Abstract:
A system of folding toolbars on an agricultural implement having a base toolbar, two articulating toolbars, multiple attachments to the toolbar, and a pair of hinges, with each toolbar connected to attachments. The base toolbar is located orthogonally to the direction of travel of the agricultural implement and connected to a hinge at each end, the hinges are each further connected to an articulating toolbar. Each of the toolbars is connected to a set of attachments. Each articulating toolbar rotates about the base on a pivot axis along the direction of travel of the agricultural implement and tilted relative to the ground plane, such that the center of gravity (CG) moves forward in the transport position and a normal force is applied to the articulating toolbars to resist vertical movement when in field position.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Field of the Disclosure 
         [0002]    The present disclosure is directed toward a toolbar hinge for an agricultural implement. 
         [0003]    Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    The continued need to improve upon the prior art in the field of agricultural implements has resulted in the introduction of a number of folding toolbars, able to be placed in multiple positions to accommodate both operational and transportation requirements. 
         [0005]    The art continues to be developed with the aim of improving capabilities of the implements while operating in the field optimizing stability of the implements when in a working position and in a transport position. 
         [0006]    Many agricultural implements require lockdown pins to prevent or reduce unintended motion of articulating toolbars as the agricultural implements traverse uneven surfaces or hard to penetrate soils. The positioning of the toolbar on the back of the tractor places a heavy load on the tractor, leading to non-ideal circumstances such as instability, too much rear weight bias, and ultimately reducing the maximum payload the tractor can handle. 
         [0007]    Further, conventional embodiments of agricultural implements are not optimal. Despite the need to occupy minimal space during storage, maneuvering, and transit, agricultural implements have relatively large widths in transport positions as a proportion of their dimensions when in working positions during operation. A smaller implement may be required to meet transport or machine storage limitations than required to match the tractor horsepower for field work. The increase in the number of passes needed to work an area directly results in greater fuel, time, and labor requirements than necessary. 
         [0008]      FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of a conventional embodiment of an agricultural implement  1  including a base toolbar  2 , a first articulating toolbar  4   a,  a second articulating toolbar  4   b,  a first hinge  6   a,  a second hinge  6   b,  lockdown pins  8   a  and  8   b,  and three sets of row units  10   a,    10   b,  and  10   c,  each including a plurality of row units  20  for strip tilling a ground surface. This embodiment illustrates strip till row units mounted to the toolbars. Other attachments may be used. The agricultural implement  1  is shown in a first position with the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  extended outwardly, substantially parallel to the ground (x-z) plane with the base toolbar  2  having a first end connected to the first hinge  6   a  and having a second end connected to the second hinge  6   b.  The base toolbar  2 , the first articulating toolbar  4   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  are each connected to a set of row units  10   a,    10   b,  and  10   c,  respectively. The first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  are connected to the first hinge  6   a  and the second hinge  6   b,  respectively. 
         [0009]      FIG. 1B  and  FIG. 1C  are close-up perspective views of the connection between the base toolbar  2  and the first articulating toolbar  4   a  by the first hinge  6   a,  the first hinge  6   a  including a lockdown pin  8   a.    FIG. 1B  illustrates the direction of insertion of the lockdown pin  8   a  into the first hinge  6   a.    FIG. 1C  shows the lockdown pin  8   a  inserted into the first hinge  6   a,  preventing rotation of the hinge  6   a  and preventing the position of the first articulating toolbar  4   a  from changing relative to that of the base toolbar  2 . 
         [0010]      FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of the conventional embodiment of the agricultural implement  1  including the base toolbar  2 , the first articulating toolbar  4   a,  the second articulating toolbar  4   b,  the first hinge  6   a,  the second hinge  6   b,  and the three sets of row units  10   a,    10   b,  and  10   c.  The agricultural implement  1  is shown in a second position with the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  folded, the base toolbar  2  having a first end connected to the first hinge  6   a  and having a second end connected to the second hinge  6   b.  The first articulating toolbar  4   a  articulates about the first end of the base toolbar  2  as both the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the base toolbar  2  are connected by the first hinge  6   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  articulates about the second end of the base toolbar  2  as both the second articulating toolbar  4   b  and the base toolbar  2  are connected by the second hinge  6   b.  The rotation of the first hinge  6   a  and the second hinge  6   b  occur substantially about the x-axis. The ranges of motion of the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  about the first hinge  6   a  and the second hinge  6   b,  respectively, are limited due to the placement of the sets of the row units  10   a,    10   b,  and  10   c  on the base toolbar  2 , the first articulating toolbar  4   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b,  respectively. 
