Abstract:
An orthotic pedal apparatus for a bicycle has a pedal post having a central first axis and a male threaded portion for engaging female threads in a crank arm of a bicycle crank assembly, a pedal body having a linear bore arrangement with bearings mounting the body rotationally on the pedal post, and a mechanism for adjusting and securing position of the body at different positions along the direction of the axis of the pedal post, and a foot platform mounted rotationally above the pedal body to rotate on a second axis at a right angle to the axis of the pedal post, the foot platform supported on spring elements between the pedal body and the foot platform on both sides of the second rotational axis, the spring elements tending to return the foot platform to a position parallel to the pedal body.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED DOCUMENTS 
       [0001]    The present application claims priority to Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/109,440, filed Jan. 29, 2015, and all disclosure of the provisional application is incorporated herein at least by reference. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention is in the technical area of bicycle cranks and pedals, and pertains more specifically to a bicycle pedal and mounting assembly that provides several degrees of adjustability to both compensate for differences in hip, knee and ankle structure and function among different users of a bicycle, and to provide rehabilitation exercise for users that have chronic joint problems, particularly with the knee joint. 
         [0004]    2. Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    It is quite well known in the art that different persons have different anatomical features and alignment of elements of the lower body, and that a single bicycle pedal and crank arrangement will not be suitable for all such persons. Further, some people may suffer injury or at least discomfort using a crank and pedal arrangement that might be perfectly suitable for another person. One of the differences between persons that contribute to this situation are, for example, a difference in the length of legs among different people, and indeed, the fact that one person may exhibit one leg longer than the other. 
         [0006]    Another difference is in hip structure. The human hip anatomy evolved for efficient upright walking, and typically operates such that a person&#39;s steps are substantially in-line, rather than widely separated side-to-side. This situation is important in what is known as Q-Factor in a crank assembly for a bicycle. Q-Factor is the distance horizontally across the cranks between the points where pedals may be attached. If this distance is large a user&#39;s legs will be too far separated, and unnatural forces may impinge on the ankles, knees and hips. 
         [0007]    Yet another difference is in patella placement and action among different people. The human patella (knee cap) rides in a groove in the end of the femur, is stabilized by ligaments and tendons, and tracks in movement with the aid of certain muscles in and around the knee. The function of the patella may be affected by hip and ankle structure and operation, and in certain situations persons may suffer what is known as patella tracking disorder (PTD), and Patella Femoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS), known in one manifestation as chondromalacia patella, which may be described as softening of the anterior (back or behind) cartilage of the kneecap. 
         [0008]    Still another difference is in ankle anatomy and function among different people. In different people the ankle may be neutral (Straight up and down), or may tend to either of pronation or supination. In pronation the foot tilts outward, the ankle inward, and in supination just the opposite. If a person&#39;s ankles pronate, that person will be uncomfortable using a crank and pedal arrangement that is more suitable for a person who&#39;s ankles supinate (and vice-versa). 
         [0009]    And it should be considered that the anatomy and function of the hips, the knees and the ankles are all interconnected, and a problem in one region will inevitably be translated to other regions. So it should be apparent that a crank and pedal arrangement should best be designed for the anatomy and functional characteristics of each individual, although this is, in the art, a difficult and expensive proposition. Further it may be apparent that if a crank and pedal arrangement is perfectly suited to one individual, that that individual might benefit from some rather slight changes in perhaps crank length, Q-factor, and pedal angles to pronate or supinate just a bit, which might tend to help strengthen muscles and tendons, and even correct anatomy to some degree. 
         [0010]    What is clearly needed in the art is a crank and pedal apparatus that may have several degrees of adjustability to be able to accommodate anatomical and functional differences among users, and may also serve to provide therapeutic exercise for persons suffering from conditions like PTD and PFPS, for example. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0011]    In one embodiment of the invention an orthotic pedal apparatus for a bicycle is provided, comprising a pedal post having a central first axis and a male threaded portion for engaging female threads in a crank arm of a bicycle crank assembly, a pedal body having a linear bore arrangement with bearings mounting the body rotationally on the pedal post, and a mechanism for adjusting and securing position of the body at different positions along the direction of the central first axis of the pedal post, and a foot platform mounted rotationally above the pedal body to rotate on a second axis at a right angle to the first axis of the pedal post, the foot platform supported on spring elements between the pedal body and the foot platform on both sides of the second rotational axis, the spring elements tending to return the foot platform to a position parallel to the pedal body. 
