Abstract:
Chemical light producing systems and the chemiluminescent formulations contained therein are taught which exhibit reduced hydrolysis and thereby are characterized by an inherently long shelf-life and commercial viability. By replacing the typical oxalate ester, e.g. (bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate) with a branched chain oxalic acid ester represented by the general formula: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
       
         
           
             wherein the group designated as R contains from 4-15 carbons, wherein the carbon of attachment of R to the oxygen is via a primary carbon, and wherein substructure A is composed of substituents selected from the group including alkyl chains, alkyl rings, aromatic rings and combinations thereof such that R is nonlinear, water hydrolysis of the oxalate ester is retarded. This retardation of the hydrolysis changes the storage constraints of the oxalate ester.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/250,915, filed on Oct. 13, 2009, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to chemical light producing devices and the chemiluminescent oxalate esters contained therein, which exhibit reduced hydrolysis owing to the utilization of non-straight chain oxalate ester (i.e. a branched chain or ring structure oxalate ester), and thereby are characterized by an inherently long shelf-life and commercial viability. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Chemical light devices are useful for providing a source of non-electric light and have become exceedingly popular especially for emergency and outdoor use. Typical chemical light devices contain two liquids that produce light upon mixing. Typically, one of these liquids was referred to as an oxalate solution. It typically contained a carrier solvent, an oxalate ester, and a fluorescer. The second liquid was referred to as an activator solution. It typically contained a carrier solvent, hydrogen peroxide, and a catalyst. 
     The oxalate ester is the component of the system which is most deleteriously affected by moisture, although other components such as yellow and blue fluorescers and salicylate catalysts may also be affected. The instant invention provides oxalate esters, methods of synthesis of said esters, and methods for the prevention of the deterioration of the oxalate esters. 
     A typical commercially available chemiluminescent device of the dual container variety contains a diluent solution of oxalate ester and fluorescer in the outer container and a diluent solution of hydrogen peroxide and catalyst in the inner container. Typical devices are disclosed in one or more of the following U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,511,612; 3,539,794; 3,576,987; 3,584,211; 3,654,525; 3,749,620; 3,752,406; 3,800,132; 3,808,414; 3,940,604; 3,974,368; 4,064,428; each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference. 
     The chemiluminescent light is obtained by the reaction of the hydrogen peroxide of the activator solution with the chemiluminescent composition which comprises the oxalate ester, fluorescer, and catalyst. Typical oxalate esters have heretofore included compounds such as bis(2-nitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(2,4-dinitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(2,6-dichloro-4-nitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate, bis(3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(2-methyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(1,2-dimethyl-4,6-dinitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(2,4-dichlorophenyl) oxalate, bis(2,5-dinitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(2-formyl-4-nitrophenyl) oxalate, bis(pentachlorophenyloxalate, bis(1,2-dihydro-2-oxo-1-pyridyl)glyoxal, bis-N-phthalmidyl oxalate. The preferred oxalate, is bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate. 
     The extreme sensitivity of these oxalates to water hydrolysis has created the need to package them carefully and store under refrigerated conditions. Water can and will migrate, at varying rates, through most non-metal and non-glass materials of construction. If the prior art oxalate esters were not packaged within a polymer lined metal (foil) pouch that is then stored in an inert (dry) gas containing metal drum that is stored under refrigerated conditions, the oxalate ester would hydrolyze and would fail to retain commercially viable shelf life. 
     The present invention discloses a novel family of branched chain oxalate esters which are useful in chemical lighting systems while being substantially non-hydrolyzing, thus eliminating the need for such careful and expensive handling and packaging requirements. This satisfies a long felt need in the art. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In order to overcome the hydrolysis issues experienced by prior art oxalate esters in chemical light systems, the present inventors have created a novel family of branched chain oxalate esters having a specific requisite construction, a process for their synthesis, and novel chemical light systems which include the novel branched chain oxalate esters. 
     The approach adopted involved using derivatives of primary alcohols, to facilitate the synthesis of the initial salicylate ester. Additionally, it was hypothesized that the introduction of steric hindrance by including branching and/or ring structure(s) on the remainder of the alcohol would retard hydrolysis issues typically experienced by prior art oxalate esters, while providing compounds which would be eminently useful in a chemical light system. 
