Abstract:
A fin stabilizer for stabilizing a watercraft against rolling movements includes a main fin configured to be pivoted by a watercraft-side fin drive, a tail fin, and an elastically deformable connection between the main fin and the tail fin, the elastically deformable connection being configured to flex whenever a water force acting on the tail fin is greater than a predetermined amount.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE 
     This application claims priority to German patent application no. 10 2014 217 227.6 filed on Aug. 28, 2014, the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present disclosure is directed to a fin stabilizer for stabilizing a watercraft and to a watercraft including a fin stabilizer. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Stabilizers for watercraft, in particular fin stabilizers, may be used both for stabilizing watercraft while underway (while operating or traveling) as well as for stabilizing watercraft that are anchored or moving at low speed during “pre-anchor” operation. The requirements for stabilizing a watercraft moving at a relatively high speed, however, are different than (and conflict with) the requirements for stabilizing a watercraft moving slowly or not at all. Stabilizer fins optimized for driving/traveling operation preferably have a wide span and a short chord length relative thereto. Lifting forces for stabilizing the watercraft are produced by the oncoming/incident flow of water during travel and the angle of attack of the fin stabilizers. To minimize the required drive torque, (the torque required to maintain or change the angle of attack) the axis of rotation should be located in the vicinity of the center of lift of the fin stabilizer. 
     For pre-anchor stabilizing, on the other hand, there is no or negligible oncoming flow with respect to the stabilizer fins. Therefore, forces for counteracting a rolling movement must be generated by the fin stabilizers themselves, that is by moving the stabilizer fins to displace water and/or create a flow of water around the moved stabilizer fin. For a fin having approximately the same span width, stabilizer fins used for pre-anchor stabilizing should have a large chord length and an axis of rotation closer to the nose of the stabilizer fin. High drive torques are required in order to allow stabilizers adapted for pre-anchor operation to also be used to effectively counteract rolling movements of the watercraft in driving operation. Due to the large stabilizer fin and the requirement for a powerful drive, these stabilizer systems are heavy, consume a relatively large amount of power and occupy a large space in the watercraft. Furthermore, when designing fin stabilizers, a compromise must be made between optimizing the stabilizer for driving operation and optimizing the stabilizer for pre-anchor operation. 
     A fin including a variably adjustable outer contour is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,970 A. Control wires are integrated in the fin which change the curvature of the fin when their lengths change. The change in length is regulated by a control system. 
     A fin stabilizer for stabilizing a watercraft is known from DE 102011005313 B3. This stabilizer includes a main fin that is pivotable by a watercraft-side fin drive and a tail fin that is movably supported on the main fin. The fin stabilizer includes a locking device that actively regulates the pivoting of the tail fin. In pre-anchor operation the locking device blocks a possible pivoting movement of the tail fin and thereby increases the surface of the stabilizer fin. In driving operation the locking device is switched to free movement (unlocked) and makes possible a free pivoting movement of the tail fin so that the surface of the stabilizer fin is reduced. 
     These known concepts provide for a more effective stabilizing of watercraft than one-part stabilizer fins, in particular by adjusting the effective surface area of the stabilizer fins. However, in both cases an active regulating device is required to select between pre-anchor and driving operation states. Furthermore in DE 102011005313 the locking device includes of a variety of mechanical or hydraulic components. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 2,151,836 A discloses a boat including collecting surfaces for wave shocks as well as support surfaces that reduce the tendency of the bow to sink. Publication DE 60 2005 004 944 T2 discloses an active roll-stabilization system for ships. Stabilizing fins for damping the longitudinal movement of keel yachts are known from publication DE 39 39 435 A1. 
     SUMMARY 
     One aspect of the present disclosure is to provide an improved fin stabilizer for a watercraft that effectively stabilizes a watercraft both in driving operation and in pre-anchor operation. Another aspect of the disclosure is to provide a watercraft that is highly stabilized against rolling movement both during pre-anchor operation and during driving operation. 
     A disclosed fin stabilizer for stabilizing a watercraft includes a main fin that is pivotable by a watercraft-side fin drive and a tail fin. The tail fin is elastically deformable if excessive water forces act thereon, that is, if water forces against the tail fin exceed a predetermined level. The water forces thereby automatically set a tail fin angle. Alternatively or additionally a connection body for automatically setting a tail fin angle can be disposed between the tail fin and the main fin, which connection body sets the tail fin angle based on a force of the water acting on the tail fin. Stated another way, the connection body varies the tail fin angle based on the force of water acting on the tail fin. 
