Abstract:
A part-processing machine having, in series, consecutive parts on a belt ( 2 ) moving same along a main conveying line. Selectively identified non-compliant parts are removed from the conveying line, into a transfer device ( 1 ) by pickup tools ( 8 ) supported on the periphery of a rotating drum ( 6 ) mounted transversely to the conveying line and arranged to rotate about itself so as to pass over the belt, enabling the non-compliant parts to be picked up by the pickup tools and released once the parts have been transported away from the conveying line. The pickup tools have pneumatic gripping heads, more particularly for example suction cups. The pneumatic gripping heads are depressurized relative to the surrounding air by a low-pressure chamber provided inside the drum, to which each head is connected by a tube inside a tool support arm.

Description:
This application is a National Stage Application of PCT/IB2015/001663, filed 22 Sep. 2015, which claims benefit of French Patent Application No. FR 14/02101, filed 19 Sep. 2014 and which applications are incorporated herein by reference. To the extent appropriate, a claim of priority is made to each of the above disclosed applications. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention consists in an installation for processing moving parts of the type including a sorting station adapted to transfer individually identified parts from a set of parts moving as a series of successive parts by picking them up selectively in a collecting space to transfer them into a receiving space. It more particularly concerns the conditions encountered for example in industrial installations in the agrifoods field when the parts to be sorted are organized into lines and rows of successive parts and are fragile or otherwise delicate to manipulate, for whatever reason. This is not the only difficulty to be overcome. Most of the time the parts to be processed are small and very numerous and it must be possible to process them with a high throughput in the sorting station, the objective of sorting being for example to separate the parts as a function of a quality of conformance or non-conformance with defined prescriptions by orienting them in two different channels. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In applications for processing poultry eggs, previous patents of the Applicant provide for the use of a matrix of transverse tools to pick up eggs to be removed in a moving egg rack and depositing them outside the main line of movement, which is reserved for eggs termed standard. Other devices applying to the processing of eggs are the subject matter of the documents JP 2003 071388 and WO 00/54579. In the first of those documents, eggs deemed non-standard for the intended subsequent use are eliminated from the production line between two conveyor belt units. In the second, an egg transfer device is described consisting of a matrix of suction cups that move to-and-fro between two egg racks, picking up eggs in a first of the racks and depositing them in the other one. Each suction cup is controlled to move between two positions and to pick up an egg in one of these positions and to release it in the other one. Installations of this kind involve costly mechanisms and apparatus that are complex in terms of their structure as much as their operation. They can even less lend themselves to high throughputs in that they are incompatible with processing of parts in series moving continuously relative to the matrix of suction cups. 
     This is why, in arriving at the present invention, rotary drum type transport devices were selected. In fact drum devices of this kind are already known in entirely different fields, as notably described in the patent document U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,993 or possibly in the documents WO 2004/078623 and WO 1988/05416 for transporting objects from one place to another by moving them individually by means of holding tools carried by a rotary drum driven to rotate upon itself. 
     However, these heavy and costly devices are in no way able to address the targeted objectives in the field of the invention. The latter draws its inspiration from the principle of a rotary drum the periphery of which is driven to travel over a collecting surface on which the parts to be picked up are located to arrive at an original and efficient solution respecting the requirements for a high throughput of small parts to be processed in large numbers as well as the desirable precautions for picking up fragile parts, including operating safety. From this latter point of view it is to be noted for example that in the case of installations for sorting poultry eggs as a function of the results of visual inspection operations, each egg picked up on a main conveyor line must be able to be picked up without risk of it breaking and to be transported away from the conveyor line without running the risk of being released above it, because that would lead to the destruction of many surrounding eggs and necessitate stopping of the production line. 
     With the above objectives in mind, the present invention consists in an installation for processing parts presenting as series of successive parts on a belt driving them in movement along a main conveyor line that includes, in a station for extraction of selectively identified parts termed non-standard, a device for transferring identified non-standard parts including a rotary drum that is adapted to extract them from the conveyor line, to transport them away from said conveyor line and to release them by depositing them away from the conveyor belt. 
