Abstract:
A connecting arrangement for a rotationally fixed connection of components in the drive train of a motor vehicle, comprising a shaft journal and a hub of an articulation, which has a central opening for receiving the shaft journal, wherein the shaft journal can be axially fixed in the hub, for example by a retaining ring. The invention further relates to an articulated shaft comprising such a connecting arrangement.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a U.S. National Phase Application pursuant to 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/DE2008/001207 filed Jul. 25, 2008, which claims priority to German Patent Application No. 10 2007 035 470.5 filed on Jul. 26, 2007. The entire disclosure contents of these applications are herewith incorporated by reference into the present application. 
     FIELD OF INVENTION 
     The invention concerns a connecting arrangement for the rotationally fixed connection of components in the drive train of a vehicle with a first component that is provided, at least in sections, with an essentially cylindrical outer surface with first torque transmission means, and a second component that is provided, at least in sections, with an essentially cylindrical inner surface with second torque transmission means for receiving the cylindrical outer surface of the first component, whereby the first and/or the second component is a component of an articulated joint that can be moved in axial direction and/or permits bending, and with a connection means that can be snapped in for axial fixation of the two components at each other. Further, the invention concerns an articulated shaft with such a connecting arrangement. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Articulated shafts of this type that are used in connecting arrangements of motor vehicles are frequently designed so that the first component is a shaft or a shaft journal in the power train of a vehicle, while the second component is designed as a hub of an articulation that is provided with a central opening. In the installation of the articulated shaft, the connecting device is locked, in order to either connect components of the articulated shaft with each other or to fixate the articulated shaft, for example, at a shaft journal on the transmission side or on the differential side. As the transmission of power of the drive train of the vehicle takes place, among other things, via this connecting arrangement, it is necessary to ensure that the connecting device of the connecting arrangement does not release itself from its locked position. 
     Beyond that, it is desirable during installation when an optical determination can be made from the outside whether the connection device is properly snapped in. 
     Otherwise, the connecting arrangement could release itself during operation so that the torque transmission between the components would be interrupted. 
     It is therefore the problem of the present invention to provide a connecting arrangement, as well as an articulated shaft of the type mentioned at the beginning, in which a secure axial fixation of the two components to each other is made possible. 
     SUMMARY 
     This problem is solved in accordance with the invention essentially thereby, that the connecting arrangement, in addition to the lockable connection device, is provided with a safety device for retaining the connecting device in its locked position. This additional safety device thereby prevents on the one hand, that the lockable connecting device can unintentionally release itself from its snapped in position during operation, and simultaneously permits a control as to whether the lockable connecting device has reached its proper snapped in position. In accordance with the invention, this can be achieved thereby, that the additional safety device can be activated only when the connection device is in its snapped in position. The activation of the additional safety device thus indicates during installation already, that the—most often not visible from the outside—lockable connecting device for axial fixation of the two components, is reliably snapped in. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the connecting device is provided with a safety ring, which can be inserted into slots dedicated to each other in the outer surface and the inner surface to connect the two components. Such a safety ring makes the production of a reliable, lockable connecting device possible in a particularly easy way. 
     A particularly reliable connection of the two components, as well as in order to make a defined failure-free ability to disassemble possible, in the further development of the inventive idea, the connecting device is provided with a safety ring made of elastic material, particularly spring steel with a, for example, radially extending groove, whereby the safety ring has a profile with an essentially rectangular cross section and at least one edge of the profile is provided with a defined chamfer for assembly and/or disassembly of the safety ring. A chamfer of this type at an edge of the profile of the safety ring can thereby come in contact with an edge or the like of a slot in an axial motion of the components that are connected with each other by the safety ring, so that the safety ring can be pressed radially toward the inside or the outside. Thus, the danger that the safety ring dislocates uncontrolled in a position in which the connection can no longer be released non-destructively, is minimized. 
     Thereby, it is preferred when the at least one defined chamfer is provided at one of the two radial outer edges of the safety ring. Hereby, at least a defined assembly or disassembly of the safety ring is possible. However, it is especially preferred when defined chamfers are provided at both radial outer edges of the safety ring, so that the assembly as well as the disassembly of the safety ring is made possible by means of defined forces. Thereby, the defined chamfer can extend sloped at an angle of, for example, 15° to 35° with respect to the radial lateral surface of the safety ring. 
