Abstract:
Conventional bombs or commercially available explosives are selectively placed about well pipes and exploded to cause closure of the well pipe and thus resulting in substantial reduction in the flow of oil and gas to facilitate extinguishing the fire thereon. Explosive charges are selectively placed about the well pipes in slanting holes so to remove the cellar assembly, make a ramp to the well pipe, and to close the well pipe.

Description:
STATEMENT OF GOVERNMENT INTEREST 
     The invention described herein may be manufactured and used by or for the Government for governmental purposes without the payment of any royalty thereon. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to controlling fires, and, in particular, to oil well fires. 
     The oil well fires of concern to the present invention are those that exist above the surface wherein the oil and/or gas is exiting from or near the wellhead that has been damaged. 
     The present process used to extinguish oil well fires involves the application of continuous amounts of water in large volumes in the area about the source of the fire. This serves to cool any structures that could re-ignite the fire and allows personnel to approach the fire area to actually extinguish the fire using explosives. Of course, the oil and gas are still issuing from the well. The personnel must now enter this area and cap the wellhead. Although this process has worked in the past several disadvantages exist. For example, a large source of water must be near the wellhead. Also, the oil and gas may re-ignite. 
     Another process for controlling the fire is to stop the flow of hydrocarbon fluids by drilling a second well bore adjacent to the problem well bore. The second well bore is slanted to closely meet the first well bore. A shaped charge can open up channels through which cement can be placed to stop the flow. U.S. Pat. No. 4,436,154 discloses such in a well having two payzones of highly different pressures. 
     Where the pipe casing is easily reached, for example, at sea, a cryogenic control valve can be installed stop the flow and then direct the flow to another well head. 
     The need to develop means for controlling oil well fires was documented in a New York Times article by William Broad as related to the oil well fires in Kuwait. It is noted therein that the problem is two fold: (1) putting the fire out and (2) capping the well. Some ideas advanced include putting 100 ton concrete caps on the burning well to stop the flames; using super cold foams; putting explosives collars on the pipes using implosion technology to seal the pipes; putting a cryogenic valve on the wellhead like the above patent. 
     Thus, there is a need for a process to control oil well fires with a minimum of equipment and time. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention involves processes to control oil well fires. 
     The first process uses at least one standard bomb having an explosive charge placed thereon with an explosive cord (detonating cord) connected thereto. A detonator is connected to the explosive cord. The bomb is placed underground in a trench or a shaft augered in close proximity of the well pipe. Upon detonation, the force causes either partial or full closure of the well pipe without further damage. Two bombs may be physically placed such that they straddle the well pipe. The bomb may be air dropped or physically placed in position. 
     In the other process, explosives are placed in augered shafts underground at inclined angles to the well pipe. These explosives accomplish several results: (1) They remove dirt to create a ramp for access to the well pipe; (2) they remove the cellar; and (3) they can crimp the well pipe. These explosives are physically placed in the proximity to the wellhead. 
     These processes can be applied in the ground, water or air. 
     Therefore, one object of the present invention is to provide a process for controlling oil well fires with high explosives placed in close proximity to the well pipe. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process to create a ramp and/or crater about the well pipe to allow access of people and equipment to the well pipe. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process of removing the cellar which may be impeding access to the well pipe. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process to create a ramp, remove the cellar and to crimp the well pipe in one operation. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process that minimizes equipment and time to stop oil well fires. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process to either partial close or fully close the oil well pipe. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process to remove casings to reach the inner oil bearing tube. 
     These and many other objects and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to one skilled in the pertinent art from the following detailed description of a preferred embodiment of the invention and the related drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a typical oil well pipe in cross section. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a single bomb placed near to the oil well pipe. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate two bombs placed astride an oil well pipe. 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate explosives astride an oil well pipe having a cellar assembly thereon. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates placing the auger shaft near the well pipe. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a wellhead. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a conventional oil well pipe 10 being approximately 20 inches in diameter having 5 concentric pipes 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20. The space 13 between pipes 12 and 14 is typically filled with a weak sand-cement mixture. During the testing of the present process, the annuli 22, 24 and 26 were filled with water and the inner pipe 20 was filled with a fluid material simulating oil having a density of about 0.25 grams/cc. This arrangement simulates a production oil well pipe. 