     These operations are effected by the action of pick-up tools carried at the periphery of a rotary drum mounted transversely to the conveyor line and adapted to rotate upon itself to sweep the belt to enable non-standard parts to be picked up by said pick-up tools and to release them once transported away from the conveyor line. The pick-up tools are of the type with a pneumatic holding head, notably suction cups, for example. The latter are depressurized relative to the surrounding air by means of a low-pressure chamber inside the drum to which each of them is connected by an internal duct an arm carrying the tool that is equipped with an automatic valve to open or to close the pneumatic circuit passing through this duct. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The invention will now be described more completely in relation to preferred features and their advantages with reference to  FIGS. 1 to 6 , in which: 
         FIG. 1  shows a rotary drum transfer device operating above a belt conveying racks filled with eggs; 
         FIGS. 2 and 3  are perspective views of the egg pick-up tools of the device from  FIG. 1 , respectively assembled and exploded; 
         FIGS. 4 and 5  are sectional side views showing one of the pick-up tools and the egg to be picked up in two distinct positions of disengagement and engagement; 
         FIGS. 6 to 9  illustrate steps of picking up and releasing eggs during the operation of the transfer device transporting them away from the conveyor belt. 
     
    
    
     To illustrate the invention best in terms of its inherent features, their structure and their operation in relation to one another, there is therefore considered a particular embodiment of the invention according to which the installation for processing moving parts is an installation for processing poultry eggs through which eggs to be processed pass along a conveyor line with each of them disposed in a transport rack cell. 
     In each rack each of the eggs is received in one of the cells of a rack and the various racks are driven one after the other on the conveyor line so that the eggs present arranged in series of parallel columns. 
     The eggs therefore pass through the installation in continuous movement but at a speed that is not necessarily constant through a station for extracting parts previously identified as non-standard in relation to the prescriptions set for the parts continuing their travel on the conveyor line. In the situation considered where the parts are eggs, the non-standard parts will have been identified as such in a visual inspection station preceding the extraction station. 
     According to the invention this station for extracting eggs identified as non-standard includes a rotary drum transfer device that is designed and adapted to pick up each non-standard egg individually by means of a pick-up tool with a pneumatic holding head and to move it away from the conveyor line. 
     To be more precise, in the selected embodiment of the invention each egg-holding head in question is a suction cup situated at the end of a carrier arm of tubular shape in which there is a duct for depressurizing the suction cup. 
     The various suction cups are situated at the periphery of the drum. They are fixed by their carrier arm around a cylinder that the drum includes. It is this cylinder which, when the installation is operating, is driven to rotate upon itself about an axis oriented transversely to the conveyor line. To be more specific, in the simplest possible terms the mounting axis is oriented perpendicularly to the conveyor line, which is assumed to be longitudinally rectilinear. 
     The rotating cylinder, often referred to as the roller hereinafter, constitutes with the arms carrying the suction cups what will often and with reference to the figures be termed means for supporting the various suction cups. 
     According to the invention, each arm carrying a suction cup is equipped with a valve shown here as a slide valve that is remote-controlled to open or close the communication between the internal duct of the corresponding suction cup carrier arm and a low-pressure chamber inside the drum, and therefore in practice inside the cylinder that is driven in rotation. For convenience of assembly this is an annular chamber forming a fixed enclosure around the shaft supporting the rotary assembly. 
     When the valve is closed, the suction cup communicates with the surrounding air via an orifice in the wall of the duct inside the arm on the outside of the rotating cylinder. The command to open the valve moves a plug to free an opening or orifice for communication with the low-pressure chamber inside the roller. The suction cup is therefore depressurized and closes onto the facing egg. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In the context of the application described and shown in the figures, each suction cup that has picked up a non-standard egg to extract it from the conveyor line must be released from it away from that line before returning as the drum rotates to a position above the conveyor belt. 
