Abstract:
A delay locked loop of the present invention which synthesizes data and a clock inputted from outside has: voltage control delay loops having a plurality of delay circuit parts sequentially delaying the clock; a slot selector selecting a slot outputted from the delay circuit parts of the voltage control delay loops; a clock tree part creating a plurality of clocks with the same timing by an output of the slot selector; a phase control part phase-controlling the plurality of delay circuit parts corresponding to the output clock delay variation of the clock tree part; and sensing means on-off controlling all or part of the plurality of delay circuit parts and the slot selector.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a delay locked loop. More specifically, the present invention relates to a voltage control delay loop (VCDL) forming a delay locked loop (DLL).  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Prior Art  
           [0004]    In the field of high-speed data communication, synchronization of data and a clock to be inputted has been an important technique.  
           [0005]    For example, in a synchronization system in the field of high-speed data communication having a data transfer speed exceeding 2 gigabits/sec (Gbps), as one of means for uniformalizing the edges of a clock input and a data input, a DLL is used to cancel a propagation delay time in a buffer of a clock tree circuit (CT) in a chip (IC).  
           [0006]    [0006]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a delay locked loop (DLL) showing an example of such a prior art. As shown in FIG. 4, the DLL has a clock receiver  1  receiving a clock of 1.25 GHz inputted from a clock (CL) terminal; a delay circuit part  15  having n delay elements  16  connected in series for input and sequential delay of a reception clock (A) outputted from the clock receiver  1 ; a clock tree (CT) part  6  creating clocks (B) with the same timing based on an output of the delay circuit part  15 ; a phase control part  7  performing phase-control by the reception clock (A) and the clock (B) from the CT 6  to on/off control the delay elements  16  of the delay circuit part  15 ; data receivers  8 ,  9  receiving data of 2.5 Gbps inputted from data input terminals (D 0  to D 15 ); and flip-flops (F/Fs)  10 ,  11  storing the data by reception outputs (C) of the data receivers  8 ,  9  and the clocks (B) from the CT part  6 . The phase control part  7  is represented in one block, and has functions of phase detect, charge pump and low-pass filter. Only the two data receivers  8 ,  9  and only the two F/Fs  10 ,  11  are shown. The data receivers  8 ,  9  and the F/Fs  10 ,  11  are naturally provided corresponding to the number of the data input terminals.  
           [0007]    Such DLL compensates for the clock delay variation of the CT part  6  by the phase control part  7  and the delay circuit part  15  and locks the clock (B).  
           [0008]    [0008]FIG. 5 is a data and clock waveform chart of FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 5, the rising edge of the clock (B) to be synchronized with the data (C) after one cycle of the reception clock (A) is a lock point (LP) via the delay circuit part  15  and the CT part  6  in the DLL. In other words, the clock (B) is locked at the rising edge of the clock (B). The clock (A) of 1.25 GHz is at a speed of 800 picoseconds (ps) in one clock cycle so as to mean that the total delay time of the delay circuit part  15  and the CT part  6  is 800 ps.  
           [0009]    The data (C) is typically propagated in a timing delay 90 degrees in phase to the clock (A). When the data receivers  8 ,  9  are of the same construction (shape) and has the same performance, the timing shown in the drawing is maintained. For this reason, the flip-flops (F/Fs)  10 ,  11  can reliably receive the data (C) by the clocks (B) (that is, clocks  0  to  15 ) with the same timing.  
           [0010]    [0010]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the delay circuit part and the clock tree circuit shown in FIG. 4. As shown in FIG. 6, the basic circuit of the delay circuit part and the CT part  6  has differential NMOS transistors  20 ,  21  having gates to which clock input IN and IN inversion are supplied; load elements  17 ,  18  connected between the NMOSs  20 ,  21  and a power source VDD; and a constant current source  19  connected between the NMOSs  20 ,  21  and a ground GND. Clock output OUT and OUT inversion are taken out from the junctions of the NMOS transistors  21 ,  20  and the load elements  18 ,  17 .  
           [0011]    When the basic circuit is used in the delay elements  16  of the delay circuit part  15 , the phase control part  7  variably controls the constant current source  19 . The delay time of the delay circuit part  15  can be thus varied. As the load elements  17 ,  18  in the case of the delay circuit part  15 , an active load of the NMOS transistor and a resistance load of high-resistance polysilicon are used. As the load elements  17 ,  18  in the case of the clock tree (CT) part  6 , a resistance lead of high-resistance polysilicon is used.  
