each sub bipolar battery element nubile  210  is formed as one group, it is possible to remove a defective sub bipolar battery element  210  through investigations by initially charging each of the sub bipolar battery elements  210 . This makes possible a dramatic improvement in manufacturing yield.  
         [0026]      FIG. 3  is an explanation diagram which characterizes the thickness and size of the accumulated thickness absorption member using the relationship of the size and accumulated error inside the seal member. A shell and in the diagram, the above-mentioned so bipolar battery element nubile to  10  is coated by a seal member  215 .  
         [0027]     The electrolyte liquid for the electrolyte layer  230  for the seal member  215  by exuding makes contact with electrodes at different voltages and is established in order to prevent the occurrence of liquid juncture by contact and is arranged to surround the periphery of the electrolyte layer  230 . More specifically, sealing above and below the collector  200  which has sandwiched said electrolyte layer  230  to prevent exuding of the electrolyte. These seal members may use one or more of heat fused film (PE), heat hardened resins (epoxy), and optically hardened resins.  
         [0028]     The accumulated error A, which is generated when laminating the unit batteries  150 , is from the formation of the seal member  250 . Accumulated error A is generated by defects in the thickness of the seal member numeral to learn  15  and the thickness between the layers. It may be preferable to make uniform the thickness of the seal member  215  and the thickness between the layers, uniformity is difficult during manufacturing processes. Especially, when considering the formation of the seal member  215  and the collector  200 , it is necessary to have a thickness compared to the thickness between the electrodes before the process of heat fusion or heat hardening for the seal member  215 , and it is desirable to perform the sealing process under pressure with said conditions. From the results, making the thickness of the seal member  215  thin is difficult, and distortions are generated due to this difficulty.  
         [0029]     The accumulated thickness absorption member  260  is formed so as to be small compared to the size B of the part which faces inside the battery element within the seal member  215 , as shown in  FIG. 3 . It is desirable that the thickness be such as to be at least as large the accumulated error A. With the formation in this way, the size of the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  is larger than the size of the part which faces the battery element inside of the seal member. If the thickness of the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  is better then the accumulated error A, it is because there was no absorption of the distortion that was generated at every sub bipolar battery element  210 . Moreover, in this implementation, it is possible for the accumulated error A to have a value which deducted the overall thickness between the layers from the overall thickness of the seal member which coated the sub bipolar battery element  210 .  
         [0030]     In this way, by forming the size of the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  to be smaller than the size of the part which faces inside the battery elements within the seal member, and by forming the thickness of the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  to be thicker than the accumulated error A, because it is possible to up sure of the distortion that is generated for every sub bipolar battery element  210 , there is no reduction in the battery&#39;s performance.  
         [0031]      FIG. 4  is a summary construction view of inside the bipolar battery  100  which is related to this implementation, and there is adopted material which has no conductance as the accumulated thickness absorption member  260 . What adopting this kind of structure, there is sufficient absorption of the distortions of each sub bipolar battery element nubile  210  and because there is interposed the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  which does not have conductance in between adjacent bipolar battery elements  210 ,  210 , conductance between said so bipolar battery elements  210 ,  210  is not possible, and it is necessary to connect between the sub bipolar battery elements  210 ,  210  by a lead  290 .  
         [0032]     With respect to this, in  FIG. 5 , there has been adopted material which has conductance as the accumulated thickness absorption member  260 . Because the material which has conductance which is used here as a flow of electrons in the lamination direction (thickness direction) resistance is high, and there can be no construction even using the material. However, considering the conductivity of the bipolar electrode  270  the flatness of the contact surface is high, and in addition it is desirable to select material with a low Young&#39;s modulus. For example there has been cited Cu, Al, Au, Ag, carbon and conductive polymers.  
         [0033]     By forming in this way the accumulation thickness absorption member 2 out of 60 using the curios which are conductive, while distorting the distortion for each sub why polar battery element  210 , conduction becomes possible between adjacent sub bipolar battery elements  210 ,  210 , and as shown by the dashed line in  FIG. 5 , leads  290  are unnecessary and are not used as shown in  FIG. 4 . In addition, it becomes possible to connect in a surface direction and it becomes possible to design for low resistivity in the battery.  