     In the installation when operating, each egg taken away by the rotary drum transfer device will be deposited in a bin for receiving rejects or in a receiving belt driving it toward a secondary conveyor line when the carrier arm of the corresponding suction cup is facing that bin or belt in a different position of the drum, after the drum has completed a portion of its rotation cycle before it comes back above the conveyor line. 
     The device for transferring non-standard eggs that picks them up from the conveyor belt  2  driven along the main conveyor line is represented at  1  in  FIG. 1 . It is disposed in the egg extraction station above the belt  2 , which has a plane of movement of the eggs and a longitudinal axis of advance of the eggs on the conveyor line, the latter passing under the whole of the rotary drum. The bin that is to collect the eggs extracted from the belt  2  moving the standard eggs is illustrated by receiving means  4  situated above the main belt at a level that is nevertheless lower than the high level reached by the suction cups as the drum rotates. These receiving means are disposed so as to be within range of the suction cups when they go to a particular position of releasing the eggs during the rotation of the rotary drum but do not pass under the drum. If there is no fixed reject bin for non-standard eggs, it may be replaced by egg racks collecting the non-standard eggs on a secondary conveyor line, the receiving means  4  then being a conveyor belt moving perpendicularly to the belt  2  alongside the rotary drum. 
       FIG. 1  of the appended drawings in conjunction with  FIGS. 6 and 7  shows the means  6  supporting the suction cup pick-up tools  8  and drive means  10  for driving these support means in rotation and a control module  12  for controlling the rotation of the support means synchronously with the movement of the eggs on the main belt. 
     The means supporting the pick-up tools consists in a roller  14  of annular section delimited radially by two coaxial cylinders and longitudinally by plates inside the end walls  18  that hermetically seal the pressure chamber between the two cylinders. The shaft carrying the roller may be mounted relative to the walls  18  in oblong openings to allow its position to be adjusted after mounting it to a level nearer or farther away from the belt  2  in agreement with the movement of the suction cups into a holding position relative to the level of the moving eggs. 
     The roller  14  is mounted to rotate about a hollow shaft  22  ( FIG. 1 ) that for its part is fixed relative to the conveyor belt. The roller extends axially along the shaft so that the ends of the shaft project on either side from the axial ends of the roller. The shaft and the corresponding roller are positioned on the one hand parallel to the plane of movement of the parts and on the other hand perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis along which those parts advance. 
     The pressure chamber formed inside the roller  14  and extending as far as the internal cylinder  16  around the hollow shaft  22  is depressurized by a vacuum pump. A pipe, not visible here, connects the interior of the roller and the vacuum pump and because the roller is driven in rotation this pipe passes through the center of one of the end walls  18  and extends inside the shaft. Rotary seals are provided around the pipe where it passes through the end wall in order to seal the roller and to preserve the low pressure therein. 
     The pick-up tools around the roller occupy all of the periphery of the drum. Their dimensions and their distribution (distribution diameter, angle between two rows of tools, distance between two tools of the same row) are adjusted as a function of the geometry of the egg racks and their cells for receiving eggs. 
     The suction cup  30  at the end of each pick-up tool  8  is mounted at the end of a carrier arm forming a hollow intermediate part  32  that is fixed to the roller  14  through openings  20  provided its external cylinder for this purpose. Each suction cup has a pick-up free end  34  the shape of which may be adapted to the type of parts to be picked up. In the case shown of an installation for visual inspection of eggs, the free end of the suction cup is substantially annular. The inside of the suction cup is open in communication with the internal duct of the intermediate part  32  on the pneumatic circuit connecting it to the vacuum chamber inside the rotary roller. 
     The intermediate part constituting the carrier arm of each pick-up tool forms two portions situated on either side of the external cylinder of the roller, an internal adjustment portion  36  in the annular space between the two cylinders and an external portion  38  for supporting the suction cup outside the roller, and these two portions of the intermediate part are adapted in one position to block the communication between the depressurized interior of the roller  14  and the suction cup  30  and in another position to allow that communication. 
