Abstract:
A liquid dispense manifold having drip nozzles configured to form controlled droplets is provided for use in chemical-mechanical polisher (CMP) systems. The liquid dispense manifold includes a plurality of drip nozzles that are secured to the side of the liquid dispense manifold. Each of the plurality of drip nozzles has a passage defined between a first end and a second end. A bend is defined within the drip nozzle passage such that droplets are directed downward toward a polishing surface. The nozzles are configured with respect to the manifold to provide an even flow rate of substantially uniform drops onto the polishing surface.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to semiconductor wafer polishing, buffing, and cleaning and, more particularly, to techniques for applying liquids over a polishing belt in a Chemical-Mechanical Polishing (CMP) system. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   In the fabrication of semiconductor devices, there is a need to perform Chemical-Mechanical Polishing operations, including polishing, buffing, cleaning, and planarization of semiconductor wafers. Typically, integrated circuit devices are in the form of multi-level structures. At the substrate level, transistor devices having diffusion regions are formed. In subsequent levels, interconnect metallization lines are patterned and electrically connected to the transistor devices to define the desired functional device. As is well known, patterned conductive layers are insulated from other conductive layers by dielectric materials, such as silicon dioxide. As more metallization levels and associated dielectric layers are formed, the need to planarize the dielectric material increases. Without planarization, fabrication of additional metallization layers becomes substantially more difficult due to the higher variations in the surface topography. In  other applications, metallization line patterns are formed in the dielectric material, and then metal CMP operations are performed to remove excess metallization. 
   In the prior art, CMP systems typically implement belt, orbital, or brush stations in which belts, pads, or brushes are used to scrub, buff, polish, and planarize one or both sides of a wafer. Slurry is used to facilitate and enhance the CMP operation. Slurry is most usually introduced onto a moving preparation surface, e.g., belt, pad, brush, and the like, and distributed over the preparation surface as well as the surface of the semiconductor wafer being buffed, polished, or otherwise prepared by the CMP process. The distribution is generally accomplished by a combination of the movement of the preparation surface, the movement of the semiconductor wafer and the friction created between the semiconductor wafer and the preparation surface. 
     FIG. 1A  illustrates an exemplary prior art CMP system  100 . The CMP system  100  in  FIG. 1A  is a belt-type system, so designated because the preparation surface is an endless polishing belt  102  mounted on two drums  104  which drive the belt  102  in a rotational motion as indicated by belt rotation directional arrow  106 . A wafer  108  is mounted on a carrier head  110 . The carrier head  110  is rotated in direction  112 . The rotating wafer  108  is then applied against the rotating polishing belt  102  with a force F transmitted through the carrier head shaft  114  to accomplish a CMP process. Some CMP processes require significant force F to be applied. A platen  116  is provided to stabilize the belt  102  and to provide a solid surface onto which to apply the wafer  108 . Slurry  118  composed of an aqueous solution, such as NH 4 OH or DI containing dispersed abrasive particles is introduced to an application region  120  upstream of the wafer  108 .  FIG. 1A   illustrates the use of a single point slurry  118  distribution apparatus composed of a single tube  122  having an attached dispensing head  124 . 
     FIGS. 1B and 1C  illustrate a prior art manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus  150  that has been used as an alternative to the single point slurry distribution apparatus. The lower region of the manifold  150  has a bore  152  through its length with an input  154  at one end and an output  156  at the other end. A number (approx. 9) of threaded holes  158  extend downward from the bore  152  toward the polishing belt  102 . Each threaded hole  158  receives a threaded nozzle  160 . The bore-end of each nozzle  160  contains a sapphire orifice  162  which is sized to control the slurry  118  flow. A tube  164  is connected between the bore output  156  and the input of a manual metering valve  166 . Another tube  168  is connected to the manual metering valve  166  output and travels through one of several ports  170  at the upper region of the manifold  150 . The tube  168  may be placed through any one of the ports  170  depending on where extra slurry  118  is required on the belt  102 . The manual metering valve  166  is used to control the slurry flow through tube  168 . The manual metering valve  166  may be on, off, or regulated. The slurry  118  is provided to the manifold  150  through an input tube  172  in the direction indicated by arrow  174 . Due to the small diameter (e.g., 0.029 inch) of the sapphire orifices  162 , the slurry  118  will not enter the nozzles  160  unless the bore  152  is pressurized. The pressurization requirement to initiate flow through the sapphire orifices  162  results in an even flow distribution through each nozzle  160 . The sapphire orifices  162 , nozzle  160  configuration, and bore  152  pressurization causes the slurry  118  to leave nozzles  160  as drops. The slurry application area  176  resulting from the manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus  150  covers more of the polishing belt  102  width than the application area  120  corresponding to the single point slurry distribution apparatus.  