         [0011]    As the first articulating toolbar  4   a  articulates about the first hinge  6   a  from the first (extended, working) position of the agricultural implement  1  to the second (folded, transport) position of the agricultural implement  1  (folded), the set of row units  10   a,  specifically a row unit  20   a,  connected to the base toolbar  2  and the set of row units  10   b,  specifically a row unit  20   b,  connected to the first articulating toolbar  4   a  come into contact, limiting articulation of the first articulating toolbar  4   a  about the base toolbar  2 . 
         [0012]    As the second articulating toolbar  4   b  articulates about the second hinge  6   b  from the first position of the agricultural implement  1  (extended) to the second position of the agricultural implement  1  (folded), the set of the row units  10   a  connected to the base toolbar  2  and the set of the row units  10   c  connected to the second articulating toolbar  4   b  come into contact, limiting articulation of the second articulating toolbar  4   b  about the base toolbar  2 . 
         [0013]      FIG. 2B  is a front view of the conventional embodiment of the agricultural implement  1  including the base toolbar  2 , the first articulating toolbar  4   a,  the second articulating toolbar  4   b,  the first hinge  6   a,  the second hinge  6   b,  and the three sets of row units  10   a,    10   b,  and  10   c,  each having a plurality of the row units  20 . The agricultural implement  1  is shown in the y-z plane in a second position with the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  folded, the base toolbar  2  having a first end connected to the first hinge  6   a  and a second end connected to the second hinge  6   b.  The base toolbar  2 , the first articulating toolbar  4   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b  are connected to the sets of row units  10   a,    10   b,  and  10   c,  respectively. The first articulating toolbar  4   a  articulates substantially in the y-z plane about the base toolbar  2  as both the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the base toolbar  2  are connected by the first hinge  6   a.  The second articulating toolbar  4   b  articulates substantially in the y-z plane about the second end of the base toolbar  2  as both the second articulating toolbar  4   b  and the base toolbar  2  are connected by the second hinge  6   b.    
         [0014]    As the first articulating toolbar  4   a  articulates about the first hinge  6   a,  contact between the set of the row units  10   b  of the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the set of the row units  10   a  of the base toolbar  2 , as provided in the description of  FIG. 2A , prevents further articulation and limits the range of rotation of the first hinge  6   a,  forming angle α 1  of about 55 degrees with the horizontal. 
         [0015]    As the second articulating toolbar  4   b  articulates about the second hinge  6   b,  contact between the set of the row units  10   c  of the second articulating toolbar  4   b  and the set of the row units  10   a  of the base toolbar  2 , as provided in the description of  FIG. 2A , prevents further articulation and limits the range of rotation of the second hinge  6   b,  forming angle α 2  of about 55 degrees with the horizontal. 
         [0016]      FIG. 2C  is a side view of the conventional embodiment of the agricultural implement  1  including the base toolbar  2 , the first articulating toolbar  4   a,  the first hinge  6   a,  and the sets of the row units  10   a  and  10   b.  The agricultural implement  1  is shown in the x-y plane in a second position with the first articulating toolbar  4   a  folded and connected to the first hinge  6   a,  the base toolbar  2  having a first end connected to the first hinge  6   a.  The base toolbar  2  and the first articulating toolbar  4   a  are connected to the sets of row units  10   a  and  10   b,  respectively. The first articulating toolbar  4   a  articulates about the first end of the base toolbar  2  as both the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the base toolbar  2  are connected by the first hinge  6   a,  with the first hinge  6   a  rotating substantially about the x-axis, in this embodiment forming a tilt angle β with the horizontal of approximately zero degrees. 
         [0017]    As the first articulating toolbar  4   a  articulates about the first hinge  6   a,  contact between the set of row units  10   b  of the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the set of the row units  10   a  of the base toolbar  2 , as provided in the description of  FIG. 2A , prevents further articulation and limits the range of rotation of the first hinge  6   a.  Because tilt angle β is zero in this embodiment, the first articulating toolbar  4   a  moves substantially in the y-z plane as it articulates, the position of the center of gravity (CG) of the agricultural implement  1  along the x-axis remains stationary and does not vary with articulation of the first articulating toolbar  4   a.    
