Abstract:
A system and method for automatically integrating data with guidelines to generate displays containing the guidelines and data. The automated system and method can integrate patient data with treatment guidelines to assist a healthcare provider, such as a physician or the like, in providing treatment to the patient. The system and method employ a data storage component, adapted to store guideline data representing guidelines for assessing a condition of an entity, guidelines for taking action on the entity, or both, and to store feature data representing at least one feature of the entity. The system and method further employ an output device, adapted to output at least one diagram representing the guideline data, with the diagram including at least one component representing a relationship of at least a portion of the feature data to at least a portion of the guideline data. The guideline and feature data could pertain to a medical condition, such as diabetes, and the output device could output the diagram as a display or a printed diagram.

Description:
[0001]    This application claims benefit under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) from provisional patent application Serial No. 60/244,845, filed on Nov. 1, 2000, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    The present invention relates to a system and method for automatically integrating data with guidelines to generate displays containing the guidelines and data. More particularly, the present invention relates to a system and method that employs a database that is capable of receiving data, such patient data, statistical data, and the like, from local or remote locations and integrating the data in a database along with guidelines, such as treatment guidelines used by medical providers, to generate displays containing the guidelines which are enhanced by the integrated data to provide information pertaining to the guidelines and recommendations for following the guidelines.  
           [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0005]    As the population in the United States continues to increase, especially among the aging, the ability for traditional healthcare providers, such as hospitals and doctors&#39; offices, to effectively provide treatment becomes increasingly challenging. In addition, as the average age of the population continues to increase, the number of people requiring care for long-term illnesses, such heart disease, diabetes and the like also increases.  
           [0006]    Accordingly, alternatives to traditional health providers are being developed to accommodate these greater healthcare needs. Also, more effective and efficient systems are being developed to attempt to reduce the number of medical personnel necessary to treat or monitor patients. Specifically, systems are being developed that enable patients to have their conditions monitored at home, such as by themselves or a visiting nurse, and to provide data related to various tests, such blood pressure measurement, temperature, weight, blood glucose level, and the like, to a centralized database. These systems are then capable of organizing the data in an appropriate manner, and providing the data in an appropriate format to a healthcare provider, such a physician, who can review the data and determine whether the plan of care for the patient is sufficient or should be modified.  
           [0007]    An example of a healthcare data manipulation and analysis system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,230,142 to Benigno, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. According to the Benigno system, a healthcare provider, such as a nurse can obtain patient data during a visit with the patient at, for example, the patient&#39;s home. This patient data is entered into a database that compares the data to treatment guidelines for the particular patient&#39;s disease, and provides a recommended course of treatment for the patient. Other examples of this type of system are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,953,074 and 5,583,758, both to McGilroy, the entire content of both of these patents being incorporated herein by reference.  
           [0008]    Although the patents cited above describe systems which attempt to gather and analyze patient data and provide some recommended plan of treatment, these systems are not configured to outline different options of patient care. These systems also are not effective in illustrating to the care provider a comparison between other variations of care plans that could be followed based on variations in the patient data. Therefore, healthcare providers may find these types of systems insufficient because they provide only a specific result for the patient based on the specific patient test data, and not different options that could be provided to the patient were the test data to be different.  
           [0009]    A technique known as Staged Diabetes Management (SDM) exists that uses diagrams or decision paths to illustrate to a healthcare provider different courses of treatment for a diabetes patient. An example of the staged diabetes management technique is described in a book by Roger S. Mazze, Ph.D. et al.,  Staged Diabetes Management—A Systematic Approach  (International Diabetes Center, 2000), the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference. The Staged Diabetes Management technique described in this book is intended to provide a systematic approach to diabetes care that can significantly reduce average glycosylated hemoglobin AIC, reduce overall lower extremity amputation, and reduce adverse fetal and prenatal outcomes associated with Type 1 diabetes and pregnancy. SDM provides a comprehensive program that offers scientifically based guidelines for the prevention, detection and treatment of diabetes and its complications, and has proven to enhance the quality of patient care when compared to standard treatment approaches for diabetes.  
           [0010]    Specifically, the SDM technique uses diagrams referred to as decision paths that incorporate research findings in Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and diabetes in pregnancy, and translates them into techniques usable for clinical practice. Over the past decade, the program has been adapted successfully by more than 10,000 practitioners in 200 diabetes treatment centers worldwide.  
