Abstract:
A rain gutter cover comprising an elongate cover member adapted to be situated over an open trough of a rain gutter. The cover member has a first cover portion integrally extending into a second water directing portion following a rounded nose portion. An outer surface of the elongate cover member is adapted to substantially cause water passing thereover to adhere to its surface even under light rainfall conditions. The first portion includes ribs forming multiple channels configured to converge water on the first portion and facilitate initial water adherence to the nose area and to the surface of the second portion.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 11/906,709, filed Oct. 3, 2007, which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to rain gutter covers. More particularly, the present invention relates to a rain gutter cover constructed to deflect leaves or other debris away from a rain gutter while directing rain water into the rain gutter. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Rain gutters are constructed to collect water and are installed at the edge (periphery) of the roof of most residential structures in order to direct the water away from the building and its immediate surroundings. A problem of such rain gutters is that they also collect leaves, pine straw, and other debris, which can clog the rain gutter or otherwise prevent the gutter from performing its intended functions. As a result, the rain gutter performs ineffectively or, in some situations, not at all. At that point, the rain gutter must be cleared of debris. 
     In order to prevent debris from entering the gutters and to eliminate the need to clear the gutters, various rain gutter covers have been provided. Such covers are installed above the open trough of the gutter. They are designed to prevent debris from entering the gutters while allowing water to flow into the gutter&#39;s trough. 
     Covers offered in the past utilize “surface tension” to direct water around a rounded nose portion of the cover into the gutter&#39;s trough, while debris is deflected overboard to the ground. Surface tension is the linking exhibited by water molecules that are attracted to one another by intermolecular forces. As a result, rain water collects due to surface tension and is drawn around the cover&#39;s nose into the gutter&#39;s trough. Examples of such gutter covers may be seen in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,796,390, 4,497,146, and 4,404,775, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. 
     “Wettability” is a cover&#39;s ability to cause water on the cover to film or “sheet,” flowing in a manner resembling a uniform sheet of water. Wettability enhances the utility of surface tension so that water spreads out into a uniform sheet or film and is drawn around the cover&#39;s nose portion and into the gutter. Accordingly, covers have attempted to maximize wettability and surface tension properties so that rain flows into gutters in an improved manner. 
     Water adheres to a surface traversing its contour when the amount of rain water flowing is sufficient to maintain an unbroken (steady) stream. Only after an initial period of rain fall and only when rainfall rate is significant does there develop a sufficient film of water on the cover&#39;s surface to sustain continuous flow. As a result, effective gutter covers of the prior art have tended to have nose portions with a larger radius. The larger, more gentle turn generally requires a lower volume of water to achieve suitable wettability and flow than is the case with smaller radii. 
     While gutter covers having larger diameter nose portions may perform well, they pose certain objectionable considerations. For example, the gutter itself sometimes must be moved downward on the fascia of the house in order to allow sufficient space for the cover to be located between the gutter and the roof. In addition, the cover&#39;s upstream edge must generally be placed under the second or third course of shingles. Requiring relocation of the rain gutter is costly, while requiring placement higher on the roof than the first course of shingles may be aesthetically objectionable. 
     In addition, the color of large radius gutter covers generally needs to be matched with that of the roof shingles, thus requiring the provider to maintain a large inventory of different colors. Often, particularly where the roof pitch is shallow, the cover is installed on top of the second course of shingles using a butyl seal strip. While the seal-strip is effective in service, it can be difficult to remove and replace when or if the roof is reshingled. In addition, installation of those covers on other type of roofs, such as shake, tile, or slate, can be difficult or impossible. 
     In view of these considerations, attempts have been made to provide gutter covers with small radius nose portions. Because of the small radius, however, initial wetting of the lower water directing portion of the cover is more difficult to achieve. For example, at the initiation of rainfall and when the quantity of falling water is minimal, water may tend to accumulate in beads at the cover&#39;s nose. This water may then drip onto the gutter and run down its face instead of collecting into sheets and being drawn into the gutter as desired. Water dripping down the gutter&#39;s face (instead of into the trough) may cause what is known as “tiger striping.” Water dripping down the gutter&#39;s face may also carry dirt and debris with it, a portion of which is deposited on the gutter&#39;s face. These undesired results can cause unsightly stains to appear on the face of the gutter. 
