Abstract:
Nucleosides and/or nucleotides are added to infant formula, both milk and non-milk based, to provide a formula having enhanced physiological properties and also closely resemble human milk. Additionally, nutritionally balanced diet formulations are described having nucleosides and/or nucleotides incorporated therein.

Description:
This is a division of application Ser. No. 055,858, filed Jun. 1, 1987, and now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART 
     The present invention relates to the composition of, and processes for making, products for infant formulas and for nutritional products suitable for both infants and adults, and particularly for clinical nutrition. These products may be administered orally or by enteral feeding tubes. These products are enriched with specific nucleosides, nucleotides, or mixtures thereof. 
     Infant formulas are derived, to a large extent, from cow&#39;s milk. After being diluted, the cow&#39;s milk is enriched with whey proteins, diverse carbohydrates, such as lactose, dextrinmaltose and starches, different mixtures of vegetal and animal fats, vitamins and minerals. These components are present in suitable amounts to meet the requirements of low birth weight newborns or those of at term healthy infants during the first and second semester of life. 
     Sometimes, infant formulas contain isolated milk proteins, isolated vegetable proteins or protein hydrolyzates, from different origins such as casein, lactalbumin, soy and meat. Also, these infant formulas have one or more carbohydrates (sucrose, dextrinmaltose and starch), mixtures of diverse kind of fats, minerals and vitamins, to meet not only the healthy newborns&#39; nutritional requirements, but also of infants and children with clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance, protein intolerance and, in general, with diverse malabsorption-malnutrition syndromes. 
     The European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (ESPGAN), the American Academy of Pediatric (AAP), the Codex Alimentarius Mundi, and the European Community Council, among other organizations, have given general rules for the composition of infant formulas (ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition, Acta Paed Scand, Supl 262. 1977: ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition, Acta Paed Scand, Supl 287, 1981: ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition. Acta Paed Scand, Supl 302, 1982; ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition. Acta Paed Scand. Supl 330, 1987; AAP Committee on Nutrition, Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 1979; AAP Committee on Nutrition, Pediatrics, 75, 976, 1985: EEC Council. 85/C 28/05 COM (84) 703 final, 1985; EEC Council, 86/C 124/06 COM/86 91 final, 1986 Codex Alimentarius Mundi, Codex Stan 72-1981). 
     As used herein, the term &#34;infant formulas&#34; is intended to refer to the well established understanding as defined by ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition, Acta Paed Scand, supl 262, pg 3, supra. and also the American Academy of Pediatrics (Pediatrics, Vol 57 no 2, pg 281, February 1976). 
     In general, infant formulas tend to have a composition qualitatively and quantitatively as similar as possible to human milk. Nevertheless, despite the efforts made by several researchers, infant formulas still have a number of differences in their composition compared to human milk. This is because the latter has many substances, such as immunoglobulins, free amino acids, polyamines, nucleotides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, etc, which are not present in cow&#39;s milk. Thus, it would be desirable that infant milk formulas have most of the substances present in human milk so as to produce the same physiological effects as human milk. 
     Nutritional products, such as those currently used in hospitals, special or for dietary purposes, are based on the utilization of diverse protein sources (casein, sodium and calcium caseinate, isolated soy protein, protein hydrolyzates and/or crystalline amino acids) mixtures of vegetable and animal fats, carbohydrates (basically glucose polymers), vitamins and minerals to meet, at least, the dietary intakes recommended for healthy individuals (Committee on Dietary Allowances, Food and Nutrition Board, Nat Acad Sci, 9th Ed. 1980). 
     Protein energy malnutrition (PEM) is found in many patients admitted to hospitals. This happens not only in developing countries, but also in those with a high socioeconomic level where the percentages of medical-surgical patients vary between 40-50 % (Bistrian et al. JAMA, 235, 1567,1976; G. Hill et al. Lancet, 1, 689, 1977; Gassull et al. Human Nutr: Clin Nutr, 38C, 419, 1984). Proper nutritional support for such patients, while not a primary mode of treatment is, nevertheless, an important factor for therapy and recovery. It is, therefore important to administer a nutritionally balanced diet given orally, enterally or parenterally, adequate to the needs of the patient. This is especially true for those patients where conventional feeding is contraindicated (gastroenterological patients) or is insufficient (hypercatabolic patients). The enteral or oral mode of administration of foods is preferable to parenteral modes (E. Cabre and M. A. Gassull, J. Clin Gastroenterol Nutr. 1, 97, 1986) because of the lower morbidity, trophic effect upon the intestinal mucose, lower necessity for instruments and lower costs. 
     Nutritional products for proper diets associated with parenteral administration should be formulated to meet the requirements of the individual needs in specific situations. Thus, complete balanced diets with an energy content between 130-150 Kcal/g nitrogen, are recomended for the preventive and repletive therapy in cases of PEM due to nervous anorexy, esophageal stenosis, maxillofacial surgery, chronic vasculo-cerebral disease, long evolution neurological syndromes, vascular surgery postoperative period, malabsorption syndromes, preoperative period, complete intestinal oclusion, preparation of colon (surgery, radiology and endoscopy) and, in general, in all cases when it is necessary to take a balanced diet of nutrients. Diets with a high content of nitrogen (80-120 Kcal/g nitrogen) are recommended for the nutritional therapy of burn patients or patients suffering cranial trauma, multiple trauma, open fractures, Crohn disease, ulcerous colitis, digestive fistula, sepsis, oncology surgery. oncological radiotherapy and chemotherapy, pre-and postoperative periods, orthopedic surgery, and, in general, for catabolic patients. 
     Diets containing protein hydrolyzates as a source of amino nitrogen are specially made for the nutritional support of patients with diverse malabsorption-malnutrition syndromes, such as short bowel, acute celiac disease, Crohn disease, chronic pancreatic insufficiency, cystic fibrosis, intestinal fistulas, postoperative nutrition, and the like. 
     Futhermore, such products can be made as specific clinical diets for specific diseases, such as hepatopathies, chronic renal disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. 
     In addition, there is a variety of dietary products marketed to meet the nutritional needs of various individuals. For example, many individuals desirous of achieving variyng degrees of weight loss, may benefit from the use of a special nutrition diet formulations to provide specific nutrients otherwise provided by a normal diet. Likewise, many people find it necessary to supplement their daily diet with additional nutrients due to age, allergy or physical afflictions. 
     As used herein, the term &#34;nutritionally balanced diet formulations&#34; is intended to refer to the above type of products. 
     Currently marketed nutrition products do not contain nucleic acids or their simpler compounds, either nucleosides and/or nucleotides, which are normally present in foods and carry out fundamental physiological functions, described further on. 
     In relation to the nutritional importance of nucleotides, some relevant aspects of these compounds such as their content in human milk, physiological effects in newborns, intestinal absorption, tissue utilization and effects upon cell immunity are shown below. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,544,559 teaches that human milk has a specific nucleotide content, very different from cow&#39;s milk. Human milk contains, at least, twelve different nucleotides, predominating cytidine monophosphate (CMP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), uridine monophosphate (UMP), guanosine monophosphate (GMP), inosine monophosphate (IMP) and uridine derivatives, whereas cow&#39;s milk has very low amounts of CMP and AMP; it lacks the other nucleotides and has high amounts of orotic acid, which is absent in human milk. 
