Abstract:
The subject invention is a sealing system for a building structure to protect the building foundation from moisture penetration, said system comprising a layer of waterproof lining placed under the foundation and adjacent to the outer walls of the foundation or the basement structure, such lining being basically a covering over and around the foundation to protect the walls and bottom of the foundation from infiltration of moisture and water.

Description:
DISCUSSION OF PRIOR ART AND BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
   The subject invention relates to sealing systems for building foundations for prevention of moisture ingress into the foundation or basement area through the foundation walls or otherwise. In this respect, sealing systems for foundations are not new, as several basement and foundation sealing systems are well known. 
   It is the intent of this invention to provide an improved and effective sealing system that provides complete and total moisture blockage, and one that will not require repeated repair or construction efforts to alleviate moisture problems in the basement and foundation areas. Existing sealing systems do not provide effective sealing means for the purposes stated, therefore, the subject invention is conceived accordingly. 
   As a background, it is noted that in foundation structuring for buildings, basement walls are adapted to enclose a spatial area under the first floor of a building. As such, basement walls are designed and structured to resist the lateral or side pressures of both soil and water functioning as vertically disposed cantilevers between the basement slab and first floor slabs. Concrete or block structures are the ideal composition for such walls. 
   For purposes of maintaining moisture resistance, that is, moisture ingress into the interior basement area through the walls or floors, several basic means have been utilized to help alleviate the problem. Some of the more prominent methods have been the reduction of exterior hydrostatic pressure, integral structured tightness, membranes, or surface coatings, in addition to other means. Each such method has specific shortcomings. For example, coating the interior of the basement wall is relatively ineffective. Interior sealing in the basement area may be avoided to some measure by heating or ventilation. In some instances, drainage pipes with spaced perforations disposed strategically outside the basement walls reduce lateral hydrostatic pressure as long as they can be drained into free-standing outlets. These latter methods have not proven to be totally effective, particularly when hydrostatic pressures and moisture volume vary. 
   The use of partial membranes along only the outside surface of a basement wall has been a method seen, however, such membranes have generally employed fabric, tar, or asphalt disposed flush on the outside wall as a continuous layered coating over the outside wall as a continuous layered coating over the outside vertical extent of the wall. In some cases, the vertical membrane is in turn covered on its outside surface by concrete or masonry creating a layered effect. This system has proven to be only moderately effective, and is relatively expensive. 
   Yet another frequently used and expensive method of waterproofing has been to apply a coating of waterproofing to the outer surface of the basement wall—usually this process involves the use of bituminous emulsion or mastic without use of an external membrane. One major disadvantage of such a system is that the reliability thereof diminishes when subjected to a substantial hydrostatic pressure for more than four hours continuously. 
   By reason of these described problems with prior art methods for moisture barrier protection, the subject invention has been conceived. The following delineated objects of the subject invention have been set forth accordingly. 
   OBJECTS OF INVENTION 
   It is an object of the subject invention to provide an improved waterproofing system for a building foundation; 
   A further object of the subject invention is to provide a waterproofing system for the lower portion of a residence; 
   Another object of the subject invention is to provide an improved system for waterproofing buildings; 
   Still another object of the subject invention is to provide an improved method of protecting a building foundation from moisture damage; 
   Yet another object of the subject invention is to provide an improved system of waterproofing buildings; 
   Another object of the subject invention is to provide additional moisture ingress protection for a building; 
   Other and further objects of the subject invention will become obvious from a reading of the description in conjunction with the drawings and claims. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a side elevational view, partially in section, showing the subject moisture protection structure; 
       FIG. 2  is a side elevational view, partially in section, showing in outline form an alternate embodiment of the subejct invention; 
       FIG. 3  is a side elevational view of the subject moisture protection system, in cross section, in relationship to the foundation support system; 
       FIG. 4A  is a side elevational view in section showing existing art moisture protective systems; 
       FIG. 4B  is a side elevational view of yet another existing art moisture protective system. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF GENERAL EMBODIMENT AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   The subject invention is a sealing system for a building structure to protect the building foundation from moisture penetration, said system comprising a layer of waterproof lining placed under the foundation and adjacent to the outer walls of the foundation of the basement structure, being basically a covering over and around the foundation to protect the walls and bottom of the foundation from infiltration of moisture and water. 
   The subject invention is directed to a plastic-based waterproof membrane disposed completely around the outer surfaces of a building foundation or a basement, such covered outer surfaces including the vertical outer surfaces of the basement walls as well as the lower surface of the basement floor or the foundation slab, in a situation where there is no basement. The invention concept centers on applying the plastic-based covering flush against the vertical side walls as well as flush against the bottom surface of the basement floor or foundation slab. For this purpose, adhesive material may be used to accomplish the purpose. In alternate arrangements, the plastic-based membrane is spaced away a given distance from the outer surface walls by spacers affixed to the walls, by which arrangement there is an air space disposed between the plastic covering and the outer surface walls. In this latter arrangement, concrete, block, or others used to support the outer surface of the plastic cover. 
