Abstract:
The invention relates to a camshaft variator device for an internal combustion engine which includes a crankshaft and a camshaft. The invention includes: a first component which is rigidly connected to the camshaft of the engine, such that the rotation of the first component causes the camshaft to rotate; a second component which is rotated by the crankshaft of the engine; a third component which connects the first and second components to one another and which, in turn, rotates the first component in relation to the second component in order to vary the position and partial speed of the camshaft in respect of the crankshaft; and a fourth component which is used to impart a longitudinal and reciprocating longitudinal movement to the third component. The purpose of the device is to enable the opening and closing time and duration of the valves to be varied by varying the position and partial speed of the camshaft in relation to the crankshaft.

Description:
[0001]    The present invent relates to an internal combustion engines, more exactly a device to vary the position and angular speed of the camshaft of the internal combustion engine. 
         [0002]    A classical internal combustion engine which includes an engine block, a plurality of reciprocating pistons, moving inside the cylinders, a crankshaft coupled to the pistons for being rotated by the reciprocation of the pistons and a camshaft moved by the crankshaft through either a chain drive or belt drive. As the camshaft rotates, the profile of the camshaft, cam lobes fixed to the camshaft push the admission valves or exhaust valves, causing the valves to open. Further rotation of the camshaft allows springs to return the valves to closed position. The design of the cam lobes and the position determines, among other things, when the valves open, the length of time the valves are held open. 
         [0003]    In a standard four stroke engine, a cycle of operation (admission, compression, power and exhaust) takes place over four strokes of the piston, made in two crankshaft revolutions. When a piston is at the top of the cylinder at the beginning of the intake stroke, the intake valve opens and the descending piston draw in the air-fuel mixture. At the bottom of the stroke, the intake valve closes and the piston starts upward on the compression stroke. Just before or as the piston reaches the top again, the compressed air-fuel mixture is ignited by the firing of a spark plug, forcing the piston down on its power stroke. As the piston reaches the bottom of its stroke, the exhaust valve opens, allowing combustion products to be forced out through the exhaust valve. 
         [0004]    Some internal combustion engines use dual camshaft, one to operate the intake valves (admission) and the other to operate the exhaust valves. Both camshafts in a dual camshaft engine can be driven by a chain drive or belt drive. 
         [0005]    The performance of an internal combustion engine can be improved by changing the positional relationship of the camshaft relative to the crankshaft. For example, the camshaft can be retarded or delayed closing the intakes valves. In a dual camshaft engine, retarding or advancing the camshaft can be accomplished by changing the positional relationship of one of the camshaft, usually the camshaft that operates the intakes valves of the engine, relative to the other camshaft and the crankshaft. Retarding or advancing the camshaft varies the timing of the engine in terms of the operation of the intake valves relative to the exhaust valves, or in terms of the operation of the valves relative to the position of the crankshaft. This one is achieved by the device of my property the U.S. Pat. No. 6,640,760. 
         [0006]    In the other hand the performance of an internal combustion engine can be improved if the admission valve is able to stay open more time in the admission stroke, to allow enter more quantity of air-fuel mixture. 
         [0000]    Then the performance of an internal combustion engine can be improved in both ways: 
         [0007]    1.—Changing the position of the camshaft in relation to the crankshaft or changing the position of the admission camshaft in relation to the exhaust camshaft and the crankshaft (function already achieved in the U.S. Pat. No. 6,640,760) 
         [0008]    2.—Keep the admission valve opened during more time to allow more quantity of air-fuel mixture enter in to the piston. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION 
       [0009]    The camshaft variator device # 11  is designed to use with a classical internal combustion engine, for example a car. 
         [0010]    The internal combustion engine includes a crankshaft # 13  and a camshaft # 15  having a longitudinal axis # 17 . 
         [0011]    The camshaft variator device # 11  includes a 1° component # 19 , preferably in alignment with the longitudinal axis # 17  of the camshaft # 15 , to be joined with the camshaft # 15 , furthermore the rotation of the device # 11  cause the rotation of the camshaft # 15 ; a second component # 21  preferably in alignment with the longitudinal axis # 17  of the camshaft # 15 , to be rotated by the crankshaft # 13 ; and a 3° component # 23 , preferably in alignment with the longitudinal axis of the camshaft # 15  for joining the 1° and 2° component # 19 ,  21  to one another so that the first component # 19  will rotate when the 2° component # 21  is rotated by the crankshaft # 13  and for rotating the 1° component # 19  relative to the 2° component # 21  to rearrange the positional relationship of the camshaft # 15  relative to the crankshaft # 13 . 