           [0011]    Although the SDM technique has been very successful, it is somewhat difficult to implement in a practical sense because of the need to manually integrate patient data with the SDM guidelines. That is, when a healthcare provider uses the known SDM technique, the healthcare provider must manually compare the patient data, such as test measurements and the like, with the questions and criteria set forth in the decision paths. Based on this comparison, the healthcare provider manually determines the course of treatment to provide to the patient in view of the guidelines outlined in the decision path. Again, although this technique is successful in achieving the desired results, it may be somewhat difficult for a healthcare provider to use in a practical sense.  
           [0012]    Accordingly, a need exists for a system and method capable of integrating patient data with SDM guidelines, to provide an overall improved SDM technique.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0013]    An object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for automatically integrating data with guidelines to generate displays containing the guidelines and data.  
           [0014]    Another object of the present invention is to provide an automated system and method for integrating patient data with treatment guidelines to assist the healthcare provider, such as a physician or the like, in providing treatment to the patient.  
           [0015]    A further object of the present invention is to provide a system and method that is capable of receiving data, such patient data, statistical data, and the like, from local or remote locations and integrating the data in a database along with guidelines, such as treatment guidelines used by medical providers, to generate displays containing the guidelines which are enhanced by the integrated data to provide information pertaining to the guidelines and recommendations for following the guidelines.  
           [0016]    Another object of the present invention is to provide a system and method for automatically incorporating patient data with a staged disease management technique to provide integration between the patient data and the decision pathways for treatment to the healthcare provider.  
           [0017]    These and other objects are substantially achieved by providing a system and method for integrating guidelines with data. The system and method each employ a data storage component, which is adapted to store guideline data representing guidelines for assessing a condition of an entity, guidelines for taking action on the entity, or both, and which is further adapted to store feature data representing at least one feature of the entity. The system and method further employ an output device, adapted to output a diagram representing the guideline data. The diagram includes at least one component representing a relationship of at least a portion of the feature data to at least a portion of the guideline data. Specifically, the output device includes a display which adapted to display the diagram, or a printer which is adapted to print the diagram. The entity can be a person, in which event the feature data can represent at least one physical condition of the person, and the guideline data can represent medical information. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]    These and other objects, advantages and novel features of the invention will be more readily appreciated from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment thereof when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 1 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating an example of a network adapted for use with a system and method for integrating patient data with healthcare guidelines according an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 2 is a conceptual block diagram illustrating an example of the manner in which data is input and output from a data base in a network shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the manner in which the network shown in FIG. 1 employing the system and method according to an embodiment of the present invention integrates patient data with treatment guidelines;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 4 is another conceptual diagram illustrating an example of the manner in which the network shown in FIG. 1 employing the system and method according to an embodiment of the present invention integrates patient data with treatment guidelines;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a display screen displayed by a workstations used in conjunction with the network shown in FIG. 1 that can be used to generate integrated patent data and guideline displays in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a screening and diagnosis display screen that can be generated on a workstation display in a network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 7 illustrates a master decision path display screen that can be generated on a workstation display screen employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 8 is an example of a food plan and exercise start display that can be displayed on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 9 is an example of a medical visit information display that can be displayed on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 10 illustrates an example of an insulin stage 2 start display that can be generated on a workstation display screen employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a Type 2 diabetes stage 2 adjust display that can be generated on a display screen of a workstation employing the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 12 illustrates an example of an insulin stage 3A start display that can be generated on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 13 illustrates an example of an insulin stage 4A start display that can be generated on a display screen of a workstation employed in a network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a screening and diagnosis display screen as shown in FIG. 6 that further displays a selection box according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 15 is an example of a blood pressure display that can be displayed on the display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 16 is an example of a medications and allergies display that can be displayed on the display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 17 is an example of a patient update information display that can be displayed on a display screen of the workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIG. 18 is a self management adherence assessment display that can be generated on display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 19 is an example of a hypertension diagnosis display that can be displayed on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 20 is an example of a hypertension diagnosis display as shown in FIG. 19 that further displays a box containing desired blood pressure readings according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 21 is an example of a hypertension drug therapy start display that can be displayed on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 22 is an example of a diagnosis display that can be displayed on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 23 is an example of a patient intake display that can be displayed on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 24 is an example of a print selection display that can be displayed on a display screen of a workstation employed in the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 25 is another example of a display screen displayed by a workstations used in conjunction with the network shown in FIG. 1 that can be used to generate integrated patent data and guideline displays in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 26 is another example of a display containing a Type 2 diabetes stage 2 adjust pathway that can be generated on a display screen of a workstation employing the network shown in FIG. 1 in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0045]    [0045]FIG. 1 illustrates a network  100  employing a system and method for integrating data, such as patient data, with guidelines, such as healthcare guidelines, according to an embodiment of the present invention. The network  100  employs a centralized computer network  102  including a database  104  for storing information pertaining to patients as well as healthcare guidelines as discussed in more detail below. The network  100  further includes a plurality of workstations  106  which, in this example, are healthcare provider workstations. These workstations  106  can include desktop computer terminals or the like that are capable of accessing the centralized computer network  102  and database  104  via, for example, the Internet  108  or in any other suitable fashion.  
