Abstract:
A set of tools for installation and a set of tools for removal of studs from a work piece are disclosed. The installation tools include body member with a removable bearing that can be set against the head of a stud that is to be installed in a workpeice. The stud removal tools include a pair of body members which are each mounted on the stud to be removed and tightened against one another so that one of the body members may be rotated to effect removal of a stud.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    In a principal aspect the present invention relates to tools for installation and removal of threaded studs.  
           [0002]    Studs are used for many purposes in various mechanical devices such as vehicle engines. Typically studs are threaded rods which come in various diameters and thread types. The rods are headless. In other words, there is no polygonal head or slot typically at the top end of the stud. Thus, the stud may be partially placed or threaded in an engine block, for example. The threads of the exposed stud may then be utilized for attachment of a fastener, for example, to retain a separate component part attached to the block.  
           [0003]    Various devices have been available for installation and removal of threaded studs. For example, threaded collets may be placed on a stud and tightened thereon. The collet may then be rotated to remove or install a stud. Other types of tools have also been proposed for installation and removal of studs. Nonetheless, there has remained the need for improved tools having the function of installation or removal of a stud. Such need inspired the development of the present invention.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0004]    Briefly, the present invention comprises a tool for installation of a threaded stud and a tool for removal of a threaded stud. The installation tool includes a body member with a polygonal external configuration and an axial throughbore having threads at a stud thread engaging end or passage of the throughbore as well as an enlarged counterbore at the opposite end for receipt of a ball bearing and a set screw. The set screw engages the ball bearing tightly within the interior of the throughbore adjacent the threads inasmuch as the counterbore and ball bearing diameter are greater than the diameter of the threaded end or passage. The body member threaded passage may then be threaded onto a stud with the ball bearing engaged tightly against the top of the stud. The installation tool thus comprises a polygonal head for the stud and may be rotated to insert and drive the stud into a threaded opening. To remove the installation tool from the top of the stud, the tool is simply rotated in the opposite direction. The smooth hardened ball rests on the center line of the stud, allowing the tool to be easily unscrewed or removed from the installed stud. The installation tool is provided in numerous sizes to accommodate studs of numerous sizes.  
           [0005]    The stud removal tool includes a first body member which is threaded onto a stud that is to be removed. A second body member having a smaller diameter or smaller sized head than the first body member is also threaded onto the same stud and tightly engaged against the first body member. Both the first body member and the second body member include a throughbore with threads compatible with the associated stud. The first body member may then be reverse, torqued or turned to remove the stud. Again, the tools are provided in a set in order to accommodate various sizes or studs.  
           [0006]    Thus, it is an object of the invention to provide an improved stud installation and stud removal tool.  
           [0007]    It is a further object of the invention to provide stud installation tools and stud removal tools that are provided in a set of such tools to accommodate various sized studs for the purpose of installation or removal thereof.  
           [0008]    Another object of the invention is to provide a stud installation tool which is rugged, economical, easy to use and which will avoid damage of studs during installation.  
           [0009]    Still a further object of the invention is to provide a stud removal tool which is economical, easy to use, and which will not damage studs during their removal.  
           [0010]    These and other objects, advantages and features of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0011]    In the detailed description which follows, reference will be made to the drawing comprised of the following figures:  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a stud installation tool in accord with the invention;  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the installation tool of FIG. 1;  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view of the tool of FIG. 2 taken along the line  3 - 3 ;  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 4 is a sectional view of the body member of the tool of FIG. 1;  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 5 is an exploded isometric view of the tool of FIG. 1;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 6 is a cross sectional view of the tool of FIG. 1 as it is installed on a stud;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 7 is a side elevation of the stud removal tool of the invention;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 8 is a top plan view of the tool of FIG. 7;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the tool of FIG. 8 taken along the line  9 - 9 ;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 10 is an exploded isometric view of the tool of FIG. 9;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 11 is an exploded sectional view of the tool of FIG. 9 as positioned on a stud;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 12 is a sectional view of the tool of FIG. 9 as it is positioned on a stud for engagement and turning by a wrench to remove a stud;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 13 is a series of the stud installation tools comprising a set of such tools; and  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 14 is a series of the stud removal tools in a set.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0026]    [0026]FIGS. 1-7 illustrate the stud installation tool, or more particularly, a single embodiment of a stud installation tool. FIGS. 9-13 illustrate a single version of a stud removal tool. FIG. 14 illustrates sets of such tools useful for installation or removal of studs.  