         [0012]    The camshaft variator device # 11  is preferably designed in order to the longitudinal movement of the 3° component # 23  relative to the 1° component # 19  causes the rotation of the 1° component # 19  in relation to the 2° component # 21 , and preferably includes a 4° component # 25  for causing longitudinal movement of the 3° component # 23 . The 4° component # 25  includes a motive power component like an electric motor # 100 ,  101 , said electric motor rotates the 4° component via the coaction between the gear of the electric motor and the 4° component gears to produce a longitudinal movement and alternative longitudinal movement of the 3° component # 23 . The 1° component # 19  includes preferably a transmission mechanism of the 1° component # 19 , it has one or more (preferably 3) spiral teeth # 31  an a 3° component # 23  that includes preferably a transmission mechanism # 33  that it has one or more (at least 3) spiral teeth # 35  to act with the spiral teeth # 31  from the transmission mechanism of the 1° component # 29 , therefore the longitudinal movement of the transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33  relative to the transmission mechanism of the 1° component # 29  will cause the rotation of the transmission mechanism of the first component # 29 . The transmission mechanism of the component # 29  could be machined or constructed like a shaft with teeth in spiral of carbon steel or similar. The transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33  could be machined and constructed in carbon steel, like a ring with spiral teeth. 
         [0013]    The 2° component # 21  preferably includes a wheel # 37  with an external pulley with teeth to fit with a chain drive or belt drive # 39 , said pulley is moved for another pulley with gear teeth # 40 , joined in the crankshaft # 13  (See  FIG. 4 ) therefore, the gear # 37  has external teeth to use with a chain drive or external grooves to use with a belt drive. 
         [0014]    The 2° component # 21  includes preferably a body or a ring joined to a gear drive. The ring # 41  could be machined in carbon steel or made of plastic like nylon or similar. 
         [0015]    The 3° component # 23  is preferably secured to the 2° component # 21  in a manner which prevents rotation of the transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33  in relation to the 2° component # 21 , and which allows longitudinal movement of the transmission mechanism of the 3° component in relation to the 2° component # 21 . For example, the 3° component # 23  includes a plurality of spaced apart male members or guides # 43 , and the 2° component # 21  may have a plurality of spaced apart female members or apertures # 45  in the ring # 41  for slidably receiving the guides # 43  of the 3° component # 23  to secure the 2° and 3° component # 21 ,  23  together in a manner which allows longitudinal movement of the 3° component # 23  relative to the 2° component # 21  while restricting or preventing rotation of the component # 23  in relation to the 2° component # 21 . The guides or rods # 43  may be machined or manufactures of carbon steel or could have a hole in the inner to reduce weight (See  FIG. 9A ). 
         [0016]    The bushings # 47  maybe machined or otherwise manufactured out of bronze or the like. 
         [0017]    The 3° component # 23  preferably includes a move brick # 49  for joining the transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33  to the guides # 43 . For example, the move brick # 49  may have holes # 51  therein for receiving the ends of the guides # 43  being fixedly attached thereto via the transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33 . 
         [0018]    The move brick # 49  may be machined or constructed of carbon steel or similar, the camshaft variator device # 11  preferably includes a 1° thrust bearing # 55  located between the 1° component # 19  and the 2° component # 21  for allowing unrestricted rotation between the 1° component # 19  and the 2° component # 21 , and in the other hand a 2° thrust bearing # 57  positioned between the 3° component # 23  and the 4° component # 25  for allowing unrestricted rotation between 3° component # 23  and the 4° component # 25 . 
         [0019]    The 3° component # 23  preferably included and edge # 59 ,  61  that belongs to the move brick # 49 , both edges # 59  and  61 # are useful to: 
         [0000]    Allow the longitudinal movement of the 4° component # 25  with the 3° component # 23  and at the same time to allow the rotation of the 4° component # 25  in relation to the 3° component # 23 . 
         [0020]    The 3° component # 23  preferably includes a plurality of screws # 63  along the move brick # 49  and a transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33  to join these pieces together, in the other hand the transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33  has an edge # 105  kind tongue and groove to fit in the move brick # 49  to ensure no rotation between the transmission mechanism of the 3° component and the move brick # 49 . 
