Abstract:
The purpose of the present invention is to provide a charged particle beam device and a sample holder for the charged particle beam device by which it is possible to form various environments, and perform in-situ observation and analysis without removing a sample from the charged particle beam device. In the present invention, inserting a detachable reverse side entry portion from a side facing a sample holding means, said portion being provided with a function for changing the state of a sample attached to the sample holding means, makes it possible to observe/analyze changes in the sample by a different process without removing the sample from the charged particle beam device by combining a reverse side entry portion having a different function with the sample holding means. The reverse side entry portion comprises two parts, and a tip thereof, which is one of the parts, is removable. After mounting the reverse side entry portion onto the sample holding means, the sample can be transported while maintaining the same atmosphere, and the sample can be transported between different devices without exposing the sample to air.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a charged particle beam device for observing a sample (also called a specimen) using a charged particle beam and a sample holder (also called a specimen holder) for the charged particle beam device. 
       BACKGROUND ART 
       [0002]    In a charged particle beam device, in addition to observing a sample at room temperature, a method of making an “in-situ” observation of changes of a sample by heating to a high temperature, cooling, applying a voltage or a pressure, or applying a pulling-stress is known. Also, a method of making an “in-situ” observation of how a sample changes in a reactant gas atmosphere to come to actual conditions as close as possible is known. 
         [0003]    Regarding the observation in a gas atmosphere, as described in PTLs 1 and 2, a method of sandwiching a sample between two grids and providing a mechanism to introduce a gas to therebetween and exhaust a gas therefrom is known. 
         [0004]    Also, as described in PTL 3, a method of providing a tubular cover around a sample and providing two holes in the cover for an electron beam to pass through to enhance differential pumping is known. 
         [0005]    Regarding the observation in a gas atmosphere or a liquid atmosphere, as described in PTL 4, a method of arranging a membrane, a portion of which is transparent, at a fixed mutual distance, supplying a fluid to between membranes, providing a mechanism to heat the membrane, the fluid between the membranes, and a sample, a heating element thereof is housed inside or on the membrane, and the sample is placed on the heating element is known. 
         [0006]    Also, as described in PTL 5, a method of observing a gas reaction at high temperature by providing a capillary tube to blow a gas facing a heater to heat a sample is known. 
         [0007]    In another conventional technology, like in PTL 6, a method of cooling and observing a sample by providing a refrigerant tank that stores a refrigerant to cool the sample near a sample holder is known. 
       CITATION LIST 
     Patent Literature 
       [0008]    PTL 1: JP 2009-117196 A 
         [0009]    PTL 2: JP 9-129168 A 
         [0010]    PTL 3: U.S. Pat. No. 5,326,971 
         [0011]    PTL 4: JP 2008-512841 A, International application PCT/NL2005/000662 
         [0012]    PTL 5: JP 2003-187735 A 
         [0013]    PTL 6: JP 2000-208083 A 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
     Technical Problem 
       [0014]    In all of the conventional technologies described in PTLs 1 to 6, a sample holder which holds a sample is equipped with the function of heating and the like and no consideration is given to the possibility of having the function outside the sample holder. Thus, when a combination experiment of many capabilities should be conducted, a problem of the limited number of capabilities that can be equipped is posed. In addition, by equipping the sample holder with various kinds of capabilities, the sample holder increases in size, posing a problem of being more likely to be subject to vibration, making high-resolution observations more difficult. 
         [0015]    In addition, the above conventional technologies relate all to observations under vacuum or in a liquid when heated, cooled, a voltage or pressure is applied, or pulling-stress is applied and no consideration is given to cleaning of a sample and a sample holder. 
         [0016]    Thus, for example, a charged particle beam device and a sample holder for the charged particle beam device that can be used for static observations under normal vacuum, allows an in-situ observation in a special atmosphere of a gas, a liquid or the like in a combination of various functions added to the sample holder and various removable functions separately added to sample chamber of the charged particle beam device while heating, cooling, applying a voltage or pressure, or applying pulling-stress to the sample without damaging the main body of the charged particle beam device, and further allows implementation of various functions without re-placing the sample in different environments by combining different functions such as cleaning of the sample and the sample holder are demanded. 
