Abstract:
The invention concerns an apparatus comprising a container ( 1 ) closed with a lid ( 6 ) storing the product to be dispensed, a cylinder communicating with the container ( 1 ) and whereof the bottom is provided with an outlet, a piston ( 12 ) traversed by at least one orifice ( 13 ), sliding in the cylinder, a check valve ( 25 ) mobile between positions opening and closing the orifice ( 13 ), said check valve ( 25 ) being urged by a spring towards its opening position, a dispensing nozzle communicating with the outlet and provided with a normally closed plug which opens by the effect of the pressure of the product contained in the cylinder, and means for actuating the piston from outside the container ( 1 ). The invention is useful for making pancakes.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Summary of the Invention 
     The present invention concerns a device for distributing predetermined quantities of liquid and/or pasty products, as well as an installation for the production of food preparations using said device. 
     It applies in particular, but not exclusively, to the embodiment of installations for the production of pancakes. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Generally speaking, for this type of application, there are already available installations including: 
     a horizontal cooking top with one or several cooking plates, 
     a mobile paste distributor above the cooking top so as to be able to lay the dough on the cooking plate(s) and then be moved away from the latter to enable an operator to carry out all the necessary handlings (especially tossing) for cooking the pancakes. 
     The patent FR No 94 1479 filed in the name of the Applicant concerns a dough distributor including a refrigerated tank whose bottom includes a distribution orifice controlled by an obturator able to be activated by a side handle. 
     This solution proves to be particularly advantageous and makes it possible to increase the production rates of pancakes whilst reducing to a strict minimum the time required for laying the paste on the cooking plates. 
     Nevertheless, it does have a certain number of drawbacks the invention seeks to eliminate: 
     It does not make it possible to accurately apportion the paste quantities laid on the plate. During laying, the operator works on the basis of an evaluation of the amount of paste placed in the plate so as to close the obturator, the opening time needing to be continuously modified according to the amount of paste remaining in the device. Apart from the fact that this evaluation is rough, it has the drawback of not taking into account the quantity of paste which flows after closing of the obturator. This placing operation is thus inaccurate and nevertheless preoccupies all the attention of the operator who cannot at the same time carry out another task (for example monitoring another cooking plate). 
     After closing, the obturator and the pipe situated downstream of the latter allow paste drips to escape which, owing to the mobility of the measuring device, soils various portions of the cooking plate. The operator thus needs to periodically clean the cooking plate, thus interrupting the pancake production rate 
     For these reasons, the distributor described in said patent Fr is clearly unsuitable when it is associated with other distributors of the same type, for example to allow the operator to select the paste or indeed the distribution of ingredients or accompanying food, such as cream, fondu chocolate, sauce. 
     OBJECT OF THE INVENTION 
     So as to eliminate all these drawbacks, the invention concerns a distribution device of said type including: 
     two superimposed receptacles communicating with each other via an orifice fitted in the at in the bottom of the first receptacle, namely: an upper receptacle closed by a cover and used as a tank for a product to be distributed and a lower smaller receptacle which forms a cylinder whose bottom is provided with outlets; 
     a piston which slides sealed inside said cylinder between an upper intake position and a bottom end of distribution travel position, this piston being traversed by at least one orifice and being stressed by first elastic means towards its upper intake position; 
     a mobile clack valve between the opening and closing positions of said orifice, this valve being stressed by second elastic means towards its opening position; 
     a distribution nozzle communicating with the outlet and provided with an obturator normally closed which opens under the effect of the pressure of the product contained in the cylinder when a thrust of the piston is exerted; and 
     means for activating the piston from outside said receptacles making it possible to successively obtain from an initial state in which the piston is in its upper intake position, the clack valve in an open position and the obturator is in a closed position; 
     the closing of the clack valve and then the movement of the piston towards its end of distribution travel position with simultaneously opening of the obturator and distribution of the product, immobilisation of the piston at the end of travel with closing of the obturator, opening of the clack valve, then 
     the return of the piston into its upper intake position with simultaneously sucking up of the product contained in the receptacle inside the cylinder. 
     Advantageously, said activation means could include a rod extending coaxially inside the upper receptacle and whose upper extremity passes through an orifice provided in the cover. The lower portion of this rod passes through two coaxial orifices provided respectively in said clack valve and said piston, stop means integral with the rod being provided to limit the travel of the clack valve in an upper position and the travel of the piston in a bottom position. The elastic means stressing the clack valve to its opening position may then consist of a coaxial helical spring taking support on the piston, the stiffness of this spring being weaker than that of the elastic means stressing the piston to its upper intake position. 
