Abstract:
Methods for extruding a product are provided. In particular, a method for producing a striped confectionery product is provided. The method includes co-extruding at least two base products to form a co-extruded product stream comprising generally parallel layers of said base products extending laterally across a flow path; dividing the layered co-extruded product stream into at least two separate sub-streams, each sub-stream containing layers of said at least two base products; rotating said sub-streams about each other to re-orientate layers in one of said sub-streams relative to said layers in at least one other of said sub-streams; and recombining said re-oriented sub-streams of co-extruded product to form a single recombined product stream comprising an increased number of generally parallel layers of said base products when compared with said initial co-extruded product stream.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 11/720,467, now pending, filed on Jun. 12, 2007, which application is the national stage filing under 35 U.S.C. §371 of PCT/GB2005/004575, filed on Nov. 30, 2005, which claims priority to GB 0426220.0, filed on Nov. 30, 2004, the disclosures of which are incorporated by reference herein. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for producing striped or variegated product from two or more different base products. The apparatus and method are particularly, but not exclusively, suited for use in producing a striped or variegated confectionary product. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    The development of attractive new products for confectionary includes the development of new shapes, new visual effects, and a combination of tastes and textures. 
         [0004]    It is known to produce confectionary made of two different products to produce a striped effect. A striped effect can be produced using products having different colours. For example, two different coloured gums can be combined to produce a striped gum product. Alternatively, or additionally, two products having a different texture and/or taste can be combined. An example of this would be to combine a gum and a soft chew to produce a striped or variegated product. 
         [0005]    Extrusion systems are known that can be used to combine two different base products, such as different coloured gums, to produce a confectionary product with a striped effect. However, the known systems are complex and tend to be rather expensive. 
         [0006]    There is a need then for an apparatus and method that can combine two or more different base products to form a product having a striped or variegated appearance and which are simpler and cheaper than the prior art apparatus and methods. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    According to a first aspect of the invention, there is provided apparatus for producing a striped or variegated product comprises means for co-extruding at least two different base products into a common flow path such that the base products combine to form a layered, co-extruded product stream, and die means for receiving the layered co-extruded product stream, the die means being arranged so as to divide the layered co-extruded product stream into at least two separate sub-streams of layered co-extruded product which rotate about each other and to subsequently recombine the at least two sub-streams into a single recombined product stream. 
         [0008]    In the apparatus in accordance with the invention, the layered co-extruded product is divided into separate steams of product that spiral about each other so that the disposition of the streams relative to each other can be varied before the streams are recombined. Because the two streams are moved around each other before being recombined, the layers in the co-extruded product can be manipulated so that the end product has a striped or variegated appearance. 
         [0009]    The at least two sub-streams may follow a generally helical path around each other. 
         [0010]    The apparatus may further comprise a cutter means for dividing the recombined product stream into at least two ropes, each rope having a striped or variegated effect. 
         [0011]    The die means may include at least one body member defining a flow passage and a generally helical blade or screw statically mounted in the passage to divide the passage into two generally helical flow paths, one for each of the sub-streams. 
         [0012]    The generally helical blade may comprise two or more generally helical blade members arranged in series, each blade member being angularly offset relative to an adjacent blade member, such that the respective flow paths defined by said adjacent blade members are offset. 
         [0013]    The use of two or more blade members has the advantage of increasing the amount of manipulation of the co-extruded product to increase and/or vary the visual effect achieved. Furthermore, by varying the amount of offset between the blade members and the length of the blade members, the nature of the visual effect created can also be altered. 
         [0014]    In one embodiment, all the generally helical blade members are provided in a passage of a common body member so that the relationship between the blade members is fixed. 
         [0015]    In an alternative embodiment, the die means has at least two body members which are releasable assembled together, each body member defining a flow passage and having at least one generally helical blade member statically mounted in the passage to divide the passage into two generally helical flow paths. The relative orientation of the body members may be adjustable to vary the angular offset between the blade members in the body members. This arrangement has the advantage that the offset between the blade members can be adjusted to vary the visual effect in the final product. Additionally, it is possible to produce a range of different length body members which can be assembled in various combinations to vary the visual effect achieved in the final product. 
         [0016]    The apparatus may be adapted for use in producing a confectionary product. 
         [0017]    In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of producing a product having a striped or variegated appearance, the method comprising: 
         [0018]    co-extruding at least two base products to faun a layered, co-extruded product stream; 
         [0019]    dividing the layered co-extruded product stream into at least two separate sub-streams, each sub-stream containing layers of the at least two base materials; 
         [0020]    rotating the sub-streams about each other to re-orientate layers in one of the sub-streams relative to the layers in at least one other of the sub-streams; and 
         [0021]    recombining the re-oriented sub-streams of co-extruded product to form a single recombined product stream. 
