Abstract:
The present invention provides a project optimization software tool in which a single window in a graphical user interface serves as a tool for planning future actions, reviewing past actions, organizing meetings and launching executable software tools. A project pathway window supports: 1) the listing and viewing of sequences of pathway steps, which, if accomplished, lead towards a defined project goal, 2) the ability to link software tools to those pathway steps, and launch the software tools for execution, 3) the creation of meeting agendas, each of which may encompass several pathway steps, without demoting the included pathway steps, and 4) the marking of the status of pathway steps.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a project organization and optimization tool and to a method of use thereof, and, more particularly, to a project organization and optimization tool suitable for enhancing project performance in projects involving the use of a number of distinct software tools and to a method of using such a project organization optimization tool. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the personal computer software market, there have long been four main areas of software development: word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and graphic design/drawing. More recently, there has been a proliferation of offerings in three other areas: 
     1. groupware, a category of software designed to help people work together, of which Lotus Development Corporation&#39;s Notes® package is an example, 
     2. personal information managers (PIM&#39;s), which help people organize their schedules, appointments, lists of things to do, etc., and 
     3. diagramming tools, such as flowcharting packages. 
     The expansion of software development activity indicates an ongoing endeavor to harness the power of the computer to help people work more effectively and efficiently, both as individuals and as team members. This endeavor is spurred not only by economic necessity, but by advances in the theory of organization management. Management experts indicate that as much as 50% of the work performed in organizations is unnecessary. Many case studies demonstrate that this waste can be cut dramatically by using modern total quality management (TQM), process reengineering, and strategic planning methods. 
     These methods typically require the cooperation of several people from various departments within an organization; in many cases a formal team is organized specifically to improve a work process or solve a problem. The work of problem-solving or process improvement generally benefits from a systematic approach, involving a cycle or cycles of diagramming processes, analyzing root causes, seeking creative solutions, choosing promising ideas, testing them, collecting and analyzing data, and instituting the changes that work best. 
     In many ways, this systematic approach to work improvement is derived from the scientific method described by Francis Bacon, and later by John Dewey. The modern theorists who have had the most influence on this type of work have been W. Edwards Deming and Joseph Juran. Deming and Juran have propounded detailed cycles of systematic effort to improve processes, but organizations have tended to modify their suggestions to suit their own needs, leading to a multiplicity of methods which are in active use in all sectors of the economy. 
     However, organizations which employ these methodologies encounter a fairly consistent set of constraints or problems, including the following 
     1. Project teams, formed to conceive and implement process improvements, become overly concerned with the use of the improvement/management tools available to them, and lose sight of long-term objectives. 
     2. Meeting agendas and minutes, as well as progress reports, create heavy paperwork burdens. 
     3. Data collected about processes are often incomplete or flawed, and analysis is, therefore, prone to error. 
     4. Many standard quality improvement tools are very tedious when used manually. 
     A number of software developers supply software packages designed to reduce or eliminate one or more of these constraints. However, none of these software packages provides thorough utility to overcome the constraints listed above. 
     As common in all projects requiring the use of several distinct software tools, project organization is lacking. For example, it is very difficult for the project team to keep track of the overall project during its progression. Moreover, organizing work files becomes a daunting task when several or numerous members of a project team must access several software tools. 
     It is, therefore, very desirable to develop a project organization and optimization tool that provides thorough utility to support quality improvement activities. More generally, it is desirable to develop a project organization and optimization tool for use in projects including one or more process steps involving the use of one or more specific, executable software tools. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, the present invention provides a project organization and optimization method and tool for use in projects comprising process steps utilizing several distinct software tools. As used herein the term &#34;project&#34; refers to any actions designed to accomplish an end result (goal or goals). Such goal(s) may be completely predetermined at the beginning of the project, but may also change as the project continues towards completion. A &#34;project pathway&#34; or &#34;pathway&#34; comprises a sequence of pathway steps to be performed to accomplish the goal(s). Each of the pathway steps corresponds to a specific executable software tool operable to accomplish a defined task. Examples of specific executable software tools include, but are not limited to, (i) word processing software, (ii) database software, (iii) spreadsheet software, (iv) graphic design/drawing software, and (v) flowchart/diagramming software. Such software tools may be integrated into the project organization and optimization tool or may be executable independently of the project organization and optimization tool (for example, third party, independently executable software such as Microsoft® Word® for word processing). In general, the sequence of pathway steps comprises a chronological ordering of tasks or processes required to accomplish the goal(s). 
     In general, the present invention provides a method of operating a computer to enhance, organize and/or optimize the performance/completion of a project in which a number of software tools are to be used. The computer comprises generally a processing unit in communicative connection with a memory for storing information. The computer further comprises a display for displaying information to a user and input means for input of information by the user. Both the display and the input means are in communicative connection with the processing unit. 