         [0017]    In consideration of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a charged particle beam device capable of forming various environments and making in-situ observations and analyses without taking out a sample from the charged particle beam device and a sample holder for the charged. particle beam device. 
       Solution to Problem 
       [0018]    To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the configuration described in claims. The configuration is, for example, as described below. 
         [0019]    To solve one of the above problems, a removable reverse side entry portion including a different function is inserted into a sample holder inserted into a sample chamber of a charged particle beam device. 
         [0020]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, as a function to change a state of a sample provided in the removable reverse side entry portion, two pairs or more of electrode terminals are included to apply a voltage to the sample and when combined with a sample holding means, are arranged in a portion fixing a micro-sample of a sample holding portion or the neighborhood thereof to be connected to the micro-sample by a metal wire or the like and the electrode terminals are connected to a voltage applying power source outside an electron microscope. 
         [0021]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with a gas injection mechanism. 
         [0022]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with a sample atmosphere blocking function surrounding the sample holding portion and capable of blocking an atmosphere between a sample chamber and the sample, being removed from the sample holder and the sample chamber of the charged particle beam device and also evacuating. 
         [0023]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with the sample atmosphere blocking function surrounding the sample holding portion and capable of blocking the atmosphere between the sample chamber and the sample, a cell membrane of a light-element thin film is included, in a sample atmosphere blocking portion, and when combined with the sample holding means, the cell membrane is arranged on a charged particle axis. 
         [0024]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with a micro vacuum gauge. 
         [0025]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with a temperature-humidity sensor. 
         [0026]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with the sample atmosphere blocking function surrounding the sample holding portion and capable of blocking the atmosphere between the sample chamber and the sample, an electrode plate facing an inner side of the sample atmosphere blocking portion is provided, a control unit is connected to one electrode via a high frequency generator, another electrode is installed, and a sample portion of the sample holder is arranged between the electrodes. 
         [0027]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with a stress applying function to apply stress. 
         [0028]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with a gear arranged so as to mesh with a micro-gear mounted on a sample support of the sample holder. 
         [0029]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the tip portion of the reverse side entry portion, which can be divided into two portions in the sample chamber of the charged particle beam device, is removably mounted on the side of the sample holder of the removable reverse side entry portion. 
         [0030]    Also, to solve one of the above problems, the removable reverse side entry portion is provided with a function to cool the tip portion of the sample holder. 
       Advantageous Effects of Invention 
       [0031]    According to the present invention, changes of a sample in different processes can be observed and analyzed without removing the sample from a charged particle beam device by combining a reverse side entry portion having a different function and a sample holder having a different function. In addition, after a reverse side entry portion tip portion is attached to the sample holder, the sample holder can be transported while an atmosphere is maintained. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0032]      FIG. 1  is a basic configuration diagram of an electron microscope  1  as an embodiment of the present invention. 
           [0033]      FIGS. 2( a ) and 2( b )  are basic configuration diagrams of a tip portion of a sample holder for electron microscope  6  and a tip portion of a reverse side entry  17  according to an embodiment. 
           [0034]      FIGS. 3( a ) and 3( b )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a gas injection mechanism and a voltage applying mechanism according to an embodiment. 
           [0035]      FIGS. 4( a ) to 4( c )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a sample atmosphere blocking mechanism according to an embodiment. 
           [0036]      FIGS. 5( a ) and 5( b )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  provided with a cell membrane  32  made of a light element through which an electron beam  20  can pass according to an embodiment. 
           [0037]      FIGS. 6( a ) and 6( b )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a plasma generator according to an embodiment, 
           [0038]      FIGS. 7( a ) to 7( c )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a mechanism of applying stress according to an embodiment. 
           [0039]      FIGS. 8( a ) to 8( c )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a sample rotating mechanism according to an embodiment, 
           [0040]      FIGS. 9( a ) and 9( b )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a removable atmosphere blocking portion  27  according to an embodiment. 