         [0034]      FIG. 6  is a summary construction view of inside the bipolar battery  100  when there has been adopted fibrous carbon material as the accumulated thickness absorption member  260 . When forming the accumulated thickness absorption material  260 , using a sheet-shaped fibrous carbon material, it is possible to establish a low Young&#39;s modulus from the characteristics of the fibrous material. In addition, because there is carbon material even in the fibrous material, it becomes possible to conduct between adjacent sub bipolar battery elements  210 ,  210 , and the use of dashed leads (leads  290  as shown in  FIG. 4 ), is not necessary.  
         [0035]      FIG. 7  is a summary construction view of inside the bipolar battery  100  for this implementation. Is shown in the diagram in this implementation, there is coating using external material (outer case) for which the bipolar battery element  160  which contains three groups of sub bipolar battery elements  210  has flexibility, and the periphery is heat fused, and as was previously described, the bipolar battery element  160  is sealed such that the electrode tab  120 A and the electrode tab  120 B are pulled out. Moreover for the accumulated thickness absorption member  260  there is adopted a fibrous carbon sheet.  
         [0036]     The internal pressure of the external material  180  is established as to be lower than the atmospheric pressure, e.g., a vacuum. That is, there is additional pressure on the bipolar battery elements  160  in the lamination direction by hydrostatic pressure which used atmospheric pressure which was obtained by formation of a pressure as the internal pressure of the external material  180  to be less than the atmospheric pressure. With the addition of a magnetic force from a magnet, and by imparting hydrostatic pressure which uses atmospheric pressure, and by making it use of the current of the unit batteries  150  which are serially connected within the bipolar battery element  160  of the entire surface of the electrode by strong electrical terminals, it is possible to counter variations in the current density distribution.  
         [0037]     By using material which has flexibility as formation material for the external material  180 , said material  180  is not destroyed by pressure differences between the inside and the outside, and can easily deform. The material which forms the external material  180  shows electrical insulation by not being permeable to oxygen, electrons, light, or gases. With electrolytes inside and chemically stable, it is permissible to use this kind of material, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polycarbonate as synthetic resins. If considering a reduction in possible air contact for heat fusing of the external material  180  or the electrolytes, it is desirable to select a laminated film which coats using a synthetic resin metal foil, such as aluminum.  
         [0038]     Captain is lame film which is used which is comprised of metal foil and synthetic resin membranes as the external material  180 , it becomes possible to have hydrostatic pressure because of the easy deformation of the resin film. Furthermore, because of the existence of the metal foil there is a reduction and gas permeability, thus making possible on a long-term basis the maintenance of pressure difference between the inside and the outside of the external material  180 .  
         [0039]     In addition, it is desirable that the above-mentioned electrolyte layered  230  be formed from solid-type electrolytes. By using solid electrolytes as the electrolyte layer  230 , it becomes possible to prevent leaks. In addition, it is possible to prevent liquid junctions which are characteristic problems for both electrode secondary batteries. Therefore, it becomes possible to realize bipolar batteries with high reliability.  
         [0040]     The following includes an explanation based on the differences between completely solid macromolecular electrolytes and macromolecular gel electrolytes. There are the completely solid macromolecular electrolytes such as PEO (polyethylene oxide) and the macromolecular gel electrolytes which are included in electrolytes which are used for lithium ion batteries. In addition, as with PVDF, PAN, and PMMA, within the skeleton of the macromolecule which does not conduct lithium ions, there is correspondence with macromolecular gel electrolytes which maintain electrolytic solutions. The proportions of the polymer which forms the macromolecular gel electrolytes and electrolytic solutions varies widely, and assuming a polymer as 100% for the completely solid macromolecular electrolyte and assuming the liquid electrolyte is 100% electrolytic solution, the intermediate body is the macromolecular gel electrolyte. In addition, the completely solid type electrolyte corresponds with all of the electrolytes which conduct Li ions such as macromolecules or inorganic solids. In this invention, when one speaks of a solid-type electrolyte, it is assumed to include all macromolecular gel electrolyte, completely solid macromolecular electrolyte and inorganic solid electrolytes.  