     The method comprises generally the step of creating a project pathway to be displayed by the display. The project pathway comprises a sequence of pathway items comprising a schedule of project progression. Among the pathway items are included pathway steps. The project pathway preferably comprises a sequence of pathway steps inserted by the user at user determined points in the project pathway (for example, ordered chronologically in terms of scheduling preference). Each pathway step comprises a link (for example, an icon) corresponding to one of a plurality of software tools. Multiple links corresponding to a particular software tool may be inserted within the project pathway. Each link (upon selection thereof) is suitable for initiating execution of the corresponding software tool. 
     The step of creating the project pathway preferably includes the steps of: (i) selecting via the input means one of the software tools and (ii) inserting the link corresponding to the selected software tool on the project pathway to create a pathway step. A list of software tools available for use is preferably included in a menu or upon a tool bar as such menus and tool bars are known in the art. Each software tool is stored in the memory and is executable by the processing unit upon the user selecting any link corresponding to the software tool displayed on the project pathway. 
     The method of the present invention also preferably includes the step of storing data input and created during execution of the software tools in the memory. The data input and created during execution of the software tool of each pathway step is associated with the corresponding link of the pathway step such that the data can be reviewed and revised upon selection of the corresponding link. 
     The method of the present invention preferably further includes the step of creating a meeting. The meeting preferably includes at least one pathway step selected by the user. A graphical representation of the meeting is preferably displayed on the display and indicates any pathway step selected to be included in the meeting. A meeting agenda software tool is preferably associated with each meeting and is executed by selecting a meeting agenda link, displayed on the display and corresponding to the meeting. The meeting agenda software tool includes a list of agenda topics to be addressed in a real-time meeting corresponding to the meeting displayed on the project pathway. 
     The present invention also provides a project optimization tool for execution on a computer as described above. The present project optimization tool comprises generally means for creating a project pathway as described above via the input means. The present project optimization tool also comprises means for associating the software tool corresponding to each link to that link such that execution of the software tool corresponding to the link is initiated by selection the link. 
     The present invention is preferably designed for real time use in meetings. The meeting agenda tool preferably interacts smoothly with the other software tools. Preferably, the meeting tool comprises means for scheduling and managing meetings, each of which meetings may include one or more pathway steps. The meeting tool also preferably comprises means to create and provide display and provide access to a meeting agenda associated with each meeting. 
     As common with many software tools designed to operate within a graphical user interface, software tools incorporated within or communicating with the present invention preferably readily exchange data, enabling copying and pasting (or &#34;drag and drop&#34; editing) of data between tools. Project files created under the present invention may be stored upon a file server for data sharing and remote cooperation. 
     The present invention provides a significant advance over the prior art, allowing individuals and groups engaged in a project involving the use of several computer-based tools to improve quality and/or productivity by planning and executing the projects processes (pathway steps) with: (1) a reduced risk of being sidetracked, (2) reduced paperwork, (3) an accessible group record of project advancement and completion and (4) rapid access to computer-based tools required to complete the project. 
     Scheduling and record-keeping are greatly improved by the present invention. Instead of covering meeting room walls with flipchart paper, or spending numerous man-hours organizing results obtained using a variety of software tools, the present invention organizes such results as the project team completes them. Individual process steps are easily ordered and reordered, while keeping in view the overall scheduling and performance of the entire project. 
     The present project organization and optimization tool can be used, for example, in: process improvement, strategic planning, negotiation, product design and development, quality function deployment, work assignments, and control of routine tasks (for example, accounting and engineering/architecture). In general, the present invention is useful in any situation where it is beneficial to list the pathway steps in any process, to associate software tools with each pathway step, to attach launch buttons for each pathway step, and to record events in each pathway step, all preferably in a single window. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a digital computer for use with the present invention. 
     FIG. 2A is a screen capture illustrating an embodiment of a project pathway window under the present invention. 
     FIG. 2B is a screen capture illustrating the embodiment of FIG. 2A in which the project pathway has been edited to include a number of stages and pathway steps within the agenda of Meeting #1. 
     FIG. 2C is a screen capture illustrating editing of the project pathway of FIG. 2B in which a pathway step described by the text &#34;Flowchart the Process&#34; has been moved to a later stage of the process. 
     FIG. 2D is a screen capture illustrating the project pathway window of FIG. 2C in which the &lt;Pathway&gt; menu item has been selected. 
     FIG. 3 is a Venn Diagram which describes a conceptual model underlying one embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 4A is a portion of screen capture illustrating an embodiment of a meeting agenda display created by a meeting tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 4B is another portion of the meeting agenda display of FIG. 4A illustrating the meeting agenda topics automatically created by positioning of the meeting inclusion bar as illustrated in FIG. 2B. 
