Abstract:
A shock absorber having a casing and a piston with a piston head mounted thereon and located in a chamber within the casing containing fluid, an annular peripheral groove on the shock absorber head for mounting an annular turbulence inducing member having an L-shaped cross section which is slidable on the bottom surface of the groove from a passive position which it occupies when the piston head forces liquid from one side thereof to the other in a fluid amplification mode and which moves to an active position for creating turbulence within the groove during the rebound movement of the piston head.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a shock absorber which utilizes fluid amplification to provide a smooth compression stroke and which is modified to provide a stiff rebound. 
     In U.S. Pat. No. 3,726,368 there is disclosed a shock absorber with a shock absorber piston head which provides fluid amplification which gives an extremely smooth compression stroke. However, under certain circumstances, it is desired to obtain a relatively stiff rebound stroke, as in shock absorbers used on automotive vehicles. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is the object of this invention to provide a shock absorber with a fluid amplified piston head which has been modified in an extremely simple manner to provide a stiff rebound stroke. Other objects and attendant advantages of the present invention will readily be perceived hereafter. 
     The present invention relates to a shock absorber having a casing, compressible fluid in said casing, a piston rod, a piston head on said piston rod located in said casing for dividing said casing into a first chamber on one side of said piston head and a second chamber on the opposite side of said piston head, fluid amplification means on said piston head for amplifying fluid flow around said piston head from said first chamber to said second chamber as said piston head moves toward said first chamber, turbulence inducing means, and mounting means mounting said turbulence inducing means in a passive position on said piston head as said piston head moves toward said first chamber, said mounting means permitting said turbulence inducing means to move to an active turbulence inducing position as said piston head moves toward said second chamber. 
     The various aspects of the present invention will be more fully understood when the following portions of the specification are read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in cross section, of a prior art type of fluid amplified shock absorber; 
     FIG. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary side elevational view, partly in cross section, of the piston head of the shock absorber mounted within the casing with the turbulence inducing member of the present invention in a passive position; 
     FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but showing the turbulence inducing member in an active position to stiffen the rebound; 
     FIG. 4 is a graph showing the force-displacement curve for a prior art type of shock absorber of the type shown in FIG. 1; and 
     FIG. 5 is a force displacement curve for the improved shock absorber of FIGS. 2 and 3. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A prior art type of fluid amplified shock absorber 10 is shown in FIG. 1 and it includes a casing 11 having an end wall 12 at one end and an end wall 13 at the opposite end through which piston rod 14 extends in sealed relationship. A piston head 15 is mounted on piston rod 14. The chambers 16 and 22 on opposite sides of piston head 15 are filled with a suitable compressible liquid, such as a silicone liquid of the type used in liquid springs. The device of FIG. 1 can be a shock absorber or a liquid spring depending on the parameters thereof. The device can also be a liquid spring shock which is a combination of a liquid spring and shock absorber and which will act as a liquid spring in that the operating fluid is compressed by the piston rod, thus yielding a spring output while at the same time orificing occurs which adds a damping force which is superimposed on the spring force. A device of this type is described in detail in U.S. Pat. No. 3,726,368, which is incorporated herein by reference. 
     The present invention relates to an improved piston head construction 15&#39; for a fluidic amplified shock absorber of the type shown in FIG. 1. The present invention is usable with a fluid amplified shock absorber or fluid amplified liquid spring, or a combination of both, each of which utilizes a compressible fluid, and the designation shock absorber, as used hereafter is intended to cover all of the foregoing. 
     The improved head 15&#39; includes an outer annular peripheral surface 17 which is divided by groove 19 into annular peripheral surface 20 on the side of head 15&#39; adjacent to chamber 16 and annular peripheral surface 21 on the side of head 15&#39; adjacent to chamber 22. There is an annular clearance or space 23 between peripheral surface 17 and internal surface 24 of casing 11, and there is also an annular clearance 25 between peripheral surface 21 and the annular internal surface 24 of casing 11. A plurality of bores 26 are circumferentially placed in the portion of piston head 15&#39; to the right of groove 19 and bores 26 extend between the leading surface 27 of the piston head and side 29 of groove 19. 