         [0027]    Referring therefore first to FIGS. 1-7, an installation tool is provided for each size of standard stud. Thus, a description of a single stud installation tool applies to each of the tools in a set of such tools wherein each of said tools is constructed or made for cooperation with and engagement with a standard size stud. As depicted in FIGS. 1-7, the stud installation tool includes a body member  20  with a longitudinal axis  22 . An axial throughbore  24  extends from a drive tool engaging end  26  through the body member  20  and through a thread engaging end  28 . The axial throughbore includes a first threaded section  30  which is threaded to match a particular stud size. The throughbore  24  further includes a threaded drive tool engaging end section of the throughbore  24 ; namely, section  32  having a diameter greater than the diameter of the threaded end  30 . A circumferential land  34  is defined and provides a support surface between the bore  32  and the bore  30 . A ball bearing  36  sized to fit within the counterbore  32  is fitted against the land  34  and a set screw  37  comprising a bearing retainer and drive member, is threaded into the counterbore  32  to tightly retain the ball bearing  36  in position. The set screw  37  includes a hexagonal counterbore  38  for receipt of an Allen wrench, for example, so that the set screw  37  can be tightened tightly against the ball bearing  36 . The body member  20  has a hexagonal or other polygonal outer shape or configuration (at least in part) so that it may be turned by a wrench or the like.  
         [0028]    In use, the body member  20  is threaded onto a stud  40  which has a size that is compatible with the threaded opening  30 . When threaded on the stud  40 , the installation tool is in the configuration, for example, as illustrated in FIG. 3. That is, the set screw  37  tightly retains the bearing  36  in position in counterbore  32 . The installation tool may then be turned as depicted in FIG. 6 so that the stud  40  will be threaded into a block, for example.  
         [0029]    Upon threading the stud  40  by means of the stud installer into a block or other threaded member passage, it will be necessary to remove the installation tool. This is done by rotating the tool in the opposite direction. The smooth hard surface of the ball resting on the center line of the stud  40  allows the tool to be easily unscrewed or removed from the stud  40 . In the unusual situation where such technique my not be effective, the set screw  37  may be loosened to release the ball  36  from engaging the stud  40 .  
         [0030]    Referring next to FIGS. 8-12 there is illustrated a stud removal tool. Again, each tool is customized to cooperate with a particular size of stud in order to effect removal thereof. The stud removal tool includes two basic parts. A first body member  50  having a hexagonal outer configuration and a center line axis  52  is provided with an axial throughbore  54  that is compatible with the threads of the stud to be removed. The first body member  50  further includes a large diameter counterbore  56  which exceeds the bore size of the stud engaging bore  54 . The counterbore  56  is not threaded. Rather, it is an axial, cylindrical counterbore which defines a land surface  58  spaced from a top edge surface  60  by a fixed distance  62 .  
         [0031]    The stud removal tool further includes a second body member  64  having hexagonal head  66  which comprises a top end section and a lower, bottom, projecting section  68 . The second body member  64  further includes an axis  70  which, when the component body members  50  and  64  are joined as described hereinafter, is coaxial with the axis  52 .  
         [0032]    The second body member  64  further includes an axial threaded counterbore  74  which has a diameter and thread configuration substantially identical to the threaded bore  54  of first body member  50 . It is to be noted that the maximum transverse or lateral dimension of the head section  66  of the second body member  64  is no greater than the minimum transverse or lateral dimension of the first body member  50 . This feature is illustrated in FIG. 9 where the head section  66  is shown as being within the periphery of the cross sectional configuration of the first body member  50 . Thus, the first body member  50  may be rotated by means of a wrench without engaging the polygonal section  66  of the second body member  64 .  
         [0033]    The cylindrical projection from the underside head section  66 ; namely, the projection  68 , includes a peripheral groove  78  with an  0 -ring  80 . This arrangement provides for frictional fit between the first body member  50  and the second body member  64  and further enables the second body member  64  to be rotated about the axis  70  independent from the first body member  50 .  
