Abstract:
A process management apparatus allows even a user with a low level of technical skills to accurately and quickly estimate a failure factor when a failure occurs in an object of processing due to a failure of processing in a processing system that performs processing for the object. An estimation processor reads out information on conditions leading to failure factors from an estimation knowledge recording section and presents the conditions to a user as questions in order. Analysis IDs are associated with the respective conditions. A data processor receives analysis ID information of a condition corresponding to a question to read out data collection method information and data processing method information corresponding to a relevant ID, performs analysis in accordance with the data collection method information and the data processing method information, and presents an analysis result to the user.

Description:
[0001]     This application claims priority from Japanese patent applications JP P2005-157988, filed on May 30, 2005. The entire content of the aforementioned application is incorporated herein by reference.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to a process management apparatus, a process management method, a process management program, and a recording medium having the program recorded therein for managing a process for processing an object.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     In a production line of a factory, processing for improving a process is required in order to improve yield. Process improvement is performed by specifying a step that causes a failure of a manufactured product and then corrects the step to eliminate the cause.  
         [0006]     However, in a manufacturing process including plural steps, various factors are conceivable as candidates of a cause of a failure. The factors include a defect of a component of a manufacturing apparatus, a problem of setting of the manufacturing apparatus, and a problem in a transportation route. Thus, it is extremely difficult to specify a cause of the failure.  
         [0007]     When a phenomenon that causes a failure appears, symptoms of the failure appear in manufactured products. Moreover, an operation history of a manufacturing apparatus and an inspection history of an inspection apparatus may be affected more or less. Data concerning symptoms of defective products and data concerning the operation history of the manufacturing apparatus and the inspection history of the inspection apparatus are enormous. Thus, it is also difficult to analyze the cause of the failure.  
         [0008]     A person in charge of production management having a lot of experience concerning production management knows, through the experience, a relation among influences of the cause of the failure on the defective products, the manufacturing apparatus, and the inspection apparatus and a method of interpretation of the influences. Thus, it is possible to efficiently carry out process improvement. However, a person in charge of production management not having much experience specifies a cause of the failure by examining candidates of the cause one by one. Thus, a great deal of time is consumed for process improvement.  
         [0009]     Therefore, a method with which even people in charge of production management in all levels of technical skills can highly accurately and highly efficiently realize estimation of a cause of abnormality is demanded in a production site. As such a method, a method of analyzing a cause of a failure in a production line of printed boards is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3511632 (issued Mar. 29, 2004). In this method of analyzing a cause of a failure, a relation between a printing result and a mounting result, a relation between a mounting result and a soldering result, and the like are indicated by probabilities and a failure factor is estimated on the basis of the probabilities.  
         [0010]     However, in the method disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3511632, a failure factor to be estimated is provided as content of processing in respective steps. Thus, it is impossible to accurately specify a failure factor concerning a failure not caused solely by processing in the respective steps such as a failure caused by an interaction among plural steps.  
         [0011]     In order to accurately specify such a failure factor, it is conceivable to estimate a failure factor by checking all kinds of knowledge concerning all failure occurrence mechanisms assumed. However, in the case of this method, the estimation of a failure factor takes an extremely long time.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     The invention has been devised in view of the problems described above and it is an object of the invention to provide a process management apparatus, a process management program, a recording medium having the process management program recorded therein, and a process management method for allowing even a user having a low level of technical skills to accurately and quickly estimate a failure factor when a failure occurs in an object of processing because of a failure of the processing in a processing system for processing the object.  
         [0013]     In order to solve the problems, a process management apparatus according an aspect of the invention includes: an estimation knowledge recording section that records factor estimation knowledge information that associates one or more candidates of failure factors with each of plural failure results, which can occur in a processing system for processing an object, and includes information concerning conditions leading to the respective failure factors and analysis ID information corresponding to the respective conditions; an analysis method recording section that records analysis method information of inspection result data concerning an inspection result of a process in the processing system and analysis ID information corresponding to the respective pieces of analysis method information; factor estimating means for estimating, on the basis of the factor estimation knowledge information corresponding to a specific failure result, a failure factor corresponding to the failure result; and analysis processing means for analyzing inspection result data on the basis of the analysis method information. The factor estimating means presents the conditions required for estimation of a failure factor to a user as questions. The analysis processing means receives analysis ID information of the condition corresponding to the questions to thereby perform analysis on the basis of the analysis method information corresponding to the ID and present an analysis result to the user.  
         [0014]     In order to solve the problems, a process management method according to another aspect of the invention includes: an estimation knowledge recording step of recording factor estimation knowledge information that associates one or more candidates of failure factors with each of plural failure results, which can occur in a processing system for processing an object, and includes information concerning conditions for the respective failure factors and analysis ID information corresponding to the respective conditions; an analysis method recording step of recording analysis method information of inspection result data concerning an inspection result of a process in the processing system and analysis ID information corresponding to the respective pieces of analysis method information; a factor estimating step of estimating, on the basis of the factor estimation knowledge information corresponding to a specific failure result, a failure factor corresponding to the failure result; and an analysis processing step of analyzing inspection result data on the basis of the analysis method information. In the factor estimating step, the conditions required for estimation of a failure factor are presented to a user as questions. In the analysis processing step, analysis ID information of the condition corresponding to the questions is received, whereby analysis is performed on the basis of the analysis method information corresponding to the ID and an analysis result is presented to the user.  