   The primary limitation of the single point slurry distribution apparatus ( 122  and  124 ) is its limited slurry application area  120 . In the prior art, the manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus  150  was developed to provide a wider, more evenly distributed slurry application area  176 . However, there are a number of problems associated with the manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus  150 . 
   The manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus  150  was originally developed to place liquid such as water on a cleaning brush. In the present CMP application, the slurry  118  chemistry, higher density, and higher viscosity relative to water, results in a higher potential for clogging of the extremely small (˜0.029 inch diameter) sapphire orifices  162 . Thus, one problem with the prior art is the susceptibility to clogging of the small orifice nozzles  160 . Making the diameter larger would have the downside of producing an un-even flow out of each of the nozzles  160 . 
   When slurry  118  dries in the nozzles  160  and sapphire orifices  162 , it becomes cemented such that it cannot be easily removed. Attempts to remove dried slurry often result in broken components within the bore  152  such as sapphire orifices  162  and nozzles  160 . When these components break in the bore, it is not typically possible to repair the manifold. Thus, the entire manifold  150  must be replaced. In the prior art, the nozzles  160  and sapphire orifices  162  must be machined to satisfy surface finish requirements. The manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus  150  is expensive due to its materials and many machined components. Therefore, servicing difficulties requiring replacement of the manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus  150  are very costly.  
   In view of the foregoing, there is a need for a slurry distribution apparatus that avoids the problems of the prior art by minimizing clogging potential, improving serviceability, and decreasing replacement frequency and cost.  
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Broadly speaking, the present invention fills these needs by providing an improved method for dispensing liquid (e.g., slurry) over the polishing belt of a CMP system. It should be appreciated that the present invention can be implemented in numerous ways, including as a process, an apparatus, a system, a device, or a method. Several inventive embodiments of the present invention are described below. 
   In one embodiment, a liquid dispense manifold for use in a chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) system is disclosed. The system includes a plurality of drip nozzles that are attached to a side wall of the liquid dispense manifold. Each drip nozzle includes a first end and a second end and a passage defined there-between. The first end is attached to the side wall. A bend is defined within the passage of each drip nozzle, and the bend is configured to direct a fluid stream substantially parallel to the side wall as it is directed toward the second end. The fluid stream is configured to be released from each drip nozzle in the form of substantially uniform drops. 
   In another embodiment, a fluid dispense manifold is provided the fluid dispense manifold is defined by an elongated body having at least a length, a bottom region, and a side region. A bore is defined through the length of the elongated body, and a plurality of holes are defined along the length of the elongated body and defined into the side region. Each of the plurality of holes are positioned toward an upper inner region of the bore. A plurality of nozzles are provided. Each of the plurality of nozzles is capable of being attached to each of the plurality of holes, and each nozzle has a bend designed to direct a fluid flow capable of emanating from within the bore, out through the side region and  toward the bottom region. The fluid flow is capable of being directed onto a surface that is oriented beneath the bottom region. 
   In yet another embodiment, a method for making a fluid manifold is disclosed. the method includes providing an elongated block of material. The elongated block of material has a side surface and a bottom surface. Then, boring a hole through a center of the elongated block of material. A plurality of holes are formed along the elongated block, and the plurality of holes are defined on the side surface of the elongated block of material. The method further includes applying a bent nozzle to each of the plurality of holes. Each of the bent nozzles configured to direct outwardly from the side surface and curve downwardly in the direction of the bottom surface. 