     Both the flexible tail fin and the connection body for automatically setting a tail fin angle are passive, and thus control devices, active control systems and the like are not necessary. Active control devices do not need to be integrated in the fin stabilizer, which makes the fin stabilizer lighter and less complex than conventional fin stabilizers of the same size. Manufacturing and maintenance expenses are also significantly reduced. The flexible tail fin and/or connection body acts like a spring having a spring constant that is adapted to the forces that are expected to act on the stabilizer fin. In pre-anchor operation the effective surface area of the stabilizer fin is extended by the tail fin. This is because, in pre-anchor operation, the force acting on the tail fin when the fin drive operates produces little or no deflection of the tail fin. However, during driving operation a flow of water acts in addition to the fin drive, and the force of this water acting on the tail fin deflects the tail fin. The effective surface area of the stabilizer fin is thus reduced during driving operation. The drive torque of the stabilizer fin drops and thus a greater angle of attack and greater lifting force resulting therefrom for reducing rolling is achieved. 
     In one exemplary embodiment the tail fin is pivotably supported on the main fin for movement about a pivot axis. A defined mechanical pivoting of the tail fin is thus made possible. The connection body can thereby be an assembly of at least one elastic deformation body, a cylinder-piston assembly, a dual-action torsion spring seated on the pivot axis and the like, which passively adjust the tail fin angle and the pivoting of the tail fin. 
     According to a preferred exemplary embodiment of the fin stabilizer, the connection body includes a deformation body that at least partially connects the main fin to the tail fin. The deformation body is preferably comprised of a one-part elastic plastic, or an elastic combination of plastics and other suitable materials, and has a defined spring constant. The mechanical pivot axis between the tail fin and the main fin can thereby be completely replaced by the connection body. 
     In a further preferred exemplary embodiment of the fin stabilizer the deformation body is multi-part, for example, multi-layer. The individual bodies or layers can have different thicknesses, and the orientation of the layers can be selected based on the required properties of the deformation body. Reinforcing fibers can be embedded in the deformation body. The behavior of the tail fin can be precisely set by the composition of the deformation body and by the geometric shaping and the thickness or thickness distribution of the layers of the deformation body. 
     According to an advantageous exemplary embodiment the connection body includes at least one stabilizing element. This stabilizing element preferably limits the degrees of freedom for movement of the tail fin to those that are necessary for the operation of the fin stabilizer. In other words, the tail fin is only allowed to flex or pivot in a manner that improves stabilization, and movements that do not improve stabilization are reduced or substantially prevented. The stabilizing element thus acts like a pivot guide that prevents a twisting of the connection body. This stabilizer element is preferably incorporated in the center or in the neutral phase of the deformation body. The layer element can comprise, for example and without limitation, a plastic, a fiber composite material, a metal, or a metal hybrid material or the like. 
     In an advantageous embodiment of the fin stabilizer the stabilizing element at least sectionally connects the tail fin to the main fin. This ensures at least one continuous connection between the main fin and the tail fin, and the tail fin will still be reliably connected to the main fin even if the deformation body is damaged. 
     The securing element of the fin stabilizer preferably includes at least one web at least on one side thereof. This provides a planar rib-type bracing of the deformation body. Preferably a plurality of webs, in particular wall-type webs, are provided, and at least some intermediate spaces between the webs are filled with compressible and stretchable materials such as plastic foams. Furthermore, multi-part, in particular multi-layer deformation combinations and the like can be used in the intermediate spaces. This helps make possible a defined transmission to the deformation body of the forces acting on the tail fin. The spring constant of the deformation body can be precisely set via the materials in the intermediate spaces. However, the materials can also be chosen such that their influence on the spring constant is negligible compared to the influence of a central plane of the deformation body. For example, it may be desirable to choose the materials used in the intermediate spaces so that, depending on the pivot angle, differently-sized resistances must be overcome. Likewise the materials in the intermediate spaces can be chosen such that, depending on the pivot angle, an increasing resistance for pivoting the tail fin must be overcome. That is, the forces that must be overcome to pivot the tail fin may increase with increasing pivot angle. 