     This construction is characterized by the following structure: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     The group designated as R contains from 4-15 carbons. Furthermore, the carbon of R attached to the oxygen is a primary carbon and includes a substructure labeled A. The substructure A is composed of substituents selected from the group including alkyl chains, alkyl rings, and aromatic rings or combinations thereof such that R is nonlinear. 
       FIGS. 1-662  are illustrative, albeit non-limiting embodiments, of branched chain oxalate esters useful in chemical lighting systems. It is understood that any additional compounds which fall within the definition as outlined above are contemplated as useful in the instant invention. 
     It has been unexpectedly discovered that replacing the typical oxalate ester (bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate) with a non-straight chain, substituted methyl oxalate ester (i.e. a branched chain or ring structure oxalate ester made from a primary alcohol) retards water hydrolysis of the oxalate ester. This retardation of the hydrolysis changes significantly the storage and transportation constraints for the oxalate ester. The need for metal pouches or moisture barrier packaging is obviated without sacrificing commercially viable shelf-life. 
     Accordingly, it is a primary objective of the instant invention to teach non-straight chain oxalate esters, inclusive of branched chain or ring structure oxalate esters, for use in conjunction with chemiluminescent formulations and chemical light producing devices. 
     Other objects and advantages of this invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with any accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of this invention. Any drawings contained herein constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       As follows,  FIGS. 1-662  illustrate oxalates useful in chemical light systems for the production of chemiluminescent light as herein after described. 
         FIG. 1  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 2  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclopropylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 4  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 5  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 6  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclobutylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 7  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 8  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 9  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 10  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 11  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 12  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 13  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 14  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3-dimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 15  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3-dimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 16  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 17  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclopentylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 18  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-methylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 19  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 20  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 21  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 22  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 23  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3-dimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 24  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 25  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 26  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 27  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 28  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 29  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 30  illustrates a bis{2-[(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-5-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 31  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 32  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 33  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 34  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 35  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 36  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 37  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 38  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 39  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 40  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 41  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 42  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,3-trimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 43  illustrates a his {3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3,3-trimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 44  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 45  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 46  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 47  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclohexylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 48  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 49  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 50  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 51  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopentylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 52  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 53  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 54  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 55  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 56  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 57  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 58  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 59  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 60  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 61  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 62  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 63  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclobutylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 64  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclobutylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 65  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 66  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 67  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 68  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 69  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 70  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 71  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 72  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 73  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3-dimethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 74  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 75  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 76  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 77  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 78  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropyl-2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 79  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 80  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 81  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropyl-2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 82  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 83  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 84  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 85  illustrates a bis{2-[(bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-2-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 86  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 87  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 88  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 89  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-methylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 90  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-methylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 91  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(6-methylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 92  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 93  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 94  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,4-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 95  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,5-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 96  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 97  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,4-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 98  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,5-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 99  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,4-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 100  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,5-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 101  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5,5-dimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 102  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 103  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 104  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-ethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 105  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,3-trimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 106  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3,3-trimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 107  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,4-trimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 108  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3,4-trimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 109  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,4,4-trimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 110  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3,4-trimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 111  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,4,4-trimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 112  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-3-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 113  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 114  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-2-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 115  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 116  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 117  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-3-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 118  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,3,3-tetramethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 119  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2,3-dimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 120  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 121  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cycloheptylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 122  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 123  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 124  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 125  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4-methylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 126  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclohexylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 127  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 128  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,3-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 129  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 130  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 131  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,4-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 132  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,5-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 133  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,3-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 134  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,4-dimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 135  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 136  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 137  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 138  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 139  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 140  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 141  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopentylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 142  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopentylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 143  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,2-trimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 144  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,3-trimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 145  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,4-trimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 146  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2,3-trimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 147  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3,3-trimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate 
