Abstract:
The present invention relates to scissor action tools which comprise first and second cutting elements pivotable about a first joint in a first plane of movement and first and second hand levers pivotable about a second joint in a second plane of movement. One end of the first cutting element is pivotally connected to one end of the first hand lever at a third joint and one end of the second cutting element is pivotally connected to one end of the second hand lever at a fourth joint, a line connecting the third and fourth joint forming a meeting line between the first and second plane of movement. The third and fourth joint allow the angle between the first and second plane of movement to be adjusted.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a scissor action tool and more particularly to garden shears or the like which are especially suitable for cutting grass but can also cut thin branches and hedges, and are provided with a pair of cooperatively engaging cutting elements united for scissor action about a joint. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The nearest prior art for the present invention is represented by long-arm tools with scissor-type function, used primarily for cutting grass and straws at the level of the ground surface, the user being in a standing position. It is to be noted, for the sake of clarity, that such grass cutters are used, above all, in finishing cuttings around trees, stones or the like objects. 
     In practice, these kinds of tools comprise a pair of blades which are pivoted to move relative to each other in a scissor-like manner relative to one pivotal point. The hand levers of the scissors have long arms to such an extent that the user can cut grass without having to bend down. Further, handle bars are typically positioned at the end of the arms in a horizontal position. To enable cutting with the tool in the first place, the pivotal point between the blades must be in a horizontal direction sufficiently far from the hand levers. This distance is the lever arm by means of which the blades can be subjected to shear force. In practice, the arms will thus be located for example at an angle of 45 degrees relative to the horizontal plane, the actual blades and correspondingly the handle bars being in a substantially horizontal plane. 
     This geometry causes two problems. Firstly, the bolt forming the pivotal point in practice is subjected to adverse and, as regards the cutting, unnecessary torque, which is brought about by the force moving the handle bars towards each other multiplied by the vertical distance between the pivotal point and the hand levers. In order for the structure to be able to bear this torque, it must be made unduly heavy. Secondly, the structure brings about torque in the handle bars, due to the center of mass of the cutters being clearly on the front side of the handle bars, in practice often relatively close to the pivotal point of the blades. Resisting this torque causes static tension in the user&#39;s wrists, which easily makes it heavy and unpleasant to use a tool of this kind. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a scissor action tool as described above, particularly long-arm multi-purpose garden scissors which do not have the above problems relating to the conventional design. This object is achieved by providing a scissor action tool, comprising first and second cutting elements pivotable about a first joint in a first plane of movement, first and second hand levers pivotable about a second joint in a second plane of movement, one end of said first cutting element being pivotally connected to one end of said first hand lever at a third joint and one end of said second cutting element being pivotally connected to one end of said second hand lever at a fourth joint, a line connecting said third and fourth joint forming a meeting line between said first and second plane of movement and said third and fourth joint allowing the angle between said first and second plane of movement to be adjusted. 
     The structure utilized in the tool according to the invention allows adjustment of the angle between the arms and the blades, whereby, for example, an angle of 90 degrees may be used when grass is cut, in which case torque straining the user&#39;s hands is not generated at all, because the center of mass is directly downwards from the user&#39;s hands. The above-mentioned property of the tool according to the invention is facilitated by the fact that said first and second hand levers comprise at one end handle bars extending at an approximately right angle from the hand levers. 
     A preferred way to implement a pivotal point in which the blades and arms are joined to each other is to implement the structure in such a way that said third and fourth joint each comprises a cylindrical seat attached to said one end of one of said hand levers and having an axis parallel to said second plane of movement, a first insert received by said seat, having a cylindrical contour co-operating with the inner surface of said seat and an end surface facing outwards from said seat, and provided with a cylindrical boring going through said first insert transverse to the axis of said cylindrical contour of said first insert and opening to said end surface of said first insert, a second insert received by said cylindrical boring of said first insert, having a cylindrical contour co-operating with the inner surface of said boring, and provided with a longitudinal slot for receiving said one end of one of said cutting elements, said end being provided with a hole, and with a transverse hole for receiving a pin extending through said hole in said cutting element to lock said cutting element pivotably in said slot. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     In the following the invention will be described in greater detail by means of preferred embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, in which 
     FIG. 1 shows schematically the operating principle of the tool of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the scissor action tool according to the invention in a sideview showing some of the positions in which the cutting elements can be adjusted; 
     FIG. 3 shows the joints of the tool of FIG. 2 in a disassembled state; and 
     FIG. 4 shows the joints of the tool according to FIG. 1 in an assembled state. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 illustrates the principle structure of a tool according to the invention with the intention to illustrate its pivotal structure in particular. The tool comprises operating arms  5  and  6 , which are pivoted to move relative to each other in a scissor-like manner relative to the pivotal point  7 . The arms  5  and  6  are at one end pivoted to blade elements  1  and  2  at pivotal points  3  and  4 . Those sections of the operating arms  5  and  6  on the side of the user at the pivotal point  7  at the ends of which the operating hand levers (not shown in FIG. 1) will be located, are substantially longer than those sections of the arms at the ends of which the arms are joined to the blade elements  1  and  2 . In this way, the lever arms operating the blades can be made long compared with the distance between the joint  7  and the pivotal points  3  and  4 , whereby a good shear force is achieved. The blade elements  1  and  2  are pivoted in a scissor-like manner to each other by the pivotal point  28 . 