   In still another embodiment, a liquid dispense manifold for use in CMP operations is disclosed. The front side of the manifold is separated into an overhanging upper half and a recessed lower half. A plurality of nozzles are secured along each of the upper and lower halves of the front side of the manifold. Two bore holes pass through the length of the manifold such that each bore hole lies in either the upper or lower half of the manifold and is within close proximity to the front side of the manifold. Each of the plurality of nozzles along the front of the manifold has a passage defined between a first end and a second end. A single 90 degree bend exists within each nozzle passage so that liquid can exit the front side of the manifold and be directed downward toward the CMP polishing belt. The nozzles are positioned and configured to provide an evenly distributed dispensation of liquid from the manifold to the polishing belt. The presence of two bore holes allow the use of one or two liquid types without concern for liquid type mixing within a bore hole region. Liquid input lines may be connected to either end of  the bore holes. Similarly, end caps or other lines may be connected to the non-input ends of the bore holes. 
   In another embodiment, a liquid dispense manifold for use in CMP operations is disclosed. The manifold is a rectangular block containing a bore hole which passes through the manifold within close proximity to the front side of the manifold. A plurality of nozzles are secured along the front side of the manifold. Each of the plurality of nozzles along the front of the manifold has a passage defined between a first end and a second end. A single bend (e.g., 90 degrees) exists within each nozzle passage so that liquid can exit the front side of the manifold and be directed downward toward the CMP polishing belt. The nozzles are positioned and configured to provide an evenly distributed dispensation of liquid from the manifold to the polishing belt. A liquid input line may be connected to either end of the bore hole. Similarly, an end cap or other line may be connected to the non-input end of the bore hole. 
   The advantages of the present invention are numerous. Most notably, by designing a liquid dispense manifold which directs liquid to flow through the manifold side prior to turning downward in a nozzle passage, the liquid flow may be controlled and conditioned by means other than those involving gravity, extremely small sapphire orifices, and machined components. Also, the simplicity of the liquid dispense manifold facilitates servicing and repair. The claimed invention therefore solves the problem of liquid clogging that previously would result in an irreparable condition. Also, the simplicity of the embodiments of the claimed invention removes the problem of unserviceable components that previously could yield the manifold irreparable, thus, requiring complete replacement at high cost.  
   Other aspects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, illustrating by way of example the present invention.  

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention, together with further advantages thereof, may best be understood by reference to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which: 
       FIG. 1A  is an illustration showing an exemplary prior art CMP system; 
       FIG. 1B  is an illustration showing the longitudinal cross-section of an alternative prior art manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus; 
       FIG. 1C  shows a side cross-sectional view, referenced as A—A in  FIG. 1B , of the alternative prior art manifold-type slurry distribution apparatus; 
       FIG. 2A  shows a three-dimensional generalized diagram of a CMP system, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2B  shows the front view of a liquid dispense manifold, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2C  shows the back view of a liquid dispense manifold, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2D  shows a side cross-sectional view, referenced as A—A in  FIG. 2B , of a liquid dispense manifold, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2E  shows a side cross-sectional view, referenced as B—B in  FIG. 2B , of a liquid dispense manifold, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;  
       FIG. 3  shows a side view of the CMP system depicting the height of a liquid dispense manifold above the polishing belt, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 4  shows an end view of a liquid dispense manifold depicting the outer dimensions of the manifold, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 5  shows cross-sectional views of nozzles depicting the nozzle characteristic dimensions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  shows a front view of a liquid dispense manifold depicting nozzle spacing dimensions and a corresponding liquid distribution, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 7  shows a side view of a liquid dispense manifold mounting arrangement, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; 
       FIG. 8  shows a front view of a liquid dispense manifold mounting arrangement, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention; and 
       FIG. 9  shows a three-dimensional generalized diagram of a CMP system, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
       FIG. 10  is a flow chart illustrating the method operations implemented to make a manifold, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.  
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   An invention is disclosed for a liquid dispense manifold for a CMP system. The liquid dispense manifold of the present invention uses nozzles which provide a liquid flow path from the side of the manifold downward at an angle (e.g., 90 degrees) toward a CMP polishing belt, thus eliminating the liquid clogging and serviceability issues associated with bottom-exit small orifice nozzles. Further, the manifold of the present invention successfully implements less expensive materials of construction with lower precision dimensional requirements, thus yielding a better performing, less costly, and more easily serviceable alternative with respect to the prior art. 
   In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without some or all of these specific details. In other instances, well known process operations have not been described in detail in order not to unnecessarily obscure the present invention. 
