Abstract:
The present invention relates to an electric motorcycle realized so that it can be subjected to a simple maintenance process. Such motorcycle is realized so that all the components at major risk of failure or deterioration are grouped in an unique compact and easily removable block called “block of electric components”. Moreover, the structure of the same motorcycle is conceived so that the extraction of said “block of electric components”, even if it is bulky and heavy, results simple and that it is also reduced at minimum the risk that such operation occurs in an incorrect way, or that it can provide other kinds of damage. All this aims at making the motorcycle maintenance and the restoration of its full function possible also at not specialized sites.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0002]    The application field of the present invention relates generally the evolution of electric motorcycles. 
         [0003]    In particular, the invention relates to a preferred embodiment of an electric motorcycle model provided with particular structural features which make said motorcycles maintenance efficient. 
         [0004]    2. Brief Description of the Prior Art 
         [0005]    Generally, the electric supply of vehicles has recently remarkably developed owing to the increasing cost of internal combustion engines fuel, and above all, owing to the emission of carbon dioxide and other pollutants produced by the internal combustion engines, which represent a serious cause of air pollution, a phenomenon, that everyone wants to be solved rapidly. 
         [0006]    Therefore the evolution of traditional vehicles towards electric supplied vehicles should be a trend destined to be confirmed and strengthened but however there are still many difficulties which impede its development. 
         [0007]    In particular, the more important technical problems are concentrated on:
       the development and setting up of more efficient and economic energy accumulation technologies,   the charge management systems of said systems,   the electronic controls needed for a suitable vehicle function and—the general supply and maintenance processes.       
 
         [0011]    Concerning the other technical components needed for realizing electric vehicles, there seems not to be particular problems. In fact, concerning the electric motors, it is possible to rely on very mature technologies able to work in the operative conditions required in the locomotive field. While, concerning the low power mechanic and electric portion of the electric vehicles, it is possible to adapt the huge state of the art developed for the traditional supplied vehicles without particular difficulties. 
         [0012]    What just generally stated for the electric vehicles goes also for the electric motorcycles; but here there is another problem due to many space limits. 
         [0013]    In fact, in the traditional motorcycles, the tank can have various shapes and can be almost arranged in any position. The motor as well can be positioned almost anywhere since the transmission occurs through a chain (or other transmission mechanisms) which can transmit the motion to the driving wheel at various distances. 
         [0014]    Generally, it can be stated that in the traditional motorcycles, the key systems for the motorcycle function are positioned in distributed way on the motorcycle, and the limits are mainly due to aesthetic or maneuverability reasons. 
         [0015]    Another prerogative of the traditional motorcycles is that the expertise needed for the maintenance of said motorcycles is very diffused. In fact, it is very easy to find a motor mechanic able to understand the reason of possible malfunctioning and to carry out the main maintenance operations of a traditional fuel supplied motorcycle. Therefore the electric supplied motorcycles are characterized by some important differences with respect to the traditional supplied motorcycles. 
         [0016]    Obviously, the electric supplied motorcycles do not need a tank for the fuel, and the energy needed for the locomotion is obtained by batteries which are much bulkier than the batteries provided in the traditional motorcycles needed to support low consumption functions. Moreover, for technical reasons as well, such batteries cannot be modeled in shape as the tanks. For economic reasons as well, the battery (or batteries) shape represents a limit in the motorcycle design conception. 
         [0017]    In addition to the battery shape, which is generally a parallelepiped, another design limit is also the fact that the battery is to be suitably protected and isolated, both for protecting it against possible damage and for protecting the motorcycle user against possible accidents. Also the electronic subsystems are much more complex since, in addition to the electric loads provided in the traditional supplied motorcycles, it is needed to manage the power loads associated to the motorcycle motion. 
         [0018]    Said electronic subsystems are to supervise also the control of the battery charge steps. In general, in fact, the more precise the control of the batteries charge and discharge steps is, the greater the cycles number is, which a chemical battery can ensure with acceptable performance and yield. In case, for increasing the motorcycle autonomy, there are provided more batteries with possible different degrees of wear and charge states, the function of battery control is yet more delicate and critical. For these reasons, the electric motorcycles are provided with a subsystem, called BMS (Battery Management System), which is provided with a microprocessor card and which supervises these functions. The BMS is a quite critical element from the reliability point of view since it is provided with both pure computational electronics and power electronics since it has to manage the relatively high energies stored in the accumulation systems (or batteries). 