     The additional safety device in accordance with the invention can, according to an embodiment of the invention, have an additional safety slot on the outer surface of the first component, a second safety slot provided on the outer surface of the second component, as well as a clamp and/or sleeve, that is provided with two safety protrusions that can be inserted into the first or second safety slot. The two safety protrusions and the two safety slots are thereby formed and located in such a way that the safety protrusions can engage with the safety slots only then, when the connecting device is in its snapped in position. The activation of the additional safety device by engaging the safety protrusions in the safety slots is consequently an optically controllable indication that the connecting device is properly snapped in. 
     Alternative to the provision of two safety slots at components that are to be connected with each other and two safety protrusions at the safety device, it is conversely also possible to provide safety protrusions at the two components and safety slots at a clamp and/or sleeve of the safety device. 
     According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the clamp and/or sleeve is essentially U-shaped and designed so that it can be mounted on each of the two components. This way, the clamp and/or sleeve can, for example, be designed as a ring that can be mounted on the first component that is provided with a connecting section bearing on the first component, for example, a cylindrical section first section, an attached connecting section radially extending away from the first component and a second section overlapping the second component that is parallel to the first section. The safety protrusions can thereby be respectively provided at the end opposite to the connecting section of the first or second section. In other words, the second component can be inserted into a ring space of the clamp or sleeve between the two sections, whereby the second safety protrusion at the second section can snap into a corresponding slot on the outside of the second component. This allows an additional optic control for determining whether the safety device and thus the snappable connecting device is properly fixated. 
     Alternatively, it is also possible to design the clamp and/or sleeve of the safety device in such a way that it is not mountable in axial direction, but can be mounted on both components in radial direction. The safety protrusions can then be fixated in safety slots that are located next to each other in the first or second component. 
     A particularly preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the clamp and/or sleeve is designed as a locking sleeve that can be snapped unlockably into a first locking position with one of the safety protrusions into one of the two safety slots, and in a second locking position—respectively with both safety protrusions—can be snapped respectively into one of the two safety slots. The first locking position thereby makes the fixing of the safety device at one of the two components possible for the assembly, whereby the actual locking only takes place in the second snapping position. 
     In a further development of this inventive idea it is preferred, when in the first snapping position prior to the snapping in of the connecting device, an axial relative motion can take place between the first and the second component. 
     The additional safety device can, according to an additional embodiment of the invention, be provided with an elastic element, which is dedicated to one of the two components in such a way that the elastic element pushes this component into the locked position of the connecting device. The elastic element can thereby, for example, be designed as a compression spring or a disk spring packet. It is possible hereby, that the additional safety device always exerts a force onto the two components that are to be connected with each other during operation in such a way that these are retained in their snapped in position of the connecting device. This can also make the assembly of the connecting arrangement easier. 
     The problem of the present invention is further solved by an articulated shaft for a drive train of a vehicle with at least one connecting arrangement of the type mentioned above, whereby the first component is a shaft or a shaft journal and the second component is a hub of an articulated shaft that is provided with a central opening, particularly an interior hub. 
     In a further development of this inventive idea it is provided that the articulated shaft is provided with two articulated shafts that are connected rotationally fixed with each other by a constant velocity fixed articulated shaft that is designed as middle shaft, whereby respectively a constant velocity fixed articulated shaft is located at the respective end facing away from the middle shaft of each articulated section. Further, the articulated shaft is provided with at least one roller displacement unit preferably close to the middle shaft, that is provided with a profile sleeve on the inner surfaces of which, at least in sections, outer tracks are provided, a journal that is displaceable in a profile sleeve in axial direction on the outer surface of which at least in sections, interior tracks are provided, and has balls that are located respectively pair-wise in outer tracks and inner tracks that are dedicated to each other. 
     When the articulated shaft is provided with a roller displacement unit it is preferred when between the journal of the roller displacement unit and the profile sleeve, a compression spring is provided as additional safety device for retaining the connection device of the connecting arrangement in its locked position. For this reason, the additional safety device that is designed as compression spring does not need to be provided directly on one of the two components of the connecting arrangement. 
     In the following, the invention is explained in more detail in conjunction with examples of embodiments and by referring to the drawing. Thereby, all described and/or pictorially illustrated characteristics by themselves or in any combination are the subject matter of the invention, independent of their summary in the claims or their reference. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
       Schematically shown are: 
         FIG. 1  a safety ring for a connecting arrangement according to a first embodiment of the invention, 
         FIG. 2  a connecting arrangement according to a first embodiment of the invention, 
         FIG. 3  enlarged, a detail of the connecting arrangement according to  FIG. 2 , 
         FIG. 4  a lateral view of the safety device of the connecting arrangement according to  FIG. 2 , 
         FIG. 5  a connecting arrangement according to a second embodiment of the invention, and 
         FIG. 6  a safety device according to a third embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In  FIG. 2 , a connecting arrangement in accordance with the invention is shown, in which a shaft journal  4  on the transmission side is connected to a ball joint  5  by a safety ring  1 . The ball joint thereby has an outer hub  6  with several chamfers designed as counter tracks, as well as an inner hub  7 , that is also provided with chamfers designed as counter tracks. 