     FIG. 2A  shows a three-dimensional generalized diagram of a CMP system  200 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The CMP system  200  includes a pair of drums  212 , around which a polishing belt  208  rotates in a direction  260 . A wafer  206  is attached to a carrier head  204  which is attached to a shaft  202 . The shaft  202  rotates in a direction  262  while simultaneously applying downward pressure to generate friction at the wafer  206  and polishing belt  208  interface. A platen  210  is provided to stabilize the polishing belt  208  and to provide a solid surface onto which to apply the wafer  206 . A liquid  310 , such as slurry containing dispersed abrasive particles, is introduced upstream of the wafer  206  to facilitate the process of scrubbing, buffing,  polishing, or planarizing the surface of the wafer  206 . The liquid  310  is distributed to the polishing belt  208  within a distribution zone  214  via a manifold  236 . 
   The manifold  236  includes a plurality of nozzles  238  which direct the flow of liquid  310  from an input line  230  downward toward the polishing belt  208 . Each input line  230  is connected to a feed pump which supplies a flow of liquid  310 . Each input line  230  is also connected to the manifold  236  by a threaded coupling  232 . A threaded cap  234  is located opposite each input line  230  to prevent liquid  310  from leaving the manifold  236  other than through the nozzles  238 . 
   The manifold  236  is mounted to a bracket faceplate  226  which is in turn connected to a pair of bracket arms  222  by a number of fasteners  228 . The bracket arms  222  extend upward and outward over the polishing belt  208  to avoid interference with the manifold  236  and input lines  230 . The lower ends of the bracket arms  222  are stabilized by a horizontal bar  220 . The horizontal bar  220  and bracket arms  222  are held together by a number of fasteners  224 . The horizontal bar  220  is mounted to a wall plate  216  by a number of fasteners  218 . 
     FIG. 2B  shows the front view of the manifold  236 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The manifold  236  in this embodiment includes an upper region  240  containing a longitudinal bore  248  and a lower region  242  containing a longitudinal bore  250 . The longitudinal bores  248  and  250  passing through the entire length of the manifold  236  are delineated by a set of dashed lines  264 . A plurality of nozzles  238  access each longitudinal bore  248  and  250  such that liquid  310  may flow from the longitudinal bores  248  and  250  to the outside of the manifold  236  and downward toward the polishing belt  208 . In the preferred embodiment, each longitudinal  bore  248  and  250  has 6 nozzles  238  to ensure that an adequate liquid  310  distribution is achieved on the polishing belt. Each bore  248  and  250  is threaded on each end to accept either a threaded cap  234  or a threaded coupling  232 . An input line  230  is connected to the threaded coupling  232  to provide liquid  310  to the manifold  236 . Access to the inner region of each longitudinal bore  248  and  250  from either end facilitates manifold  236  servicing in the event of liquid  310  clogging. 
     FIG. 2C  shows the back view of the manifold  236 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The manifold  236  has a flat back surface  244  containing a pair of threaded mounting holes  246 . The threaded mounting holes  246  are used to attach the manifold  236  to the bracket faceplate  226 . Of course, any other suitable mounting technique will also work, so long as the manifold  236  is secure and placed at the proper height and location over the pad  208 . 
     FIG. 2D  shows a side cross-sectional view, referenced as A—A in  FIG. 2B , of the manifold  236 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The longitudinal bore  248  is shown in the upper region  240 . Similarly, the longitudinal bore  250  is shown in the lower region  242 . This cross-sectional view shows a slice through an upper region  240  nozzle  238 . A receptor hole  252  is threaded to receive the nozzle  238 . In this exemplary embodiment, the receptor hole  252  is positioned to be tangent to the topmost surface of the longitudinal bore  248 . 
     FIG. 2E  shows a side cross-sectional view, referenced as B—B in  FIG. 2B , of the manifold  236 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The longitudinal bore  248  is shown in the upper region  240 . Similarly, the longitudinal bore  250  is shown in the lower region  242 . This cross-sectional view shows a slice through a  lower region  242  nozzle  238 . A receptor hole  252  is threaded to receive the nozzle  238 . This embodiment also has the receptor hole  252  is positioned to be tangent to the topmost surface of the longitudinal bore  250 . 
