Abstract:
This invention deals with the development of improved SMT performance flame retardant polyamide compositions. The compositions include replacing the poly bromostyrene or brominated polystyrene with a copolymer of a halostyrene and glycidyl(meth)acrylate. The resulting composition results in greatly improved blistering performance in Surface Mounting Technology Applications.

Description:
This application claims benefit of Provisional Application No. 60/234,620 filed Sep. 22, 2000. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to flame retarded high temperature (&gt;280C.) polyamide compositions. More specifically, the present invention relates to reinforced high temperature polyamides including flame retardant (a copolymer of a halostyrene and glycidyl(meth)acrylate), and which are useful in Surface Mount Technology (SMT) applications among others. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Flame retarded high temperature polyamides have been used in SMT applications for several years. However because of the absorption of water associated with these polymers, voids are formed therein when they are heated in ovens during processing. The resulting parts are consequently undesirably deformed. 
     In response to these concerns, high temperature polyamides incorporating flame-retardants have been used and are generally satisfactory for conventional applications. However, there is increasingly a demand for higher melt temperature solder materials that have more stringent property requirements than those of current polyamides in the industry. 
     A need exists for a high temperature flame retarded polyamide that can withstand higher oven temperatures without the formation of voids and the deformation of plastic parts molded therefrom. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     There is disclosed and claimed herein flame retarded, reinforced high temperature polyamide compositions comprising: 
     1) about 30 to about 70 weight percent of polyamide with a melt temperature above 280C.; 
     2) about 5 to about 50 weight percent of reinforcing agent; 
     3) about 10 to about 30 weight percent of a copolymer of glycidyl(meth)acrylate and bromostyrene ; and, 
     4) About 1 to 6 weight percent of flame retardant synergist. 
     In preferred embodiments of the invention, the glycidyl(meth)acrylate is present in amounts of 0.1-15.0 (most preferably 0.3-5.0) weight percent and the bromostyrene is complementally present in the range of 85.0-99.9 (most preferably 95.0-99.7) weight percent in the copolymer; and further the amount of bromine in the copolymer is in the range of 58-70 (most preferably 59-68) weight percent. 
     The compositions of the invention may optionally contain up to 2 weight percent of a mold release agent and up to 2 weight percent of a heat stabilizer. Moreover, suitable compositions may also contain up to 5 weight percent of toughener (such as rubber, polyethylene, polypropylene, and Surlyn ® ionomer (available from EI DuPont de Nemours and Co.)). 
     Without intending to limit the generality of the foregoing, any number of nylons, reinforcing agents, synergists and additives may be selected by those of skill in the art and are considered within the scope of this invention. For example, polyamides according to the invention include 9T, 10T, 12T, 46, 6T/66, and 6T/DT, among others. Suitable reinforcing agents include glass or mineral, and flame retardant synergists may be selected from any of antimony trioxide, antimony pentoxide, sodium antimonate, zinc borate and the like. A variety of mold release agents are useful for purposes of this invention, and include wax OP and PED 521, which are commercially available lubricants from Hoechst Celanese AG. Finally, there is a wide range of useful heat stabilizers as can be selected by those having skill in the art, such as Cul. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Conventional high temperature, reinforced, flame retarded polyamides use a high melt temperature (&gt;280 C.) polyamide, reinforcing agent (typically fiber glass or mineral), lubricants/mold release agents, heat stabilizers, flame retardant (brominated polystyrene or poly (bromostyrene)), and a flame retardant synergist (typical antimony pentoxide, antimony trioxide, sodium antimonate or Zinc Borate). 
     In contrast, in this invention the flame retardant (brominated polystyrene or poly (bromostyrene)) was replaced with a copolymer of a halostyrene and glycidyl(meth)acrylate. 
     Preferably the glycidyl(meth)acrylate flame retardant additive is a random copolymer of a bromostyrene (mono, di- and tri-bromo) [DBS] and glycidyl(meth)acrylate [GMA]. The material used in the examples herein was available under the trade name CP-44 manufactured by the Great Lakes Chemical Co., West Lafayette, Ind. The additive is also described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,565,538, which is incorporated by reference herein. 
     The replacement of the poly bromostyrene or brominated polystyrene with the CP-44 (poly bromostyrene/glycidyl(meth)acrylate) copolymer yields a significant 5-25 C. or better improvement in the SMT blistering temperature which makes the flame retardant polyamides much more suitable for SMT applications. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     The invention will become better understood and appreciated upon having reference to the following Examples and Comparative Examples. In each instance the resin mixtures were extruded on 30 mm, 40 mm and 58 mm Werner and Pfleider twin-screw extruders, under standard conditions readily appreciated by those of ordinary skill in the art. Rates for the various size machines were 30, 200 and 600 pph respectively. After exiting the extruder, the polymer was passed through dies to make strands, frozen in a quench tank and the strands were chopped to make pellets. 
     In all cases the total amount of bromine in the final product was kept constant as the different flame-retardants were tested. The flame retardant level only varied as the reinforcing agent level was adjusted. The polyamide selected was a nylon 6T/66 copolymer with a meltpoint of 304 C. nominally. Glass was selected as the reinforcing agent, and zinc borate (abbreviated “ZB” in the table) was the flame retardant synergist. The mold release agent (abbreviated “Mold rel.” in the table) consisted of 0.25 weight percent wax OP and 0.20 weight percent PED 521. 
     The compounded flame retarded product was molded in typical laboratory size molding machines into standard {fraction (1/32)}″ ASTM flex bars. These flex bars where then tested per UL94 vertical burn test procedures. 
     Some of these bars were also tested for SMT performance. More specifically, the temperature at which voids are formed in the bar and deformation occurs is known as the “blistering temperature”. (The blistering is typically caused by a volatile (like water) which vaporizes during SMT heating and causes “blisters” in the part.) The SMT testing is done by conditioning the bars at 40 C. for 168 hours at 90% relative humidity. The moisture was then confirmed to be in the range of 2-3% moisture to simulate the conditions that the products are exposed to during storage. These conditioned bars are then passed through a Heller 1088 Total Forced Convection Surface Mount Reflow System. The peak temperature of the part (measured by a thermocouple on the part) without “blistering” is recorded as the maximum SMT temperature. Because the temperature readings for this test were taken in 5 C. increments, the testing was conducted on these bars until the “blistering temperature” (as described above) was reached, and the peak temperature without blistering was recorded as the previous temperature increment. All samples are UL-94 V0-rated at {fraction (1/32)}″. The results are shown in table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Composition 
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Weight % 
                 Flammability 
                 Peak 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 6T/66 
                 ZB 
                 Tough 
                 Mold rel. 
                 Glass 
                 Flame Ret 
                 {fraction (1/32)}” 
                 Temperature 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Comparative 
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Examples 
               