         [0021]    The 4° component # 25  preferably includes a 1° and 2° ring container # 71 ,  65 ; both rings # 71 ,  65  are joined to create a cavity to locate the thrust bearing # 57  to prevent or restrain the longitudinal movement of the 4° component # 25  in relation to the thrust bearing # 57  and therefore to the 3° component # 23 . These 2 container pieces # 71  and  65  may be made of nylon or similar material. 
         [0022]    The first container ring # 65  has in a face a plurality (at least 2) profiles of variable length in its length # 65 A to apply a longitudinal force (when the container ring # 65  rotates) in the plurality of round profiles # 69 A located in the ring # 69 . 
         [0023]    The 4° component # 25  must include a plurality of screws along the 1° container ring # 65  and the 2° container ring # 71  to keep said pieces together. 
         [0024]    The 2° component # 21  preferably includes a 3° and 4° container rings # 75 ,  77 , said rings are joined to locate the principal thrust bearing # 55  in the center in relation to the ring # 41  and also the said rings # 75 ,  77  join the thrust bearing # 55  to the 2° component # 21  allowing the rotation of both pieces. The 3° and 4° container ring # 75 ,  77  may be machined, made of plastic like nylon or the like. 
         [0025]    The 2° component # 21  must included a plurality of screws to join the 1° container ring # 75 , the 2° container ring # 77  and the ring # 41 . 
         [0026]    The transmission mechanism of the 1° component # 29  preferably is a shaft with an end # 79  and the other end # 81  where is located the spiral teeth # 31 . 
         [0027]    The 1° component # 19  preferably includes a first connection # 83  joined to the end # 79  of the transmission mechanism of the 1° component # 29  via tongue # 85  and groove located in the end of the shaft # 79 . There are a pair of screws # 86  to join the shaft # 81  via tongue and grove # 85  to the 1° component # 19 . The 1° component includes a 1° connector # 83 , a 2° connector # 93  and a 3° connector # 95 , said connectors are joined via a pin # 96 . 
         [0028]    The 1° component # 19  includes a 2° and 3° connectors # 93  and  95  to locate the thrust bearing # 55  to avoid the longitudinal movement of the 2° component # 21  in relation to the 1° component # 19  and to allow the rotation of the 2° component # 21  in relation to the 1° component  19 , 
         [0029]    thanks to the transmission mechanism of the 1° component # 29  and the transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33 . 
         [0030]    The 2° and 3° connector # 93 ,  95  have a hole located in the inner to be join via screw to the camshaft # 15 . The camshaft # 15  will rotate when the crankshaft # 13  will rotate the 2° component # 21  thanks to the timing belt or chain # 39  and the wheel member # 37 , causing the 3° component # 23  to rotate via the coaction between the ring # 41  and the guides # 43 , causing the 1° component # 19  to rotate via the coaction between the 1° and 3° transmission mechanism # 29 ,  33  as shown in the drawings. Then the camshaft variator device can advance or retard the valve timing when different sensors in the engine to send the respective signal to move the electric motor # 100  and rotating the 4° component # 25  at the same time to apply a longitudinal force over the 3° component # 23  in order to rotate the 1° component # 19  in relation to the 2° component # 21  in the longitudinal axis # 17  of the camshaft # 15 , thanks to the transmission mechanism of the 1° component and 3° component # 29 ,  33  and the interaction between the nylon ring # 41  and the guides # 43 . Another design of the guides (See  FIG. 9A ) shows the same guide with a hole in the inner to be lighter. 
         [0031]    The 4° component # 25  includes many parts to apply a longitudinal force to the 3° component # 23 . It looks like the 4° component of the U.S. Pat. No. 6,640,760, but it is located in other position and it has more parts. The before location was the end of the 3° component # 23  and now it is located between the 2° component # 21  and the 3° component # 23  to achieve a shorter device and more accurate function. 