         [0041]     Furthermore the previously described positive electrode active material 2 in 40 uses a lithium transition metal complex oxidized material and is desirable to use for the negative electrode active material substance  220  carbon or lithium transition metal complex material, and from this use, it is possible to realize a bipolar battery which has excellent capacity and output characteristics.  
         [0042]     The above explained bipolar battery may be used to form a battery pack module  250  ( FIG. 8 ) by connecting serially or in parallel a plurality, and is possible to form a battery pack  300  by connecting serially or in parallel a plurality old battery pack module in  250 . Battery pack module  250  may include one or more bipolar batteries.  FIG. 8  shows a flat surface view (FIG. A), a front view (FIG. B) and a side view (FIG. C) of the battery pack  300  and the formed battery pack module  250  mutually connects by using electrical connection means such as a bus bar, and the battery pack module  250  as multiple stages of lamination by using the connection jig  310 . There is formed a battery pack module  250  by connecting some bipolar batteries  110 , and in addition, there is formation of the battery pack  300  by laminating some stages of the battery pack module  250  which may be determined to correspond to the battery capacity and output of a vehicle which contains these batteries, e.g., an electrical car.  
         [0043]     In this way, it is possible to obtain a battery pack  300  which is formed by connecting in parallel or serially a plurality of the battery pack modules  250  so as to be able to obtain high-capacity and high output, and because reliability is high for the battery pack modules  250  separately, there is a possibility of maintaining long-term reliability for the battery pack  300 . In addition, even if one of the battery pack modules  250  breaks down, it is possible to repair by exchanging only the nonfunctional part.  
         [0044]     In an electric car  400  which contains the battery pack  300 , as shown in  FIG. 9 , the battery pack is stored, or mounted, under the seat in the center of the electric car  400 . When contained under the seat, there is the possibility of expanding space within the car and in the trunk room. Battery pack  300  may be stored at other locations within car  400  in other embodiments. Moreover, the location which contains the battery pack  300  is not limited to under the seat, and may be under the rear trunk room, and also in the engine space at the front of the car. The electrical car  400  which uses this kind of battery pack  300  as high a durability, and provide sufficient output for long-term use. Furthermore, there is provided at electrical car which is superior in running ability and a hybrid car. In other embodiments, electric car  400  may be any type of motor vehicle, e.g., a truck, a bus, or a van.  
         [0045]     Moreover, not only is the battery pack  300  useful in applications, it may contain only the battery pack module  250 , and it may contain combinations of these battery pack  300  and battery pack modules  250 . In addition, the vehicles which can contain this invention&#39;s battery pack or battery pack modules are preferably the above-mentioned electrical car is or hybrid cars, but the invention is not limited to these. For example the invention is appropriate for other types of electrical cars.  
         [0046]     Below, there is an explanation of embodiments of the bipolar battery which are related to this invention, but this invention is not limited to these embodiments.  
         [0047]     Initially there is an explanation for the manufacture of the above-mentioned generating element  210  which is common to Embodiments 1 through 8. As explained above, the generating element  210  results from a multiple lamination alternately of bipolar electrode  270  which is formed by a positive electrode layer being formed on one surface of the conductor and a negative electrode layer being formed on the other surface and in electrolyte layer  230  which performs ion exchange between said bipolar electrodes. There is lamination of a plurality of unit batteries  150 .  
         [0048]     To form an electrode, there first is coating of electrode slurry on one surface of a stainless steel foil (SUS foil) which is a collector of thickness 20 μm and drying, with the formation of a positive electrode layer of membrane thickness 15 μm. The positive electrode slurry is 85 wt.% LiMNO 2  as the positive electrode active substance, 5 wt. % acetylene black as a conductive auxiliary, 10 wt. % of PVDF as binder and a mixture of NMP as slurry viscosity adjustment solvent.  