           [0041]      FIGS. 10( a ) to 10( c )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a sample cooling mechanism according to an embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS 
       [0042]    In.  FIG. 1 , a basic configuration diagram of an electron microscope  1  as an embodiment of the present invention is shown. A column of the electron microscope  1  includes an electron gun  2 , a condenser lens  3 , an objective lens  4 , and a projector lens  5 . A sample holder for electron microscope  6  is inserted between the objective lenses  4 . A fluorescent screen  7  is mounted below the projector lens  5  and a TV camera  8  is mounted below the fluorescent screen  7 . The TV camera  8  is connected to an image recording unit  9   b  via an image display unit  9   a.  A sample  10  is held in the tip portion of the sample holder for electron microscope  6 . An aperture  11  for differential pumping is arranged between the condenser lens  3  and the objective lens  4 . A space between the electron gun  2  and the condenser lens  3 , a space between the condenser lens  3  and the objective lens  4 , an electron microscope sample chamber  12 , and an observation chamber  13  are each connected to different vacuum pumps  15  via a valve  14 . 
         [0043]    A sample pre-evacuation chamber  16  is set up in the electron microscope sample chamber  12  and the sample pre-evacuation chamber  16  is connected to the vacuum pump  15  via the valve  14 . The reverse side entry portion  17  inserted into the electron microscope sample chamber  12  facing the sample holder  6 . In the electron microscope sample chamber  12 , a reverse side entry pre-evacuation chamber  18  is mounted facing the sample pre-evacuation chamber  16 . The reverse side entry pre-evacuation chamber  13  is connected to the vacuum pump  15  via the valve  14 . Before the reverse side entry portion  17  is inserted into the sample chamber  12 , air in the reverse side entry portion  17  and the reverse side entry pre-evacuation chamber  18  is exhausted from the reverse side entry pre-evacuation chamber  18  using the vacuum pump  15  for insertion into the sample chamber  12 . Various capabilities may be added to the reverse side entry portion  17  so that the reverse side entry portion  17  can be replaced according to the purpose of observation. In  FIG. 1 , the reverse side entry portion  17  has a voltage applying mechanism to the sample  10  and is connected to a voltage applying power source  19 . 
         [0044]    An incident electron beam  20  generated by the electron gun  2  is converged by the condenser lens  3  before the sample  10  is irradiated therewith. A transmitted electron beam  21  having transmitted the sample  10  is formed as an image by the objective lens  4  and the image is enlarged by the projector lens  5  before being projected onto the fluorescent screen  7 . Alternatively, the fluorescent screen  7  is lifted to project the image onto the TV camera.  8  and a transmitted image is displayed in the image display unit  9   a  and recorded in the image recording unit  9   b.  The sample holder  6  has electrodes  23  so as to come into contact with both ends of the sample  10 . The reverse side entry portion.  17  has electrodes  24  to apply a voltage to the sample  10 . A voltage is applied to the sample  10  by bringing the respective electrodes  23 ,  24  into contact. A transmitted image of the sample  10  during application of the voltage is captured by the TV camera  8  and recorded in the image recording unit  9   b.    
         [0045]      FIGS. 2( a ) and 2( b )  show basic configuration diagrams of the tip portion of the sample holder for electron microscope  6  and the tip portion of the reverse side entry  17  according to an embodiment of the present invention. A sample contact portion  22  of the sample holder  6  on which the sample  10  is placed is made of an insulating material and electrodes  23   a,    23   b  are provided on both side thereof and in contact with both sides of the sample  10 . The sample  10  is fixed to the sample holder  6  by a sample presser foot  25  made of or coated with an insulating material. The sample presser foot  25  is a screw-in type and is fixed to the sample holder  6 . Electrodes  24   a,    24   b  of movable type are fixed from the reverse side entry portion  17  so as to be in contact with electrodes  23   a ′,  23   b ′ of the sample holder  6 . The electrodes  24   a,    24   b  are connected to the voltage applying power source  19 . Accordingly, the weight reduction of the sample holder  6  can be achieved so that the influence such as vibration can be reduced. Due to a decreased size, the high resolution objective lens  4  with a narrow gap can be used and changes when a voltage is applied can be observed in high resolution. 
         [0046]      FIGS. 3( a ) and 3( b )  show the reverse side entry portion  17  and the sample holder  6  with a gas injection mechanism and a voltage applying mechanism as an embodiment.  FIG. 3( a )  is a configuration diagram and  FIG. 3( b )  is a top view. The reverse side entry portion  17  includes a gas injection nozzle  26  to inject a gas into the neighborhood of the sample  10  and a gas is injected from outside the sample chamber  12 . The gas injection nozzle  26  can be inserted into the neighborhood of an observation region of the sample  10  so that a sample reaction field can efficiently be created. By injecting a gas and applying a voltage to the sample  10 , changes occurring in the sample  10  in any gas atmosphere while the voltage is applied can be observed. In addition, by injecting a gas after applying a voltage and observing the sample  10  in advance before the gas is injected, the influence of the gas can be known. 
