Abstract:
A heat-shrinkable tube for use in forming a connection part for shielded polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables. The heat-shrinkable tube comprises an integrated assembly of two cylindrical heat-shrinkable semiconductive members arranged end-to-end and surrounded and joined at the adjacent ends thereof by an insulation material. The shrink ratio of a narrow region of the heat-shrinkable tube defined by the adjacent ends and joining insulation material is smaller than that of the remainder of the tube. The adjacent ends of the cylindrical members may partially overlap each other, and a portion of each adjacent end may be folded back upon itself to produce a rounded shape for avoiding concentration of the electric field.

Description:
This is a Division of application Ser. No. 168,228, filed July 10, 1980, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a heat-shrinkable tube for use in forming a connection part for shielded polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Recently, cross-linked polyethylene insulated electrical wires and cables have tended to be used at much higher voltages, and accompanied with this tendency further improved reliability of connection parts for cross-linked polyethylene insulated electrical wires and cables is required. For this purpose, it has been heretofore proposed to use so-called molded connection parts, which are obtained by applying a reinforcing insulation layer made of rubber, plastics, etc., around a connection part of an electrical wire or cable and heat molding this assembly under pressure to cause the reinforcing insulation layer to form an integrated unit with the insulation layer of the cable. 
     On the other hand, there has also been a recent tendency that in the practical application of these molded connection parts of wires and cables, coverage of distances much longer than ever before are encountered and therefore it has become increasingly necessary to provide an insulated connection part in which a specific insulated portion, i.e., an insulated portion having a specific structure consisting of two shielding members (outer semiconductive members) combined with each other through an insulation material, is provided. Heretofore, conventional methods for forming molded connection parts for cross-linked polyethylene insulated electrical wires or cables have generally comprised applying a reinforcing layer around the insulated connection part by winding a tape made of polyethylene containing a cross-linking agent or cross-linked polyethylene, or alternatively pouring such cross-linking agent containing polyethylene or cross-linked polyethylene into a metal mold provided around the connection part, winding around the thus-provided reinforcing layer a tape of a semiconductive material, and then a tape of an insulating material, to thereby form a specific insulated portion. Since these conventional methods require heat molding of the connection part as a whole simultaneously after providing the semiconductor and the specific insulated portion, they may produce many defects. For example, the tip of the outer semiconductive layer in the specific insulated portion can be fluidized or deformed to form a sharp protrusion, and the interface between the reinforcing insulation layer and the connection part can undulate and lose smoothness such that the electrical wire or cable cannot provide satisfactory electrical properties. 
     In order to eliminate the above-described disadvantages, a method has heretofore been proposed which comprises grinding the surface of the reinforcing insulation layer after heat molding to smooth it, winding a tape of semiconductive material around a reinforcing layer on one conductor in a region extending from one end of the reinforcing layer to the center thereof and then winding a tape of an insulating material around the end of the wound tape of the semiconductive layer to thereby form a specific insulated portion, and winding a tape of semiconductive material around the other conductor. This method, however, is disadvantageous in that molding takes a rather long time. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of this invention is, therefore, to overcome the above-described defects and to provide good molded connection parts for electrical wires and cables. 
     As a result of extensive research it has been found that a connection part of cross-linked polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables having excellent electrical properties can be obtained in a reduced working period by providing on a cross-linkable reinforcing layer a heat shrinkable tube having a construction of a specific insulated portion (i.e., an insulated portion having a specific structure consisting of two cylindrical heat shrinkable semiconductive members combined with each other through an insulation material), heating the tube to shrink and snugly enclose the reinforcing layer, and then heat molding the reinforcing insulation layer to effect cross-linking. 
     This invention is based on the above finding and provides, among other things, a heat-shrinkable tube comprising an integrated assembly of two cylindrical heat-shrinkable semiconductive members arranged end-to-end, and a specific insulated portion consisting of the two cylindrical heat-shrinkable semiconductive members surrounded and joined at their adjacent ends by an insulation material. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an insulated connection part obtainable according to this invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view of the upper half of a heat shrinkable tube according to this invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of a heat-shrinkable tube according to this invention with a portion thereof cut away to illustrate the interior structure of the tube. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     With reference to the FIGS. 1 and 2 this invention will be described in greater detail hereinbelow. 
