Abstract:
A system for use of an electronic ticket, the system comprising: a server arranged to: issue a ticket responsive to a passenger request; issue a bar coded travel document for passengers and segments in a reservation; generate a list of issued tickets for a predetermined vehicle, wherein the list comprises passenger ticketing information; and modify a ticket status during a period in which the vehicle is in motion to indicate use or modification of the issued ticket by a passenger.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    There are many convenient distribution channels, i.e., online, mobile, self-service kiosks, automated voice response agents via telephone, contact centers, station agents, or travel agents, through which passengers may book and pay for travel. In many of these situations, passengers are provided an option to print a bar-coded travel document, e.g., via a website, receive travel document information and bar coded information on a mobile device such as a telephone, or receive a printed copy of the bar-coded travel documents at a self-service kiosk. 
         [0002]    In an airline-based example, a passenger relinquishes a travel document, e.g. a bar-coded travel document or ticket, prior to being allowed to board a plane. 
         [0003]    In a train-based example, the passenger need not relinquish the travel document prior to being allowed to board the train. In many instances, the travel document is not relinquished (also referred to as “lifted”) until after travel on the train has begun. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0004]    One or more embodiments are illustrated by way of example, and not by limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings, wherein elements having the same reference numeral designations represent like elements throughout and wherein: 
           [0005]      FIG. 1  is a logical decomposition diagram of an electronic ticketing application solution architecture according to an embodiment; 
           [0006]      FIG. 2  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows in the  FIG. 1  electronic ticketing application solution architecture for logging into and initiating a mobile device; 
           [0007]      FIG. 3  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows in the  FIG. 1  electronic ticketing application solution architecture for using a mobile device to validate a bar coded travel document and to record an electronic ticket as used; 
           [0008]      FIG. 4  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows in the  FIG. 1  electronic ticketing application solution architecture for updating a passenger name list; 
           [0009]      FIG. 5  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows in the  FIG. 1  electronic ticketing application solution architecture for querying the central reservation system; 
           [0010]      FIG. 6  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows in the  FIG. 1  electronic ticketing application solution architecture for indication of completion of a ticket validation process; 
           [0011]      FIG. 7  is a high-level block diagram of a processing device useable in conjunction with one or more embodiments; and 
           [0012]      FIG. 8  is a high level block diagram of a portable or transportable computer system upon which at least a portion of an embodiment may be implemented. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0013]    The described ticketing solution, e.g., an eTicketing solution in at least one embodiment, is designed to support one or more of an open access passenger rail operation, uniquely utilize mobile technology to validate electronic tickets (eTickets) and establish a manifest of passengers on board the train while in transit. 
         [0014]    The following are one or more features found in one or more embodiments of the electronic ticketing solution. 
         [0015]    Employees with responsibility for ensuring passengers have paid their fare are equipped with mobile device that is used to scan a bar code on a customer-supplied printed document, a bar code on a customer-supplied mobile device or to look up the customer&#39;s eTicket using the customer name, reservation confirmation number or frequent traveler number. In at least some embodiments, the mobile device includes mobile phone and/or mobile processor with network capability technology. 
         [0016]    Passengers are able to print bar coded travel documents or receive them on their mobile device. 
         [0017]    The bar code provided to the passenger references the reservation record and thus may represent multiple passengers traveling together over multiple travel segments. 
         [0018]    Passengers may change a reservation (i.e., date or time of travel, class of service etc.) and still use the same bar coded media for travel since the bar code references the current version of the reservation record. 
         [0019]    A manifest of passengers on board a train is established as each passenger&#39;s travel document is validated aboard the train. 
         [0020]    The manifest information is maintained in the central reservations system as well as on the mobile device itself. 
         [0021]    As there may be multiple employees accountable for travel document validation on any given train, the status of electronic tickets assigned to the train in question is synchronized between the devices. 
         [0022]    To use the mobile device, employees must be authenticated through a log in process. 
         [0023]    Successful authentication enables application and device capabilities commensurate with the employee&#39;s duties and responsibilities. 
         [0024]    Once an employee has been successfully authenticated on the mobile device, the employee must log the device onto the train the employee is working. 
         [0025]    Once the mobile device is successfully logged to the train, current ticketing data for the train in question is wirelessly uploaded to the mobile device from the central reservations system via a wireless network connection, e.g., a wi-fi connection, a cellular connection, or another mobile network connectivity mechanism. 
         [0026]    In at least some embodiments, mobile device is connected via a wired network connection in order to upload ticketing data and other information to/from the mobile device and other systems. 