         [0046]    The network  100  further includes a plurality of patient terminals  110  that can be used by, for example, the individual patients or a healthcare provider, such a home care nurse, to record and enter patient data, such as vital statistics, test results, and so on, into the centralized database  104 . The patient terminals  110  can access the centralized database  104  via, for example the Internet  108  or in any other suitable manner in order to provide the data to the centralized database  104 . The centralized database  104  is shown in more detail in FIG. 2.  
         [0047]    Specifically, the database  104  is capable of receiving patient specific data entry sets  112  via the patient terminals  110  or by any other suitable method. That is, the patient can take his or her own vital signs and perform other self-administered tests, such as measuring blood glucose level and so on, and enter this information online via his or her patient terminal  110 . Alternatively, this data can be obtained by a visiting nurse, technician or the like. Also, this data need not be entered via the patient terminal  110 , but can be obtained manually and entered into the database  104  via another workstation at, for example, the facility in which the database  104  is present, or in any other suitable manner. Furthermore, instruments such as a sphygmomanometer, blood glucose measuring device, and so on, can be coupled to the patient terminal  110  to automatically input the patient&#39;s readings and measurements directly to the patient terminal  110  without the need for manual or electronic entry by the patient, nurse, and so on. The terminal  110  can then be used to provide this data to the database  104  in any of the manners described above.  
         [0048]    It should be noted that the database  104  need not be configured as a centralized database to store the data discussed above, such as that pertaining to the guidelines and patient data. For example, the guideline data and patient data can be stored locally in the workstations  106  and patient terminals  110 , respectively, and integrated as appropriate as discussed in more detail below. Furthermore, even if the guideline data and patient data are stored in separate databases or data storage locations, those separate databases or data storage locations can be referred to generally as a data storage component.  
         [0049]    As further illustrated in FIG. 2 and as discussed in more detail below, the network  102  generates stage disease management pathways  114  that are integrated with the decision data sets  116  and reference content  118 , which includes the patient-specific data, to generate clinical decision pathways  120 . As also shown in FIG. 2 and discussed in more detail below, the database  104  can be controlled by the computer network  102  to generate educational material  122  and outcome reports  124  that take into account the patient-specific data.  
         [0050]    [0050]FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate an example of the manner in which the operations involving the database  104 , workstations  106  and patient terminals  110  shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 can address and eliminate the problems associated with conventional stage disease management techniques discussed in the Background section above. For example, the data entry sets can be provided by keyboard entry via the patient workstations  110 . The data entry sets can also be provided to the database  104  via datasheets that are manually completed and scanned into electronic format, which is then forwarded to the database  104 . The data entry sets can also be remotely downloaded to the database  104  in any fashion, and can also involve electronic medical records (EMR) interfacing to input the data to the database  104 .  
         [0051]    As further illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, the decision data sets facilitate comparison of the existing patient state against the pathway model as described in more detail below. The pathways are navigable links and are therefore easy to use by a healthcare provider. The reference content is hyperlinked to the pathways and data sheets to facilitate timely access by the healthcare provider. The clinical decision aspects of the database  104  provide outcomes reporting capability which can be used by healthcare providers, and the educational material aspects provide the patient with Internet access or clinician-generated materials to enable the patient to study information about his or her condition.  
         [0052]    The manner in which an example of a system and method according to an embodiment of the present operates will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 2, and  5 - 24 . Specifically, after the patient information has been entered into the database  104  in any of the manners described above, the network  102  can be controlled to generate treatment, pathways or guidelines that take into the account this particular patient&#39;s data to enable a healthcare provider to diagnose and prescribe treatment of the patient. When the healthcare provider accesses the database  104  via, for example, a healthcare provider workstation  106 , the computer  102  can access the database  104  and provide data to the workstation  106  that enables the workstation  106  to generate a display  130  on its display screen as shown in FIG. 5. In this example, the guidelines and pathways generated relate to the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes. However, it can be appreciated that this type of system and method can be employed to provide treatment pathways and guidelines for any type of disease, or can have any other medical or non-medical application.  
