Abstract:
The invention is an efficient electric motor which has fixed permanent and electromagnets in the stator with fixed permanent magnets in the rotor. An electronic Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) controller manages the flow of electric power to the electromagnets of the stator. Infrared sensors and Hall sensors provide the controller with the precise location of the rotor thus allowing the controller to provide the maximal electromagnetic forces to provide increased efficiency for the present electric motor. The present inventive motor is useful in an electric automobile or household use.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of Invention 
         [0002]    The present invention is concerned about improved permanent magnet electric motors. Electric motors operate on the principle of magnetic attraction and repulsion forces. Thus in any electric motor that motor rotates when positive magnetic fields of the rotor are forced apart with positive magnetic fields of the stator and negative magnetic fields of the rotor are forced apart by the negative magnetic fields of the stator. The rotor is that part of an electric motor which rotates. The stator is a stationary part of the electric motor. The present invention is the field of a combination of permanent magnet electromagnetic motors. 
         [0003]    2. Background of Invention 
         [0004]    Elements of an electric motor consists of magnetic fields which magnetic fields constantly change, and which magnetic fields constantly attract and repulse each other. The power efficiency of an electric motor comprises of the strength and quantity of the permanent magnets, electromagnetic excitation field resulting in a high strength rotating magnetic flux linkage while keeping minimal heat losses in the iron laminations both in the stator and rotor parts. Other elements include the total rotor mass and its maintained inertia keeping friction minimal by means of greased roller bearings about a centered shaft harnessing the rotor velocity and torque as usable kinetic energy to perform work in horse power ratings. 
         [0005]    As the rotor turns the magnetic field constantly changes, and a small distances can change relatively rapidly. Thus, the present invention combines maximum magnetic field with the changes in magnetic field constantly maintained in a high-level by an outer electronic control that constantly changes variable magnetic excitation fields to provide the maximum attraction and repulsion forces with minimal drop in the resulting magnetic flux linkage. This is achieved by a sustained and rapid release of potential energy expelled from a controlled plurality of high energy magnets along their specified load line as strategically located about the invention, both are used to develop a rotating force field of magnetic energy that is mechanically translated into a sustained kinetic energy in the rotor while it may be under a heavy or minimal external load condition. 
         [0006]    This invention has been computer analyzed in its materials and electronic circuits used in producing specific amounts of rotor velocity and torque from determined magnetic circuit positions which give the best desired results when coupled mechanically to any of several auxiliary subsystems being described in detail below. 
         [0007]    The inventive aspect of the present invention concerns a method of maintaining maximal electromagnetic repulsion or attraction throughout the cycle of rotation of the motor. The Figures will teach how to construct the improved electrical motor. Any number of fasteners or industrial adhesives may be used in the assembly process being described. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0008]    The invention is an efficient electric motor which has fixed permanent and electromagnets in the stator with fixed permanent magnets in the rotor. An electronic Pulse Width Modulator (PWM) controller manages the flow of electric power to the electromagnets of the stator. Infrared sensors and Hall sensors provide the controller with the precise location of the rotor thus allowing the controller to provide the maximal electromagnetic forces to provide increased efficiency for the present electric motor. The present inventive motor is useful in an electric automobile or household use. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF FIGURES 
         [0009]      FIG. 1  shows expanded rotor assembly  1  of the improved motor. 
           [0010]      FIG. 2  shows the expanded core assembly of the stator  2 . 
           [0011]      FIG. 3  shows assembled stator  2 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 4  shows drive shaft  1 E which is affixed with the Cordal spline  225  to Cordal splined central opening  224  of aluminum hub  1   c  with a first shoulder washier  1   m  and bolt. 
           [0013]      FIG. 5  shows the details of detect and feedback controls that allow the increased efficiencies of the present invention. 
           [0014]      FIG. 6  shows a schematic diagram of the connected systems of the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 7  shows that to start the motor, rotor  2  must be rotated from the state of neutral magnetic flux. 
           [0016]      FIG. 8  shows targeted un-commutated maximal magnetic field circuit alignment of rotor  1  to stator  2 . 
           [0017]      FIG. 9  is a more complete parts key to assist understanding of the invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 10  show the three views of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 11  shows uses of invention with alternator regulator  8  as intended for more efficient automobile propulsion and option  2 , connected generator for household use for CO 2  reduction. 
           [0020]      FIG. 12  shows BCD codes generated by Hall magnets  5   b  in rotation. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION 
       [0021]      FIG. 1  shows expanded rotor assembly  1  of the improved motor. Rotor magnets of the present invention, optimally neodymium iron boron (NdFeB) magnets hereafter NdFeB magnets  1   a  are shown as a gathered ring  1   a . Optimally, the number of magnets is 36. The free independent magnets of  1   a  are held as an array of magnets within laminated steel sheets  1   b . Laminated steel sheets  1   b  with magnets are placed within cavity  222  of aluminum hub  1 C. Note, aluminum hub  1 C has Cordal splined central opening  224  for drive shaft  1   e . (Cordal splined is one of any number of drive shaft attachment means. (Drive shaft  1   e  is shown in  FIG. 4 .) Retainer ring  1 F securely holds the assembly together. 
         [0022]      FIG. 2  shows the expanded core assembly of the stator  2 . Laminated steel sheets  2   a  are the framework of the stator. A total of 24 NdFeB magnets are shown as  2   b . Stator assembly has NdFeB magnets affixed (pressed) within laminated steel sheets  2   a.    