     In a further advantageous exemplary embodiment of the fin stabilizer, the connection body or the tail fin includes, at least in sections, a friction-fit and/or interference-fit connection to the main fin. The connection body also preferably transitions flush into the tail fin. This allows such a fin stabilizer to be manufactured with a high degree of automation utilizing common manufacturing processes. Screw connections and dovetail joints are examples. Alternatively or additionally the connection body can also be connected in a materially bonded manner, for example, adhered, to the main fin and/or the tail fin. 
     The connection body or the tail fin can extend flush or smoothly or in a stepwise manner from the main fin. In particular, a flow-optimizable shape of the fin stabilizer results from the flush design. Eddies in the transition regions between the main fin and the connection body and between the connection body and the tail fin can thus effectively be prevented. The manufacturing of the fin stabilizer can be simplified by the stepwise design. 
     A watercraft equipped with the disclosed fin stabilizer is characterized, in particular with a simplified fin stabilizer and by high roll stabilization, both in driving operation and in pre-anchor operation. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Preferred exemplary embodiments of the disclosure are explained in more detail with reference to the following greatly simplified schematic illustrations: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a fin stabilizer according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the uninstalled state. 
         FIG. 2  is a simplified, partial, sectional view through the X-Z plane of  FIG. 1 . 
         FIG. 3  is a sectional view of Region A in  FIG. 1  in the X-Z plane. 
         FIG. 4  is a sectional view through a partial region of a fin stabilizer according to a second exemplary embodiment of the disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective illustration of a fin stabilizer according to a third exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 6  is a sectional view through Region B in  FIG. 5  in the X-Z plane. 
         FIG. 7  is a sectional view through a partial region of a fourth exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 8  is a sectional view through a partial region of a fifth exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 9  is a sectional view through a partial region of a sixth exemplary embodiment. 
         FIG. 10  is a schematic of the watercraft with a fin stabilizer thereon. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the drawings, identical structural elements are identified by identical reference numerals. For clarity, in some Figures only some of the same structural elements are provided with a reference numeral. 
       FIG. 1  shows a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment of a fin stabilizer  1  according to the disclosure. The fin stabilizer  1  includes a main fin  2  (referred to as the first fin in the claims) and a tail fin  4  (referred to as the second fin in the claims) that are connected via a connection body  6 . The connection body  6  allows for automatically setting a tail fin angle α with respect to the main fin  2 . The connection body  6  is disposed in the longitudinal direction x of the fin stabilizer  1  between the main fin  2  and the tail fin  4 . The tail fin angle α is explained in more detail with reference to  FIG. 2 . 
     The main fin  2  is driven via a drive shaft  7  by a conventional watercraft-side fin drive  42  of a conventional watercraft  40  (illustrated in schematically in  FIG. 10  wherein the watercraft  40  and fin drive  42  are illustrated in dashed lines to illustrate that no specific shape or size of the watercraft  40  or fin drive  42  is being disclosed and no specific location of the fin drive  42  or fin stabilizer  1  on the watercraft  40  is being disclosed). The watercraft  40  includes a bow  44 , stern  46 , port side  48 , and starboard side  50 , wherein the watercraft-side fin drive  42  may be located on the starboard side  50 . The drive shaft  7  extends in or nearly in the transverse direction y of the fin stabilizer  1  and is centrally disposed in the height direction z of the fin stabilizer  1 . An opening (not illustrated) for producing an effective connection between the drive shaft  7  and the fin stabilizer  1  is disposed close to a leading edge  8  (viewed from the oncoming flow) of the main fin  2  and distant from a trailing edge  9  of the main fin  2 , and thus relatively distant from the tail fin  4 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates how the tail fin  4  is deflectable relative to a main-fin central plane  3  through a tail fin angle α using a simplified sectional view of the first exemplary embodiment. A position of the tail fin  4  deflected by the tail fin angle +α is identified by reference number  4 +. A position of the tail fin  4  deflected by the tail fin angle −α is identified by the reference number  4 −. The respective position results from the forces acting on the tail fin  4 . The orientation of the tail fin  4  is always affected by the direction of a water flow acting on the main fin  2 . A pivot axis  11  indicated by the reference number  11  serves merely as a reference point for defining the tail fin angle. The tail fin referenced by number  4 + and  4 − is enlarged merely for clarity, in operation the shape and length of the tail fin remains unchanged (only the angle of the tail fin  4  with respect to the main fin  2  varies). 