         [0047]      FIGS. 4( a ) to 4( c )  show an embodiment of the reverse side entry portion  17  including a sample atmosphere blocking mechanism.  FIG. 4( a )  is a configuration diagram,  FIG. 4( b )  is a sectional view of a sample atmosphere blocking portion  27  at the tip of the reverse side entry portion  17 , and  FIG. 4( c )  is a sectional view of the sample holder  6 . The reverse side entry portion is linked to the pump  15  or a gas cylinder via the valve  14 . The sample atmosphere blocking portion  27  is provided at the tip of the reverse side entry portion  17 . The sample atmosphere blocking portion  27  can be moved horizontally by an external control  28  and combined like surrounding the tip portion of the sample holder  6  and the sample  10 . The reverse side entry portion  17  is removable from the sample chamber  12  and when inserted, the reverse side entry portion  17  is first inserted, into the reverse side entry pre-evacuation chamber  18  before being inserted into the sample chamber  12  while the valve  14  is closed to evacuate air from inside a body shaft  29  of the reverse side entry portion  17  and pipes individually. Then, the reverse side entry portion  17  is inserted into the sample chamber and the valve is opened. 
         [0048]    The tip of the reverse side entry portion  17  has a hollow structure and moves horizontally around the body shaft  30  of the reverse side entry portion  17 . By combining in a position where an O ring  30  on the side of the sample holder  6  and the sample atmosphere blocking portion  27 , the atmosphere of the sample chamber  12  and the atmosphere of the sample  10  can be blocked. After the atmosphere is blocked, a gas can be injected into the surroundings of the sample  10  from a gas cylinder via a gas injection port and then, by exhausting air after switching the cylinder and the vacuum pump, the influence of irradiation of the electron beam  20  on the sample  10  can be reduced as much as possible and the sample  10  in a gas atmosphere before and after changes can be observed. Here, as shown in  FIG. 4 c   , the sample holder  6  is described as the standard type in which the sample  10  is fixed by a ring spring  31 , but by adopting a sample heating holder for the side of the sample holder  6 , changes of the sample  10  in a gas atmosphere at high temperature can be observed in the same field of view. In addition, like the embodiment shown in  FIGS. 2( a ) and 2( b ) , the voltage applying mechanism may be added so that changes of the sample  10  while a voltage is applied in a gas atmosphere can be observed in the same field of view. Because a reaction is allowed only inside the sample atmosphere blocking portion  27 , any reaction experiment may be conducted without affecting the device body. 
         [0049]      FIGS. 5( a ) and 5( b )  show an embodiment including a sample atmosphere blocking mechanism provided with a cell membrane  32  made of a light element through which the electron beam  20  can pass in a portion of the reverse side entry portion  17 . The cell membrane  32  through which the electron beams  20 ,  21  can pass is mounted in a portion to be an electron beam path in the reverse side entry portion  17  and the atmospheres of the sample chamber  12  and the sample  10  are blocked to form cells. In this state, a transmitted image can be observed. The gas nozzle  26  to inject a gas, a temperature-humidity sensor  33 , and a micro vacuum gauge  34  are mounted inside the cell and each is connected to controllers  35 ,  36  outside the column. The reverse side entry portion  17  includes a hollow evacuation hole  37  connected to the vacuum pump  15  via the valve  14 . Accordingly an in-situ observation of chances of the sample  10  can be made while injecting any gas into the cell and monitoring the temperature and humidity and the cell internal pressure by the temperature-humidity sensor  33  and the micro vacuum gauge  34  respectively. By adopting a voltage applying or heating holder for the side of the sample holder  6 , an in-situ observation of voltage application or heating in any atmosphere can be made. 