         [0027]    As additional sales, cancellations, exchanges or refunds occur that pertain to the train in question, the mobile device receives near-real time wireless updates from the central reservations system via the network connection. 
         [0028]    As customer-supplied bar coded media is scanned, the mobile device searches its resident eTicket database for a matching ticket. 
         [0029]    When found, the employee using the mobile device will “accept” the passenger&#39;s eTicket and so indicate on the mobile device. 
         [0030]    If for some reason the eTicket in question is not resident on the mobile device, the employee using the device can query the central reservations system database to obtain the eTicket data. 
         [0031]    When the employee “accepts” the passenger&#39;s eTicket, the eTicket status is immediately changed to “used” by the mobile device and the central reservation system and other relevant mobile devices are updated wirelessly on a near-real time basis via a wi-fi or cellular connection. 
         [0032]    The transmission of data from the central reservations system to the mobile device is managed through a tiered mobile technology architecture that consists of a business logic layer that determines which eTicket data is to be sent to which mobile device and a message delivery layer that ensures reliable delivery of the messages to and from the specific mobile device. 
         [0033]    In at least some embodiments, the central reservations system produces a current manifest of passengers aboard any given train at any time. 
         [0034]    The mobile device is remotely provisioned to limit user capabilities to pertinent business applications and business-related telephone numbers. 
         [0035]    Processes 
         [0036]    Passenger 
         [0037]    Passengers book and pay for train travel through any convenient distribution channel (i.e., online, mobile, self-service kiosk, automated voice response agent, contact center, station agent or travel agent). Passengers are provided the option to print their bar coded travel document themselves through the website, receive the travel document information and bar code on their mobile device or obtain a printed copy of their bar coded travel document at the station&#39;s self-service kiosk (where available) or station agent. At locations where kiosks or agents are not available and if the passenger does not have the option to print their own travel document or receive it on their mobile device, the passenger may board the train, providing the train employee with the their name, reservation number or Amtrak Guest Reward (Amtrak&#39;s frequent traveler program) number to identify the eTicket on the mobile device. The passenger will be asked to provide photo identification. 
         [0038]    Employee 
         [0039]    The employee(s) tasked with validating eTickets first signs-on to the mobile device to activate the appropriate business applications. Next, the employee logs the mobile device onto the train on which eTickets will be validated. Upon successful log-on, eTicket data for the train in question is, wirelessly in at least some embodiments, uploaded via a wireless network connection to the device. If multiple mobile devices are logged onto the same train, each device receives the eTicket data. The employee then walks through the train using the mobile device to scan the bar code on the printed or mobile media supplied by the passenger. The passenger&#39;s eTicket information, which is retrieved from the data store of eTicket data residing on the mobile device, is displayed to the employee. The employee verifies the passenger&#39;s identity and then indicates acceptance of the eTicket on the mobile device, whereupon the device changes the status of the eTicket residing on its data store to “lifted” (i.e., the eTicket has been collected or “lifted” and is considered used). Simultaneously, the device transmits the eTicket status change to the central reservation system (see  FIG. 2 ), utilizing the tiered mobile technology architecture. In instances where the passenger-supplied media references eTicket information for more than one passenger, the mobile device displays the data for all individuals in the traveling party, enabling the employee to accept the eTicket for individual members of the party, should they not all be present, or for then entire party collectively, should they all be together. 
         [0040]      FIG. 1  is a logical decomposition diagram of an electronic ticketing application solution (ETAS) architecture according to an embodiment. The ETAS architecture comprises an Enterprise Service Provider in communication with a mobile device business logic processing system and a mobile gateway via an enterprise service bus (ESB). 
         [0041]    In at least some embodiments, the ETAS architecture comprises more than one enterprise service providers. 
         [0042]    The Enterprise Service Provider comprises a Central Reservation System and a Work Management System. The Central Reservation System and the Work Management System supply information and provide functionality to an electronic Ticket application through standard communication and/or protocol interfaces. The transmission includes synchronous web services brokered by the Enterprise Service Bus and asynchronous events published to the ESB for subscription-based notification. 
         [0043]    The Mobile Device Business Logic Processing (MDBLP) System executes the business logic necessary to interpret business events published to the enterprise by the central reservation system, by other enterprise systems with information pertinent to operating the Mobile Device business model, and to generate ticket validation/query messages from the Mobile Devices via the Mobile Gateway. In at least some embodiments, the MDBLP System stores in memory a set of executable and/or interpretable instructions comprising the business logic. It also receives information from the Mobile Gateway indicative of a Mobile Device coming online or going offline, and information from the Mobile Devices indicative of which train and user each Mobile Device is assigned currently. The system operates by constructing messages destined for one or more Mobile Devices, and by brokering messages from each Mobile Device to the appropriate system. 