         [0053]    As shown in FIG. 5, the display  130  includes an alphabetic listing of patient names. In this example, only two names are shown, but the list can have as many names as the database  104  is capable of supporting.  
         [0054]    If the healthcare provider is interested in using the system and method to obtain a diagnosis and treatment for the patient “Sandra Dee”, the healthcare provider can use, for example, the mouse at his or her workstation  106  to click on the name “Sandra Dee.” This action causes the web browser running on the workstations  106  to provide the necessary data to network  102 , which results in the network  102  retrieving the appropriate data from database  104  and providing that data back to the web browser on the workstation  110 . As illustrated in FIG. 6, this data causes the workstation  110  to generate a display  132  illustrating a screening and diagnosis pathway for the patient “Sandra Dee.” This pathway can be generally referred to as a diagram, which can include the type of pictorial display as illustrated. However, the term diagram can also refer to other types of displays of the guideline information, such as spreadsheet type displays, lists of information including the guidelines, and so on.  
         [0055]    In this example, the display  132  includes a button column  133  that enables the healthcare provider to generate various displays as discussed in more detail below. For example, the healthcare provider can click on the button entitled “Screening &amp; Diagnosis Data” to display various boxes or components that show different guidelines that enable a healthcare provider to determine, based on the data entered into database  104  pertaining to “Sandra Dee”, whether or not the patient “Sandra Dee” has any form of diabetes. For example, box  134  displays the types of risk factors for diabetes, along with the symptoms being experienced by the patient “Sandra Dee” and the capillary blood glucose (BG) readings that would indicate that the patient is suffering from a form of diabetes. It is noted that in box  134 , the risk factors that the patient “Sandra Dee” meets are included. For example, the risk factors pertaining to dyslipidemia, ethnicity and family history are included. Also, symptoms such a blurred vision, UTI, dry/itchy skin, and so on are included. Furthermore, the results of the fasting blood glucose test as being greater than 100 mg/dL is highlighted.  
         [0056]    As further illustrated in FIG. 6, box  136  highlights to the healthcare provider that the test performed was a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) reading, as opposed to a casual plasma glucose (CPG) reading. Box  138  highlights to the healthcare provider those diagnostic tests that were performed on the patient to indicate that the patient may have a form of diabetes.  
         [0057]    Boxes  140 ,  142  and  144  similarly illustrate the different pathways that the diagnoses can take depending on the results of the patient&#39;s test. For example, box  144  indicates that the FPG of the patient was determined to be  149  on Oct. 10, 2000, and thus, this portion of box  144  is highlighted. Since box  144  is highlighted, the healthcare provider can then follow the path to box  146  to see the readings of the patient pertaining to the urine ketone. It is noted that box  146  indicates that the results of the urine ketone test were negative on Oct. 11, 2000. The healthcare provider is therefore instructed to box  148  to repeat the FPG test in seven days. The healthcare provider is not instructed to proceed to box  150  to provide a diagnosis for Type 1 diabetes.  
         [0058]    As further illustrated in FIG. 6, box  151  of the pathway indicates to the healthcare provider that the FPG testing of the patient was 160 mg/dL on Oct. 11, 2000, which is greater than the guideline of 126 mg/dL. The pathway therefore indicates in box  152  that the healthcare provider should diagnose the patient with Type 2 diabetes. It is also noted that because the FPG level was greater than the guideline set forth in box  150 , the healthcare provider is not instructed to proceed to box  154  to diagnose the patient with impaired glucose homeostasis. Also, because the patient&#39;s FPG level falls within the guidelines set forth in box  144 , the pathway instructed the healthcare provider to proceed along the boxes subsequent to box  144 . The healthcare provider is not instructed to proceed to box  141  which instructs the healthcare provider to diagnose the patient as having no diabetes.  