         [0019]    Moreover, in addition to the traditional electronic control unit needed for controlling the electric charges typical of a vehicle (for example for lighting), it is needed a power control unit (which is generally distinct from the traditional electric control unit) for controlling the energy provided to the motor (for example for accelerating) or for managing the energy recovery during decelerations. 
         [0020]    Also the power control unit is a very stressed subsystem which can be subjected to failures and malfunctioning. 
         [0021]    These considerations about the electronics provided in the electric motorcycles are aimed at highlighting that the electronics of an electric motorcycle is more complex than the very simpler one of a traditional motorcycle. 
         [0022]    As a consequence, nearly all failures or malfunctioning of electric motorcycles are due to batteries deterioration or to malfunctioning of the electric and electronic subsystems needed for the electric motorcycle functioning: in particular the BMS subsystem and the power control unit. 
         [0023]    Given the complexity of the onboard electronics of an electric motorcycle, it is more complex a case of failure or malfunctioning to be diagnosed than with a traditional motorcycle as well, and basically, a complete and precise maintenance service can occur only at suitable computerized work stations for carrying out diagnostic tests, and said work stations can be available only in specialized sites prepared for the aim; and, naturally, these sites cannot be diffusely distributed as well as the traditional ones. 
         [0024]    Generally, yet as a consequence of what stated, it is reported that in most cases the failures occurring to electric motorcycles are solved by substituting a broken component. 
         [0025]    Concerning all what just stated, the needed expertise for maintenance and repair of electric motorcycles is not diffused as well as the one for maintenance and repair of traditional motorcycles, and, given the technical peculiarities associated to the electric motorcycles, it is to be expected that the maintenance network of such means is articulated on two levels wherein the most precise diagnostics is carried out at a strongly centralized level (concentrated in few or very few sites). 
         [0026]    Many electric motorcycles provided on the market are the evolution of traditional motorcycles, and the criteria used for providing the frames are possibly inspired by the various frame kinds yet available in the consolidated field of traditional motorcycles. 
         [0027]    Therefore, the current electric motorcycle offer provides diffused models in which, after adopting a kind of frame inspired by classic shapes, attempts have been made to arrange the battery (or batteries) and the various electronic components in the available spaces: so, the batteries are generally arranged in the greater and more protected space among the available ones, while the various electronic components, smaller and often with less shape limits, are arranged in distributed way in the more suitable spaces according to the various models. 
         [0028]    The result obtained in the electric motorcycles provided on the market is that the various peculiar elements of this kind of motorcycles are arranged in different positions of the same motorcycle and are provided with different access points for their removal. 
         [0029]    Another prerogative of the electric motorcycles is that electric motors can be more compact than the internal combustion ones, and that they can also be directly integrated in the driving wheel, thus avoiding the need of a transmission system for transmitting the motion from the motor to the wheel, since the rotary motion is generated on the same wheel. 
         [0030]    It is to be said that the electric motor technology is particularly mature and reliable, and therefore the motor failures are to be considered a very rare (almost minor) event with respect to the failures the other electric and electronic subsystems can be subjected to. 
         [0031]    The possibility to integrate the motor directly in the driving wheel, as said, eliminates the need of a transmission system and as a consequence eliminates the limit (provided instead in the internal combustion engine motorcycles which need a transmission system, for example a chain) to preserve a free space between the motor and the driving wheel; moreover, eliminating portions in movement subjected to wear and that need lubrication, it is eliminated one of the causes for which maintenance is required in the traditional motorcycles. 
         [0032]    Still concerning the evolution trend of electric motorcycles it is observed how, in many models, attempts were made to provide motorcycles in which the battery removal is simplified, in order to make also the user of the same motorcycle able thereto. 
         [0033]    This trend is justified by the fact that the charge times for a battery are not comparable to the fuelling times of a traditional motorcycle, the battery recharge times being very much longer. 
         [0034]    It was then considered that the substitution of an exhausted battery with a charged one could be an alternative solution to recharging in order to speed up the procedure equal to fuelling. 
