Abstract:
An organism collating device for collating concordance of an organism in dimension with characteristics of the registered organisms includes a storage means for storing attribute data classifying kinds of organisms relating to the characteristics of the organisms, an extraction means for extracting organism characteristics and attribute data from the organism, and a collation means for searching the organism characteristics stored in the storage means based the attribute data executed by the extraction means to collate the searched organism characteristics with the extracted organism characteristics for specifying an organism.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to an organism collating method and apparatus for specifying an identical person by detecting organism characteristics of a human being, and more particularly an improved collating method and apparatus for specifying an identical person by collating a face as organic characteristics of the human being. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     There is well known a collating method for collating a face in which an image of a face is taken by a camera beforehand to register its face data such as contour line and area of the face, interval of its eyes and so forth and a face image taken by the camera is collated with the registered face image to specify the identical person. 
     Such a conventional collating method, however, takes a long time period, different from well known verification of passwords, because extremely much quantity of face data have to be registered beforehand each of which is separately searched and collated. 
     As the number of persons to be registered increases, the search collation takes longer time, thereby giving the user discomfort by unfavorably waiting the completion of the search collation. 
     In order to solve the problem, there may be proposed reduction of face data, for example, reduction of the data items of a contour, an area, a centroid, an interval of eyes, a nose position and so forth, or reduction of data capacity in each item, thereby deteriorating the accuracy of collation and the reliability. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is, therefore, a primary object of this invention to provide an organism collating method and apparatus which can shorten retrieval time with maintaining the accuracy of collation even if there is much number of the living bodies to be registered as to the organism characteristics. 
     According to a first aspect of this invention, there is provided an organism collating device for collating concordance of an organism in dimension with characteristics of the registered organisms, which includes a storage means for storing attribute data classifying kinds of organisms relating to the characteristics of the organisms, an extraction means for extracting organism characteristics and attribute data from the organism, and a collation means for searching the organism characteristics stored in the storage means based on the attribute data extracted by the extraction means to collate the searched organism characteristics with the extracted organism characteristics for specifying an organism. The collating device extracts the organism characteristics and its attribute data from an organism (a human being or an animal), searches the registered data of organism characteristics in dimension with the attribute data, and specifies the organism by collating the search organism characteristics with the extracted organism characteristics, whereby a large quantity of the organism characteristic data is focused by the above-mentioned attribute data (hereinafter called as “focused”) and the time for search may be shortened. Moreover, the data of the organism characteristics is not reduced, thereby maintaining the accuracy of the collation. 
     According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided an organism collating device of the first aspect of the invention in which the attribute data is set by a body height, a body weight, a shape and color of clothes. When the attribute data is set to the body height of organism, the body weight, the shape and color of clothes, for example, the collation may be focused to specific body configuration or working clothes of a specific plant. 
     According to a third aspect of this invention, there is provided an organism collating device of the first aspect of the invention in which the attribute data is set to a magnitude of the collation frequency. When the attribute data is set to the magnitude of the collation frequency, the collation may be focused to the organisms doing frequent entrance and exit of specific area. 
     According to a fourth aspect of this invention, there is provided an organism collating device of the first aspect of the invention in which the attribute data is set to an age or an age group of an old, a late middle, a young, or a child. When the attribute data is set to the age group or the age, effective focus may be made when the age group has large difference in the ages. 
     According to a fifth aspect of this invention, there is provided an organism collating device of the first aspect of the invention in which the attribute data is set to a person exiting from a specific area. When the attribute data is set to the persons exiting from the specific area, effective focus may be made by setting to the exiting persons because the entering persons are predicted to exit where many specific persons enter into and exit from the specific area such as a laboratory. 
     According to a sixth aspect of this invention, there is provided an organism collating device of the first aspect of the invention in which the organism characteristics is set to face data of organisms. 
     According to a seventh aspect of this invention, there is provided an organism collating method in the device of the first aspect of the invention in which attribute data is searched beforehand and organism characteristics corresponding to the searched attribute data is collated. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Other objectives and advantages of this invention will be more readily apparent from the following detailed description provided in conjunction with the following figures, of which: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a door open-and-close system employing a collating device according to a preferred embodiment of this invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the collating device of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a table of personal data of a registered person registered in a storage of FIG. 2; and 
     FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an open-and-close operation of the door system of FIG.  1 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring, now, to FIG. 1, there is shown a door open-and-close system employing a collating device  12  according to a preferred embodiment of this invention, in which the organism is a human being. A door  10  is the electric door which opens and closes right and left in a sliding door formula, and is driven to opening and closing by a door open-and-close motion control device  11  which is driven by a control signal produced from the collating device  12 . The door  10  is disposed exclusively for entrance or exit. If the door is disposed in common use for entrance and exit, the equipments described below should be disposed on the other side of the door  10 . 
     A video camera  13  is disposed above the door  10  to take a picture of a person (an arrival person) who is going to pass the door  10 , and extracts from the taken picture various data as to a face, a body type (large, ordinary, and small), a shape, color and design of the clothes, an age group, a sexuality, and a tool exclusively used by the person such as a wheel chair, walk assistant instrument or the like. 
     A weight sensor  14  of a mat type is disposed in front of the door  10  to weigh a weight of the person, and a line sensor  15  having a group of photoelectric sensors of a light projecting type is installed into a pair of poles to measure the body height of the person. 
     The collating device  12  is connected with the camera  13 , the weight sensor  14  and the line sensor  15  to receive the image picture signal, a weighed signal and a measured signal. 