         [0018]      FIG. 2D  is a side view of the conventional embodiment of the agricultural implement  1 , shown in the x-y plane in the second (transport) position described by  FIG. 2C , and connected to the rear of a tractor  26 . The tractor  26  has a wheelbase A spanning the distance between the centers of a front wheel  22  and a rear wheel  24 , while the distance B represents the distance from the center of the rear wheel  24  to the CG of the agricultural implement  1  in the transport position. 
         [0019]    The combined mass of the tractor  26  and the mass of the agricultural implement  1  are supported by the front wheels  22  and the rear wheels  24 . The location of the CG of the tractor  26  is generally within the wheelbase A while the CG of the agricultural implement  1  is behind the centerline of the rear wheel since all of the agricultural implement  1  is connected to and supported at the back of the tractor  26 , behind the center of the rear wheel  24 . The combined CG of the tractor  26  and the agricultural implement  1  is generally still located within the wheelbase A of the tractor  26 , but closer to the rear of the tractor  26  than the CG of just the tractor  26  itself. 
         [0020]      FIG. 2E  is a front view of the conventional embodiment of the agricultural implement  1  connected to the tractor  26 . The agricultural implement  1  is shown in an extended (working) position, with similar components to that described by  FIG. 2B , including the base toolbar  2 , the first articulating toolbar  4   a,  the second articulating toolbar  4   b,  the first hinge  6   a,  the second hinge  6   b,  and the three sets of row units  10   a,    10   b,  and  10   c,  each having a plurality of the row units  20  that contact the ground surface. The agricultural implement  1  exerts a draft load on the tractor  26 , draft load defined as the force needed to pull the implement parallel to the direction of travel. 
         [0021]    By themselves the first articulating toolbar  4   a  and the second articulating toolbar  4   b,  and the set of row units  10   b  and  10   c  of the agricultural implement  1  have an undesirable tendency to rise up particularly as the row unit  20  furthest from the first and second hinges  6   a  and  6   b,  respectively, encounter hard or slightly uneven ground surfaces during operation behind the tractor  26  due to insufficient downward force acting upon them (e.g. the row unit  20   n  is not even with the row unit  20   p ), requiring the use of a lockdown pin  8   a  and lockdown pin  8   b  to ensure the toolbars  4   a  and  4   b  remain in the necessary extended position, and the sets of row units  10   b  and  10   c  connected to the toolbars  4   a  and  4   b  remain in contact with a ground surface. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0022]    The present disclosure is directed to an agricultural implement equipped with one or more articulating toolbars designed such that as they each rotate about the pivot axes of hinges the toolbars and their attachments do not make contact with one another. 
         [0023]    The disclosure pertains to a system and method for allowing folding toolbars to articulate in such a way to reduce the need for lockdown pins since the tilted hinges provide an additional downward force component due to the draft load acting upon the toolbars, to resist vertical movement of the toolbars as the agricultural implement moves forward. This reduces the tendency for inadvertent movement of the toolbars as the agricultural implement encounters uneven ground surfaces. 
         [0024]    Further, this minimizes the cross-sectional area of the agricultural implement, reducing both overall height and overall width, due to their kinematic layout compared with other agricultural implements equipped with folding toolbars. When in a folded transport position the width and height required to transport and store the agricultural implement is less than that which would be required were it not for the novel aspects of this disclosure. 
         [0025]    The toolbar hinges described below allow a tractor of a given size the capability to pull a larger toolbar span and to work more acres when extended in the working condition. Consequently, the agricultural implement can cover more acres for a given time period and number of passes, reducing fuel and labor costs and increasing efficiency. 