         [0035]    Generally, the possibility to extract the battery allows to provide more flexible supply procedures: for example if the motorcycle is parked in a place not prepared for recharging, the motorcycle user can extract the battery and bring it in a place where it is possible to recharge it. Regardless of the effective application of these procedures, all the most recent models of electric motorcycles are characterized in that they have one or more batteries housed in spaces accessible by the user of the motorcycles as well, who, at least theoretically, should be able to remove the so called “battery pack”. 
         [0036]    This structural feature of the most recent electric motorcycles seems not to be really useful since there are not so many users of electric motorcycles, who after parking their means, remove the “battery pack” in order to substitute it or bring it in a suitable place for recharging. The little success of these procedures can be justified by the fact that there are not yet diffused standards allowing an efficient battery substitution and recharging in suitable stations. 
         [0037]    However, it is also possible that the removal operation of a “battery pack”, which is generally very heavy, is an extremely uncomfortable operation for the user. Moreover, the more the “battery pack” light is, the smaller the autonomy is that said batteries can ensure, and so the maneuverability of the battery is a need which strikes against the autonomy which is certainly more important. 
         [0038]    Generally, the user needs an ever greater autonomy, and this corresponds to ever bulkier and heavier batteries, and so ever less suitable to be regularly “manipulated” by the same user. 
         [0039]    Considering the limits of autonomy which can be reached by the electric motorcycles, and the battery volumes and weights, it is reasonable to aim at providing on the market means which allow a typical daily usage (home-work journeys or the same), a sufficient autonomy for the whole day being available. In this kind of usage, the night can be used for recharging the batteries in a fixed station (for example the home box) without the need they to be removed. 
         [0040]    In this case, which can be taken as reference to define structural and performance goals, it seems that the easiness to remove the battery pack by the user of the means is not a particularly important aspect. Another typical case of usage is the one of electric motorcycle fleets, which can be used for urban services (for example mail delivery services). Also in these cases, the motorcycles are subjected to a daily typical regular usage which comprises also long stop times; therefore also in this case, the main requirement is not represented by the maneuverability of the battery, but consists in the possibility to ensure an autonomy able to cover the typical need of a work shift. All the just reported considerations about the electric motorcycle features according to the known art allow to individuate a technical problem still felt in many important cases of electric motorcycle usage: it is a question of ensuring an efficient maintenance of such means while considering that a network of services suitable for said maintenance cannot be capillary, and that the times and the repair costs have to be the lowest possible ones. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0041]    Aim of the present invention is to provide an electric motorcycle in which a great deal of failures or malfunctioning can be managed at not necessarily specialized or equipped sites for diagnosing a failure or malfunctioning (typically such repair operations could be possible also at a sales point). 
         [0042]    Another aim of the present invention is to make easier and more efficient a maintenance procedure of the electric motorcycles in which there is provided a first level of maintenance with capillary diffusion and able to provide a very fast service of the motorcycle without particular expertise or equipment requested, and a second level, very centralized, which can work in a calmer way and which can accomplish the failure or malfunctioning diagnose and act consequently, all without that the user is penalized by long times of not availability of the means, and thus being able to adopt procedures aiming at the limitation of repair costs. 
         [0043]    Finally, another aim of the present invention is to rationalize the electric motorcycles logistics considering that it is not convenient to provide great stocks for the most expensive elements which suffer from long stock times in not suitably equipped environments. 
         [0044]    These and other aims are reached by providing an electric motorcycle in which at least the “battery pack”, the “BMS (Battery Management System)” and the “power control unit” are rigidly connected and form an unique “block of electric components” characterized in that said “block of electric components” can be removed by said electric motorcycles while maintaining its relative connections among its rigidly blocked portions. 
         [0045]    The main advantages of the present invention are that the electric motorcycle realized according to the teachings better described in the following satisfies all the aims it was conceived for; more precisely, all the failures or malfunctioning due to the subsystems mainly subjected to criticalities can be removed with a substitution procedure of an unique rigid block, without the need the nature of the problem to be precisely diagnosed. Said substitution, even if it is not a suitable operation that the user can do in general, it is however simple enough and such that anyone can carry it out without the need to be equipped with particular means or to be particularly expert therein. 
         [0046]    Moreover, the block extracted and to be repaired, even if it is heavy and bulky to be manipulated by a general user, can be however easily managed from a logistic point of view, and can be shipped without particular urgency to a specialized maintenance service where the repair can occur accurately substituting only the component (or components) responsible for the failure or the malfunctioning. 