   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   In describing the preferred embodiment of the subject invention, the following reference nomenclature will be used: 
   The word “upper” will be used in reference to areas of the building towards the upper part thereof. 
   The word “lower” will be used in reference to areas oriented toward the ground. 
   The words “lateral sides” will refer to the vertically disposed sides of a building, or any portion or subpart thereof. 
   The word “longitudinal” will be used to refer to that directional orientation of a part that extends over its longest extent. 
   The words “longitudinal axis” will refer to the central, symmetrically disposed axis extending over the longitudinal extent of the object. 
   The word “lateral” will be used in reference to that directional orientation of a part which extends symmetrically in a generally perpendicular direction to the longitudinal axis over the second longest dimensional extent of such part. 
   Moreover, in describing the preferred embodiment, the following description will be directed to cover a residential building applicacation. The invention herein will be understood to generally apply to buildings other than the residential type, and therefore any direct description and application to residential type structures should not be considered as a limitation of the scope of the subject invention. Additionally, it is to be stressed that the following description is of a specifically structured residential building, with multiple floor levels and other constructional features peculiar to that structural arrangement shown. Again, reference to such a description of a preferred embodiment and its particular constructional attributes, shall not be considered as limiting the subject invention to such precise constructional features. 
   Referring now to the drawings in which a preferred embodiment is shown, and particularly in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . Specifically, shown in  FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view from a side elevation of a conventional structured shell for a residential building  10 . The residential building  10  is comprised in part of a roof  15  disposed on the upper part thereof, shown as being of the pitched variety, with peak  20 . Building  10  is further comprised of the four basic living areas  30 , and a basement area  40 , disposed under a first floor structure  45 . The basement area  40  is basically an enclosure of the building foundation  50 , as seen in the drawings. The foregoing description is directed to a fairly conventional basement foundation constructional arrangement, however, it is to be understood that the subject invention and the principles thereof are equally applicable to building constructions of any shape, configuration or number of stories. Moreover, it is to be understood that the subject invention shall apply irrespective of whether or not a basement exists in the building in question. 
   As seen in  FIGS. 1 ,  2  and  3 , the foundation is formed by a lower horizontal slab  70 , such slab having an upper surface  80  and a lower surface  90 . 
   Generally, the upper surface  80  of the lower slab  70  forms the floor of the basement area  30 , while the lower surface is exposed to the ground. Moreover, in the usual constructional relasionship, the basement area is formed in a rectangular pattern with four lateral and vertical walls, such as opposing side walls  100 A and  100 C. Such vertical side walls thus form the outer vertical perimeter of the foundation. 
   The subject invention is directed to a plastic-based waterproof membrane disposed completely around the outer surfaces of a building foundation or a basement, such covered outer surface including the vertical center surfaces of the basement walls as well as the lower surface of the basement floor or the foundation slab, in such situations where there is no basement. The invention concept centers on applying the plastic-based covering flush against the neutral side walls as well as flush against the bottom surface of the basement floor or foundation slab. For this purpose, adhesive material may be used to accomplish this purpose. In the invention herein the plastic-based membrane is spaced away a given distance from the outer surface walls by spaces affixed to the walls by which arrangement there is an additional space between the plastic covering and the outer surface walls. In this latter arrangement, concrete block or other material is used to support the outer surface of the plastic cover. Insulating materials may be placed in such insulation area, or alternately, pesticides or other compositions adapted to prevent insect infestation may be used, Yet another substance that can be placed in such intermediate spatial area  315  could be moisture absorbing compounds, such as calcium carbonate or other similar substances. Moreover, in the embodiment whereby the membrane is placed flush against the outer surface of the vertical walls, these same latter substances may be applied between the membrane and the vertical walls. 
   In this embodiment, as seen in the drawings, the outer vertical surfaces and bottom surfaces of a building foundation  40  of the basement  150 , such covered outer surface including the vertical outer surfaces  200 A,  200 B,  200 C,  200 D of the basement walls as well as the lower outer surface  250  of the basement floor or the foundation slab, in such situations where there is no basement. The invention concept centers in the preferred embodiment of applying the plastic-based membrane flush against the vertical side walls as well as flush against the bottom surface  250  of the basement floor or foundation slab. For this purpose, adhesive material  300  may be used to accomplish this purpose, with the adhesive material placed between the inner surface of the membrane  190  and the outer surfaces of the vertical walls. 
   In the second arrangement the plastic-based membrane  190  is spaced away a given distance from the outer vertical surface walls  200 A,  200 B,  200 C by spaces affixed to the walls, by which arrangement there is a spatial area  300  between the membrane  140  and the outer surfaces of the vertical walls. In this latter arrangement, supporting block members  300 A,  300 B,  300 C . . . may be affixed on their inner surfaces to a respectively adjoining portion of the outer surfaces off the vertical side walls. In this position the membrane  190  is attached on a portion thereof to the outer surface of adjoining supporting block members functioning to support the member  190  in a spaced away position outwardly an arbitrary distance away from the vertical side walls to provide such instulating intermediate spatial zone  315 . In such spatial zone  315  such spatial zone could extend under the foundation bottom surface, however, this would not be practical.