     An equally vexing problem associated with the dripping that occurs in minimal rainfall conditions is the tendency for icicles to form in cold weather. Gathering ice is undesirable in that it may seal off the slot through which water from the cover enters the gutter. Moreover, icicles over entrance ways create a danger to people standing or passing below them. 
     In most situations, as rain water accumulates on the roof of a structure, it begins to flow toward gutters at increasing rates. In order for a rain gutter cover to be able to direct rain water into a rain gutter, it must be constructed in a manner that is capable of handling these increasing rates. Otherwise, the rain water flowing over the cover will fail to adhere to the nose contour and will be jettisoned overboard to the ground. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention recognizes and addresses the foregoing considerations, and problems encountered with covers of prior art constructions and methods. In this regard, one aspect of the invention provides a rain gutter cover comprising an elongate cover member adapted to be situated over an open trough of a rain gutter. The cover member has a first cover portion integrally extending into a second water directing portion following a rounded nose portion. An outer surface of the elongate cover member is configured such that water passing thereover will adhere to the cover surface under all rain conditions and not drip. The first portion includes multiple channels configured to converge water and facilitate initial wetting of the second portion. 
     According to another aspect, the present invention also provides a rain gutter cover comprising an elongate cover member adapted to be situated over an open trough of a rain gutter. The cover member has a first portion integrally extending into a second water directing portion following a rounded nose portion. The second water directing portion is terminated above the open trough of the rain gutter when the cover member is mounted thereover. The nose portion defines a plurality of indentations each between a respective pair of adjacent protrusions. 
     A further aspect of the present invention provides a rain gutter cover comprising an elongate cover member adapted to be situated over an open trough of a rain gutter. The cover member has a first portion integrally extending into a second water directing portion following a rounded nose portion. The second water directing portion is terminated above the open trough of the rain gutter when the cover member is mounted thereover. The first portion defines a plurality of spaced apart first channels, which are substantially parallel and extend in a flow direction. The second portion defines a plurality of spaced apart second channels, which are substantially parallel, extend in the flow direction, and are aligned with respective first channels in the flow direction. The nose portion contains a plurality of indentations between a respective pair of adjacent protrusions. The indentations are aligned with channels in the first portion and receive water delivered to them from those channels. Channels are configured to converge water, creating sufficient flow volume to facilitate traversing the nose and filming on the second portion, thus eliminating incipient dripping. 
     Another aspect of the present invention provides a rain gutter cover comprising an elongate cover member adapted to be situated over an open trough of a rain gutter. The cover member has a first portion integrally extending into a second water directing portion following a rounded nose portion. The second water directing portion is configured to terminate above the open trough of the rain gutter when the cover member is mounted thereover. In accordance with this aspect of the invention, the first portion defines a plurality of spaced apart vertical ribs configured to define a first spacing at an upstream location and a second spacing at a downstream location between adjacent vertical ribs. The first spacing is greater than the second spacing. As a result, the vertical ribs function to gather and converge water flow on the first portion and thereby facilitate initial water adherence around the rounded nose portion on the second portion. 
     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof directed to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes reference to the appended drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a rain gutter cover attached to the roof of a structure in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2A  is a cross-sectional perspective view of the rain gutter cover of  FIG. 1  attached to the roof of a structure; 
         FIG. 2B  is a cross-sectional fragmentary view of a portion of the rain gutter cover shown in  FIG. 2A  but showing an exemplary bracket for supporting the cover; 
         FIG. 3  is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the rain gutter cover of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view along line  4 - 4  of  FIG. 2A ; 
         FIG. 5  is a fragmentary perspective view showing the underside of a rain gutter cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6A  is a fragmentary perspective view of a rain gutter cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 6B  is a cross-sectional fragmentary view of the rain gutter cover of  FIG. 6A ; 
         FIG. 7  is a fragmentary perspective view of a rain gutter cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8  is a fragmentary perspective view of a rain gutter cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 9  is a fragmentary perspective view of a rain gutter cover in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is an enlarged fragmentary top view of the rain gutter cover of  FIG. 9 ; and 
         FIG. 11  is a cross-sectional side view of the rain gutter cover of  FIG. 10 . 
