Abstract:
A display driver backplane, a display device and a fabrication method thereof are disclosed. The display driver backplane includes: a first semiconductor laminate including pixel driver array consisting of a plurality of pixel driver elements and first peripheral circuit unit; first electrode array formed on second surface of first semiconductor laminate; a second semiconductor laminate containing a second peripheral circuit unit, wherein a first surface of the second semiconductor laminate is bonded to a first surface of first semiconductor laminate; and first vias that are formed within first semiconductor laminate and electrically interconnect first-electrode array and pixel-driver array. The present invention addresses prior-art issues of high difficulty in fabricating transistors with different capabilities in the same layer and costly interconnection between transistors in different chips by employing a technique in which two or three chips are stacked together, and hence achieves significant improvements in device performance and reductions in cost.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the priority of Chinese patent application number 201610420503.3, filed on Jun. 13, 2016, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
       TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to the field of display technology and, in particular, to a display driver backplane with a stack of multiple chips, a display device and a fabrication method. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    A micro display backplane is an active matrix display device integrating an active matrix of light-emitting diodes or spatial light modulation (SLM) pixel elements to an array corresponding to a pixel driver circuit and a peripheral circuit on a single substrate. Common light-emitting diodes and spatial light modulation pixel elements include LED, OLED, liquid crystal display (LCD) and MEMS optical modulators. MEMS optical modulators include digital micro-mirror devices and digital micro shutters. The pixel driver circuit and peripheral circuit are composed of semiconductor transistors, in which common thin film transistors are fabricated on a dielectric substrate such as a glass substrate, or MOS transistors are formed on a semiconductor substrate such as a silicon substrate. 
         [0004]    In order to drive various light-emitting diodes or SLM pixel elements, the underlying pixel driver circuit typically requires MOS transistors adapted for high voltages and/or high currents. However, in the peripheral circuit, those for receiving data and signal or providing control signals usually employ low-voltage, high-speed MOS transistors. In addition, in order to enable a higher display resolution and frame rate, the peripheral circuit usually also requires high-speed, high-capacity on-chip memories as data buffers. 
         [0005]    A system for driving such a micro display backplane needs to integrate sub-circuits that are of various functions and those sub-circuits usually employ a variety of MOS transistors. As a result, forming a system-on-chip architecture for the backplane driver system constructed from multiple sub-circuits composed of various MOS transistors on a single semiconductor substrate, particularly on the same silicon substrate, will not only impose a great challenge on but will also lead to great increases in the cost of the fabrication process, making the process complex or even infeasible. Additionally, integrating circuits of different functions on the same semiconductor substrate will also lead to an increase size and reduced performance, particularly a lower operational speed and higher power consumption, of a chip integrating such a micro display backplane driver system. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    It is an object of the present invention to provide a display driver backplane that can be fabricated simply and has better performance, comprising: 
         [0007]    a first semiconductor laminate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface, wherein the first semiconductor laminate comprises a first semiconductor chip including: a pixel driver array consisting of a plurality of pixel driver elements; and a first peripheral circuit unit for driving the pixel-driver array; 
         [0008]    a first electrode array consisting of a plurality of first electrodes formed on the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate, wherein each of the plurality of first electrodes in the first-electrode array is connected to a corresponding one of the plurality of pixel driver elements in the pixel-driver array through at least one first via, and wherein the first-electrode array is connected to an external pixel display element array; and 
         [0009]    a second semiconductor laminate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface, wherein the second semiconductor laminate comprises a second semiconductor chip including: a second peripheral circuit unit, and wherein the first surface of the second semiconductor laminate is bonded to the first surface of the first semiconductor laminate. 
         [0010]    The present invention also discloses a display device comprising the display driver backplane as defined above. The display device further comprises a display backplane electrically interconnected with the driver backplane, wherein the display backplane comprises a pixel display element array, and wherein the first-electrode array on the first semiconductor laminate of the display driver backplane is electrically interconnected with the pixel display element array of the display backplane. 