     FIG. 4C illustrates the automatic changes in the meeting agenda topics arising after editing of the project pathway as illustrated in FIG. 2C. 
     FIG. 5A is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a brainstorm/affinity diagram tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 5B is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a cause &amp; effect diagram tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 5C is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a force field diagram tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 5D is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a flowchart tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 5E is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a consensus builder tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 5F is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a data analyst tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 5G is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a form tool under the present invention. 
     FIG. 5H is an illustration of a display associated with an embodiment of a graphical slide show tool under the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Although the present invention is suitable for use with any number of software tools for completing essentially any type of project, a number of details of the present invention will be discussed in connection with an embodiment thereof for use with a number of software tools designed to effect total quality management techniques. 
     Preferably, the present project organization and optimization tool comprises a method and tool executable on a digital computer (for example, an IBM® compatible personal computer). As illustrated in FIG. 1, such a digital computer 1 generally comprises at least one processing unit 5 in communicative connection with one or more memory units 10 for storing information or data. Digital computer 1 also generally comprises a display 15 such as a CRT for displaying information to an operator and one or more means for input of data, such as a keyboard 20 and/or a mouse 25. 
     As depicted in FIG. 2A, a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises a project pathway window 30 operating as a computer software graphical user interface (GUI) such as that designed to operate under the Microsoft® Windows® interface. Project pathway window 30 exhibits many of the standard features common to Windows applications. Such features will not be described in detail as they are well documented and widely understood in the art. For example, such features are described in detail in Windows 3.1 or Windows 95 developer&#39;s manuals. Programming the Windows 95 User Interface by Nancy Cluts and Programming Windows 3.1 by Charles Petzold are examples of such developers manuals. Windows standards and user interface specifications are also set forth in The Windows Interface, ISBN 1-55615-439-9, available from Microsoft Press. Moreover, Windows standards, specifications and utilities are described in Microsoft Developers Network CD-ROMs, available from Microsoft Corporation. 
     Project pathway window 30 preferably includes a menu bar 35 as typically associated with a standard GUI such as Windows or Windows 95. Project pathway window 30 also preferably provides the user or operator with control buttons located on a toolbar 40 typically associated with a standard GUI such as Windows 3.1 or Windows 95. As illustrated in FIG. 2A, tool bar 40 preferably, includes, for example: (i) a save button 41 for saving user-created software files to memory means 10 such as to disk storage, (ii) a print button 42 for printing selected items, (iii) a cut button 43 for cutting selected items from the current window, and placing them on a software &#34;clipboard,&#34; (iv) a copy button 44 for copying selected items to the software clipboard, leaving the copied item in place, (v) a paste button 45 for pasting an item from the clipboard to a place selected by the user, and (vi) a help button 56 for launching or initiating execution of a context-sensitive help application. 
     The embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 2A through 2D also preferably includes control buttons 46-55 which, while their specific functions are unique to the present invention, nonetheless have a base set of characteristics in common with other control buttons typical to their GUI. In that regard, each of control buttons 46-55 may be activated by selecting the desired control button with an input or selection device such as mouse 25. When activated, each of control buttons 46-55 causes a change of state within the computer software which remains in effect until some additional user action de-activates that state. 
     The interior of window 30 in FIGS. 2A through 2D preferably contains a project pathway 50. Project pathway 50 may include, for example, items or components of the types represented by components 57-65. These components will be described in detail below. 
     Before discussing these various components in detail, however, a preferred structure of project pathway 50 will be discussed with reference to FIG. 3. In that regard, FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred organizational structure of several preferred elements of the present project optimization tool. 
     In general, the present organization and optimization tool presupposes the existence of a project 100 comprising a series of tasks to be performed to achieve a desired result or goal. For each project 100, a project pathway 101 is created using the present organization and optimization tool. Project pathway 101 is an algorithm or methodology for organizing and improving processes, solving problems, planning strategy, or in some way accomplishing work. Project pathway 101 preferably includes all the tasks/work to be completed from the inception of project 100 to its completion. Preferably, standard project pathway templates are provided for use as is or for modification. However, not all projects 100 must follow similar project pathways 101. Thus, project pathway templates need not be used, and if used, may be readily modified as the user(s) feel appropriate to accommodate their circumstances. User-customized project pathways may be saved as templates for future use. 
     Project pathway 101 preferably comprises stages 60 and pathway steps 103. Typically, stages 60 are used to group pathway steps 103, and are somewhat analogous to headings in an outline or to comments in computer code. Stages 60 thus function to allow the user to keep a hierarchical perspective of overall progress along project pathway 101. A hierarchy of stages 60 (for example, similar to the hierarchy of heading is an outline) may also be easily created. Stages 60 need not contain pathway steps 103, however, and are not required in a project pathway. 