     Referring to FIG. 6, a cellar 28 is typically placed on top of the well pipe 10 and a Christmas tree 40 is connected to the well pipe 10 in the cellar 28. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, a standard bomb 30 such as a Mark 84, 2000 lbs., a Mark 82, 500 lbs., etc. is placed underground near the well pipe 10. Means for exploding the bomb 30 could include a charge placed in the fuse well, not shown, an explosive cord to the charge, and a detonator connected to the cord. A conventional power source causes the detonator to initiate. 
     Several factors are determinative of the well pipe closure: the size of the bomb, the distance of the bomb from the well pipe, the orientation of the bomb to the well pipe, the number of bombs, the density of the soil about the well pipe, etc. 
     The placement of the bomb 30 near the well pipe 10 can be accomplished by drilling a shaft 34. See FIG. 5. A conventional drilling rig 36 would be placed within about two hundred feet of the wellhead and the shaft 34 drilled at an angle of preferably 5 to 10 degrees from the horizontal. This shaft 34 could be augered to a point within a prescribed distance from the well pipe 10. A PVC pipe can be inserted into the shaft 34 for preventing collapse, for ease of the bomb 34 insertion, and for placement of high explosives therein as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a single bomb 30 placed about 10 feet underground at a slant angle to the pipe. The axis of the bomb is perpendicular to the well pipe axis. 
     FIGS. 3A and 3B illustrate the use of two Mark 82 bombs 30 placed astride the well pipe 10 at the distances indicated. The bomb axes are slanted 10 degrees toward the well pipe axis. 
     FIGS. 4A and 4B illustrate the use of high explosives 32 such as ammonium nitrate fuel oil (ANFO) or other commercially available explosives to crimp well pipe 10, remove the cellar assembly 28 and produce an earthen ramp to the wellhead area. In these Figures, 2 PVC pipes 38 are filled with ANFO explosives. The shafts 34 are drilled at appropriate angles and distances and the PCV pipes 38 and explosives 32 are placed therein. Similar detonation techniques are used as in the above. 
     The testing of the FIG. 3 configuration had pairs of Mark 82 bombs 30 straddling the well pipe 10 at distances of 1.5 feet, 0.5 feet and touching the well pipe. The rear fuse well was packed with 11/2 pounds of C-4 explosive material and fired with a double 54 grain prima cord from a RP 83 detonator. 
     The greatest degree of closure occurred when the bombs were put in contact with the exterior pipe casing. Other tests at different stand-off distances resulted in 95% to 99% closure without cracking the casings. 
     The testing of the FIG. 4 configuration indicated that at a distance of 3 feet from a well pipe filled with fluid the pipe would be closed. 
     The above processes may be used in a water environment to crimp the well pipes. 
     For excavation purposes, the detonation of either explosives or bombs in the slant holes results in a crater about 15 feet deep and 40 feet across. The well pipe casings is exposed and undamaged. The cellar and other debris is blown away. The tree also remains on top of the well casing. 
     For crimping the well pipe, the explosives or bombs are placed closer. Unless placed in direct contact, the crimps only partially block the flow of oil and/or gas. If the casing is not crimped during the excavation, it can be done afterwards. Once crimped, the pipe can be capped after the fire is stopped. 
     Once the well pipe is exposed, the casing layers can be removed with shaped charges allowing access to the inner tube which can be tapped or cut or sealed. 
     Clearly, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings and it is therefore understood, that within the inventive scope of the inventive concept, the invention may be practiced otherwise than specifically claimed.