         [0011]    The present invention also discloses a method for fabricating the display driver backplane as defined above, comprising the steps of: 
         [0012]    providing a first semiconductor substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface; 
         [0013]    forming the pixel-driver array consisting of the plurality of pixel driver elements and the first peripheral circuit unit on the first semiconductor substrate, resulting in the first semiconductor laminate; 
         [0014]    providing a second semiconductor substrate comprising a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface 
         [0015]    forming the second peripheral circuit on the second semiconductor substrate, resulting in the second semiconductor laminate; 
         [0016]    bonding the first surface of the first semiconductor laminate to the first surface of the second semiconductor laminate; 
         [0017]    polishing the second surface of the first semiconductor substrate to thin the semiconductor laminate; 
         [0018]    forming the plurality of first vias in the first semiconductor laminate; and 
         [0019]    forming a first-electrode array on the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate such that each of the plurality of first vias electrically interconnects a first electrode in the first-electrode array and a pixel driver element in the pixel-driver array. 
         [0020]    Compared to the prior art, the display driver backplane of the present invention employs a technique in which two or three chips are stacked together, enabling placement of transistors with various capabilities in different layers, which are interconnected using a deep via technique, with electrodes disposed on the top layer driving and controlling the display panel. This addresses the prior-art issues of high difficulty in fabricating transistors with different capabilities in the same layer and costly interconnection between transistors in different chips, resulting in significant improvements in device performance and reductions in cost. 
         [0021]    Therefore, in principle, the deficiencies of the aforesaid system-on-chip architecture may be resolved by a solution in which multiple chips are stacked together three-dimensionally, with sub-circuits of different MOS transistors fabricated by different processes being interconnected into a system using the via technology. The present invention just discloses such a solution in which multiple chips are three-dimensionally stacked to foul′ a micro display backplane driver system at low processing cost and high integration. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]      FIG. 1  is a structural schematic of a display driver backplane according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  is a structural schematic of a driver backplane according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  is a structural schematic of a driver backplane according to a third embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  is a structural schematic of a display device according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart illustrating a method for fabricating the display device driver backplane according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0027]      FIGS. 6 to 12  are schematics showing the method for fabricating the display device driver backplane according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0028]    Active visible display devices and driver circuits thereof according to the present invention will be described in greater detail in connection with the schematic drawings. It is to be appreciated that those of skill in the art can make changes to the invention disclosed herein while still obtaining the beneficial results thereof. Therefore, the following description shall be construed as being intended to be understood by those skilled in the art rather than as limiting the invention. Note that the figures are provided in a very simplified form not necessarily presented to scale, with the only intention of facilitating convenience and clarity in explaining some embodiments of the invention. 
         [0029]    First Embodiment of Display Driver Backplane 
         [0030]    Referring to  FIG. 1 , a display driver backplane  10  according to this embodiment includes: a first semiconductor laminate  101  having a first surface  101   a  and a second surface  101   b  opposing the first surface, wherein a first semiconductor chip in the first semiconductor laminate  101  includes a pixel-driver array  110  consisting of a plurality of pixel driver elements and a first peripheral circuit unit  150 ; a first-electrode array  130  on the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate; a second semiconductor laminate  202  having a first surface  202   a  and a second surface  202   b  opposing the first surface, wherein a second semiconductor chip in the second semiconductor laminate  202  includes a second peripheral circuit unit  250 , and the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate is boned to the first surface  101   a  of the first semiconductor laminate; and first vias  121  which are formed within the first semiconductor laminate  101  and electrically interconnect the first-electrode array  130  and the pixel-driver array  110 , specifically, the first-electrode array  130  and electrodes  133  of a pixel driver circuit. The electrodes  133  may act as IO terminals of pixel driver elements in the pixel-driver array  110 . The second peripheral circuit unit  250  includes several transistors adapted for a low voltage and a high speed. Since such transistors require a fabrication process different from that for high-voltage, high-current transistors in the pixel driver elements, they are made in distinct chips. This allows less interference and a simpler fabrication process. 