         [0015]     According to these aspects of the invention, the factor estimation knowledge information and the analysis method information are prepared in advance. As described above, the factor estimation knowledge information associates one or more candidates of failure factors with each of plural failure results and includes the information concerning conditions leading to the respective failure factors and the analysis ID information corresponding to the respective conditions. The analysis method information includes the plural pieces of analysis method information and the analysis ID information for specifying the respective pieces of analysis method information. In other words, the respective conditions in the factor estimation knowledge information and the analysis method information are associated with each other by an analysis ID.  
         [0016]     When a condition required for estimation of a failure factor is presented to a user as a question, an analysis result obtained by performing analysis in accordance with the analysis method information associated with the condition of the question by the analysis ID is presented to the user. Thus, the user is allowed to obtain an analysis result of most appropriate inspection result data even if the user does not know how to perform an analysis of inspection result data in response to the question required for estimation of a failure factor. Thus, it is possible to provide a process management apparatus that allows even a user unaccustomed to process management to quickly and accurately perform factor estimation.  
         [0017]     For example, when the analysis method information is included in the factor estimation knowledge information, it is necessary to record the respective pieces of analysis method information with respect to all conditions in the factor estimation knowledge information. Thus, there is an enormous amount of information. According to the aspects of the invention described above, the analysis method information and the factor estimation knowledge information are provided separately and are associated with each other by an analysis ID. Consequently, it is possible to reduce an amount of information that should be prepared.  
         [0018]     In still another aspect of the invention, in the process management apparatus, the analysis method information may be data collection method information that indicates which inspection result data should be collected out of the inspection result data and data processing method information concerning a processing method for data collected. The analysis ID may specify a combination of the data collection method information and the data processing method information.  
         [0019]     According to this aspect of the invention, the data collection method information and the data processing method information are included as the analysis method information. Thus, the analysis processing means can collect inspection result data to be required from inspection result data on the basis of the data collection method information and process and analyze the inspection result data collected on the basis of the data processing method information. This makes it possible to cause the analysis processing means to more surely perform the analysis.  
         [0020]     In still another aspect of the invention, the process management apparatus may further include: inspection result inputting means for receiving inspection result data from an inspection apparatus that inspects a process in the processing system; and an inspection result recording section that records the inspection result data received by the inspection result inputting means. The analysis processing means may acquire inspection result data from the inspection result recording section and perform an analysis.  
         [0021]     According to this aspect of the invention, inspection result data is received by the inspection result inputting means as a result of inspection in the inspection apparatus. The inspection result data received is recorded in the inspection result recording section. Thus, the analysis processing means only has to perform an analysis by reading out the inspection result data recorded in the inspection result recording section. Therefore, for example, compared with the case in which an inspection result is acquired from the inspection apparatus, it is possible to acquire inspection result data required when the inspection result data is necessary.  
         [0022]     In still another aspect of the invention, in the process management apparatus, the analysis processing means may receive the analysis ID information according to an input from the user.  
         [0023]     According to this aspect of the invention, the user inputs analysis ID information to the analysis processing means. This makes it unnecessary to provide means for passing the analysis ID information from the factor estimating means to the analysis processing means. Thus, when the factor estimating means and the analysis processing means are provided independently from each other, it is possible to simplify constitutions of the factor estimating means and the analysis processing means.  
         [0024]     In still another aspect of the invention, in the process management apparatus, the factor estimating means may transmit analysis ID information of a condition corresponding to a question presented to the user at the present point to the analysis processing means. The analysis processing means may receive the analysis ID information from the factor estimating means.  
         [0025]     According to this aspect of the invention, the factor estimating means transmits the analysis ID information of a condition corresponding to a question presented to the user at the present point to the analysis processing means. The analysis processing means receives the analysis ID information from the factor estimating means. Thus, analysis processing corresponding to the presented question is executed without intervention of the user. This makes it possible to more quickly perform the factor estimation processing.  
         [0026]     In still another aspect of the invention, in the process management apparatus, the factor estimating means may transmit information on a failure result to the analysis processing means. The analysis processing means may perform an analysis on the basis of the information on the failure result received from the factor estimating means and the analysis method information.  
         [0027]     According to this aspect of the invention, the information on the failure result is passed from the factor estimating means to the analysis processing means. Thus, it is possible to reduce time and labor for the user to input the information on the failure result to the analysis processing means. This makes it possible to more quickly perform the factor estimation processing.  
