Abstract:
A mixture of molecules containing all of the following groups exhibit surface activity: isocyanurate, metal-substituted isocyanurate, and at least one group selected from the class consisting of a monovalent organic radical selected from the following: isocyanate (--NCO), urethane (--NHCO 2  R&#39;), urea (--NHCONHR&#39;), amino (--NH 2 , --NHR&#39;, or --NR 2  &#39;).

Description:
CROSS REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The following United States Patent applications relate to the general field of the present invention: 
     Ser. No. 715,199, filed Mar. 22, 1968 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 3,573,259; 
     Ser. No. 89,883, filed Nov. 16, 1970 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 3,684,011; 
     Ser. No. 72,388, filed Sept. 15, 1970 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 3,682,245; 
     Ser. No. 72,288, filed Sept. 15, 1970 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 3,695,356; 
     Ser. No. 157,236, filed June 28, 1971 issued as U.S. Pat. No. 5,766,086; 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to compositions-surface-active generally classified in the United States Patent Office in Class 252, subclasses -351 and -353 through -358. 
     Description of the Prior Art 
     A search in the United States Patent Office disclosed the following prior art; U.S. Pat. No. 3,072,654 teaches calcium di(dichloroisocyanurate) in bleaching and cleaning compositions; U.S. Pat. No. 3,272,813 complexes chloroisocyanurates with potassium to make bleaching compositions (see Col. 16, lines 63-70); and U.S. Pat. No. 3,489,696 forms polyimides from isocyanurates and polycarboxylic acids and mentions use of biuret triisocyanate at column 5, line 62. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     General Statement of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a new class of compounds which are useful as emulsifying agents, e.g., in forming dispersions and emulsions. These compounds are characterized by containing in a single molecule all of the following groups: ##STR1## and at least one group selected from the class consisting of: monovalenet organic radical selected from the following: urethane (--NHCO 2  R&#39;), urea (--NHCONHR&#39;), amino (--NH 2 , --NHR&#39; or --NR 2  &#39;). 
     The compounds of the present invention have the general structure shown in FIG. 1; 
     where: 
     R = divalent hydrocarbon or substituted hyrocarbon radical, as described below and ememplified in FIG. 2 
     X = a metal or quaternary ammonium (which for the purposes of this invention, acts like a metal), or a combination thereof. Particularly preferred are quaternaryammonium and metals selected from the following groups of the Periodic Table: Ia, Ib, IIa, IIb, IIIa, IIIb, IVa, IVb, Va, Vb, VIa; including such metals as Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Ca, Ag, Au, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Zn, Cd, Hg, B, Al, Sc, Y, La, and the other rare earths, Ac, Ga, Tn, Tl, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ge, Sn, Pb, V, Nb, Ta, Sb, Bi, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Fe, Ru, Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Os, and Ir. 
     A = a monovalent organic radical selected from the following: urethane (--NHCO 2  R&#39;), urea (--NHCONHR&#39;), amino (--NH 2 , --NHR&#39; or --NR 2 ) 
     R&#39; = monovalent hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocabon radical, as discussed below; 
      M = average number of trisubstituted isocyanurate rings and is a positive integer from 0 to about 400, and most preferably from 0 to about 200, 
      N = average number of isocyanurate salt groups and is a positive integer from 1 to about 10,000 more preferably from 1 to about 1,000, and most preferably from 2 to about 100, 
     2M+N+1 = average number of divalent R groups and is a positive integer from 2 to about 11,000, more preferably from 3 to about 1,100, and most preferably 4 to about 140, 
      M+2 = average number of A groups and is a positive integer from 2 to about 2,000, more preferably from 2 to about 400, and most preferably from 2 to about 200; 
     and wherein there are no N--to--N bonds, no A--to--N bonds, no A--to--A bonds, and no R--to--R bands. 
     R preferably contains 2 to 40, more preferably 2 to 30, and most preferably 2 to 18 carbon atoms. 
     R&#39; preferably contains 1 to 40 carbon atoms, more, preferably 1 to 20 carbon atoms, and most preferably 1 to 10 carbons, for example ##STR2## 
     R and/or R&#39; can be substituted with groups that do not interfere in the product&#39;s subsequent utility or in its preparation. Examples of such non-interfering groups are: --NO 2 , Cl, F, Br, I, CN, --CO 2  R&#34;, --CO--R&#34;, --O--r&#34;, -- SR&#34;, NR 2  &#34; --CONR 2  &#34;, --SO 3  R, --SO 2  --, --SO--, phenyl naphthyl, alkyl (1-40 carbon atoms), PO 3  R&#34;, cyclohexyl, cyclopropyl, polymethylene (e.g., tetramethylene, ##STR3## etc. where R&#34; may be hydrogen, lower alkyl (e.g., ethyl, hexyl), or aryl (e.g., monovalent radicals corresponding to the aryl radicals described in FIG. 2. The examples of R (shown in FIG. 2) are set forth for purposes of elucidation, not restriction. 
     It will be recognized that the values of M and N, described above are on the basis of the integers which will be used to describe a single molecule. In actual practice, the invention will involve mixtures of molecules of the general form described above. Thus, the average value for M for the mixture may be from about 1 to about 350, more preferably from about 1 to 200, and most preferably from about 1 to 100; the value of N may be from about 1 to 9,000, more preferably from 1 to 800, and most preferably from 1 to 100. 
     Utility of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a new class of emulsifying agents, their preparations, and processes for thier use. For example, the compounds of the present invention may be added to immisicible mixtures of water and organic compounds, e.g., equal parts by volume of water and a hydrocarbon and the resulting mixture agitated to form emulsions. This result is all the more suprising as many of the compounds are only very slightly soluble, in either phase. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows the general formula of the products of the present invention. 
     FIGS. 2 and 3 exemplify some of the possible structures of R groups of the starting materials and products of the present invention. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Starting Materials: The starting materials for the present invention are a metal cyanate and organic diisocyanate. 
     Temperature: While not narrowly critical, temperatures in the range from 10° to about 200° C. are preferred, with 15°-150° C. being more preferred and 20°-120° C. being most preferred. The lower limit is generally the freezing point of solution and the upper limit is generally the boiling point of the solution at the reaction pressure. 
     Pressure: While not narrowly critical, the reaction can be carried out at pressures of from 0.5 to 100, with 0.6 to 50 being more preferred, and 0.7 to 10 atmospheres being most preferred. 
     Time: The reaction time, of course, is dependent on the initial concentration of the starting materials and the temperature. The preferred time is from 0.01 to 4500 hours, more preferred 0.05 to 350 hours, and most preferred from 0.06 to 200 hours. 
     EXAMPLES: 
     EXAMPLE I 
     Preparation of Polyisocyanurate Salt 
     To a stirred slurry of 82.4 KOCN (1.02 mole) in 2000 ml of dimethylformamide (DMF) at 75° C. 183g of tolylene diisocyanate (1.05 mole) is added at a rate of 0.85 ml/min. by means of a syringe pump. 
     The entire operation is carried out in a nitrogen atmosphere. Following the addition, the reaction mixture is stirred an additional 10 minutes, the temperature lowered to 60° C., dry methanol added (large excess) and allowed to react for an additional hour to insure complete quenching. The major product is insoluble in DMF and thus readily separated by a single filtration. A trace DMF soluble prouduct is obtained after solvent stripping the filtrate. After vacuum drying at 80° C. to remove residual DMF and methanol, the following yield and analytical data are obtained: 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________           Aryl/end Group.sup.(2)                         Average Mol.Product   % Yield.sup.(1)           Ratio (2M + N + 1/M + 2)                         Wt. (Minimum)__________________________________________________________________________DMF insoluble.sup.(3)     87.0  14.5          8,000DMF soluble     12.0  1.5            750__________________________________________________________________________ .sup.(1) corrected for residual DMF .sup.(2) measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy .sup.(3) contains 20.9% DMF of solvation. 
    
