Abstract:
Processes and apparatuses for partly disassembling tape cassettes having at least one closure flap comprise separating the closure flap from the cassette or from the cassette housing at an early time, before, during or shortly after the opening of the cassette. Several process methods and examples of apparatus are specified. The separating methods and apparatuses can be expediently used for all tape cassettes with one or more closure flaps, it being possible for these to be any type of audio, video and data cassettes.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates to processes and apparatuses for disassembling tape cassettes having a housing and at least one closure flap connected thereto and at least one tape reel located in the housing, the tape cassette being transported past disassembly stations.  
         DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART  
         [0002]    DE-A 42 21 340 discloses an apparatus for the automatic dismantling of cassettes. In this case, the cassette housing is dismantled by elements which are arranged on rollers or belts, can be moved in opposite directions and penetrate partially into the cassette. The internal parts still attached to some extent are subsequently separated from the housing by means of separating devices.  
           [0003]    EP-A 0 577 008 describes a cassette which was designed for particularly simple recycling, since all the component parts of the cassette with the exception of the magnetic tape and the front flap spring are produced from the same plastic material. For the disassembly of internal parts, the cassette has a plurality of openings. It is thus possible, for example, to remove the tape retaining clips from outside and consequently to remove the magnetic tape without dismantling the housing. Another opening makes it possible for the front flap spring, which is freed after removal of the front flap, to fall out of the cassette housing.  
           [0004]    The applicant&#39;s EP-A 0 639 406 discloses a process and apparatuses for recycling magnetic tape cassettes, in particular video cassettes. Material identification devices control the recycling process according to the particular material. In the case of this process, however, the video cassettes are conveyed over relatively long distances to disassembly stations before the cassettes are dismantled into their individual parts. Since, in this case, the closure flap remains connected to the cassette housing, difficulties may occur on the transporting route and during further disassembly.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    It is an object of the present invention to avoid such difficulties.  
           [0006]    We have found that this object is achieved by a process for disassembling tape cassettes having a housing and at least one closure flap connected thereto and at least one tape reel located in the housing, the tape cassette being transported past disassembly stations, if before or during or shortly after the opening of the housing a separation of the closure flap(s) from the housing takes place at the corresponding disassembly station.  
           [0007]    In this case, the closure flap may be removed in a suitable way, still to be described, before the opening of the housing, in other words while the housing is still closed, during the opening of the housing, in other words at substantially the same time as the removal of the connecting elements while the housing is still closed, or at substantially the same time as the separation of the housing, for example into the bottom and top parts, or shortly after the opening of the housing, in other words when the housing parts, that is for example the bottom and top parts, have already been separated.  
           [0008]    It is thereby ensured that  
           [0009]    1. the closure flap cannot unintentionally become detached on the further transporting route of the cassette to be disassembled and, as a result, hinder or block automated disassembly operations, and  
           [0010]    2. the closure flap is removed from the longitudinal side of the housing, where, as long as it is present, it blocks the entry of, for example, gripping elements of the disassembly stations,  
           [0011]    3. if the closure flap consists of a different plastic than the housing, an early material separation can take place.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    [0012]FIG. 1 perspectively shows a commercially avail able VHS video cassette.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 2 shows a plan view from above of the top part of the housing of the cassette according to FIG. 1.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIGS. 2A, 2B show an elevation of the transverse sides of the housing.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the bottom part of the housing from below.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 4 shows a plan view according to FIG. 2 with separating devices.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 4A shows an elevation of the front longitudinal side of the cassette lying on the top part.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 5 shows a plan view of the bottom part according to FIG. 3 with arrows to represent the separating operations.  
         [0019]    FIGS.  6 A- 6 C show a conveying device with disassembly stations, the flap separating station being arranged before, inside or after the opening station.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0020]    In a practical embodiment of the process, a separation of the closure flap(s) may be performed by knocking off or cutting off at least one corner of the housing at which one end of the closure flap is arranged, with the result of producing a free end of the closure flap.  
         [0021]    As a further step in the separating operation, the free end of the closure flap may be pivoted in one direction, with the result that the other end of the closure flap is separated from the housing.  
         [0022]    For tape cassettes with at least one closure flap which is arranged on a longitudinal side of the tape cassette and reaches around the transverse sides of the cassette by means of side parts with fastening lugs on them, the separation of the closure flap(s) may take place by reaching between a side part of the closure flap and the adjoining transverse side of the housing and by bending out from the housing the fastening lug on the side part, thereby producing a free end of the closure flap.  
         [0023]    In this way, the flexibility of the side parts is advantageously used for separation. A variant of this is to reach between each of the two side parts of the closure flap and each of the adjoining transverse sides of the housing and destroy the fastening lugs.  
