Abstract:
A method for the synthesis of TFPX (α, α, α′, α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylene) is disclosed, which comprises the following steps: (a) providing a sulpholane solution comprising TCPX (α, α, α′, α′-tetrachloro-p-xylene); (b) mixing the sulpholane solution with alkali metal fluoride, and phase transfer catalyst to form a mixture, wherein the phase transfer catalyst is quaternary phosphonium salt; and (c) heating the mixture.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a synthesis method and, more particularly, to a synthesis method for preparing TFPX (tetrafluoro-p-xylene). 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Because parylene polymer possess numerous advantages for manufacturing purposes, for example, maintaining the coating environment at room temperature, no residual stress resulting after coating and allowing precise controls on the thickness of the depository film along with parylene polymer&#39;s uniformity, excellent acid and alkali resistance and low dielectric properties, parylene polymer has been widely employed in the practice of electric insulation on printing electric circuit boards, damp-proofing on sensors or medical equipment, preventing corrosion on metal coating, etc. Presently the highly anticipated fluoro parylene polymer, noted for its low dielectric constant and high melting point, will be utilized in dielectric coating in the electrical and coating industries. 
     Fluoro parylene polymer has the structure (1) as follows: 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     Fluoro parylene polymer generally is coated on products by means of chemical vapor deposition in a vacuum state at room temperature. Products coated with parylene polymer possess not only excellent anticorrosive, damp-proof and insulating characteristics, but also have the advantages of being extra-thin, transparent and poreless. Parylene polymer coating is to polymerize the more active monomer on the surface of the object. Unlike the general steps of liquid coating process, this coating process has the polymer (dimer) vaporized first, and the dimer (para-xylylene) bonds are cleaved to yield monomer radical at pyrolysis condition, whereafter it is finally polymerized to form parylene polymer. 
     Moreover, fluoro parylene polymer&#39;s dielectric constant decreases as the quantity of fluorine atoms increases within the polymer, thus octafluoro-2,2-paracyclophane, which is generally used nowadays, has the following structure (2): 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     TFPX (α, α, α′, α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylene), as the molecular structure below shows, is a critical starting material in the process of synthesis for the above dimer. 
     
       
                 
         
             
             
         
      
     
     However, the TFPX synthesis method nowadays is relatively costly, time-consuming and unable to be mass-produced. For example, although TFPX can be obtained from the preparation by mixing TCPX (α, α, α′, α′-tetrachloro-p-xylene) with KF at proper ratio in either an open or closed reaction container, reacting continuously for 12 hours at a temperature of 260° C.˜280° C., a lack of solutions in the reaction will cause a serious gelation problem, similar to what would happen in a solid-state reaction. Such a problem not only hinders the yield of the desired product, it yet further affects the possibility of production expansion. Other typical synthesis methods involve organic compounds comprising carbonyl group, such as terephthaldehyde, to be fluorinated with fluorinating reagents, for example SF 4 , MoF 6 , DAST or HF/Py at proper conditions. Although a better yield of TFPX can be achieved from such preparation, the price of the above-mentioned fluorinating reagents can be rather high. The equipments and preparation conditions can also be relatively unique and complicated, and the leftover gases and liquid wastes are difficult to deal with, thereby greatly raising the cost of preparing TFPX and thus making these methods unfavorable with respect to mass production. 
     Therefore, it is desirable to provide a safe, cost-effective and efficient synthesis method, such that a reduction in the cost of preparing TFPX can play a positive role in production expansion. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention discloses a method for synthesizing TFPX (α, α, α′, α′-tetrafluoro-p-xylene), which comprises the following steps: (a) providing a sulpholane or its derivative solution comprising TCPX (α, α, α′, α′-tetrachloro-p-xylene); (b) mixing the sulpholane or its derivates solution with alkali metal fluorides and a phase transfer catalyst to form a mixture, wherein the phase transfer catalyst (PTC) is quaternary phosphonium salt, and the alkali metal fluorides can be KF, CsF, NaF or LiF.; and (c) heating said mixture to obtain a product. That is, the method of the present invention is to utilize sulpholane or its derivates as a solvent, within which TCPX, KF and PTC are mixed, allowing the heterogeneous-phase fluorination to take place in the solvent. Since TFPX is prepared by the solvent method of the present invention as mentioned above, the gelation issue, which is derived from the dry solid-phase reaction, shall not be a concern and production expansion is viable. 
     In the method of the present invention, the alkali metal fluoride can be any alkali metal fluoride most commonly used for fluorination, preferably KF, CsF, NaF or LiF. In the method of the present invention, the heating temperature in step (c) is above 100° C., preferably between 100° C. to 200° C. Also in the method of the present invention, the heating time is from 20 to 76 hours, preferably in the range of 24 to 48 hours. The method of the present invention further comprises an optional step (d) to clean the said product, preferably with acetone. Also, the method of the present invention further comprises an optional step (e) to dissolve TFPX from the said product, preferably by filtering firstly and separating TFPX apart from the product through distillation. In the method of present invention, the molar ratio of alkali metal fluoride to TCPX is in the range from 1 to 16, preferably from 4 to 8. In the method of present invention, the weight ratio of quaternary phosphonium salt to TCPX can be in the range of 3% to 20%, preferably between 3% and 10%. 
     Moreover, the PTC used in the method of present invention is quaternary phosphonium salt that has the structure (4) as follows: 
                                