         [0050]      FIGS. 6( a ) and 6( b )  show an embodiment of providing a plasma generator in the reverse side entry portion  17 .  FIG. 6( a )  is a configuration diagram and  FIG. 6( b )  is a top view of an internal configuration. The reverse side entry portion  17  includes the sample atmosphere blocking portion  27  including the cell membrane  32  allowing the electron beams  20 ,  21  to vertically transmit the sample  10  and made of ceramics. The gas injection nozzle  26 , the evacuation hole  37 , and the micro vacuum gauge  34  are included inside the blocked cell. The gas injection nozzle  26  is connected to a cylinder of the air containing oxygen (O 2 ) or a mixed gas of oxygen (O 2 ) and Ar via a needle valve  38 . As shown in  FIG. 6( b ) , a pair of plasma electrodes  39   a,    39   b  is provided on the inner wall of the sample atmosphere blocking portion  27  on both sides of the position of the sample  10  and each electrode is connected to a high frequency generating power source  40  or grounded  41 . Oxygen injected from the gas injection nozzle  26  becomes plasma and generated active oxygen reacts with CH adsorbed by the sample holder  6  and the sample  10  to become a contamination factor and exhausted from the evacuation hole  37  as H 2 O, CO, or CO 2 . Then, by taking the reverse side entry portion  17  out of the sample chamber  12 , an observation and analysis without contamination can be made. 
         [0051]      FIGS. 7( a ) to 7( c )  show an embodiment in which the reverse side entry portion  17  is provided with a mechanism to apply stress to the sample  10 .  FIG. 7( a )  is a configuration diagram,  FIG. 7( b ) is a sectional view, and  FIG. 7( c )  is a top view of an internal configuration. In this case, the sample  10  is fixed to the sample holder  6  facing a stress applying portion  42  by a sample presser foot fixing screw  44  via a sample presser foot  43 . The position of the stress applying portion  42  provided in the reverse side entry portion  17  is moved in the X, Y, and Z directions by a piezoelectric element  45 . The piezoelectric element  45  is connected to a stress applying power source  46  and the stress applying power source  43  operates the piezoelectric element  45  such that necessary applied stress is added. Though not shown in the drawing, an in-situ observation of changes of the sample  10  by applying stress in a gas atmosphere can be made by adding the gas injection nozzle  26 . 
         [0052]      FIGS. 8( a ) to 8( c )  show an embodiment in which the reverse side entry portion  17  is provided with a sample rotating mechanism.  FIG. 8( a )  is a configuration diagram,  FIG. 8( b )  is a top view, and  FIG. 8( c )  is a bottom view. The sample holder  6  unit includes a sample biaxial leaning mechanism  47 . A gear mechanism  49  to rotate the sample  10  is included on the undersurface of a sample stage portion  48  of the sample holder  6  on which the sample  10  is placed, a groove of the size of the sample  10  is included immediately above the gear mechanism  49 , and the sample  10  is placed in the groove to be fixed to the sample stage portion  48  after a washer  50  and the ring spring  31  being placed thereon. The reverse side entry portion  17  has a gear  51  that rotates around the axis at the tip thereof and the sample  10  fixed to the sample holder  6  can be rotated by meshing the gear  51  with the gear mechanism  49  provided on the undersurface of the sample stage portion  48  inside the sample chamber  12  and rotating the gear  51  provided in the reverse side entry portion  17 . Accordingly, if the crystal plane of the sample  10  is not aligned with a zone axis in the incident electron beam direction by performing biaxial leaning of the sample  10 , the sample  10  is first rotated and then, the gear  51  portion provided in the reverse side entry portion  17  is removed and leaned so as to be able to be aligned with the zone axis within the range of biaxial inclination angle. 
         [0053]      FIGS. 9( a ) and 9( b )  show an embodiment in which the reverse side entry portion  17  is provided with the atmosphere blocking portion  27  that can be removed.  FIG. 9( a )  is a configuration diagram and FIG,  9 ( b ) is a sectional view in a state in which the atmosphere blocking portion  27  is separated from the reverse side entry portion  17 . A portion that blocks the atmosphere of the sample  10  is fixed to the reverse side entry portion  17  by a screw  52  and the atmosphere blocking portion  27  and the reverse side entry portion  17  are separated by rotating the screw  52  counterclockwise using the external control  28 . When the reverse side entry portion  17  is taken out after the separation, a valve  53  mounted in the reverse side entry pre-evacuation chamber  18  is closed and the reverse side entry portion  17  is taken out of the device. The atmosphere blocking portion  27  having been separated can be removed from the device while being fixed to the sample holder  6  and the sample atmosphere being blocked. After being removed from the device, the sample  10  can be transported in the air while the atmosphere is blocked by transporting the atmosphere blocking portion  27  to another vacuum device or charged particle beam device and mounting the atmosphere blocking portion  27  on the reverse side entry portion  17  in the device. 