         [0024]    In a further embodiment of the process, the tape cassette having a housing comprising a bottom part and a top part and having openings adjoining the closure flap in at least one of the bottom and top parts, the separation of the closure flap(s) may take place by means of pressure on the closure flap through at least one of the openings.  
         [0025]    It is also advantageous if the free end of the closure flap(s) is swiveled substantially in the plane of the housing. The pivoting angle may in this case be up to about 60°. As a result, a fastening lug of the closure flap can be turned out of its housing wall opening for the separation of the closure flap.  
         [0026]    An advantageous apparatus for disassembling tape cassettes having a housing and at least one closure flap connected thereto and at least one tape reel located in the housing, the tape cassette being moved past disassembly stations by means of a transporting device, is created according to the invention if there is provided an opening device for the housing and at least one device for separating the closure flap from the closed or open housing, arranged in front of or parallel to or directly behind said opening device, seen in the transporting direction. As a result, the advantages described according to the invention are obtained.  
         [0027]    A further expedient embodiment of the apparatus for a tape cassette in which the closure flap is connected to the housing by means of fastening lugs at each end is provided by the separating device comprising a cutting device and a swiveling mechanism, of which the cutting device separates one of the fastening lugs from the housing or destroys it, with the result of producing a free end of the closure flap, and the swiveling mechanism pivots the free end of the closure flap in one direction, with the result that the other fastening lug is separated from the housing or destroyed.  
         [0028]    Alternatively, the separating device may also comprise a pressure-exerting device, whereby the closure flap is removed from the housing.  
         [0029]    Exemplary embodiments now are represented and explained by means of apparatuses as shown in the drawings.  
         [0030]    The video cassette  5  comprises a housing  6  which is made up of the bottom part  7  and the top part  8  connected, for example, by screw connections  9  (see FIG. 3), and a closure flap  10 , which is mounted such that it can swivel in the direction of the arrow A on the housing  6 , in particular on the transverse sides  11 A and  11 B. The tape reels  12  and  13  can be seen through the windows in the top part  8  (FIG. 1), the one tape reel  12  being wound with tape  14  and the other tape reel  13  being empty. The closure flap  10  is provided with side parts  10 A and  10 B.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIGS. 2 and 4 show the upper side of the video cassette and FIGS. 3 and 5 show its underside, in each case diagrammatically without visible reels and tape.  
         [0032]    In the elevation drawings  2 A,  2 B of the transverse sides  11 B and  11 A, respectively, the side parts  10 B and  10 A of the closure flap  10  can be seen in plan view.  
         [0033]    If in FIG. 2 or  3 , the cut A, for example, is made by means of a suitable hitting or cutting device, for example a guillotine device, and the upper right-hand cassette corner E 1  is detached, at the same time the connection of the closure flap  10  to the housing  6 , here the transverse side  11 B, is broken, since the fastening lug  15 A—and also the closing spring  16 —are detached, see the dashed-line part E 1  of the already pivoted closure flap  10 ′.  
         [0034]    The pivoting of the closure flap  10  in the position  10 ′ takes place by means of a pivotably mounted, suitable gripping device  17 , which, when suitably actuated, grips the front side  19  of the closure flap  10 , for example in the cutout  18  of the bottom part  7 , and pivots said front side in the direction of the arrow R. Either the fastening lug  21  on the other side part  10 A of the closure flap  10 ′ breaks off, or the fastening lug  15 B disengages from the transverse side  11 A of the housing  6  during the simultaneous displacement of the closure flap  10 ′ in direction G. In both cases, the closure flap can be passed on for plastics recycling. The spring  16  can be removed, with the result that the corner part E 1  can be transported to the plastics recycling. The described pivoting of the closure flap may also take place at the other corner and in the other pivoting direction with the same advantages.  
         [0035]    As indicated by the second dashed line, it is also possible in FIG. 2 to make a second cut B and thus also detach the left-hand cassette corner E 2 .  
         [0036]    In this case, the gripper  17  needs only to dispose of the central part of the closure flap  10  without corner parts E 1  and E 2 . In the bottom corner part E 1 , which is produced when the corner cut is made, there may also be a locking spring (not shown), which can be removed together with the closing spring  16 , for example by means of a grinding device for the bottom and flap corner parts E 1 , and can be separated from the plastic material by means of a magnetic device (not shown), with the result that the remaining parts can again be taken for plastics recycling.  
         [0037]    In FIGS. 4A and 4 it is diagrammatically represented, arrows S, that the side parts  10 A,  10 B of the closure flap  10  can be detached by cutting tools C 1  and C 2 . In this case, the fastening lugs  15 A and B indicated in FIG. 5 are destroyed in particular, and the closure flap  10  is pulled off by means of the gripping elements  17  or equivalent devices and sent to the plastics recycling.  