         [0034]    In order to effect removal of a stud which is engaged in some workpiece, the first body member  50  and the second body member  64  are threaded upon the stud to be removed. The first body member need not be tightly threaded, or in other words, need not be threaded to the workpiece. Rather, the first body member  50  is threaded onto the end of the stud in a manner which will enable the second body member  64 , and more particularly, the bore  74  to be likewise threaded onto the stud. The second body member  64  is then tightened onto the stud so as to tightly engage the underside of the head section  66  against the top surface  60  of body member  50 . By so engaging the stud to be removed and by so engaging the second body member  64  frictionally and tightly against the first body member  50 , there is, in effect, created a head for the stud which will enable removal of the stud from a work piece. That is, the first body member  50  may be engaged by a turning tool (wrench) to unscrew the stud.  
         [0035]    It is to be noted that the axial projection of the bottom section  68  downwardly into the first body member  50  is such that it is less than the dimension  62  which is the distance between the top  60  and the land  58  of member  50 . This ensures that the second body member  64  may be tightly engaged with a stud and with the body member  50  by engaging the top surface  60 .  
         [0036]    Upon tightening of the two body members  50  and  64  on a stud, a wrench is engaged over the outer polygonal surface of the first body member  50  and rotated in reverse to unscrew a stud from a workpiece. For example, the socket may be engaged over the top body member  64  to engage with the second or bottom body member  50  so as to rotate the assembly including the stud.  
         [0037]    It is to be noted that the stud removal construction of the invention constitutes an improvement over the so-called double nut method of engaging a stud to effect removal of a stud. The double nut method requires utilization of two nuts of the same size that match the stud size. One nut is placed on the stud and the second nut is then tightened on the stud against the first nut until the outer hexagonal or other polygonal configuration of the two nuts are aligned. When so aligned, then a socket or wrench may be utilized to twist the stud from the workpiece.  
         [0038]    The construction of the present invention provides improvements relative to this described arrangement. First, the friction of the engagement of the underside of head section  66  of second body member  64 , to the top surface  60  of first body member  50  will be carefully controlled without the necessity of lining up the polygonal exterior surfaces. Second, the second body member  64  is retained in a desired relationship and position with respect to the first body member  50  by means of the frictional interaction generated by the O-ring  80  in the slot  78 . Thus, the removal tool of the present invention may be utilized to effect removal of a stud based upon the size of the bore  54  which is compatible with a particular size of stud.  
         [0039]    In practice, a full set of installation and removal tools is provided. FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate, by way of example, the sizing and appearance of such a full set of stud removal and stud installation tools as labeled on the separate tools in FIGS. 13 and 14. Following is a table wherein the size of the stud installation and stud removal tools is set forth.  
                               TABLE 1                                       INSTALLATION   REMOVAL           STUD SIZE   TOOL   TOOL                           M6 × 1-6 g   71010.70   71140.70           M8 × 1.25-6 g   71020.70   71150.70           M10 × 1.25-6 g   71030.70   71160.70           M10 × 1.5-6 g   71040.70   71170.70           ¼ - 20 UNC - 2A   71050.70   71180.70           {fraction (5/16 )} - 18 UNC - 2A   71060.70   71190.70           {fraction (5/16 )} - 24 UNF - 2A   71070.70   71200.70           {fraction (3/8 )} - 16 UNC - 2A   71080.70   71210.70           {fraction (3/8 )} - 24 UNF - 2A   71090.70   71220.70           {fraction (7/16 )} - 14 UNC - 2A   71100.70   71230.70           {fraction (7/16 )} - 20 UNF - 2A   71110.70   71240.70           ½ - 13 UNC - 2A   71120.70   71250.70           ½ - 20 UNF - 2A   71130.70   71260.70                      
 
         [0040]    It is possible to vary the construction of the invention by changing the shape, for example, of the outside polygonal configuration of the various elements. The shape and configuration of the bores and retainer bearings is also adjustable or may be varied. The invention, therefore is to be limited only by the following claims and equivalanets thereof.