     Also, U.S. Pat. No. 4,544,559 teaches that a humanized milk enriched with nucleotides AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP and IMP in the same range as human milk, stimulates the development of Bifidobacterium bifidum Ti at the intestinal level. This bacterium comprises 80% of the total bifidobacteria present in the feces of breast-fed newborns. Furthermore, this humanized milk promotes serum fatty acid profile very similar to that found in newborns fed with human milk. 
     Ziro et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,231,385 describes infant milk formulas supplemented with certain nucleotides to simulate human milk, improve the milk taste and lower the curd tension. 
     Nucleotides can be synthesized in most tissues by two processes: (a) de novo synthesis from the precursors which include pirophosphoribosilphosphate, glutamine, aspartate, glycine, formiate and carbon dioxide and (b) utilization of bases and the nucleosides liberated through the catabolism of nucleotides and nucleic acids contained in foods by the &#34;salvage pathway&#34; (S. Leleiko et al. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr, 2, 313, 1983). This last way is an important alternative in the synthesis of nucleotides when the biosynthetic de novo pathway is hindered by an insufficient supply of precursors. Tissues such as bone marrow, intestine and the liver are heavily dependent on the salvage pathway. The activity of the &#34;salvage pathway&#34; has also been shown demonstrated in kidney, brain L and retina (P. Mandel, Traite de biochemie generale, Polonovski, Boulanger, Lemoigne. Wurmser, eds, Masson et Cie, Paris. 1972). 
     The intestinal mucose needs a continous supply of nucleotides or their precursors from dietary origin, apart from the hepatic supply by the vascular system, in order to maintain continuous synthesis of RNA. 
     It has been confirmed in cuts made in the small intestine of rats that the exogenous adenosine triphosphate (ATP) increases the intracellular concentration of this nucleotide and it has been observed that at temperatures over 20° C. the marked exogenous ATP is absorbed by everted sacs of rat small intestine (J. Bronk and H. Leese. J. Physiol., 235, 183, 1973; J. Blair, M. Lucas and A. Matty, J. Physiol., 245. 333. 1975). Also, it has been shown in rabbit&#39;s ileum &#34;in vitro&#34; that, at low concentrations, the ATP as well as the nucleoside adenosine are absorbed through a carrier associated to the enterocyte membrane. 
     Since the carrier system works for ATP and adenosine, it is likely that the system also works for other purine nucleotides, because competitive inhibition measures have proved that any compound with a purine ring united to a ribose molecule is absorbed. (V. Harms and C. Stirling. Am. J. Physiol.. 233, E-47, 1977). 
     It has also been shown that the purines and pyrimidines in the RNA and DNA. present in the diet, are absorbed by mice, preferably as nucleosides. Between 2-5% of the nucleosides are used for nucleic acid synthesis in intestinal tissue, and citosine nucleosides are used for DNA synthesis, specially in the spleen (F. Sonoda, M. Tatibana, Biochem. Biophys. Acta, 521, 55, 1978). 
     It has also been shown that purine bases, such as adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine and xanthine are almost completely absorbed by rats. 4.5-6.5% being incorporated in tissues and in a greater proportion by the liver and intestine. 
     The absence of pyrimidine or purine derivatives in the diet is known to supress the normal function of T lymphocytes (F. Rudolph et al. Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, 165, 175. 1984), and to increase the mortality in experimental animals by staphylocoocus sepsis. The addition of pyrimidine and purine derivatives to the diet decreases the suceptibility of animals to infection (A. Kulkarni et al. JPEN, 10, 169, 1986). Thus, the effect of purines and pyrimidines on the immune function can be of great importance in a number of clinic situations, such as transplants of organs in patients, malnutrition recovery, in diverse chemotherapeutic regimens and in the treatment of leukemias derived from T cells. Accordingly, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide improved nutritionally balanced diet formulations. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide non-milk infant formulas which more closely resemble the human milk of nursing mothers and also exhibit enhanced properties. 
     Still yet a further object of the present invention is to provide improved milk based infant formulas which not only closely resemble human milk, but which are more readily absorbed by the infant gut and enhance the infant&#39;s immune response. 
     These and other objects of the present invention will become more apparent from the discussion which follows. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a range of compositions of infant formulas and clinical nutrition products enriched with nucleosides, nucleotides or mixes of these two classes of compounds and the processes for their preparation. The products are in a liquid ready to eat form, or concentrated liquid or powder. 
     According to the invention, adenosine, guanosine, cytidine, inosine, and uridine or their mixes are used as nucleosides, and adenosine phosphate, guanosine phosphate, cytidine phosphate, inosine phosphate and uridine phosphate are used as nucleotides. 
     The term uridine phosphate, guanosine phosphate, etc, is intended herein to refer collectively to the mono, di and/or tri phosphates as well as the sugar derivatives of the nucleotides mentioned. However, for various reasons which will be apparent to those knowledgeable in the art, the 5&#39;-monophosphates are preferred. 
     The supplementation of nucleosides and/or nucleotides or their mixes to infant formulas and nutrition balanced diet formulations gives a better physiological fatty acid tissue membrane composition to newborns and adult patients, an improved cell immunity and a better intestinal repair in those patients with intestinal diseases. 
     Accordingly, one embodiment of the present invention provides for a nutritionally balanced diet formulation which comprises a source of amino nitrogen, carbohydrates, edible fats, minerals, vitamins and a nucleoside/nucleotide composition containing at least one of: 
     (a) uridine, uridine phosphate or a mixture thereof; 
     (b) guanosine, guanosine phosphate or a mixture thereof: 
     (c) adenosine, adenosine phosphate or a mixture thereof; 
     (d) cytidine, cytidine phosphate or a mixture thereof; or 
     (e) inosine, inosine phosphate or a mixture thereof. 
     Thus, the formulation must contain at least one of the fifteen different possible components in an amount (based on 100 grams of dry product) equal to 1 mg. 
     Generally, the diet formulation will contain (on a dry weight basis per 100 g) from 1 to 300 mg of components selected from (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e), with a preferred range being from about 50 to about 250 mg. The optimum amount appears to be about 150 mg per 100 grams product. 
     On a liquid basis, these ranges correspond to from about 0.2 to 60 mg/dl on a general basis, and preferably about 10 to about 50 mg/dl, with the optimum being about 30 mg/dl. 
     A further embodiment of our invention provides for improved non-milk infant formulas. Such non-milk formulas are well known and generally comprise carbohydrates, a source of amino acids, vegetable oils, minerals and vitamins. According to this embodiment of the invention, there is added to such formulas at least one of uridine, uridine phosphate or mixtures thereof guanosine, guanosine phosphate or mixtures thereof; adenosine, adenosine phosphate or mixtures thereof; cytidine, cytidine phosphate or mixtures thereof: or inosine, inosine phosphate or mixtures thereof. As a minimum, at least about 0.27 mg per 100 g of product of one of the components should be added to the infant formula. Generally, the non-milk infant formulas according to the present invention require on a dry weight basis in mg per 100 grams of total weight approximaterly the following additives: 
     