         FIG. 148  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3,4-trimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 149  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1-methylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 150  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3 methylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 151  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2-methylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 152  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-3-methylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 153  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(1-methylethyl)-cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 154  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 155  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[3-(1-methylethyl)-cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 156  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 157  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 158  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 159  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 160  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,4-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 161  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 162  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclobutyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 163  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclobutyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 164  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methylcyclobutyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 165  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclobutyl-2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 166  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 167  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 168  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-ethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 169  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-methylcyclobutyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 170  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-methylcyclobutyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 171  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(3-methylcyclobutyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 172  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclobutyl-2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 173  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclobutylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 174  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclobutylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 175  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclobutylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 176  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,2,3,3-pentamethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 177  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethyl-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 178  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3-diethyl-1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 179  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2-diethyl-1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 180  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 181  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 182  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-2-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 183  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-3-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 184  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 185  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2-diethyl-3-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 186  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2,2-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 187  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2,3-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 188  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-ethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 189  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 190  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 191  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-ethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 192  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 193  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 194  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 195  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 196  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 197  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 198  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 199  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropyl-2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 200  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 201  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 202  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 203  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 204  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropyl-3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 205  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 206  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 207  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropyl-2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 208  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 209  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-3-(2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 210  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropyl-2,2-dimethylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 211  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropyl-3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 212  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2dicyclopropylethoxy)carbonyl)phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 213  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(1-methylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 214  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(2-methylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 215  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropyl-2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 216  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropyl-3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 217  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-propylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 218  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[2-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 219  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 220  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 221  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 222  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-cyclopropylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 223  illustrates a bis(2-{[2-(bicyclo[1.1.1]pentan-2-yl)propoxy]carbonyl}-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 224  illustrates a bis(2-{[2-(bicyclo[2.1.1]hexan-2-yl)ethoxy]carbonyl}-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 225  illustrates a bis{2-[(bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]3,4,6-trichlorophenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 226  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-phenylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 227  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 228  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 229  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4-methylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 230  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 231  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 232  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-methyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 233  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-methyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 234  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(6-methyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 235  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(7-methyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 236  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 237  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 238  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 239  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,4-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 240  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,5-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 241  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,6-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 242  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 243  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 244  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,4-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 245  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,5-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 246  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,6-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 247  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,4-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 248  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-ethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 249  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,5-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 250  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,6-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 251  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5,5-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 252  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-ethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 253  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5,6-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 254  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(6,6-dimethylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 255  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,3-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 256  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,4-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 257  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,5-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 258  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 259  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 260  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-4-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 261  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-5-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 262  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3,3-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 263  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3,4-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 264  illustrates a s{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3,5-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 265  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-2-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 266  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-3-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 267  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-4-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 268  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-5-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 269  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[2,4,4-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 270  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,4,4-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 271  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,4,5-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 272  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-ethyl-2-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 273  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-ethyl-3-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 274  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-ethyl-4-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 275  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-ethyl-5-methylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 276  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,5,5-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 277  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,5,5-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 278  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4,5,5-trimethylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 279  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-propylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 280  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-propylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 281  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylethyl)hexyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 282  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-methylethyl)hexyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 283  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,3,3-tetramethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 284  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,3,4-tetramethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 285  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 286  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,3,3,4-tetramethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 287  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 288  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 289  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 290  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-3,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 291  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-4,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 292  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-propyl-2-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 293  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-propyl-3-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 294  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-propyl-4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 295  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 296  