         [0012]    In one embodiment the apparatus further comprises a rotating float platform mounted centrally on a post on an upper surface of the pedal platform, the float platform enabled to rotate in a plane parallel with the plane of the upper surface of the pedal platform. Also in one embodiment the apparatus further comprises a layer of low-friction material between the float platform and the upper surface of the pedal platform. IN one embodiment there are adjustable stops between the pedal body and the foot platform on opposite sides of the second axis, the adjustable stops limiting angular rotation of the foot platform. Also in one embodiment there are adjustable anchor points for the spring elements, enabling adjustment of pressure exerted by the spring elements between the pedal body and the foot platform. 
         [0013]    In one embodiment the spring elements are tension springs. In one embodiment the spring elements are compression springs. And in one embodiment the spring elements constitute one or more layers of resilient, rubber-like material disposed between the pedal body and the foot platform. 
         [0014]    In one embodiment the mechanism for adjusting and securing position of the body at different positions along the direction of the axis of the pedal post comprises a threaded bolt through one end of the pedal body opposite the threaded portion of the pedal post, the threaded bolt engaging female threads along a bore having a common axis with the pedal post. 
         [0015]    In another aspect of the invention an add-on orthotic device for a bicycle pedal, comprising a body with a downward-opening rectangular U-shape, a clamping mechanism enabling the body to be clamped at different positions along a conventional pedal having a pedal post, in a direction of a central axis of the pedal post, a layer of resilient, rubber-like material having a common thickness, the layer of material fixed to an upper surface of the body by a strong adhesive, and a rigid foot platform fixed to an upper surface of the layer of resilient, rubber-like material by a strong adhesive. 
         [0016]    In one embodiment the clamping mechanism comprises clamp screws through one side of the body, enabling clamping the body to a pedal. Also in one embodiment the clamping mechanism comprises a clamping plate within the body engaged to clamping screws through the body. Also in one embodiment the add-on device further comprises a rotating float platform mounted centrally on a post on an upper surface of the foot platform, the float platform enabled to rotate in a plane parallel with the plane of the upper surface of the foot platform. And in one embodiment there is a layer of low-friction material between the float platform and the upper surface of the foot platform. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]      FIG. 1  is an elevation view of a crank and pedal apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0018]      FIG. 2 a    is a plan view of one of pedal assemblies  105  in one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0019]      FIG. 2 b    is a side view of one of pedal assemblies  105  in one embodiment of the invention. 
           [0020]      FIG. 2 c    is an end view of the pedal assembly of  FIGS. 1, 2   a  and  2   b  in an embodiment of the invention. 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  is a side view of a pedal assembly in an embodiment of the invention illustrating an alternative arrangement for adjusting spring tension. 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  is a side view of a pedal assembly in an embodiment of the invention illustrating another alternative arrangement for adjusting spring tension. 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  is a side view of a pedal assembly in an embodiment of the invention illustrating yet another alternative arrangement for adjusting spring tension. 
           [0024]      FIG. 6  is an elevation view of a crank and pedal apparatus including a conventional pedal, with an add-on apparatus engaged to the conventional pedal to provide functionality according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the add-on apparatus shown engaged to a conventional pedal in  FIG. 6 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0026]      FIG. 1  is an elevation view of a crank and pedal apparatus  100  in an embodiment of the present invention. Two crank arms  104  are joined to extend in opposite directions from an axle on centerline  103  through bearings in a bracket  101 . A set of sprockets  102  is shown as joined to the axle between the bracket and crank arm on one side. 
         [0027]    Unique pedal assemblies  105  are pivotally joined to ends of the crank arms opposite where the crank arms join the axle. Details of the pedal assemblies are described below with reference to further figures. The crank arms are offset in this example to create additional distance between the pedals, and it will be apparent that the offset may be different in different instances, or there may be no offset. The crank offset influences Q-Factor, which is defined as the dimension between points where the opposite pedals join the crank arms, and influences stance width in the same way, stance width defined as the dimension between where a user&#39;s feet interact with the pedals. The skilled person will realize that the crank arms may be of different lengths in different embodiments, although typically the opposite crank arms will be of a common length. 