     In many projects, much of the work is done by groups or teams, often requiring a series of team meetings. Preferably, the present optimization tool comprises means for organizing groups of pathway steps 103 and/or stages 60 into meetings. Meetings 104 are preferably incorporated into project pathway 101 and can include one or more pathway steps 103 and/or stages 60. Preferably, display of meetings 104 does not, however, supersede display of pathway steps 103 or stages 60 comprising a meeting. In that regard, the pathway is preferably essentially &#34;flat.&#34; All pathway items preferably appear in the display, with nothing hidden or contained in something else. 
     As clear to one skilled in the art, however, various portions (for example, stages) of pathway 101 may be &#34;collapsible&#34; to &#34;hide&#34; the items grouped thereunder until &#34;expanded&#34; by the user(s). In collapsing a portion of pathway 101, the user first selects a portion of pathway 101 to be collapsed (for example, a stage or a group of stages). As known in the art, by selecting a provided control button (not shown) such as a minus sign, the user is enabled to collapse the selected portion of pathway 101. The view of pathway 101 is then preferably automatically edited to eliminated the shapes, icons, text etc. associated with the collapsed portion of pathway 101. A new view of pathway 101 is preferably generated that includes a symbol representing the collapsed portion of pathway 101. The user is preferably provided with a text area or box in which the user may input text to identify the collapsed portion. A control button such as a plus sign is preferably provided to enable the collapsed portion to be &#34;expanded&#34; to its original state. Upon selection of the expansion control button associated with a particular collapsed portion, the pathway view is preferably automatically edited to redisplay the shapes, icons, text etc. originally depicted in that portion of pathway 101. 
     With reference to FIG. 2A, project pathway 50 includes pathway components 57-65. Control buttons 46-55 are preferably used to create project pathway components 57-65 as described below. 
     Project Information 
     Project pathway 50 preferably includes, as its first component or item, a project information form tool, which is opened by selecting the project information form tool launch button 57. The user may complete this form, wherein the user may assign a name to the project, list people involved in the project, and/or record other information relevant to the project. Other software tools associated with the present invention may reference and use such information. Preferably, a brief project description is entered into a description area 62. 
     Stages 
     Selection of stage creation button 47 initiates creation of a stage 60 in project pathway 50. Drag and drop technology may be employed so that new stage 60, indicated by a draggable symbol or icon, may be placed at a desired point in pathway 50 (for example, as determined by a pointing device such as mouse 25). Alternatively, selection of stage creation button 47 may result in insertion of a stage 60 at a previously chosen position (for example, subsequent to a pathway step 103 selected/highlighted via mouse 25) within pathway 50. As discussed above, stages 60 are essentially descriptive and preferably comprise an editable text area 20. Although not required, stages 60 are useful to summarize the information of the pathway steps grouped under stages 60, thereby providing an overall view or summary of collective parts of the project. Three stages 60 are illustrated in FIGS. 2A through 2D. Stages 60 in FIGS. 2A through 2D are described by text areas 20 as follows: (i) &#34;Team Preparation&#34;; (ii) &#34;Define the Improvement Opportunity&#34;; and (iii) &#34;Identify Problems in the Process&#34;. The Define the Improvement Opportunity stage is shown to be selected or highlighted in FIG. 2A. 
     Steps 
     Pathway steps 103 are the operative building blocks of project pathway 50. Each pathway step 103 preferably comprises three components: a) an editable text area 64A in which a brief description of the task to be performed can be entered (for example, using keyboard 20), b) a tool-launch/link button or symbol 64B, preferably comprising a descriptive tool symbol or icon, and c) a status indication area 61 which indicates, for example, whether the corresponding pathway step 103 is completed. Status indication area 61 may, for example, be a two-state check-box indicating whether a pathway step 103 is completed or uncompleted. In FIG. 2C, for example, the three pathway steps under the &#34;Team Preparation&#34; stage are indicated by an &#34;x&#34; to be completed. As clear to one skilled in the art, however, numerous other methods of indicating the status of pathway steps 103 are possible. For example, a percentage of completion may be set forth in status indication area 61. Additionally, projected and actual beginning dates and completion dates may be entered to allow construction and display of Gantt charts as known in the art. 
     Pathway steps 103 are preferably created using pathway step creation buttons 48-54. As with stages 60, a desired pathway step 103 may be created by selecting the corresponding pathway step creation button. As with stages, well-known drag and drop methods may be used to place a pathway step 103 at a desired point in pathway 50. Likewise, selection of the appropriate pathway step creation button can result in creation of a corresponding pathway step 103 at a previously selected position within pathway 50 as described above in connection with stage creation button 47. 