         [0028]     The process management apparatus may be realized by a computer. In this case, a process management program for the process management apparatus that causes the computer to realize the process management apparatus by causing the computer to operate as the respective means described above and a computer readable recording medium having the process management program recorded therein also fall into the category of the invention. As described above, the process management apparatus includes: an estimation knowledge recording section that records factor estimation knowledge information that associates one or more candidates of failure factors with each of plural failure results, which can occur in a processing system for processing an object, and includes information concerning conditions leading to the respective failure factors and analysis ID information corresponding to the respective conditions; an analysis method recording section that records analysis method information of inspection result data concerning an inspection result of a process in the processing system and analysis ID information corresponding to the respective pieces of analysis method information; factor estimating means for estimating, on the basis of the factor estimation knowledge information corresponding to a specific failure result, a failure factor corresponding to the failure result; and analysis processing means for analyzing inspection result data on the basis of the analysis method information. The factor estimating means presents the conditions required for estimation of a failure factor to a user as a question. The analysis processing means receives analysis ID information of the condition corresponding to the question to thereby perform analysis on the basis of the analysis method information corresponding to the ID and present an analysis result to the user.  
         [0029]     Thus, there is an effect that it is possible to provide a process management apparatus that allows even a user unaccustomed to process management to accurately perform factor estimation. Since the analysis method information and the factor estimation knowledge information are provided separately and the analysis method information and the factor estimation knowledge information are associated by an analysis ID, it is possible to reduce an amount of information that should be prepared. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0030]     In the accompanying drawings:  
         [0031]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram showing a schematic constitution of a process management apparatus according to an embodiment of the invention;  
         [0032]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram showing a schematic constitution of a production system including the process management apparatus;  
         [0033]      FIG. 3  is a diagram showing an example of a data collection and processing table;  
         [0034]      FIG. 4  is a diagram showing an example of tree structure data of factor estimation knowledge information;  
         [0035]      FIG. 5  is a diagram showing an example of a factor estimation screen;  
         [0036]      FIG. 6  is a diagram showing an example of an analysis result screen; and  
         [0037]      FIG. 7  is a flowchart showing a flow of analysis processing and factor estimation processing.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0038]     An embodiment of the invention will be hereinafter explained with reference to the accompanying drawings. In this embodiment, a process management system applied to a production system having a production line for printed boards will be explained. However, the invention is not limited to the production system for printed boards. It is possible to apply the invention to overall management for a process for processing an object. The process for processing an object means, for example, a production process for industrial products, an inspection process for mining and manufacturing products, agricultural products, or row materials, a treatment process for disposal objects (e.g., factory wastes, factory waste water, waste gas, and refuse), an inspection process for disposal objects, an inspection process for facilities, and a recycle process.  
         [0039]     Constitution of the Production System  
         [0040]     First, a production system (a processing system)  1  for printed boards to which the process management system according to this embodiment is applied will be explained with reference to  FIG. 2 . A production line in the production system  1  includes respective processes for manufacturing printed boards (a printing process, a mounting process, a reflow process, and the like). In an example shown in the figure, the production system  1  includes a printing apparatus  11  that performs a solder printing process for pasting solder on a substrate, a mounting apparatus  12  that performs a component mounting process for mounting electronic components on the substrate, a soldering apparatus  13  that performs a reflow process for soldering the electronic components on the substrate, and a process management apparatus  10  that performs management of the production system  1 . The printing apparatus  11 , the mounting apparatus  12 , and the soldering apparatus  13  are arranged in this order from upstream to downstream in a flow of a manufactured product of the production system  1 .  
         [0041]     A print inspection apparatus  14   a  is arranged near the printing apparatus  11 . A mounting inspection apparatus  14   b  is arranged near the mounting apparatus  12 . A soldering inspection apparatus  14   c  is arranged near the soldering apparatus  13 . The print inspection apparatus  14   a  inspects a quality of a substrate processed by the printing apparatus  11 . The mounting inspection apparatus  14   b  inspects a substrate processed by the mounting apparatus  12 . The soldering inspection apparatus  14   c  inspects a substrate processed by the soldering apparatus  13 . In the following explanation, when it is unnecessary to distinguish the print inspection apparatus  14   a , the mounting inspection apparatus  14   b , and the soldering inspection apparatus  14   c , these apparatuses are simply referred to as inspection apparatuses  14 .  
         [0042]     The process management apparatus  10  collectively manages the entire production system  1  and performs factor estimation processing and analysis processing described later. The process management apparatus  10  receives an input of various kinds of information and an instruction input from a user serving as a production manager and performs various kinds of processing.  
         [0043]     The process management apparatus  10 , the printing apparatus  11 , the mounting apparatus  12 , the soldering apparatus  13 , the print inspection apparatus  14   a , the mounting inspection apparatus  14   b , and the soldering inspection apparatus  14   c  are connected to one another by a communication line to form a communication network. Any network may be adopted as the communication network as long as the respective apparatuses are capable of communicating with one another through the network. For example, it is assumed that a Local Area Network (LAN) is adopted as the communication network.  