     The support portion  38  makes it possible to fix the suction cup  30  that is open at its bottom  40  and the adjustment portion  36  one against the other. This support portion, which in the figures has a hexagonal nut exterior shape, includes a transverse venting orifice  42 . 
     The adjustment portion  36  includes a hollow tube  44  fastened to the suction cup  30  at a first end and a plug  46  mounted around the second end of the tube and free to move along the tube. The plug  46  is mobile in translation between a disengaged position (visible in  FIG. 3 ) in which the corresponding suction cup is able to release an egg that has been picked up and removed from the conveyor belt or unable to pick up one of them on that belt and an engagement position (visible in  FIG. 4 ) in which the corresponding suction cup is able to pick it up on the belt and to hold onto it while it is transferred to the position at which it will be deposited in the bin  4  on the belt receiving non-standard eggs. 
     The tube  44  is fixed relative to the support portion  38 . It includes a transverse orifice  48  brought to face the transverse venting orifice  42  of the support portion. As a result, a flow of external air penetrates continuously to the interior of the suction cup, even when the pick-up free end  34  of the suction cup is in contact with an egg. 
     The tube  44  and the mobile plug  46  each include a lateral orifice  50  and  52 . The plug is mobile between two extreme positions, a first extreme position allowing the superposition of the lateral orifices whereas the second extreme position plugs the lateral orifice  50  of the tube. 
     The first position is defined as an engagement position, the mobile plug then being able to move toward the suction cup, i.e. to be pushed against the internal face of the lateral wall of the roller. Communication is then established between the suction cup and the interior of the depressurized roller, which makes it possible to pick up an egg by suction when in contact with the pick-up free end of the suction cup. 
     The venting orifice  42  has a minimum diameter, in any event one that is clearly less than the diameter of the lateral orifices of the tube  44  and the plug  46  adapted to be superposed. The small hole consisting of the orifice  42  allows the surrounding air to pass through it to penetrate into the suction cup at all times but when the plug is in the engagement position the flow of air aspirated by the vacuum pump is much greater than the flow of air through this small hole and provides sufficient depressurization in the suction cup to suck up the egg. 
     In the engagement position communication is established between the suction cup and the depressurized roller via the intermediate part whereas in the disengagement position the adjustment portion does not communicate with the interior of the roller. This is reflected inside the roller by the fact that in the engagement position the mobile plug of the adjustment portion is situated in the vicinity of the wall of the roller whereas in the disengagement position the mobile plug of the adjustment portion is situated at a distance from the wall of the roller. 
     In each pick-up tool, the pierced tube of the arm carrying the suction cup constitutes with its plug a slide valve on the pneumatic circuit between the vacuum pump inside the drum and the suction cup of the tool. These various valves for opening and closing the duct feeding the various suction cups are under the control of cylinders the piston rods of which pass through the hollow shaft and the body of which is situated in the space  24  inside the shaft, at the center of the roller. One of these two cylinders is represented by its piston rod  26  in  FIGS. 6 to 9 . 
     As can be seen in  FIGS. 6 to 9 , cam means  28  extend inside the roller between the lateral wall and the central shaft. The cam is mounted in a fixed spatial position independent of the rotary equipment of the drum, advantageously by fixing it to one of the end walls  18 . The function of this cam is to force the pick-up tools to assume a disengagement position when they encounter the cam as the roller rotates. The cam is disposed so as to force the support portions into the disengagement position when the roller is in a given angular position, corresponding here to three quarters of a turn after the position in which the same tool is in place to pick up the egg on the belt  2  that is facing it, if necessary. 