         [0054]      FIGS. 10( a ) to 10( c )  show another embodiment in which a sample cooling mechanism is included in the reverse side entry portion  17 .  FIG. 10( a )  is a configuration diagram,  FIG. 10( b )  is a sectional view, and  FIG. 10( c )  is a top view. The sample  10  is fixed to a sample support  54  having high thermal conductivity. The sample support  54  is pivot  56  fixed to a frame  55  of the sample holder  6  and heat insulated. A cooling portion  57  in contact with the sample support  54  and having high thermal conductivity is mounted on the reverse side entry portion  17  and is connected to a cooling medium  58  outside the sample chamber  12 . The cooling portion  57  includes a heater  59  and a thermocouple  60  for temperature measurement and is connected to a temperature controller  61  outside the sample chamber  12 . The thermocouple  60  measures the temperature of the cooling portion  57  and the measured temperature is displayed in a temperature display unit of the temperature controller  61 . The sample cooling temperature is adjusted by the heater  59 . If the sample holder  6  is taken out of the sample chamber  12  while the sample  10  is cooled, a problem of frost formed near the sample  10  and the holder  6  arises and thus, the sample  10  is taken out after the sample  10  being brought back to room temperature by the heater  59  in the sample chamber  12 . 
         [0055]    In the foregoing, in addition to various capabilities described, the reverse side entry portion according to an embodiment may be provided with a detection function to detect a signal. 
         [0056]    In the above embodiments, the reverse side entry portion inserted into the device can be removed and inserted regardless of various capabilities and thus, for example, the sample can be observed after plasma-cleaning the sample using Embodiment 6 and next, changes of the sample by applying a voltage can be observed using Embodiment 5 and then, a gas is injected and changes of the sample by applying a voltage in a gas atmosphere can be observed. When used for a device in which differential pumping mechanism is not enhanced, observations in any atmosphere can be made by further adding an atmosphere blocking mechanism with a cell membrane. 
       REFERENCE SIGNS LIST 
       [0000]    
       
           1  electron microscope 
           2  electron gun 
           3  condenser lens 
           4  objective lens 
           5  projector lens 
           6  sample holder for electron microscope 
           7  fluorescent screen 
           8  TV camera 
           9   a  image display unit 
           9   b  image recording unit 
           10  sample 
           11  aperture for differential pumping 
           12  electron microscope sample chamber 
           13  observation chamber 
           14  valve 
           15  vacuum pump 
           16  sample pre-evacuation chamber 
           17  reverse side entry portion 
           18  reverse side entry pre-evacuation chamber 
           19  voltage applying power source 
           20  incident electron beam 
           21  transmitted electron beam 
           22  sample contact portion 
           23   a  electrode 
           23   b  electrode 
           23   a ′ electrode 
           23   b ′ electrode 
           24   a  electrode 
           24   b  electrode 
           25  sample presser foot 
           26  gas injection nozzle 
           27  sample atmosphere blocking portion 
           28  external control 
           29  body shaft 
           30  O ring 
           31  ring spring 
           32  cell membrane 
           33  temperature-humidity sensor 
           34  micro vacuum gauge 
           35  temperature-humidity sensor controller 
           36  micro vacuum gauge controller 
           37  evacuation hole 
           38  needle valve 
           39   a  plasma electrode 
           39   b  plasma electrode 
           40  high frequency generating power source 
           41  ground 
           42  stress applying portion 
           43  sample presser foot 
           44  sample presser foot fixing screw 
           45  piezoelectric element 
           46  stress applying power source 
           47  biaxial leaning mechanism 
           48  sample stage portion 
           49  gear mechanism 
           50  washer 
           51  gear 
           52  atmosphere blocking portion fixing screw 
           53  valve 
           54  sample support 
           55  frame 
           56  pivot 
           57  cooling portion 
           58  cooling medium 
           59  heater 
           60  thermocouple 
           61  temperature controller