         ______________________________________uridine and/or uridine phosphate                 17.40-1.86                           mg;guanosine and/or guanosine phosphate                 3.32-0.27 mg;adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate                 9.50-4.25 mg;cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate                 10-16-3.52                           mg; andinosine and/or inosine phosphate                 1.92-0.00 mg.______________________________________ 
    
     On a liquid basis, per dl, these formulation correspond as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________uridine and/or uridine phosphate                 2.62-0.28 mg;guanosine and/or guanosine phosphate                 0.50-0.04 mg;adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate                 1.43-0.64 mg;cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate                 1.53-0.53 mg; andinosine and/or inosine phosphate                 0.29-0.00 mg.______________________________________ 
    
     For reasons discussed more fully below, it may be desirable to add small amounts of L-cistine and/or carnitine to the non-milk based infant formulas. 
     As yet a further embodiment of our invention there is provided an improved infant milk formula to which is added at least one nucleoside selected from the group consisting of uridine, guanosine, adenosine, cytidine and inosine. The added nucleosides must be present in an amount about 0.27 mg per 100 grams total product on a dry basis. To provide for a closer simulation of human breast milk and also enhance absorption by the infant gut, there should be added to the infant milk formula the following ingredients for each 100 g of total weight: 
     
         ______________________________________uridine and/or uridine phosphate                 17.40-1.86                           mg;guanosine and/or guanosine phosphate                 3.32-0.27 mg;adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate                 3.75-0.00 mg;cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate                 4.58-0.00 mg; andinosine and/or inosine phosphate                 1.92-0.00 mg.______________________________________ 
    
     This of course corresponds on a liquid basis (per dl) as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________uridine and/or uridine phosphate                 2.62-0.28 mg;guanosine and/or guanosine phosphate                 0.50-0.04 mg;adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate                 0.56-0.00 mg;cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate                 0.69-0.00 mg; andinosine and/or inosine phosphate                 0.29-0.00 mg.______________________________________ 
    