     On a connection part 1 of a conductor is applied an inner semiconductive layer 2, and then a reinforcing insulation layer 3 is provided on the inner semiconductive layer 2. As a material for producing the reinforcing insulation layer 3, polyolefins that are employed conventionally in cable insulation can be used, such as polyethylene, uncross-linked polyethylene containing a cross-linking agent such as dicumyl peroxide, ethylene/propylene copolymers, etc. These materials can be applied in the form of a tape by winding it around the inner semiconductor, or alternatively they can be applied by pouring into a metal mold (not shown) placed around the inner semiconductive layer 2. It is preferred to apply the reinforcing material by pouring into a metal mold, since the surface of the reinforcing insulation layer is thus rendered smooth, and the interface between the outer semiconductive members 4, 4&#39; and a specific insulated portion 5 becomes smoother. 
     On the thus-formed reinforcing insulation layer 3 is placed a heat shrinkable tube 6 comprising the outer semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; and the specific insulated portion 5 and the tube 6 is heat shrunk using a burner, torch lamp, or similar conventional heating means. Thereafter, the whole assembly of connection parts is heated under pressure to cause the reinforcing insulation layer 3, inner semiconductive layer 2, cable insulator 7 and heat shrinkable tube 6 to become integrated with each other, thereby forming an insulated connection part for cross-linked polyolefin insulated electrical wires or cables. 
     With respect to the heat shrinkable tube 6 used in this invention tips 8 and 8&#39; of the semiconductive members in the specific insulated portion 5 are formed in a round shape in order to avoid concentration of the electric field. Preferably, the tips 8 and 8&#39; may be folded as shown in FIG. 2. Examples of materials for the specific insulated portion 5 include thermoplastic resins which can adhere to the reinforcing insulation layer 3, such as polyethylene, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-propylene copolymers, etc., since it is desirable to bond the specific insulated portion 5 to the reinforcing insulation layer 3 in order for the resulting electrical wires or cables to have satisfactory electric properties. 
     A mixture of the above-described thermoplastic resin and carbon black can be used as a material for producing the outer semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39;. 
     The heat shrinkable tube 6 can be produced as follows. First, a semiconductive heat shrinkable tube member 4 is formed by bombarding electron beams onto a tube made of the above-described semiconductive material, or by heating a tube of semiconductive material, or by heating a tube of semiconductive material containing a cross-linking agent, to effect cross-linking, and then heating the cross-linked material at a temperature higher than the softening point thereof to endow heat-shrinkability to the material thereby obtaining a semiconductive heat shrinkable member. Then, two heat shrinkable tube members 4 and 4&#39; thus-produced are combined with each other through the specific insulated portion 5 comprising the above-described insulating material so as to form an assembly of the outer semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; with the specific insulated portion 5. Preferably, the tips 8 and 8&#39; of the semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; in the specific insulated portion may overlap each other. The assembly is then placed around a metal pipe having a diameter larger than that of the reinforcing insulation layer 3 and heated to form an integrated unit which retains heat-shrinkability. 
     More particularly, a heat shrinkable tube according to a preferred embodiment of this invention is produced as follows. 
     A tube having an inner diameter of 25 mm and a thickness of 2 mm is extrusion molded using a semiconductive polyethylene blended with carbon black and expanded so as to have an inner diameter of 70 mm after it is bombarded with electron beams at an intensity of 15 Mrad. A tube member 30 cm in length is cut out of this tube and one end 9 thereof is folded in a length of 5 cm as shown in FIG. 2. The thus-obtained tube member 4 is placed over the surface of a longitudinally split half pipe of aluminum pipe 10 and is heated using a torch lamp (not shown) to effect shrinking. 
     Then, a cross-linked polyethylene tape which has preliminarily been elongated longitudinally is wound around the folded end 9 of the tube and the surface of the aluminum pipe adjacent thereto to a thickness of about 3 mm. 
     Further, another semiconductive heat shrinkable tube member 4&#39; having one end 9&#39; thereof folded in the same manner as above is placed so that it covers a part of the portion on which cross-linked polyethylene is wound and the aluminum pipe. The thus-formed assembly on the aluminum pipe is then heated using a torch lamp to cause shrinkage. After the whole assembly is heated at 150° C. for 30 minutes to form an integrated unit, the aluminum pipe is removed to obtain a heat shrinkable tube of this invention. 
     It is preferred to further bombard electron beams onto the heat shrinkable tube thus-obtained in a narrow region thereof, including the specific insulated portion 5, at an intensity of 20 Mrad, in order to render the shrink ratio of the region including the specific insulated portion 5 smaller than the shrink ratio of the remainder of the heat shrinkable tube. 