     During movement of piston head 15&#39; in the direction of arrow 31 so that the piston head is forced into chamber 16, there will be a primary flow of fluid through space 23, as depicted by arrow 18, and this will induce a secondary flow of fluid through bores 26, as depicted by arrow 28. The combined primary and secondary flows, as depicted by arrow 38, will then pass through space 25 so that the fluid will enter chamber 22. The minimum cross sectional area of annular space 25 is less than the sum of the minimum cross sectional areas of annular space 23 and the sum of the areas of the cross sections of the plurality of annularly spaced bores 26. Thus there is a compression of the fluid as it passes through annular space 25. The compression force as piston 15&#39; moves into chamber 16 is depicted by curve 42 in FIG. 4. Curve 44 depicts the rebound of the piston head when it moves in the direction of arrow 32 back toward chamber 22. Thus, from FIG. 4 it can be seen that both the compression force and the rebound force are substantially the same. 
     In accordance with the present invention a turbulence inducing member is mounted in groove 19. Member 35 is of annular configuration and is of L-shape in cross section. It has a vertical leg 36 and a horizontal leg 37. The horizontal leg 37 has a surface 39 which slides on the bottom annular surface 40 of groove 19. When piston head 15&#39; is moving in the direction of arrow 31 in FIG. 2, the turbulence inducing member 35 will assume a position shown in FIG. 2 with leg 36 in abutting relationship with groove side 41. Thus, the turbulence inducing member is in a passive position during this condition of operation wherein it does not affect fluid amplified flow. 
     However, when piston head 15&#39; moves in the direction of arrow 32 during rebound, the force of liquid flowing in the direction of arrow 31 through space 25 will cause turbulence inducing member 35 to move from the passive position of FIG. 2 to the active position of FIG. 3 because of the sliding connection between surfaces 39 and 40. The vertical leg 36 of member 35 will thus divide groove 19 into two grooves 42 and 43. The sharp edges 44, 45, 55 and 56 will create turbulence as schematically depicted by lines 46 and 47, respectively, to thereby retard the unamplified liquid flow depicted by arrow 48 passing through annular spaces 25 and 23. This in turn will provide a greater rebound resistance force as indicated by line 49 of the graph of FIG. 5, whereas the amplified flow curve 42 is identical to that shown in FIG. 4. The practical significance of the foregoing is that the shock absorption is relatively smooth and soft when the piston head 15&#39; is moving in the direction of arrow 31, but there is an extremely stiff rebound resistance force when piston head 15&#39; is moving in the direction of arrow 32. When piston head 15&#39; moves in the direction of arrow 31 after rebound, member 35 will again assume the position of FIG. 2. 
     As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, annular portion 50 of piston head 15&#39; has threads 51 thereon which are received on threads 52 of the piston head. Annular portion 50 is installed after annular turbulence inducing member 35 has been mounted on the piston head with its surface 39 in sliding relationship to surface 40. It will be appreciated that turbulence inducing member 35 may be installed in any number of different ways, as by joining two halves into a groove, if the threaded connection 51-52 is not used. Furthermore, while member 35 is shown as sliding, it will be appreciated that it can be pivotably mounted so that vertical leg 36 assumes a position such as shown in FIG. 2 or it can pivot to a position where it divides groove 19 into two grooves such as shown in FIG. 3. In the latter event, the sliding connection would have to be eliminated. 
     In the particular embodiment shown, the leading face 53 of horizontal leg or base 37 moves into overlying relationship with the ends 54 of the plurality of annular bores 26 to thereby further restrict flow of liquid through bores 26. However, this overlying relationship does not constitute the primary reason for obtaining the rebound curve 49 of FIG. 5, as it is the induced turbulence which provides this action. 
     While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed, it will be appreciated that the present invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise embodied within the scope of the following claims.