         [0044]    The Mobile Gateway, Adapters, and Message Delivery system are used to ensure reliable, guaranteed delivery of messages to and from the Mobile Devices and the MDBLP System. The Mobile Gateway determines the state of each Mobile Device at the time contact is established and continues to track the state of each Mobile Device during use so that in the event that connectivity is lost while the Mobile Device is in use, messages being sent to and from the Mobile Device are queued for later delivery. 
         [0045]    The Mobile Devices are the operating platform for the onboard business processes and include peripherals necessary to perform business activities. A user interface is coupled to one side of a local data store containing the information needed for the device to function even in the absence of connectivity with the Mobile Gateway. The local data store contains the complete Passenger Name List (PNL) for the train to which it is assigned. The other side of the data store is accessed by logic that coordinates device state (local data store, user and train information) with the Mobile Gateway. Both the user interface (UI) and synchronization services function independently to meet the desired business functionality and systemic qualities by using data and/or information from the same local data store. Access to the device is controlled by an authorization/authentication mechanism that ties back to an Identity &amp; Access Management (IAM) system. 
         [0046]    The IAM system supports authorization and authentication of Mobile Device users. In at least some embodiments, authentication is managed by a password/passcode and/or security token and/or biometric device, or one or more other similar technology. 
         [0047]    The ESB enables collaboration between enterprise service providers and consumers. The MDBLP system uses ESB-based interfaces and services to subscribe to pertinent business events and to consume services offered by the enterprise. 
         [0048]    Enterprise Mobility Management (EMM) centralizes the management of the mobile devices. The capabilities of this system include managing updates to the Mobile Devices; managing provisioning and configuration of the Mobile Devices; and providing a remote-wipe capability so that information on the Mobile Device can be deleted remotely in the event a device is lost or stolen. 
         [0049]      FIG. 2  is a sequence flow diagram  200  of primary data flows in a lift application of the ETAS architecture  202 , which corresponds to an embodiment of the ETAS architecture of  FIG. 1 , for logging on to the Mobile Device and associated business applications and initiating the device to begin processing electronic ticket records by uploading a Passenger Name List (PNL) to the Mobile Device. 
         [0050]    The MDBLP System comprises a sequence of instructions comprising a Ticket Validation System which receives real-time knowledge of the passenger name list and reservation data for each train and creates and addresses messages to the mobile devices and interprets and responds to messages received from the Mobile Device based on business activities performed using these systems. The Ticket Validation system also interprets and responds to information received from the Mobile Gateway about the current state of each Mobile Device. 
         [0051]    As reservations are made in the Central Reservation System (an example of the central reservation system is the Arrow system from the National Passenger Railroad Corporation), the ticketing information is pushed  204  to the Reservation System Façade (RSF). The RSF updates the Electronic Ticket Data Store  206  and then publishes  208  the event to the ESB. The Ticket Validation System receives the event from the ESB as a subscriber to the topic and updates  210  the Mobile Database. 
         [0052]    An employee logs into a given Mobile Device by way of, for example, a two-factor authentication process. The login procedure results in the association of the employee with the Mobile Device for a specific train and date through an interaction between the Mobile Device and the Ticket Validation System. The transition of the Mobile Device to an “active” state is managed by the Mobile Gateway and is communicated  212  to the Ticket Validation System during this process, as well. The current state of a given train&#39;s Passenger Name List is sent  214  to each Mobile Device assigned to the particular train. In at least some embodiments, the current state of the given train&#39;s PNL is transferred to the corresponding mobile devices at the time of assignment of the mobile device to the particular train. 
         [0053]      FIG. 3  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows that occur when the Mobile Device is used to validate the bar coded travel document presented by the customer and to record the electronic ticket as Lifted. 
         [0054]    After the employee scans the customer&#39;s bar coded travel document with the Mobile Device, the reservation information is located in the Passenger Name List. If there is more than one passenger on the reservation, the Mobile Device presents all passengers to the employee. In at least some embodiments, the mobile device presents at least a portion of the passenger list to the employee while providing a mechanism for the employee to move through the passenger list and review the entire passenger list. The employee can select to mark as used (i.e., indicate a “Lift” of the ticket) the eTickets for all passengers on the reservation. Alternatively, the employee can select to Lift only specific individuals on the reservation. Once the employee has Lifted an eTicket, the local database on the Mobile Device is updated as well as the Mobile Database on the TVS indicating the ticket has been used. ( FIG. 3 , Flow  1 ). 
