Abstract:
A fruit harvesting machine comprises a movable frame and a harvesting assembly for detaching crop material, comprising fruit and foliage from trees, shrubs and the like standing on a field. A conveyor receives the detached fruit and foliage, together with juice from the fruit, and transports the same to a container. A stationary screen is installed above the conveyor for retaining thereon solid fruit portions and for allowing passage therethrough of the juice. A cleaning device mechanism is provided above the screen for separating the foliage from the detached fruit. The conveyor is provided with outwardly extending fingers extending through the screen for engaging and moving the solid fruit portions to the container.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
   The present invention relates to machines for harvesting fruit grown on trees or shrubs, such as grapes, berries, coffee beans, olives and the like. More particularly it relates to apparatus for conveying the crop material which has been detached by the harvesting unit from the trees or shrubs to a container. 
   BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
   Fruit harvesting machines such as grape harvesters machines commonly are equipped with a shaker assembly which straddles a row of shrubs or vines. The shaker assembly comprises sets of shaker rods which are oscillated to beat or shake the vines vigorously to detach the grapes or bunches of grapes from the vine shrubs. The detached fruit is guided into conveyors on both sides of the vines and conveyed by these conveyors to bins or containers on top of the grape harvester. When the machines reaches the end of a vine row, the bins may be unloaded into a towed cart for further transport to the winery. 
   The action of the shaker rods on the vines will also detach some foliage therefrom. These leaves are equally received in the conveyors and may get mixed up with the grapes in the bins. Conventionally the harvesting machine is equipped with cleaning mechanism for separating the leaves and other foreign material such as detached wood from the fruit. For example the New Holland Braud grape harvester model SB64 has below the upper run of each conveyor an intermediate apron conveyor for receiving the detached fruit and tipping the same into the bins on each side of the harvester. Over the discharge end of the apron a cleaning fan is installed for extraction of the leaves from the crop material on the apron. The cleaning action is enhanced by the air stream acting on the falling crop. 
   It has been observed that the fan not only sucks away the foliage, but also drops of valuable fruit juice. The fruit juice results from grape berries which have burst under the impact of the shaker rods. At the discharge end of the intermediate conveyor the air flow sucks away the juice drops and deposits them together with the leaves aside the machine. These losses can be reduced by decreasing the fan speed in order to diminish air speeds, but such action inevitably also reduces the amount of foreign material which is removed from the crop. 
   FR-A-2.686.530 proposes to provide the fruit harvester with a cleaning system comprising inwardly extending rods retaining the leaves, a mesh funnel installed beneath the rods retaining the grape bunches and the berries, and a full plate funnel receiving the fruit juice which migrated between the rods and through the mesh funnel. Such system is voluminous in size and prone to pollution by crop material sticking to the inner or outer funnels. Furthermore there is no easy access for cleaning the polluted components. 
   FR-A-2.298.266 discloses a conveyor and cleaning system including conveyor cups or buckets which are provided with transverse ribs for retaining thereon the leaves. Loose grapes and juice are received in tub sections below or between the ribs. The buckets are provided with air inlets on their sides for allowing an effective upward air stream removing the leaves from the ribs. Such arrangement drastically reduces the conveying capacity of the buckets. Furthermore the lower section of the buckets is partially closed such that crop and other material can easily accumulate therein, while access for cleaning is seriously hindered. 
   SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
   It is an object of the present invention to remedy to the problems indicated above and to provide an improved conveyor and cleaning arrangement which is capable of reducing the losses of fruit juice while being less susceptible to the accumulation of material thereon. 
   According to the present invention there is provided a fruit harvesting machine, comprising: a frame equipped with mechanism for travelling the frame over a field; a harvesting assembly for detaching crop material, comprising fruit and foliage from trees, shrubs and the like standing on said field; a conveyor mechanism for receiving said detached fruit and foliage, together with juice from said fruit, and transporting the same either directly or indirectly to a container; a screen mechanism for retaining thereon solid fruit portions and for allowing passage therethrough of said juice; and a cleaning mechanism installed above said conveyor mechanism for separating said foliage from said detached fruit; characterised in that: said screen mechanism is positioned at a fixed location above said conveyor mechanism and below said cleaning mechanism; and said conveyor mechanism is provided with tine mechanism extending through said screen mechanism for engaging and moving said solid fruit portions to said container. 