         [0059]    In box  152 , the healthcare provider is instructed to generate a master decision path for the patient. By using the mouse on his or her workstation  110  to click on the term “Type 2 master decision path”, the web browser sends data to the network  102  which, in response, retrieves the appropriate data from database  104  and provides that data to the web browser at workstation  110 . The workstation  110  thus displays a display screen  160  as shown in FIG. 7. The boxes in the display screen  160  provide the healthcare provider with various types of recommendation for diet, exercise, and medication. For example, box  162  outlines a criteria for the FPG being less than 200 mg/dL. Because the FPG of the patient is indicated as being 160 mg/dL on Oct. 11, 2000, box  162  indicates to the healthcare provider to proceed to box  164  where the healthcare provider is instructed to prescribe a food plan and exercise for the patient. By clicking on the term “food plan and exercise stage” in box  164 , the healthcare provider can control the web browser to provide an instruction to the network  102  to retrieve the appropriate data from database  104 . The network  102  provides this data to workstation  110 , which causes the web browser to display a display  186  as shown in FIG. 8.  
         [0060]    As further shown in FIG. 8, the display  186  includes boxes  188  through  204 , which indicate to the healthcare provider recommendations for diet and exercise. For example, the diagnosis box  188  proceeds to box  190  which indicates to the healthcare provider that the records of the patient&#39;s medical visit should be reviewed. The healthcare provider can review the medical visit records by clicking on the medical visit term in box  190  to cause the web browser on the workstation  110  to display the medical visit display screen  191  as shown in FIG. 9, into which information pertaining to the patient&#39;s medical visit or visits can be entered. As further shown in FIG. 8, box  192  provides information to the healthcare provider for obtaining a registered dietician, while box  194  provides SMBG targets for the patient at different stages throughout the day.  
         [0061]    Box  196  which follows box  190  also provides information for diet and exercise for the patient, while box  198  provides medical nutrition therapy guidelines. Box  200  indicates to the healthcare provider the periods of time in which the patient&#39;s medical condition should be reviewed and when the patient&#39;s recommended diet should also be reviewed. Box  202  provides a sample food plan that can be prescribed to the patient. Box  204 , which follows box  200 , allows the healthcare provider to adjust the food plan and exercise that was prescribed to the patient if deemed necessary after performing the follow-ups recommended in box  200 .  
         [0062]    Returning now to FIG. 7, it is noted that diagnosis boxes  166  and  170  are displayed to the healthcare provider at workstation  110  to enable the healthcare provider to determine whether the patient has reached the oral agent stage or the insulin stages. For example, if the patient FPG is within the guidelines as recommended in box  166 , then the pathway indicates in box  168  that the healthcare provider should prescribe oral agents to the patient for treatment of his or her diabetes. Box  172  indicates a combination of oral agents that can be prescribed to the patient. In addition, box  170  indicates guidelines for FPG which would lead to the healthcare provider prescribing insulin for treatment of the patient. That is, box  176  indicates the recommendation and guidelines for prescribing a combination of oral agent and insulin to the patient. Boxes  180 - 184  provide recommendations for different doses of insulin depending on the stage of the patient&#39;s diabetes. Boxes  174  and  178  display types of medications that are typically prescribed, and also provide comments to the healthcare provider.  
         [0063]    Based on the recommendations box  170 , if the healthcare provider determines that the patient has reached insulin stage 2 indicated in box  180 , the healthcare provider can click on the term “insulin stage 2” in box  180  to display insulin stage 2 start screen as shown in FIG. 10. Insulin stage 2 start screen  210  includes boxes  212  through  226  which provides guidelines and recommendations for prescribing insulin to the patient. For example, box  212  sets forth guidelines concerning the patient&#39;s FPG at diagnosis, while box  214  sets forth guidelines for a patient who is undergoing oral agent or combination therapy. If these conditions in boxes  212  and  214  are met, the pathway in box  216  recommends to the healthcare provider that the patient&#39;s medical history be examined. The healthcare provider can achieve this by clicking on the medical visit term in box  216  to cause the web browser of workstation  110  to display the medical visit display screen as shown in FIG. 9.  
         [0064]    The display screen  210  shown in FIG. 10 also gives SMBG targets in box  218  to assist the healthcare in making the diagnosis. Box  220 , which follows box  216 , provides a dose calculator to enable the healthcare provider to prescribe a recommended amount insulin based the patient&#39;s weight. That is, box  220  displays the patient&#39;s weight (i.e., 61.36 kgs) and the recommended dosage (i.e., 0.3 U/kg) for that weight. Box  221  also displays the recommended dosage, while the remainder of box  220  breaks down that recommended dosage for morning, midday and evening for the patient, to arrive at the total daily units for the patient. It is noted that if the recommend dosage changes to, for example, 0.4 U/kg, the healthcare provider can use the arrow in box  221  to adjust the dosage, which will change the breakdown of the dosage in the subsequent boxes for time of day and total daily units.  
