Abstract:
An apparatus for hydroforming workpieces includes a first ( 11 ) and a second tool part ( 13 ) and a press device ( 1, 6, 7 ) which closes and holds together the tool parts during a forming cycle. The first tool part ( 11 ) is mounted in the press device ( 1, 6, 7 ). The second tool part ( 13 ) is disposed for insertion into and removal from the press device ( 1, 6, 7 ), for example with the aid of a conveyor ( 8 ). Further, the apparatus includes a supply of pressurized fluid ( 12 ) to the first tool part ( 11 ).

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relaters to an apparatus for hydroforming workpieces and comprises a forming tool with at least a first tool part and at least a second tool part, a press device for closing and holding together the tool parts during a forming cycle, and means for supplying a pressurised fluid to the tool during the forming cycle. 
     The present invention also relates to a method of hydroforming workpieces and comprises the steps that at least one workpiece is placed in a tool which is closed, whereafter forming takes place and the formed workpiece is removed from the tool 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     In this application, the term hydroforming is taken to signify a forming method in which a workpiece of sheeting or tubing is directly subjected to a liquid under high pressure in order, under the action thereof, to be formed in or against a tool. The fluid may, in this context, be water, a water/oil emulsion, oil, etc. Hydroforming can achieve extremely high levels of accuracy and surface fineness in the processes workpiece. 
     WO 95/31322 discloses an apparatus for hydroforming. This apparatus consists of an outer frame in which there are disposed press devices displaying short stroke length, but with extremely high pressing force. A tool unit is divided into a plurality of components and provided with a workpiece outside the press device and is also assembled outside the press device. After assembly of the tool and the workpiece, the tool is inserted as a unit into the press device where it is dosed and held together at the same time as the hydroforming operation takes place in the tool. After completed forming, the tool is removed as a unit and emptied outside the press device. Thus, the press device serves the function of a separate tool locking means. 
     While the design and construction according to the above-mentioned PCT publication may, in certain cases, function satisfactorily, it is, however, in many situations impractical and slow in operation. This applies particularly to such situations where workpieces of relatively simple shape are to be produced. 
     Problem Structure 
     The present invention has for its object to design the apparatus intimated by way of introduction such that it makes for extremely rational production at low costs. The same applies also to the method intimated by way of introduction. A further object of the present invention is to make it possible also to manufacture workpieces of different shapes in rapid sequence after each other. 
     Solution 
     The objects forming the basis of the present invention will be attained in respect of the apparatus if this is characterized in that the first tool part is mounted in the press device, while the second tool part is disposed for insertion in the press device prior to a forming cycle, and for removal from the press device after the forming cycle. 
     The objects forming the basis of the present invention will be attained in respect of the method if this is characterized in that a first tool part is held fixedly and immovably during a work cycle, that at least a second tool part is provided with a workpiece, that the second tool part with the workpiece is brought to a position in connection with the fist tool part and that the tool is closed by displacement of the second tool part and the workpiece, whereafter the forming takes place. 
     Further advantages will be attained if the apparatus is also given one or more of the characterizing features as set forth in appended subclaims 2 to 5 and if the method is also given one or more of the characterizing features as set forth in appended subclaims 7 and 8. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ACCOMPANYING DRAWINGS 
     The present invention will now be described in greater detail hereinbelow, with reference to the accompanying Drawings. In the accompanying Drawings: 
     FIG. 1 shows an apparatus according to the present invention seen in the direction along which a tool part and a workpiece are fed into the apparatus; 
     FIG. 2 shows the apparatus of FIG. 1, seen in a direction from right to left in FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a view corresponding to that of FIG. 1 of the apparatus with a tool part inserted therein in the open state; and 
     FIG. 4 is a view corresponding to FIGS. 1 and 3 in a position where the tool is closed. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     In FIGS. 1 and 2, reference numeral  1  relates to a frame which is intended for absorbing extremely great forces. The frame  1  has an upper section  2 , a lower section  3  and side sections  4  and  5 . The frame  1  is to be considered as a frame in a hydraulic press which has been dimensioned in such a manner that it can absorb forces of the order of magnitude of MN or more without undergoing any appreciable deformation. The technology for realising such a frame is well known in the art and, as a result, needs not be commented on in greater detail. 
     On the lower section  3  of the frame  1 , there is disposed a force generating unit  6  on which rests a lifting table  7 . The force generating unit is dimensioned to realise forces of the same order of magnitude as the frame  1  is dimensioned to withstand. The force generating unit is designed for short stroke lengths, often a few or a few tens of millimetres, but for extremely great force and may include one or more hydraulic cylinders which each have a relatively slight ram surface area but which together have the large ram surface area which is required for the above-mentioned force generation. An assembly for the supply of hydraulic fluid under pressure is connected to the force generating unit  6  but will not be illustrated and described further. Correspondingly, the requisite control and regulation equipment is provided, but nor will this be described in greater detail. 
     A conveyor  8  is provided for the insertion of a tool part into the frame to a position I on the lifting table  7  before a forming cycle and for removing the tool part after the forming cycle. In its simplest form, the conveyor may be described as a pair of roller rails  9  which, with the aid of suitable supports or mounting members  10 , are disposed on either side of the lifting table  7  at a height intended therefore in relation to the lifting table  7  in its lower position of rest. 
     FIG. 1 shows, at reference numeral  11 , a first tool part which, while naturally being replaceable, is to be considered as immobile and permanently mounted in the frame  1  during operation. The first tool part has an inlet  12  for the supply of pressurised fluid, preferably a liquid which is used for forming a workpiece and which, in such instance, is preferably in direct action and contact with the workpiece. 