     As shown in FIG. 1, the operating arms  5  and  6  move in one plane around the pivotal point  7 , and the blade elements  1  and  2  move in another plane around the pivotal point  28 . According to the basic idea of the invention, the joints  3  and  4  allow the angle between these two planes to be adjusted in almost any position around the imaginary axis L between the pivotal points  3  and  4 . The angle is only limited by practical aspects, which prevent the blade elements to be adjusted totally in the direction of the arms  5  and  6  in both extreme positions. In what is regarded as the most preferred embodiment of the invention, the joints  3  and  4  are made in such way eccentric that, as will be described in more detail in connection with FIGS. 2 to  4 , the blade elements can be turned in one extreme position against the arms  5  and  6  to achieve a practical storing position. 
     Adjustment positions of the angle between the arms  5  and  6  and the blade elements  1  and  2  and consequent details will now be described in greater detail with reference to FIG.  2 . FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the tool according to the invention seen as a side view in such a way that the different position options are indicated. The scissors illustrated in FIG. 2 comprise first and second cutting. elements, i.e. scissor-like blades  1  and  2 , which are pivoted to turn around the pivotal point  28  in a scissor-like manner relative to each other. These blade elements are joined at one end to the pivotal point  3  and correspondingly  4 , which connect the blades to the operating arms  5  and correspondingly  6 . The operating arms are also pivoted at one pivotal point  7  to be pivotally connected to each other. The handle bars  8  and  9  are connected to the ends facing away from the blades  1  and  2  of the operating arms. These handle bars  8  and  9  protrude from the operating arms  5  and  6  in a substantially perpendicular direction. 
     The usual position of the blades  1  and  2  relative to the operating arms  5  and  6  is position C indicated by an unbroken line in FIG. 2, in which position the blades protrude in a substantially perpendicular direction from the operating arms  5  and  6 . Hereby, the handle bars  8  and  9  protrude from the arms  5  and  6  to the same side and in the same direction as the cutting elements  1  and  2 . Thus, when the tool is supported by handle bars  8  and  9  in such a way that they point away from the user, i.e. the user also naturally stands facing away from the blades  1  and  2 , the center of mass of the tool is located directly below the handle bars  8 . In this way, the hands supporting the tool are not subjected to torque due to the weight of the tool. 
     In FIG. 2, different positions of the blade elements  1  and  2  are indicated by letters A . . . G. As became clear from the above, the usual operating position is position C. In this position, as described above, it is possible to cut grass and straws at the level of the ground surface or close to it also in a position close to the ground surface without the joints  3  and  4  hindering it. As becomes obvious from FIG. 2, the blades are connected to the pivotal points  3  and  4  eccentrically in such a way that in position C they are closer to the ground surface than in position G, in which they point to the opposite direction. Said position G is therefore most suitably used when the intention is to cut grass, straws or the like somewhat higher relative to the ground surface. It is to be noted that in this case the user naturally stands on the side of the hand levers  8  of the tool so as not to injure his/her legs. 
     Position A of the blades, in which the blades point in the direction of the arms  5  and  6  on the side of the hand levers is most suitable in the storage of the tool. Position B or the positions close to it between positions A and C are applicable for instance when the ground surface in front of the user rises more or less steeply upwards, whereby the blades can be positioned in accordance with the corresponding angle of inclination. Position D, which points to some extent downwards and in which the angle between the arms  5  and  6  and the blades  1  and  2  is about 120°, is correspondingly relevant when the ground in front of the user slopes downwards, such as at the edge of a ditch. Position E, in which the blades form an extension to the arms  5  and  6 , is applicable for example when it is desirable to cut objects that are relatively far away, such as thin branches of bushes or trees. Position F, in which the angle between the arms and the blades is about 210° could be relevant for example when it is desirable to trim tops of a relatively high hedge, whereby the tool is directed slightly diagonally upwards, it being still desirable for the blades to be located in a horizontal position. 
     The positions A to G are shown only for illustrative reasons, and in practice the blades can be adjusted and locked in any desirable position. 
     As became obvious from the above, the possibility to adjust the plane of movement of the blades at different angles relative to the plane of movement of the hand levers allows a wide variety of objects of use for the tool. This construction also avoids those problems according to the prior art that are related to torque being directed at the user&#39;s hands, or to part of the force being directed at the pivotal point between the blades, turning it. In the solution according to the invention, the force is conveyed directly to the pivotal points  3  and  4  through the pivotal point  7 , from where it is conveyed to the blades  1  and  2  without there being any torque that would be directed at some pivotal point in a plane other than its normal plane of movement. 
     FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate in more detail the structure of the kind of tool shown in FIG. 2, as regards the blades and the pivotal points close to them. The arms  5  and  6  and the handle bars  8  and  9  connected thereto are not shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. Also in practice, the tool is most preferably assembled in such a way that the operating arms  5  and  6  are tubular and they are pushed onto sleeves  10  and  11  shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. The sleeves  10  and  11 , which in other words are received by the operating arms  5  and  6 , are pivoted to each other at the pivotal point  7  with a journal  12 . The pivotal point  7  is formed of planar pieces  13  and  14  connected to the sleeves  10  and  11  and covering a sector of about 230° of a circle, the pieces being arranged upon each other and connected to each other by means of the journal  12  inserted through the holes at the center thereof. In order to limit the turning of the pivotal point, both pieces  13  and  14  are provided with sections  15  and  16  protruding from the plane of the pieces  13  and  14  and covering a sector of about 80°, which, when the planar pieces  13  and  14  are turned around the pivotal point relative to each other, limit the rotational angle of the joint. This kind of secure limitation of the rotational angle is necessary so that accurate extreme points are achieved for the movement of the blades  1  and  2 . 
     Cylindrical seats  17  and  18  are placed at a relatively short distance away from the planar pieces  13  and  14  by arms  29  and  30 , the center axes of which seats are located in the plane of movement of the operating arms  5  and  6  and which form part of those joints  3  and  4  via which the plane of movement of the operating arms  5  and  6  and the plane of movement of the blades  1  and  2  are pivoted to each other. The structure of these joints  3  and  4  is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3, in particular. The figure indicates that at first, an insert  19  having a cylindrical contour is taken into the inside of the cylindrical seat  17 , which insert has a cylindrical boring  31  in a perpendicular direction relative to its cylinder axis, into which, in turn, a second cylindrical insert  20  is positioned. The boring for this cylindrical insert  20  has been made in the insert  19  in such a way that part of this boring opens to the end surface of the insert  20 , which faces outwards from the cylindrical seat  17 . Thus, the insert  20  having been taken into the insert  19 , part of it can be seen through the end surface of the insert  19 . A slot  21  has been made for this visible part of the insert  20 , the slot being arranged to receive the end of a blade facing outwards from the sharpened section of the blade, in FIG. 3 the end  22  of the blade  2 . The insert  20  is also provided with a hole  24  transverse relative to the slot  21 . 
     The structure is assembled in such a way that the end  22  of the blade  2  is taken into the inside of the slot  21  of the insert  20  and locked there by taking a pin  25  through the insert  24 , whereby it also goes through the hole  23  in the blade. In practice, the pin  25  has to be tight relative to the insert  20  and loose relative to the blade  23 , whereby the blade can turn relative to the pin  25 . After this, the insert  20  is taken into the cylindrical boring  31  of the insert  19 , the insert  19  being positioned in the cylindrical seat  17  and locked there by means of a locking nut  27  and a screw (not shown) taken through the bottom of the seat  17 . When the locking nut is loosened, the insert  19  can be turned relative to the seat  17  and in this way adjust the position of the blades relative to the operating arms. By tightening the locking nut the blades can be locked in a desired position. The end surfaces of the seat  17  and the insert  19  positioned against each other can be provided with cogging  26 , which ensures that the blades are locked in a desired angle position without a need to turn the locking nut unreasonably tight. 
     The cylindrical seat  18  and the pivotal point formed thereby are identical with the pivotal point formed by the seat  17 , but the pivotal point formed by the seat  18  does not comprise a locking nut but only a spring biased screw  32  driven through the bottom of the seat and retaining the insert  19  inside the seat  18 . The screw  32  is tightened in such a degree that the spring biasing allows the insert  19  to turn inside the seat  19 . 
     The parts shown above in FIG. 3 are illustrated assembled in FIG.  4 . On the basis of FIG. 4, it can be noted that the insert  19  can turn inside the cylindrical seat  17  and correspondingly  18 , enabling changing of the plane of movement of the blades  1  and  2 , indicated by arrow J in FIG. 4, relative to the plane of movement of the sleeves  10  and  11  and the operating arms connected thereto, indicated by arrow H in FIG.  4 . The insert  20 , in turn, allows the angle of the blades  1  and  2  to be changed relative to the cylindrical seats  17  and  18  when the seats  17  and  18  go apart from or come towards each other, i.e. when the sleeves  10  and  11  are made go apart or come towards each other. In this way, a situation is avoided where the mechanism would direct torsion at the journal  28  pivoting the blades  1  and  2  to each other. 
     Above, the scissor action tool according to the invention has only been described referring to one exemplary embodiment, and it is to be understood that a plurality of structural modifications may be made thereto without substantially diverging from the scope defined in the attached claims.