         [0065]    Box  222  in FIG. 10 provides LP considerations that can be reviewed by the healthcare provider. Box  224 , which follows box  220 , provides recommendations for a follow-up in a patient&#39;s medical condition and so on. Box  226 , which follows box  224 , enables the healthcare provider to adjust the stage to insulin dosage if deemed necessary from the follow-up in box  224 .  
         [0066]    That is, if the healthcare provider determines that the insulin for stage should be adjusted, the healthcare provider can use the mouse at his or her workstation  110  to click on the “insulin stage 2” adjust term in box  226 . By doing so, the web browser of the workstation  110  displays a stage 2 adjust screen  230  as shown in FIG. 11. Stage 2 adjust screen  230  includes boxes  232  through  252  which provide recommendations to the healthcare provider to change the insulin based on certain conditions.  
         [0067]    For example, box  234  takes into account the patient&#39;s interim history and physical conditions, as well as the laboratory results, while box  236  provides recommendations for considering different insulin stages. Box  238  considers whether the patient&#39;s SMBG is within the target range. If so, box  240  provides a recommendation that the patient maintain the stage to insulin dosage. Box  242  considers the patient&#39;s monthly assessment which, if improvement is shown, indicates that the recommendations in box  244  should be followed. If improvement is not shown, the guidelines recommended in box  246  that the patient&#39;s day-to-day management be assessed, and box  248  provides guidelines to determine whether the patient&#39;s dosage is sufficient. Box  250  enables the healthcare provider to provide a recommended adjustment to the patient&#39;s insulin dosage. Box  252  provides recommendations for changing the patient&#39;s dosage to follow the insulin stage 3 or insulin stage 4 recommendations.  
         [0068]    Returning to FIG. 7, if the healthcare provider determines from the diagnosis in box  170  that the patient should be given insulin stage 3A dosage, the healthcare provider can use the mouse at his or her workstation  110  to click on the insulin stage 3A term in box  182 . In doing so, the browser on workstation  110  will display the insulin stage 3A start display screen  260  as shown in FIG. 12. The display screen  250  includes boxes  262  through  276  which are similar to boxes  212  through  226  in display screen  210  shown in FIG. 10 and which will not be described in detail here. Returning to FIG. 7, if the healthcare provider determines from the guidelines set forth in box  170  that the patient should enter insulin stage 4A, the healthcare provider can use the mouse at his or her workstation  110  to click on the term insulin stage 4A in box  184  to cause browser to display an insulin stage for a start screen  280  as shown in FIG. 13. Screen  280  includes boxes  282  through  296  which are similar to boxes  262  through  276  shown in FIG. 12 and boxes  212  and  226  shown in FIG. 10, and thus will not be described in detail here. Also, box  276  in FIG. 12 and box  296  in FIG. 13 enable the healthcare provider to provide insulin stage 3A adjustment and insulin stage 4A adjustment, respectively, in a manner similar to the insulin stage 2A adjustment as shown in the display screen  230  set forth in FIG. 11.  
         [0069]    It is also noted that the various buttons in the button column  133  on the displays discussed above which are displayed on the display screen of the workstation  110  can be used to generate additional display screens pertaining to the patient. For example, if the healthcare provider clicks on the global patient data button, a group of additional buttons can be displayed as shown in FIG. 14. The healthcare provider can thus click on these additional buttons to cause the workstation  110  to display, for example, a screen showing the patent&#39;s history in present illness (HPI), as well as ambulatory blood pressure (BP) as shown in display screen  300  in FIG. 15, and the patient&#39;s medicines and allergy information which can be entered in display screen  302  as shown in FIG. 16. The healthcare provider can also click on the data entry button to cause the workstation to display a patient data entry screen  304  as shown in FIG. 17. The healthcare provider can also click on any of the other buttons to display screens for performing additional tasks.  