         [0022]    The method may also comprise cutting the recombined product stream into at least two ropes. 
         [0023]    The method may comprise dividing the co-extruded product into a first pair of separate sub-streams and rotating the first pair of sub-streams about each other and subsequently dividing the product into a further pair of sub-streams and rotating the further pair of sub-streams about each other before recombining the further pair of sub-streams, the further pair of sub-streams being offset relative the first pair of sub-streams. 
         [0024]    The step of dividing the co-extruded product stream into at least two sub-streams may be carried out using a helical blade or screw mounted statically in a flow passage. The helical blade or screw may include two or more blade members, each blade member being angularly offset relative to an adjacent blade member. The angular offset between all the blade members may be fixed or the angular offset between at least some of the blade members can be adjustable. 
         [0025]    The method may comprise providing a plurality of body members, each defining a flow passage with at least one generally helical blade member mounted therein to divide the passage into two generally helical flow paths, the body members being connectable to form the means for dividing the co-extruded product into the at least two separate sub-streams. 
         [0026]    The product is preferably a confectionary product. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]    An embodiment of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
           [0028]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view through an apparatus in accordance with a first aspect of the invention; 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of part of the apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a nozzle of the apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view showing the relative positions of a nozzle and an adapter plate of the apparatus of  FIG. 1 ; and, 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  is a schematic cross sectional view taken on line A-A of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 6  is a schematic cross sectional view taken on line B-B of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0034]      FIG. 7  is a schematic cross sectional view taken on line C-C of  FIG. 1 ; 
           [0035]      FIG. 8  is a schematic cross sectional view taken on line D-D of  FIG. 1 ; and, 
           [0036]      FIGS. 9   a  and  9   b  show products having different visual effects created using the apparatus of  FIG. 1 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0037]    With reference to the drawings, apparatus in the form of a die for producing a striped or variegated product in accordance with the invention is indicated generally at  10 . 
         [0038]    The die  10  includes an inlet nozzle  12 , an adapter plate  14 , a connection plate  16 , a twist member  18 , and a final cutter  20 . 
         [0039]    The inlet nozzle  12  and the adapter plate  14  are adapted to be mounted to a twin extruder (not shown) to enable two base products A, B to be co-extruded to form a layered, co-extruded product in a manner known in the art. To this end, the inlet nozzle  12  has a circular flange  22  for mounting to the extruder and a main, tapered body portion  24  that extends from the circular flange to a generally rectangular nose portion  26 . A passageway  28  is formed through the nozzle. The passageway includes a generally conical inlet portion  30  which tapers into a generally rectangular passageway  31  extending through the nose portion  26  to define an outlet  32 . 
         [0040]    The adapter plate  14  is circular and is provided with a central, generally rectangular opening  34 , which receives the nose portion  26  of the inlet nozzle. The width of the opening  34  is approximately the same as the width of the nose portion  26 , so that the nose portion can be received in the opening with a minimum clearance at the sides. However, the height of the opening  34  is larger than the height of the nose portion  26 , so that, as can best be seen in  FIG. 1 , clearances  27  are provided above and below the nose portion  26  when it is received in the opening  34 . 
         [0041]    The adaptor plate is held in position on the extruder by the connection plate  16 . As shown in ghost in  FIG. 1 , bolts  36  pass through corresponding holes in the connection Plate  16  and adaptor plate  14  to secure the plates to the extruder. Studs  38  may be provided on the inner face of the adaptor plate for engagement in corresponding holes on the extruder to accurately position the adaptor plate. 
         [0042]    Seal means  40 ,  42  are provided to seal between the adaptor plate  14  and the extruder and between the adaptor plate  14  and the connection plate  16  respectively. 
         [0043]    On the side of the connection plate  16  facing away from the adaptor plate is a flange  43  to which the twist member  18  is mounted by means of a quick release fitting, as will be described later. An opening  44  is provided through the connection plate  16 . The opening  44  is aligned with the opening  34  in the adapter plate  14  and the outlet  32  of the nozzle. The opening  44  is generally conical, tapering from its widest point at the side adjacent the adapter plate to its narrowest point on the side adjacent the twist member. 