     
    
    
     Repeat use of reference characters in the present specification and drawings is intended to represent same or analogous features or elements of the invention. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to presently preferred embodiments of the invention, one or more examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Each example is provided by way of explanation of the invention, not limitation of the invention. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the scope or spirit thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of one embodiment may be used on another embodiment to yield a still further embodiment. Thus, it is intended that the present invention covers such modifications and variations as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents. 
       FIGS. 1 and 2A  illustrate a rain gutter cover  10  constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the invention. Rain gutter cover  10  includes an elongate cover member  12  comprising a first portion  14  integrally extending into a second portion  16  about a rounded nose portion  18 . A part of first portion  14  is attached to a roof  20  under a first course of shingles  22  so as to affix cover  10  to structure  24 . Typically, such “attachment” is achieved by inserting the part of first portion  14  under the first course of shingles. The gutter cover is maintained in place by brackets. 
     As shown most clearly in  FIG. 2A , cover  10  is located above an open portion  28  of a trough  30  of a rain gutter  32 . The outermost edge of rounded nose portion  18  preferably extends beyond the outside edge (the “bead”)  34  of rain gutter  32 . The radius of rounded nose portion  18  is preferably small enough to allow cover  10  to be installed under first course  22  of the roof&#39;s shingles to provide an adequate drainage pitch without the need to lower or otherwise relocate rain gutter  32 . A radius within the range of an eighth of an inch (⅛″ or 0.125″) to three sixteenths of an inch ( 3/16″ or 0.1875″) should provide cover  10  with such a “low profile” configuration. Cover  10  may be constructed of sheet metal, plastic such as polyvinyl chloride (“PVC”), or any other suitable water resistant and/or non-absorptive material.  FIG. 2B  illustrates an exemplary bracket  17  that may be used to mount cover  10  in relation to gutter  32 . Typically, a number of such brackets are located at the ends of cover panels and sometimes at places in between along gutter cover  10 . 
     Placement under the first course of shingles has a number of advantages. For example, cover  10  will be less noticeable than many larger radius designs. This will obviate the need for matching the color of the cover with that of the roof shingles (which requires a larger inventory of an array of colors). Instead, the cover can be matched to the color of the gutter (which are supplied in relatively few colors). Moreover, the smaller overall size of the cover uses less material than many prior art configurations, thus saving on material costs. In addition, the need to nail through shingles or to use a seal strip for attachment to the shingles is eliminated. Attachment under the first course of shingles also simplifies installation on houses with less-commonly encountered types of roofs, such as shake, tile, and slate. 
     As noted above, previous attempts to provide a small radius gutter cover have encountered certain problems in light rain, or at the commencement of rain, in achieving initial wetting of the cover&#39;s lower portion. 
     Referring now also to  FIG. 3 , rain gutter cover  10  overcomes these problems by including a number of substantially parallel channels  36  defined in first portion  14  and extending in a flow direction as denoted by arrow  37 . Preferably, channels  36  will begin immediately downstream of the part  38  of first portion  14  that is inserted under the first course of shingles (or, immediately downstream of the horizontal rib(s) in such embodiments). Typically, part  38  will be delimited by a bend line  39  at which the slope of the first portion changes to approximate that of the roof. As shown in  FIG. 4 , channels  36  are defined by a number of valleys  40  between respective pairs of peaks  42 . Channels  36  and thus valleys  40  may increase in depth in the direction of arrow  37 . Channels may be formed alternatively by pressing valleys from topside down or creating berms (protrusions) by pressing from underside up. 