   These tine mechanism assure the positive transport of the crop material along the screen. The tine mechanism preferably are affixed to flexible, endless drive mechanism which move the tines along a closed loop path. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the conveyor mechanism comprises an apron to which is affixed an array of outwardly extending fingers. In this manner no separate mechanism have to be provided for advancing the fingers through the screen. Juice and small crop portions, such as loose berries, are received on the apron surface below the screen. They may be held back by the solid base portion of transverse ridges from which the fingers project upwardly. The upper, crop receiving run may be inclined upwardly, e.g. at 15°, in its normal conveying direction to optimise the trajectory of the crop material at the downstream end of the conveyor. The ridges the may be curved to concentrate crop and juice near the middle of the apron. 
   Preferably the screen extends substantially parallel to the conveyor mechanism. Advantageously it comprises an array of parallel bars extending in the transport direction of the conveyor. The fingers may be dimensioned to act as scrapers along the bars to prevent the accumulation of crop material below and on the sides of the bar. The height of the solid base portion of the ridge may be chosen to provide additional support for the bars. 
   In order to provide sufficient free space for the crop on the apron to be discharged from the conveyor, the bars may be mounted in a cantilever fashion, with their free ends adjacent the downstream end of the conveyor. Each bar may be mounted to a separate bar mount, providing space in between for the passage of the fingers. The bar mounts can be detachably mounted to a common support plate, for easy replacement of worn or damaged bars. 
   Preferably the bars are made of corrosion resistant material, e.g. stainless steel or composite material. 
   A fruit harvesting machine in accordance with the present invention will now be described in greater detail, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a side elevational view of a harvesting machine fitted with a bucket conveyor, an intermediate apron conveyor and a cleaning fan installed over said intermediate conveyor; 
       FIG. 2  is a perspective view showing the relative positions of the apron conveyor and a guide plate for guiding the crop material thereto; 
       FIG. 3  is a longitudinal cross sectional view of the apron conveyor and the screen which is positioned above the upper apron run; 
       FIG. 4  is a transverse cross sectional view of the apron conveyor taken along line IV-IV in  FIG. 3 ; and 
       FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the conveyor and the screen of FIGS.  3  and  4 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   In the following description “right hand” and “left hand” references are determined by standing at the rear of the harvester and facing in the direction of normal forward travel. It is also to be understood that, throughout this description, terms such as “forward”, “rearward”, “upward”, “downward”, etc. are words of convenience and are not be construed as limiting terms. 
   The fruit harvesting machine shown in  FIG. 1  is a grape harvester, generally indicated by reference numeral  1  and comprising a chassis or main frame  2 , provided with front steerable wheels  3  and rear wheels  4 . Both the front wheels  3  and the rear wheels  4  are driven for moving the frame  2  over the ground. It is also conceivable to replace the wheels with other ground-engaging members such as tracks. The frame  2  is in the form of a gantry in order to be able to straddle a row of plants or shrubs, such as grape-vines. In known manner, the frame  2  carries a harvesting assembly  5 , comprising a shaker assembly (not shown) for dislodging the grapes from the vines and two elevator conveyors  8  for collecting the detached grapes and conveying them to two storage tanks or bins  9  on both sides of the harvester  1 . The frame  2  further carries an engine  11 , providing the rotational power necessary to drive the various active members of the harvesting assembly  5  and the conveyors and also providing motive power to the wheels  3 ,  4 , since the vehicle  1  is of the self-propelled type. 
   The harvesting assembly  5  may be fixed in a permanent manner to the main frame  2  of the machine, or else, it may be made in the form of a removable assembly which is detachably affixed to the main frame  2 , so as to be capable of being replaced by other equipment or accessories, such as spraying equipment, pruning equipment, equipment for tilling the ground, etc. 
   The driving and harvesting functions of the vehicle are controlled by the operator from an operator&#39;s platform  13 , which is attached to the front portion of the frame  2  above the left steering wheel  3 . To increase the comfort of the operator, an environmentally insulated cab  14  is provided which surrounds the position of the operator on the platform  13 . 
   The elevator conveyors  8  each form a closed loop around the shaker assembly  5  and comprise each a closed chain provided with a series of interconnected cups or buckets  16 . Preferably the bottom runs  8   a  of the two conveyors  8  are adjacent to each other and guided on either side of the vine row so as to clamp the foot of the vines and capture the crop material detached by the shaker assembly. The vertical rear runs  8   b  and front runs  8   d  of the elevator conveyors  8  diverge upwardly and outwardly from the longitudinal axes of the bottom runs  8   a  to clear the passage of the upper portion of the plants into and out of the harvesting assembly  5 . The velocity of the bottom runs  8   a  in relation to the frame  2  is equal and opposite to the velocity of the machine along the vine row, such that there is no relative movement of the bottom runs  8   a  to the stems of the plants which they enclose. Such arrangement precludes premature wear of the buckets  16  and damages to the vines. 