     Basically, infant formulas, according to the present invention have a composition adequate for meeting the requirements of low birth weight infants, at term infants, children with lactose intolerance, children with cow&#39;s protein intolerance and/or malabsorption syndrome. 
     The infants formulas and nutritionally balanced diet products of the present invention have been found to stimulate repair and regeneration of intestinal gut cells, enhance the immune response of T-cells and provide for specific fatty acid phospholipids profiles in red blood cell membranes. 
     The use of nucleosides herein is unique to the formulations of the present invention. These materials generally have been found to be at least as effective as their corresponding nucleotides, and even more effective in providing for enhanced absorption through use of the salvage pathway in the human body. This apparently may be due to the higher water solubility of nucleosides as compared to the corresponding nucleotides. Also, nucleoside stability when used in the formulations of this invention is greater than that of the corresponding nucleotides. 
     When the nucleosides and/or nucleotides or their combinations are added to infant formulas in concentrations in the same range as human milk, according to this invention, they stimulate the conversion of essential fatty acids to their polyunsaturaded derivatives (AGPI), which is reflected in the fatty acid composition of erythrocyte membrane both in the at-term newborn and in the preterm newborn as well as in the fatty acids composition of plasma phospholipids. 
     In a study carried out by the inventors. 20 at-term newborns were fed exclusively on human milk. 19 with an infant formula and 19 with the same infant formula supplemented with nucleoside-5&#39;-monophosphates according to this invention, in similar concentrations to those of human milk. The relative content of AGPI, of the w6 series, derived from linoleic acid, as well as w3 series, derived from linolenic acid, was significantly decreased, specially in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine of the erythrocyte membrane in infants fed milk formula with respect to infants fed nucleoside-5&#39;-monophosphates supplemented milk formula or human milk. The same happened in the plasma phospholipids and cholesteryl esters. The arachidonic (20:4w6) and docosahexaenoic (22 6w3) acids were the most increased fatty acids in infants fed nucleoside-5&#39;-monophosphates supplemented milk formula, with respect to those fed milk formula. 
     In other study, 19 preterm infants were fed exclusively on human milk, 18 with an infant milk formula for prematures and 18 with the same milk formula supplemented with nucleosides-5&#39;-monophosphates in concentrations similar to those of human milk, according to this invention. At one month of life, the relative contents of eicosatrienoic acid (20:3w6). arachidonic acid (20:4w6), docosatetraenolc acid (22 4w6) and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5w6) were significantly decreased in the erythrocyte membrane phospholipids in infants fed milk formula with respect to those fed nucleoside-5&#39;-monophosphate supplemented milk formula or human milk. Also, infants fed nucleoside-5&#39;-monophosphate suplemented milk formula showed an intermediate value of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6w3) between those fed human milk and those fed milk formula. The same results were observed in the plasma phospholipids of preterm newborns. 
     The modulating effect of nucleosides and nucleotides of the diet upon cell immunity has been proved through the following method: 
     Six groups of BALB/C mice, constituted by 10 mice each, aged four weeks, weaning period, were feed with a conventional diet (Chow diet), a nucleosides and nucleotides free diet, a diet supplemented with nucleosides according to this invention, in the following proportions: 50 mg of uridine, 50 mg of guanosine, 50 mg of adenosine, 50 mg of citidine and 50 mg of inosine, a diet supplemented with nucleosides in proportions equivalent to mouse milk, a diet supplemented with 50 mg of the following nucleotides UMP, GMP, CMP, UMP according to this invention and a diet supplemented with nucleotides in proportions equivalent to mouse milk, respectively. The mice were feed during a period of four weeks, and with them we proceed with the testing of the cell immune response &#34;in vitro&#34; as response to allogeneic and syngenetic antigens using the lymphocyte mixed culture technique and quantifying the cell proliferation by the incorporation of  3  H-thymidine to DNA and secondly we proceed with the testing of the proliferation as response to phytohemaglutinin (mitogen agent) to quantify the state of lymphocyte reactivity, also with the incorporation of  3  H-thymidine. 
     The mice fed on the free nucleoside or nucleotide diets had an immune response mediated by T cells lower than the other groups having a diet supplemented with these compounds. 
     The effect of nucleosides and nucleotides of the diet on the intestinal cell proliferation and on their enzymatic activity is proved as follows: 
     Two groups of Wistar mice, of 20 animals each, from the weaning (21 days of age), are fed during two weeks, the first of them on a diet (Diet A) containing 167 g of calcium caseinate. 489.5 of corn starch, 150 g of sugar, 50 g of cellulose, 100 g of soy oil, 3 g of DL-methionin, 1.1 g of coline chloride, 38.2 g of a mineral mixture and 1.2 g of a vitamin mixture, per Kg, to satisfy the nutritional requirements of these animals. The second group was fed with a similar diet, but with lactose instead of starch (Diet B). In this second group takes place an osmotic diarrhoea because of lactose intolerance giving rise to a malnutrition-malabsorption syndrome. Both groups are divided in two subgroups of 10 animals each, the first subgroup being fed on Diet A and the second with on Diet A supplemented with 50 mg of each of the following nucleosides: uridine, guanosine, adenosine, citidine and inosine, during 4 weeks or with 50  mg of each of the following nucleotides UMP, GMP, AMP, CMP and IMP, according to this invention. 
     The animals suffering malabsorption syndrome refed on the nucleoside or nucleotide supplemented diet, according to the invention, had ileal, jejunal and duodenal mucose weights significantly superior to those fed on a diet without such compounds. Also, the proportion of cells in a mitosis state, the mucose proteins content and the maltase and sucrase enzymatic activities were significantly higher in animals fed on the nucleoside or nucleotide supplemented diet than in those fed on a free purine and pyrimidine diet. 
     Basic ingredients for infant formulas include cow&#39;s milk, protein, whey proteins, casein and its salts (i.e. calcium caseinate); soy protein isolates are substituted for milk derived proteins, and are used in the products made for infants with lactose intolerance and/or cow&#39;s protein intolerance. Protein hydrolyzates (i.e. casein and lactalbumin hydrolyzates) with low molecular weight, may also be used for the products. 
     The proportions of the diverse component nutrients are similar to those of human milk. Thus, the ratio of whey proteins to casein currently varies from 60:40 to 70:30 in infant formulas based on milk. The mixture of fats employed is made up of edible fats to provide an essential fatty acid profile. Lactose is used exclusively as the carbohydrate source for at-term newborns infants, except that dextrinmaltose is employed in products used for the treatment of lactose intolerance and malabsorption syndromes in infancy. 
     Infant formulas according to the invention contain minerals (including calcium, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, chloride, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese and iodine) and vitamins (including vitamin A, vitamin D 3 , vitamin C, vitamin B 1 , vitamin B 2 , vitamin B 6 , vitamin B 12 , pantothenic acid, vitamin E, vitamin K, folic acid, biotin) adequate for the infants, requirements. Also, in the products whose source of proteins is derived from soy or protein isolates or hydrolyzates, carnitine is included to satisfy the nutritional requirements for this compound in infants with malabsorptive syndromes. 
     The inventors of the present compositions and processes have demonstrated that the amounts of citosine, adenine, guanine, uracile and inosine derivatives in human milk vary between 1.53-0.54, 1.43-0.69, 0.50, 2.62 and 0.29-0.00 mg/dl respectively and the individual contents of CMP, AMP, GMP, UMP and IMP oscillate between 1.37-0.53, 1.19-0.64, 0.21-0.04, 0.56-0.28, 0.29-0.00 mg/dl, respectively. 
     The content of nucleosides and/or nucleotides in the infant formulas of the present invention are in the range of those for human milk. An examplary nucleoside and/or nucleotide mixture for infant formulas not containing cow&#39;s milk, according to the invention, is shown in Table I. 
     The amounts of adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate and cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate, inosine and/or inosine phosphate added to cow&#39;s milk based infant formulas, according to this invention, are lower than those shown in Table I, because cow&#39;s milk contains specific amounts of nucleosides and nucleotides. 
     In Table II an examplary mixture of nucleosides and/or nucleotides for infant milk formulas containing cow&#39;s milk is shown. 
     The dietary products for balanced nutrition, according to the present invention, have a composition of nutrients adequate to the specific requirements of not only healthy human in need of a balanced nutritional product, but also those individuals in situations of energy-protein malnutrition and in hypercatabolic states derived from traumatic, septic, surgical processes and malabsorption syndromes. 
     As nitrogenous sources, the following components are preferably employed: a mixture of dairy proteins (casein or sodium and calcium caseinates and lactose free lactalbumin) and protein hydrolyzates with low molecular weight (maximum molecular weight 1,000 daltons, average molecular weight, 500 daltons). As carbohydrate sources, glucose polymers are employed, such as dextrinmaltose with a different grade of dextrose equivalent degree, preferably between 10 and 30 DE. Fats are employed as a mixture of animal and one or more vegetable fats to meet the essential fatty acids requirements of patients. 
     Nutritional products according to the present invention provide mineral elements which include trace elements and vitamins in adequate proportions to satisfy the specific requirements of normal healthy individuals as well as those suffering malabsorption-malnutrition processes and in a hypercatabolic state. 
     The nutritional products are enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides in similar amounts of nucleotides to those present in foods. 
     An example of a nucleoside and/or nucleotide mixture for the enrichment of nutritional products is shown in Table III. On a dry weight basis, the amount of nucleosides and/or nucleotides may each vary from about 1 to about 300 mg per 100 grams of product, and preferably each ranges from about 50 to about 250 mg per 100 grams of product. On a liquid basis the amount may vary per deciliter of product from about 0.2 to about 60 mg of each nucleoside and/or nucleotide, and preferably ranges from about 10 to about 50 mg. 
     
