Abstract:
A sealable container into which envelopes or packages can be placed for opening and inspection for contamination by biological or chemical agents. The container has a removeable lid that can be reattached and sealed to the container so that the contents of the container are safely enclosed therein. The container has gloves attached to one wall so that items placed in the container can be manipulated by a user. The container also includes detection means for visualizing or detecting the presence of a foreign substance that may be dispersed from the envelope or package once opened.

Description:
[0001]    The present invention relates to an equipment for opening and inspecting packages for contamination by biological or chemical agents and methods for use of such equipment.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    Following the events of Sep. 11, 2001 there is considerable concern regarding terrorist activities which may be perpetrated on the public. Of particular concern is the contamination of normally used objects by chemical or biological agents. In particular, letters and packages have been found to be contaminated with a powdery substance believed to contain a form of anthrax.  
           [0003]    Anthrax is caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis. It is a disease of sheep, cattle, horses, goats, and swine. The disease has a skin form (cutaneous anthrax) and a pulmonary form (inhalation anthrax). In the cutaneous form, the infection is transmitted through a break in the skin. In the pulmonary form, infection occurs by breathing in anthrax spores. The resultant pneumonia rapidly causes respiratory distress followed by death. Meningitis can also develop. Because the spores are long lasting and the incubation is short and disability is severe, anthrax has been considered as a significant biological weapon.  
           [0004]    Therefore, there is a need for a means to easily examine and open normally received letters and packages in an environment which is safe (protects the user) and which, at the same time will allow suspicious items, and any substance contained therein, to be retained for inspection by proper health authorities, and which can, at the same time be readily transportable, with all of its contents to a safe, remote location, if suspicious substances are located.  
           [0005]    Biological safety cabinets, usually referred to as laminar flow hoods and glove boxes, have been used in laboratories for many years for handling toxic substances. These safety cabinets are divided into three classes based upon the type of protection provided. Class I and II cabinets use an air curtain and Class III uses a physical barrier to protect the investigator. Class II and III cabinets filter the air before it is blown onto the work surface, and all three cabinets have filtered exhaust.  
           [0006]    The Class I cabinet is the simplest form of biological safety cabinet and consists of an enclosure with a front view panel and a full-width work opening. Room air, drawn into the cabinet through the work opening and into the back wall baffle, prevents airborne contaminants inside the cabinet from escaping into the room, as in a fume hood. The exhaust is includes a HEPA-filter to catch any airborne particles. Optional modes of operation include a front closure panel with access ports, which can be placed over the work opening thus reducing the amount of open area and raising the face velocity. Another option is to attach arm-length gloves to the access ports of the closure panel. In this mode, the cabinet serves as a glove box but does not provide containment equivalent to a Class III system. Since the operator&#39;s hands and arms are not protected from contamination, control of contact contamination is dependent upon the use of gloves and other protective clothing. They provide personal protection during specific applications with low risk oncogenic viruses, bacteria, and recombinant DNA at Biosafety Level 2 (BL2) containment level, as well as for chemical carcinogens, and low-level radioactive materials and volatile solvents provided the: face velocity is adequate.  
           [0007]    In the Class II cabinet, commonly known as a laminar flow or biosafety hood, room air is drawn into the grille at the front edge of the work surface, passed through a HEPA filter, and recirculated into the cabinet work space through the overhead grille and is exhausted after passing through a HEPA filter. An air barrier prevents airborne contaminants generated in the cabinet from escaping through the work opening. Class II cabinets are not absolute containment devices. Based on standard procedures for determining a protection factor for spore release from within the enclosure, acceptable protection is not usually achieved in routine use. Class II cabinets are suitable for most projects, are convenient to use, and offer adequate personnel and product protection if used properly with low to moderate-risk oncogenic viruses, CDC classes 1 to 3 etiologic agents, and recombinant DNA materials requiring BL 2 containment. However, since Class II cabinets may recirculate a large fraction of the air flowing through them, they are only suitable for work with dilute concentrations of radioactive materials, toxic chemicals or carcinogens of low volatility. They are not suitable for containment of highly toxic materials and, because of air flow, may actual result in distribution of powdered substances.  