   When the conveyors  8  enter their upper run  8   c  the buckets  16  are tipped over to deposit their contents onto guide plates  18  installed on both sides of the frame  2 . Each guide plate  18  ( FIG. 2 ) is slantingly arranged to convey the dislodged crop material forwardly to the lower portion of an intermediate apron conveyor  20 . The apron conveyors  20  transport the crop material outwardly and slightly upwardly to the bins  9 . A longitudinally arranged divider auger (not shown) installed below the discharge end of each apron conveyor  20  assures the proper distribution of the grapes into the bins  9 . 
   Above the discharge ends of the conveyors  20 , cleaning mechanism  27  have been installed for extraction of the foliage from the crop material (FIG.  1 ). The cleaning mechanism  27  comprise a hood  29  directed to the discharge area of the conveyor  20  and an extractor fan  30  registering with the top of the hood  29 . The fan rotor  32  can be driven at various speeds, e.g. by a hydraulic motor, for creating an upwardly directed air flow which engages the crop material as it is being conveyed on top of the apron conveyor  20  and projected into the bins  9 . The trajectory of the heavier crop elements, such as loose grape berries or complete grape bunches, is substantially unaffected by the air flow, but the leaves, which have a larger surface to weight ratio, are lifted up and drawn into the fan  30 . The extracted leaves are expelled by the fan  30  through a discharge duct  34  mounted over and to the front of the bin  9  and are deposited onto the field besides the grape harvester  1 . By adjusting the rotational speed of the fan rotors  32 , e.g. by controlling the hydraulic pump feeding the hydraulic motor of the fan, a more or less aggressive action of the fan on the crop material which is being discharged into the bins  9 , can be obtained. When the leaves are dry and easily removable the rotor speed may be lowered. When the quantity of leaves in the crop material increases or when they become more adhesive, it may be required to increase the rotor speed for effective cleaning of the crop. 
   As illustrated in  FIGS. 2  to  4 , each apron conveyor  20  comprises a pair of rollers  50 ,  51 , extending in the longitudinal direction of the harvester  1 , and an apron  53  which is wrapped over the roller pair. One of the rollers  50 ,  51  is rotated by appropriate motor mechanism (not shown) such as a hydraulic or electrical motor. The linear speed of the apron can be varied in order to adapt to various harvesting and/or crop conditions. In an embodiment of the present invention the apron  53  is driven at a maximum linear speed of approximately 80 m/min. The outer roller  51  is installed somewhat higher than the inner roller  50 , such that the upper run  53   a  of the apron  53  has an inclination α of approximately 15° to the horizontal. The guide plate  18  directs the flow of crop material discharged by the elevator conveyor  8  forwardly and somewhat inwardly as indicated by arrow  56  in  FIG. 2 , such that the bulk of the material is received by the apron  53  at an angle of about 30° to the transport direction of the apron conveyor  20 . 
   The crop material gathered by the buckets  16  does not only contain loose grapes, grape bunches and leaves, but also fruit juice emerging from the grapes which are burst or bruised by the action of the shaker assembly or by their fall onto the elevator conveyor  8 . When collected in the bins  9 , this juice can be used for further wine-making. The juice is projected in the form of drops from the apron conveyor  20 . When the crop material reaches the end of the conveyor  20 , it has been experienced that, when no special precautions are taken, a substantial portion of these drops is sucked away by the fan  30  and ejected through the discharge duct  34  together with the leaves. Hence it is advantageous to remedy to these losses and to reduce the exposure of the juice to the action of the fan  30 . 
   According to a preferred embodiment of the invention the conveyor  20  is equipped with a screen  60  arranged above the upper run  53   a  of the apron  53 , as illustrated in  FIGS. 3-5 . The screen  60  is constituted by a set of parallel bars  62  which extend substantially parallel to this upper run. The diameter of the bars  62  and the distance inbetween is chosen to permit the passage of single grape berries and juice and to retain materials having a larger surface, such a grape bunches and leaves. For instance the bars may have a diameter of about 10 mm and may be disposed at a mutual distance of 30 to 40 mm and at a distance of 30 to 40 mm above the surface of the apron  53 . The bars  62  extend in the direction of the movement of the conveyor  20 . Upstream and downstream are defined with respect to the normal direction of conveyance of the apron  53 . Each bar  62  is connected, e.g. by welding, by its upstream end to a crescent-shaped bar mount  64 , which is positioned in front of and below the conveyor roller  50 . The bar mounts  64  are provided with a plurality of ears  65  for installing the mounts  64  parallel to each other into apertures of a curved front plate  67  of the conveyor  20 . The bars  62  should be made of rigid and wear-resistant material, such as stainless steel or composite material, e.g. glass-fibre reinforced resin material. 