         [0044]    The twist member  18  comprises a tubular body  46  defining a cylindrical passage  47  and has two generally helical or spiral blade members  48 ,  49  mounted statically within the passage  47 . The outer diameters of the helical blade members  48 ,  49  are substantially the same as the diameter of the passage  47  through the tubular body  46  so that each blade member defines two generally helical flow paths in the passage  47 , one on either side of the blade member. 
         [0045]    One end of the body  46  has a tapered flange  50  that projects radically outwardly and is adapted to be received in a recess  52  formed in the flange  44  of the connection plate. A connector ring  54  is loosely mounted about the body of the twist member  18  and is adapted to cooperate with formations  55  on the outer diameter of the flange  43  to thinly connect the twist member  18  to the connection plate  16 . Preferably, the connection ring  54  and the formations  55  on flange  43  are arranged to provide a quick release fitting for connecting the twist member  18  to the connection plate  18  in a manner known in the art. For example, the connection ring  54  and the formations  55  on the flange  43  may be adapted to provide a bayonet or other type of twist-fit quick release connection. 
         [0046]    At the opposite end of the tubular body  46  from the tapered flange  50  is a further radial flange  56  to which the final cutter  20  is mounted. The flange  56  has a recess  58  formed in its outer face which is adapted to receive a flange  59  formed on one end of a tubular body  60  of the cutter  20 . A further connection ring  62 , similar to connection ring  54 , is mounted about the body of the cutter. The connection ring  62  cooperates with formations on the further flange  56  of the twist member to provide a quick release connection means for firmly mounting the cutter  20  to the twist member  18 . 
         [0047]    A passageway  64  extends through the final cutter. A first portion  66  of the passageway is generally conical and tapers into a generally rectangular second portion  68 . The second portion of the passageway  68  is divided into two by a cutter blade  70  to provide two generally rectangular outlet openings  72 ,  74 . 
         [0048]    The first generally helical blade member  48  in the twist member  14  is located in the upstream end of the passageway  47  and its leading edge protrudes from the forward end of the twist member  18  so as to project into the opening  44  in the connection plate  16 . The leading edge of the first blade member  48  forms a first cutting edge  76  which acts to dived the co-extruded product flowing through the passageway  44  into two separate sub-streams which flow along the paths on either side of the first blade member  48 , as will be described in more detail later. 
         [0049]    The second generally helical or spiral blade member  49  is located downstream from the first blade member  48  and is angularly offset relative the first blade member  48 . The angular offset between the first and second blades  48 ,  49  is selected to provide a desired visual effect of the final product. In the present embodiment, the second blade member  49  is offset by approximately 90 degrees relative to the first blade member  48  to produce a striped effect in the final product. 
         [0050]    The leading edge of the second blade member  49  adjacent the first blade member  48  provides a second cutting edge  78  which extends across the flow paths formed on either side of the first blade member  48 . The second cutting edge acts to divide the co-extruded product flowing in the two sub-streams on either side of the first blade member  48  into two new sub-steams flowing one on either side of the second blade member  49 . 
         [0051]    The adapter plate  14 , the connecter plate  16 , and the twist member  18  may be warmed by any suitable means, such as an electrical heating tape (not shown) connected to a temperature controller (also not shown). The required temperature will vary depending on the product to be extruded but is likely to be in the range of 45 to 75 degrees Celsius for most confectionary products. 
         [0052]    Suitable sealing means may be provided between the various components of the die  10  as is well known in the art. 
         [0053]    Operation of the apparatus  10  will now be described. 
         [0054]    A first base product A is extruded through the passageway  28  in the nozzle  12  to form a generally rectangular first layer in the opening  44  in the connection plate  16 . A second base product B is extruded between the nozzle  12  and the adapter plate. The second base product passes through the clearances  27  between the top and bottom surfaces of the nose portion  26  of the nozzle and the opening  34  in the adapter plate  12  into the opening  44  in the connection plate, where it forms layers on either side of the layer of the first base product. The result is the formation of co-extruded product in the opening  44  having three layers in which a middle layer of the first base product is sandwiched between outer layers of the second base product. 
         [0055]    As the co-extruded product advances through the opening  44  in the connection plate, it meets with the first cutting edge  76  of the first blade member  48 . The first cutting edge  76  divides the co-extruded product into two sub-streams one flowing along each side of the first helical blade member. The first cutting edge  76  is arranged so that it divides the co-extruded product along a line that extends across all three layers of the co-extruded product in the opening  44 . Preferably, the first cutting edge  76  extends at an angle of approximately 90 degrees to the orientation of the layers. In the present embodiment, the layers of the co-extruded product are aligned generally horizontally and the first cutting edge  76  is aligned to extend generally vertically. It will be understood, however, that the alignment of the layers need not be horizontal and the alignment of the first cutting edge need not be vertical. 