     Since, in the heat shrinkable tube 6 according to this invention, the semiconductive members 4 and 4&#39; and the specific insulated portion 5 together form an integrated unit preliminarily before use, there is no occurrence of disadvantageous phenomenon such as that the tip of the outer semiconductive member in the specific insulated portion is fluidized or deformed to form a sharp protrusion leading to deteriorated electrical properties which would often be encountered in the conventional method in which an outer semiconductive member and the specific insulated portion are formed by winding uncross-linked polyethylene tape around the reinforcing insulation layer and these members are heat molded simultaneously together with the reinforcing insulation material. 
     In addition to the above, insulated electrical wires and cables produced in accordance with this invention have another advantage. That is, in the heat shrinkable tube according to this invention, the shrink ratio of the specific insulated portion and the neighboring region is made smaller than the shrink ratio of the remainder of the heat shrinkable tube, and as a result this invention is free of the problem of shape retention at the connecting part of the wires or cables, and the problem wherein the tip of the outer semiconductive layer in the specific insulated portion penetrates into the reinforcing insulation layer, which would be observed in the case wherein the outer semiconductive layer and the specific insulated portion are formed by placing first a semiconductive heat shrinkable tube and then an insulating heat shrinkable tube on the reinforcing insulation layer, whereafter both tubes are heat molded simultaneously together with the reinforcing insulation layer. 
     Further, when the reinforcing insulation layer made of a cross-linking agent containing thermoplastic resin, e.g., polyethylene, is heat treated to cross-link it and then first a semiconductive heat shrinkable tube followed by an insulating heat shrinkable tube are provided on the reinforcing insulation layer, followed by heating, penetration of the tip of the outer semiconductive layer in the specific insulated portion into the reinforcing insulation layer can be prevented. However, this method takes a relatively long time to connect the cable since heat molding is conducted twice. Nevertheless, this embodiment can reduce time for working or connecting electrical wires or cables since the heat shrinkable tube can be heat molded together with the reinforcing insulation layer simultaneously after the former is placed on the latter. 
     In this invention, it is for the purpose of preventing the occurrence of voids that heating of the connection part of electrical wires or cables is performed under pressure. 
     As a means for pressurization a method can be used in which the connection part is sealed in a pressurizing container and a gas, or oil or similar fluid is introduced under pressure, or a method can be used in which tension generated by winding the vulcanized rubber tape strongly around the connection part of the electrical wire or cable is used to create pressure. Of these methods the use of a pressurizing container and an inert gas such as nitrogen gas for pressurization is preferred, since the period of time required for heat molding can be shortened and at the same time it is possible to form a smooth finish on the surface of the connection part of the electrical wire or cable. A further advantage of this method is that there is no danger that the gas for pressurization will be incorporated in the reinforcing insulation layer since the reinforcing insulation layer is covered by the heat shrinkable tube, and that it is unnecessary to wipe out oils after heat molding. Thus, this invention fully utilizes the advantages derived by the use of heat shrinkable tubes. 
     EXAMPLES 1-3 AND COMPARISON EXAMPLES 1-5 
     In order to demonstrate the effects of this invention comparison was made between this invention (Examples 1 to 3) and conventional methods (Comparison Examples 1 to 5) as described below. 
