Abstract:
The invention is concerned with blends of cocoa-butter replacement fats A which are high in SSU and fats B which are high in S&#39;OS&#39;, wherein: 
     fats A display a ratio ##EQU1## fats A and B are present in amounts providing an SSU content of ≧50% and an S&#39;OS&#39; content of &lt;30% in the blend (S=saturated fatty acid, S&#39;=saturated C 16  -C 18 , U=unsaturated fatty acid; O=oleic acid).

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Confectionery fats that are used for the preparation of confectionery products often need to be tempered in order to bring the triglycerides into the desired stable crystal form. This is especially true of fats based on symmetrical mono-unsaturated triglycerides of the SUS type, such as cocoa butter and cocoa-butter substitutes containing shea, illipe or palm oil fractions. However, tempering is a difficult, sophisticated, time- and energy-consuming technique and therefore industry would prefer to avoid tempering, if possible. 
     For this purpose, much effort has-been spent finding vegetable fat compositions that do not need to be tempered. Solutions were found in the use of lauric-type fats and in fats high in trans-fatty acids. However, the use of these fats entailed other problems as lauric fats hydrolyze easily, leading to an undesirable off-taste, while trans-fatty acids have an unknown dietary significance and can also lead to post-hardening during product storage, causing a poor mouthfeel. 
     Efforts over many years to derive satisfactory vegetable-based, non-tempering, non-trans, non-post-hardening, non-lauric confectionery fats for stable, bloom-resistant products have so far been unsuccessful. 
     In BP 841,316 and BP 841,317 the use of lard and tallow animal fat fractions is disclosed as additives to cocoa butter and palm triglycerides for incorporation in chocolate. The lard fractions disclosed are known to contain triglycerides of the SSU type but the disclosed fractions are incorporated with up to 60 wt. % of fats containing high amounts (&gt;75%) of SUS triglycerides for their intended use. 
     In EP 354,025 a fat composition is disclosed that contains at least 20 wt. % of triglycerides of the SSU type (S=saturated fatty acids; U=unsaturated fatty acids). These fats are reported to prevent bloom formation of confectionery fats, in particular in chocolate. According to the Examples, only limited amounts of SSU are added to the fat composition. Therefore, in all the cases where the SSU fat was added to a fat requiring tempering, tempering still had to be performed. Only when non-tempering fats were used that are high in trans-fatty acids could tempering be omitted. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     We have now found new all-vegetable, non-tempering, non-lauric fat compositions useful for confectionery products in which properties, such as demoulding behaviour, gloss, hardness and melt-down remain surprisingly good. 
     Our new non-tempering, non-trans, all-vegetable confectionery fat compositions comprise at least a cocoa-butter replacement fat A that is high in SSU and a fat B that is high in S&#39;OS&#39;, wherein fat A displays a ratio between the solid fat indices, measured at 30° C., stabilized and unstabilized (NMR pulse) of ##EQU2## and wherein fats A and B are present in ratios providing a fat blend with an SSU content of at least 50 wt. % and an S&#39;OS&#39; content of less than 30 wt. %, wherein S=saturated fatty acid having C 16  -C 24  ; S&#39;=saturated fatty acid having C 16  /C 18 , O=oleic acid and U=predominantly oleic and/or linoleic acid. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     N 30  (stab)-values are conveniently measured after rapidly cooling the fat from 80° C. to 0° C., keeping it at 0° C. for 1.5 hrs; 40 hrs at 25° C.; 1.5 hrs at 0° C.; 1 hr at 20° C.; 1 hr at 25° C. and 1 hr at 30° C. 
     N 30  (unstab) were measured after the following regime: cooling from 80° C. to 0° C.; 1.5 hrs at 0° C.; 1 hr at 20° C.; 1 hr at 25° C. and 1 hr at 30° C. 
     Although according to above the N 30  ratio applies for fat A, it is very convenient when also the blend of fats A and B meets this same requirement. 
     Preferred ranges for the S&#39;OS&#39; content are: less than 20 wt. % in particular 5-15 wt. %; and for the SSU content: more than 60 wt. %, in particular 65-75 wt. %. 
     In this way, compositions are obtained wherein fats A and B are completely compatible. For this purpose, it is preferred that the ratio between the N-values at 30° C. is less than 2. 
     Fat A is advantageously a fat containing at least 60 wt. %, in particular at least 75 wt. % of SSU. Very convenient is a fat A wherein more than 60 wt. % of PPO (P=palmitic) is present. 
     Very good results were obtained by applying a fat A with a very sharp N-profile. An N-profile of N 20  &gt;80 and N 35  &lt;8.0 (NMR pulse, not stabilized) is very suitable. 
     Examples of very suitable fats A are: fractions from an enzymatically made product from the conversion of a fat rich in saturated fatty acids, in particular a palm top fraction high in P3 and a compound providing oleic acid moieties (as disclosed in EP 209,327). 
     Fat B is a fat that has a high content of S&#39;OS&#39;. Preferred fats have an S&#39;OS&#39; content of at least 70 wt. %. The most preferred fat B is cocoa butter. 
     For the use of blends of fats A and B in confectionery product, fats A and B are blended in ratios of 95-65 wt. % of fat A and 5-35 wt. % of fat B. In this way, the desired fat compositions can easily be obtained. 
     Another part of our invention is the use of a fat A that is high in SSU and preferably contains at least 60 wt. % of SSU in chocolate compositions in order to obtain non-temper chocolate that demoulds easily and at the same time displays good gloss, hardness and melt-down properties. 
     Confectionery products containing the fat compositions disclosed above are also part of our invention. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES I and II 
     I: A small quantity of chocolate (100 g) was made initially using a typical coating recipe (Table I) with an fat rich in PPO (see Table II) replacing CB. The chocolate was not refined or conched and was used to establish satisfactory cooling tunnel conditions for moulding 50 g-bars of chocolate, commencing at 50° C. This indicated that cooling tunnel temperatures should not be as low as 10° C. or as high as 19° C. for satisfactory demoulding. Avoidance of low cooling tunnel temperatures has throughput and energy benefits. 
     II: A further quantity of chocolate coating was made (Table III), following standard refining and conching procedures. This chocolate was diluted with standard CB plain chocolate to give coatings ranging in CB content from 4.8% to 28.7%. 
     Typical N 30  (stab)/N 30  (unstab) measurements for such coating fat blends are shown in Table IV. 
     The molten chocolates were directly block-moulded in a cooling tunnel without tempering and stored at various temperatures. Chocolate hardness was typical of plain chocolate (Table V) and gloss retention was good in products containing less than 15% CB in the fat phase (Table VI). 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________Chocolate Coating Recipe (100 g)______________________________________Cocoa powder (10/12)             14%Skimmed milk powder              7%Sugar             48%Fat               31%Lecithin          0.4%______________________________________ [CB 4.8% on fat phase 
    