         [0026]    The foregoing general description of the illustrative implementations and the following detailed description thereof are merely exemplary aspects of the teachings of this disclosure, and are not restrictive. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]    A more complete appreciation of the disclosure and many of the attendant advantages thereof will be readily obtained as the same becomes better understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
           [0028]      FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly, according to the conventional art; 
           [0029]      FIG. 1B  is a close-up perspective view of an embodiment of a hinge and a lockdown pin, according to the conventional art; 
           [0030]      FIG. 1C  is a close-up perspective view of a hinge with a lockdown pin inserted, according to the conventional art; 
           [0031]      FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly, according to the conventional art; 
           [0032]      FIG. 2B  is a front view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly, according to the conventional art; 
           [0033]      FIG. 2C  is a side view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly, according to the conventional art; 
           [0034]      FIG. 2D  is a side view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement in the transport position, and connected to the rear of a tractor, according to the conventional art; 
           [0035]      FIG. 2E  is a front view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement connected to a tractor, according to the conventional art; 
           [0036]      FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly; 
           [0037]      FIG. 3B  is a close-up perspective view of an embodiment of a tilted hinge; 
           [0038]      FIG. 3C  is a close-up perspective view of an embodiment of a tilted hinge; 
           [0039]      FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly; 
           [0040]      FIG. 4B  is a front view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly; 
           [0041]      FIG. 4C  is a side view of an embodiment of a toolbar assembly; 
           [0042]      FIG. 4D  is a side view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement in a transport position, connected to the rear of a tractor; 
           [0043]      FIG. 4E  is a front view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement connected to a tractor; 
           [0044]      FIG. 4F  is a force diagram representing a hinge mounted at a tilt angle with a horizontal surface of an agricultural implement; and 
           [0045]      FIG. 4G  is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the toolbar hinge, connecting the second articulating toolbar and the base toolbar. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS 
       [0046]    In the drawings, like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views. Further, as used herein, the words “a”, “an” and the like generally carry a meaning of “one or more”, unless stated otherwise. 
         [0047]    Referring now to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views. 
         [0048]      FIG. 3A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of an agricultural implement  101  including a base toolbar  102 , a first articulating toolbar  104   a,  a second articulating toolbar  104   b,  a first hinge  106   a,  a second hinge  106   b,  and three sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,  and  110   c,  each including a plurality of row units  20 . This embodiment illustrates strip till row units  110  mounted to the base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b.  Other attachments may be used. The agricultural implement  101  is shown in a first position with the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  extended outwardly, substantially parallel to the ground (x-z) plane with the base toolbar  102  having a first end connected to the first hinge  106   a  and a second end connected to the second hinge  106   b.  The base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  are connected to the sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,  and  110   c,  respectively. The first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  are connected to the first hinge  106   a  and the second hinge  106   b,  respectively. 
         [0049]      FIG. 3B  and  FIG. 3C  are close-up perspective views of the connection between the base toolbar  102  and the first articulating toolbar  104   a  by the first hinge  106   a.    FIG. 3B  shows the first hinge  106   a  may not have the lockdown pin  8   a  of the conventional art, as shown in  FIG. 1B  and  FIG. 1C .  FIG. 3C  shows the tilt angle  13  formed by the pivot axis of the first hinge  106   a  and the ground plane is greater than zero degrees, the pivot axis presenting a tilt angle with the horizontal plane such that the rearward end of the pivot axis is located at a greater distance above a ground plane than a forward end of the pivot axis. 
         [0050]      FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of an embodiment of the agricultural implement  101  including the base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  the first hinge  106   a,  the second hinge  106   b,  and three sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,  and  110   c,  as described by  FIG. 3A . The agricultural implement  101  is shown in a second (transport) position with the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  folded, the base toolbar  102  having a first end connected to the first hinge  106   a  and having a second end connected to the second hinge  106   b.  The base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  are each connected to one set of row units  110   a,    110   b,  and  110   c,  respectively, each having a plurality of row units  20 . The first articulating toolbar  104   a  articulates about the first end of the base toolbar  102  as both the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the base toolbar  102  are connected by the first hinge  106   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  articulates about the second end of the base toolbar  102  as both the second articulating toolbar  104   b  and the base toolbar  102  are connected by the second hinge  106   b.  The rotation of the first hinge  106   a  and the second hinge  106   b  occur about a pivot axis located substantially in the x-y plane. 
         [0051]    In contrast to the conventional embodiment of  FIG. 2A , the range of rotation of the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  about the first hinge  106   a  and about the second hinge  106   b,  respectively, as they transition from the first (extended, working) position and approach the second (folded, transport) position, is limited by the independent kinematic relationships between the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the base toolbar  102 , and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  and the base toolbar  102 , instead of interference between the sets of row units  110   c  and  110   a  each is connected to. 