     In FIG. 2, there is shown a schematic block diagram of the collating device  12  of FIG. 1, in which a central processing unit (CPU)  20  activates and controls each circuit device according to a program stored in a read-only-memory (ROM)  21  and a random-access-memory (RAM)  22  stores data necessary for the operation. 
     Face images of the registered persons are taken by a camera beforehand to extract face data such as a contour line and area of the a face, an interval of eyes, a position of a nose, centroid of the face, and a storage  23  stores personal data including the extracted face data together with attribute data of the same registered person for the number of the persons to be registered. A keyboard  24  is disposed to enter the items and data necessary for the operation, and a display  25  indicates display facts. 
     The CPU  20  is connected with the door motion control device  11 , an image processing device  26  connected with the camera  13 , the weight sensor  14 , and the line sensor  15  through an I/O interface  27 . The image processing device  26  processes the picture image taken by the camera  13  to make image data which can be collated for application to the CPU  20 . 
     FIG. 3 shows a table of personal data of a person to be registered in the storage  23  for collation. The personal data includes a given name of the registered person, a registration item (a registration date and a registration number), face data of the registered person, and attribute data for classifying the registered person. The given name of the registered person, for example, is “Mr. A”, and the registration item is a registration data and a registration number. The face data includes a contour line and an area of a face, an interval of eyes, a position of a nose, a centroid of the face, and other personal data such as characteristics wounds and moles based on the image taken as to the face as organism characteristics. 
     The attribute data belongs to the registered person and/or face data, and consists of data classifying the kinds. That is, it includes an address, a working company name, its position department, a body height, a body weight, a body type (large, ordinary, or small), sexuality, age and/or an age group (an old, a late middle, a young or a child), a collation frequency rate how many times the collation was done per period or day, year-month-day and its time when the person entered or exited through the door  10  on collation, a collation history, a specific person (for example, a loitering person frequently entering or exiting through the door  10  without any intention in a nursing home, or other person), a wheel chair, a walk assistant instrument, other tool exclusively used by the person, and the specific items to be registered. 
     In FIG. 4, there is shown a processing operation of the CPU  20  controlling opening of the door  10  by thus constructed collating device  12 . As a person comes to the door  10 , the weight sensor  15  detects the arrival of the person to produce a detection signal and data of the measured weight, and the line sensor  14  also detects the arrival of the person to produce a detection signal and data of the measured body height. These signals and data are applied to the CPU  20 , the camera  13  is activated to take a picture of the arrival person, the taken picture is processed by the image processing unit  26  to produce image data capable of being collated for application to the CPU  20  which extracts the face data and the attribute data including body type data, sexuality data, age group data, and exclusive use application tool data based on the image data (steps n 1 , n 2 , and n 3 ). 
     Registered persons stored in the storage  23  are focused and searched on the basis of the attribute data of body type data, sexuality data, age group data and exclusive use application tool data, and the above-mentioned attribute data of the body weight and body weight, thereby collating the searched face data of the registered person and the face data extracted from the image taken by the camera  13  (steps n 4  and n 5 ). 
     If there can be found an identical person who has the coincidence with the face data of the arrival person in the registered persons or who is judged to be the same person at the predetermined collation ratio as a result of the collation, the door open-and-close motion control device  11  is driven to control the opening of the door  10  for allowing the arrival person to pass the door. Unless there can be found any identical person, the door  10  remains to be closed and the display  25  indicates an alarm (steps n 7  and n 8 ). 
     If the arrival person coincides with a registered person, the collation history of the attribute data of the registered person, namely, the year, month and day and time of the entry is stored. Then the collation frequency ratio is revised (step n 9 ). 
     When the arrival person enters into the door  10  or leaves by its entry rejection, the movement of the person is sensed by the weight sensor  14  and the line sensor  15  to complete the operation. 
     When the collation frequency ratio and the collation history are desired to be used as attribute data, it may be performed by entering them through keyboard  24  of the collating device  12 . 
     If the arrival person uses his identification card, its reader it disposed on the pole of the line sensor  15  to read the card. By recording the data of his address, a working company name, and a position department name, the recorded data may be extracted as attribute data. 
     Thus, according to this embodiment, the face data and its attribute data are extracted from the arrival person of the door  10 , a registered person is searched based on the attribute data, the face data of the searched registered person is collated with the face data taken by the camera  13  to identify the arrival person, a large number of registered person or face data may be focused or decreased as objects to be collated, thereby shortening the search time. Since the items of the face data are not decreased, the collation accuracy may be retained. 
     When the attribute data is set to the body height of organism, the body weight, the shapes and colors of clothes, for example, the collation may be focused to specific body configuration or working clothes of a specific plant. 
     When the attribute data is set to the magnitude of the collation frequency, the collation may be focused to the organism doing frequent entrance and exit of a specific area. 
     When the attribute data is set to the age group of the age, effective focus may be made when the age group has large difference in the ages. 
     When the attribute data is set to the persons exiting from the specific area, effective focus may be made by setting to the exiting persons because the entering persons are predicted to exit where may specific persons enter into and exit from the specific area such as a laboratory. 
     The organism characteristics of this invention may correspond to the face data of this embodiment and other organism characteristics such ad dactylogram, sonagram, and retina. The organism of this invention may be a human being or animals, the storage means corresponds to the storage  23 , the extraction means corresponds to the extracting function of face data and attribute data in the CPU  20 , and the collating means corresponds to the collating function of the CPU  20 , but this invention is not limited to the foregoing embodiment.