         [0047]    Such invention has also further advantages which will be more clear from the following description, the appended claims which make up an integral part of the same description, and from the illustration of a practical embodiment described as a way of not limiting example in the following and in the appended drawings, in which: 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0048]      FIG. 1  shows a view of a motorcycle according to the invention, in “opening” position suitable for removing the “block of electric components”, which is represented extracted, 
           [0049]      FIG. 2  shows the same view of a motorcycle according to the invention in “opening” position where instead the “block of electric components” is represented introduced in the motorcycle, 
           [0050]      FIG. 3  shows a view of the motorcycle according to the invention in “closed” position with the “block of electric components” introduced in the motorcycle; therefore in the position of normal usage, 
           [0051]      FIGS. 4 and 5  show a view of a motorcycle according to the invention, from an angle which allows to see the obstacles for a possible extraction from above the “block of electric components”, 
           [0052]      FIG. 6  shows a simplified block diagram of the main electric and electronic components intended for the motion of the electric motorcycle; 
           [0053]      FIG. 7  shows a simplified block diagram of a typical battery charger subsystem for applications on electric motorcycles. 
       
    
    
       [0054]    In  FIG. 1 , indicated with the reference number  10 , it is represented an electric motorcycle in which there are highlighted some essential elements and it is instead “free” of other elements (as for example the fairing) and accessories not essential to show the present invention. In particular with the number  110  it is indicated a particularly bulky but rigid and compact element. Such element  110  is the “block of electric components” and is represented outside the motorcycle  100 . 
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0055]    The “block of electric components”  110  can be extracted from the motorcycle  100 , by taking it out from its seat, thanks to the fact that the motorcycle  100  is provided with a rear fork indicated with the number  140  which can rotate on the constraint, indicated in  FIG. 1  with the number  141 , by means of which it is coupled to the frame. Therefore thanks to the rotation of the fork  140  on the constraint  141  it is possible to lower remarkably the motorcycle rear wheel so that a sufficiently great passage is provided to take out the “block of electric components”  110  which, during the normal functioning of the motorcycle  100 , is housed in a compartment obtained in the lower portion of the motorcycle  100 . 
         [0056]    In  FIG. 1 , indicated with the number  150 , it is also highlighted the rear suspension of the motorcycle  100 . Said suspension  150  is represented with a free end  152 . In fact, when the motorcycle  100  is in “opening” position suitable for removing the “block of electric components”  110 , the suspension  150  has to be excluded from its nominal function which is that to maintain the rear wheel in the correct position suitable for driving. So, in the example of  FIG. 1 , the rear suspension  150  is represented not constrained by the constraint, represented with the number  151 , which is on the frame of the motorcycle  100 . By decoupling the end  152  of the rear suspension  150  from the constraint  151 , the suspension, solely constrained to the axis of the rear wheel, is free to rotate and allows the rotation of the fork  140  as well in order to provide the passage needed for removing the “block of electric components”  110 . 
         [0057]      FIG. 2  is very similar to  FIG. 1 , in fact it is represented the motorcycle  100  in the same view and in the same position of  FIG. 1 , with the only difference that the “block of electric components”  110  is housed in the position of normal functioning. 
         [0058]    Therefore the sequence of  FIGS. 1 and 2  helps to show the movement needed to remove the “block of electric components”  110 .  FIG. 3  shows the motorcycle  100  in “closed” position, i.e. in the position to be assumed in its normal functioning. In such position, the rear suspension  150  has its end  152  coupled to the constraint  151  arranged on the frame of the motorcycle  100 , while the rear fork  140  is rotated so that the rear wheel is in the correct position for the movement. In this configuration, the suspension  150  can work correctly to absorb possible unevenness of the road occurring during the drive. It is to be noted how the articulation arranged on the constraint  141  of the fork  140  to the frame has a double function: in “opening” position it allows to shift, by lowering it, the rear wheel enough to remove the “block of electric components”  110 , while in “closed” position it allows the rear suspension  150  to work correctly allowing the movement of the rear wheel. 