         [0044]     It is also possible that a terminal apparatus with which a user performs an operation input is provided separately from the process management apparatus  10  to be connected to the communication network and a data input to the process management apparatus  10  and various kinds of screen displays are performed by the terminal apparatus.  
         [0045]     In the example described above, the inspection apparatuses  14  are provided in association with the printing apparatus  11 , the mounting apparatus  12 , and the soldering apparatus  13 , respectively. At least one inspection apparatus  14  only has to be provided in the production system  1 . For example, if at least the soldering inspection apparatus  14   c  is provided, it is possible to detect a failure that occurs in a final manufacturing result.  
         [0046]     Constitution of the Process Management Apparatus  
         [0047]     A constitution of the process management apparatus  10  will be hereinafter explained with reference to  FIG. 1 . As shown in the figure, the process management apparatus  10  includes a factor estimating unit (factor estimating means)  20 , an analysis processor (analysis processing means)  30 , an inspection result inputting unit (inspection result inputting means)  40 , an inputting unit  50 , and a display unit  60 .  
         [0048]     The inputting unit  50  receives an instruction input and an information input from the user. The inputting unit  50  is constituted by, for example, key inputting means such as a keyboard and buttons or a pointing device such as a mouse. The display unit  60  displays various processing contents in the process management apparatus  10 . The display unit  60  is constituted by, for example, a display device such as a liquid crystal display or a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT).  
         [0049]     The inspection result inputting unit  40  receives data concerning an inspection result of a manufacturing process in the production system  1 . The inspection result inputting unit  40  includes a print result inputting unit  41 , a mounting result inputting unit  42 , a soldering result inputting unit  43 , and a manufacturing apparatus history inputting unit  44 . The printing result inputting unit  41  receives a result of inspection by the print inspection apparatus  14   a . The mounting result inputting unit  42  receives a result of inspection by the mounting inspection apparatus  14   b . The soldering result inputting unit  43  receives a result of inspection by the soldering inspection apparatus  14   c . The manufacturing apparatus history inputting unit  44  receives information on a manufacturing history from the printing apparatus  11 , the mounting apparatus  12 , and the soldering apparatus  13 .  
         [0050]     The inspection result inputting unit  40  only has to receive information on an inspection result from at least one of the printing apparatus  11 , the mounting apparatus  12 , the soldering apparatus  13 , the print inspection apparatus  14   a , the mounting inspection apparatus  14   b , and the soldering inspection apparatus  14   c . For example, if the inspection result inputting unit  40  receives only inspection result data concerning a soldering result from the soldering inspection apparatus  14   c , it is possible to acquire inspection result data concerning a failure that occurs in a final manufacturing result.  
         [0051]     The analysis processor  30  performs analysis processing for a manufacturing state on the basis of data concerning an inspection result. The analysis display control unit  31  includes an analysis display control unit  31 , a data processor  32 , an analysis method searching unit  33 , a data collection processor  34 , a data collection and processing table (an analysis method recording section)  35 , and a process state database (an inspection result recording section)  36 .  
         [0052]     The process state database  36  is a database that records data concerning an inspection result of a manufacturing process in the production system  1  (inspection result data) received by the inspection result inputting unit  40 . A result of inspection by the print inspection apparatus  14   a , a result of inspection by the mounting inspection apparatus  14   b , a result of inspection by the soldering inspection apparatus  14   c , and information on a manufacturing history from the printing apparatus  11 , the mounting apparatus  12 , and the soldering apparatus  13  are recorded in the process state database  36 . The process state database  36  is recorded in a recording medium such as a hard disk device.  
         [0053]     The data collection and processing table  35  records information on a data collection method and information on a processing method for data collected. The information on a data collecting method indicates information concerning which data is collected out of a large number of inspection result data recorded in the process state database  36 . The information on a data processing method indicates information concerning how the data collected by the data collecting method corresponding to the data processing method should be processed and analyzed. An analysis ID for specifying a combination of the information on a data collection method and the information on a processing method for data collected is also recorded in the data collection and processing table  35 . The data collection and processing table  35  is recorded in a recording medium such as a hard disk device. Details of the data collection and processing table  35  will be described later.  
         [0054]     The data processor  32  performs data processing required for analysis processing in the analyzing processor  30 . The data processor  32  acquires information on a data collection method and information on a data processing method from the analysis method searching unit  33  according to an instruction input inputted from the inputting unit  50 . The information on a data collection method acquired is transmitted to the data collection processor  34  and data required by an analysis is acquired. The data processor  32  applies data processing to the acquired data on the basis of the information on a data processing method acquired and transmits an analysis result to the analysis display control unit  31 .  