     Insulated connection parts were formed using a cross-linked polyethylene insulated cable having a conductor of cross section of 150 mm 2  and an insulation layer of 7 mm in thickness according to the methods shown in Table 1 below. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________           Comparison                    Comparison                             Comparison                                      ComparisonCable Connection Method           Example 1                    Example 2                             Example 3                                      Example 4__________________________________________________________________________Reinforcing Insulation           Poured into a                    Poured into                             Tape Wound                                      Tape WoundLayer (thickness: 10 mm)           Metal Mold                    a Metal MoldOuter Semiconductive           Tape Wound                    Tape Wound                             Semiconductive                                      SemiconductiveMember or Layer                   Heat Shrinkable                                      Heat Shrinkable                             Tube     TubeSpecific Insulated Portion           Tape Wound                    Tape Wound                             Insulating Heat                                      Insulating Heat(thickness: 3 mm                  Shrinkable Tube                                      Shrinkable Tubelength: 30 mm)Heat MoldingReinforcing Insulation           Shaped Simulta-                    Vulcanized                             Shaped Simulta-                                      Under NitrogenLayer           neously, Vulcan-                    Tape Wound                             neously, at                                      Gas Pressure           ized Tape Wound                    210° C. for                             210° C. for 2                                      210° C. for 2           *1 210° C. for 4                    4 Hours  Hours under                                      Hours           Hours             Nitrogen Gas                             Pressure *2Outer Semiconductive           (see above)                    Vulcanized                             (see above)                                      Under NitrogenMember or Layer Provided with                    Tape Wound        Gas PressureSpecific Insulated       210° C. for                                      210° C. for 2Portion                  2 Hours           HoursReinforcing Insulation           Poured into a                    Tape Wound                             Poured into a                                      Poured into aLayer (thickness: 10 mm)           Metal Mold        Metal Mold                                      Metal MoldOuter Semiconductive           Semiconductive                    Heat Shrinkable                             Heat Shrinkable                                      Heat ShrinkableMember or Layer Heat Shrinkable                    Tube Consisting                             Tube Consisting                                      Tube Consisting           Tube     of an Integrated                             of an Integrated                                      of an Integrated                    Unit of Outer                             Unit of Outer                                      Unit of Outer                    Semiconductive                             Semiconductive                                      Semiconductive                    Member and                             Member and                                      Member and                    Specific Insu-                             Specific Insu-                                      Specific Insu-                    lated Portion                             lated Portion                                      lated PortionSpecific Insulated           Insulating Heat                    (see above)                             (see above)                                      (see above)Portion (thickness:           Shrinkable Tube3 mm, length: 30 mm)Heat MoldingReinforcing Insula-           Shaped Simulta-                    Shaped Simulta-                             Shaped Simulta-                                      Shaped Simulta-tion Layer      neously at 210° C.                    neously at 210° C.                             neously, neously at 210° C.           for 2 Hours                    for 2 Hours                             Vulcanized Tape                                      for 2 Hours           under Nitrogen                    under Nitrogen                             Wound at 210° C.                                      under Nitrogen           Gas Pressure                    Gas Pressure                             for 4 Hours                                      Gas PressureOuter Semiconductive           (see above)                    (see above)                             (see above)                                      (see above)Member or Layer Provided withSpecific InsulatedPortion__________________________________________________________________________ Note: *1 Vulcanized tape wound: Vulcanized SBR rubber tape was elongated 10% an wound to a thickess of 10 mm to effect pressurization. *2 Nitrogen gas pressure: Pressurization was performed at a pressure of 5 kg/cm.sup.2 using a pressurizable container. 
    
     The appearance of the surface, condition of the tip of the outer semiconductive member on layer in the specific insulated portion, and AC initial breakdown value were compared and the results obtained are shown in Table 2 below. 
     
                                           TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________             Comparison                      Comparison                              Comparison                                      ComparisonResults           Example 1                      Example 2                              Example 3                                      Example 4__________________________________________________________________________State of Interface between             Uneven   Uneven  Rather  SmoothReinforcing Insulation             UnevenLayer and Outer Semiconduc-tive Member or LayerState of Tip of Outer             Protrusion                      No Protrusion                              Protrusion                                      No ProtrusionSemiconductive Member or Layer in  PenetratingSpecific Insulated Portion         into                              Reinforcing                              Insulation                              LayerAC Initial Break Down Value             80 KV    160 KV  110 KV  170 KVState of Interface between             Smooth   Rather Uneven                              Uneven  SmoothReinforcing InsulationLayer and Outer Semiconduc-tive Member or LayerState of Tip of Outer             Protrusion                      No Protrusion                              No Protrusion                                      No ProtrusionSemiconductive Member or Layer in             Penetrating intoSpecific Insulated Portion             the Reinforcing             Insulation LayerAC Initial Break Down Value             120 KV   190 KV  180 KV  230 KV__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     From the results shown in Table 2 above, it can be seen that forming insulated connection parts according to this invention as in Examples 1 to 3 is superior to the conventional methods as in Comparison Examples 2 and 4 in that this invention enables one to form the parts in a much shortened period of time, and in that this invention can prevent the occurrence of protrusion formed by fluidization or deformation of the tip of the outer semiconductive layer in the specific insulated portion, which was observed in Comparison Example 1 or penetration of the tip of the outer semiconductive layer in the specific insulated portion into the reinforcing insulation layer, which was encountered in Comparison Examples 3 and 5. Thus, this invention can provide a cable connection having improved electrical properties. 
     While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.