                                           TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________Example of a characteristic mixture of nucleosides and/or nucleotides ininfant formulas, not containing cow&#39;s milk.              Powdered product                         Liquid product              Preferred                   Range Preferred                              Range              mg/100 g                   mg/100 g                         mg/dl                              mg/dl__________________________________________________________________________Uridine and/or uridine phosphate              3.42 17.40-1.86                         0.51 2.62-0.28Guanosine and/or guanosine phosphate              1.49 3.32-0.27                         0.22 0.50-0.04Adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate              6.90 9.50-4.25                         1.03 1.43-0.64Cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate              6.87 10.16-3.52                         1.03 1.53-0.53Inosine and/or inosine phosphate              1.00 1.92-0.00                         0.15 0.29-0.00__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________Example of a characteristic mixture of nucleosides and/ornucleotides in infant formulas based on cow&#39;s milk.              Powdered                      Liquid              product product              Range   Range              mg/100 g                      mg/dl______________________________________Uridine and/or uridine phosphate                17.40-1.86                          2.62-0.28Guanosine and/or guanosine phosphate                3.32-0.27 0.50-0.04Adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate                3.75-0.00 0.56-0.00Cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate                4.58-0.00 0.69-0.00Inosine and/or inosine phosphate                1.92-0.00 0.29-0.00______________________________________ 
    
     
                                           TABLE III__________________________________________________________________________Example of a characteristic mixture of nucleosides and/or nucleotides innutritionally balanced diets.              Powdered product                        Liquid product              Preferred                   Range                        Preferred                             Range              mg/100 g                   mg/100 g                        mg/dl                             mg/dl__________________________________________________________________________Uridine and/or uridine phosphate              150  1-300                        30   0.2-60Guanosine and/or guanosine phosphate              150  1-300                        30   0.2-60Adenosine and/or adenosine phosphate              150  1-300                        30   0.2-60Cytidine and/or cytidine phosphate              150  1-300                        30   0.2-60Inosine and/or inosine phosphate              150  1-300                        30   0.2-60__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     The invention also includes the process to obtain infant formulas, as well as specific diets to be used in good nutrition, enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides (FIG. 1 to 4). The products can be prepared in liquid, ready to be used, concentrated to be diluted in water before its use, and in powder forms. 
     This process comprises, in all cases, the preparation of a mixture containing water and non fat solids, except vitamins, minerals and nucleosides and/or nucleotides, followed by a preheating to 75°-80° C., deareation of the mixture, injection of the fat mixture, double homogenization at 70°-75° C. (usually 150 Kg/cm 2  in the first stage and 50 Kg/cm 2  in the second) cooling to 4°-6° C. and storage in standardization tanks. The liquid products ready for consumption or concentrates to be diluted before use, are standardized in the said tanks, adapting the pH to values generally ranging from about 6.8 to about 7.1 and most preferably ranging from about 6.8 to 7.0 for infant formulas and from about 6.9 to 7.1 for nutritional products. 
     When the products are going to be UHT sterilized and aseptically packed in containers made of carton-aluminium-polyethylene, during the standardization, the vitamins, minerals and nucleotides or nucleosides mixtures are added as concentrated aqueous solutions and the content of mineral elements is adjusted by adding the required salts. The nucleoside and/or nucleotide solutions should be maintained preferably at pH 6-6.5 to avoid them to hydrolyze. 
     Once standardized, the products for consumption in liquid or concentrated forms, are sterilized through an UHT system at 145°-150° C. for 2-4 seconds and can be either aseptically packed or bottled in glass or polyethylene bottles. In the latter case, products are standardized prior to the UHT sterilization, only in their solids contents, and the pH is adjusted to values equivalents as noted above; immediately after they are sterilized, refrigerated at 4°-6° C. and stored in standardization tanks, the vitamins, minerals and the nucleoside and/or nucleotide solutions are added: afterwards the products are reheated at 30°-70° C., packed in polyethylene or glass bottles, and sterilized in a continuous sterilizer at 120°-121° C. for 10 minutes. 
     In the case of powder products, after the phase of concentrated solids recombination, preheating, deareation, fat mixture injection, homogenization, refrigeration, final pH standardization, concentration and addition of vitamins, minerals nucleosides and/or nucleotides, the mixture is reheated to 65°-70° C., homogenized at 100-150 Kg/cm 2  and dried in a spray drier. Afterwards, the powdered product is packed in polyethylene-aluminium containers or in cans, internally coated with varnish, under inert atmosphere, or in other acceptable containers. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIGS. 1 to 3 are block diagrams illustrating the stages of the process for the preparation of the products of the invention when packaged aseptically, in bottles or in powder form. 
     FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the plant manufacturing process for preparing products of the present invention. 
    