     In operation and in reference to  FIGS. 1-4 , rain coming in contact with roof  20  begins to run down the roof toward cover  10 . Rain then flows off roof  20  and onto first portion  14  of cover  10 . When the rain begins to run over the part of first portion  14  defining channels  36  and peaks  42 , peaks  42  help guide the rain into valleys  40  of channels  36 . Thus, channels  36  help to converge any rain water running over the first portion  14  of cover  10 . Of course, some of the rain will fall directly on the gutter cover. The illustrated configuration increases the volume of water at these locations, causing the water to flow in streams around nose portion  18  to second portion  16 . This facilitates initial wetting of second portion  16 , causing cover  10  to begin functioning sooner and in light rain. After the water has rounded nose portion  18  onto second portion  16 , it flows into open trough  30  of rain gutter  32 . Coatings, including suitable paint, may be applied to the entire surface of cover  10  in order to induce the flowing water to form a film so as to enhance the cover&#39;s wettability. Because the outermost edge of nose portion  18  extends beyond edge  34  of rain gutter  32 , debris falls overboard to the ground and does not enter the gutter. 
     As a result of this arrangement, the occurrence of “tiger striping,” as well as other effects caused when water drips from nose portion  18  onto the front surface of the gutter, is eliminated. In addition, it reduces the tendency for icicles to form and their attendant disadvantages to occur. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates another embodiment of a gutter cover in accordance with the present invention. In this case, second portion  16  of cover  10  also includes a number of substantially parallel channels  44  extending in a flow direction (as denoted by arrow  46 ). Channels  44  are similar to channels  36  of first portion  14  ( FIG. 3 ) and are preferably aligned with respective channels  36 . In operation, water flows over roof  20  onto first portion  14  of cover  10  in a manner similar to that described above. When rain water rounds nose portion  18 , channels  44  converge the water on second portion  16 . This preserves the integrity of the high-volume streams created on the top of the cover. As such, water is less likely to break up into vulnerable droplets. 
       FIG. 6A  illustrates a further embodiment in which rounded nose portion  18  of cover  10  contains alternating indentations  46  (“roots”) and protrusions  48  (“teeth”). Each indentation  46  is defined between a respective pair of protrusions  48  as shown. In this embodiment, indentations  46  are U-shaped, but it should be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that other shapes and configurations may be employed without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention. (As used herein, “U-shaped” should be construed as U-shaped to V-shaped or anything in between.) As shown in  FIG. 6B , the gutter cover is preferably configured in this embodiment such that protrusions  48  extend beyond the forward edge of the gutter. 
     In operation, water flows over roof  20  onto first portion  14  of cover  10  in a manner similar to that described above. Water is gathered in channels  36  and directed thereby to indentations  46  in nose portion  18 . Accordingly, water will flow around nose portion  18  between protrusions  48 . Initial wettability is enhanced by the fact the radius of the curved root surface is significantly larger than that at protrusions  48 . In other words, the overall gutter cover maintains a small radius profile but the radius traversed by the water will be more like that of a gutter cover with a larger radius nose. Moreover, any dripping of water in this embodiment will be into the open trough of the rain gutter. Protrusions  48  act to prevent leaves and other debris from entering gutter  32  since they extend beyond the gutter bead. 
     While indentations  46  are shown to be relatively large in the drawings, benefits can be achieved using relatively small indentations. For example, indentations of only about 0.025-0.030 inches “deep” and a width of about ⅜ inch should achieve effective results. 
       FIG. 7  illustrates an embodiment in which first portion  14  of cover  10  includes a horizontal rib  50  that runs the length of the cover. As shown, horizontal rib  50  is located downstream of the part  38  of first portion  14  that is installed under shingle first course  22  ( FIG. 2 ), but upstream of channels  36 . Preferably the vertical dimension of rib  50  will be sufficient to cause water cascading from the shingle surface to collide with it, thus slowing the velocity of the flowing water. This may be especially advantageous during high-flow periods (as in a downpour), reducing the chances that water will jettison overboard during extreme conditions. Rib  50  may also serve to advantageously disperse concentrated water streams, such as may be created by the presence of debris on the roof. As one skilled in the art will appreciate, it may be necessary to shorten the flow direction length of channels  36  in comparison with other embodiments in order to accommodate rib  50 . Embodiments are also contemplated in which multiple parallel ribs are provided rather than a single horizontal rib as illustrated. 
