Abstract:
A gelled perfume formulation comprising conventional perfume oil or a commercial perfume composition and a polymeric carbohydrate derivative which acts as the gelling agent. The gelled formulation is applied on the skin as a smooth thin film. The composition possesses aesthetically pleasing clarity and enduring fragrance. This perfume can be conveniently transported and easily dispensed.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The main products of the fragrance industry have always been concentrated essences in the form of clear alcoholic liquids, commonly known as perfumes, colognes, and toilet waters. From time to time, however, the industry has introduced emulsified and solid forms of fragrance. 
     The main problem in formulating emulsified fragrances is that of producing a stable emulsion. This is rendered difficult by the high concentration of perfume oil used. The product must not be greasy upon application to the skin and must not leave an oily residue. 
     Among the commonly used emulsifying agents are the following: 
     Carboxy vinyl polymers neutralized with alkalis 
     Fatty acid soaps 
     Sulfated alcohols 
     Oleyl ether phosphates 
     Polyhdric alcohol esters 
     Polyethylene oxide ethers 
     Polyethoxylated sorbitan esters 
     Sorbitan esters 
     Liquid solutions of lanolin alcohols 
     Polyethylene glycol esters 
     Acetylated polyoxyethylene derivatives of lanolin 
     Nonylphenoxypoly ethyl alcohols 
     Polyethylene glycol ethers of lanolin alcohol 
     Ethylene oxide condensate of a propylene oxidepropylene glycol condensate 
     Ethoxylated cholesterol 
     Combinations of the carboxy vinyl polymer emulsifying agents (e.g. Carbopol 934,940 and 941) are the most versatile and generally yield satisfactory emulsified fragrances. One problem with carboxy vinyl polymer agents is unwanted microbial growth. The use of antimicrobials is called for to prevent mold growth. Depolymerization by ultraviolet light is also a troublesome problem. The use of ultraviolet light absorbers can minimize this problem. 
     The high concentration of perfume oil used in emulsified fragrances results in unstable emulsions. The higher the concentration of perfume oil, the more difficult is the stabilization of the emulsion. 
     Viscosity stabilization is another problem frequently encountered in emulsified fragrances. Some formulations become too viscous to flow through the opening of the bottle; others decrease in viscosity to a watery consistency. 
     Solid colognes are essentially liquid colognes which have been solidified with a gellant, and are usually composed of the following materials: 
     
         ______________________________________Perfume                2 -  5%Ethyl Alcohol          85 - 90%Solidifying Ingredient 6 -  5%Polyhydric Alcohol     0 -  5%Water                   5 - 10%______________________________________ 
    
     Hard soaps are used as the solidifying agent. One soap generally used is sodium stearate. The presence of unsaponifiable matter and oleates tends to interfere with gelation. Other solidifying ingredients include rosin soaps, candelilla wax, beeswax, carnauba wax, potassium diacetone fructose sulfate, acetanilide, calcium acetate, and ethyl cellulose. 
     The inclusion of potassium chloride, castor oil, or castor oil fatty acids is desired for the preparation of clear, transparent gels, but castor oil and its fatty acids tend to reduce the gel strength. 
     It is an object of this invention to produce a gelled perfume with pleasing clarity and enduring fragrance. It is a further object to produce a gelled perfume that avoids unwanted microbial growth. It is still a further object to produce a gelled perfume that is highly stable and that also has a stable viscosity. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention involves a gelled perfume comprising a conventional perfume base and a polymeric carbohydrate gelling agent. This perfume possesses aesthetically pleasing clarity and enduring fragrance. The perfume can be conveniently carried and easily dispensed. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     About 0.5 to about 3.5% by weight gelling agent is used in the composition. The gelling agent is prepared by dissolving same in denatured ethyl alcohol (SD-40). Other solvents can be used in place of ethyl alcohol. The alcohol makes up about 45 to about 70% by weight of the final composition. 
     About 0.1 to about 0.3% by weight of a preservative agent is used in the composition. 
     About 15 to about 35% by weight of an emollient is also used in the composition. 
     About 10 to about 18% by weight perfume oil is used in the composition. Conventional perfumes may also be used to provide the perfume oil. 
     The purpose of the preservative is to prevent mildew. Suitable preservatives are methyl p-hydroxybenzoate, potassium sorbate, and alkyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride. 
     The purpose of the emollient is to impart a luxurious feel to the gelled perfume application. Suitable agents are isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl myristate, and isopropyl palmitate. 
     The gelling agent that is employed in this invention can be used with both alcoholic base fragrances and oil base fragrances. The perfumes in the alcoholic base category should contain at least 12 oz. of perfume oil per gallon of alcohol, and the alcohol shall contain no more than 15% water (by volume). A preferred perfume contains 20 oz. of perfume oil per gallon of alcohol, and the alcohol contains 5% (by volume) of water. There are no such limitations for perfumes in the oil base category. 
     The gelling agent is not suitable for use in lower quality fragrances, e.g., toilet water, cologne, that contain more than 15% water and less than 12 oz. of perfume oil per gallon of alcohol. 
     Teng et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,824,085 discloses the gelling agents to be used in this invention. Basically, these gelling agents are polymeric carbohydrate derivatives selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl cellulose esters and hydroxypropyl starch esters and mixtures of these esters. These esters can have a degree of substitution (D.S.) of acetyl groups of about 1.2 to about 3 and a degree of molar substitution (M.S.) of hydroxypropyl groups of about 2 to about 8. Suitable esters are 
     hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate 
     hydroxypropyl starch acetate 
     hydroxypropyl cellulose laurate 
     hydroxypropyl starch laurate 
     Teng et al, U.S. Pat. No. 3,940,384 discloses another gelling agent which can be used in this invention. This gelling agent is methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate. This ester has a D.S. of acetyl groups of about 0.8 to about 2.5 and a M.S. of hydroxyl groups of about 2 to about 8. The D.S. of methyl groups is about 0.1 to about 1.0. 
     The important physical properties of the gelling agent are summarized in Table I. The usual form is that of a white powder of 20-40 mesh. Depending upon the equipment, the particle size can be varied. The material is basically not hygroscopic and therefore has low moisture content. 
     The gelling agents are highly substituted derivatives and are generally inert to enzymatic activity. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GELLING AGENT______________________________________Color             WhitePhysical Form     Soft powder, 20-40 meshMoisture          0.5%Ash               1.0%Specific Gravity  1.017Glass Transition Temperature             85° CMelting Range     190-210° CChar Point        240° CBiological Activity             Does not support microbial             growth. Inert to proteolytic             amylolytic degradation.______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE I 
     0.025 gm of hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate was dispersed in 2.5 ml of Chantilly perfume (Houbigant), and the dispersion was agitated for approximately 3 minutes on a Vortex Mixer. The resulting clear gel was smooth and highly viscous. 
     EXAMPLE II 
     0.04 gm hydroxypropyl starch acetate was dispersed in 4.0 of Wild Musk perfume (Max Factor), and the dispersion was agitated for approximately 5 minutes on a Vortex Mixer. The resulting clear gel had a Brookfield viscosity of approximately 4000 cps. 
     EXAMPLE III 
     6 ml of perfume oil, Perry F-73-295, were blended in denatured alcohol (100 ml), SDA 40. To the blend were added 1.8 gm of methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate. The resulting solution was mixed until the gel was formed.