   The downstream ends of the bars  62  end short of the downstream end of the conveyor  20 . The bars are cantilevered such that the material which is conveyed above and below the bars  62  can be projected outwardly into one of the bins  9 . 
   The apron  53  is wrapped around the rollers  50 ,  51  and then secured in place by connecting together the end portions of the apron by appropriate mechanism such as rivets or bolts (not shown). The apron  53  may be made out of polyvinylchloride, polyurethane or any other suitable flexible material. Transverse ridges  70  have been attached, e.g. by gluing, vulcanising or by a thermal process, to the surface of the apron  53 . The ridges  70  are curved to collect the fruit near the middle of the apron  53  while it is conveyed upwardly to the bin  9 . They have an upper rim showing a series of indentures  72  and fingers  74  (FIG.  4 ). The indentures  72  accommodate the screen bars  62 . The fingers  74  extend above the bars at a level sufficiently high to engage and convey the grape bunches and leaves deposited on top of the screen  60 . As the apron  53  moves around the rollers  50 ,  51 , the fingers  74  pass between the crescent portions of the bar mounts  64 . 
   During harvesting operations, the detached crop material is deposited by the elevator conveyor  8  onto the screen  60 . Loose grape berries and juice migrate between the bars  62  onto the surface of the apron  53 . The berries and the juice tend to run down the inclined conveyor, but they are retained by the solid lower portions of the ridges  70 . The curvature of the ridges concentrates them near the middle section of the apron. At the end of the conveyor  20  they are launched along a trajectory  64  ( FIG. 2 ) below the fan hood  29  into the bin  9 . 
   The leaves and the grape bunches are retained by the screen  60 . The ridge fingers  74  engage this portion of the crop material and convey it downstream to the deposit zone below the fan  30 . At the discharge end of the apron conveyor  20 , leaves and bunches are projected along a second trajectory  62 , above the trajectory  64  of the loose berries and the juice. They pass closer to the fan  30  such that the leaves are lifted up the hood  29  more easily. Meanwhile the stronger air stream has hardly any effect on the bunches which fall down into the bin  9 . As most of the juice was collected below the grape bunches and the leaves, it is sheltered thereby from the direct action of the fan  30 . Furthermore, the juice drops are projected at a greater distance from the fan, such that significantly less juice drops are that suck into the fan and ejected through the discharge duct  34  onto the ground next to the harvester  1 . 
   Although the bars  62  are mounted in a cantilever way, they are still able to sustain a substantial amount of material without deflecting, as they are sustained by the bottoms of the indentures  72  in the apron ridges  70 . By adapting the dimensions of the indentures to the section of the bars  62 , a tight fit can be realised such that each ridge  70  acts as a scraper, removing any material which stick to the bars. Hence such system is self-cleaning. 
   It will be appreciated that thus is provided a simple, yet effective mechanism for separating the juice from the detached fruit and providing a distinct trajectory to the fluid and the solid crop material at the exit of a conveyor. 
   Although the present invention has been described with reference to a particular type of fruit harvester and conveyor assembly, it will be appreciated that other embodiments can be thought of, without departing however from the original idea of the invention. For example, the screen may be constituted by longitudinal elements having a rectangular or triangular cross section. The screen elements may be attached at both their upstream and downstream ends to the conveyor structure in order to provide for a more rigid screen. The fingers extending from the apron  53  need not to be aligned, but may be distributed over the full apron surface. It is also conceivable to replace the apron conveyor with another type of conveyor, for instance a bucket conveyor, and to provide the conveying elements, for instance the buckets, with elements extending through the screen for transporting the crop material which is deposited onto the screen, while the juice is received on or in the conveying elements below the screen. It is also conceivable that the conveyor does not deposit the fruit directly into the container, but that further conveyor mechanism are provided for receiving the cleaned fruit and transporting it to the container. 
   It will be understood that changes in the details, materials, steps and arrangements of parts that have been described and illustrated to explain the nature of the invention will occur to and may be made by those skilled in the art upon reading of this disclosure within the principles and scope of the invention. The foregoing description illustrates the preferred embodiment of the invention. The foregoing description illustrates the preferred embodiment of the invention; however, concepts, as based upon the description, may be employed in other embodiments without departing from the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the following claims are intended to protect the invention broadly as well as in the specific form shown.