           [0008]    The Class III cabinet, commonly known as a glove box, is a hermetically sealed enclosure maintained under negative pressure for confining extremely hazardous research materials. It provides the highest level of personnel and environmental protection from vapor or aerosol exposure; and from splatter or contact contamination. Operations within the cabinet are conducted through attached gloves. Materials are introduced and removed through double-door pass-through port containing a dunk tank filled with liquid disinfectant or equipped with a sterilizer. Ventilation is provided by drawing air into the cabinet through a HEPA filter and exhausting it through two HEPA filters in series or one HEPA and an incinerator. Class III cabinets are suitable for all research procedures with high-risk oncogenic viruses, CDC class 4 etiologic agents, and recombinant DNA materials requiring up to BL4 level of physical containment. The cabinets may also be used for research with highly toxic chemicals and carcinogens provided the effluents are treated to meet emission regulations. Protection by the Class III cabinet can be compromised by puncture of the gloves, breakage of seals, or conditions that create positive pressure in the cabinet. Despite the apparent attractiveness of Class III cabinets, they have several inherent disadvantages including:  
           [0009]    a. Very poor work accessibility;  
           [0010]    b. They are large and therefore can not be readily moved with there contents to a safe area; and  
           [0011]    c. They are expensive so they are not readiliy available to the general public for simple uses such as inspecting and opening mail.  
           [0012]    Another device for use with potentially contaminated items is a glove bag such as sold by Instruments for Research for Industry, Inc. of Cheltenham, Pa. It is used like a rigid glove box but has the flexibility of a plastic bag. It is made of thick polyethylene, with integral gloves one or more sleeve for introduction of instruments or items and an inflation port. A deficiency of the glove bag is that it must be inflated during us to lift the bag off of the items within the bag for ease of manipulation of those items.  
         BRIEF DESCRIPTION  
         [0013]    A device including features of the present invention comprises a upright standing container or box with removable lid or side, the box having optically transparent portions for viewing the contents thereof and for transmission of light from a light source for illuminating the contents being inspected. The container also has right and left hand gloves integral therewith, the gloves extending into the interior of the box for manipulating its contents. The base of the container has a colored or black surface specifically provided for visualizing substances, such as a white powder which may have been contained in an envelope, such as a letter, or package placed in the container for inspection of its contents. The letter openers (electrical or blades) for opening items, magnifying optics for examining items placed in the container and particle detection means may also be incorporated in or placed in the container. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of a container including features of the invention.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of an alternative construction of a container including features of the invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0016]    A rigid container  10  has a pair of gloves  12  integral with a front wall  14  of the container  10 , the gloves  12  extending into the interior  16  of the container. The embodiment shown has a lid  18  that is removable so that items to be examined can be placed in the box. The junction between the lid  18  and the box includes a seal  20 , such as a gasket, interlocking tongue and groove or other similar sealing means, such that once closed, the contents of the box can not readily escape without removal of the lid  18 . A seal design typically used with lids on plastic containers used to store foods is an example of a suitable closure and seal. However, one skilled in the art can readily provide other suitable seal structures which are, in any event, within the scope of the invention.  
         [0017]    In contrast with prior available devices, the container  10  does not have vents or any means for delivering flowing air. This is an important safety feature because powdered contaminants, such as dried, finely milled, powdered, freeze dried or miceoencapsulated anthrax, when present as micron sized particles, may be readily carried by moving air streams and may bypass general use filter systems. Also there is no need for inflation of the container  10 . The floor  22  of the container is colored, or has means for insertion of a colored sheet  24 , so that any powdered substance which falls from the item being opened can be readily seen. In one embodiment the floor  22  of the container is black so that white powder can be readily observed. In a second embodiment the floor  22  is provided with a checker board or other geometric pattern of black and white squares so that both a white powder or a brown or other colored powders can de readily seen.  
         [0018]    The preferred container is constructed from rigid plastic materials so that it has the appearance of a plastic box. However, it is also contemplated that the walls may be formed of a flexible but impervious plastic material  40  and that the container rendered substantially rigid by expanding a rigid frame  42  within or external to the box shaped enclosure.  