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 297  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 298  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-2,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 299  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-ethyl-3,4-dimethylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 300  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 301  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 302  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 303  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-ethyl-2,3,3-trimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 304  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3,3-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 305  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2,3-dimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 306  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclooctylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 307  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-methylcyclooctyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 308  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methylcyclooctyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 309  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methylcyclooctyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 310  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4-methylcyclooctyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 311  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cycloheptylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 312  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 313  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 314  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 315  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 316  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 317  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 318  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 319  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,6-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 320  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,3-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 321  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 322  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,5-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 323  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4,4-dimethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 324  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[1-ethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 325  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-ethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 326  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-ethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 327  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-ethylcyclohexyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 328  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 329  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 330  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 331  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(4-methylcyclohexyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 332  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclohexylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 333  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclohexylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 334  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 335  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 336  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 337  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2,5-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 338  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,3,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 339  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 340  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,3,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 341  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 342  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,3-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 343  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 344  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,5-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 345  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,3,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 346  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3,4-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 347  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3,5-trimethylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 348  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 349  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethyl-1-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 350  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 351  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 352  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 353  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 354  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-5-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 355  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 356  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-4-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 357  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethyl-4-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 358  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-2-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 359  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethyl-3-methylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 360  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-propylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 361  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-propylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 362  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-propylcyclopentyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 363  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopentyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 364  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopentyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 365  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[3-(1-methylethyl)-cyclopentyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 366  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 367  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,3-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 368  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 369  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,4-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 370  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,5-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 371  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3,4-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 372  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 373  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3,3-dimethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 374  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 375  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 376  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-ethylcyclopentyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 377  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopentyl-2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 378  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclopentyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 379  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclopentyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 380  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methylcyclopentyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 381  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopentyl-2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 382  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-methylcyclopentyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 383  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-methylcyclopentyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 384  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(3-methylcyclopentyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 385  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopentylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 386  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopentylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 387  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopentylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 388  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 389  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,2,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 390  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 391  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 392  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 393  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3,3,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 394  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 395  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2,4,4-tetramethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 396  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 397  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 398  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2,4-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 399  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 400  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1,2-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 401  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 402  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1,4-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 403  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-3,3-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 404  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-3,4-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 405  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-4,4-dimethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 406  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2-diethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 407  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,3-diethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 408  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2-diethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 409  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,3-diethylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 410  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-methyl-2-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 411  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methyl-2-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 412  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methyl-1-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 413  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methyl-1-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 414  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methyl-2-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 415  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methyl-4-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 416  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-methyl-3-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 417  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-methyl-3-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 418  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-methyl-3-propylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 419  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 420  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[3-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 421  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 422  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 423  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[3-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 424  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 425  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[3-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 426  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-butylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 427  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-butylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 428  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-butylcyclobutyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 429  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(1-methylpropyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 430  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(2-methylpropyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 431  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(1-methylpropyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 432  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(2-methylpropyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 433  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[3-(1-methylpropyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 434  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[3-(2-methylpropyl)cyclobutyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 435  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 436  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,3-trimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 437  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,4-trimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 438  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,3,3-trimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 439  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2,3-trimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 440  