         [0056]    As the co-extruded product enters the flow paths on either side of the first helical blade member it forms two separate sub-streams each having three layers of the base products arranged side by side as shown in  FIG. 5 . Because the flow paths defined by the first helical blade are spiralled or helical, the sub-streams rotate about each other as they progress along the length of the first blade member  48 . In the present embodiment, the length of the first blade member is such that the two sub-streams are positioned one above the other as they near the end of the first blade. However, the layers of base product in each of the sub-streams will tend to remain horizontally aligned, hence as the streams exit the first blade member  48  they, in effect, produce a stack of five layers of the base products A, B as illustrated in  FIG. 6 . 
         [0057]    As the sub-streams of co-extruded product exit the first helical blade member  48 , they encounter the second cutting edge  78  on the second helical blade member  49 . The second blade member  49  is offset by about 90 degrees relative to the first blade member  48  such that the cutting edge  78  extends approximately perpendicularly to the end  80  of the first blade and to the layers of base product in the two streams exiting the first blade member. The second cutting edge  78  thus divides the sub-streams of product exiting the first blade member  48  into two new sub-streams, one on either side of the second blade. Because of the relative positions of the two blade members, each of the new sub-streams has five layers of the basic products, as is depicted in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0058]    As the new sub-streams enter the flow paths on either side of the second blade they are again aligned generally side by side as shown in  FIG. 7 . However, as the sub-streams progress along the flow paths they spiral about each other and the arrangement is such that as they exit the second blade, they are arranged generally one above the other, as illustrated in  FIG. 8 . Once again, the layers in the sub-streams flowing about the second blade member tend to remain aligned generally horizontally so that as the sub-streams exit the second blade member  49 , they recombine to form a single recombined steam of product having a stack of nine layers of the two base products A, B. 
         [0059]    The recombined and re-stacked stream of co-extruded product then passes through the final cutter  20  where it is formed into two ropes. The cutter  20  is aligned to ensure that the recombined product is divided along an axis that reveals the striped formation. 
         [0060]    The visual effect produced in the final product can be varied by altering the lengths of the first and second helical blade members  48 ,  49  and by altering the angle of the offset between them.  FIG. 9   a  illustrates a product  81  having a striped finish produced as described generally above.  FIG. 9   b  illustrates a product having a variegated or “rainbow” type effect in which there is a predominance of one of the base products A on one side and a predominance of the other of the base products B on the other side with a gradual variation in the middle. 
         [0061]    In the present embodiment, the first and second helical blade members  48 ,  49  are provided in a common tubular body  46 . However, the two blade members  48 ,  49  could be provided in separate tubular body members that can be connected together, for example by means of a quick release connector similar to that used to mount the final cutter  20  to the twist member  18 . This has the advantage that the offset between the first and second blade members  48 ,  49  can be easily adjusted. It also allows a range of different length blade members to be provided which can be interchanged to produce the desired visual effect in the final product. 
         [0062]    The helical blade members  48 ,  49  may in the form of screws welded or otherwise fixed in the tubular body member(s), the leading ends of the screws being shaped to form the first and second cutting edges  76 ,  78 . However, any suitable means of defining the helical flow paths can be used. 
         [0063]    A variety of base products can be used to produce different effects. The base products may differ only in colour. For example the apparatus can be used to extrude product comprising gums or soft chews of different colours. Alternatively, or additionally, the base products may differ in taste and/or texture. In this case one of the products may be a gum and the other a soft chew. These are of course only examples and those skilled in the art will be able to device numerous alternative products and combinations that can be adapted for use with the invention. Furthermore, it should be understood that more than two different base products can be used. 
         [0064]    The product produced by the die  10  described above may be subject to further treatment or processing. For example the ropes of product leaving the final cutter may be covered in an outer coating so that the striped effect is only revealed when the product is bitten into or the outer coating removed. 
         [0065]    Whereas the invention has been described in relation to what is presently considered to be the most practical and preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the disclosed arrangements but rather is intended to cover various modifications and equivalent constructions included within the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, whilst the invention has primarily been described in relation to a confectionary product, it will be appreciated that invention could be used to create similar effects in non-confectionary extruded products. 
         [0066]    Where the terms “comprise”, “comprises”, “comprised” or “comprising” are used in this specification, they are to be interpreted as specifying the presence of the stated features, integers, steps or components referred to, but not to preclude the presence or addition of one or more other feature, integer, step, component or group thereof.