    
     With reference to FIG. 1, there is depicted a process for the preparation and aseptic packaging of a liquid infant formula or a liquid nutritionally balanced diet formulation comprising a composition as set forth above, said process comprising the steps of: 
     (a) mixing water and non-fat solids of said composition in the absence of any vitamins, nucleosides and nucleotides; 
     (b) preheating the mixture to a temperature ranging from about 75° to about 80° C. and then deareating the heated mixture followed by adding any fats in the composition to the deareated mixture; 
     (c) homogenizing the mixture under pressure followed by cooling; 
     (d) standardizing the mixture by addition of any vitamins, minerals, nucleosides, nucleotides and other components not added in step (a), and adjusting the pH in the range of about 6.8 to about 7.1; 
     (e) UHT sterilizing the standardized mixture and subsequently homogenizing the mixture under pressure; 
     (f) cooling the homogenized mixture and aseptically packaging same. 
     With reference to FIG. 2, there is depicted a process for the preparation and bottling of a liquid infant formula or a liquid nutritionally balanced diet formulation comprising a composition as set forth above, said process comprising the steps of: 
     (a) mixing water and non-fat solids of said composition in the absence of any vitamins, nucleosides and nucleotides; 
     (b) preheating the mixture to a temperature ranging from about 75° to about 80° C. and then deareating the heated mixture followed by adding any fats in the composition to the deareated mixture; 
     (c) homogenizing the mixture under pressure followed by cooling; 
     (d) adjust the pH of the mixture in the range of about 6.8 to about 7.1, followed by UHT sterilization; 
     (e) standardizing the UHT sterilized mixture by the addition of any vitamins, minerals, nucleosides, nucleotides and other components not added in step (a) and reheating the standardized mixture to a temperature ranging from about 30° to about 70° C. and bottling the heated mixture; 
     (d) sterilizing the bottled mixture a second time to obtain a final bottled product in liquid form. 
     With reference to FIG. 3, there is depicted a process for the preparation in powder form of an infant formula or a nutritionally balanced diet formulation comprising a composition as set forth above said process comprising the steps of: 
     (a) mixing water and non-fat solids of said composition in the absence of any vitamins, nucleosides and nucleotides; 
     (b) preheating the mixture to a temperature ranging from about 75° to about 80° C. and then deareating the heated mixture followed by adding any fats in the composition to the deareated mixture; 
     (c) homogenizing the mixture under pressure followed by cooling; 
     (d) standardizing the mixture by addition of any vitamins, minerals, nucleosides, nucleotides and other components not added in step (a), and adjusting the pH in the range of about 6.8 to about 7.1; 
     (e) reheating the standardized mixture to between about 65° C. and 70° C.; 
     (f) homogenizing the reheated mixture and drying the homogenized mixture in a spray drier to obtain a final dry powder product; and 
     (g) packaging the dry powder product. 
     Referring to FIG. 4, the process is described in more detail below: 
     Through the plate heat exchanger 1, deionized water is fed to storage tanks 2, at a temperature between 60°-70° C. Through the centrifugal pump 3 and tri-blender 4 non fat solids (proteins, carbohydrates and some minerals) are dissolved being maintained the temperature at 60°-65° C. by means of a plate heat exchanger 5. 
     The resulting mixture is fed through positive pump 6 to filters 7 and plate heat exchanger 8 to be heated to 75°-80° C. for 15-20 s to get the product pasteurized; being immediately deaerated in a vacuum deaerator 9, lowering the temperature to 70°-75° C. Afterwards, the deaerated product is fed through centrifugal pump 10 and mixed with fat through fat injector 15. The mixture of fats stored in tank 12 has been fed through positive pump 13 to plate heat exchanger 14 to be heated at 70°-75° C. before reaching fat inyector 15. A retention valve 11 prevents the product which contains the non fat solids and fat to go back to the deaerator. 
     Immediately after fats are mixed to the non fat solids mixture, the product is homogenized at 16 and a temperature of about 70°-75° C. and 200-300 Kg/cm 2  of total pressure, preferably in two stages (1st 150-200 Kg/cm 2 , 2nd 50-100 Kg/cm 2 ). 
     For liquid products which are to be aseptically packaged, after homogenization 16, they are cooled to 4° to 6° C. in plate heat exchanger 17 and fed to isothermal standardizing tanks 18 where the pH is adjusted to from about 6.8 to about 7.1 depending on the product desired. Vitamins, minerals, nucleotides and/or nucleosides in the required amounts are fed to 18 and the resulting mixture is fed by pumps 19 and 20 to a UHT sterilizer 21 which is at 145°-150° C., homogenized in 22 (preferably in a double stage at 80° C. and 200-250 Kg/cm 2 ), then is cooled to 20° to 25° in heat exchanger and aseptically packaged in 36. The packing is preferably brick type of cardboard, paperboard, aluminium and polyethylene. 
     For liquid products which are to be bottled, the process is the same as above through the cooling treatment 17. Then the pH is adjusted in tanks 18 to above noted values. The mixture is fed by pumps 19 and 20 for UHT sterilization at 21 and homogenization at 22. The sterilized mixture is cooled 23 and fed directly to standardizing tanks 32 where vitamins, minerals nucleosides and/or nucleotides as required are added. From tanks 32, and by means of pump 33, the mixture is fed to reheater 34 where the temperature is raised to about 30° C. (for polyethylene bottles) to 70° C. (for glass bottles). The mixture is bottled in a filling machine 35 and subjected to sterilization 37 at a temperature of about 120°-121° C. for about 10 to 15 minutes to give a bottled product. 
     For powder products, the process is the same as first described above through homogenization 16. As shown by the dotted line, the product is fed to heat exchanger 24 and cooled to about 4° to about 6° C. and fed to isothermal standardizing tanks 25, where the pH is adjusted and the required vitamins, minerals, nucleosides and/or nucleotides are added. Then the standardized product is pumped 26 through filters 27 and fed to reheater 28 where the temperature is raised to about 65° to about 70° C., and then finally filtered 29 and homogenized 30 under a pressure of about 100°-200° Kg/cm 2 . The homogenized product is fed to a drying tower 31, spray dried and collected for packaging. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The invention is illustrated with the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     This example provides a product made to feed preterm and low-birth weight infants, enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides and according to the invention. Basically, the product is a mixture of cow&#39;s milk, demineralized serum protein, dextrinmaltose, fat mixture, mineral, vitamins and nucleosides and/or nucleotides mixtures. 
     The product has been adapted in the protein, fat carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins contents to the ESPGAN and AAP international recommendations as related to the feeding of low-birth weight infants (ESPGAN, Committee on Nutrition, Acta Paediatr. Scand., 1987 (in press); AAP, Committee on Nutrition, Pediatrics, 1985). 
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________EXAMPLE IADAPTED MILK FORMULA FOR PRETERM INFANTS                For 100 g For 100 mlIngredients          of powder of liquid______________________________________Water                --           85%Maltodextrines        28.91%    4.33%Vegtable oil mixture  20.23%    3.03%Skim milk (0.05% M.G.)                 14.58%    2.19%Lactalbumin           12.13%    1.82%Lactose               11.92%    1.79%Butterfat             6.45%     0.97%Minerals**            3.26%     0.49%Calcium caseinate     1.97%     0.296%Lecithin              0.41%     0.061%Vitamins***           0.12%     0.018%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides*                0.0078%   0.0012%Ascorbile palmitate   0.006%   0.0009%DL-α Tocopherol                 0.001%   0.0001%*Nucleosides and/or nucleotides addedUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                3.42   mg     515  μgGuanosine and/or guanosine                1.49   mg     225  μgmonophosphateAdenosine and/or adenosine                1.32   mg     200  μgmonophosphateCytidine and/or cytidine                1.12   mg     170  μgmonophosphateInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                0.45   mg     70   μg**Mineral salts addedCalcium lactate      1.74   g      0.26 gSodium phosphate dibasic                0.65   g      97   mgCalcium phosphate    0.36   g      54   mgPotassium chloride   0.23   g      34   mgPotassium phosphate dibasic                0.17   g      26   mgFerrous lactate      51.7   mg     7.6  mgMagnesic sulfate     49     mg     7.3  mgZinc sulfate         7.3    mg     1.1  mgCupric sulfate       1.9    mg     285  μgSodium fluoride      1.5    mg     225  μgPotassium and chromiun sulfate                510    μg  76   μgSodium molybdate     265    μg  40   μgSodium selenite      180    μg  27   μgManganese sulfate    83     μg  12   μgPotassium iodine     64     μg  10   μg***Vitamins addedVitamin A            1.600  UI     240  UIVitamin D            600    UI     90   UIVitamin E            5.5    mg     825  μgVitamin K            60     μg  9    μgTiamin               0.4    mg     60   μgRiboflavin           0.45   mg     67   μgPiridoxin            0.25   mg     37   μgNiacin               6.7    mg     1    mgCalcium pantothenate 5.5    mg     825  μgVitamin B.sub.12     1.1    μg  0.16 μgBiotin               15     μg  2.2  μgFolic acid           350    μg  52   μgVitamin C            100    mg     15   mg______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE Il 
     This example provides a milk formula made to feed at-term infants, during the first year of life, preferably for the 6 first months of lactation, supplemented with nucleosides and/or nucleotides in similar concentrations to those of human milk, according to the invention. 
     The product has been adapted in its composition and content of nutrients to the ESPGAN and AAP international recommendations for this kind of infants (ESPGAN. Committee on Nutrition, Acta Paediatr. Scand., supl. 262, 1977; AAP Committee on Nutrition, Pediatric Nutrition Handbook, 1979) 
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________EXAMPLE IIADAPTED INFANT MILK FORMULA                For 100 g For 100 mlIngredients          of powder of liquid______________________________________Water                --           87%Lactose               42.61%    5.54%Powdered milk (26% M.G.)                 25.47%    3.31%Vegtable oils         13.37%    1.74%Demineralized whey (65% of proteins)                 9.28%     1.21%Butterfat             7.77%     1.01%Minerals salts*       1.11%     0.14%Lecithin              0.31%     0.04%Vitamins**            0.069%    0.009%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides***                0.0078%    0.001%DL-α Tocopherol                 0.003%   0.0004%Ascorbile palmitate   0.001%   0.0001%*Mineral salts addedTripotassium citrate 0.35   g      45   mgTricalcium citrate   0.31   g      40   mgDibasic potassium phosphate                0.24   g      31   mgCalcium chloride     0.16   g      21   mgFerrous lactate      39     mg     5.1  mgZinc acetate         8.5    mg     1.1  mgCupric sulfate       1.10   mg     143  μgManganese sulfate    155    μg  20   μgPotassium iodine     65     μg  8.4  μg**Vitamins addedVitamin C            50     mg     6.5  mgNicotinamide         6.7    mg     870  μgVitamin E            5.5    mg     715  μgCalcium pantothenate 5.5    mg     715  μgVitamin A            1.600  UI     208  UIVitamin B.sub.2      450    μg  58   μgVitamin B.sub.1      400    μg  52   μgVitamin B.sub.6      300    μg  39   μgVitamin K.sub.1      60     μg  7.8  μgFolic acid           25     μg  3.2  μgBiotin               15     μg  1.9  μgVitamin D.sub.3      300    UI     39   UIVitamin B.sub.12     1.1    μg  0.14 μg***Nucleosides and/ornucleotides addedUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                3.42   mg     445  μgGuanosine and/or guanosine                1.49   mg     195  μgmonophosphateAdenosine and/or adenosine                1.32   mg     170  μgmonophosphateCytidine and/or cytidine                1.12   mg     145  μgmonophosphateInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                0.45   mg     58   μg______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE III 
     This example provides an infant milk formula made to feed healthy infants from 4-5 months to one year of life, supplemented with nucleosides and/or nucleotides, according to the invention. The product has been adapted in its composition content of nutrients to the ESPGAN recommendations for these infants ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition, Acta Paediatr. Scand. supl. 287, 1981). 
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________EXAMPLE IIIINFANT ADAPTED FOLLOW-UP MILK FORMULA                For 100 g For 100 mlIngredients          of powder of liquid______________________________________Water                --           85%Full milk             46.61%    6.99%Maltodextrines        23.18%    3.48%Lactose               19.28%    2.89%Vegetable oils        6.08%     0.91%Demineralized whey    4.22%     0.63%Mineral salts*        0.41%     0.061%Lecithin              0.14%     0.021%Vitamins**            0.069%    0.01%Nucleosides and/or nucleosides***                0.0078%   0.0012%DL-α Tocopherol                 0.003%   0.0004%Ascorbile palmitate   0.001%   0.0001%*Mineral salts addedMonocalcium phosphate                0.36   g      54   mgFerrous lactate      39     mg     5.8  mgZinc acetate         8.5    mg     1.3  mgCupric sulfate       1.1    mg     165  μgManganese sulfate    155    μg  23   μgPotassium iodine     65     μg  9.7  μg**Vitamins addedAs in Example II.***Nucleosides and/ornucleotides addedUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                3.42   mg     515  μgGuanosine and/or guanosine                1.49   mg     225  μgmonophosphateAdenosine and/or adenosine                1.32   mg     200  μgmonophosphateCytidine and/or cytidine                1.12   mg     170  μgmonophosphateInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                0.45   mg     70   μg______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE IV 
     This example provides a lactose free infant formula, containing protein from milk origin, supplemented with nucleosides and/or nucleotides to the same quantities as in human milk, according to this invention. 
     The product has been adapted in its composition and content of nutrients to the international recommendations mentioned before. 
     