     The activation of the rod can then be ensured by means of a control lever joined by one extremity onto the upper receptacle and which takes support on the upper extremity of the rod. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Embodiments of the invention are described hereafter by way of nonrestrictive examples with reference to the accompanying drawings on which: 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 are two axial cutaway views of a device for distributing pancake paste at rest (FIG. 1) and in an end of distribution travel position (FIG.  2 ); 
     FIGS. 3 and 4 represent the device seen from the front (FIG. 3) and the top (FIG.  4 ); 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 of a distribution device equipped with water bath heating means; 
     FIG. 6 diagrammatically represents an installation making use of several distribution devices arranged according to a barrel configuration. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the example shown on FIGS. 1 and 2, the pancake paste distribution device includes an upper cylindrical receptacle  1  including: 
     an external cylindrical wall  2  made of aluminum or stainless steel for example whose internal surface is coated with a layer of a thermically nonconducting material  3 , such as insulating rubber, and coaxially to said external wall, 
     a movable internal tank  4  with double walls delimiting an inserted volume  5  containing a material such as a cooling gel able to store kilogram calories, this internal tank  4  being used to receive the pancake paste. 
     The upper portion of the upper receptacle  1  is closed by a circular cover  6  made of aluminium or stainless steel, the edges  7  of said cover returning onto the external face of the external wall  2 . 
     It is closed by a bottom  8  provided with a coaxial cavity  9  passing through the external wall  2 , the nonconducting layer  3  and the internal tank  4 . 
     A cylindrical receptacle  10 , made of aluminium or stainless steel, is partially nested sealed inside this cavity  9  and is open at its upper portion, its bottom being constituted by a valve support plug  11  screwed onto a threading provided on the external cylindrical wall of said receptacle  10 . 
     This receptacle  10 , whose dimensions are much smaller than those of the upper receptacle  1 , constitutes a cylinder in which a piston  12  slides with imperviousness provided here by a toric joint equipping the cylindrical skirt of the piston  12 . 
     This piston  12 , which has a series of traversing perforations  13  allowing the paste to pass from one receptacle  1  to another  10  is stressed by a helical spring  14  housed in the receptacle  10  and taking support on the plug  11 . 
     This plug  11  includes a central orifice opening into a coaxial cylindrical is sleeve  15  closed by a dummy nut  16  whose bottom is fitted with a coaxial outlet  17 . 
     The central orifice is equipped with an annular seat S on which a ball B is able to come into sealed contact, said ball being stressed by a helical spring  18  housed in the sleeve  15  and taking support on the bottom of the nut  16 . 
     The activation of the piston  12  is ensured by a rod  20  extending coaxially to the receptacle  1  and whose upper portion traverses the cover  6  and ends above the latter by a nut  21  on which a lever  22  comes into support, said lever being joined by one of its extremities to the external wall of the receptacle and bearing a handle  23  at its other extremity. 
     The lower portion of the rod  20  has a section  24  of smaller diameter passing successively through a central coaxial orifice of a circular clack valve  25  and a central coaxial orifice of the piston  12 . 
     The clack valve  25  and the piston  12  are thus mounted sliding on the section  24 . The travel of the piston  12  is limited towards the bottom by a stop constituted here by a wing nut  26  screwed on a threading embodied on the lower extremity of the section  24 . 
     The travel of the clack valve  25  is limited upwards by the horizontal flexure  27  formed between the rod  20  and the section  24 . 
     The piston  12  and the clack valve  25  are stressed towards their respective stops by a helical spring  28  whose stiffness is less than that of the spring  14 . 
     Moreover, the movements of the rod  20  downwards are limited by means of an adjustable annular stop  29  able to move along the portion of the rod  20  which goes beyond the cover  6  and which, at the end of travel downwards, comes into support on the latter. Locking the stop  29  in position on the rod is obtained with the aid of a locking screw  30  screwed into a tapped perforation so as to come into support on the rod  20 , thus ensuring locking. The manœuvre of this screw  30  is ensured by means of a knurled head. 
     Filling of the receptacle  1  is effected by means of an orifice provided in the cover  6  and closed by a stopper  31 . 
     The cover  6  is further equipped with a thermometer  32  whose probe  33  goes fully inside the tank  4 , and a conventional counting device  34  counting the manœuvres of the rod  20 . 
     In this example, the distribution device is mounted at the extremity of a bracket  35  whose support is tilted around a vertical axis XX′. The device can then be moved by the operator from one cooking plate to another. 
     Similarly, the distribution device could be mounted sliding along a rail so as to be able to serve an unlimited number of cooking plates. 
     The functioning of this device is then the following: 
     In a preliminary phase, the operator removes the internal tank  5  and places it in a freezer so that it accumulates the amount of kilogram calories required to keep the paste it shall contain at a temperature lower than a specific threshold. Advantageously, this preliminary phase could be carried out at night. 
     Once this preliminary phase has been completed, the operator reassembles the distribution device and fills the tank  4  with paste via the orifice of the cover  6 . 