         [0038]    This separating operation, which may take place at both locations, arrows S 1  (top part  8 ) or arrows S 2  (bottom part  7 ) at the same time or else one after the other, has the effect that the closing spring  16  with the lug  15 A is separated from the closure flap  10 . The locking spring, which may be provided in the bottom corner part E 1 , should then expediently be separated.  
         [0039]    In FIG. 4A it is once again indicated at which locations S 1  on the upper side (top part  8 ) and S 2  on the underside (bottom part  7 ) the cutting tools C 1  and C 2  can reach between side parts  10 A,  10 B and the transverse side  11 A or  11 B, respectively.  
         [0040]    Suitable as cutting tools C 1 , C 2  are wedge blades and knife blades or sawing elements.  
         [0041]    A further possibility for separating the closure flap  10  is represented in FIG. 5 and partially also in FIG. 4A. In this case, the closure flap  10  is to be pressed outwardly from inside by means of at least one pressure-exerting device and thereby separated from the housing  6 .  
         [0042]    Represented as pressure-exerting devices are pressure-exerting elements  20 A to  20 D, which in FIG. 5 enter obliquely from above into the cutouts  21 - 24  and keep pressing against the front wall  19  of the closure flap  10  until the fastening lugs  15 A and  15 B break or at least loosen.  
         [0043]    Less than 4 pressure-exerting devices  20 A to  20 D may also be used. The pressure applied should be about 40 N in the case of 4 pressure-exerting devices.  
         [0044]    Represented in FIG. 4A is the case in which a pressure-exerting device  20 E acts, for example through the cutout  21 , substantially perpendicularly, on the front side  19  of the closure flap  10  and accomplishes a breaking out of said flap.  
         [0045]    A number of the pressure-exerting devices  20 A- 20 E may well be combined, with the result that a great disassembling effect can be achieved with little technical outlay. The disassembled complete or partial closure flaps are transported by means of grippers, as described above, or directly into suitable containers for plastics recycling.  
         [0046]    Diagrammatically represented as force-generating devices for the gripping devices  17  and the pressure-exerting devices  20 A- 20 E are cylinders P, which are connected by dashed lines of action to the operational units  12 ,  20 A- 20 E. The cylinders P are intended to represent hydraulic, pneumatic or electromagnetic force generators.  
         [0047]    FIGS.  6 A- 6 C each show a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of the opening and separating station(s) on a disassembly line for tape cassettes according to the present invention.  
         [0048]    In FIGS.  6 A- 6 C, the tape cassettes  5  are in each case placed onto the conveyor belt  21 , which transports them further in direction P. The stations are arranged differently in FIGS.  6 A- 6 C.  
         [0049]    In FIG. 6A, the cassette  5  which is conveyed to the flap-separating station  22 , in which the closure flap  10  is separated from the housing  6  by one of the processes described above and by means of the devices described, is still closed. Before reaching the opening station  25 , the flap  10  falls into a container  23 —possibly by means of a separating device not shown—for plastic to be recycled. The opening station  25  opens the housing  6  and dismantles it into bottom and top parts  7  and  8  with the tape reel or reels  12  and  13 , respectively.  
         [0050]    In FIG. 6B, the closed cassettes  5  are sent directly to a station  26 , in which there is both an opening device and a flap separating device. After the station  26 , the bottom and top parts  7  and  8  and the closure flap  10  can be seen as individual parts on the belt  21  and, as in FIG. 6A, the flap  10  falls into the plastics recycling container  23 . In this example, the flap  10  may thus be separated substantially during the opening of the cassette.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 6C finally shows the separation of the flap  10  in a flap separating station  27 , in which the cassette already separated in the opening station  25  into the top part  8 , which is still connected to the flap  10 , and the bottom part  7  is opened.  
         [0052]    [0052]FIG. 6C finally shows the opening station  25 , in which the top part  8 ′, which is still connected to the flap  10 , and the bottom part  7  are separated from each other, in other words the cassette  5  is opened, and a flap separating station  27  arranged directly thereafter, in which the flap  10  is separated from the top part  8  and is then disposed of, as in FIG. 6B, into the recycling container  23 .  
         [0053]    The top parts and bottom parts  8  and  7  still on the conveyor belt  21  in each of the cases, FIGS.  6 A- 6 C, are further conveyed in direction P, where the remaining disassembly operations, which are no longer described or shown, take place without the closure flap being able to cause any disruptions or damage.  
         [0054]    To be understood as the “closure flap” for the purposes of the invention are, for example, also sliding closures, such as are used for example on diskettes or DCC cassettes.