Abstract:
A digital image decoding apparatus wherein image coded in accordance with an image coding method adopting the discrete cosine transform (DCT) are decoded without generating blocking picture components. In the apparatus, a data decoder performs the inverted discrete cosine transform (IDCT) for the image data coded in accordance with the coding method adopting the DCT to decode original image data. A selective filter selectively filters the decoded image data from the data decoder, thereby eliminating the blocking picture components.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to a technique for decoding an image coded in accordance with an image coding method adopting the discrete cosine transform (DCT) standard, and more particularly to a digital image decoding apparatus and method that is adapted to suppress or reduce the discontinuity in image blocks, referred to as the blocking effect. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Data compression is required for handling large amounts of information resulting from the recent multimedia tendency in communication media. Accordingly, there have been developed various information compression techniques. The most typical example in these information compression techniques includes an image coding method proposed by the motion picture expert group (MPEG). This MPEG coding method codes image data to a type of bit stream and supplies the coded bit stream to storage media or communication media, thereby reducing a transfer rate of data, a band width of the communication media, a storage space of the storage media and so on. 
     In the MPEG coding method providing the above advantages, the DCT is used as a basic principle of information compression. This results from the DCT having a tendency of concentrating frequency characteristics irregularly distributed on the field into the low frequency region. Accordingly, the MPEG coding method performs an operation called “quantization”, in which the high frequency region is ignored after discrete cosine transforms, and thus is capable of reducing a loss of information to compress a picture efficiently. Further, in the MPEG coding method, the DCT is performed in a square block unit including a certain size of pixels, i.e., 8×8 pixels or 16×16 pixels, for one picture field. This DCT processing scheme acts as a factor that forces pixels in the boundaries of the square block to have discontinuous values in combination with the above-mentioned DCT characteristic of concentrating an information into the low frequency region. In other words, in the MPEG decoding method, there appears the discontinuity of image called “blocking effect” that makes a significant difference between values of pixels in the boundaries of a certain square block and those in the adjacent square blocks. 
     Image data compressed in accordance with the MPEG coding method adopting the DCT is decoded by means of a digital image decoding apparatus, as shown in FIG. 1, that includes a bit stream decoder  10 , a memory  12  and a display  14 . The bit stream decoder  10  performs the inverted quantization for a bit stream to derive high frequency components ignored upon coding and then performs the inverted discrete cosine transform (IDCT) of the inverted quantized data, thereby decoding the image data. The image data reconstructed by the bit stream decoder  10  pass through the memory  12  and is displayed on the display  14 . 
     However, square blocks divided into a constant size as shown in FIG. 2 appear in the picture displayed by the digital image decoding apparatus as described above. This is caused by a fact that picture information concentrated in a mutually different frequency in a constant size of square block unit by the DCT upon MPEG coding is not reconstructed into its original form. This discontinuity of picture, that is, the blocking effect deteriorates a visuality of user and gives rise to “artifacts” in the boundaries of square blocks, thereby causing the user to feel an eye strain. For these reasons, the digital image decoding apparatus requires a function of suppressing or reducing the discontinuity of image or the blocking effects. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide a digital image decoding apparatus and method that is capable of decoding the picture coded in accordance with the image coding method adopting the DCT standard. 
     In order to achieve the above and other objects of the invention, a digital image decoding apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention includes input means for receiving image data coded in accordance with a coding method adopting the discrete cosine transform (DCT), decoding means for performing the inverted discrete cosine transform (IDCT) for the coded image data from the input means to decode original image data, and filtering means for selectively filtering the decoded image data from the decoding means to eliminate blocking picture components. 
     A digital image decoding method according to another aspect of the present invention includes the steps of receiving image data coded in accordance with a coding method adopting the discrete cosine transform (DCT), performing the inverted discrete cosine transform (IDCT) for the coded image data to decode original image data, and selectively filtering the decoded image data to eliminate blocking picture components. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     These and other objects of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram showing a conventional digital image decoding apparatus; 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a state of a picture field in which MPEG image data are displayed by the digital image decoding apparatus shown in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram showing a digital image decoding apparatus with a blocking suppressing function according to an embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a detailed block diagram showing an embodiment of the selective filter in FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 5 is a detailed block diagram showing another embodiment of the selective filter in FIG. 3; and 
     FIG. 6 is a flow chart for explaining operation procedures of the selective filter in FIG.  3 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to FIG. 3, there is shown a digital image decoding apparatus with a function of suppressing the blocking effects according to an embodiment of the present invention. The digital image decoding apparatus includes a bit stream decoder  20  for receiving a bit stream, and a serial connection of a memory  22 , a selective filter  24  and a display with the bit stream decoder  20 . A bit stream inputted to the bit stream decoder  20  contains image data compressed by the MPEG coding apparatus including the DCT and quantization processing. The discontinuity of image resulting from picture components causing the advent of square blocks, hereinafter referred to as “blocking picture components”, exists in the image data decoded by means of the bit stream decoder  20 . The memory  22  temporarily stores the image data from the bit stream decoder  20 . The selective filter  24  connected between the memory  22  and the display  26  partially filters the image data to be transferred from the memory  22  into the display  26 , thereby eliminating the blocking picture components included in the image data. At this time, the selective filter  24  makes a low pass filtering of pixel data for pixels that are disposed on the boundary portions in a constant size of square blocks divided by the digital image decoding apparatus. The image data is filtered by the selective filter  24 , so that any square blocks do not appear in the picture displayed on the display  26 . 