         [0052]    This is due to the tilt angle β ( FIG. 3C ) that exists between each of the pivot axes of the first hinge  106   a  and the second hinge  106   b  and the ground plane (x-z plane). Tilt angle β may be approximately in the range of 5 to 15 degrees from the horizontal (x-axis). In one embodiment the tilt angle β may be approximately 8 degrees. In another embodiment the tilt angle β may be approximately 12 degrees. The second hinge  106   b  is further described by  FIG. 4G . 
         [0053]    The sets of row units  110   b  and  110   c  connected to the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  respectively, each travel on different paths than that shown in the conventional embodiment of  FIG. 2A , the path of each passing through both the y-z plane and the x-z plane, rather than only in the y-z plane. 
         [0054]    To maintain the kinematic relationship described by  FIG. 4A  through  FIG. 4C , the combined length of the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  is not more than the length of the base toolbar  102 . 
         [0055]    As the first articulating toolbar  104   a  articulates about the first hinge  106   a  from the first (extended, working) position of the agricultural implement  101  to the second (folded, transport) position of the agricultural implement  101 , the set of row units  110   a  connected to the base toolbar  102  and the set of row units  110   b  connected to the first articulating toolbar  104   a  do not come into contact. 
         [0056]    Instead, it is the eventual contact between the base toolbar  102  and the first articulating toolbar  104   a  or contact between the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the first hinge  106   a  that limits further articulation of the first articulating toolbar  104   a  about the base toolbar  102 , rather than any interference involving the sets of row units  110   a  and  110   b.  Because of this the range of rotation of the first hinge  106   a  is greater in this embodiment than in the conventional embodiment described by  FIG. 2A . 
         [0057]    The relationship between the base toolbar  102  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  is similar. The eventual contact between the base toolbar  102  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  or contact between the second articulating toolbar  104   b  and the second hinge  106   b  limits further articulation of the second articulating toolbar  104   b  about the base toolbar  102 , rather than any interference involving the sets of row units  110   a  and  110   c.  Because of this, the range of rotation of the second articulating toolbar  104   b  is greater in this embodiment than in the conventional embodiment described by  FIG. 2A . 
         [0058]      FIG. 4B  is a front view of an embodiment of the agricultural implement  101  similar to that shown by  FIG. 4A  including the base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  the first hinge  106   a,  the second hinge  106   b,  and the three sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,  and  110   c.  The agricultural implement  101  is shown in the y-z plane in a second position with the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  folded, the base toolbar  102  having the first end connected to the first hinge  106   a  and the second end connected to the second hinge  106   b.  The base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  are connected to the sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,  and  110   c,  respectively, each having a plurality of row units  20 . The first articulating toolbar  104   a  articulates primarily in the y-z plane about the first end of the base toolbar  102  as both the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the base toolbar  102  are connected by the first hinge  106   a,  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  articulates primarily in the y-z plane about the second end of the base toolbar  102  as both the second articulating toolbar  104   b  and the base toolbar  102  are connected by the second hinge  106   b.    
         [0059]    Consequently, in the second (folded, transport) position of the agricultural implement  101  the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  form angles α 1  and α 2 , respectively, with the ground plane (x-z plane) which are smaller than those of the embodiment of  FIG. 2B . For example α 1  and α 2  are zero degrees when the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  are each in the second position. 
         [0060]    Since tilt angle β is greater than zero degrees ( FIG. 3C ) the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and second articulating toolbar  104   b,  and the sets of row units  110   b,    110   c  connected to their respective toolbars, move away from the set of row units  110   a  connected to the base toolbar  102  as the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  articulate into the second position, which avoids interference between the three sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,    110   c  (see  FIG. 4C ). The same is true of the relationship between the second articulating toolbar  104   b  and the base toolbar  102 . 