     In FIGS. 2A through 2D, pathway step creation buttons 48-54 represent well known types of software tools used in total quality management techniques, including: a brainstorm/affinity pathway step creation button 48, a cause-and-effect diagram pathway step creation button 49, a flowchart pathway step creation button 50, a consensus builder pathway step creation button 51, a force field analysis pathway step creation button 52, a data analyst pathway step creation button 53, a slide show pathway step creation button 54, and a form pathway step creation button 55. A user could, for example, select flowchart pathway step creation button 50 resulting in incorporation of the corresponding symbol or icon into pathway 50 at a desired point, thereby creating a new pathway step 103 with standard pathway step components elements 61, 64, and 65. A single software tool may be associated with numerous pathway steps 103 within pathway 50, each such pathway step 103 preferably being associated with unique data. 
     The software tools available in creating pathway steps 103 of the present invention may be integrally included within the code of the present project optimization and organization tool upon compilation thereof. All data entered in creating pathway 50 and all data entered into and created by the software tools integrally included within the code of the present tool (and associated with pathway steps 103 of pathway 50) are preferably stored in a single file. 
     One or more of software tools (for example, third party software tools such as Microsoft Excel® or Microsoft Access®), which are executable separately and independently from the present tool may also be incorporated as pathway steps 103 in the present invention. The incorporation of such software tools can be accomplished via a number of methods. Two such methods allow the user to launch such a software tool much like the method via which the Microsoft Windows File Manager (or its equivalent) launches programs (that is, by making use of a file extension association database). In that regard, within Microsoft Windows there is a database that stores associations between executable files (that is, software tools) and &#34;.xxx&#34; file name extensions. For example, files with a &#34;.TXT&#34; extension are typically associated with Notepad, files with a &#34;.DOC&#34; extension are associated with Microsoft Word, etc. 
     In the present invention, a special pathway item may be created (via, for example, a user-created button on toolbar 40 or via the pathway menu) which represents or denotes a separately compiled and separately executable software tool. The creation of such buttons or icons is well known in the art. Once the pathway item is created via selection of the button, a file choice dialog box (as familiar in the art) is preferably displayed, allowing the user to specify the name and location of the file to be called by the pathway step launch button associated with the software tool. 
     Selecting the launch button causes the present project organization and optimization tool to 1) read the specified file name and extension, 2) look up the extension in the file association database in Windows and read the associated application&#39;s main executable file, 3) run the executable file (that is, the software tool), and 4) read in the data of the specified file. The application launches outside the present tool in a new window. Likewise, the specified file opened exists outside of the present tool. If a data file or executable software tool file referenced by the present tool is deleted or moved, attempting to launch the filename preferably results in an error message indicating that the specified data file or software tool could not be found. 
     A second method is similar to that described above. Instead of adding a pathway step from menu bar 35 or toolbar 40 of the present tool, the user can drag a file from the Windows File Manager or its equivalent and drop it at a desired position in pathway window 30. Alternatively, the user could use the Edit &gt;&gt; Copy function in File Manager and an Edit &gt;&gt; Paste function in the present tool. Otherwise, the second method functions as described above for the first method. 
     A third method makes use of Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) technology. A detailed discussion of OLE is provided in Chapter 11 of Microsoft Corporation&#39;s Windows Interface Guidelines for Software Design. Under this method, the present tool is a container OLE document in which other OLE compliant formats may be included and edited within the confines of the present tool. Such functionality is preferably provided throughout the present tool. Within pathway 50, for example, the user may use a menu item (such as &#34;Pathway &gt;&gt; Add Object&#34;) to call a standard Windows Insert Object dialog box and specify the insertion of a Microsoft Word document onto pathway 50. (See, for example, FIG. 2D.) If the user selects the launch button associated with this Microsoft Word document, a new window is displayed within the present tool, allowing the user to edit text exactly as would be possible within the Microsoft Word application itself. The data entered is preferably stored in the project file of the present tool, which (as described above) may include data from software tools integral to the code of the present tool. 
     In general, each project pathway step 103 preferably has a corresponding object in memory that stores information about that pathway step. The object can exist in RAM or on a storage device such as a hard drive. The object preferably contains all the information needed to recreate pathway step 103. This information includes the name of pathway step 103, its completion state, and the type of software tool it is. When the user presses a tool launch button corresponding to pathway step 103, the present tool reads the software tool type and brings up the view which is associated with that software tool type. That view then reads in the data (if any) that has been associated with that tool and displays the data in the active window. The data associated with the software tool of a particular pathway step comprises that data entered and/or created in executing the software tool to accomplish the task corresponding to the pathway step. For example, flowchart pathway steps launch a flowchart view, which reads in specific data items such as circles, squares, connections, colors etc. used in flowcharting. 
