Abstract:
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a lamp including a plurality of semi-conductor light emitting junctions with a common layer of fluorescent material arranged thereover, wherein the junctions are provided in a three-dimensional array.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]     This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/049,572, filed on Feb. 14, 2002, which is the entry into the National Phase, Under 35 U.S.C. § 371, of International Patent Application PCT/AU01/00717 filed on Jun. 15, 2001, and published in English as WO 0197287, which claims priority to Australian Patent Application PQ8181/00, filed on Jun. 15, 2000, the entire disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by reference herein 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     The present invention relates to an LED lamp.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]     U.S. Pat. No. 5,998,925 discloses a light emitting device which comprises a semi-conductor light emitting layer embedded in a transparent globe. A fluorescent material covers the semi-conductor layer to receive the emitted light for transmission at a different wavelength, i.e. in a predetermined colour.  
         [0004]     To increase the intensity of the light output, additional semi-conductor devices may be added, such as shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,289,082, which discloses an LED lamp having a plurality of semi-conductive chips mounted in a translucent body. Each chip emits a discrete light pattern, however, and that may be undesirable if the light from the lamp is desired to have an appearance of emitting from a single, point-like light source. In U.S. Pat. No. 5,289,082, the discrete light outputs are combined and focussed, by specific shaping of the body to produce an overall light output having a required illumination pattern.  
         [0005]     GB 2311126 discloses a comparatively large scale light source which includes an array of separately mounted light emitting diodes which appear to have respective leads hardwired to a planar conductor. The diodes are encapsulated by a lens which is used to focus the light from the array.  
       OBJECT OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     The present invention seeks to provide an alternative form of LED lamp which can provide high intensity output by utilising a plurality of light emitting diodes, whilst maintaining the appearance of a substantially point source of illumination.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007]     In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a lamp including a plurality of semi-conductor light emitting junctions with a common layer of fluorescent material arranged thereover, wherein the junctions are provided in a three-dimensional array.  
         [0008]     In another aspect, there is provided a lamp including a plurality of semi-conductor light emitting junctions with a common layer of fluorescent material arranged thereover, wherein the junctions are mounted to a curved support structure so as to be arranged substantially on an imaginary spheroid surface.  
         [0009]     The common layer of fluorescent material can serve to receive light from adjacent junctions and transmit same in a distributed fashion, so that the resultant light appears, to the naked eye, to be emanating from a single point source of illumination. Further, the layer can be applied over the junctions in a single step, and that in turn can lead to substantial simplification in the procedure for constructing the lamp, as compared to formation of the discrete chips of U.S. Pat. No. 5,289,082, which would need to be individually constructed or produced using additional steps of masking and etching.  
         [0010]     Preferably, the lamp includes a globe portion and the junctions are embedded within the globe portion so that the lamp is formed as a unitary structure.  
         [0011]     Preferably, the junctions are mounted to, and electrically coupled with, at least one curved conductor.  
         [0012]     In another broad aspect, the invention provides a lamp including a plurality of light emitting junctions mounted to at least one curved conductor so as to adopt a three-dimensional array, wherein the lamp includes a common layer of fluorescent material over at least adjacent junctions.  
         [0013]     In yet another aspect, there is provided a lamp including a plurality of light emitting junctions mounted to at least one (curved conductor so as to adopt a three-dimensional array, wherein the at least one curved conductor includes a recess for receipt of a respective one of the junctions.  
         [0014]     Preferably, the at least one curved conductor is configured such that junctions are arranged substantially on an imaginary spheroid surface.  
         [0015]     The curved configuration of the conductors and, in particular, the junctions being arranged on a substantially spheroid imaginary surface provides an advantage that the overall light generated by the lamp will appear to be coming from a generally singular small spherical or point source.  
         [0016]     Preferably, the recess has side walls which function as an optical guide for controlling the direction of light transmission and/or the angle of divergence.  
         [0017]     Preferably, the lamp includes a globe portion, with the junctions and the at least one curved conductor being embedded within the globe portion so that the lamp is formed as a unitary structure.  