   In one embodiment of the present invention, the nozzle receptor holes  252  are not toward the bottom of the longitudinal bore, thus alleviating the requirement to use a small sapphire orifice in the nozzle flow entrance to control liquid flow driven by gravity. The tangential position of the nozzle  238  receptor hole  252  relative to the longitudinal bore  248  and  250  top surface in the present invention facilitates an even flow of liquid  310  from the plurality of nozzles  238 . The liquid  310  must fill the longitudinal bore  248  and  250  prior to reaching a nozzle  238  flow entrance. This design feature prevents liquid  310  from erratically entering and exiting nozzles  238  when subjected to a pulsed flow, such as what occurs when using a pulsing feed pump. As the liquid  310  begins flowing through the nozzles  238 , the free volume remaining in the longitudinal bore  248  and  250  becomes pressurized. This pressurization creates a more evenly distributed flow through the plurality of nozzles  238  and also allows more precise flow control. The feed pump connected to the input lines  230  is metered so that liquid  310  flow rates from the nozzles  238  can be closely reproduced. 
   The longitudinal bores  248  and  250  dimensions and corresponding volume are defined according to the desired liquid  310  flow rate. For exemplary data, nominal flow rate is about 200 mL/min within a range from about 150 mL/min to about 1000 mL/min. Correspondingly, a nominal longitudinal bore  248  and  250  volume is about 1.2 inch 3  within a range from about 1 inch 3  to about 2 inch 3 . For a CMP process on an 8 inch (i.e., 200 mm) diameter wafer  206 , a nominal longitudinal bore  248  and  250  diameter of  about 0.4 inch within a range from about 0.2 inch to about 0.5 inch may be expected. Similarly, for a CMP process on a 12 inch (i.e., 300 mm) diameter wafer  206 , a nominal longitudinal bore  248  and  250  diameter of about 0.6 inch within a range from about 0.3 inch to about 0.7 inch may be expected. 
     FIG. 3  shows a side view of the CMP system  200  depicting a height H 502  of the manifold  236  above the polishing belt  208 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The height H 502  of the manifold  236  relative to the polishing belt  208  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 3 inches within a range from about 1 inch to about 5 inches. To avoid liquid  310  splashing effects, the manifold  236  should not be positioned too far above the polishing belt  208 . 
     FIG. 4  shows an end view of the manifold  236  depicting the outer dimensions of the manifold  236 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. A manifold upper region width W 504  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 1.5 inch. A manifold lower region width W 506  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 1 inch. A manifold total height H 508  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 1⅝ inch. A manifold lower region height H 510  is specified with a nominal dimension of about ⅞ inches. A manifold length L 500 ,  FIG. 2B , is specified with a nominal dimension of about 11 inches within a range from about 9 inches to about 12 inches. The manifold length L 500  may vary depending on the process target size (e.g., L 500  ≅about 11 inches for 8 inch (200 mm) wafer). It should be noted that the manifold  236  dimensions cited above are typical of the preferred embodiment of the present invention. Other embodiments of the present invention may have dimensions outside the ranges specified for the preferred embodiment.  
     FIG. 5  shows cross-sectional views depicting the nozzle  238  characteristic dimensions, in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. The nozzle  238  includes a liquid entrance  304 , a 90 degree bend  254 , and a liquid exit  306 . A set of threads  302  are present at the liquid entrance  304  end of the nozzle  238  to allow fit-up with a receptor hole  252  in the manifold  236 . If necessary in the event of liquid  310  clogging, each nozzle  238  may be removed for servicing and replaced without damaging the manifold  236 . The nozzle  238  portion outboard of the manifold  236  may have a contoured outer surface  308 ; however, there is no contour preference with respect to the present invention. A nozzle horizontal flow-path length X 512  is specified for each nozzle  238 . 
   The nozzle horizontal flow-path length X 512  dimension is arbitrary; however, all nozzles should have a similar horizontal flow-path length X 512  dimension to ensure that equal flow rates are obtained from each nozzle. If the nozzle  238  flow-path diameter is too large, the liquid  310  flow rate will be too large. For a liquid  310  such as slurry, a nozzle horizontal flow-path diameter Y 518  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 0.04 inch within a range from about 0.03 inch to about 0.06 inch. Also, for a liquid  310  such as slurry, a nozzle vertical flow-path diameter X 516  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 0.04 inch within a range from about 0.03 inch to about 0.06 inch. For other liquids  310 , such as de-ionized water, nozzle horizontal and vertical flow-path diameters Y 518  and X 516 , respectively, may be specified with a nominal dimension of about 0.03 inch within a range from about 0.02 inch to about 0.09 inch. 