         [0031]    In this embodiment, in the first chip containing pixel driver elements and a first peripheral circuit, the pixel driver elements contain transistors that are similar to transistors in the first peripheral circuit in terms of performance. For example, these transistors are all adapted for a low voltage and a low current. The first surface  101   a  of the first semiconductor laminate is the surface where the transistors are formed, while the second surface  101   b  is a substrate surface. A second peripheral circuit is formed in the second chip, and the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate is the surface where transistors of the second peripheral circuit are formed, while the second surface  202   b  is a substrate surface. In order to facilitate wafer processing, the substrates are requires to have a certain thickness under their substrate surfaces, for example, a standard thickness of 725 μm for 8-inch wafers and a standard thickness of 775 μm for 12-inch wafers. Successive bonding at the surfaces with transistors formed thereon is advantageous in device thickness reductions and easier subsequent via formation, as well as in that the substrate surfaces serving as support surfaces can be clamped and hence facilitate manipulations. 
         [0032]    In this embodiment, a first interconnect wire  60  and a second via  61  are further included. The first interconnect wire  60  is formed on the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate, and the second via  61  is formed within the first semiconductor laminate  101 , electrically interconnecting the first peripheral circuit unit  150  and the first interconnect wire  60 . 
         [0033]    In this embodiment, a third via  62  is further formed which penetrates through the first semiconductor laminate  101  and terminates within the second semiconductor laminate  202 , thereby electrically interconnecting the first interconnect wire  60  and the second peripheral circuit unit  250 . 
         [0034]    In this embodiment, the substrate surface of the first semiconductor laminate  101  is polished in order to thin the substrate, followed by formation of the second via, the third via and the first interconnect wire on this surface, so that the circuit in the first semiconductor laminate is connected to the circuit in the second semiconductor laminate. This additionally offers the advantages of dispensing with the need for external wiring, significantly reducing the chip area, simplifying the interconnections between the devices, reducing device fabrication cost and remarkably improving the performance. 
         [0035]    In the display driver backplane of the present invention, the transistors with considerably different capabilities are distributed in the chips that are stacked together, resulting in less interference and a simpler fabrication process. 
         [0036]    Second Embodiment of Display Driver Backplane 
         [0037]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a description of features in this embodiment that are the same as those in the first embodiment is omitted here for the sake of simplicity and clarity. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that, in lieu of the second and third vias, a fourth via  63  is included which penetrates through first semiconductor laminate  101  and terminates within the second semiconductor laminate  202 , vertically electrically interconnecting the first peripheral circuit unit  110  and the second peripheral circuit unit  250 . 
         [0038]    In this embodiment, the fourth via  63  vertically connecting the first peripheral circuit in the first semiconductor laminate and the second peripheral circuit in the second semiconductor laminate allows a simpler configuration of the circuits. 
         [0039]    Third Embodiment of Display Driver Backplane 
         [0040]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , a description of features in this embodiment that are the same as those in the first embodiment is omitted here for the sake of simplicity and clarity. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment in further comprising a third semiconductor laminate  301  bonded to the second surface  202   b  of the second semiconductor laminate. The third semiconductor laminate  301  comprises a first surface  301   a  and a second surface  301   b  opposing the first surface. The third semiconductor laminate is bonded to the second surface  202   b  of the second semiconductor laminate at the first surface  301   a . The third semiconductor laminate  301  includes a third chip containing a third peripheral circuit unit  310 . In this embodiment, the third peripheral circuit is a memory cell array. 
         [0041]    In this embodiment, the bonding is performed in a different manner due to the additionally stacked chip. As the second semiconductor laminate and the third semiconductor laminate are bonded first, the second surface of the second semiconductor laminate is the surface where transistors are formed, while the first surface is a substrate surface. 
         [0042]    A fifth via  64  and a second interconnect wire  67  are further included. The second interconnect wire  67  is formed on the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate, and the second interconnect wire is electrically interconnected with the second peripheral circuit in the second semiconductor laminate. The fifth via  64  penetrates through the second semiconductor laminate  202  and terminates within the third semiconductor laminate  301 . The second peripheral circuit unit  250  and the third peripheral circuit unit  310  are electrically interconnected via the second interconnect wire. 
         [0043]    Each of the first semiconductor laminate, the second semiconductor laminate and the third semiconductor laminate is fabricated from silicon or a silicon compound. The memory cell array is an SRAM, a DRAM or a nonvolatile memory cell array. 