         [0028]      FIG. 2 a    is a plan view of one of pedal assemblies  105  in one embodiment of the invention. There are four primary parts in this assembly, these being a pedal post  201  which assembles to the crank arm by a male threaded portion as is known in the art, a pedal body  202  which rotates on a shaft portion  203  of post  201 , a pedal platform  205  which mounts rotationally to body  202  via pivot shafts  207  and is supported by body  202 , and a float platform  225  that rides on a layer  227  of low-friction bearing material, and is rotationally mounted to platform  205  by a post  226  that is fixed in platform  205 , but engages rotationally with float platform  225 . 
         [0029]    In the example shown body  202  may be a steel casting or a die casting, machined to provide proper bores for assembling to other parts of the pedal assembly.  FIG. 2 b    is a side elevation view of the pedal assembly of  FIG. 2 a   . Referring now to  FIG. 2 a   , a bore  216  accommodates shaft  203 , which engages with body  202  through a plurality of bearings  204 , which may be, in one embodiment, ball bearings, but may be in another embodiment journal bearings. Bearings  204  are fixed in position in bore  216  in body  202 , but shaft  203  is enabled to slide in the inner races of the bearings in the direction of the long axis of the shaft. 
         [0030]    In this embodiment shaft  203  has a threaded bore  211  in the end opposite the end where the pedal post joins to the crank. Bore  211  engages a bolt  206  constrained by a keeper  212 , such that turning the bolt in one rotary direction draws the pedal assembly toward the crank arm, and turning bolt  206  in the opposite direction translates the pedal assembly away from the crank arm. Bolt  206  is engaged in this embodiment in one or both of body  202  and shaft  203  in a close-fit manner, such that the bolt will not turn unless urged to do so by application of considerable torque applied to the bolt by a wrench. This feature prevents the position of pedal platform  205  from changing in use unintentionally. By turning bolts  206  in opposite pedal assemblies, stance width may be adjusted within the limits of the design. 
         [0031]    It may be seen that body  206  has two distinct portions, these being portion  214  which accommodates bore  216  extending in the direction of shaft  203 , and portion  215  which is elevated somewhat above portion  214 , and extends at a ninety-degree angle to portion  214 . Portion  215  has mirror-image bores  217  extending inward from each end, with bearings  208  mounted in the bores, to support pivot shafts  207 , by which pedal platform  205  is rotationally mounted, such that the pedal platform may rotate a few degrees to allow for pronation and supination of the feet of different users. 
         [0032]    In this embodiment body  202  has four integral extensions  209  for mounting stops  210  to limit rotational travel of pedal platform  205  about body portion  215 . Stops  210  may be threaded posts that engage threaded holes in extensions  209 . Posts  209  have flats for engaging a wrench to adjust the height of the post. In this example it is preferred that posts on opposite sides of body portion  214  be set at the same height. Extensions  209  also provide for anchoring tension springs  218 , which in a preferred embodiment are pre-tensioned, so that as pedal platform  205  rotates side-to side, the springs will not completely relax. If the springs are identical then the spring force in each direction of rotation will be the same. In one embodiment mounting of each spring either above or below is adjustable in the direction of the spring force, so the force needed to rotate pedal platform  205  may be adjusted. 
         [0033]    Rotationally-mounted float platform  225  provides heel float for a user, that is, enabling the user&#39;s heels to turn toward or away from the crank assembly while the ball of the user&#39;s foot is on the float platform. In some embodiments the upper surface of float platform  225  is striated or grained to provide a high degree of friction with the sole of a user&#39;s shoe. 
         [0034]      FIG. 2 c    is an end view of the pedal assembly in the view direction “C” in  FIG. 2 b   , showing essentially the same parts as shown in  FIGS. 2 a  and 2 b   , but from the end viewpoint toward the crank. Springs  218  are not shown in  FIG. 2 c    to avoid confusion. 
         [0035]      FIG. 3  is a side view of a pedal assembly in an embodiment of the invention illustrating an alternative arrangement for adjusting spring tension for springs  218 . In this implementation springs  218  are shorter, and adjusting screws  220  ( 4 ) are provided with tapped holes in extensions  209  to adjust pre-tension in springs  218 . Adjustment may be accomplished as well by substituting springs of different spring rate. 