   A nozzle vertical flow-path length Y 514  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 0.2 inch within a range from about 0.1 inch to about 0.4 inch. The nozzle vertical  flow-path length Y 514  should be long enough to allow the liquid  310  to make the 90 degree bend  254  and achieve a conditioned flow state prior to exiting the nozzle  238 . However, the nozzle vertical flow-path length Y 514  must not be too long as to create a siphoning effect (i.e., increased flow rate) resulting from gravity acting on the liquid flow over a longer distance. In light of the above requirements, the nozzle vertical flow-path length Y 514  should be the same for each nozzle  238  to ensure that equal flow rates are achieved. As used herein, the 90 degree bend  254  is provided as an example, as other angles will also work so long as sufficient conditioning is applied to the fluid before exiting. 
     FIG. 6  shows a front view of the manifold  236  depicting nozzle  238  spacing dimensions and a corresponding liquid distribution  312 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The nozzle  238  locations along the manifold  236  have a direct effect on the liquid distribution  312  achieved on the polishing belt  208 . In the preferred embodiment, an upper-to-lower region nozzle offset S 518  is specified to be approximately equal to about ¼ inch. 
   The upper-to-lower region nozzle offset S 518  is to ensure that liquid  310  flows do not overlap or get interrupted by other nozzles  238 . In the preferred embodiment, an upper region nozzle center-to-center spacing S 522  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 1¼ inches. In the preferred embodiment, a lower region nozzle center-to-center spacing S 520  is specified with a nominal dimension of about 1¼ inches. Variations in liquid  310  chemistry and viscosity may require that other embodiments of the present invention use different nozzle  238  spacing dimensions. For example, a more viscous (i.e., thicker) liquid  310  may not spread as readily and may require closer nozzle   238  spacing to achieve the desired liquid distribution  312  on the polishing belt  208 . Conversely, a less viscous (i.e., thinner) liquid  310  may spread more readily and may require larger nozzle  238  spacing to achieve the desired liquid distribution  312  on the polishing belt  208 . The liquid distribution  312  size may vary depending on the process target size. 
   For example, a liquid  310  distribution zone  214  width of about 7 inches to about 8 inches may be required for an 8 inch (200 mm) wafer  206  diameter. Similarly, a liquid  310  distribution zone  214  width of about 10 inches to about 12 inches may be required for a 12 inch (300 mm) wafer  206  diameter. The plurality of nozzles  238  and flexibility with respect to nozzle  238  spacing ensure that an even and continuous liquid distribution  312  can be achieved across the polishing belt  208 . 
     FIGS. 7 and 8  show a side view and a front view, respectively, of the manifold  236  mounting arrangement, in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The wall plate  216  is attached to the CMP system wall  256  by a number of fasteners  316 . Each bracket arm  222  is attached to the horizontal bar  220  by a number of fasteners  224  passing through vertically elongated slots  314 . The vertically elongated slots  314  allow the manifold  236  and associated mounting arrangement to be adjusted vertically as required. The horizontal bar  220  is attached to the wall plate  216  by a number of fasteners  218  passing through horizontally elongated slots  318 . The horizontally elongated slots  318  allow the manifold  236  and associated mounting arrangement to be adjusted horizontally as required. 
   The preferred embodiment of the present invention having two longitudinal bores  248  and  250 , offers more operational flexibility than previously allowed in the prior art.  In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, one or both of the longitudinal bores  248  and  250  may be on at the same time. Generally, however, one longitudinal bore  248  and  250  is on at a time. Each longitudinal bore  248  and  250  may be fed the same or different liquid  310  compositions. This allows two liquid  310  compositions to be used for one CMP operation without having to mix liquids  310  in a longitudinal bore  248  and  250  or interrupt the CMP process to clean a longitudinal bore  248  and  250  and hook-up a second liquid  310  composition. Use of two or more liquid  310  compositions in a CMP process is common, thus a preferred embodiment of the present invention represents savings associated with decreased CMP system downtime and increased wafer throughput. 