           [0012]    The delay time of the above-mentioned prior art delay locked loop, particularly, the delay time of the clock tree (CT) part, largely depends on variation in the resistance elements forming the resistance loads.  
           [0013]    When attempting to compensate for delay for the variation in the resistance elements only by a delay variation width generated by a current change of the current source of the delay circuit part, the resistance elements are return-controlled at the same time. A sufficient variation width cannot be compensated. As a result, a clock outputted from the CT part to the data processing part side cannot be locked. In other words, the lock point of the data and the clock cannot be determined.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION  
         [0014]    An object of the present invention is to provide a delay locked loop which can compensate for delay time of a clock tree (CT) part only by a delay variation width of delay elements of a delay circuit part.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0015]    A delay locked loop of the present invention which synthesizes data and a clock inputted from outside has:  
           [0016]    voltage control delay loops having a plurality of delay circuit parts sequentially delaying the clock;  
           [0017]    a slot selector selecting a slot outputted from the delay circuit parts of the voltage control delay loops;  
           [0018]    a clock tree part creating a plurality of clocks with the same timing by an output of the slot selector;  
           [0019]    a phase control part phase-controlling the plurality of delay circuit parts corresponding to the output clock delay variation of the clock tree part; and  
           [0020]    sensing means on-off controlling all or part of the plurality of delay circuit parts and the slot selector. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0021]    The above-mentioned and other objects, features and advantages of this invention will become more apparent by reference to the following detailed description of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a delay locked loop of assistance in explaining an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 2 is a data and clock waveform chart of FIG. 1;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams showing a select signal generation circuit of FIG. 1 and its voltage and resistance features;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a delay locked loop showing an example of a prior art;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 5 is a data and clock waveform chart of FIG. 4; and  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 6 is a block diagram of the clock tree circuit shown in FIG. 4. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0028]    An embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a delay locked loop of assistance in explaining an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, a DLL of this embodiment has a clock receiver  1  receiving a clock of 1.25 GHz inputted from a clock (CL) terminal; a voltage control delay loop (VCDL)  2  having L delay elements  12  connected in series for input and sequential delay of a reception clock (A) outputted from the clock receiver  1  and outputting slot L by a phase control signal; a VCDL  3  having M delay elements  12  connected in series for input and sequential delay of the output of the VCDL  2 , that is, the slot L and outputting slot M by the phase control signal and the later-described select signal S 2 ; a VCDL  4  having N delay elements  12  connected in series for input and sequential delay of the output of the VCDL  3 , that is, the slot M and outputting slot N by the phase control signal and the later-described select signal S 1 ; a slot selector  5  selecting the slots L, M and N outputted from the VCDLs  2  to  4  by the select signals S 1 , S 2  and outputting the selected slot as a clock; a clock tree (CT) part  6  creating clocks (B) with the same timing by the clock of the slot selector  5 ; a phase control part  7  performing phase-control by the reception clock (A) and the clock (B) from the CT 6  to on/off control the delay elements  12  of the VCDLs  2  to  4  for each group (L, M and N); data receivers  8 ,  9  as the data part circuit explained in FIG. 4; and flip-flops (F/Fs)  10 ,  11 . Also in this embodiment, the phase control part  7  is represented in one block as in the prior art of FIG. 4, and has functions of phase detect, charge pump and low-pass filter. Only the two data receivers  8 ,  9  and only the two F/Fs  10 ,  11  are shown. The data receivers  8 ,  9  and the F/Fs  10 ,  11  are naturally provided corresponding to the number of the data input terminals.  
         [0029]    The DLL of this embodiment compensates for the clock delay variation of the CT part  6  by the phase control part  7 , VCDLs  2  to  4 , the slot selector  5 , and the generation means of the select signals S 1 , S 2  as the sensing means to lock the clock (B).  