         [0032]    The 4° component including:
       A ring with a plurality of rods # 69  (at least 2 rods) with round profiles # 69 A located in the end of the rods and holes located in the end of the rods. These holes fit the rods # 98 .   Another ring # 65  including in a face a plurality of profiles of variable height in its length # 65 A and in the other face including a plurality of cavities, in these cavities are located a plurality of profiles of variable height along its length # 67 A and at the same time this piece includes: a plurality of gear teeth # 65 B located in the outer side, and a change section located in the rear side to fit the thrust bearing # 57 .   Another ring # 67  including a plurality of cavities located in one side of the ring, in these cavities are located a plurality of profiles of variable height along its length # 73 B, also including a plurality (at least 4) profiles of variable height along its length # 67 A located in the opposite side, also including gear teeth # 67 B located in the outer side.   Another ring # 73  including a semi-circular cavity # 73 A located in one face where is located an eccentric piece # 91  and in the opposite side including a plurality of profiles of variable height along its length # 73 B.   Another ring # 71  including a change section located in one face, in other hand the ring # 65  including a change section located in the rear; a thrust bearing # 57  is located in both changes section of ring # 71  and ring # 65 .       
 
         [0038]    The electric motor # 100  located in the rods # 98 , via the coaction with the gear teeth # 102  move the straight teeth # 65 B of the ring # 65  to cause the rotation of the ring # 65 ; when the ring # 65  rotates the coaction between the profiles of variable height along its length # 65 A with the round profiles # 69 A of the ring # 69  produce a longitudinal movement of the ring # 65 , therefore the longitudinal movement of the ring # 65  (4° component # 25 ) produce a longitudinal movement of the 3° component # 23 . The longitudinal movement of the 3° component # 23  produces the rotation of the 1° component # 19  via the coaction between the transmission mechanism of the 1° component # 29  and the transmission mechanism of the 3° component # 33 . 
         [0039]    It cause the rotation of the 1° component # 19  relative to the 2° component # 21  and therefore the rotation of the camshaft # 15  in relation to the 2° component # 21 . The 4° component # 25  is a reliable component an at the same time said 4° component # 25  is a simple design. 
         [0040]    All the improvement in the device is in order to improve reliability and function. One of the additional advantages of the 4° component # 25  is varying the height of the profiles # 65 A of the ring # 65  and therefore modify the device to the particular demand of each motor in a wide range of rpm. 
         [0041]    Therefore the device can advance or retard the valve timing when the 4° component # 25  produce a longitudinal movement in the 3° component # 23 , it cause a rotation of the 1° component # 19  in relation to the 2° component # 21  in the longitudinal axis # 17  of the camshaft # 15  via the coaction between the 1° and 3° transmission mechanism # 29 ,  33  and the via the coaction between the ring # 41  and rods # 43 , as shown in the drawings. 
         [0042]    The camshaft variator device is a mechanic device able to rearrange the camshaft of an internal combustion engine to allow high horsepower and high torque at high revolution per minute (rpm), and high power, high torque, less fuel consumption and smooth idle speed at low rpm. The purpose of the device is improving the power in a wide range of rpm. The camshaft variator device including: a 1° component # 19  for being connected or joined to the camshaft # 15 , a 2° component # 21  joined to the crankshaft # 13  via a timing belt or chain, and a 3° component # 23  for joining the 1° and 2° component # 19 ,  21  in a manner which allow the 1° component # 19  and the 2° component # 21  to move with different velocities, which produce a rotational movement in the 1° component # 19  when a longitudinal force is applied to the 3° component, which is capable of rearranging the position of the camshaft # 15  in relation to the crankshaft # 13  while the engine is working. One of the main purposes of the rearranging the camshaft is to change the angle between intake and exhaust cam, because the angle plays an important role in the amount of fuel-air mixture that enters the piston cylinder. Depending on whether the cam opens the intake valve earlier or later, it allows more or less quantity of fuel-air mixture. For example, an engine with an angle between the intake or admission cams and exhaust cams of 114° typically has high power and high torque at low rpm, and good idle speed. On the other hand, an engine with an angle between the intake cam and exhaust cam of 108° has high power and high torque at high rpm. When the intake cam opens the intake valve earlier, the exhaust valve does not close completely, and the exhaust gases escape through the exhaust valve, creating a vacuum. This vacuum boost the intake gases (fuel-air mixture) and allows bigger quantities of intake gases to enter the piston cylinder. That is exactly what is needed at high rpm, because it is required to fill the piston cylinder with fuel-air mixture as much as possible to get more efficient combustion process. When the intake cam opens the intake valve earlier at low rpm, part of the intake gases escape through the exhaust valve because it not close completely and the fitting of the piston cylinder is poor. The result is bad idle speed, high fuel consumption, low horsepower and low torque at lower rpm. While the engine is working in both high and low rpm, the present invention makes the intake camshaft rotate, changing the angle between the intake and exhaust cams so that, therefore, it is possible to get better filling of the piston cylinder when the present invention cause the intake valve to open earlier, closing the angle between the intake and exhaust cams at high rpm. The present invention is preferably set to low rpm, which means that the angle between the intake and exhaust cam are at typical “factory” setting at low rpm, with a relatively wide angle between the intake and exhaust cam, causing the intake valve to open later. The present invention allows the angle between the intake or admission cams and the exhaust cams to be changed by merely applying longitudinal force to improve power and torque at high and low rpm, thus providing high horsepower and torque, with low fuel consumption and less wear. 