         [0061]      FIG. 4C  is a side view of an embodiment of the agricultural implement  101  including the base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  and the first hinge  106   a.  The agricultural implement  101  is shown in the x-y plane in the second (folded, transport) position with the first articulating toolbar  104   a  folded and connected to the first hinge  106   a  beneath, the base toolbar  102  having the first end connected to the first hinge  106   a.  The base toolbar  102  and the first articulating toolbar  104   a  are connected to the sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,  respectively, each having a plurality of row units  20 . The first articulating toolbar  104   a  articulates about the first end of the base toolbar  102  as both are connected by the first hinge  106   a,  with the first hinge  106   a  oriented substantially in the y-z plane and forming the tilt angle β that exists between each of the pivot axes of the first hinge  106   a  and the second hinge  106   b  and the ground plane (x-z plane). The tilt angle β may be approximately in the range of 5 to 15 degrees from the horizontal (x-axis). 
         [0062]    As the first articulating toolbar  104   a  articulates about the first hinge  106   a  from the first (extended, working) position of the agricultural implement  101  to the second (folded, transport) position of the agricultural implement  101 , the set of row units  110   a  connected to the base toolbar  102  and the set of row units  110   b  connected to the first articulating toolbar  104   a  do not come into contact. 
         [0063]    As the first articulating toolbar  104   a  articulates from the first position, in which it is located with the same planar orientation as the base toolbar  102 , to the second position in which the first articulating toolbar  104   a  moves forward of the plane of the base toolbar  102 , the sets of row units  110   a  and  110   b  to which the base toolbar  102  and the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  respectively, are connected move apart enough such that there is no contact between the sets of row units  110   a  and  110   b,  unlike that described by  FIG. 2C . This is due to the forward movement of the first articulating toolbar  104   a  along the x-axis relative to the base toolbar  102 . Thus, the set of row units  110   b  connected to the first articulating toolbar  104   a  has sufficient clearance in its range of motion so as not to make contact with the set of row units  110   a  connected to the base toolbar  102 . 
         [0064]    Consequently, the CG of the entire agricultural implement  101  moves forward on the x-axis as it transitions from the first, working position to the second, transport position. The pivot axes of the first hinge  106   a  and the second hinge  106   b  about which the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  respectively, articulate are substantially parallel with the direction of travel and form an tilt angle  13  with the ground (x-z) plane. 
         [0065]    Further, the smaller cross section of the second position of the agricultural implement  101  in this embodiment, in both width (z-axis) and height (y-axis), compared with the cross section of the second position of the embodiment described in  FIG. 2A  through  FIG. 2C  allows the agricultural implement  101  to maneuver in smaller areas, whether in open space, inside a building or structure, as well as more easily transported on highways. 
         [0066]      FIG. 4D  is a side view of an agricultural implement  101 , shown in the x-y plane in the second (transport) position described by  FIG. 4C , and connected to the rear of a tractor  26 . The tractor  26  has a wheelbase A spanning the distance between the centers of a front wheel  22  and a rear wheel  24 , while the distance B′ represents the distance from the center of the rear wheel  24  to the CG of the agricultural implement  101  in the transport position. 
         [0067]    The combined mass of the tractor  26  and the mass of the agricultural implement  101  are supported by the front wheels  22  and the rear wheels  24 . The location of the CG of the tractor  26  is generally within the wheelbase A while the CG of the agricultural implement  101  is behind the centerline of the rear wheel since the whole of the agricultural implement  101  is connected to and supported at the back of the tractor  26 , behind the center of the rear wheel  24 . The combined CG of the tractor  26  and the agricultural implement  101  is generally still located within the wheelbase A of the tractor  26 , but closer to the rear of the tractor  26  than the CG of just the tractor  26  itself. 
         [0068]    However, the payload capability of the tractor  26  in this example is greater than that of the tractor  26  described by the background art of  FIG. 2D  because B′ is shorter in this example than B is in that described by  FIG. 2D . The CG of the agricultural implement  101  in this example is closer to that of the tractor  26 , reducing the moment the CG of the agricultural implement  101  exerts about the center of the rear wheel  24 , reducing the effect that must be counterbalanced by the moment the tractor&#39;s  26  CG creates about the center of the rear wheel  24 . With the tractor&#39;s  26  mass more evenly distributed over the front wheels  22  and the rear wheels  24 , in this example the tractor  26  is more stable, consequently allowing the tractor  26  to carry more payload before exceeding the weight limit of the front wheels  22  or the rear wheels  24  than the example described by  FIG. 2D . 