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2,4-trimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 441  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3,4-trimethylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 442  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-1-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 443  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-ethyl-1-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 444  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethyl-2-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 445  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethyl-3-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 446  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-2-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 447  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-3-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 448  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-4-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 449  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-ethyl-2-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 450  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-ethyl-3-methylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 451  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-propylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 452  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-propylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 453  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-propylcyclobutyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 454  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[1-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 455  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[2-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 456  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[3-(1-methylethyl)cyclobutyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 457  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(1-methylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 458  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(2-methylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 459  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(3-methylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 460  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 461  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,3-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 462  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,2-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 463  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,3-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 464  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,4-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 465  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,3,3-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 466  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2,3-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 467  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3,3-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 468  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2,4-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 469  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3,4-triimethylcyclobutylethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 470  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1,2-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 471  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1,3-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 472  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2,2-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 473  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2,3-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 474  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2,4-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 475  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(3,3-dimethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 476  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-ethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 477  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-ethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 478  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(3-ethylcyclobutylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 479  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 480  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 481  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 482  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclobutyl-2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 483  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclobutyl-3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 484  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 485  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 486  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 487  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclobutyl-2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 488  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclobutyl-3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 489  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(1-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 490  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(2-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 491  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(3-methylcyclobutylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 492  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclobutylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 493  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclobutylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 494  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclobutylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 495  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-cyclobutylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 496  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2,2,3,3-pentamethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 497  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethyl-1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 498  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 499  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 500  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,2-dimethyl-3-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 501  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 502  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3-dimethyl-1-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 503  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2,3-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 504  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethyl-1-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 505  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-ethyl-2-propylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 506  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-ethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 507  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1,2-diethyl-3-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 508  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-butyl-2-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 509  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-methyl-1-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 510  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-methyl-1-(1-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 511  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-butyl-1-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 512  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-methyl-2-(1-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 513  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-methyl-2-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 514  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-butyl-3-methylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 515  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-methyl-3-(1-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 516  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 517  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 518  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 519  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 520  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(1-methylbutyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 521  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(2-methylbutyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 522  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[1-(3-methylbutyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 523  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(1-pentylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 524  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 525  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(2,2-dimethylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 526  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(1,2-dimethylpropyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 527  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(1-methylbutyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 528  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(2-methylbutyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 529  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[2-(3-methylbutyl)cyclopropyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 530  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-pentylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 531  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,2,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 532  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 533  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethyl-2,3-dimethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 534  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 535  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-1,3-dimethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 536  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-ethyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 537  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2-diethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 538  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2-diethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 539  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,3-diethylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 540  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-methyl-3-propylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 541  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methyl-1-propylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 542  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methyl-3-propylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 543  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methyl-2-propylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 544  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[1-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 545  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[2-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 546  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[2-methyl-3-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 547  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[2-methyl-1-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 548  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-butylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 549  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[1-(1-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 550  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[1-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 551  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-butylcyclopropyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 552  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[2-(1-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 553  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[2-(2-methylpropyl)cyclopropyl]ethoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 554  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 555  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 556  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 557  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(2,3-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 558  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 559  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 560  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 561  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-[2-{(2-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 562  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(1-propylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 563  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-propylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 564  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[1-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]propoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 565  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({2-[1-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]propoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 566  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 567  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-2-(2,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 568  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[-2-(1-ethylcyclopropyl)-2-methylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 569  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[-2-(2-ethylcyclopropyl)-2-methylpropoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 570  