         [0070]    For example, the healthcare provider can click on the outcomes reporting button to display reports on patient progress. More particularly, the outcomes reporting button could be clicked on to display population data reports, such as NCQA, HEDIS or JCAHO reports, which are of critical importance to Health Care Organizations in securing and maintaining various forms of accreditation, and show a compilation of different patient data that can be provided to those organizations. The healthcare provider can click on the orders and referrals button to view medical orders and referrals that have been given to the patient. These orders and referrals can include templates or letters into which the patient data and diagnosis data can be automatically entered by the system, thereby obviating the need for redundant documentation by the clinician. That is, if the referral is a referral letter to a type of specialist, such as a nutritionist, the patient diagnosis (e.g., Type 2 diabetes) and patient data (e.g., SBGL readings) can be automatically inserted into the letter simply by the nature of the actions that the user takes while navigating the pathway screen(s) for the purpose of managing their patient or entity.  
         [0071]    The healthcare provider can also click on any of the other buttons in button column  133  to display the desired display screens. For example, clicking on the patient documentation button will display the patient information such as the data that is in a patient&#39;s chart. Clicking on the screen and diagnose button will display the screen and diagnose display screen  132  as shown in FIG. 6, and clicking on the start food plan and exercise button will display the food plan and exercise display screen  186  as shown in FIG. 8. Clicking on the start insulin display screen button will enable the healthcare provider to display the selected insulin display screen as shown in FIGS. 10, 12 and  13 , and clicking on the adjust insulin display screen will show an insulin adjustment display screen as shown in FIG. 11. Clicking on the start oral or start/manage pump buttons will display appropriate pathways similar to those shown in FIGS. 10, 12 and  13  but which pertain to oral or pump-administered medications. Clicking on the SOAP (subjective objective assessment and plan) button will display a display screen into which the healthcare provider can enter additional SOAP notes, beyond those automatically generated by the system in conjunction with the user&#39;s use of the system, as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art. Clicking on the select therapy button displays the master pathway as shown in FIG. 7. Clicking on the print button will enable the healthcare provider to print the displayed screen, and clicking on the home button returns the display to that shown in FIG. 5.  
         [0072]    In addition, an appropriate button, such as the education button, can be clicked on to display self-management and adherence assessment display screen  310  as shown in FIG. 18 that includes boxes  312  through  334  which provide questions for the patient to answer and recommendations for the patient and will process those questions. Furthermore, the healthcare provider can click on the complications buttons to be able to diagnose whether or not the patent is developing any complications and then treatment pathways can provide guidance on their treatment For example, by clicking on the complication button, the workstation  110  can display a hypertension and diagnosis display screen  340  as shown in FIG. 19. The hypertension diagnosis display screen  340  includes boxes  342  through  362  which assist a healthcare provider in determining whether or not the patient is developing hypertension. For example, box  342  indicates that the patient with Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes can be suffering from hypertension, and subsequent box  344  instructs the healthcare provider to measure blood pressure and review previous blood pressure values. Box  346  provides blood pressure measurement guidelines. In addition, if the healthcare provider clicks on the box “R” in box  346 , the workstation will display a dropdown box showing normal blood pressure range and diabetes blood pressure ranges as shown in FIG. 20.  
         [0073]    The additional boxes in display screen  340  similarly ask the healthcare provider questions to assist the healthcare provider with the diagnosis. If the healthcare provider reaches box  362 , a recommendation is give to diagnose the patient with hypertension. The healthcare provider can then click on the hyper tension-start treatment term in box  362  to display a hypertension drug therapy start display screen  370  as shown in FIG. 21. The hypertension drug therapy start display screen  370  includes boxes  372  through  384  which provide recommendation for hypertension therapy treatment to the healthcare provider. The healthcare provider can also click on a hypertension drug therapy adjust term in box  380  to cause the workstation  110  to display a hypertension drug therapy adjustment screen (not shown) to adjust the hypertension therapy drugs and treatment.  
         [0074]    Returning to FIG. 6, the button column  133  also enables the healthcare provider to display a diagnosis screen as shown in FIG. 22, a patient basic intake screen is drawn in FIG. 23, and a print screen as shown in FIG. 24.  
         [0075]    [0075]FIGS. 25 and 26 illustrate variations in the manner in which the system and method according to another embodiment of the present invention can control the workstation  110  to display display screens having different arrangements of the information and pathways discussed above. For example, when the healthcare provider accesses the database  104  via, for example, a healthcare provider workstation  106 , the computer  102  can access the database  104  and provide a data to the workstation  106  that enables the workstation  106  to generate a display  400  on its display screen as shown in FIG. 25.  