         [0049]     Next, there is coating and drying of the negative electrode slurry on the opposite surface of the conductor (SUS  40 ) which coded the positive electrode layer, and formation of a negative electrode layer of membrane thickness 15 μm. The negative electrode slurry is 90 wt. % hard carbon as negative electrode active substance, 10 wt. % PCDF as binder, and NMP as a slurry viscosity adjustment solvent.  
         [0050]     By respectively forming the positive electrode layer and the negative electrode layer on both surfaces of the collector (SUS foil), there is formed a bipolar electrode (both polarity type of electrodes). The completed bipolar electrode is cut into a 190 mm×90 mm peace. In addition, because the outer peripheral 10 mm part forms a seal layer, the electrode part is eliminating. Moreover, there is coating of a positive electrode layer or a negative electrode layer on only one surface for the positive electrode terminal polarity and the negative electrode polarity.  
         [0051]     By immersing the separator of polyethylene manufacture (thickness 12 μm), there is obtained a precursor by irradiating for 15 minutes ultraviolet rays inserting into the quartz glass substrate. A pregel is comprised of a monomer solution (polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide copolymer) 3 wt. % of average molecular weight between 7500 and 9000 which is a precursor of the ion conduction macromolecular matrix, 97 wt. % of PC+EC (1:1) as an electrolytic solution, and 1.5M LiBF 4 , and polymer initiator (BDK).  
         [0052]     Battery elements are formed by laminating the positive electrode and a native of electrode which are facing one another with the insertion of the electrolyte; therefore, there is formation of the unit battery. By repeating this process, there is formed a battery element so that there are three layers of the unit battery which are laminated. By coding this battery element with a seal member, and first heat fusing 3 times, there is sealed the electrolyte layer as a vacuum seal of the battery element from the vacuum sealing of a final side.  
         [0053]     The battery element has a seal member thickness for a single layer of 62 μm, and the thickness between layers which is the sum total of the electrode and the separator is 44 μm, and the accumulated error for the unit layer is 62 μm−44 μm=18μ. Because there have been superimposed three layers of the battery element the accumulated error becomes 54 μm.  
         [0054]     The accumulated error can be measured by subtracting the actual measured value all the thickness of the electrode part of the actual measured value of the thickness of the seal part, the accumulated error actual value of the battery element that was manufactured in this way is 56 μm.  
         [0055]     Below, there is an explanation for Embodiments 1 to 8 and a comparative example. Embodiment 1 includes one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above, and an insert an accumulated error absorption member which is comprised of PET film of thickness 50 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 4 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. In addition, the part and that is insulated by establishing the accumulation error absorption member electrically conducts by connecting a lead. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0056]     Embodiment 2 is now described. Let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 57 μm as mentioned above, and insert an accumulated absorption member which is comprised of PET film of thickness 57 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 4 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. In addition, the part and that is insulated by establishing the accumulation error absorption member electrically conducts by connecting a lead. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0057]     Embodiment 3 is now described. Let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above, and insert an accumulated error absorption member which is comprised of PET film of thickness 60 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 4 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. In addition, the part and that is insulated by establishing the accumulation error absorption member electrically conducts by connecting a lead. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0058]     Embodiment 4 is now described. Let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above, and insert an accumulated error absorption member which is comprised of metal foil of thickness 60 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 5 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0059]     Embodiment 5 is now described. Let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above, and insert an accumulated error absorption member which is comprised of carbon plate of thickness 60 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 5 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0060]     Embodiment 6 is now described. Let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above, and insert an accumulated error absorption member which is comprised of aluminum foil of thickness 60 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 5 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0061]     Embodiment 7 is now described. Let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above, and insert an accumulated error absorption member which is comprised of fibrous carbon sheet of thickness 60 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 6 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0062]     Embodiment 8 is now described. Let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above, and insert an accumulated error absorption member which is comprised of fibrous carbon sheet of thickness 60 μm, and laminate 3 groups alternately as shown in  FIG. 6 , manufacturing 9 generating elements which have established the accumulated error absorption member. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery by vacuum sealing an aluminum laminate.  