     In the pairs of chamfers that are dedicated to each other pair-wise in the outer hub  6  and the inner hub  7 , balls  8  are received respectively, that are guided in a cage  9 . As a result, a moment of rotation can be transmitted from the inner hub  7  to the outer hub  6 , as well as to a hollow shaft  10  that is connected with such. 
     For the transmission of torque between the inner hub  7  and the shaft journal  4 , the inner hub  7  on the inside and the shaft journal  4  on the outside, can be provided with an integral key gearing  11 . The shaft journal  4  can thus be inserted rotationally fixed into inner hub  7  and only needs to be fixated axially by safety ring  1 . 
     In the inner hub  7 , as well as in the shaft journal  4 , slots  12  or  13  are provided that are dedicated to each other. A safety ring  1  can be inserted in slot  13  on shaft journal  4 , which projects out of slot  13  at least in sections in unloaded condition. For the axial connection of the shaft journal  4  to the inner hub  7 , the shaft journal  4  is inserted into inner hub  7 , whereby the safety ring  1 —because of the insertion chamfer  14  at the facing side of inner hub  7 , is pressed into slot  13 . As soon as slots  12  and  13  are positioned in the position dedicated to each other, as shown in  FIG. 2 , the safety ring  1  also snaps into slot  12  of inner hub  7  by radially broadening as a consequence of its preloading. Hereby, the connection between the inner hub  7  and the shaft journal  4  is established. 
     As seen in the axial direction, the safety ring  1  shown in  FIGS. 1 to 3  and  5 , is provided with an essentially round form with a groove  2 , which permits a radial flaring or compressing of the safety ring  1 . As can be seen in  FIG. 1 , the safety ring  1  has an essentially rectangular profile in cross section. In the embodiment as per  FIG. 1 , at one of the radial outer edges of the safety ring  1 , a chamfer  3  is 
     provided, which is inclined at an angle larger than 10°, for example, approximately 15° with respect to the radially extending lateral surface of the safety ring  1 . For the connection of two components and for releasing this connection, the safety ring  1  must be sufficiently elastic and for this purpose, it can, for example, consist of spring steel. 
     Alternatively, in further embodiments of a safety ring, both radial outer edges of the safety ring can be provided with defined chamfers or a radial outer edge and a radial inner edge of the safety ring is provided with a chamfer. The safety ring  1  has the form of a level disk or it can be provided with a corrugated profile so that the safety ring can also balance an axial play. 
     On the outer side of the inner hub  7 , an assembly slot  15  can be provided that permits the engagement of a tool for pushing together the inner hub  7  and the shaft journal  4 . Further, on shaft journal  4 , an additional slot can be provided for receiving gasket ring  16 . 
     For releasing the connection between the shaft journal  4  and the inner hub  7 , a tool can be inserted into the disassembly groove  17  between the facing side of the inner hub and a shoulder of the shaft journal  4 , as a result of which the inner hub  7  can be removed from shaft journal  4 . In this process, an edge of slot  12  of inner hub  7  comes to abut with the chamfer  3  of safety ring  1 . The edge of slot  12  thereby slides over the chamfer  3  of safety ring  1  and thereby pushes it radially towards the inside into slot  13 , so that the inner hub  7  can be pulled off the shaft. 
     The assembly and/or disassembly of the connection between the shaft journal  4  and the inner hub  7  can also take place by means of a plane hole-shaped tool, which can be used in the assembly slot  15  or in disassembly groove  17 . 
     This tool, which is not shown in the figure, can be provided with a rod that is mounted displaceable on a weight. Further, at the rod, at least one deflector surface is provided, against which the weight can be thrust, so that an impulse is transmitted from the rod to the plane hole-shaped tool, which consequently pushes the inner hub  7  onto shaft journal  4  or pulls it off from such. 
     The connecting arrangement shown in  FIG. 2  is not only lighter and more compact than conventional connecting arrangements with a shaft nut, but it also makes it possible to keep the journal shaft  4  small. As a result, bearing  18  and shaft gasket rings  19  can be used advantageously with a comparably small diameter. 