         [0055]     The analysis method searching unit  33  performs processing for acquiring information on a data collection method and information on a data processing method corresponding to an instruction from the data processor  32  and transmitting the information acquired to the data processor  32 . When information for specifying the analysis ID is sent from the data processor  32 , the analysis method searching unit  33  specifies a data collection method and a data processing method that should be acquired. Examples of the analysis ID include information by a character, information by a numerical value, and information by a barcode. When the information by a barcode is used, a barcode reader is used as the inputting unit  50 .  
         [0056]     The data collection processor  34  performs processing for acquiring inspection result data, which corresponds to an instruction from the data processor  32 , from the process state database  36  and transmitting the inspection result data to the data processor  32 . The analysis display control unit  31  controls screen display on the display unit  60  concerning analysis processing. Examples of the screen display concerning analysis processing include an analysis result screen described later.  
         [0057]     The factor estimating unit  20  performs, concerning information on a failure result inputted by the user, processing for estimating a factor of the failure result. The factor estimating unit  20  includes an estimation processor  21 , a factor estimation display control unit  22 , and an estimation knowledge recording section  23 .  
         [0058]     The estimation knowledge recording section  23  records factor estimation knowledge information. The factor estimation knowledge information is information for searching for a factor of each of plural failure result. The estimation knowledge recording section  23  is recorded in a recording medium such as a hard disk device. Details of the factor estimation knowledge information will be described later.  
         [0059]     The estimation processor  21  reads out factor estimation knowledge information concerning a failure result, which is inputted from the inputting unit  50 , from the estimation knowledge recording section  23  and performs estimation of a factor on the basis of the factor estimation knowledge information. Although not described in detail, the factor estimation knowledge information includes branching judgment used as a condition. When an answer to the branching judgment is inputted from the inputting unit  50 , factor estimation is performed. The factor estimation display control unit  22  controls screen display on the display unit  60  concerning factor estimation processing. Examples of the screen display concerning the factor estimation processing include a factor estimation screen described later.  
         [0060]     Data Collection and Processing Table  
         [0061]     The data collection and processing table  35  will be explained with reference to  FIG. 3 . As shown in the figure the data collection and processing table  35  includes plural analysis IDs for specifying combinations of information on a data collection method and information on a processing method for data collected and also includes data collection method information and data processing method information corresponding to the respective analysis IDs.  
         [0062]     The data collection method information indicates information concerning which data should be collected out of the inspection result data stored in the process state database  36 . Examples of the data collection method information in the example shown in  FIG. 3  will be hereinafter described.  
         [0063]     Data collection method information corresponding to an analysis ID: A is component deviation amounts of all components on a substrate identical with a substrate on which a designated defective product is formed. Data collection information corresponding to an analysis ID: B is solder printing transfer ratios of components in positions that are the same as positions of defective components on all substrates after start of manufacturing of a lot identical with a lot of the designated defective product. Data collection method information corresponding to an analysis ID: C is component deviation amounts of components in positions that are the same as positions of defective components on substrates manufactured in a period from a line start time on a day identical with a day of manufacturing of the designated defective product to manufacturing of the designated defective product. Data collection method information corresponding to an analysis ID: D is component deviation amounts of all components on all substrates of a lot identical with a lot of the designated defective product and numbers of nozzles of mounters mounted with the components.  
         [0064]     The data processing method information indicates information on an analysis method for data collected on the basis of the data collection method information and information on a display method for an analysis result. Examples of the data processing method information in the example shown in  FIG. 3  will be described.  
         [0065]     Data processing method information corresponding to the analysis ID: A indicates a method of illustrating a substrate and displaying components in corresponding component positions in four stages: components having large deviation amounts are displayed in red and components having small deviation amounts are displayed in blue. Data processing method information corresponding to an analysis ID: B indicates a method of dividing a substrate into ten areas in an X axis direction and displaying an average of transfer ratios in the respective areas in a histogram. Data processing method information corresponding to an analysis ID: C indicates a method of representing component deviation amounts as a line graph with time set on an abscissa and a component deviation amount set on an ordinate. Data processing method information corresponding to an analysis ID: D indicates a method of calculating an average of component deviation amounts for each of nozzle numbers and representing the average as a line graph.  
         [0066]     The analysis method searching unit  33  specifies information on a designated data collection method and information on a designated data processing method from such a data collection and processing table  35  and transmits the information to the data processor  32 . The data processor  32  transmits the information on the data collection method received to the data collection processor  34 . Inspection result data stored in the process state database  36  is extracted in accordance with the information. The data processor  32  performs an analytical arithmetic operation on the basis of the inspection result data extracted and in accordance with the data processing method received. The analysis display control unit  31  displays an analysis result.  
         [0067]     Factor Estimation Knowledge Information  
         [0068]     Factor estimation knowledge information will be hereinafter explained with reference to  FIG. 4 . As shown in the figure, the factor estimation knowledge information is data of a tree structure for searching for factors of respective failure results. Explaining the factor estimation knowledge information in detail, the factor estimation knowledge information associates one or more candidates of failure factors with the respective failure results and includes information concerning conditions leading to the respective failure factors. In other words, in the tree structure of the factor estimation knowledge information, it is possible to reach a specific failure factor when branches of conditions are selected with respect to a certain failure result on the basis of information concerning an occurrence state of a failure.  