     FIG. 4 shows in detail an embodiment of the selective filter  24  in FIG.  3 . Referring now to FIG. 4, the selective filter  24  includes a horizontal low pass filter (LPF)  30 , a vertical LPF  32 , and a selector  36  for receiving image data from a delay  34 . The horizontal LPF  30  makes a low pass filtering of the image data from the memory  22  of FIG. 3 in the horizontal axis to eliminate horizontal-axis discontinuous components included in the image data. The vertical LPF  32  makes a low pass filtering of the image data from the memory  22  of FIG. 3 in the vertical axis to eliminate vertical-axis discontinuous components included in the image data. The delay  34  delays the image data from the memory  22  of FIG. 3 by a propagation delay time of the horizontal LPF  30  or by a propagation delay time of the vertical LPF  32 . In other words, the delay  34  meets a timing between image data passing through the horizontal LPF  30  or the vertical LPF  32  and image data to be transferred from the memory  22  into the selector  36  otherwise. The selector  36  selects any one of image data from the horizontal LPF  30 , those from the vertical LPF  32  and those from the delay  34  to deliver the same to the display  26  in FIG.  26 . 
     Further, the selective filter  24  includes a selection controller  38  for controlling the selector  30 . The selection controller  38  detects boundary portions between the square blocks divided for the DCT using a pixel clock DCLK, a horizontal synchronous signal HS and a vertical synchronous signal VS. Specifically, the selection controller  38  detects vertical boundary sides using the horizontal synchronous signal HS and the pixel clock DCLK while detecting horizontal boundary sides using the horizontal and vertical synchronous signals HS and VS. Also, the selection controller  38  allows the selector  36  to select image data from the horizontal LPF  30  when the vertical boundary side is detected, to select image data from the vertical LPF  32  when the horizontal boundary side is detected, and to select image data from the delay  34  when neither the vertical side nor the horizontal side is not detected. Accordingly, any blocking components do not exist in the image data outputted from the selector  36  and, at the same time, a constant size of square blocks do not exist in the picture displayed on the display  26 . 
     FIG. 5 shows in detail another embodiment of the selective filter  24  in FIG.  4 . Referring to FIG. 5, the selective filter  24  includes a horizontal LPF  40 , a vertical LPF  42 , and a selector  46  for receiving image data from a delay  44 . The horizontal LPF  40  makes a low pass filtering of the image data from the memory  22  of FIG. 3 in the horizontal axis to eliminate horizontal-axis discontinuous components included in the image data. The vertical LPF  42  makes a low pass filtering of the image data from the memory  22  of FIG. 3 in the vertical axis to eliminate vertical-axis discontinuous components included in the image data. The delay  44  delays the image data from the memory  22  of FIG. 3 by a propagation delay time of the horizontal LPF  40  or by a propagation delay time of the vertical LPF  42 . In other words, the delay  44  meets a timing between image data passing through the horizontal LPF  40  or the vertical LPF  42  and image data to be transferred from the memory  22  into the selector  46  otherwise. The selector  46  selects any one of image data from the horizontal LPF  40 , those from the vertical LPF  42  and those from the delay  44  to deliver the same to the display  26  in FIG.  26 . 
     Further, the selective filter  24  includes first- and second-order detectors  48  and  50  for commonly receiving image data from the memory  22  of FIG.  3 . The first-order detector  48  checks if pixel values to be displayed on two pixels adjacent in the horizontal axis in the image data have a difference to some extent, thereby detecting a vertical boundary side between the square blocks. In other words, the first-order detector  48  determines a detection of the vertical boundary side when two pixel values adjacent in the horizontal axis have a difference greater than a predetermined range. In this case, the first-order detector  48  applies a specific logic, e.g., high logic, of first selection control signal to the selector  46 , thereby allowing the selector to select image data from the horizontal LPF  40 . The second-order detector  50  checks if pixel values to be displayed on two pixels adjacent in the vertical axis in the image data are same, thereby detecting a horizontal boundary side between the square blocks. In other words, the second-order detector  50  determines a detection of the horizontal boundary side when two pixel values adjacent in the vertical axis have a difference greater than a predetermined range. In this case, the second-order detector  50  applies a specific logic, e.g., high logic, of second selection control signal to the selector  46 , thereby allowing the selector  46  to select image data from the vertical LPF  42 . Otherwise, when either of the first and second selection control signals generated at the first- and second-order detectors  48  and  50 , respectively, have not a specific logic, the selector  46  selects image data from the delay  44 . The selector  46  is controlled by means of the first- and second-order detectors  48  and  50 , so that any blocking components do not exists in the image data outputted from the selector  46  and, at the same time, a constant size of square blocks do not exists in the picture displayed on the display  26 . 
     FIG. 6 illustrates in detail the operational procedure for selectively filtering image data from the memory  22  using the selective filter  24  in FIG.  3 . 
     Referring now to FIG. 6, the selective filter  24  determines whether or not pixel data to be displayed on the vertical boundary sides between the square blocks have been received, or whether or not pixel data to be displayed on the horizontal boundary sides between the square blocks have been received in steps  60  and  62 . 
     Then, in step  64 , if pixel data to be displayed on the vertical boundary sides have received in step  60 , then the selective filter  24  calculates the first and second horizontal substitution data FPH n−1  and SPH n−1  with respect to pixel data PH n−1  inputted prior to the current pixel data by the following formulas: 
     