     Meetings 
     In addition to the creation of pathway stages 60 and pathway steps 103, the present project organization and optimization tool preferably includes means for creating meetings comprising, for example, meeting creation button 46. Meeting creation button 46 may be used to initiate the creation of a meeting agenda as described below in connection with FIGS. 4A through 4C. As described above for stages 60 and pathway steps 103, in one embodiment the user may move the cursor into pathway window 30 to select a beginning point (for example, directly above a certain stage 60 or a certain pathway step 103) for the meeting at any point in project pathway 50. Upon selection of meeting creation button 46, a meeting beginning point is inserted at that point. Subsequent to selecting the beginning point of the meeting the user is preferably provided with means to select an ending point for the meeting. The beginning point and the ending point of the meeting encompass pathway stages 60 and pathway steps 103 to be performed and/or discussed in the meeting. 
     Preferably, a graphical representation of a meeting is indicated on pathway 50 by, for example, a meeting inclusion bar or bracket 59. Preferably, the extent or agenda of a meeting can be defined by selecting and dragging a lower end 59A of meeting inclusion bar 59 to encompass pathway stages 60 and pathway steps 103 to be included in the meeting. When lower end 59A of meeting bar 59 is released, all pathway steps above lower end 59A of the meeting bar 59 but below the meeting agenda pathway step are preferably automatically included in the meeting agenda. A pathway step 103 may also be included in a meeting by inserting such pathway step 103 into an existing meeting by inserting (or, for example, cutting and pasting) such pathway step 103 after the first item in the meeting (the meeting agenda item) and before the last item in the meeting. Once again, such pathway step 103 is preferably automatically included in the meeting agenda. 
     Comparing FIGS. 2A and 2B, for example, lower end 59A of meeting inclusion bar 59 has been extended in FIG. 2B such that Meeting #1 includes stages 60 described by the text &#34;Team Preparation&#34; and &#34;Define the Improvement Opportunity&#34;, respectively. A meeting agenda 65 associated with the Meeting #1 is illustrated in FIGS. 4A and 4B. FIG. 4B illustrates the automatic inclusion of stages 60 and pathway steps 103 encompassed within meeting inclusion bar 59 as agenda topics. As illustrated, meeting agenda 65 preferably allows the user to fill in details such as time, location, attendees, leaders and non-pathway items. Some of such information can be taken automatically from other resources of the present tools, such as from the project information tool. 
     Meeting agenda 65 corresponding to a particular meeting may preferably be opened at any time via selecting agenda launch button 58 associated with that meeting. Preferably, each meeting may also be described in an editable text area 63 as illustrated in FIGS. 2A through 2D. As with other software tools, editable text area 63 is preferably positioned beside agenda launch button 58. When meetings are held, attendees may preferably use project pathway 50 in concert with meeting agenda 65 to launch tools corresponding to pathway steps 103 which are included in the meeting. Discussion points, decisions, and action items may be recorded. Meeting agenda 65 may thus become the minutes of the meeting. These minutes may be reviewed at any time by activating meeting agenda launch button 58 associated with a given meeting. Project pathway 50 may preferably contain an unlimited number of different meeting agendas 65, each comprising distinct data associated with its corresponding meeting agenda launch button 58 and meeting inclusion bar 59. 
     In addition to storing information required to recreate a pathway step 103, each pathway step 103 also preferably stores data regarding its inclusion (if any) in a meeting. If a particular pathway step 103 is included in a meeting, that pathway step occupies a row in meeting agenda 65, functioning essentially as a record in a meeting database. In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4C, each pathway step 103 references data for the following fields: topic, time allotted, preparation required, notes, and action items. Table 1 sets forth a brief summary of data preferably included in memory regarding a flowchart software tool. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Flowchart Information          Meeting Agenda Information______________________________________Circles        TopicSquares        TimeDiamonds       Preparation RequiredConnections    Notes--             Action Items______________________________________ 
    
     When a pathway step 103 is added to a meeting, the meeting item references that pathway step&#39;s agenda information (if any). This reference/association allows the pathway step&#39;s agenda information to be modified in the agenda form. Then, if that pathway step is moved or copied, the agenda information remains intact. When the meeting item is displayed, it takes the agenda information from each included pathway step and displays this information on the meeting agenda form. Comparing FIGS. 2B and 2C, the pathway step corresponding to &#34;Flowchart the Process&#34; has been cut from the Define the Improvement Opportunity stage and pasted into the Identify Problems in the Process stage (that is, removed from the scope of Meeting #1). As illustrated in FIG. 4C, meeting agenda 65 associated with Meeting #1 is preferably automatically edited to remove the cut pathway step from the agenda topics. Preferably, however, any agenda information that had been entered in meeting agenda 65 regarding the cut pathway step would be stored in association with that pathway step and automatically appear in any meeting into which that pathway step was inserted. 