     In its simplest form, the first tool part  11  has a planar underside with one or more outlets for the above-mentioned pressurised fluid. If the workpiece, prior to a forming operation, is a flat sheet, his design of the underside will realise an adequate sealing against the workpiece in order to build up, between the workpiece and the underside, a sufficient fluid pressure for forming the workpiece. 
     FIG. 2 shows a second or lower tool part  13  which, in its upper surface, has a mould cavity  14 . The second tool part  13  is movable between a position I located outside the frame  1  where a workpiece is placed on the tool part, to a position II located in the frame  1  in connection with the first tool part  11 , the position II also being shown in FIG.  3 . In order to achieve this mobility of the second tool part, this tool part may suitably be provided with roller means  15 , with rollers which rest on the roller rails  9 . 
     As will be apparent from FIG. 2, the conveyor  8  (i.e. in this embodiment the roller rails  9 ) may be disposed to be through-going in the frame  1  so that the lower tool part  13  may be displaced from the position I illustrated in FIG. 2 to a position II (FIG. 3) located interiorly in the frame  1 , and to a position III in FIG. 2 located to the right of the frame  1 . The reason for this is that, in position I, a workpiece is applied on the second tool part  13 , in position II, the work cycle is carried out interiorly in the frame  1 , and in position II, the finished workpiece is removed from the second tool part. The second tool part may then be recycled in one suitable way or another back to position II or possibly be provided with a new workpiece in position III and returned to position II for processing and thereafter to position I for removal of the workpiece. 
     The present invention also encompasses the possibility of employing a plurality of variously designed second or lower tool parts which have mould cavities of different shapes. This implies that the workpieces, after the forming cycle, will have different appearances. This is possible in that the first tool part may in principle be designed with a totally planar lower surface which, prior to the forming cycle with the tool dosed (according to FIG.  4 ), sealingly abuts against the upper side of the workpiece. 
     In FIG. 3, the second tool part  13  is shown inserted in the frame  1  before the force generating unit  6  has lifted the lifting table  7  up into abutment against the underside of the second tool part  13 , i.e. before the tool is closed. In practice, only the play between the upper side of the lifting table  7  and the lower side of the second tool part  13  which is sufficient to make possible rolling-in of the second tool part  13  to the position shown in FIG. 3 is required. In practice, a clearance or play of one or a few millimetres would probably be sufficient 
     In FIG. 3, a workpiece  16  in the form of a substantially planar sheet has been shown resting on the second tool part  13 . In the Figure, edge portions of the workpiece  16  extend outside the periphery of the second tool part. On the other hand, in a practical embodiment it is probable that the second tool part  13  would be provided with retainer members which, in a horizontal direction, prevent the workpiece  16  from sliding on the upper side of the tool part. In such an embodiment, the edge portions of the workpiece  16  would be located inside the outer periphery of the second tool part. Such retainer members for the workpiece may be designed as an outer frame around the periphery of the second tool part, but may, for example, also comprise magnets, suction devices or the like. Further, there are provided sealing means around the periphery of the mould cavity  14  which, when the tool is closed, press the workpiece  16  into sealing abutment against the first tool part  11 . 
     In FIG. 4, the force generating unit  6  has been activated so that the lifting table  7  has been brought into abutment against the underside of the second tool part  13  and its roller means  15  have been lifted from the roller rails  9 . In this position, the workpiece  16  is pressed with great force between the first and second tool parts, sealing taking place between the upper side of the workpiece  16  and the lower side of the first tool part  11 . In the position according to FIG. 4, pressurised fluid is supplied via the inlet  12  to the interface between the upper side of the workpiece  16  and the lower side of the first tool part  11 , whereupon the workpiece bulges downwards into the mould cavity  14  (FIG. 2) in the second tool part  13 . The supply of pressure medium to the upper side of the workpiece  16  is carried out for such a length of time and with such great volume that the workpiece is pressed hard down against the defining walls of the mould cavity  14  and with such great force that the workpiece is shaped in accordance with the shape of the mould cavity with consummate accuracy. 
     Once the forming of the workpiece has taken place according to FIG. 4, the lifting table  7  is once again lowered, whereafter the second tool part  13  and the finished workpiece are removed from the frame  1 , where the second tool part is released from the workpiece. Thereafter, the cycle is repeated with the same or an identical or otherwise formed second tool part. 
     In the foregoing, the underside of the first tool part has been described as being substantially planar. However, according to the present invention, it is possible also to provide this tool part with a mould cavity which in such an event, would correspond to the mould cavity  14 . In this alternative, the second tool part  13  also has an inlet for pressurised fluid which is employed for pressing the workpiece into the mould cavity which is placed in the first tool part. If, in such instance, the area of the mould cavity in the upper tool part is considerably smaller than the area of the mould cavity  14  in the second tool part, the workpiece may first be pressed in an upward direction under the action of pressurised fluid which is supplied via the second tool part, whereafter a second forming takes place in a downward direction by means of pressurised fluid which is supplied via the inlet  12  in the first tool part. 
     As an alternative to the mutual placing of the first and second tool parts  11  and  13 , respectively, as shown on the Drawings, it is also possible to provide an arrangement where the plane of division between the tool parts is vertical, i.e. the workpiece stands upright instead of lying horizontally. 
     The present invention should not be considered as restricted to that described above and shown on the drawings, many modifications being conceivable without departing from the scope of the appended Claims.