         [0069]     An example shown in  FIG. 4 , that is, factor estimation knowledge information in the case in which a failure result is a bridge failure will be hereinafter explained as an example of the factor estimation knowledge information. First, in a condition C 1 , it is judged whether a component deviation decreases after a production line is started. The analysis ID: C is set for the condition C 1 . In other words, judgment of the condition C 1  is performed on the basis of information obtained by collecting inspection result data according to the data collection method corresponding the analysis ID: C and analyzing and displaying the inspection result data according to the data processing method corresponding to the analysis ID: C.  
         [0070]     In the case of YES in the condition C 1 , that is, when it is judged that a component deviation decreases after the production line is started, it is judged in a condition C 2  whether a component deviation amount of a nozzle mounted with an object defective component is large compared with those of other nozzles. The analysis ID: D is set for the condition C 2 . In other words, judgment of the condition C 2  is performed on the basis of information obtained by collecting inspection result data according to the data collection method corresponding to the analysis ID: D and analyzing and displaying the inspection result data according to the data processing method corresponding to the analysis ID: D.  
         [0071]     In the case of YES in the condition C 2 , that is, when it is judged that the component deviation amount of the nozzle mounted with the object defective component is large compared with those of the other nozzles, it is judged that a failure factor is a failure factor F 1 , that is, a break of the nozzle of the mounting apparatus  12  (a mounter). On the other hand, in the case of NO in the condition C 2 , that is, when it is judged that the component deviation amount of the nozzle mounted with the object defective component is not large compared with those of the other nozzles, it is judged that a failure factor is a failure factor F 2 , that is, weak absorption force of nozzles of the mounting apparatus  12  (the mounter).  
         [0072]     On the other hand, in the case of NO in the condition C 1 , that is, when it is judged that a component deviation does not decrease after the production line is started, it is judged in a condition C 3  whether a printing area changes in a fixed direction. The analysis ID: B is set for the condition C 3 . In other words, judgment of the condition C 2  is performed on the basis of information obtained by collecting inspection result data according to the data collection method corresponding to the analysis ID: B and analyzing and displaying the inspection result data according to the data processing method corresponding to the analysis ID: B.  
         [0073]     In the case of YES in the condition C 3 , that is, when it is judged that a printing area changes in a fixed direction, it is judged that a failure factor is a failure factor F 3 , that is, a break of a drag of the printing apparatus  11  (a printing machine).  
         [0074]     On the other hand, in the case of NO in the condition C 3 , that is, when it is judged that a printing area does not change in a fixed direction, it is judged in a condition C 4  whether warp of a substrate occurs in a place where component deviation is large. The analysis ID: A is set for the condition C 4 . In other words, judgment of the condition C 3  is performed on the basis of information obtained by collecting inspection result data according to the data collection method corresponding to the analysis ID: A and analyzing and displaying the inspection result data according to the data processing method corresponding to the analysis ID: A.  
         [0075]     In the case of YES in the condition C 4 , that is, when it is judged that warp of a substrate occurs in a place where component deviation is large, it is judged that a failure factor is a failure factor F 4 , that is, careless handling at the time of storage of a substrate. On the other hand, in the case of NO in the condition C 4 , that is, when it is judged that warp of a substrate does not occur in a place where component deviation is large, it is judged that a failure factor is a failure factor F 5 , that is, adhesion of stain to a mask opening.  
         [0076]     Factor Estimation Screen  
         [0077]     A display screen displayed on the display unit  60  in the factor estimation processing performed by the factor estimating unit  20  (hereinafter referred to as factor estimation screen) will be explained with reference to  FIG. 5 . As shown in the figure, a failure result designation area FA 1 , an estimated process display area FA 2 , and a factor candidate display area FA 3  are provided on the factor estimation screen.  
         [0078]     There are three input areas in the failure result designation area FA 1 . The three input areas are a failure type input area in which a type of a failure result is inputted, a component type input area in which a type of a component in which a failure occurs is inputted, and a component size input area in which a size of the component in which the failure occurs is inputted. When the occurrence of the failure is detected by the user, information on the failure result is inputted to the three input areas. As the input to the three input areas, a character may be directly inputted by the user. Alternatively, it is also possible that options are displayed by a drop-down list or the like and the user selects a specific item out of the options and inputs the specific item.  
         [0079]     A question display area in which a question required for estimation of a failure factor is displayed, answer input buttons for inputting an answer to the question, and an analysis ID display area in which an analysis ID is displayed are provided in the estimated process display area FA 2 . Conditions included in factor estimation knowledge information corresponding to a relevant failure result are sequentially displayed in the question display area in accordance with a tree structure.  