     Document/View Architecture 
     In one embodiment, the present invention incorporates the document/view architecture set forth in Microsoft Foundation Class (MFC) 4.0. Visual C++ and MFC 4.0 standards, specifications and utilities are described, for example, in Microsoft Visual C++ Version 4.0 on CD-ROM, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. Under this architecture, the document stores the information about the project and the view displays this information. The main part of document class of the present invention (designated, for example as CPathMakerDoc) is an array of software tools. These software tools are derived from the base class (designated, for example, as CPathwayItem). CPathwayItem contains information needed by all meetings, steps, and stages. Table 2 describes this information. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________CString m.sub.-- sDescription             The tool&#39;s descriptionMeetingStatus m.sub.-- MeetingStatus             An enumerated type that             specifies if the tool is part             of meeting. It can have one             of the following values:MeetingNone       The tool is not in a meetingMeetingOnly       The Meeting Tool is the only             tool in the meetingMeetingStart      The Meeting Tool is the start             of the tool, the next item(s) in             the list are also in the meetingMeetingMiddle     The Tool is a tool in the             middle of a meetingMeetingEnd        The Tool is the last tool in             the meetingBOOL m.sub.-- Complete             True if the tool&#39;s completion             checkbox is checkedToolType m.sub.-- ToolType             Describes the type of tool.             It can have one of the             following values:ProjectLine       Project Information Tool-Top             line in the Pathway.MeetingLine       Meeting Agenda ToolStageLine         Stage LineToolLine          Step Line______________________________________ 
    
     The project pathway view class (designated, for example CPathwayView) uses the array of CPathwayItems to display the pathway window. All other views have their own view classes, for example, CBrainView for a brainstorm tool and CCauseView for a cause &amp; effect diagram tool. Each of these views are derived from CShapeView which is derived from MFC&#39;s CScrollView. All CShapeViews contain a pointer to the CPathwayItem which it is displaying. For example, the CPathwayItem for CBrainView&#39;s points to a CBrianTool. CBrainTool is derived from CPathwayItem but it also contains information needed to represent the brainstorm Tool. 
     The meeting tool (designated, for example CMeetingTool) determines what items belong to it by first locating itself in the array of CPathwayItems. If its m --  MeetingStatus is equal to MeetingOnly, it determines that there are no items in the meeting. Otherwise the meeting tool looks at each of the following items in the array, adding them to the meeting tool until the array item&#39;s m --  MeetingStatus is equal to MeetingEnd. 
     When the user selects/presses a tool link or activation button in the project pathway, the CPathwayView determines the CPathwayItem that corresponds to the button pressed. It then looks at all open views comparing this CPathwayItem to the CPathwayItem stored in each view. If they are equal, the view is brought to the top, otherwise, the view for the tool selected is opened and displayed. 
     The present tool thereby provides a single window interface in which the user(s) can construct a chronological pathway, track progress toward stated goals, launch software tools necessary to achieve such goals, launch instructional slide shows, fill in forms, prepare meeting agendas, and prepare reports of project highlights. The source code for operation of an embodiment of the present project organization and optimization tool is set forth in the Appendix hereto. 
     A number of software tools preferably included in a TQM tool under the present invention are described below. 
     TQM SOFTWARE TOOLS 
     The present inventors have determined that to provide thorough utility, a project optimization tool which purports to support quality improvement activities preferably provides one or more of the following: 
     1. &#34;Just-in-time training&#34; on demand, in major areas of TQM methods; 
     2. Integration of the common creative and analytical process improvement tools; 
     3. A means (that is, a software tool) for rapid data collection and analysis suitable for use by non-statisticians; and 
     4. Support for project scheduling, planning, and organizing, including support therein for meeting scheduling/planning. 
     A brief description of software tools preferably included in one embodiment of the present invention is set forth below. 
     Brainstorm/Affinity Diagram Tool 
     With reference to FIG. 5A, and as known in the art, a brainstorm/affinity tool combines two important creative processes in a split window 300. A brainstorm portion 305 permits easy recording of creative ideas that answer a central question. It is designed to allow the team recorder to keep pace with group thinking. Using, for example, a &#34;drag and drop&#34; technique, ideas can then be sorted into groups in an affinity diagram 310. Like the brainstorm, affinity groups preferably grow to accommodate any number of ideas. All ideas are preferably fully editable, as are the central question and affinity set headers. Data from the brainstorm/affinity tool preferably may be used to start a cause &amp; effect diagram or for voting in a consensus builder as described below. 