     EXAMPLE II 
     Six gallons of anhydrous (less than about 200 ppm water) dimethylformamide (DMF) are charged to a 10-gallon, glass-lined reactor manufactured by the Pfaudler Company. Nine hundred and thirty-six grams (11.55 moles) of potassium cyanate (KOCN) hammermilled to pass through 325 mesh are added. The mixture is heated to 167°-170° F. (75° C.) while stirring to maintain good mixing. One thousand seven hundred and twenty-six milliliters (12.02 moles) of tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) manufactured by Mobay Chemical Company and designated &#34;Grade A 80/20 mixture&#34; is added to the reactor at a rate of approximately 13.5 milliliters per minute, requiring about 128 minutes total for the TDI addition. Ten minutes after addition of the TDI is completed, 3,000 milliliters of methanol is added to dilute the reaction mixture and stop the reaction. The temperature is then maintained at 165°-170°  F. 75° C.) with stirring for three additional hours. Thereafter, the reaction mixture is cooled to room temperature and filtered (centrifugation may be used instead). The solids are then dried at 175° F. (80° C.). 
     EXAMPLES III-VIII 
     The utility of the polyisocyanurate salt of Example I as an emulsifying agent is demonstrated in the Following manner. 
     To a graduate, is added 10 ml of n-heptane and 10 ml of water (deionized and distilled) containing from 20-0.5 weight percent of the polyisocyanurate salt described in Exammple II. Subsequent shaking provides a stable emulsion having the volume indicated in Table 1. 
     
                       Table 1______________________________________   Emulsion  Water   OilExample Phase     Phase   Phase Polyisocyanurate No.    (ml)      (ml)    (ml)  Salt Concentration______________________________________III     10.9      7.0     2.1   20%IV      11.1      7.7     1.2   10%V       4.4       9.2     6.4    5%VI      4.2       9.2     6.6    2%VII     2.7       8.7     8.6    1%VIII    0.8       10.2    9.0     0.5%______________________________________ 
    
     Modifications of the Invention 
     It should be understood that the invention is capable of a variety of modifications and variations which will be made apparent to those skilled in the art by a reading of the specification and which are to be included within the spirit of the claims appended hereto.