                       TABLE VII______________________________________LACTOSE FREE ADAPTED INFANT MILK FORMULACONTAINING COW&#39;S PROTEIN              For 100 g                      For 100 ml              of powder                      of liquid______________________________________IngredientsWater                --          85%Dextrinemaltose      58.03%    8.7%Calcium caseinate (supplemented with                16.7%     2.51%L-cistine)Butterfat            11.96%    1.79%Vegetable oils       10.35%    1.55%Mineral salts*        2.18%    0.33%Lecithin              0.69%    0.103%Vitamins**           0.069%    0.01%Carnitine            0.0089%   0.0013%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides***                0.0078%   0.0012%DL-αtocopherol  0.003%   0.0004%Ascorbile palmitate   0.001%   0.0001%*Mineral salts addedDibasic potassium phosphate                588    mg     88   mgTripotassium citrate 522    mg     78   mgCalcium lactate      272    mg     41   mgSodium chloride      389    mg     58   mgMagnesium chloride   260    mg     39   mgCalcium chloride     90     mg     13.5 mgFerrous lactate      48     mg     7.2  mgZinc acetate         11.2   mg     1.7  mgCupric sulfate       1.15   mg     0.17 mgManganese sulfate    107    μg  16   μgPotassium iodine     65     μg  9.7  μg**Vitamins addedAs in Example II.***Nucleosides and/or nucleotides andother substances addedUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                3.42   mg     515  μgGuanosine and/or guanosine monophos-                1.49   mg     225  μgphateAdenosine and/or adenosine monophos-                3.32   mg     500  μgphateCytidine and/or cytidine monophos-                4.98   mg     750  μgphateInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                1.00   mg     150  μgL-cistine            0.1    g      15   μgCarnitine            8.9    mg     1.3  mg______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE V 
     This example provides a lactose free adapted infant formula containing a protein isolate from vegetal origin, supplemented with nucleosides and/or nucleotides, according to this invention. 
     The product has been adapted, as in example IV, in its composition and content of nutrients to the suckling children and newborns. 
     