         [0044]    First Embodiment of Display Device 
         [0045]    Referring to  FIG. 4 , a display device comprising a display driver backplane as defined above further includes a display backplane  300  electrically interconnected with the driver backplane. The first-electrode array  110  on the first semiconductor laminate  101  of the display driver backplane  10  is electrically interconnected to a pixel display element array in the display backplane in respective correspondence. 
         [0046]    The display backplane includes a light-emitting element array or an optical modulation element array. Specifically, the light-emitting element array may be a light-emitting diode array. The optical modulation element array may be a liquid crystal display element array or an MEMS optical modulation element array. 
         [0047]    The first-electrode array  110  may be interconnected with the pixel display element array of the display backplane in such a manner that the pixel display backplane is located on the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  and that the first electrodes in the first-electrode array  110  are directly interconnected with respective corresponding electrodes of pixel display elements  301 . Alternatively, the pixel display backplane may be disposed aside the first semiconductor laminate and interconnected therewith by leads. 
         [0048]    First Embodiment of Display Driver Backplane Fabrication 
         [0049]      FIG. 5  is a flowchart graphically illustrating a method for fabricating the display device driver backplane according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Referring to  FIG. 5 , the display device driver backplane is a silicon-based backplane of an LED display device, and the method includes the steps of: 
         [0050]    S 10 : providing a first semiconductor substrate; 
         [0051]    S 20 : forming the pixel-driver array consisting of the plurality of pixel driver elements and the first peripheral circuit on a first surface of the first semiconductor substrate; 
         [0052]    S 30 : providing a second semiconductor substrate; 
         [0053]    S 40 : forming the second peripheral circuit on the second semiconductor substrate; 
         [0054]    S 50 : bonding the first surface of the first semiconductor laminate to the first surface of the second semiconductor laminate; 
         [0055]    S 60 : polishing the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate; 
         [0056]    S 70 : forming the first vias in the first semiconductor laminate; and 
         [0057]    S 80 : forming the first-electrode array on the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate such that the first vias electrically interconnect the first-electrode array and the pixel-driver array. 
         [0058]      FIGS. 6 to 10  are schematics showing the method for fabricating the display device driver backplane according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Reference is now made to  FIGS. 6 to 10  for a detailed description of this first embodiment. 
         [0059]    In step S 10 , with reference to  FIG. 6 , the first semiconductor substrate  100  is provided. The first semiconductor substrate  100  may be a monocrystalline silicon substrate. 
         [0060]    In step  20 , with continued reference to  FIG. 6 , the pixel-driver array  110  of a pixel driver circuit and the first peripheral circuit  150  are formed on the first surface of the semiconductor substrate, resulting in the first semiconductor laminate  101 . As such, the pixel-driver array  110  of the pixel driver circuit and the first peripheral circuit  150  are formed on the first surface  101   a  of the first semiconductor laminate  101 , while the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate is a substrate surface. The first semiconductor substrate  100  may be a relatively thick substrate, and the semiconductor laminate may be formed using an existing semiconductor process involving the formation of circuits of MOS transistors. A detailed description of the process is omitted herein. The pixel-driver array of the pixel driver circuit is configured to drive a display panel such as an LED, OLED, liquid crystal display (LCD) panel or a panel of MEMS optical modulators. The MEMS optical modulators may include digital micro-mirror devices and digital switch devices. Therefore, the pixel-driver array  110  of the pixel driver circuit may consist of MOS transistors adapted for a high voltage and a high current. The pixel-driver array may correspond to a pixel display element array such as a light-emitting diode array, wherein pixel driver elements correspond to and drive respective light-emitting diodes. The first peripheral circuit is a circuit configured to receive data and signals or to provide control signals. In this embodiment, a peripheral circuit adapted for a high voltage or a high current may be configured in the first semiconductor laminate, i.e., the same layer as the pixel driver circuit, because they are both made up of high-voltage or high-current transistors and allow easier integration. 
         [0061]    In step S 30 , referring to  FIG. 7 , a second semiconductor substrate  200  is provided. The second semiconductor substrate  200  may be monocrystalline silicon. 