         [0030]    In this embodiment, the VCDLs  2  to  4  forming the DLL sense the resistance value variation of differential circuits of the VCDLs  2  to  4  and the CT part  6  consisting mainly of the resistance loads to determine the basic number of the VCDLs  2  to  4  corresponding to the resistance value variation upon power-on. The basic number of the VCDLs  2  to  4  to be operated is fixedly held until the power is shut off. After the basic number of the VCDLs  2  to  4  is held for change to the lock operation of the clock (B), performing locking by desired delay time.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 2 is a data and clock waveform chart of FIG. 1. As shown in FIG. 2, as in FIG. 5, the clock (B) delayed in one cycle (800 picoseconds) from the rising of the clock (A) received by the clock receiver  1  is created. The point is a lock point (LP).  
         [0032]    [0032]FIGS. 3A and 3B are diagrams of a select signal generation circuit of FIG. 1 and its voltage and resistance features. As shown in FIG. 3A, the select signal generation circuit is used as the sensing means sensing the variation in load resistance (load resistance of the delay elements  12  in the VCDLs  2  to  4 , load resistance in the CT part  6 , or the resistance element described below). The construction is formed by a resistance element  13  having the same shape as the load resistance; a constant current source  12  supplying a constant current (a constant current not depending on the resistance element  13 ) to the resistance element  13 ; and a Schmidt comparator  14  comparing potential VCONT of the junction of the resistance element  13  and the constant current source  12  with threshold voltages V 1 , V 2  and V 3  (V 3 &gt;V 2 &gt;V 1 ) as reference voltages having different values to output the select signals S 1 , S 2 .  
         [0033]    In such sensing means, when the constant current is supplied to the resistance element  13  having the same shape as the load resistance, the VCONT potential as one end of the input of the Schmidt comparator  14  is varied to the electric potential corresponding to the resistance value of the resistance element  13 .  
         [0034]    When the resistance value is made to be small, as shown in FIG. 3B, the VCONT is positioned between the reference threshold voltages V 1  and V 2  and the delay time of the clock tree part  6  and the VCDLs  2  to  4  indicates a small value. At this time, the select signals S 1 , S 2  are both on and the VCDLs  2  to  4  are all operated to change the clock into the lock state.  
         [0035]    When the resistance value is made in a center region, as shown in FIG. 3B, the VCONT is positioned between the reference threshold voltages V 2  and V 3  and the delay time of the clock tree part  6  and the VCDLs  2  to  4  indicates an almost center value. At this time, only the select signal S 1  is off and the VCDLs  2  and  3  are operated to change the clock into the lock state.  
         [0036]    When the resistance value is made to be large, as shown in FIG. 3B, the VCONT is positioned above the reference threshold potential V 3  and the delay time of the clock tree part  6  and the VCDLs  2  to  4  indicates a large value. At this time, the select signals S 1 , S 2  are both off and only the VCDL  2  is operated to change the clock into the lock state.  
         [0037]    The Schmidt comparator  14  is used in a high-speed differential common mode logic (CML) circuit. The high-resistance polysilicon often used in the high-speed differential CML circuit has a very low temperature dependence. The resistance value of the resistance element once manufactured indicates an almost constant value during operation. In this embodiment, when such a resistance element is used, a Schmidt circuit is provided so as to prevent the value of the potential VCONT from exceeding the threshold voltages V 2 , V 3  due to the influence of noise. In other words, when the power is once turned on and the potential VCONT exceeds the threshold voltage V 3 , the select signals S 1 , S 2  are prevented from being turned on unless the potential VCONT is below the threshold voltage V 1 . As a result, when using the Schmidt comparator  14 , noise margin can be increased.  
         [0038]    As described above, the delay locked loop of the present invention determines, upon power-on, the basic number of the plurality of VCDLs provided depending on the resistance value variation of the resistance loads. When the delay variation width of the VCDL is small, the clock of the clock tree (CT) part can be locked within the variation range. To put it briefly, the resistance value variation of the resistance loads of the VCDLs is sensed, and then, the basic number of the VCDLs is determined corresponding to the variation to lock the clock. Even when the delay variation width of the VCDLs is small, malfunction can be prevented.  
         [0039]    Although the invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments, this description is not meant to be construed in a limiting sense. Various modifications of the disclosed embodiments will become apparent to persons skilled in the art upon reference to the description of the invention. It is therefore contemplated that the appended claims will cover any modifications or embodiments as fall within the true scope of the invention.