         [0059]    From the view of  FIGS. 1, 2 and 3  it can be easily assumed the operative mode with which the “block of electric components”  110  can be removed and substituted, but above all it can be appreciated the easiness of the operation. In fact, it is sufficient to lift the rear portion of the motorcycle  100  (for example by pulling it upwards by means of a hook or arranging it on a suitable stand), thereafter the upper end  152  is decoupled from the suspension  150  of the constraint  151 ; at this point, the rear fork  140  is free to rotate and the rear wheel to shift downwards thus providing a great passage easily accessible by an user, who can simply take out the “block of electric components”  110  and substitute it, in case of need, with another functioning “block of electric components”. The motorcycle  100  is then assembled again in its configuration of normal usage re-arranging the rear wheel in its drive position and re-coupling the end  152  of the suspension  150  to the constraint  150 . 
         [0060]    The example shown by means of the figures provides that the rear suspension is decoupled in its upper constraint arranged on the frame, but it is clear that the inventive concept does not consider such choice. What is really important is that the rear suspension is excluded to allow the rear fork to rotate and to allow the rear wheel to be shifted from its normal position, which would prevent from accessing from the rear to the lower portion of the motorcycle. Therefore, it makes no difference the mode of decoupling the rear suspension, for example the lower end could be decoupled, and the suspension could remain hanged to the frame. It is also to be considered the cases in which the rear suspension is realized with mechanic modes different from the traditionally diffused ones: the inventive concept is to be interpreted in a more general way considering an electric motorcycle  100  in which the rear suspension can be somehow (according to how said suspension is mechanically realized) excluded from its main function to allow the rear wheel to be lowered in such a position that the access to the lower portion of the electric motorcycle  100  is not obstructed from the rear. Obviously, the rear suspension, according to the teachings of the present invention, besides not being opposed to the rotation of the rear fork, has to also be positioned itself so that it is not an obstacle for the access to the lower portion of the electric motorcycle  100  from the rear. Therefore, the mechanic configuration of the rear portion of the electric motorcycle  100  represented in figure makes up certainly a configurations with many structural advantages, and it results very useful to describe the inventive concept, but however it is to be considered only one of the various mechanic configurations possible which allow to implement the inventive idea. 
         [0061]    The rear extraction of the “block of electric components”  110  is very efficient and simple because, if carried out according to the teachings of the present invention, it does not require particular equipment (only a stand, or a hook to which the rear portion of the motorcycle  100  is to be hanged to be partially lifted as much as it is needed for lowering the rear wheel) and does not require the motorcycle portions to be disassembled. It is however possible to prepare the motorcycle  100  also because the substitution of the “block of electric components”  100  can be carried out from above or under the motorcycle  100 . 
         [0062]    In  FIG. 4 , it is represented a view of the motorcycle  100  which allows to appreciate an extraction mode of the “block of electric components”  100  from above. 
         [0063]    It is clear that in order to carry out the extraction of the “block of electric components”  110  from above it is needed at least to remove the plastic covers which coat the frame and which are indispensable to protect the same “block of electric components”  110 . Moreover, in  FIG. 4 , there are highlighted other elements of the motorcycle  100  which can be disassembled to carry out the operation in safety: for example, with the number  160  it is represented the radiator, and with the number  171  a frame stiffening element, but it is clear that also other elements could be removed to provide a sufficient passage for the extraction of the “block of electric components”  110  or solely to avoid that in the extraction operation (it is not to be ignored that the “block of electric components”  110  is particularly heavy) something is damaged, for example the motorcycle saddle. 
         [0064]    In  FIG. 5 , the electric motorcycle  100  represented in the example of  FIG. 4  is represented with the “block of electric components”  110  in outer position; and in the example of  FIG. 5  it is highlighted how it is needed to disassemble the radiator  160  and the stiffening element  171  of the frame as well. 
         [0065]    It is also clearly possible the extraction of the “block of electric components”  110  from under the motorcycle  100 . In this case, it is clearly needed to lift the motorcycle  100  so that it is possible to work comfortably also from under; moreover, it is to be provided a lower body which can be disassembled and sufficiently robust to sustain and protect, when it is closed, the “block of electric components”  110 ; moreover, the closure mechanisms have to be reliable enough to minimize the accidental opening risk, and have to be of easy maintenance since positioned necessarily in a point subjected to be rapidly dirtied. 