wherein the X is Cl, Br or I, and R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  are alkyl group, aryl group, or the combination thereof. This alkyl group is preferably C 1  to C 8  alkyl group, and the aryl group is preferably phenyl group or benzyl group. Hence, R 1 , R 2 , R 3  and R 4  of the quaternary phosphonium salt in the present invention can preferably be the same alkyl group, the same aryl group, different alkyl group or different aryl group. The quaternary phosphonium salt can be (Ph) 4 PBr, (C 4 H 9 ) 4 PBr or (Ph) 3 CPPh 3 Cl.
 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The preferred embodiment of the present invention utilizes slupholane or its derivatives, such as 2,4-dimethylsulpholane, as the solvent, whereas in the comparative examples p-xylene, DPM, DMAC, DMF, NMP and benzonitrile are each utilized as an solvent, in which the comparison of their products, quantity of PTC consumed, conditions of the reactions (temperature and time) and respective yields are organized in a table as shown in Table 1. Refer to Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 as follows for a detailed description of the embodiment. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Using Sulpholane as Solvent 
     The TFPX is prepared by first grinding KF into fine powder and drying at 160° C. (or grinding industrial-grade KF by a ball mill and drying at 210° C.) and taking 320 grams of KF and 160 grams of TCPX in a 1000 ml glass container (at a molar ratio of TCPX to KF 1:8). After that, 8 grams of PTC (tetraphenylphosphonium chloride) and 320 grams of sulpholane are added within a nitrogen atmosphere, forming a slurry state. Then, stirring in an oil bath, the slurry is heated to 160° C., such that the reaction is continued for 48 hours (meanwhile the supply of nitrogen can be discontinued). As the reaction comes to an end, the slurry is cooled and cleansed with acetone. After the slurry has been filtered, a TFPX/acetone/sulpholane siltrate and a KCl/KF cake are obtained. Finally acetone, TFPX and sulpholane are separated using segregated distillation, among which the product—TFPX can be obtained at a 70% yield. 
     COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 
     Using DMAC (Dimethylacetamide) as Solvent 
     The TFPX is prepared by first grinding reagent-grade KF into fine powder and drying at 160° C. (or grinding industrial-grade KF by a ball mill and drying at 210° C.) and taking 10 grams of KF and 5 grams of TCPX in a 250 ml glass reaction container (at a molar ratio of TCPX to KF 1:8). After that, 0.5 gram of PTC (tetraphenylphosphonium chloride) and 4.38 grams of DMAC are added within a nitrogen atmosphere, forming a slurry state. Then, stirring in an oil bath, the slurry is heated to 160° C., such that the reaction is continued for 48 hours (meanwhile the supply of nitrogen can be discontinued). As the reaction comes to an end, the product, through GC analysis, is found to comprise 4F (TFPX, tetrafluoro-p-xylene), 3F (trifluoro-p-xylene), 2F (difluoro-p-xylene) and 1F (monofluoro-p-xylene), in which the following structures (5), (6), (7) and (8) present one of the states of 1F, 2F, 3F, and 4F respectively: 
                                