     Under the effect of the spring  14 , the piston  12  is found in its upper intake position, whereas the clack valve  25  stressed by the spring  28  is in its open position stopped on the bore horizontal flexure  27 . The piston  12  further comes to stop and is retained on the wing nut  26 . In this position, the paste introduced into the receptacle  1  fills the receptacle  10  by means of the perforations  13 . The ball B stressed by the spring blocks off the orifice delimited by the seat S so that the paste remains inside the two receptacles  1 ,  10 . 
     When the operator wishes to lay out some paste, for example on the cooking plate, he manœuvres the lever  22  so as to move the rod  20  downwards as far as the adjustable stop  29  comes into support on the cover  6 . Of course, the travel of the rod  20  which corresponds to the paste portion laid is adjusted as desired by the operator by means of the adjustment of the position of the stop  29  on the rod  20 . 
     In a first fraction of the movement travel towards the bottom of the rod  20 , the clack valve  25  is activated via the bottom until it comes into sealed contact on the piston  12  by blocking the perforations  13 . During this first travel fraction, the spring  28  is pressed down but does not exert on the piston  13  sufficient force to move it to a large extent owing to the stiffness of the spring  14 . 
     In a second travel fraction of the rod, the piston  12  is driven by the clack valve  25  against the action of the spring  14 , the perforations  13  then being sealed off owing to support of the clack valve  25  on the piston  12 . 
     The pressure exerted on the paste by the piston  12  is recovered on the ball B which, by compressing the spring  18  is moved away from the seat S. 
     The paste can then flow through the sleeve  15  and the orifice  17 , as shown on FIG.  2 . Flowing of the paste stops at the same time as movement of the rod  20 , that is either when the stop  29  has arrived in contact with the cover  6 , or on account of a deliberate action of the operator. 
     In this case, the ball B, which no longer undergoes the pressure of the paste, is pushed back by the spring onto the seat S. Because of this, the flowing of the paste is interrupted, whereas the amount of paste remaining in the sleeve  15  stays captive under the effect of surface tension and the atmospheric pressure. Owing to this, the resultant problem of paste drops falling onto the cooking plate during handlings of the device is resolved. 
     When the operator releases the handle  23 , the clack valve  25  kept on the staging  27  of the rod  20  by the spring  28  accompanies the movement of the rod  20  upwards. At the same time, the piston  12  moves up under the effect of the spring  14  and/or the wing nut  26 . 
     When it moves upwards, the clack valve is lifted up by the spring  28  and the paste contained in the receptacle is sucked up into the lower receptacle through the perforations  13 . 
     At the end of intake travel (position shown on FIG.  1 ), the receptacle  10  is again filled with paste and the device is ready for a new manoeuvre. 
     By virtue of the material contained in the movable lower tank, the paste contained in the receptacle  1  stays inside a predetermined temperature range guaranteeing its preservation. 
     The invention is not limited to the embodiment previously described in a case where the product to be distributed needs to remain at a temperature greater than ambient temperature, which is the case for example of fondu chocolate, the nonconducting layer of material  3  could be replaced by a layer including heating means and/or means for retaining the product at a temperature exceeding ambient temperature. 
     Thus, in the example shown on FIG. 5, the layer  3  has been replaced by a heating rubber layer  3 ′ fed with power by an electric power circuit  40  able to be connected to the sector and including a thermostat  41 . In this case, it is possible to use a tank  4 ′ similar to the tank  4 , the gel then surprisingly playing the role of a water bath. 
     One important advantage of the devices described above consists of the fact that owing to their aptitude for delivering cold or hot products and concerning their ergonomics, they are integrated in installations, such as the one diagrammatically shown on FIG. 6 which includes four distributors D 1  to D 4  assembled side by side in the way of a barrel. This set of distributors D 1  to D 4  is mounted pivoting around a vertical axis V 1  at the extremity of a bracket P whose other extremity pivots around a vertical axis V 2  borne by a fixed structure, such as a vertical stanchion, MV, so as to be able to move above a cooking plate TC including in this instance two heating plates CH 1 , CH 2 . 
     The pivotings provided at the extremities of the bracket P may include a catching system facilitating the centering of the distributors D 1  to D 4  on the heating plates CH 1 , CH 2 . 
     By means of these arrangements, the operator is able to choose between several paste compositions (for example containing wheat or buckwheat) and/or several types of garnishings (fondu chocolate, cream). 
     This result is obtained with an increased production capacity (possibility of increasing production rates) and with improved product quality (homogeneity of hygiene production). 
     Of course, in an industrial version, the device could include a hydraulic or pneumatic activator for controlling movements of the rod of the distributors. 
     Similarly, the sets of distributors could be mounted sliding along a rail so as to be able to be moved above a unspecified number of heating plates.