Abstract:
Electrical signals are received corresponding to sets of digital data, and output optical signals are delivered, corresponding to the digital data, on at least two optical channels corresponding to different sets of the digital data, using light from a single light source. In another scheme, the optical switch may be integrated with an optical transmission medium (e.g., an optical cable).

Description:
This application is a divisional of U.S. application 08/905,813, filed Jul. 31, 1997, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,809,186, which in turn is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/669,944, filed on Jun. 25, 1996, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND 
     This invention relates to optical-signal processing. 
     Systems for optical-signal processing, such as Motorola&#39;s OPTOBUS™ link, send bit streams (e.g., channels of information) encoded as light pulses from one computer to another in a multiplexed fashion. The OPTOBUS™ link includes two integrated circuits for, respectively, sending and receiving multiplexed light pulses. The first integrated circuit has ten laser diodes which receive bit streams from the first computer and emit corresponding streams of light pulses. The light pulses pass through an optical cable to the second integrated circuit, which contains ten light detectors for converting the light pulses into a series of demultiplexed bit streams. 
     SUMMARY 
     In general, in one aspect, the invention features receiving, on a single integrated circuit, electrical signals corresponding to sets of digital data, and, on the same integrated circuit, delivering output optical signals, corresponding to the digital data, on at least two optical channels corresponding to different sets of the digital data, using light from a single light source. 
     Implementations of the invention may include one or more of the following. The electrical signals may represent separate sets of the digital data which then may be carried on corresponding sets of the optical channels. The output optical signals may be delivered by an optical processor that includes an optical switch for switching light from the single light source to the optical channels selectively. The optical channels may include waveguides that receive light switched from the single light source, which may deliver light continuously. The waveguides may be formed in a polymeric substrate, including a material that undergoes capacitively induced changes in index of refraction. The single light source may include a source waveguide and a diode. Each of the optical channels may include an end adjacent and parallel to the single light source for receiving the switched light. The optical switch may include an electro-optical switching device that receives electrical control signals corresponding to the digital data and causes corresponding optical switching from the single light source to the optical channels. The electro-optical switching device may include plates of a capacitor adjacent a region in which the first end of each of the optical channels is in close proximity to the single light source. The control circuitry may be formed on the integrated circuit. 
     The optical processor may include at least ten optical channels, or any number of channels limited by the size of the integrated circuit, the driving power, and the optical source power. The single light source may also be formed on the integrated circuit. An optical transmission medium (e.g., a multiple fiber optical ribbon cable) may be coupled to outputs of the optical channels. 
     In another aspect, the invention features forming at least a portion of the single light source and the control circuitry on a single integrated circuit, and integrating the optical switch with the optical transmission medium. 
     In another aspect, the invention features an optical transmission cable having an input optical waveguide extending from an input end of cable for connection to a source of light; separate output optical waveguides extending along the length of the cable from the input optical waveguide to an output end of the cable; and an optical switch for switching light from the input optical waveguide selectively to the output optical waveguides; the input and output waveguides and the optical switch are configured to form a freestanding cable. 
     In other aspects, the invention includes a computer having a CPU, a memory, peripheral devices, and either the optical device for use with signals being processed in the computer, or the optical transmission cable. 
     Among the advantages of the invention may be one or more of the following. The optical signal transmitter need include only a single light source, and may therefore be relatively easy and inexpensive to make. The transmitter&#39;s switching device can switch light from the single laser into a large number (e.g., greater than 10) of waveguides. 
     Other advantages and features of the invention will be apparent from the following description and from the claims. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an optical-signal transmitter. 
     FIGS. 2A and 2B are, respectively, top and cross-sectional views (at  2 B on FIG. 2A) of an optical switching device. 
     FIG. 3 is a block diagram of control circuitry. 
     FIGS. 4A-4C are top views of a primary and secondary optical waveguide, respectively, prior to, during, and after a switching event. 
     FIG. 5 is a plot of the time-dependent intensity of a light pulse within the secondary waveguide of FIG.  4 C. 
     FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an another-optical-signal transmitter. 
    
    
     In FIG. 1 an optical-signal transmitter  10  converts input bit streams carried as electrical signals into corresponding streams of light pulses. The transmitter  10  sends the streams of light pulses on respective fiber waveguides of a multiple-fiber optical ribbon cable  16  to an optical-signal receiver  24 . The receiver  24  detects the light pulses and converts them into electrical signals representing a set of replica bit streams. The transmitter  10  and receiver  24  are used, for example, to send bit streams from one computer to another. 