       FIG. 3  shows a section of the connection body  6  in region A from  FIG. 1  along the oncoming-flow direction of the fin stabilizer  1 . In this exemplary embodiment the connection body  6  is configured as a one-part, elastic deformation body  10 . The deformation body  10  extends over the respective entire extension of the stabilizer fin  1  in the trailing edge region of the main fin  2  in transverse direction y and in height direction z. For example, the deformation body  10  is comprised of polyurethane. The connection body  6  serves as a kind of pivot axis  11  ( FIG. 2 ) and as a connection between the main fin  2  and the tail fin  4 . The tail fin  4  is pivotally secured to the main fin  2  by the connection body  6  such that the tail fin  4  is spaced from the main fin  2  and does not directly contact any portion of the main fin  2 . In addition to the deformation body  10 , the connection body  6  includes a main-fin-side connecting element  12  that connects the deformation body  10  to the main fin  2 . In this embodiment, the connecting element  12  has an H-shaped cross-section and is preferably flexurally stable and screwed to the main fin. A tail-fin-side connecting element is not depicted, but can be constructed in an analogous manner. The connection between the deformation body  10  and the tail-fin-side connecting element can be effected, for example, by material bond. 
     The main-fin-side connecting element  12 , the deformation body  10  of the connection body  6 , and the tail-fin-side connecting element (not illustrated) are configured to maintain a streamlined shape between the main fin  2  and the tail fin  4 . An outer skin  14  covering the deformation body  10 , the main-fin-side connecting element  12 , and the tail-fin-side connecting element transitions flush or in a stepless manner from the main fin  2  to the tail fin  4 . 
     A section through a second exemplary embodiment of the fin stabilizer  1 , taken in the region of a connection body  6  for automatically setting a tail fin angle α between the tail fin  4  and the main fin  2 , is shown in  FIG. 4 . The connection body  6  includes multiple elements, and in particular has a multi-layer deformation body  10  that extends over the entire transverse extension and height extension of the fin stabilizer  1  in the trailing edge region of the main fin  2 . It is connected to a main-fin-side connecting element  12  and to a tail-fin-side connecting element  18 . It has a stabilizing element  16  (referred to as a rigid element in the claims) that is incorporated in the neutral phase of the deformation body  10  and extends between the main-fin-side connecting element  12  and the tail-fin-side connecting element  18 . The stabilizing element  16  helps prevent the connection body from twisting when it elastically deforms. Two layers  21 ,  23  and  20 ,  22  are respectively disposed on both sides of the stabilizing element  16 . 
     Depending on the requirements for the multi-layer deformation body  10 , the thickness, i.e. the extension in height direction z, of the stabilizing element  16  and of the individual layers  20 ,  21 ,  22 , and  23  can vary. Likewise, the individual layers  20  to  23  can be comprised of different materials. The stabilizing element may be a rigid material, for example, a plastic-based fiberglass composite material; the two inner layers  22 ,  23  abutting directly on the stabilizing element  16  may be comprised, for example, of a polyurethane foam or polyethylene foam, and the two outer layers  20 ,  21  may be comprised, for example, of a non-foam polyurethane elastomer. 
     The stretchable and compressible layers  20 ,  21 ,  22 ,  23  are adapted to the stabilizing element  16  in terms of their thickness. The desired shape of the connection body  6  thus results, and thus also the shape of the transition from the main fin  2  to the tail fin  4 . In the second exemplary embodiment the stabilizing element  16  tapers towards the tail fin. The inner layers  22 ,  23  increase in height in the tail fin direction, whereas the outer layers  20 ,  21  are tapered towards the tail fin to set the flow-optimized shape. Of course, other patterns are also possible. 
       FIG. 5  shows a perspective view of a third exemplary embodiment of the fin stabilizer  1  including a connection body  6  for automatically setting a tail fin angle α between a tail fin  4  and a main fin  2 . The connection body  6  includes a multi-part deformation body  10  in which a stabilizing element  16  is embedded, which is incorporated in the neutral phase. Here the stabilizing element is plate-shaped and has webs  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  27  disposed on both sides thereof. The webs  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  27  are disposed opposite one another and extend in the height direction z of the fin stabilizer  1  along the entire extension of the fin stabilizer  1  in transverse direction y in the region of the deformation body  10 . A detailed explanation of the webs is provided below with reference to  FIG. 6 . 