       
         FPH n−1 =ω 1 ×PH n−1   (1) 
       
     
     
       
         SPH n−1 =ω 2 ×PH n−1   (2) 
       
     
     Subsequently, in step  66 , the selective filter  24  calculates the first and second horizontal substitution data FPH n  and SPH n  with respect to the current pixel data PH n  by the following formulas: 
     
       
         FPH n =ω 1 ×PH n   (3) 
       
     
     
       
         SPH n =ω 2 ×PH n   (4) 
       
     
     Consequently, in step  68 , the selective filter  24  adds the first horizontal substitution data FPH n−1  and FPH n  for the previous and current pixel data PH n−1  and PH n , respectively, to generate a corrected previous pixel data CPH n−1 , and adds the second horizontal substitution data SPH n−1  and SPH n  for the previous and current pixel data PH n−1  and PH n  respectively, to generate a corrected current pixel data CPH n . The corrected previous pixel data CPH n−1  and the corrected current pixel data CPH n  produced in the above manner are supplied to the display  26  in place of the previous and current pixel data PH n−1  and PH n . These corrected previous and current pixel data CPH n−1  and CPH n  allow a picture in the boundary side between the left and right adjacent square blocks, that is, in the vertical boundary side to change continuously, thereby eliminating vertical-side blocking picture components contained in the image data. 
     On the other hand, in step  70 , if pixel data to be displayed on the horizontal boundary sides have received in step  62 , then the selective filter  24  calculates the first and second vertical substitution data FPV n−1  and SPV n−1  with respect to previous line pixel data PV n−1  inputted one line before the current line pixel data by the following formulas: 
     
       
         FPV n−1 =ω 1 ×PV n−1   (5) 
       
     
     
       
         SPV n−1 =ω 2 ×PV n−1   (6) 
       
     
     Subsequently, in step  72 , the selective filter  24  calculates the first and second vertical substitution data FPV n  and SPV n  with respect to the current line pixel data PV n  by the following formulas: 
     
       
         FPV n =ω 1 ×PV n   (7) 
       
     
      SPH n =ω 2 ×PV n   (8) 
     Consequently, in step  74 , the selective filter  24  adds the first vertical substitution data FPV n−1  and FPV n  for the previous and current line pixel data PV n−1  and PV n , respectively, to generate a corrected previous line pixel data CPV n−1 , and adds the second vertical substitution data SPV n−1  and SPV n  for the previous and current line pixel data PV n−1  and PV n , respectively, to generate a corrected current line pixel data CPV n . The corrected previous line pixel data CPV n−1  and the corrected current line pixel data CPV n  produced in the above manner are supplied to the display  26  in place of the previous and current line pixel data PV n−1  and PV n . These corrected previous and current line pixel data CPV n−1  and CPV n  allow a picture in the boundary side between the up and down adjacent square blocks, that is, in the horizontal boundary side to change continuously, thereby eliminating horizontal-side blocking picture components contained in the image data. 
     As described above, in a digital image decoding apparatus having a function of suppressing the blocking effects according to the present invention, pixel data to be displayed on the boundary sides of the square blocks divided for the DCT are corrected to suppress or reduce the blocking picture components contained in the decoded image data. Accordingly, the digital image decoding apparatus according to the present invention is capable of reconstructing and displaying the image data compressed by the coding method employing the DCT standard without occurring any blocking effects. 
     Although the present invention has been explained by the embodiments shown in the drawings described above, it should be understood to the ordinary skilled person in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but rather that various changes or modifications thereof are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of the invention shall be determined only by the appended claims and their equivalents.