         [0062]    In step S 40 , with continued reference to  FIG. 7 , the second peripheral circuit  250  is formed on the second semiconductor substrate, resulting in the second semiconductor laminate  202 . This can be done using an existing semiconductor process involving the formation of circuits of MOS transistors, and a detailed description of the process is omitted herein. The second peripheral circuit  250  may be a circuit configured to receive data and signals or to provide control signals, and may be composed of transistors adapted for a low voltage and a high speed. In addition, as the first semiconductor laminate  101  and the second semiconductor laminate  202  are formed in separate layers using different semiconductor processes, they do not interfere with or affect each other. In this embodiment, preferably, the second peripheral circuit is formed on the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate  202 , while the second surface  202   b  of the second semiconductor laminate is a substrate surface beneath which there is a rather large thickness of the semiconductor substrate. 
         [0063]    In step S 50 , referring to  FIGS. 8-9 , the first surface  101   a  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  is bonded to the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate  202 . The bonding may be accomplished by forming an intermediate dielectric layer such as a silicon dioxide layer on one of the surfaces to be bonded together and then fusing the dielectric layer by heating it. As a result, the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  and the second surface  202   b  of the second semiconductor laminate  202  are exposed in air, each of which is supported by a rather large thickness of the semiconductor substrate. 
         [0064]    In step S 60 , referring to  FIG. 10 , the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  is polished. As the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  is supported by the substrate, the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  is polished beneath the support thereof so as to thin the semiconductor substrate to a thickness suitable for etching the vias to expose the circuit. For example, the thickness of the semiconductor substrate may be reduced by 625 μm to 925 μm, so that the thickness is reduced to 5 nm to 10 μm, without causing damage to the devices. 
         [0065]    In step S 70 , with reference to  FIGS. 11 ˜ 12 , the first vias  121  are formed in the first semiconductor laminate  101 . 
         [0066]    In this preferred embodiment, a dielectric layer  160  is first formed on the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101 , and the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  is etched with the dielectric layer  160  serving as a protective layer, so that holes exposing the electrodes  133  of the pixel driver circuit are formed in the first semiconductor laminate  101 . Subsequently, a metal is filled into the holes to form the first vias  121  and the dielectric layer  160  is removed. 
         [0067]    In step S 70 , with reference to  FIGS. 11 ˜ 12 , the first vias  121  are formed in the first semiconductor laminate  101 . 
         [0068]    In this embodiment, the step preferably further includes: 
         [0069]    forming a second via  61  in the first semiconductor laminate  101 . This step may be performed simultaneously with the step of forming the first vias  121 . In the same etching step, holes for the first vias  121  and the second via  61  may be simultaneously formed according to adjustment of etching time, followed by deposition of the same metal in the holes in the same deposition step and hence simultaneous formation of the first vias  121  and the second via  61 . 
         [0070]    Preferably, in this step, a third via  62  is further formed in the same process as the first vias  121  and the second via  61  and penetrates through the first semiconductor laminate  101  and terminates within the second semiconductor laminate  202 , thereby electrically interconnecting the first interconnect wire  60  to be formed and second peripheral circuit unit  150 . 
         [0071]    The first interconnect wire  60  is then formed in the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101 . This step can be carried out in such a manner that a mask layer is first formed and a metal layer is then deposited, thereby forming the first interconnect wire  60 . The second via  61  electrically interconnects the first peripheral circuit unit  150  and the first interconnect wire  60 . In this embodiment, this step is performed concurrently with step S 80 . 
         [0072]    In step S 80 , the first-electrode array  130  is formed in the area of the first surface  101   a  of the first semiconductor laminate  101  where the first vias  121  are formed, such that the array of first vias  121  electrically interconnect the first-electrode array  130  and the pixel-driver array  110 . Specifically, the first vias interconnect the first electrodes with the respective corresponding pixel driver elements. 
         [0073]    Preferably, this step further includes the formation of the first interconnect wire  60 . 
         [0074]    Second Embodiment of Display Driver Backplane Fabrication Method 
         [0075]    Similar to the fabrication method of the display driver backplane of the first embodiment, a method according to this embodiment also includes the steps of: 
         [0076]    S 10 : providing a first semiconductor substrate; 
         [0077]    S 20 : forming the pixel-driver array consisting of the plurality of pixel driver elements and the first peripheral circuit on a first surface of the first semiconductor substrate; 
         [0078]    S 30 : providing a second semiconductor substrate; 
         [0079]    S 40 : forming the second peripheral circuit on the second semiconductor substrate; 
         [0080]    S 50 : bonding the first surface of the first semiconductor laminate to the first surface of the second semiconductor laminate; 
         [0081]    S 60 : polishing the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate; 
         [0082]    S 70 : forming the first vias in the first semiconductor laminate; and 
         [0083]    S 80 : forming the first-electrode array on the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate such that the first vias electrically interconnect the first-electrode array and the pixel-driver array. 