     Cause &amp; Effect Diagram 
     A cause &amp; effect diagram tool captures the simple power of the cause &amp; effect or Ishikawa diagram. The traditional fishbone shape is preferably replaced by a right-angled structure as illustrated in FIG. 5B. The right-angled structure is generally easier to construct, read, and use. Zooming in and out (accomplished as known in the art) permits viewing either the &#34;forest or the trees,&#34; and branches can preferably be collapsed and expanded, for example, using control button 405. A diagram 410 may preferably be built from scratch or from data copied from a brainstorm or affinity diagram (by, for example, cutting and pasting). The tree can flow from left to right or in the reverse direction. This tool can also be used as a tree diagram, a contingency planner, a classifier, and an organization chart maker. 
     Force Field Diagram 
     Developed by the American social psychologist Kurt Lewin, a force field diagram 500 helps in decision-making or contingency planning. Force field diagram 500 as illustrated in FIG. 5C is designed upon the idea that forces--habits, customs, attitudes--both drive and restrain change. As illustrated in FIG. 5C, force field diagram 500 is constructed with driving forces 505 on the left and restraining forces 510 on the right. All of this information is entered by the project team and is preferably fully editable. Force field diagram 500 can help a team make wiser decisions about implementing change. The balance structure also allows the tools to be used to list pros and cons, strengths and weaknesses, actions and reactions, and so on. 
     Flowchart 
     With a flowchart tool as illustrated in FIG. 5D, one can easily create both flow diagrams 600 or interrelationship webs. Symbols 605 offered in the flowchart tool preferably include rectangles, circles, ovals, diamonds, squares, delays and clouds. Colors and text characteristics can preferably be specified by the user. Shapes are preferably automatically resizable to fit text. 
     Consensus Builder 
     The purpose of a consensus builder tool as illustrated in FIG. 5E is to help project teams to discover &#34;shared thoughts&#34; through voting and discussion. The consensus builder tool helps teams reduce long lists, choose the best options, and reach the point where a well-considered decision can be made. A unique matrix 650 that is the framework for the consensus builder tool preferably allows multi-voting, simple rating, and multi-criteria rating in a single tool. The present design minimizes the conformity effect and offers rapid iterative voting, anonymity, and quick overall tallies or results. It also encourages the taking of notes respecting each alternative being considered, and flags divisive issues. 
     Data Analyst 
     The data analyst tool as illustrated in FIG. 5F provides the capability to integrate actual process data with the management and planning tools provided. Collection of data is preferably done via flexible spreadsheet templates. Sorting and stratification functions preferably allow for the automated generation of run charts, scatter plots, histograms, Pareto charts, and numerous common control charts. Guidelines for both data collection and interpretation are preferably given in simple language, which assumes no prior knowledge of statistical process control (SPC). Data used in the data analyst can preferably be copied to and from other software tools, including major spreadsheet and database software packages. 
     Forms 
     FIG. 5G provides an example of one of many standard forms 700 easily made available within the present invention. Form 700 illustrated in FIG. 6, corresponds with the form tool pathway step described with the text &#34;Define the Boundaries of the Process&#34; in FIGS. 2A through 2D. Such forms 700 may, for example, comprise guiding questions or information to which the project team may enter responses. Forms 700 are preferably designed to help project teams or individuals step through pathways 50 in an optimal thought sequence. Forms 700 may be placed on pathway 50 ahead of time or inserted as needed. All the information entered on form 700 is preferably editable. Preferably, a number of predefined form templates are provided within the present invention. The present invention also preferably allows the user to create and use custom form templates that reflect the unique approach or interests of a project team or an organization. 
     Slide Shows 
     Each software tool and pathway 50 of the present invention also preferably includes a graphical tool enabling the viewing of training/educational slides. A slide show corresponding to pathway 50 or a particular software tool is preferably launched via a slide show launch button 805 on tool bar 40 of pathway 50 or a particular software tool. For example, FIG. 5H illustrates one frame 810 of a slide show corresponding to a Defining the Process Boundaries form tool as illustrated in FIG. 5G. One of the classic problems of quality training, for example, has been the lag between training and action. Slide shows provide just-in-time training on a wide variety of subjects, covering everything from the basics of quality improvement and teamwork to how to use each software tool. Slide shows may preferably be launched from pathway 50 or from toolbar 40. One may preferably move through the slide show at one&#39;s own pace (for example, via control buttons 820A through 820D as known in image viewing software arts) and exit at any time. As illustrated in FIG. 5H, each slide of a slide shows may comprise images as well as text. 
     Although the present invention has been described in detail in connection with the above examples, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention except as it may be limited by the following claims. ##SPC1##