         [0019]    The front or side walls of the container have right and left gloves  30 ,  32 , with arm extensions  34  integral therewith and extending into the box so that an individual, after placing envelopes or packages in the container can place hands and arms in the gloves to manipulate the contents of the container. The gloves  30 ,  32  and glove arms  34  are constructed of a flexible plastic or rubber material that is impermeable to biological or chemical toxins which may be contained in the objects being opened and inspected. Also the top of the arm portions  34  on the gloves, as well as the seal  20  when the lid  18  is attached to the container, must be sealed to the container walls so that any powder, aerosol or vapor released from the contents of items placed in the container cannot escape from the container. The gloves  30 ,  32  or arm extensions  34  may be permanently attached to the fron wall  14  of the container  10  or secured by a suitable mounting flange  44  so that they can be periodically replaced.  
         [0020]    The container  10  can be constructed of a transparent material so that its contents can be readily observed, or have transparent windows for visualization and light transmission. In a preferred embodiment at least one side wall  26  is transparent for light transmission. A light fixture or laser  28  is mounted external to the transparent side wall  26  so that the light illuminates items being opened and any materials falling out of the items once opened.  
         [0021]    In some instances the ability to adequately observe the presence of powdery substances falling from the opened envelope or package is difficult to observe. Therefore electronic or optical devices may be provided to aid in detecting the presence. The light may be incandescent, fluorescent, halogen light or similar light source. Alternatively, the light source may be monochromatic or be limited in wave length to that which may be most beneficial for observing particular prior identified contaminants which are being searched for. Also the light source may provide UV or IR light, or have an adjustable wave length, if desired. In one embodiment the light source may be transmitted through a collimating lens  37  or one or more laser beams so as to shine on a photosensor  36  mounted on or in the opposite wall so that a substance, such as a powder, falling through the light beam will cause the light beam to be momentarily interrupted, causing the photosensor to sound an alarm  38 . In an alternative embodiment other photosensors may be located around the periphery of the box, but not in the path of the light beam, so that light reflected off of falling powder strikes other photosensors tripping an alarm.  
         [0022]    Another alternative is to provide a sensitive electronic scale on the bottom of the container so that any particulate matter (powder) dropping from the opened item can be detected by a change in weight of the top surface of the scale.  
         [0023]    To assist in opening packages a letter or package opener incorporating a razor blade or and electric envelope cutter may be placed in the box for use in opening the items. To aid in observation of contents optical magnifying instruments may also be included or the front wall or lid may include magnifying optics. The container may also include trays or sorting compartments for organizing opened or unopened items and other packaging materials for bundling opened, non-contaminated items for later distribution.  
         [0024]    The container  10  incorporating features of the invention also has utility solely for inspection of envelopes and packages before opening. Individuals receiving mail are instructed to consider as suspicious any mail that is:  
         [0025]    a) Unexpected or is from an unfamiliar source,  
         [0026]    b) Addressed to someone no longer with your organization or is outdated in any way.  
         [0027]    c) Has no return address or an address that cannot be verified,  
         [0028]    d) Is lopsided, oddly shaped, or has an unusual weight, given its size,  
         [0029]    e) Is marked with restrictive endorsements, such as “Personal” or “Confidential”,  
         [0030]    f) Has protruding wires, strange odors or stains, or  
         [0031]    g) Shows a city or state in the postmark that doesn&#39;t match the return address.  
         [0032]    In such an instance, sealable plastic bags, such as Zip Lock® bags, may be placed within the container  10  for isolating such suspicious envelopes or packages before opening by proper authorities.  
         [0033]    A particular advantage of the container incorporating features of the invention is that, should a contaminant be suspected or identified in an envelope or package opened therein, the items and contaminants do not have to be removed from the container for transport to a secured facility for examination. The container is so light and portable, and has no electrical connections or connections to blowers, filters or inflation means so it can be lifted and transported, with its contents to a safe location for further examination of its contents and decontamination or proper destruction if appropriate.  
         [0034]    It is evident from the foregoing that there are many additional embodiments of the present invention that, while not expressly described herein, are within the scope of this invention and may suggest themselves to one of ordinary skill in the art. Other variations include a box or bag with only one glove and a blade or an electric letter opener for opening envelopes mounted in the box. It is therefore intended that the invention be limited solely by the appended claims.