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2,2-dimethyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 571  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 572  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2,3-dimethyl-3-(1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 573  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2,3-dimethyl-3-(2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 574  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-3-(1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 575  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-3-(2,3-dimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 576  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-3-(1-ethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 577  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-3-(2-ethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 578  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 579  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1,2,3-trimethylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 580  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-ethyl-1-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 581  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 582  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-ethyl-3-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 583  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-ethyl-2-methylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 584  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-propylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 585  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-propylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 586  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(2-propylcyclopropyl)propoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 587  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({3-[2-(1-methylethyl)cyclopropyl]propoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 588  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropyl-3,3-dimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 589  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(1-ethylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 590  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-methyl-4-(1-methylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 591  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-methyl-4-(1-methylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 592  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropyl-2-ethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 593  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropyl-3,3-dimethylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 594  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropyl-3-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 595  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(1,2-dimethylcyclopropyl)-3-methylbutoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 596  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(1-ethylcyclopropyl)butoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 597  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropyl-4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 598  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(1-methylcyclopropyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 599  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[4-(2-methylcyclopropyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 600  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropyl-4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 601  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropyl-2-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 602  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropyl-3-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 603  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropyl-4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 604  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropyl-2-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 605  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-cyclopropyl-2-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 606  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-cyclopropyl-3-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 607  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-cyclopropyl-4-methylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 608  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3-(cyclopropylmethyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 609  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[5-(1-methylcyclopropyl)pentyloxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 610  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclopropylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 611  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-cyclopropylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 612  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclopropylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 613  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-cyclopropylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 614  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(6-cyclopropylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 615  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dicyclopropylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 616  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,3-dicyclopropylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 617  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-cyclobutyl-2-cyclopropylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 618  illustrates a bis{2-[(bicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 619  illustrates a bis{2-[(bicyclo[3.3.0]octan-3-ylmethoxy)carbonyl]-3,4,6-trichlorophenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 620  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,3-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 621  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 622  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[3,4-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 623  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3,5-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 624  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,6-dimethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 625  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-ethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 626  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(3-ethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 627  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4-ethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 628  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(2-methylphenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 629  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(3-methylphenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 630  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[2-(4-methylphenyl)ethoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 631  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-phenylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 632  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-phenylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 633  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylnonyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 634  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methylnonyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 635  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-methylnonyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 636  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-methylnonyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 637  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(6-methylnonyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 638  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(7-methylnonyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 639  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(8-methylnonyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 640  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3,7-dimethyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 641  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-ethyloctyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 642  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-propylheptyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 643  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-butylhexyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 644  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-cyclohexylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 645  illustrates a bis(2-{[(6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan-2-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}3,4,6-trichlorophenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 646  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 647  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4-propylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 648  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 649  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-phenylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 650  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(3-phenylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 651  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(4-phenylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 652  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(2-phenylcyclopropyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 653  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(1-adamantylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 654  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dicyclohexylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 655  illustrates a bis(3,4,6-trichloro-2-{[(4-butylphenyl)methoxy]carbonyl}phenyl) oxalate; 
         FIG. 656  illustrates a bis[3,4,6-trichloro-2-({[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methoxy}carbonyl)phenyl]oxalate; 
         FIG. 657  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(5-phenylpentyloxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 658  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[1-naphthalenylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 659  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[2-naphthalenylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 660  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-diphenylethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 661  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(9-fluorenylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate; 
         FIG. 662  illustrates a bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(9-anthracenylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Examples 
     Starting materials and solvents were purchased from Aldrich, VWR, Strem, and Alfa Aesar. All of the desired compounds were analyzed via HPLC, and their spectra (NMR) recorded. 
     Example 1 
     Procedure For Producing Bis{3,4,6-Trichloro-2-[(2-Methylpropoxy)Carbonyl]Phenyl}Oxalate (FIG.  1 ) 
     Aliphatic 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylate esters, including 2-methylbutyl 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylate can be made via the procedures taught in U.S. Pat. No. 4,308,395 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,194,666, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference in their entireties. The material was analyzed by HPLC and used without further purification in the next step. 
     The oxalate, bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate (Compound in  FIG. 1 ) can be made using processes described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,679, the contents of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety. The recrystallization solvent of choice is acetonitrile. 
     This method of synthesis was used for the compounds shown in  FIGS. 1 ,  3 - 5 ,  9 - 16 ,  26 - 29 ,  31 - 46 ,  51 ,  60 - 64 ,  71 - 84 ,  87 - 120 ,  126 ,  138 - 142 ,  156 - 175 ,  192 - 224 ,  226 ,  230 - 305 ,  311 ,  328 - 333 ,  336 - 387 ,  435 - 496 ,  531 - 617 ,  628 - 644 ,  649 - 651 ,  654 , and  657 . 
     Additionally, xylene can be used for the first step and a tertiary amine other than triethylamine can be used for the oxalate, including tripropyl amine, tri-n-butyl amine, triisobutylamine, triisopropylamine, triisopentylamine, and N,N-diisopropylethyl amine. 
     Example 2 
     Procedure For Producing Bis{3,4,6-Trichloro-2-[(Phenylmethoxy)Carbonyl]Phenyl}Oxalate (FIG.  86 ) 
     A five liter 3-necked flask fitted with a mechanical stirrer and a Barrett or Dean-Stark trap was charged with 483 g (2.0 mol) of 3,5,6-trichlorosalicylic acid, 2000 mL of toluene, 228 mL (2.2 mol) of benzyl alcohol, and 7.86 g (30 mmol) of titanium oxide bis(acetylacetonate). The mixture was heated at reflux overnight or until the theoretical amount of water had been captured in the trap. After cooling to room temperature, the reaction product was treated with 750 mL of saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate and stirred for 1-2 hours. If the ester precipitates out at this time, add sufficient ethyl acetate or other water immiscible solvent to dissolve the material. After adding 750 mL of water and stirring for an additional 10-15 minutes, the mixture was filtered through a pad of CELITE. The mixture was separated in a filter funnel and the organic layer washed with 750 mL of brine. The organic layer was dried, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. Once all of the material had been concentrated, an aliquot of xylene was added and removed under reduced pressure to ensure complete removal of any excess alcohol and water. If the product precipitated once the alcohol was removed, the residue was triturated with hexane, filtered, and dried. Yield was 254 g (76.5%). The material was analyzed by HPLC and used without further purification in the next step. 