     The transmitter  10  includes an integrated circuit  14  which connects at its front face  26  to the optical ribbon cable  16 . The cable  16  contains multiple optical waveguides  15 , each carrying one of the streams of light pulses to the receiver  24 . The integrated circuit  14  receives input bit streams, for example, at respective conductor of an array  17  and processes the signals in a control circuit  18 . The control circuit  18  processes the bit streams and controls a single diode laser light source  20  and an optical switching device  22 . The last diode  20  emits “input” light into the optical switching device  22 . The switching device  22  switches portions of the input light to generate a stream of “output” light pulses corresponding to the input bit streams. Separate streams of output light pulses leaving the front face  26  of the integrated circuit enter waveguides  15  in the optical ribbon cable  16 , and propagate to the optical-signal receiver  24 . 
     In the example of FIGS. 2A and 2B, the switching device  22  includes a single primary optical waveguide  30  and four secondary optical waveguides  32   a-d  formed in a polymer sheet  35 . The primary optical waveguide  30  includes an input face  51  which receives continuous input light from the light source  20 . Each secondary waveguide  32   a - 32   d  includes an input end  40   a - 40   d  which receives switched light from the primary waveguide and an exit face  57   a-d  which delivers streams of output light pulses into separate waveguides  15  within the ribbon cable  16 . As shown in FIG. 2B, the switching device  22  also includes glass (or air or polymeric) layers  37   a,b  between which the polymer sheet  35  is sandwiched. The layers  37   a-b  have indices of refraction which are higher than of the polymer, and thus function as an optical fiber “cladding” which confines light within the waveguides. 
     Switching of light from the primary optical waveguide  30  into the secondary optical waveguides  32   a-d  occurs at switching regions  101   a - 101   d . At each switching region  101   a-d , the input end  40   a - 40   d  of one of the secondary optical waveguide is parallel with and adjacent to a corresponding portion  47   a - 47   d  of the primary optical waveguide. Each switching region is sandwiched between top  52   a-d  and bottom  53   a-d  plates of a capacitor  45   a-d  for applying an electric field to the polymer sheet  35  to effect the light switching. 
     FIGS.  3  and  4 A- 4 C show how the control circuit  18 , and optical switching device  22  switch output light pulses into each of the secondary optical waveguides. The control circuit  18  includes a controller  19 , a laser driver  21 , and a switch driver  23 . The laser light source  20  continuously emits input light with a time-independent intensity I 0  in response to a voltage  29  from the laser driver  21 . In response to the input electrical streams  27 , controller  19  causes the switch driver to deliver sequences of voltage pulses  31   a-d  to the capacitors in the optical switching device. The capacitors  45   a-d  receive the respective sequences of voltage pulses  31   a-d  from the switch driver  23  and switch corresponding streams of output light pulses into the secondary waveguide. 
     The switching is triggered by capacitively induced changes of the refractive index in the thin bridge of the polymer sheet  35  separating the portions  40   a ,  47   a  of the primary and secondary optical waveguides. The refractive index change switches an output light pulse of intensity I 1  into the secondary optical waveguide  32   a  during a time period (t 1 -t 2 ) that the voltage is applied. As seen in FIG. 5, I 1  has a square-wave profile and a duration of t 1 -t 2 . In general, the light pulses in each secondary waveguide will include a series of square waves corresponding to an input electrical bit stream. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,186,865 “Electro-optical Materials and Light Modulating Devices Containing the Same”, incorporated herein by reference, describes a polymer sheet for the switching device. Optical waveguides are fabricated in the polymer sheet using known masking techniques and ultraviolet optical radiation. The polymer exhibits a voltage-dependent refractive index change. 
     Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims. For example, fewer or more (even many more) secondary waveguides and capacitors may be included in the switching device. The integrated circuit may also include multiple laser diodes, at least one of which is connected to an optical switching device. The optical-signal transmitter may use other methods for switching light from one waveguide to another, such as modulation of the light&#39;s polarization. As seen in FIG. 6, the switching device  22  may be integrated with the optical ribbon cable  16  to form a single cable  72  attached to a front face  26  of the integrated circuit  14 . Inside the cable  72  are electrical leads which supply voltage from the control circuit to the switching device. The optical function need not be on the same integrated circuit or other components, provided that they are part of a single packaged component, such as a package having a pin grid array. The laser diode  20  may be integrated with the laser driver  21  or formed separately depending on the cost of fabrication.