         [0066]    In  FIG. 6 , it is represented a simplified block diagram which allows to synthetize the main functions to be carried out by some important electric and electronic components provided in the motorcycle  100 . The arrows in continuous line indicate the energy flows, while the arrows in dashed line indicate the flows of information and command exchanges between the various components considered. 
         [0067]    With the number  130 , it is indicated the battery charger block. The function of the battery charger  130  is to absorb electric energy from an outer source, which can be the power mains, and to carry out convenient current, tension and regime transformations aiming at transferring the electric energy to the battery charger, indicated with the number  111 . Generally, the battery pack  111  is made up of a plurality of accumulation modules, and each accumulation module is subjected to charge and discharge cycles, deteriorating it. In order to preserve the efficiency and the duration of the accumulation modules it is important that the charge cycles are carried out observing suitable tension and current profiles and that also the temperature of the single module is controlled to avoid, for example, an excessive overheating which would damage them. From these simple considerations it results clear that the performances, the efficiency and the duration of the battery pack  111  need a specific control of the charging processes which is carried out by the component called BMS (Battery Management System) represented in  FIG. 4  with the number  112 . The BMS  1   12  provides so to transmit in a controlled way the energy coming from the battery charger  130  to the single accumulation modules of the battery pack  111 ; and exchanges information and commands with the battery charger  130  and the battery pack  111 . 
         [0068]    Still in the block diagram of  FIG. 6 , with the number  120  it is represented the electric motor block. Naturally, the electric motor  120  has to be supplied by the battery pack  111 ; however, said supply needs to be regulated according to the power to be fed to the electric motor  120  for example to accelerate or slow down the drive. Moreover, during the deceleration also a recovery of the kinetic energy has to be managed. Also in this case, there have been reported some simple considerations in order to make clear the need for suitable controls also to supervise the supply of the electric motor  120 ; and such controls are logically carried out by means of the functional block represented in  FIG. 6  with the number  113 , and which in the most common embodiments are carried out by a power control unit. In order to carry out its functions the power control unit  113  has to exchange data and commands at least with the battery pack  111  and with the electric motor  120 . 
         [0069]    The BMS  112 , the battery pack  111  and the power control unit  113  together can be assembled in a macro-block, called “block of electric components”, represented in  FIG. 4  with the dashed line and indicated with the number  110 . 
         [0070]    It is clear that, by integrating in only one block three elements which normally are separated and maintained rigidly connected, both the power connections and the data connections can be simplified and conceived to be disconnected only in precise situations and conditions, and not to carry out the normal maintenance. 
         [0071]      FIG. 7  shows instead in greater detail the battery charger  130 , which in  FIG. 7  is represented with a macro-block in dashed line. In particular, there are indicated two fundamental elements provided in the battery chargers typically used in the electric motorcycles, i.e. a transformation element, indicated with the number  134 , and a control unit, indicated with the number  133 , which supervises the transfer of power to the charge, and which exchanges information, in case of this example, with the BMS  112 . 
         [0072]    In the preferred embodiment of the present invention the whole battery charger  130  is considered outside the “block of electric components”  110  since the battery chargers are considered extremely reliable elements and not subjected to failures, however it is clear that there could be also greater integrations and also the control unit  133  could be integrated in the “block of electric components”, leaving only the transformation element  134  outside said block. 
         [0073]    The basic concept of the present invention consists in grouping in a compact and for its logistic management optimized block the electric and electronic components which are typically subjected to failures in electric motorcycles, and whose diagnostics is particularly complex and can require specific equipment. It is clear that, not departing from the scope of the invention, there can be integrated, in addition to the BMS  112 , the battery pack  111  and the power control unit  113 , also other electric elements. For example, by being inspired by  FIG. 5 , it can be possible to integrate the whole o part of the battery charger  130 , or there can be integrated elements of the low power electric subsystem of the motorcycle. 
         [0074]    Moreover, in the “block of electric components”  110  there can be integrated not functional but protective elements, such for example, fuses and relays. 
         [0075]    Finally, when the elements integrated in the “block of electric components”  110  are in function, there would be provided suitable inner wiring in the “block of electric components”  110  and the outer connections. Concerning this last aspect, it is to be observed how it is conceived a connector (or system of connectors) optimized to simplify the removal and the repositioning of the “block of electric components”  110 ; this always so that the substitution operation of the “block of electric components”  110  can be carried out by a little expert user, and without the risk that such extraction and restoration operations can cause breakings or incorrect connections. 