     The oxalate, bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(phenylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate ( FIG. 86 ), can be made using processes described in the following: U.S. Pat. No. 3,749,679. The recrystallization solvent of choice is ethyl acetate and one of the following: hexane, heptane, triethyl citrate, or toluene. The yield on this scale was 192.7 g (70%). 
     This method was used for the compounds shown in  FIGS. 86 ,  227 - 229 ,  620 - 627 ,  646 - 648 ,  655 - 656 ,  658 - 659 , and  661 - 662 . 
     Additionally, xylene can be used for the first step and a tertiary amine other than triethylamine can be used for the oxalate, including tripropyl amine, tri-n-butyl amine, triisobutylamine, triisopropylamine, triisopentylamine, and N,N-diisopropylethyl amine. 
     Example 3 
     Procedure For Producing Bis{3,4,6-Trichloro-2-[(2,2-Dimethylpropoxy)Carbonyl]Phenyl}Oxalate (FIG.  5 ) 
     The first step for making 2,2-dimethylpropyl 3,4,6-trichlorosalicylate, was carried out in xylene using the procedure found in Example 2. The yield was 310 g (99%). The material was analyzed by HPLC and used without further purification in the next step. 
     Bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(2,2-dimethylpropoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate can be made using processes described in Example 1. The yield was 180.1 g (53%). 
     This method was used for the compounds shown in  FIGS. 9 ,  13 ,  26 - 29 ,  35 ,  51 ,  60 - 69 ,  71 - 84 ,  92 ,  105 ,  107 ,  116 ,  118 - 119 ,  126 ,  138 - 142 ,  156 - 181 ,  192 - 224 ,  226 ,  236 ,  255 - 258 ,  283 - 285 ,  287 - 288 ,  295 ,  303 ,  305 ,  307 ,  311 - 315 ,  324 ,  328 - 334 ,  338 ,  342 - 345 ,  348 - 351 ,  358 ,  360 ,  363 ,  366 - 367 ,  371 - 391 ,  396 - 402 ,  406 - 407 ,  410 ,  412 - 413 ,  416 ,  419 - 422 ,  426 ,  429 - 430 ,  435 - 617 ,  628 - 632 ,  644 ,  649 - 652 ,  654 ,  657 , and  660 . 
     Additionally, a tertiary amine other than triethylamine can be used, including tripropyl amine, tri-n-butyl amine, triisobutylamine, triisopropylamine, triisopentylamine, and N,N-diisopropylethyl amine. 
     Example 4 
     Procedure For Producing Bis{3,4,6-Trichloro-2-[(Cyclohexylmethoxy)Carbonyl]Phenyl}Oxalate (FIG.  47 ) 
     The 3,4,6-trichlorosalicylic acid (178.7 g, 0.74 mole) was placed in a 2 L 3-necked flask equipped with a mechanical stirrer and a Dean-Stark trap with an efficient reflux condenser. Xylene (490 mL), cyclohexylmethanol (100.2 mL, 0.81 mole), and titanium oxide bis(acetylacetonate) (2.9 g, 11 mmol) were added in the indicated order. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux overnight, and the water removed from the Dean-Stark trap. The reaction product was cooled to 35° C. and 500 mL of saturated sodium bicarbonate solution was added. The mixture was stirred for 2 hours. Material started to come out of solution after ½ hour. Ethyl acetate (800 mL) was added, which dissolved the ester, and stirring was continued. The layers were separated, washed with brine, and dried with MgSO4. The organic layer was filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Once all of the material had been concentrated, an aliquot of xylene was added and removed under reduced pressure to ensure complete removal of any excess alcohol and water. The yield was 248 g (99%). The material was analyzed by HPLC and used without further purification in the next step. 
     Bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclohexylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate can be made using processes described Example 1. The yield using the product from the step above was 153.8 g (57%). 