         [0063]     As a comparable example, let one group be the battery elements of 3 layers with a manufactured accumulated error of 56 μm as mentioned above and laminate without inserting an accumulation error absorption member, to produce 9 generating elements. Afterwards there is welding of the tab which is used to draw current for the positive electrode terminal and the negative electrode terminal, manufacturing a bipolar battery which retains using a clip through insertion at the glass plate.  
         [0064]     Each of the bipolar batteries of Embodiments 1 to 8 was manufactured for comparison as explained above, and there was an evaluation of these bipolar batteries under the following conditions.  
       EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS  
       [0065]     There was charging to a fixed current fixed voltage (CCCV) for 15 minutes up to 50.4V using a current of 10 mA for these batteries. Afterwards there was a five second discharge in at a current of 10 mA, with measurements taken at this time of the electrical capacitance, and measurements of the discharge capacity from the initial electrical capacitance. In Table 1 below, the discharge capacity of Embodiments 1 through 8 are shown when assuming 100% discharge capacity for the comparative example.  
                                 TABLE 1                                   Discharge capacity (comparative example = 100%)                                    Embodiment 1   123%       Embodiment 2   150%       Embodiment 3   151%       Embodiment 4   150%       Embodiment 5   158%       Embodiment 6   157%       Embodiment 7   160%       Embodiment 8   159%                  
 
         [0066]     Next, there was charging to a fixed current fixed voltage (CCCV) for 15 minutes up to 50.4V using a current of 10 mA for these batteries. Afterwards there was a five second discharge in at a current of 10 mA, with measurements taken at this time of the voltage, and measurements of the resistance values from the initial decreasing voltage. In Table 2 below, the resistance values of Embodiments 1 through 8 are shown assuming a 100% resistance value for the comparative example.  
                                     TABLE 2                                   Resistance values (comparative example 100%)                                        Embodiment 1   85%           Embodiment 2   82%           Embodiment 3   83%           Embodiment 4   63%           Embodiment 5   62%           Embodiment 6   60%           Embodiment 7   50%           Embodiment 8   42%                      
 
         [0067]     From the results of Table 1, the discharge capacity of the Embodiments 1 to 8 have a greater discharge capacity than the comparative example. This is because the battery of the comparative example which had accumulated errors did not maintain accurately separation between layers, it is thought that this resulted in a difficult discharge. Consequently, it is determined that battery performance is better by establishing an accumulated thickness absorption member between the battery elements.  
         [0068]     In addition, comparing Embodiment 1 and Embodiments 2 to 8, Embodiment 1 has a somewhat reduced capacity. Consequently from these results, is determined that it is appropriate that the thickness of the accumulated thickness absorption member be at least greater than the accumulated error.  
         [0069]     From the results of Table 2, it is determined that for the resistance values have the relationship of Embodiment 1 to 3 is greater than Embodiments 4 to 6, which are greater than Embodiment 7, which is greater than Embodiment 8. From these results it is desirable to select material which has conductivity for the accumulated thickness absorption member, and to have a fibrous carbon material which has low resistance. In Embodiments 1 through 3, there was high resistance for those materials which connected with the electrodes with leads. This was because the connection surface of the lead and the electrode was limited. In contrast, for Embodiments 4 through 8, although the resistance of the accumulation thickness absorption member was large compared to the lead with surface connections, the overall resistance value compared to the lead became small because the separation was narrow. Furthermore, vacuum sealing by an aluminum laminate to raise the adhesion of every member by a pressure difference from the atmosphere outside and a vacuum for Embodiment 8, Embodiment 8 showed the lowest resistance value.  
         [0070]     Various embodiments of the invention have been described. These and other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.