         [0043]    The new design of the 4° component # 25  varies the angle of the camshaft and also allows an additional function in order to change the time that the valve is opened. Thank to a 2° electric motor # 101  that interacts with the gear teeth # 67 B rotating the ring # 67  to produce a longitudinal movement of the ring # 73  due to the interaction on the variable height on its length profiles # 73 B. When the ring # 73  moves in horizontal sense to interacts in the semicircular zone # 73 A, the eccentric # 91  rotates to produce an alternative longitudinal movement on the ring # 67  and this one moves the ring # 65  thanks to the interaction of the variable height on its length profiles # 73 B and  67 A respectively. The 3° component # 23  is going to move in alternative longitudinal move because it is joined with the 4° component # 25 . 
         [0044]    The alternative longitudinal movement of the ring # 73  is produced by the eccentric # 91  in the precise moment when the valve is still opened to vary the time, therefore the valve stays opened longer time. The movement is achieved because the eccentric # 91  is synchronized with the 2° component # 21  and at the same time with the crankshaft # 13  therefore the eccentric # 91  rotates when the 2° component # 21  rotates. The alternative longitudinal movement is transmitted via the coaction of the gear teeth # 106  that belongs to the eccentric # 91  and the gear teeth # 107 ,  108  respectively. The gear teeth # 107 ,  108  rotates the gear teeth  41 A that belong to the 2° component # 21 , and the crankshaft # 13  through the drive chain or drive belt rotate the 2° component # 21 . 
         [0045]    The 4° component produces the alternative longitudinal movement when the camshaft # 15  is going to close the admission valve to produce a retard of the camshaft # 15  in relation to the crankshaft # 13 . It makes the admission valve stays opened longer time. The result is a bigger amount of air-fuel mixture to the cylinder. 
         [0046]    Ones the valve is already closed the eccentric # 91  doesn&#39;t work and the movement finish and the 4° component # 25  and the 3° component # 23  back to the original position, therefore the camshaft # 15  back to the original position. The 4° component # 25  is simple and at the same time allows 2 functions in the motor engine:
       change the camshaft angle and   allow the valve stays opened longer time.       
 
         [0049]    The design of the device allows the use of cheap and light materials like plastic, instead of carbon steel. 
         [0050]    Although the present invention has been described and illustrated with respect to a preferred embodiment and a preferred use therefore, it is not to be so limited since modifications and changes can be made therein which are within the full intended scope of the invention. 
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       [0051]      FIG. 1 : It is a side view of the camshaft variator device, where it shows a longitudinal cut. 
         [0052]      FIG. 2 : It is a longitudinal cut of the camshaft variator device. 
         [0053]      FIG. 3 : It is a longitudinal section of the disassembled variator camshaft device. 
         [0054]      FIG. 4 : It is a view of the line  4 - 4  of the  FIG. 2   
         [0055]      FIG. 5 : It is a view of the line  5 - 5  of the  FIG. 2   
         [0056]      FIG. 6 : It is a view of the longitudinal section of the transmission mechanism of the 1° component. 
         [0057]      FIG. 7 : It is a perspective view of the transmission mechanism 
         [0058]      FIG. 8 : It is a perspective view of the move brick of the 3° component 
         [0059]      FIG. 9 : It is a perspective view of the rods of the 3° component 
         [0060]      FIG. 10 : It is a frontal view of the ring of the 2° component 
         [0061]      FIG. 11 : It is a perspective view of the 4° component 
         [0062]      FIG. 12 : It is a view of the line  12 - 12  of the  FIG. 1   
         [0063]      FIG. 13 : It is a view of the line  13 - 13  of the  FIG. 12   
         [0064]      FIG. 14 : It is a view of the line  14 - 14  of the  FIG. 13