     This method was used for the compounds shown in  FIGS. 2 ,  6 - 8 ,  17 - 25 ,  30 ,  47 - 50 ,  52 - 59 ,  70 ,  85 ,  121 - 125 ,  127 - 137 ,  143 - 155 ,  182 - 191 ,  225 ,  306 ,  308 - 310 ,  316 - 323 ,  325 - 327 ,  335 - 337 ,  339 - 341 ,  346 - 347 ,  352 - 357 ,  359 ,  361 - 362 ,  364 - 365 ,  368 - 370 ,  392 - 395 ,  403 - 405 ,  408 - 409 ,  411 ,  414 - 415 ,  417 - 418 ,  423 - 425 ,  427 - 428 ,  431 - 434 ,  618 - 619 ,  645 , and  653 . 
     Additionally, a tertiary amine other than triethylamine can be used, including tripropyl amine, tri-n-butyl amine, triisobutylamine, triisopropylamine, triisopentylamine, and N,N-diisopropylethyl amine. 
     Example 5 
     Bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate, a straight chain oxalate ester, and bis{3,5,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate made via the route described in Example 1, were examined. Both materials were placed within open glass bottles and stored in a cabinet in a room where the humidity was maintained at 50%+/−5% Relative Humidity. Within two weeks the bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate had changed significantly in physical appearance. HPLC analysis revealed that this material had reverted to n-pentyl trichlorosalicylic acid. Compounding this material into an oxalate solution and admixing with an activator solution resulted in no light. The bis{3,5,6-trichloro-2-[(3-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate was also compounded into an oxalate solution and admixed with an activator solution resulting in the generation of light. 
     Example 6 
     Bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate, a straight chain oxalate ester was made via the route described in Example 1. Bis{3,5,6-trichloro-2[(benzylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate was made via the route described in Example 2. Both materials were placed within open glass bottles and stored in a cabinet in a room where the humidity was maintained at 50%+/−5% Relative Humidity. Within two weeks the bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate had changed significantly in physical appearance. HPLC analysis revealed that this material had reverted to n-pentyl trichlorosalicylic acid. Compounding this material into an oxalate solution and admixing with an activator solution resulted in no light. The bis{3,5,6-trichloro-2[(benzylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate was also compounded into an oxalate solution and admixed with an activator solution resulting in the generation of light. 
     Example 7 
     Bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate, a straight chain oxalate ester, and bis{3,5,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate were made via the route described in Example 1. Both materials were placed within open glass bottles and stored in a cabinet in a room where the humidity was maintained at 50%+/−5% Relative Humidity Within two weeks the bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate had changed significantly in physical appearance. HPLC analysis revealed that this material had reverted to n-pentyl trichlorosalicylic acid. Compounding this material into an oxalate solution and admixing with an activator solution resulted in no light. Bis{3,5,6-trichloro-2-[(2-methylbutoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate was also compounded into an oxalate solution and admixed with an activator solution resulting in the generation of light. 
     Example 8 
     Bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate was made via the route described in Example 1. Bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclohexylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate was made via the route described in Example 4. Both materials were placed within open glass bottles and stored in a cabinet in a room where the humidity was maintained at 50%+/−5% Relative Humidity. Within two weeks the bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(pentoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate had changed significantly in physical appearance. HPLC analysis revealed that this material had reverted to n-pentyl trichlorosalicylic acid. Compounding this material into an oxalate solution and admixing with an activator solution resulted in no light. The bis{3,4,6-trichloro-2-[(cyclohexylmethoxy)carbonyl]phenyl}oxalate was also compounded into an oxalate solution and admixed with an activator solution resulting in the generation of light. 
     Chemical light systems, also known as chemiluminescent systems, for production of a chemiluminescent light, generally utilize a two-component system to chemically generate light. Chemiluminescent light is produced by combining the two components, which are usually in the form of chemical solutions referred to as the “oxalate” component and the “activator” component. All suitable activator compositions, inclusive of the various additional fluorescers, catalysts and the like, known to be useful in the prior art, are contemplated for use with the branched chain oxalate species of the present invention. 
     All patents and publications mentioned in this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. All patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 
     It is to be understood that while a certain form of the invention is illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific form or arrangement herein described and shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in the specification and any drawings/figures included herein. 
     One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well adapted to carry out the objectives and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The embodiments, methods, procedures and techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments, are intended to be exemplary and are not intended as limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the appended claims. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the following claims.