     The ingredients were thoroughly mixed at 50°-60° C. without refining or conching. 
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________Composition of PPO fat______________________________________   TG   SSS   6.7   SOS   2.0   OSS   77.1   SSLn  4.5   SOO   1.1   OSO   7.8   SOLn  0.6   FAME   C14:0 0.5   C16:0 55.6   C18:0 7.4   C18:1 33.1   C18:2 1.9______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________Chocolate coating recipe (refined and conched)Refining RecipeCocoa powder            16%Skimmed milk powder      8%Sugar                   54.5%Fat                     21%Lecithin                0.2%Conching Recipe (6 hours at 50-60° C.)Refined paste           88%Fat                     12%Lecithin                0.2%Chocolate Blends                      Chocolate blendCoating rich in OPP         Plain chocolate                      Fat phase CB______________________________________100%           0%          4.8%95%            5%          9.7%90%           10%          14.5%85%           15%          19.0%75%           25%          28.7%______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________Fat blend        N30Fat A      Fat B     N30       N30    N30(PPO rich) (SOS rich)                (stab)    (unstab)                                 ratio______________________________________100         0        45.2      37.8   1.290         10        28.1      25.7   1.180         20        23.0      18.4   1.2570         30        32.6      14.3   2.3______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________Hardness of chocolate coating rich in OPP (2 weeks&#39; storage)% CB on chocolatecoating      Penetration (mm.sup.-1)                      Hardness (kg cm.sup.-2)fat phase    20° C.                 25° C.                          20° C.                                 25° C.______________________________________4.8%         10.5     18.5     68     329.7%         11.0     22.0     64     2614.5%        11.5     26.0     61     21Typical plain        13       20       52     29chocolate______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________Gloss Retention/Bloom in Chocolate coatings                   Surface condition% Cocoa butter      Surface conditions                   1 month × 12 hr cycleson fat phase      2 months at 20° C.                   15° C./25° C.______________________________________4.8%       Good         Fairly good gloss,                   bloom-free9.7%       Good         Fairly good gloss,                   bloom-free14.5%      Good         Dull, patchy,                   growth of large crystals19.0%      Fairly good, Dull, patchy,      bloom-free   growth of large crystals28.7%      Fairly good, Completely dull      bloom-free______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE III 
     In a further experiment two separate chocolate coatings were made (Table VII), following standard refining and conching procedures using: 
     (i) a fat A rich in OPP and 
     (ii) a fat B rich in POP 
     These coatings were blended to give coatings ranging in SOS content from 0% to 20% (Table VIII). 
     The molten chocolates were directly block-moulded in a cooling tunnel without tempering and stored at 20° C. Gloss retention was satisfactory in coatings containing up to 20% SOS triglycerides on the fat phase (Table VIII). 
     
                       TABLE VII______________________________________Refining RecipeCocoa powder           16%Skimmed milk powder     8%Sugar                  54.5%Fat A or Fat B         21%Lecithin               0.2%Conching recipe (5 hours at 50-60° C.)Refined paste          8.8%Fat A or Fat B         12%Lecithin               0.2%Chocolate blends                       Coating blend                       fat phaseCoating rich in OPP        Coating rich in POP                       S&#39;S&#39;U   S&#39;OS&#39;______________________________________100           0             79       690           10             72      1380           20             65      2070           30             57      27______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE VIII______________________________________Gloss retention in chocolate coatings at 20° C.Coating blend    Chocolate surfacefat phase (%)    1 month  3 months______________________________________79 S&#39;S&#39;O/6 S&#39;OS&#39; good     fair72 S&#39;S&#39;O/13 S&#39;OS&#39;            good     good65 S&#39;S&#39;0/20 S&#39;OS&#39;            good     fair57 S&#39;S&#39;O/27 S&#39;OS&#39;            dull     --______________________________________ S&#39; = saturated fatty acids having C.sub.16 and C.sub.18 in a ratio of about 8.