         [0080]     First, the estimation processor  21  specifies a failure result on the basis of information on a failure inputted in the failure result designation area FA 1 . The estimation processor  21  reads out data of a tree structure of factor estimation knowledge information corresponding to the failure result from the estimation knowledge recording section  23 . The factor estimation display control unit  22  displays conditions in the question display area in order in accordance with the tree structure. The estimation processor  21  reads out an analysis ID corresponding to a condition displayed in the question display area from the estimation knowledge recording section  23 . The factor estimation display control unit  22  displays the analysis ID in the analysis ID display area.  
         [0081]     Thereafter, the analysis processor  30  analyzes inspection result data on the basis of the analysis ID. An analysis result is displayed. The user judges an answer to the question displayed in the question display area by looking at this analysis result and inputs an answer from the answer input buttons by the user. Thereafter, the next conditions are sequentially displayed in the question display area in accordance with the answer.  
         [0082]     Candidates of failure factors at a point of a condition displayed in the question display area are displayed in the factor candidate display area FA 3 . In other words, at a point when the first condition in the tree structure of the factor estimation knowledge information is displayed, all candidates of failure factors of a relevant failure result are displayed. The candidates of failure factors decrease as the conditions are narrowed. Finally, one failure factor is specified.  
         [0083]     For example, in the example of the factor estimation knowledge information shown in  FIG. 4 , at a point when the condition C 1  is displayed, the failure factors F 1  to F 5  are displayed in the factor candidate display area FA 3 . At a point when the condition C 2  is displayed, the failure factors F 1  and F 2  are displayed in the factor candidate display area FA 3 . When the answer input button “YES” is selected at this point, only the failure factor F 1  is displayed in the factor candidate display area FA 3 .  
         [0084]     Analysis Result Screen  
         [0085]     A display screen displayed on the display unit  60  in the analysis processing performed by the analysis processor  30  (hereinafter referred to as analysis result screen) will be explained with reference to  FIG. 6 . As shown in the figure, an object component information area AA 1  and a result display area AA 2  are provided on the analysis result screen.  
         [0086]     Component specifying information that specifies a component to be analyzed is displayed in the object component information area AA 1 . Examples of the component specifying information include substrate form information, lot number information, substrate ID information, and component ID information. The data processor  32  specifies the component specifying information on the basis of information on a failure inputted to the factor estimating unit  20  and an analysis ID. An input area for an analysis ID and an analysis result are displayed in the result display area AA 2 .  
         [0087]     When an analysis ID inputted in the input area by the user, first, the data processor  32  reads out data collection method information corresponding to the analysis ID from the data collection and processing table  35  via the analysis method searching unit  33 . The data processor  32  receives information on a failure result from the factor estimating unit  20 . The data processor  32  specifies a component, data of which should be collected, on the basis of the data collection method information and failure result information. The data processor  32  displays information on the component specified in the object component information area AA 1 .  
         [0088]     The data processor  32  reads out specific inspection result data concerning the component, data of which should be collected, from the process state database  36  via the data collection processor  34  on the basis of the data collection method information. The data processor  32  processes the inspection result data on the basis of a data processing method corresponding to the analysis ID and causes the analysis result control unit  31  to display an analysis result on the display unit  60 . The analysis result is displayed in a form of, for example, illustration of a state of a substrate, a histogram, a line graph, or a bar graph.  
         [0089]     Flow of the Analysis Processing and the Factor Estimation Processing  
         [0090]     A flow of the analysis processing and the factor estimation processing will be hereinafter explained with reference to a flowchart shown in  FIG. 7 . In the figure, processing in S 1  and S 6  to S 9  indicates the analysis processing by the analysis processor  30  and processing in S 2  to S 5  and S 10  indicates the factor estimation processing by the factor estimating unit  20 .  
         [0091]     First, in step  1  (hereinafter “S 1 ”), the analysis result by the analysis processor  30  is performed in accordance with an instruction input from the user for the purpose of detecting a failure result. The user appropriately designates analysis processing that uses the inspection result data recorded in the process state database  36 . The analysis processing designated is performed by the analysis processor  30 . The user judges whether a failure has occurred by checking various analysis results.  
         [0092]     As a result of the analysis processing in S 1 , when the user judges that a failure has occurred, on the factor estimation screen, an input of information on a failure result by the user is received by the inputting unit  50  (S 2 ). The information on the failure result is inputted to the estimation processor  21 . The estimation processor  21  specifies factor estimation knowledge information corresponding to the failure result out of the factor estimation knowledge information recorded in the estimation knowledge recording section  23  (S 3 ).  
         [0093]     The estimation processor  21  specifies a condition included in the factor estimation knowledge information specified as a question in accordance with a tree structure. The factor estimation display control unit  22  displays this question on the factor estimation screen. The factor estimation display control unit  22  displays an analysis ID corresponding to the question specified on the factor estimation screen. The factor estimation display control unit  22  displays a list of candidates of failure factors at the present point on the factor estimation screen (S 4 ).  