               
                 Comp Ex 1 
                 43.75 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 30 
                 20.8 (a) 
                 V0 
                 235 C. 
               
               
                 Comp Ex 2 
                 40.55 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 30 
                 24.0 (b) 
                 V0 
                 225 C. 
               
               
                 Comp Ex 3 
                 33.05 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 45 
                 16.5 (a) 
                 V0 
                 230 C. 
               
               
                 Comp Ex 4 
                 30.58 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 45 
                 19.0 (b) 
                 V0 
                 230 C. 
               
               
                 Examples 
               
               
                 Example 1 
                 40.55 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 30 
                 24.0 (c) 
                 V0 
                 250 C. 
               
               
                 Example 2 
                 42.05 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 30 
                 22.5 (d) 
                 V0 
                 240 C. 
               
               
                 Example 3 
                 40.44 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 30 
                 24.0 (e) 
                 V0 
                 250 C. 
               
               
                 Example 4 
                 32.05 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 45 
                 17.5 (f) 
                 V0 
                 240 C. 
               
               
                 Example 5 
                 32.05 
                 4.0 
                 1.0 
                 0.45 
                 45 
                 17.5 (f) 
                 V0 
                 240 C. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 (a) PDBS-80 Poly(bromo)styrene     Great Lakes Chemical Co.  
               
               
                 (b) Saytex HP-7010 Brominated Polystyrene   Albemarle  
               
               
                 (c) CP-44     Copolymer of GMA and Bromostyrene  60% Br, 2% GMA, 60000 Molecular Weight, Great Lakes  
               
               
                 (d) CP-44  Copolymer of GMA and Bromostyrene  64% Br, 1% GMA, 18000 Molecular Weight, Great Lakes  
               
               
                 (e) CP-44  Copolymer of GMA and Bromostyrene  60% Br, 1% GMA, 57000 Molecular Weight, Great Lakes  
               
               
                 (f) CP-44  Copolymer of GMA and Bromostyrene  64% Br, 0.5% GMA, 16000 Molecular Weight, Great Lakes  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     This testing demonstrates that the peak temperature without blistering increases for the polyamides tested using copolymers of GMA and bromostyrene as the flame retardant (instead of poly(bromo) styrene or brominated polystyrene). In particular, for polyamide compositions including 30 weight percent glass reinforcing agent the peak temperature increased from 225-235 C. to 240-250 C. and for compositions including 45 weight percent glass reinforcing agent from 230 C. to 240 C. This improvement is of particular significance in SMT applications.