         [0018]     Preferably, the lamp includes a lens adapted to fit with the globe portion, and configured to shape the light emitted from the globe portion into a predetermined pattern. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0019]     The invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings in which:  
         [0020]      FIG. 1  is a side-view of an LED lamp;  
         [0021]      FIG. 2  is a plan-view of the lamp of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0022]      FIG. 3  is a circuit diagram for the lamp of  FIGS. 1 and 2 ;  
         [0023]      FIG. 4  is a diagrammatic cross-sectional view of a second LED lamp;  
         [0024]      FIG. 5  is a circuit diagram of the lamp of  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0025]      FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view of the lamp of  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0026]      FIG. 7  is a plan view of the lamp of  FIG. 4 ,  
         [0027]      FIG. 8  is a representation of an illumination pattern of the lamp of FIGS.  4  to  7 ;  
         [0028]      FIG. 9  is a plan view of a third lamp;  
         [0029]      FIG. 10  is a circuit diagram for the lamp of  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0030]      FIG. 11  is a front view of the lamp of  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0031]      FIG. 12  is a side view of the lamp of  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0032]      FIG. 13  is a side view of a lens for fitting on the lamp of  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0033]      FIG. 14  is a cross-sectional view taken along the line X-X shown in  FIG. 9 ;  
         [0034]      FIG. 15  is a cross-sectional view taken along the line Y-Y shown in  FIG. 10 ; and,  
         [0035]      FIG. 16  is a representation of the illumination pattern produced by the lamp of FIGS.  9  to  12 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0036]     The lamp, as shown in  FIG. 1 , includes a globe portion  2  with a cylindrical base  3  and a parabolic end  4 , configured to enhance illumination output in an axial direction of the lamp. The lamp also includes first and second terminals, which are preferably in the form of conductors  5 , 6  which are embedded within the globe portion  2 . The lead  5  has a support platform  7  to which is mounted an integrated circuit wafer  8 . In the example given, the wafer includes two junctions which are arranged substantially adjacent each other so that a common layer of fluorescent material, such as a phosphor layer, may be applied over both junctions. Intermediate conductors  9  to  12  electrically couple the junctions to the respective terminal  5 , 6  so that the LED junctions  14 , 15  are arranged in reverse polarity, as indicated in the circuit diagram  FIG. 3 . A resistive element  16  is provided between a further conductor  13  (connecting the intermediate conductors  11  and  12 ) and the lead  5 .  
         [0037]     The conductors  5 , 6 , intermediate conductors  9  to  13 , and wafer  8  are all embedded within the globe portion  2  so that the lamp is presented as a robust unitary structure. The reverse polarity of the junctions allows the lamp to be connected to a power source without concern for polarity, as compared to the case with a conventional LED arrangement. The use of a single phosphor layer, common to each of the junctions, also simplifies manufacture and provides an aesthetic advantage in that the light from either junction is perceived to originate from a single source.  
         [0038]     In a preferred form of the LED lamp, the following specifications may apply:  
                                       NOMINAL SIZE   9.5 mm diameter       LIGHT COLOUR   WHITE       GLOBE COLOUR   WATER CLEAR       LIGHT INTENSITY   SUPERBRIGHT           TYPICAL LIGHT           OUTPUT &gt;500 mCd @ 20 mA       GUARANTEED LIFE   30,000 HOURS       FOCUS   HALF ANGLE 15° typ.       BASE STYLE   INTERCHANGEABLE WITH WEDGE           TYPE LAMPS       LEAD DIMENSIONS   6 mm nom. OUTSIDE BASE WEDGE       SUPPLY VOLTAGE   12 VOLTS nom. {&gt;11.5 &lt; 14 volts AC or DC}       FORWARD CURRENT   20 +8/−3 mA @ 12 Volts       FORWARD VOLTAGE   3.6 min (typ) 4.0 max. @ 20 mA       REVERSE VOLTAGE   5 Volts min.       POWER DISSIPATION   LED JUNCTIONS 120 Mw           RESISTOR 170 mW       REVERSE CURRENT   50 × 10 −3  mA max. @ 5 V       INTERNAL RESISTOR   430 ohms nom.                  
 
         [0039]     It should, however, be appreciated that the size configuration and operating parameters of any of the component parts of tie lamp may vary, as required and the number of LED junctions may also be increased ton suit illumination needs.  
         [0040]     A second lamp  20  is now described with reference to FIGS.  4  to  8 . The lamp  20  is generally similar in construction to that of FIGS.  1  to  3 , in sofar as first and second terminals  21  and  22  are provided, in the form of conductors  23 , 24  embedded in a globe portion  25 , together with additional conductors  26 , 27 . Each of the conductors  23 , 26  and  27  have a respective recess  28 , to profile support structure for receiving an associated junction, indicated by reference numerals  29 , 30 , 31 . The junctions are covered by a common layer of phosphor  35  and are electrically coupled between each respective conductors  23 , 26 , 27  to which they are mounted, and the adjacent conductor via intermediate conductors  32 , 33 , 34 . In the example shown, the junctions are serially connected, as represented by the circuit diagram of  FIG. 5 .  