     To this end, the plug  46  includes a flange  54  that extends radially outward the end of the plug facing away from the suction cup. This flange includes a boss  56  adapted to cooperate with the shape of the cam  28 . Note that the cam includes a ramp of which one end  58  ( FIG. 9 ), termed the initial end or leading face, extends at a distance from the lateral wall that is substantially equal to the distance to which the boss of the same wall extends when the plug is in the engagement position and the other end  60  of which, termed the final end, extends at a distance from the lateral wall and is substantially equal to the distance to which the boss of the same wall extends when the plug is in the disengagement position. Clearly the complementary shapes of the plug and the portion supporting the arms carrying the suction cups make it possible to move the plug of the intermediate part into the disengagement position when it encounters the fixed cam on the passage of each of the plugs as the roller rotates. Clearly if a plug in the disengagement position comes to face the cam, this has no effect on the position of the plug, which remains in the disengagement position. 
     The means just described individually control each valve for automatically establishing communication of a suction cup with the vacuum space during each cycle of rotation of the drum in a manner that is simple, of relatively low cost and particularly reliable in its operation. In other applications of the invention, remote control of the cylinders each pushing on the corresponding plug  46  against a spring urging it toward its retracted position might be preferred. 
     By way of example, and employing the references shown in  FIG. 1 , if it is required to remove the second egg from the fourth row O 1  and the fourth egg from the fifth row O 2  when, as the drum rotates, a first row of suction cups comes into a position vertically below the roller (i.e. the position visible in  FIG. 6 ) at the same time as the fourth row of eggs in the rack passes vertically under the roller, the second cylinder of the row of cylinders pushes the mobile plug associated with the second suction cup of the activated row under the roller. The egg picked up by the resulting depressurization effect and therefore constrained to rotate with the roller is disengaged by rotating the rack, and it should be noted that the direction of rotation of the roller is chosen so as not to impede the movement of the parts and therefore to allow unencumbered disengagement of the egg that has been picked up. The control module controls the rotation of the roller so that the next row of suction cups assumes the active position under the roller at the moment the fifth row of eggs in the rack passes under the roller, where only the fourth cylinder of the row is activated to pick up the egg previously identified as being non-standard. 
     Clearly the pitch between the rows of suction cups could advantageously be made the same as the pitch between the rows of the rack so that for all the racks the rotation speed and the speed of movement do not change during the picking up process. The speed of rotation of the roller might be modified to adapt to the arrival of a new rack and become constant again if the pitch between the rows of the new rack is the same as before. However, if the pitch between the rows of suction cups is not the same as the pitch between the rows of the rack, it will suffice for the control module to adapt the speed between picking up operations to move a row of suction cups into the active position under the roller synchronously with the passage of a row of a rack under the roller. Depending on the distance the rack still has to travel to reach the roller, the roller is accelerated or slowed for a time that is calculated automatically so that the first row of eggs is correctly aligned relative to a row of suction cups on the roller. 
     In all cases, the eggs picked up continue to rotate, attached to the roller, because of the suction effect of depressurizing the suction cup, as can be seen in  FIGS. 8 and 9 . At the end of substantially one half-rotation, the row of arms carrying the suction cups reaches the cam  28  fixedly disposed over the passage of the cylinders controlling the pick-up tools. The adjustment portions with their plug in the engagement position (as can be seen in  FIG. 8 ) come into contact with the initial end of the ramp formed on the cam whereas the adjustment portions with their plug in the disengagement position, i.e. farther from the lateral wall of the roller, escape this contact and remain in the disengagement position. Continuing rotation by virtue of the effect of the contact between the cam and the boss of the mobile plug moves this plug away from the lateral wall of the roller into a disengagement position (which can be seen in  FIG. 9 ) in which the lateral orifices of the tube and the mobile plug are no longer superposed. As a result, the venting effect is not counteracted by the greater effect of the depressurization and this terminates the suction of the egg by the suction cup. The egg is then deposited on the receiving means  4 . Clearly the rotation angle before the egg is released depends on the position of the cam, but it would be desirable for that angle to be substantially greater than 180 degrees to release the egg as it moves downward and to disengage it from the suction cup by gravity when it is over the receiving means.