     In addition, ribs may be formed in sections, with flat areas between sections to facilitate carrying shingle gravel and other particulate matter away, thus preventing build-up of material that could negatively impact the ribs&#39; damming function. For example,  FIG. 8  (also  FIG. 10 ) illustrates an embodiment in which the rib is an interrupted continuum in which a small gap  52  is formed between longitudinal sections  50   a  and  50   b . One or more short ribs  54  are located upstream of gap  52  to deny water the opportunity to flow unimpeded through the gap. 
     In operation, rain falls on roof  20  and begins to flow toward cover  10 , increasing in volume with time. The rate at which the water travels may also begin to increase due to gravitational acceleration. Shortly after the water passes onto cover  10 , it comes into contact with horizontal rib  50 , which acts as a “speed bump” to decrease the rate at which the water is traveling before it enters channels  36 . As a result, the rain water enters channels  36  at a more controlled rate allowing the channels to efficiently converge the water so that it may effectively round nose portion  18 . 
     Referring now to  FIGS. 9-11 , a rain gutter cover  110  constructed in accordance with a further embodiment of the present invention is shown. Rain gutter cover  110  includes an elongate cover member  112  comprising a first portion  114  integrally extending into a second portion  116  about a rounded nose portion  118 . As with previous embodiments, a part of first portion  114  is preferably inserted under a first course of shingles so as to fix cover  110  to a house or other structure. In this regard, first portion  114  preferably defines a bend line  139  at which the insertion part is distinguished from the downstream part of first portion  114  used to slow and direct flow of water. Bend line  139  changes the slope of first portion  114  such that the insertion part will approximate the slope of the roof. 
     As with previous embodiments, the outermost edge of rounded nose portion  118  preferably extends beyond the outside edge (“bead”) of the rain gutter when installed. Rounded nose portion  118  may have a radius within the range of an eighth of an inch (⅛″ or 0.125″) to three sixteenths of an inch ( 3/16″ of 0.1875″) to provide cover  110  with the desired “low profile” configuration. Like previous embodiments, rain gutter cover  110  may be constructed of any suitable material including sheet metal that has been appropriately coated or treated (as explained below), along with various plastics. Second portion  116  may preferably define a flat (i.e. unchanneled) surface, as shown. 
     In this embodiment, first portion  114  includes two rows of horizontal ribs  150  and  154  located downstream of bend line  139 . (The term “horizontal” is used to indicate a direction transverse to the downstream flow direction. The term “vertical,” used below, indicates a direction generally parallel to the flow direction.) As shown, ribs  150  and  154  may be configured as intermittent shorter ribs separated by gaps in the horizontal direction. Such gaps will advantageously allow particulate matter such as shingle gravel to pass through (along with the flowing water). In such embodiments, ribs  150  are preferably located downstream of the gaps between ribs  154 . 
     Farther downstream of ribs  150  and  154 , first portion  114  of cover member  112  defines a plurality of generally vertical ribs  142 . As shown, ribs  142  define a first spacing A in their upstream direction and a second spacing B closer to rounded nose portion  118 . Preferably, the spacing A may be in the range of 0.75 to 2 inches. The spacing B may preferably be in a range of about one-half inch (0.5″) to one inch (1″). 
     In the illustrated embodiment, the reduction in spacing between A and B is accomplished by configuring ribs  142  in an inverted “Y” shape. In particular, ribs  142  each have an upstream first portion  160  having an elongate shape. First portion  160  integrally extends into a downstream second portion  162  having two legs that diverge in the direction of nose portion  118 . While the two legs of second portion  162  of a particular rib diverge from each other, one skilled in the art will appreciate that they converge toward those of adjacent ribs to provide the reduced spacing B. Generally, the overall length C of ribs  142  may preferably be in a range of about one and one-half inches (1.5″) to two and one-half (2.5″) inches. Of this, the length D defined by lower portion  162  will preferably be in the range of about three-quarters of an inch (0.75″) to one and one-quarter inch (1.25″). 