         [0023]    Coils  3   b  are directly wired  203  to controller  201  (shown diagrammatically in  FIG. 6 ) PWN to receive electricity from that controller. The stator assembly  FIG. 2  is used to control the rotation induced into the outer complement of 36 magnets of the rotor assembly  1 . Coil blocks  3   c  hold the coils  3   b  stationary within the laminated steel sheets  2   a.    
         [0024]      FIG. 3  shows assembled stator  2 . Typically, a stator does not move. Assembled stator  2  is affixed bearing base  2   c  on extended rim  2   s  with affixing means such as bolts (not shown). The mounting means is bearing base  2   c . Bearing base  2   c  has holes  2   j . Bolts join and affix bearing base  2   c  holes  2   j  to mounting core opening  2   k  holes  2   m . Bearing base  2   c  has extended rim  2   s  which fits into hollow  2   t  of assembled magnet part  2  of stator. 
         [0025]    Other aspects of the improved invention are shown in  FIG. 3 . Starter bracket  7  receives high torque automotive starter  7   a . Flex plate  1   h  (14″ Ring Gear) is rotated by starter  7   a . The assembled invention is shown as front view  39 . 
         [0026]    By definition, a motor requires a rotor to spin relative to a stator.  FIG. 4  shows drive shaft  1 E which is affixed with the Cordal spline  225  to Cordal splined central opening  224  of aluminum hub  1   c  with a first shoulder washier  1   m  and bolt. (Opposite Cordal splined end  226  is placed within shaft coupler  1   g  opening  227  ( FIG. 3 ) and is held in place by a second shoulder washer  1   i  and bolt to shaft  1   e . ( FIG. 1  shows expanded internal components of the rotor of the present invention.) ( FIG. 3  shows bearing mount  2   c  to be affixed to motor hanger bracket  2   d .) Returning to  FIG. 4  bearings (Sealed)  1 L are held in place within bearing base  2   c  by snap rings  1   k  where shaft  1   e  is center set in bearings  1 L and held fixed by snap rings  1   j.    
         [0027]      FIG. 5  shows the details of detect and feedback controls that allow the increased efficiencies of the present invention. Shaft coupler  1   g  has slots  88  each 0.025″ wide spaced at 5 degrees apart for a total 72. Infrared reflective sensor  6   FIG. 5  is used to generate index pulses every 5 degrees of rotor movement. Infrared reflective sensor  6  send and receive pulses which mixes the index and tachometer pulse stream and is used to determine initial rotor commutation start angles of 55 plus or minus 1 degree, 255 plus or minus 1 degree, and 355 plus or minus 1 degree. In operating slots  88  with reflective sensor  6  become a tachometer of rotor RPM when coupled to a micro controller  201  in increased efficiency motor. Sensor arms  5  are attached to flange face  90 . Both reflective sensors  6  and Hall sensors are mounted on sensor arm  5 . 
         [0028]    The 3 Hall sensors  5   a  act in combination with Hall magnets  5   b . The assembled combination of a Hall sensor, bypass capacitor and lead wire connections are affixed by screws and are mounted at 60 degree positions on the flange face  90  with screws. Hall magnets  5   b  each is a 180 degree arc secured to the shaft coupler  1   g . The ends of both magnet arcs  5   b  are installed at minus 25 degrees in the groves provided on the shaft coupler  1   g.    
         [0029]      FIG. 6  shows a schematic diagram of the connected systems of the present invention. Schematic box  201  is a 3 phase PWM (pulse width modulated) motor controller such as the Luminary □ micro LM3 S 8971 BLDC motor control RDK heretofore and hereafter called controller  201 . Electric current to rotate the present invention is controlled by controller  201  through connecting wires  203  to the 12 phase coils  3   b . (Shown in  FIG. 2 .) Note,  FIG. 2  does not show the connecting wires  203 . 
         [0030]    To start the motor, rotor  2  must be rotated from the state of neutral magnetic flux seen in  FIG. 7 . Note, neutral magnetic flux is considered point  0  or detent. Power for startup rotation described below is from power source (battery)  94 . Standard programmable three phase motor controller  201  engages and disengages starter  7 A at specified degrees. Targeted un-commutated maximal magnetic field circuit alignment of rotor  1  to stator  2  is achieved at  55 ,  255 , or  355  each plus or minus 1 degree (shown in  FIG. 8 ) which will cause maximum torque onto shaft  1   e . This rotation degree change from starting point zero to 55, 255, or 355 is directed from controller  201  to starter  7   a . (See  FIG. 3 ) Starter  7   a  engages geared flex plate  7   h  to move to the 55, 255, or 355 degrees wherein the motor immediately disengages. Controller  201  would then begin commutation of the 12 phase coils  3   b  while rotor position is detected by three Hall sensors  5   a  generating six BCD codes in controller  201  as shown in  FIG. 12  every 60 degrees of rotor displacement. 
         [0031]    Controller  201  receives the precise degree of rotation from monitoring infrared sensors  6  and  6   a . There is also an index pulse signal generated every 5 degrees of rotor displacement by a reflective infrared sensor detecting 0.025″ slots  88  in the shaft coupler  1   g  shown in  FIG. 5 . Infrared sensor  6  works in combination with Hall sensors coordinated by comptroller  201 . 
         [0032]      FIG. 9  is a more complete parts key to assist understanding of the invention. 
         [0033]      FIG. 10  show the three views of the invention. 
         [0034]      FIG. 11  shows uses of invention with alternator regulator  8  as intended for more efficient automobile propulsion and option  2 , connected generator for household use for CO 2  reduction. 
         [0035]      FIG. 12  shows BCD codes generated by Hall magnets  5   b  in rotation.