         [0041]     All of the conductors  23 ,  24 , 26 , 27  are preferably formed in a two dimensional lead frame structure  40  shown in  FIG. 6 , to allow ease of manufacture and reliability in directly positioning the junctions  29 , 30 , 31  within the globe portion  25 , after application of the phosphor layer  35 . As can be seen from both  FIGS. 6 and 7 , the junctions  29 , 30 , 31  are arranged in a generally linear array, with the conductors  23 , 27  projecting above the conductor  26  so that the overall illumination generated by the junctions will be somewhat enhanced on-axis, as represented in  FIG. 8  by curve A.  
         [0042]     The lamp  20  may also be provided with a lens  41  which is fitted to the globe portion  25  and shaped so as to modify the light generated by the lamp to produce, for example, the illumination pattern represented by curve B in  FIG. 8 , whereby the output illumination is somewhat more evenly distributed.  
         [0043]     Turning now to FIGS.  9  to  16 , a third lamp  50  is illustrated. Again, the lamp  50  is in general similar to the previous lamp construction in sofar as a plurality of conductors  51 , 52 , 53  and  54  are embedded within a unitary globe portion  55  and have light emitting junctions  56  mounted in respective recesses  57  and covered by a common layer of fluorescent material  59 . Each junction is again electrically coupled to the respective conductor to which it is mounted and an adjacent conductor via intermediate conductors  58  so as to form the circuit illustrated in  FIG. 10 . Each of the conductors  51  to  54 , in this instance, however, carrying three junctions  56 .  
         [0044]     The conductors  51  to  54  are curved within the globe portion  55  so as to support the junctions on an imaginary curved surface such as a spheroid and, in that manner, the illumination generated by the lamp  50  will have an appearance of emanating from a small, generally spheroid point like source. A lens  60  may also be provided for modifying the output of the junctions to produce a more even distribution pattern such as represented by curve C in  FIG. 16 , which is the illumination output observed from a plan view of the lamp  50 , i.e. when the lamp is seen from the same direction as viewed in  FIG. 9 .  
         [0045]     In addition to modifying the light output by using the lens  60 , it is also possible to arrange the conductors in any desired configuration and the construction of the recesses  57  may also be used to assist in controlling the directional output of the light emitted from the various junctions. In particular, the configuration of each recess may be such that for example, the recess side walls act as optical guides to control the direction and/or angle of divergence of light emitted from each junction.  
         [0046]     More specifically, the shape of each recess and its effect on the light output from the junctions will now be described in more detail with reference to  FIGS. 14 and 15 , which show cross-sectional views of the relevant conductors taken along the lines X-X and Y-Y shown in  FIGS. 11 and 12  respectively.  
         [0047]     The recesses  57  containing the LED junctions are positioned and shaped in the conductors  51 , 52 , 53  so that the beams of light emerging from the recesses may be combined in free space outside the lamp  50  in predictable patterns determined by the radius of the imaginary part spherical surface designated ‘R’, the distance from the LED junction in the recess to the intersection of the imaginary extension of the sides of a recess—designated ‘r’ and the angle ‘A’ between the centre line  61  of the lamp  50  and a centre line  62  passing through the perpendicular to any other LED junction.  
         [0048]     The radius ‘R’ of the imaginary spherical surface is the distance from the intersection of those centre lines to the LED junction within the recess. The angle between the sides of a recess determines the value of the ‘r’.  
         [0049]     In the limiting case where ‘r’ is equal to or greater than “R”, the light from each LED junction will be shaped by the recesses into beams which do not cross, regardless of the value of angle ‘A’. For all values of ‘r’ less than ‘R’ it will be possible to have the light beam from each LED junction coincide with the edges of the light beams from adjacent LED junctions. The exact positioning if this instance will be determined by the ratio R/r and the value of angle ‘A’.  
         [0050]     As may be appreciated from the above, the present invention allows considerable scope for obtaining a light source using junction diodes, with a predetermined one of a variety of output illumination patterns whilst maintaining a generally simple construction. A particular advantage is that the various junctions are of small size and may be configured to produce a light output which may be perceived by the naked eye to be emanating from a single point source of light.  
         [0051]     The above LED lamps have been described by way of non-limiting example only, and many modifications and variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as hereinbefore described.