     FIG. 9  shows a three-dimensional generalized diagram of a CMP system  200 , in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, all components of the CMP system  200  and manifold mounting arrangement remain the same; however, a single longitudinal bore manifold  400  is implemented. The input line  230 , threaded coupling  232 , threaded cap  234 , bore characteristics, and nozzle  238  characteristics remain the same as in the previous embodiment. 
     FIG. 10  is a flow chart illustrating the method operations implemented to make a manifold  236 , in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention. The method  600  begins where an elongated block of material is provided in  602 . A bore having an appropriate diameter is then defined down the length of the elongated block in operation  604 . In operation  606 , a plurality of holes are threaded in a line along a length of the block, such that the top inner surface of the each hole is approximately tangent to a top inner surface of the bore. In operation  608 , a plurality of nozzles having a bend is  applied into each of the plurality of threaded plurality of holes. The manifold  236  can then be supplied with the appropriate supply lines to deliver fluid to the bore, and allow the fluid to exit each of the nozzles in an even and controlled fashion over a CMP polishing surface. 
   In a more specific exemplary embodiment, the method of making a liquid dispense manifold for a CMP system is now provided. Operation 1 of the method is to obtain or fashion an elongated block of material that can be drilled or bored through. The elongated block may be rectangular, cylindrical, or any other shape. Operation 2 of the method is to bore a hole of appropriate diameter down the entire length of the block fashioned in Operation 1. Operation 3 of the method is to thread approximately 1 inch at each end of the bore hole created in Operation 2. Operation 4 of the method is to drill and thread a plurality of holes in a straight line along the length of the block such that the top inner surface of each hole is approximately tangent to the top inner surface of the bore created in Operation 2. Each of the plurality of holes drilled and threaded in Operation 4 should preferably be approximately perpendicular to the bore hole created in Operation 2. 
   Operation 5 of the method is to drill and thread at least 2 holes on the on the side of the block directly opposite the plurality of holes created in Operation 4. The holes created in Operation 5 should not penetrate to the bore hole created in Operation 2. The holes created in Operation 5 are used to mount the liquid dispense manifold. Operation 6 of the method is to fashion or obtain a plurality of identical nozzles having appropriate dimensions, e.g., such as a 90 degree bend (or any angle that will provide sufficient conditioning), and a threaded flow entrance end to match the threading performed in Operation 4. Operation 7 of the method is to screw the nozzles obtained in Operation 6  into the plurality of holes created in Operation 4. Operation 8 of the method is to obtain a threaded end cap to match the threads created in Operation 3. Operation 9 of the method is to screw the end cap obtained in Operation 8 into one end of the bore created in Operation 2. Operation 10 of the method is to obtain a threaded coupling to match the threads created in Operation 3. Operation 11 of the method is to screw the coupling obtained in Operation 10 into the bore end opposite of the end cap as placed in Operation 9. 
   Operation 12 of the method is to mount the liquid dispense manifold as created in Operations 1 through 11 of the method to a manifold mounting bracket in the CMP system. Operation 13 of the method is to attach the liquid input line for the CMP system to the coupling attached in Operation 11. Operations 1 through 13 above define one exemplary detailed method for making a liquid dispense manifold for mounting and connecting to a CMP system. Operations 1 through 13 above, however, are not inclusive in the respect that someone skilled in the art may make obvious modifications or additions depending on the desired location, the specific CMP system, space considerations, engineering requirements, and ergonomics. 
   The material selection for each component of the liquid dispense manifold  236  is arbitrary so long as the selected materials are chemically compatible with the liquid  310 . In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the manifold  236  and nozzles  238  are composed of plastic to reduce the overall cost of the apparatus. It should be noted that the required manifold  236 , longitudinal bore  248  and  250 , and nozzle  238  dimensions do not necessarily required precision machining depending on the materials selected. For  example, use of less expensive molded plastic nozzles  238  rather than machined metal nozzles  238  is acceptable. 
   While this invention has been described in terms of several preferred embodiments, it will be appreciated that those skilled in the art upon reading the preceding specifications and studying the drawings will realize various alterations, additions, permutations and equivalents thereof. It is therefore intended that the present invention includes all such alterations, additions, permutations, and equivalents as fall within the true spirit and scope of the invention.