Within the product, the amounts of 4F, 3F, 2F and 1F are 20, 38, 42 and 0 respectively in terms of their GC area percentages, showing that using DMAC as a solvent to synthesize TFPX will cause products to be mostly retained at intermediates (3F and 2F), while the amount of the finished product (4F) is considerably limited and is difficult to purified by distillation as a result.
 
     The present invention utilizes sulpholane as a solvent that allows the fluorination of TCPX to occur in a liquid state. In other words, the present invention prepares TFPX by the solvent method thereby avoiding gelation, which can be observed from the dry solid-phase reaction. Such a solvent method favors production expansion and possesses advanced utility properties for the benefit of the relevant industries. 
     Although the present invention has been explained in relation to its preferred embodiment, it is to be understood that many other possible modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of the invention as hereinafter claimed. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 TCPX 
                   
                 solvent 
                   
                 reaction 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 amount 
                 KF amount 
                   
                 amount 
                 PTC amount 
                 temperature 
                 reaction time 
                   
               
               
                   
                 added(gm) 
                 added(gm) 
                 kind 
                 add(gm) 
                 added(gm) 
                 (° C.) 
                 (hr) 
                 yield (%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comparative 
                 5.00 
                 10.00 
                 DMAC 
                 4.38 
                  0.50(Cl) 
                 160~165 
                 47.0 
                 — 
               
               
                 Example 1 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 5.00 
                 10.04 
                 Xylene 
                 10.31 
                  0.51(Cl) 
                 150~155 
                 49.0 
                 — 
               
               
                 Example 2 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 4.99 
                 10.05 
                 DPM 
                 6.11 
                  0.50(Cl) 
                 160~165 
                 69.0 
                 — 
               
               
                 Example 3 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 11.24 
                 22.79 
                 DMF 
                 11.17 
                  1.13(Cl) 
                 150~155 
                 50.0 
                 — 
               
               
                 Example 4 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 25.01 
                 51.27 
                 NMP 
                 47.55 
                  2.51(Br) 
                 150~155 
                 71.0 
                 4.33 
               
               
                 Example 5 
               
               
                 Comparative 
                 10.05 
                 21.07 
                 Benzonitrile 
                 11.46 
                  1.00(Br) 
                 155~160 
                 77.0 
                 20.17 
               
               
                 Example 6 
               
               
                 Example 1 
                 160.11 
                 320.21 
                 Sulpholane 
                 320.18 
                  8.00(Br) 
                 155~160 
                 48.0 
                 67.97 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 20.26 
                 40.63 
                 Sulpholane 
                 39.65 
                  1.01(Br) 
                 155~160 
                 48.0 
                 57.99 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 2500.37 
                 4999.9 
                 Sulpholane 
                 4121.72 
                 125.1(Br) 
                 155~160 
                 48.0 
                 69.41 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 20.47 
                 40.3 
                 2,4-dimethyl 
                 37.8 
                  1.0(Br) 
                 153~173 
                 48.0 
                 40.24 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 sulpholane 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 20.74 
                 40.70 
                 Sulpholane 
                 69.46 
                  1.04(Bu) 
                 160~165 
                 48.0 
                 46.27 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DPM: diphenylmethane, 
               
               
                 DMAC: dimethylacetamide 
               
               
                 DMF: dimethylformamide, 
               
               
                 NMP: N-methylpyrrolidone 
               
               
                 PTC: tetraphenylphosphonium chloride(Cl), tetraphenylphosphonium bromide(Br) tetrabutylphosphonium chloride(Bu)