         [0076]    Previously there have been reported examples of how in the “block of electric components”  110  can be integrated ever more elements of the motorcycle  100 , but, obviously, said “block of electric components”  110  can also be conceived in reduced way. For example, whenever the power control unit  113  results, in future, sufficiently reliable so that it does not need to be integrated in the “block of electric components”  110 , the present invention could be applied considering a reduced “block of electric components”  100 , and made up solely of the BMS  112  and the battery pack  111  equipped with suitable wiring, connections and protection circuitry. As yet said, the “block of electric components”  110  comprises in an unique macro-block a plurality of elements which are normally positioned in different points of the electric motorcycle  100 ; and since they are grouped, such elements can be suitably manipulated all together without being disconnected with respect to each other. It is thus clear that the “block of electric components”  110  has to provide also a mechanic grouping which ensures that all the elements thereof maintain their reciprocal positions unchanged. This can be obtained collecting all the elements by means of a rigid structure which contains them, to which each elements should be rigidly fixed, or realizing on the body of each element rigid mechanic connections (for example by fixing two elements with respect to each other by means of screws) or using a combination of such methods. 
         [0077]    It is ultimately clear that further variants can be made by the expert in the field without departing from the scope of the invention as claimed. It is also to be noted that the realization of an electric motorcycle  100  with the structural feature above described, besides easing maintenance, allows also important optimization of logistic and distribution of such means. 
         [0078]    In fact, the “block of electric components”  110  represents also the most expensive portion of the whole means and the most delicate one to be stored. In particular, the “battery pack”  110  is better preserved at controlled temperatures and however it is not convenient that the batteries are stored for long periods without being subjected to controlled charge and discharge cycles. Electric motorcycles  100  conceived as the ones according to the present invention allow to set up particularly efficient distributing processes towards the sales points; in fact, there can be organized shipments of great quantities of motorcycles free of the “block of electric components”  100 . In this way, the shipment costs are saved thus maintaining low the storage costs (since the value of the “block of electric components” is not immobilized) and the means can be kept also in not heated boxes. The “blocks of electric components” instead can be shipped with different channels: upon order or maintaining very little stocks of “blocks of electric components” at the sales points to ensure a “prompt delivery”. 
         [0079]    Finally, from the whole description it is clear how the described motorcycle  100  defines the application of a method which allows to carry out a two levels maintenance process of said electric motorcycles  100 . 
         [0080]    More precisely, the method comprises at least three essential steps which can be synthetized in the following three points, in which the second point, the characterizing one, is divided in seven detailed steps. 
         [0081]    1. Individuation of a malfunctioning or failure in an electric motorcycle  100  which could be due to the “block of electric components”. Delivery of the means to a not specialized, capillary diffused site (for example a sales point) in which the user carries out the following steps: 
         [0082]    a. lifting the rear portion of the electric motorcycle  100 ; b. exclusion of the rear suspension  150  of the electric motorcycle  100 , thus allowing the rear fork, which remains constrained to the frame of the electric motorcycle  100  by means of the rotating constraint  141 , to rotate with amplitude enough to lower the rear wheel up to provide a passage through which it is possible to access to the compartment arranged in the lower portion of the electric motorcycle  100 , compartment which, in the normal closed configuration, is in front of the rear wheel of the electric motorcycle  100 , and so not accessible from rear; 
         [0083]    c. removal of the “block of electric components”  110  housed in said compartment arranged in the lower portion of the electric motorcycle  100 ; 
         [0084]    d. substitution of the “block of electric components”  110  with another functioning “block of electric components”  110 ; 
         [0085]    e. closing the electric motorcycle  100  by lifting the rear wheel up to restore its nominal position suitable for the drive of the means and restoration of the correct function of the suspension  150 ; f. verification that the failure or malfunctioning is no more present and let the user leave; 
         [0086]    3. shipment of the “block of electric components”  110  to a centralized and specialized maintenance site for repair. 
         [0087]    The performance of these fundamental three steps and in particular of the second one, characterized a method which allows to carry out the maintenance processes of very simple, efficient and economic electric motorcycles, thus contributing to overcome one of the causes of the current little diffusion of the electric motors.