     As shown in  FIG. 11 , the height of second portion  162  is preferably slightly greater than that of first portion  160 . For example, in one embodiment, first portion  160  may have a height of about three sixteenths of an inch ( 3/16″) with second portion having a height of about five sixteenths of an inch ( 5/16″). 
     It can be seen that second portions  162  preferably terminate very close to rounded nose portion  118 . In addition, the lower ends of portions  162  may be “squared up” as shown to reduce dispersal of the flowing water that might otherwise occur at this location. Moreover, one skilled in the art will appreciate that ribs  142  may have other suitable shapes that provide the desired spacings A and B. For example, second portion  162  may be configured to have a triangular shape rather than diverging legs as shown. 
     In light rain or at the beginning of rain, the configuration of ribs  142  advantageously gathers raindrops into pools of sufficient volume to create water streams capable of adhering to rounded nose portion  118 . In particular, the region between adjacent first portions  160  of ribs  142  serves as a water accumulation basin at which the water is collected. The spacing A between first portions  160  is wide enough such that water delivered to the nose is in streams of sufficient quantity even in very light conditions. 
     The spacing B between second portions  162  serves as an exit gate through which water is merged into continuous, agglomerated streams. In other words, the gathered water is “focused” (converged) at the “exit gate” to create momentum at the location of rounded nose portion  118 . This focusing counteracts any tendency of the water to otherwise spread out, and augments braking provided by the horizontal ribs  150  and  154 . 
     To further enhance the “wettability” characteristics of the cover, various techniques may be utilized. For example, the cover member may be formed of a substrate material having a conventional coating thereon (such as typical Kynar and acrylic-latex paints), further modified to enhance surface tension. In one exemplary approach, the cover member has a finely textured outer surface defining a multiplicity of water entrapment pits (or closed channels) to facilitate initial wetting of the cover member. Such cavities may be formed by appropriately abrading the coating. (Preferably, the coating should preferably be of a total thickness at least twice the nominal depth of the water entrapment cavities. For example, the total thickness of the coating may be at least 1.0 mm.) Adjacent cavities should be closely spaced, such that retained water in them connects at least partially via capillary action to form an overall film. Those cavities should preferably be formed on an exposed area of the first portion, on the rounded nose portion and on the water directing second portion. 
     Creating a multiplicity of water entrapment cavities spaced closely together desirably creates a water film from the first drops of a rain to fall on the cover surface. Such water entrapment cavities may be created by abrading a smooth surface coating to produce closed scratched channels and cavities of any conceivable configuration. All, however, should be capable of entrapping water. Arrayed in close proximity to one another, water in adjacent pools join together under capillary attraction to form the desired uniform surface film. 
     Another means of inducing early raindrops to assemble into the desirable film is to apply to the coil coating a layer of surfactant-based solution that promotes uniform wetting, one that induces water to spread in a film where normally it would stand in discreet droplets. Typical of such materials is a PPG Corporation product called “Shield,” currently marketed as an aid to preventing accumulation of brake dust on automobile wheels. The life of such materials in weather is of the order of six months, long enough to maintain the desired filming condition while the surface tension properties of the underlying coating undergoes favorable change in response to weather exposure. 
     Still another means of inducing water filming is to arrive at time/temperature processing conditions during curing of coil coatings that yields a surface on which applied water does indeed spread as a film. Increasing curing time over that normally employed in coil processing makes for enhanced surface-tension performance in gutter cover applications. 
     While one or more preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, it should be understood that any and all equivalent realizations of the present invention are included within the scope and spirit thereof. The embodiments depicted are presented by way of example only and are not intended as limitations upon the present invention. Thus, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in this art that the present invention is not limited to these embodiments since modifications can be made. Therefore, it is contemplated that any and all such embodiments are included in the present invention as may fall within the scope and spirit thereof.