         [0055]    The TVS detects an update in the Mobile Database and issues a lift request via the ESB (the ESB in  FIG. 3  is represented by Amtrak Service Bus) to the RSF and the Central Reservation System ( FIG. 3 , Flow  2 ). The Central Reservation System records the ticket as lifted and this results in a publish event to the RSF ( FIG. 3 , Flow  3 ). The RSF updates the Electronic Ticket Data Store ( FIG. 3 , Flow  4 ) and then publishes the event to the ESB ( FIG. 3 , Flow  5 ). The Ticket Validation System receives the event from the ESB as a subscriber to the topic. ( FIG. 3 , Flow  6 ). 
         [0056]    The TVS determines which Mobile Devices are impacted by the PNL update and updates the Mobile Database accordingly. The Mobile Gateway detects the change in the Mobile Database and sends the change to the appropriate Mobile Device so that Mobile Devices associated with the same train are synchronized. ( FIG. 3 , Flow  7 ). In at least some embodiments, after the mobile gateway detects a change in the mobile database, the mobile gateway transfers the change to all of the affected mobile devices, i.e., all mobile devices associated with the same train. 
         [0057]      FIG. 4  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows in the electronic ticketing lift application for updating the Passenger Name List while the Mobile Device is in use onboard a train. 
         [0058]    As reservations are created, changed, cancelled, refunded or modified in some other way in the Central Reservation System (Arrow), the ticketing information is pushed to the Reservation System Façade (RSF). ( FIG. 4 , Flow  1 ). The RSF updates the Electronic Ticket Data Store ( FIG. 4 , Flow  2 ) and then publishes the event to the ESB. ( FIG. 4 , Flow  3 ). The Ticket Validation System receives the event from the ESB as a subscriber to the topic and updates the Mobile Database. ( FIG. 4 , Flow  4 ). 
         [0059]    The TVS determines which Mobile Devices are impacted by the PNL update and updates the Mobile Database accordingly. The Mobile Gateway detects the change in the Mobile Database and sends the change to the appropriate Mobile Device so that Mobile Devices associated with the same train receive the reservation update. ( FIG. 4 , Flow  5 ). In at least some embodiments, after the mobile gateway detects a change in the mobile database, the mobile gateway transfers the change to all of the affected mobile devices, i.e., all mobile devices associated with the same train. 
         [0060]      FIG. 5  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows that occur when the Mobile Device is used to query the central reservation system (Arrow) to find an electronic ticket that is not available on the Mobile Device&#39;s local data store. 
         [0061]    If the employee scans a bar-coded travel document that the Mobile Device cannot locate on the mobile device local data store, the mobile gateway transmits a query message to the central reservation system via the ESB ( FIG. 5 , Flow  1 ). The central reservation system, after determining a response to the query message, responds back to the Mobile Gateway via the ESB with the reservation and ticket information. ( FIG. 5 , Flow  2 ) 
         [0062]      FIG. 6  is a sequence flow diagram of primary data flows that occur when the employee indicates completion of the ticket validation process for all passengers boarding at a specific station. 
         [0063]    After the employee indicates via the mobile device that the tickets for passengers boarding at a specific station have been validated, the Mobile Database in the TVS is updated. ( FIG. 6 , Flow  1 ). The TVS monitors all active employees for a given train to determine when all employees have completed the ticket validation process for a given station stop ( FIG. 6 , Flow  2 ). After the TVS determines that the ticket validation process is complete for a given station stop, TVS issues a service request to the central reservation system via the ESB to begin the process of identifying which booked customers have not boarded the train. ( FIG. 6 , Flow  3 ). 
         [0064]      FIG. 7  depicts a high-level block diagram of a controller  700  useable in conjunction with one or more embodiments. Controller  700  comprises a processor or controller-based device  702 , an input/output (I/O) device  704 , and a memory  706  each communicatively coupled with a bus  708 . Memory  706  (which may also be referred to as a computer-readable medium) is coupled to bus  708  for storing data and information and instructions to be executed by processor  702 . Memory  706  also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor  702 . Memory  706  may also comprise a read only memory (ROM) or other static storage device coupled to bus  708  for storing static information and instructions for processor  702 . Memory  706  may comprise static and/or dynamic devices for storage, e.g., optical, magnetic, and/or electronic media and/or a combination thereof. 
         [0065]    I/O device  704  may comprise a display, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT) or a flat panel display or other illuminating devices such as illuminated icons or pre-arranged light emitting diodes, for displaying information, alphanumeric and/or function keys for communicating information and command selections to the processor  702 , a cursor control device, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to the processor and for controlling cursor movement on the display, or a combination thereof. This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y) allowing the device to specify positions in a plane. In at least some embodiments, I/O device  704  is optional. 