         [0084]    Their difference lies in that: 
         [0085]    referring to  FIG. 2 , further including the step of: forming a fourth via  63  that penetrates through first semiconductor laminate  101  and terminates within the second semiconductor laminate  202 , thereby vertically electrically interconnecting the first peripheral circuit unit  150  and the second peripheral circuit unit  250 . 
         [0086]    Specifically, in S 70 , the first semiconductor laminate  101  is etched concurrently with the formation of the first vias, exposing the first peripheral circuit  150  in the first semiconductor laminate  101 . The etching continues until the first semiconductor laminate  101  is penetrated and ends within the second semiconductor laminate  202 , so that a hole exposing the second peripheral circuit  250  in the second semiconductor laminate  202  is formed. After that, a metal is filled into the holes formed by the etching so that the first peripheral circuit  150  is electrically interconnected with the second peripheral circuit  250 . Lastly, the first interconnect wire  60  in communication with the fourth via  63  is formed in the second surface  101   b  of the first semiconductor laminate  101 . Reference can be made to the above embodiment for details in the formation of the first interconnect wire and a repeated description thereof is omitted. 
         [0087]    Third Embodiment of Display Driver Backplane Fabrication Method 
         [0088]    Similar to the fabrication method of the first embodiment, a method according to this embodiment also includes the steps of: 
         [0089]    S 10 : providing a first semiconductor substrate; 
         [0090]    S 20 : forming the pixel-driver array consisting of the plurality of pixel driver elements and the first peripheral circuit on a first surface of the first semiconductor substrate; 
         [0091]    S 30 : providing a second semiconductor substrate; and 
         [0092]    S 40 : forming the second peripheral circuit on the second semiconductor substrate. 
         [0093]    In this embodiment, the second peripheral circuit is formed in the second surface  202   b  of the second semiconductor laminate  202 , while the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate is a substrate surface beneath which there is a rather large thickness of the semiconductor substrate. 
         [0094]    Referring to  FIG. 3 , are further included, after these steps, the steps of: 
         [0095]    providing a third semiconductor substrate  30  having a first surface and a second surface opposing the first surface; 
         [0096]    forming the third peripheral circuit  310  on the first surface of the third semiconductor substrate  30 , resulting in the third semiconductor laminate  301 ; 
         [0097]    bonding the first surface  301   a  of the third semiconductor laminate  301  to the second surface  202   b  of the second semiconductor laminate  202 ; 
         [0098]    polishing the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate  202  to thin the semiconductor substrate; and 
         [0099]    forming the fifth via  64  which penetrates through the second semiconductor laminate  202  and connects the third peripheral circuit. Reference can be made to the passages describing the formation of the second via in the above embodiment for information about the formation of the fifth via, and a description thereof is omitted. 
         [0100]    The second interconnect wire  67  is then formed in the area of the first surface  202   a  of the second semiconductor laminate  202  where the fifth via  64  is formed. The fifth via  64  electrically interconnects the third peripheral circuit  310  and the second interconnect wire  67 . Reference can be made to the passages describing the formation of the first-electrode array in the above embodiment for information about the formation of the second interconnect wire  67 , and a description thereof is omitted. 
         [0101]    S 50 : bonding the first surface of the first semiconductor laminate to the first surface of the second semiconductor laminate; 
         [0102]    S 60 : polishing the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate; 
         [0103]    S 70 : forming the first vias in the first semiconductor laminate; and 
         [0104]    S 80 : forming the first-electrode array on the second surface of the first semiconductor laminate such that the first vias electrically interconnect the first-electrode array and the pixel-driver array. 
         [0105]    It is apparent that those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Accordingly, the present invention is intended to embrace such changes and modifications if they fall within the scope of the appended claims and the equivalents thereof.