         [0076]    Similar to the display  130  shown in FIG. 5, the display  400  includes a listing of patient names. However, unlike display  130 , display  400  lists the names chronologically by order of appointment time. In addition, display provides certain patient information associated with the patient&#39;s name. For example, the patient&#39;s HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL readings are displayed) if known), along with an indication as to whether the patient is a smoker. The display  400  can be configured to include any other patient-related information as deemed appropriate.  
         [0077]    As with screen  130 , if the healthcare provider is interested in using the system and method to obtain a diagnosis and treatment for a particular patient, the healthcare provider can use, for example, the mouse at his or her workstation  106  to click on the name of interest. This action causes the web browser to generate a display  402  illustrating a screening and diagnosis pathway for the patient, as shown in FIG. 26. In this example, display  402  shows a “Type 2 Insulin Adjust” pathway for illustrative purposes. However, it should be understood that the system and method can be configured so that the web browser initially displays, for example, a screening and diagnosis display screen, or any other suitable type of display and pathway.  
         [0078]    As indicated, display  402  includes a pathway section  404  which, like the other pathways described above, includes a pathway comprising a plurality of boxes  406  through  422  setting forth guidelines that assist a health care provider is treating the patient. Also, like the other pathways described above, pathway section  404  highlights the patient&#39;s conditions based on the patient data. In other words, pathway section  404  also integrates the patient data with the guidelines. For example, because the patient has nocturnal hypoglycemia, the term “nocturnal hypoglycemia” is conscripted by a highlighted rectangle in box  406  as a consequence of the SMBG data presented on the left side of the screen. Likewise, because the patient&#39;s SMBG and/or HbA1c is within the target range, the term “in target range” is conscripted by a highlighted rectangle in box  412 . The health care provider can therefore use this information in the guidelines in conjunction with the actual values, to determine a course of treatment for the patient in a manner similar to that discussed above.  
         [0079]    In addition, display  402  includes a patient data section  408  that displays patient data such as the patient&#39;s HbA1c reading, blood pressure (BP) reading, and so on. Display  402  also includes a data views section  410  that provides an indication of the type of data view that is currently being displayed in the data view section  412 . In this example, the data view being displayed is a 30 day Modal of SMBG, as indicted. The healthcare provider can click on one of the other options, such as the “7 day logbook”, in the data views section  410  to display the 7 day logbook relating to the patient in the data view section  412 . The Diagnosis &amp; Pathways section  414  indicates the type of pathway that is being displayed in the pathway section  404 . In this case, the Type 2 Insulin Adjust pathway is being displayed, as indicated. The healthcare provider can select a different pathway for display, such as the “Complication 1” pathway, and so on, by clicking on the appropriate term in the Diagnosis &amp; Pathways section  414 . The Current Therapies section  416  indicates the type of therapy (e.g., insulin) that the patient is undergoing.  
         [0080]    As further shown in FIG. 26, the display  402  includes buttons including the terms “Type 1 Diabetes”, “Gestational”, and so on, which extend vertically on opposite sides of the pathway section  404 . As with the buttons in button column  133  as discussed above, the healthcare provider can click on any of these buttons to display a pathway pertaining to the term indicated on the button being selected. For example, if the healthcare provider clicks on the “Type 1 Diabetes” button, the display  402  will display a pathway showing guidelines for treating Type 1 diabetes. In this event, the terms displayed in the Diagnosis &amp; Pathways section  414  will also change to reflect the pathway being displayed in the pathway section  404 . Additionally, the data variables being presented on the left screen half may also change to those relevant specifically to the new flow chart Pathway being accessed.  
         [0081]    As further indicated in FIG. 26, display  402  includes an Education Checklist section  418  that can include a list of education that any patient should have for any pathway. For example, for the Type 2 Insulin Adjust pathway being displayed in pathway section  404 , the healthcare provider can click on the Education Checklist section  418  to display a dropdown menu indicating recommended patient education, such as self-monitoring education, for that particular pathway. The display  402  also includes a subjective-objective assessment and plan (SOAP) section in which can be displayed notes that are entered by the healthcare provider, along with patient data, and so on.  
         [0082]    As stated above the above system and method deem not be limited to the treatment of diabetes, but rather can be applied to any medical treatment as can be appreciated by one skilled in the art.  
         [0083]    Although only a few exemplary embodiments of this invention have been described in detail above, those skilled in the art will readily appreciate that many modifications are possible in the exemplary embodiments of that material and departing from the novel teachings and advantages of this invention. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of this invention as defined in the following claims.