         [0094]     The estimation processor  21  judges whether there is one candidate of a failure factor (S 5 ). When there is one candidate of a failure factor (YES in S 5 ), it is judged that a failure factor has been specified. The factor estimation processing ends. On the other hand, when there is more than one candidates of failure factors (NO in S 5 ), analysis processing required for answering a question is performed.  
         [0095]     First, in S 6 , the user inputs an analysis ID on the analysis processing screen. The analysis ID inputted is transmitted from the data processor  32  to the analysis method searching unit  33 . The analysis method searching unit  33  reads out a data collection method and a data processing method corresponding to the analysis ID from the data collection and processing table  35 . The data processor  32  reads out specific inspection result data concerning a component, data of which should be collected, from the process state database  36  via the data collection processor  34  on the basis of the data collection method (S 7 ). The data processor  32  processes the inspection result data on the basis of the data processing method corresponding to the analysis ID (S 8 ). The analysis display control unit  31  displays a result of this processing on the analysis result screen (S 9 ).  
         [0096]     When the analysis result is displayed on the analysis result screen, the user inputs an answer to the question displayed on the factor estimation screen on the basis of the analysis result (S 10 ). The input of the answer by the user is received by the estimation processor  21 . The estimation processor  21  specifies, according to a result of the answer by the user, a condition included in the factor estimation knowledge information as the next question in accordance with the tree structure and performs the processing in S 4  and the subsequent steps.  
         [0097]     In the example described above, an analysis ID is inputted to the analysis processor  30  according to an input from the user in S 6 . However, information on an analysis ID specified by the factor estimating unit  20  may be transferred to the data processor  32 . In this case, it is possible to reduce time and labor for inputting an analysis ID by the user.  
         [0098]     In the example described above, an answer to the question is inputted by the user in S 10 . However, it is also possible that a result of analysis by the analysis processor  30  is inputted to the factor estimating unit  20  and the estimation processor  21  selects an answer to the question on the basis of the analysis result. In this case, it is also possible that, for example, a result selected by the estimation processor  21  is presented to the user to have the user to confirm the result and, then, the estimation processor  21  shifts to the next question.  
         [0099]     The respective functional blocks included in the factor estimating unit  20 , the analysis processor  30 , and the inspection result inputting unit  40  of the process management apparatus  10  may be constituted by a hardware logic or may be realized by software using a CPU as described below.  
         [0100]     The process management apparatus  10  includes a Central Processing Unit (CPU) that executes commands of a control program for realizing the respective functions, a Read Only Memory (ROM) having the control program stored therein, a Random Access Memory (ROM) that develops the control program, and a storage device (a recording medium) such as a memory that stores the control program and various data. It is also possible to attain the object of the invention when a recording medium having recorded therein program codes (an execution form program, an intermediate code program, and a source program) of the control program of the process management apparatus  10 , which is software for realizing the functions described above, in a form readable by a computer is supplied to the process management apparatus  10  and the computer (or a CPU or an MPU) reads out and executes the program codes recorded in the recording medium.  
         [0101]     As the recording medium, it is possible to use, for example, tapes such as a magnetic tape and a cassette tape, disks including magnetic disks such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk and a hard disk and optical disks such as a CD-ROM, an MO, an MD, a DVD, and a CD-R, cards such as an IC card (including a memory card) and an optical card, or semiconductor memories such as a mask ROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM, and a flash ROM.  
         [0102]     The process management apparatus  10  may be constituted to be connectable to a communication network to supply the program codes via the communication network. The communication network is not specifically limited. It is possible to use, for example, the Internet, an intranet, an extranet, a LAN, an ISDN, a VAN, a CATV communication network, a virtual private network, a telephone line network, a mobile communication network, a satellite communication network, and the like. A transmission medium constituting the communication network is not specifically limited. It is possible to use, for example, wire transmission media such as the IEEE1394, the USB, a power-line carrier, a cable TV line, a telephone line, and an ADSL line and wireless transmission media such as an infrared ray media like the IrDA or a remote controller, Bluetooth (registered trademark), the 802.11 radio, the HDR, a cellular phone network, a satellite link, and a ground wave digital network. The invention can also be realized in a form of a computer data signal embedded in a carrier wave in which the program code is embodied by electronic transmission.  
         [0103]     The process management apparatus according to the invention is suitable for, for example, management of a production process for printed board. However, application of the process management apparatus is not limited to this. It is possible to widely apply the process management apparatus to all kinds of processes for processing an object such as a production process for industrial products, an inspection process for mining and manufacturing products, agricultural products, or row materials, a treatment process for disposal objects (e.g., factory wastes, factory waste water, waste gas, and refuse), an inspection process for disposal objects, an inspection process for facilities, and a recycle process.  
         [0104]     The invention is not limited to the embodiment described above. Various modifications of the invention are possible within the scope described in claims. In other words, embodiments obtained by combining the technical means appropriately modified within the scope described in claims are also included in the technical scope of the invention.