         [0066]    Memory  706  comprises a ticketing system  710  according to one or more embodiments for controlling and/or tracking ticketing of passengers. Ticketing system  710  comprises one or more sets of instructions which, when executed by processor  702 , causes the processor to perform particular functionality. In at least some embodiments, ticketing system  710  issues tickets to passengers, maintains a list of passengers and tickets issued, and reconciles lifted tickets with respect to passengers. In at least some embodiments, all or at least a portion of the ETAS architecture functionality is executed on controller  700 . 
         [0067]      FIG. 8  is a high level block diagram of a portable or transportable computer system including a mobile or cellular telephone (hereinafter referred to as a mobile device  800 ), upon which at least a portion of an embodiment may be implemented. In at least some embodiments, mobile device  800  is a telephone, a tablet, a personal digital device, a laptop computer, or other processor or controller-based system. 
         [0068]    Mobile device  800  includes a bus  802  or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor  804  coupled with the bus  802  for processing information. Mobile device  800  also includes a main memory  806 , such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to the bus  802  for storing location information and connection information, and instructions to be executed by processor  804 . Main memory  806  also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor  804 . Mobile device  800  further includes a read only memory (ROM)  808  or other static storage device coupled to the bus  802  for storing static information and instructions for the processor  804 . A storage device  810 , such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to the bus  802  for storing location information, connection information, and instructions. 
         [0069]    Mobile device  800  may be coupled via the bus  802  to a display  812 , such as an integrated flat panel display, for displaying information to and prompting for information from the user. An input device  814 , including alphanumeric and function keys, is coupled to the bus  802  for communicating information and command selections to the processor  804 . Another type of user input device is cursor control  816 , such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor  804  and for controlling cursor movement on the display  812 . This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y) allowing the device to specify positions in a plane. 
         [0070]    An embodiment is related to the use of mobile device  800 , such as the illustrated system of  FIG. 8 , to enable use of electronic ticket with respect to one or more passengers during a period before, during, and after a trip. According to one embodiment, connection information and location information are provided to mobile device  800  in response to processor  804  executing sequences of instructions contained in main memory  806  in response to input received via input device  814 , cursor control  816 , or communication interface  818 . Such instructions may be read into main memory  806  from another computer-readable medium, such as storage device  810 . 
         [0071]    However, the computer-readable medium is not limited to devices such as storage device  810 . For example, the computer-readable medium may include a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punch cards, paper tape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a random access memory (RAM), a programmable read only memory (PROM), an electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM), a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave embodied in an electrical, electromagnetic, infrared, or optical signal, or any other medium from which a computer can read. Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in the main memory  806  causes the processor  804  to perform the process steps described below. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with computer software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software. 
         [0072]    Mobile device  800  also includes a communication interface  818  coupled to the bus  802 . Communication interface  818  provides two-way data communication. For example, communication interface  818  may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card, a digital subscriber line (DSL) card, or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone line. As another example, communication interface  818  may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. As described above, wireless links may also be implemented, e.g., IEEE 802 standard wireless connections, and other wireless connections. In any such implementation, communication interface  818  sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals which carry digital data streams representing various types of information. Of particular note, the communications through interface  818  may permit transmission or receipt of connection information and location information. For example, two or more Mobile device  800  may be networked together in a conventional manner with each using the communication interface  818 . 
         [0073]    Network link  820  typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link  820  may provide a connection through a network to a server  700  or to another device, e.g., desktop computer system. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link  820  and through communication interface  818 , which carry the digital data to and from mobile device  800 , are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information. 
         [0074]    Mobile device  800  sends messages and receives data, including program code, through the network(s), network link  820  and communication interface  818 . In the Internet example, a server  700  might transmit a requested code for an application program through network link  820 , and communication interface  818 . In accordance with one embodiment, one such downloaded application provides for viewing, verifying, and modifying the status of an electronic ticket of a passenger. 
         [0075]    The received code may be executed by processor  804  as it is received, and/or stored in storage device  810 , or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, Mobile device  800  may obtain application code via a carrier wave. 
         [0076]    It will be readily seen by one of ordinary skill in the art that the disclosed embodiments fulfill one or more of the advantages set forth above. After reading the foregoing specification, one of ordinary skill will be able to affect various changes, substitutions of equivalents and various other embodiments as broadly disclosed herein. It is therefore intended that the protection granted hereon be limited only by the definition contained in the appended claims and equivalents thereof.