     The connecting arrangement in accordance with the invention is additionally provided with a safety device  20 , that is formed essentially by a locking sleeve shown in detail in  FIGS. 3 and 4 , which fixates the shaft journal  4  and the ball articulated shaft  5  axially to each other when the safety ring  1  is snapped into slot  12 . For this, locking sleeve  20  is provided with bar-like safety protrusions  21  that are designed in corresponding safety slots  22  on shaft journal  4  and inner hub  7 . 
     As can be seen in the lateral view of  FIG. 4 , the locking sleeve  20  of the additional safety device has an essentially U-shaped form. As a result of this it is possible to mount locking sleeve  20  onto the connecting arrangement in radial direction. By means of the snap lugs in the section of the safety protrusions  21 , the locking sleeve  20  can be locked on shaft journal  4  or on the inner hub  7 . The safety protrusions  21  are thereby so far distant from each other in axial direction that they can engage with the safety slots  22  only when the safety ring  1  is snapped into slot  12 . The activation of the additional safety device  20  by the engagement of the safety protrusions  21  with the safety slots  22  is thus an optically controllable indication that safety ring  1  is properly locked. The safety protrusions  21  can also be designed in such a way that the locking sleeves  20  can be displaced in radial direction between the two locking positions. Thus in the first locking position, only one of the two snap protrusions  21  is engaged with a corresponding safety slot  22 , while the second safety protrusion  21  is not yet engaged with the corresponding safety slot  22 . To the extent the safety ring  1  is not yet engaged with slot  12 , a relative axial displacement of inner hub  7  toward shaft journal  4  is consequently still possible. Locking sleeve  20  can then be displaced into the second locking position in which both safety protrusions  21  engage with the respective safety slots  22  only after the engagement of safety ring  1 . 
     A further embodiment of an additional safety device is illustrated in  FIG. 5 . The additional safety device is designed as an annular clamp or sleeve  23  in this embodiment that is provided with a first, essentially cylindrical section  23   a , a radial connection section  23   b  that projects away, and a second cylindrical section  23   c  that is in turn connected with such. The two sections  23   a  and  23   c  thereby extend coaxially toward each other and to journal shaft  4 , upon which the first section  23  bears. At the end of the first section  23   a  that is facing away from connection section  23   b , a safety protrusion  21 ′ is provided, with which a corresponding safety slot  22 ′ of journal shaft  4  engages. Thereby, the annular sleeve  23  is firmly retained in an axial direction on the journal shaft  4 . Between the first section  23   a  and the second section  23   c , an annular space is formed into which one end of the inner hub  7  projects, so that sleeve  23  can attach to journal shaft  4 . 
     On the outer surface of inner hub  7 , an additional safety slot  22 ′ is formed, with which a hook-like safety protrusion  21 ′ of the second section  23   c  can engage. The two safety protrusions  21 ′ and safety slots  22 ′ are thereby in turn arranged respectively in such a way, that the two safety protrusions  21 ′ can engage with the respective safety slots  22 ′ only when safety ring  1 , as shown in  FIG. 5 , is locked into slot  12  of inner hub  7 . 
     A further embodiment of an additional safety device is shown in  FIG. 6 , which shows a detail of an articulated shaft in which a roller displacement unit  24  is provided. The roller displacement unit  24  thereby essentially has a profile sleeve  25 , a journal  26  that is received displaceable by such and balls  27  that are formed in pair-wise inner tracks and outer tracks dedicated to each other on the inner surface of the profile sleeve  25  or the outer surface of journal  26 . The balls  27  that are guided in a sleeve-shaped cage can roll off in the pairs of tracks so that the profile sleeve  25  can be displaced relative to the journal  26  in axial direction. 
     Between the profile sleeve  25  and the journal  26 , a compression spring  28  is located, which loads the journal  26  in the figure toward the right, i.e. it loads it into the position that is moved out of profile sleeve  25 . When the roller displacement unit  24  that is shown in  FIG. 6  is provided with a compression spring that is integrated in an articulated shaft, which is provided with a connecting arrangement as per  FIG. 2 ,  3  or  5 , the compression spring  28  thus causes that the shaft journal  4  and the inner hub  7  are pushed into each other. A release of safety ring  1  out of slot  12  in inner hub  7  can be prevented by this axial preloading. The roller displacement unit  24  with the compression spring  28  thus acts as an additional safety device that retains the connection device formed by the safety ring  1  in its locked position.