         [0036]      FIG. 4  is a side view of a pedal assembly in another embodiment illustrating another alternative arrangement for adjusting spring pressure for rotation of platform  205 . In the implementation illustrated by  FIG. 4  compression springs  221  are used instead of tension springs  218 , and extensions  209  are structured to provide sufficient base retention for springs  221 . Pressure for platform  205  can be adjusted by substituting springs of different lengths and of different spring rates. Adjustable cup pedestals  222  for springs  221  may be used as well to retain the springs and to adjust spring pressure. 
         [0037]      FIG. 5  is a side view of a pedal assembly in another embodiment illustrating another alternative arrangement for adjusting spring pressure for rotation of platform  205 . In the arrangement of  FIG. 5  resilient blocks  223 , which may be made of rubber, synthetic rubber, or any one of a variety of polymers, are placed between extensions  209  and platform  205  to provide the necessary return force on each side of the rotation axis for platform  205 . It will be apparent that the shape of the resilient blocks may vary in a number of ways, and that force on the platform may be adjusted by changing the blocks to blocks of a different material with a different spring rate. 
         [0038]      FIG. 6  is an elevation view of a crank and pedal apparatus  601  including conventional pedals  107 , with an add-on apparatus  602  engaged to the conventional pedal to provide functionality according to an embodiment of the present invention. Apparatus  602  may be engaged to conventional pedal  107  at different points along the length of pedal  107 , which adjusts the stance width, and if conditions warrant the opposite apparatus  602  may be engaged at a different point relative to the crank arm. In this example the add-on device has been secured at a dimension “d” away from the crank arm, compared to the conventional pedal. So the stance distance in this example, assuming an identical position of the pedal and device on the opposite crank arm, will be increased by 2×d. It is not necessary that both add-on devices attach at the same distance from the crank arms. Attachment implementation and other functions of apparatus  602  are described in detail below with reference to  FIG. 7 . 
         [0039]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of add-on apparatus  602  shown engaged to a conventional pedal in  FIG. 6 . Apparatus  602  in this embodiment comprises a U-shaped body  603 . A clamping plate  604  is deployed inside body  603 , and may be adjusted inward and outward by clamp screws  607 , so body  603  may be placed over a conventional pedal at a desired position, and may be secured at that position by clamping to the conventional pedal. A float platform  608  is provided to rotate on a low-friction material on the top surface of platform  606 , constrained by post  609 , very much in the manner described above for float platform  225 . 
         [0040]    In this embodiment body  603  has a layer  605  of resilient, rubber-like material fixed to an upper surface of body  603  by a strong adhesive. Foot platform  606  is similarly fixed to an upper surface of the resilient layer, also by a strong adhesive. The spring rate of the resilient layer allows a user&#39;s foot to cant to the inside or the outside in operation of the crank assembly with the feet. The add-on device thus provides the functionality of the special pedal depicted in  FIGS. 1 through 5 . 
         [0041]    In alternative embodiments of the add-on device platform  606  may be suspended on body  603  by an array of compression springs, rather than a layer of resilient material. IN other alternative embodiments platform  606  may have a pivot element under the platform in the direction of the width of a pedal, which may serve as a fulcrum for tilting of platform  606 . 
         [0042]    It will be apparent to the skilled person that the unique pedal assembly  105  depicted in  FIGS. 1 through 5  provides for adjusting for stance width, for supination and for pronation within an adjustable range, and for pedal tilt “pushback” provided by adjustable springs  218 , as well as providing heel float. The skilled person will also recognize that the add-on device depicted in  FIGS. 6 and 7  may provide essentially the same functionality. The skilled person will also understand that the mechanical design depicted in the figures is but one design among many that may provide the functionality intended in the invention. For example, there are a number of ways the spring rate pedal pushback may be accomplished. There are similarly several ways that pedal position along the mounting shafts might be accomplished, such as by sliding the pedals to a position to be locked by, for example, set screws. Alternative mechanical contrivances for accomplishing the inventive functionality should be considered as within the scope of the invention. 
         [0043]    In one embodiment of the invention the inventor provides a stationary bicycle having a crank arrangement fitted with pedals according to an embodiment of the present invention. In one embodiment video equipment is provided for filming a client using the stationary bicycle under a variety of different adjustments of the various adjustable parameters provided in embodiments of the invention. Such videos provide to a skilled person having special knowledge of user movements in response to the apparatus and ability to set up the crank and pedal assembly optimally for different users. The skilled observer may also optimally adjust the apparatus for a particular user by direct observation and adjustment. In some embodiments indicators and scribe marks may be provided to record the settings for stance width and for spring settings.