     An enlarged section of the region B from  FIG. 5  is depicted in  FIG. 6 . The connection body  6  is connected to the main fin  2  via an H-shaped connecting element  12 . The connecting element  12  is identical to the connecting element shown in the first exemplary embodiment and is not further described. The connection of the tail fin  4  to the connection body  10  is also identical to that of the first exemplary embodiment, so repeated explanations are omitted, and reference is made to the explanations for  FIG. 2 . 
     The webs  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  27  are wall-shaped and extend orthogonally from the stabilizing element  18  in the height direction z. They are each preferably uniformly spaced from one another in the longitudinal direction x of the fin stabilizer  1 , and their heads or distal ends are spaced from the outer skin  14 . Due to the flow-optimized shape of the deformation body  10 , the webs or walls  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  27  extend away from the stabilizing element  16  to different extents; that is, they have different lengths or heights. Due to the mutual spacing, a plurality of intermediate spaces  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35  are formed that connect to each other at the head side (distal ends) of the webs  28 ,  29 ,  30 ,  31 . In this exemplary embodiment the intermediate spaces  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35  are filled with a plastic foam  22 ,  23 . The stabilizing element  16  and the webs  28 ,  29 ,  30 ,  31  are also preferably comprised of plastic. For mutual dovetailing/meshing/engagement of the plastic material in the intermediate spaces  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35 , the webs can also be provided with corresponding holes for receiving or permeation of the plastic material. Piercing be provided with the plastic material. During a deforming of the connection body  10  the webs  28 ,  29 ,  30 ,  31  of one side are moved towards each other at the head side, and the plastic material in the respective intermediate spaces  32 ,  33 ,  34 ,  35  is pressed together. This affects a pivoting behavior of the tail fin and allows this behavior to be adjusted. 
     A section through a connection body  6  for automatically setting a tail fin angle α between a tail fin  4  and a main fin  2  of a fourth exemplary embodiment of a fin stabilizer  1  is shown in  FIG. 7 . The essential difference from the third exemplary embodiment is that this embodiment includes a multi-part deformation body  10 , and a plate-shaped stabilizing element  16  separates parts of the deformation body  10 , and the deformation body includes self-contained chambers  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39 . There is no mutual connection of the chambers or intermediate spaces  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39  as there is in the third exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 6 . The chambers  36 ,  37 ,  38 ,  39  are disposed in pairs one-behind-the-other on both sides of the stabilizing element  16  and filled, for example, with a plastic foam. 
       FIG. 8  shows a section through a connection body  6  for automatically setting a tail fin angle α between a tail fin  4  and a main fin  2  of a fifth exemplary embodiment of a fin stabilizer  1 . The essential difference from the already-shown exemplary embodiments is the stepped shape of the connection body  6  or of its deformation body  10  in the region of the main-fin-side connecting element  12  and thus in the transition region from the main fin  2  to the connection body  6 . For example, the deformation body  10  may have a rectangular longitudinal section. Thus the outer skin  14  extends towards the tail fin  4  parallel to the main-fin central plane  3 . As in the preceding exemplary embodiments the tail fin  4  is preferably streamlined, and in this embodiment, it extends flush from the connection body  6 . The tail fin  4  can also optionally be omitted. The connection body  6  or its deformation body  10  thus fulfills the function of the tail fin  4 , since in driving operation the connection body  6  yields to water forces acting thereon and remains almost rigid in pre-anchor operation. For this purpose see also the exemplary embodiment described in  FIG. 9 , wherein the connection body  6  or the deformation body  10  forms the tail fin  4 , or the tail fin  4  is the connection body  6  or the deformation body  10 . 
     A section through a region of a sixth exemplary embodiment of the fin stabilizer is depicted in  FIG. 9 . For automatically setting a tail fin angle α, in this exemplary embodiment the tail fin  4  is embodied so that it is elastically deformed when excessive water force, that is, water force greater than a predetermined level, acts thereon. The connection body  6  or the deformation body  10  is virtually integrated in the tail fin  4  and does not represent an individual component. The tail fin  4  is thus directly connected to the main fin  2 . All features of the connection body  6 , such as intermediate spaces and webs, can be integrated into the elastic tail fin  4 . 