         [0069]      FIG. 4E  is a front view of an embodiment of the agricultural implement  101  connected to the tractor  26 . The agricultural implement  101  is shown in an extended (working) position, with similar components to that described by  FIG. 4A , including the base toolbar  102 , the first articulating toolbar  104   a,  the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  the first hinge  106   a,  the second hinge  106   b,  and the three sets of row units  110   a,    110   b,  and  110   c,  each having a plurality of the row units  20  that contact the ground surface. The agricultural implement  101  exerts a draft load on the tractor  26 , draft load defined as the force needed to pull the implement parallel to the direction of travel. 
         [0070]    Because the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  and the respective sets of row units  110   b  and  110   c  connected to them are tilted forward, the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  each have an additional normal force component acting downward due to the draft load which is parallel to the forward direction of travel of the agricultural implement  101 . Because the pivot axes of the hinges  106   a  and  106   b  are angled tilted forward relative to the ground (x-z) plane at an angle β ( FIG. 4C ), there exists a normal component of the draft load which restricts vertical movement. This restriction stabilizes the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  and reduces the tendency for inadvertent movement of said members relative to the base toolbar  102  when the plurality of the row units  20  of the agricultural implement  101  encounters uneven ground surfaces. Since the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b  are tilted forward in this manner, the need for the agricultural implement  101  to be equipped with lockdown pins  8   a  and  8   b  (i.e. the conventional implement shown in  FIG. 1A - FIG. 1C ) is eliminated. 
         [0071]    The set of row units  110   c  connected to the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the set of row units  110   b  connected to the second articulating toolbar  104   b  of the agricultural implement  1  tend to remain in place when encountering hard or uneven ground surfaces more than the example of the conventional art described by  FIG. 2E . This is because the normal force component exerted by the draft load upon the angled toolbar hinges  106   a  and  106   b  results in an additional downward force acting upon the first articulating toolbar  104   a  and the second articulating toolbar  104   b,  helping to keep the outer most row units  20  in contact with the ground surface (e.g. the row unit  20   n  is about even with the row unit  20   p ). 
         [0072]      FIG. 4F  is a force diagram representing a hinge  106  mounted at a tilt angle β with a horizontal surface of an agricultural implement  101 , similar to that described in  FIG. 4C . If the tilt angle β is zero, as in the background art, the draft force Fd is equal to the horizontal force Fh, and there is no additional normal force Fn applied to the hinge  106 . If the tilt angle β is greater than zero, an additional normal force Fn is applied to the hinge  106 . The normal force Fn is a product of the sine of the tilt angle β and the draft force Fd (Fn=(sin β)×Fd). 
         [0073]    In one example, the tilt angle β is equal to 12 degrees and the draft force Fd is 3,000 lbs. The additional normal force Fn=(sin 12 degrees)×3,000 lbs.=624 lbs. 
         [0074]    In another example, the tilt angle β is equal to 8 degrees and the draft force Fd is 3,000 lbs. The additional normal force Fn=(sin 8 degrees)×3,000 lbs.=418 lbs. 
         [0075]    The additional normal force Fn is applied to both articulating toolbars  104   a  and  104   b,  and reduces the need for lockdown pins  8   a  and  8   b,  as described by  FIG. 1B  and  FIG. 1C  of the background art. 
         [0076]      FIG. 4G  is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the toolbar hinge  106   b,  connecting the second articulating toolbar  104   b  and the base toolbar  102 . A hinge pin  108   b  disposed inside the second hinge  106   b  connects the base toolbar  102  to the second articulating toolbar  104   b.  Further, a lockdown pin  8   b  may optionally connect bracket holes  107   c  and  107   d,  with toolbar holes  109   c  and  109   d,  respectively, (the toolbar hole  109   d  is not visible in this view). In such a case, the lockdown pin  8   b  connects the second articulating toolbar  104   b  to the base toolbar  102 , and prevents the second articulating toolbar  104   b  from articulating about the base toolbar  102 . Further, as described by  FIG. 4A  through  FIG. 4F , the axis of the  106   b  forms an angle β with a horizontal plane. The first hinge  106   a  connects the first articulating toolbar  104   a  to the base toolbar  102  in the identical manner. 
         [0077]    Thus, the foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention is intended to be illustrative, but not limiting of the scope of the invention, as well as other claims. The disclosure, including any readily discernable variants of the teachings herein, define, in part, the scope of the foregoing claim terminology such that no inventive subject matter is dedicated to the public.