     The operation of the connection body  6  for the automatically setting a tail fin angle α will now be explained. This description relates to all fin stabilizers shown in  FIGS. 1 to 7 . The connection body  6 , and in particular its one-part or multi-part deformation body  10 , acts like a spring the spring constant of which is set such that during pre-anchor operation no or nearly no pivoting of the tail fin  4  relative to the main fin  2  occurs, whereas during driving operation the tail fin  2  is oriented by the direction of a water flow. The spring constant is determined by the construction of the deformation body  10  and results from individual material properties of the layers  20 ,  21 ,  22 ,  23 , intermediate-space fillers, chamber fillers, stabilizing elements  16 , and webs  28 ,  29 ,  30 ,  31  which compose the multi-part deformation bodies shown here as examples. The connection body  6  effectively forms a load acting on the tail fin  4  due to an elastic deforming of a pivot axis  11  indicated in  FIG. 2 . 
     In pre-anchor operation the connection body  6  increases the effective surface area of the fin stabilizer  1  by an amount equal to the surface area of the tail fin  4 , since the force acting on the tail fin  4  during a pivoting of the fin stabilizer  1  is not sufficient to significantly deflect the tail fin  4  by the tail fin angle +α, −α. In pre-anchor operation an effective surface area of the fin stabilizer  1  is formed by the main fin  2  and by nearly the entire surface of the tail fin  4 . Stated another way, if the water force acting on the tail fin  4  is below a predetermined amount, for example when the watercraft is in pre-anchor operation, the connection body  6  having spring-like properties does not deflect the tail fin  4 , and hence, generally maintains the tail fin  4  in its equilibrium state. In driving operation, however, the water flow also acts to drive the tail fin  4 , so that force acting on the tail fin  4  deflects the tail fin  4  based on the direction of flow. The surface of the fin stabilizer  1  is thus reduced in driving operation so that the fin stabilizer  1  can be strongly deflected by the fin drive. In driving operation the tail fin  4  is thus effectively in free movement or free-floating, so that in driving operation the surface area of the fin stabilizer  1  is formed in largest part by the main fin  2 . 
     A fin stabilizer  1  is disclosed for stabilizing a watercraft  40 , which fin stabilizer  1  includes a main fin  2  that is pivotable by a watercraft-side fin drive, and a tail fin  4  that is movably supported on the main fin  2 . The stabilizer  1  includes a connection body  6  for automatically setting a tail fin angle between the tail fin  4  and that main fin  2  based on a water force acting on a surface of the tail fin  4 , as well as a watercraft that is stabilized by at least one such fin stabilizer  1 . 
     Representative, non-limiting examples of the present invention were described above in detail with reference to the attached drawings. This detailed description is merely intended to teach a person of skill in the art further details for practicing preferred aspects of the present teachings and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Furthermore, each of the additional features and teachings disclosed above may be utilized separately or in conjunction with other features and teachings to provide improved fin stabilizer. 
     Moreover, combinations of features and steps disclosed in the above detailed description may not be necessary to practice the invention in the broadest sense, and are instead taught merely to particularly describe representative examples of the invention. Furthermore, various features of the above-described representative examples, as well as the various independent and dependent claims below, may be combined in ways that are not specifically and explicitly enumerated in order to provide additional useful embodiments of the present teachings. 
     All features disclosed in the description and/or the claims are intended to be disclosed separately and independently from each other for the purpose of original written disclosure, as well as for the purpose of restricting the claimed subject matter, independent of the compositions of the features in the embodiments and/or the claims. In addition, all value ranges or indications of groups of entities are intended to disclose every possible intermediate value or intermediate entity for the purpose of original written disclosure, as well as for the purpose of restricting the claimed subject matter. 
     REFERENCE NUMBER LIST 
     
         
         
           
               1  Fin stabilizer 
               2  Main fin 
               3  Main-fin central plane 
               4  Tail fin 
               4 + Tail fin deflected by +α 
               4 − Tail fin deflected by −α 
               6  Connection body 
               7  Drive shaft 
               8  Leading edge of the main fin 
               9  Trailing edge of the main fin 
               10  Deformation body 
               11  Pivot axis 
               12  Main-fin-side connecting element 
               14  Outer skin 
               16  Stabilizing element 
               18  Tail-fin-side connecting element 
               20  Layer 
               21  Layer 
               22  Layer 
               23  Layer 
               24  Web 
               25  Web 
               26  Web 
               27  Web 
               32  Intermediate space 
               33  Intermediate space 
               34  Intermediate space 
               35  Intermediate space 
               36  Chamber 
               37  Chamber 
               38  Chamber 
               39  Chamber 
             α Tail fin angle 
             x Longitudinal direction 
             y Transverse direction/width direction 
             z Height direction/thickness direction