                       TABLE VIII______________________________________LACTOSE-FREE ADAPTED INFANT FORMULACONTAINING VEGETAL PROTEIN              For 100 g                      For 100 ml              of powder                      of liquid______________________________________IngredientsWater                --          85%Dextrinemaltose      57.20%    8.58%Soy protein isolate  16.67%    2.5%Butterfat            11.96%    1.79%Vegetable oils       10.35%    1.55%Mineral salts*        3.04%    0.46%Lecithin              0.69%    0.103%Vitamins**           0.069%    0.01%Carnitine            0.0089%   0.0013%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides***                0.0078%   0.0012%DL-αtocopherol 0.003%    0.0004%Ascorbile palmitate  0.001%    0.0001%*Mineral salts addedDibasic potassium phosphate                450    mg     67.5 mgTripotassium citrate 628    mg     94.2 mgCalcium chloride     370    mg     55.5 mgCalcium carbonate    400    mg     60   mgMagnesium chloride   260    mg     39   mgCalcium lactate      873    mg     131  mgFerrous lactate      48     mg     7.2  mgZinc acetate         11.2   mg     1.7  mgCupric sulfate       1.18   mg     0.18 mgMagnesium sulfate    107    μg  25   μgPotassium iodine     65     μg  9.7  μg**Vitamins addedAs in Example II.***Nucleosides and/or nucleotides andother substances addedUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                3.42   mg     515  μgGuanosine and/or guanosine monophos-                1.49   mg     225  μgphateAdenosine and/or adenosine monophos-                3.32   mg     500  μgphateCytidine and/or cytidine monophos-                4.98   mg     750  μgphateInosine monophosphate or inosine                1.00   mg     150  μgCarnitine            8.9    mg     1.3  μg______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE VI 
     This example provides a lactose-free infant formula which contains a mixture of lactalbumin and casein hydrolizates with a low molecular weight, supplemented with nucleosides and/or nucleotides, as specified in the invention. 
     The composition and content of nutrients are adapted to the suckling children and newborns&#39; requirements, as in examples IV and V. 
     
                       TABLE IX______________________________________HYPOALERGENIC ADAPTED INFANT FORMULA              For 100 g                      For 100 ml              of powder                      of liquid______________________________________IngredientsWater                --          85%Maltodextrines       52.48%    7.87%Vegetable oil mixtures                16.98%    2.55%Lactalbumin enzymatic hydrolyzate                12.31%    1.85%Casein enzymatic hydrolyzate                 5.16%    0.77%Corn starch           4.87%    0.73%Butterfat             4.29%    0.64%Minerals**            3.19%    0.48%Emulsifier            0.60%    0.09%Vitamins***          0.069%    0.01%Lecithin             0.0231%    0.0035%Carnitine            0.0089%    0.0013%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides*                0.0078%    0.0012%DL-αTocopherol 0.0038%    0.0006%Ascorbile palmitate  0.0015%    0.0002%*Nucleosides and/or nucleotides andother substances addedUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                3.42   mg     515  μgGuanosine and/or guanosine monophos-                1.49   mg     225  μgphateAdenosine and/or adenosine monophos-                3.32   mg     500  μgphateCytidine and/or cytidine monophos-                4.98   mg     750  μgphateInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                1.00   mg     150  μgCarnitine            8.9    mg     1.3  mg**Mineral salts addedCalcium phosphate    0.86   g      0.13 gTripotassium citrate 0.85   g      0.13 gCalcium chloride     0.49   g      73   mgSodium phosphate dibasic                0.38   g      57   mgPotassium chloride   0.24   g      36   mgMagnesium sulfate    0.20   g      30   mgPotassium phosphate dibasic                0.12   g      18   mgFerrous lactate      39     mg     5.8  mgZinc acetate         10     mg     1.5  mgCupric sulfate       2.2    mg     330  μgSodium fluoride      310    μg  46.5 μgManganese sulfate    307    μg  46   μgPotassium chromium sulfate                115    μg  17   μgSodium molybdate     83     μg  12   μgPotassium iodine     65     μg  9.7  μgSodium selenite      37     μg  5.5  μg***Vitamins addedAs in Example II.______________________________________ 
    
     The products in examples IV, V and VI contain carnitine in similar concentration to that found in human milk, to satisfy the newborns requirements of this compound. 
     The products in examples I to VI are presented as liquid products, ready to use, as liquid concentrate products, to be used with the addition of water and as powdered products. 
     EXAMPLE VII 
     Example VII provides a complete product and nutritionally balanced to be used in clinical nutrition orally or by feeding tubes, with an energy ratio of 146 Kcal/g nitrogen, enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides in agreement with the invention. 
     The composition and content of nutrients have been adapted to the specific nutritional requirements of ill adults suffering energy-protein malnutrition. 
     
                       TABLE X______________________________________NORMOPROTEIN DIET FOR USE IN CLINICALNUTRITION              For 100 g                      For 100 ml              of powder                      of liquid______________________________________COMPOSITIONWater                --        78.7%Maltodextrines       52.13%    11.2%Vegetable oils       12.1%      2.5%Lactalbumin          11.63%    2.48%Calcium caseinate    10.05%    2.14%Butterfat            8.84%     1.88%Minerals*            3.79%     0.79%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides***                0.75%     0.15%Soy lecithin         0.66%     --Emulsifier           --        0.136%Stabilizer           --        0.02%Vitamins**           0.026%    0.005%Ascorbile palmitate  0.0232%   0.0008%DL-αTocopherol 0.0008%   0.0002%*Mineral salts addedSodium phosphate dibasic                1.1    g      270  mgPotassium chloride   0.99   g      210  mgMagnesium sulfate    1.014  g      203  mgCalcium chloride     0.31   g      58   mgPotassium phosphate dibasic                0.28   g      34   mgSodium chloride      50     mg     6    mgFerrous lactate      21     mg     4    mgZinc acetate         14     mg     3    mgManganese sulfate    4      mg     760  μgCupric sulfate       3      mg     640  μgSodium fluoride      2.2    mg     442  μgPotassium chromium sulfate                480    μg  96   μgSodium molybdate     315    μg  63   μgSodium selenite      166    μg  33   μgPotassium iodine     49     μg  10   μg**Vitamins addedVitamin C            15     mg     3    mgNiacin               4.75   mg     0.95 mgVitamin E (mg. -TE)  2.5    mg     0.5  mgPantothenic acid     1.75   mg     0.35 mgVitamin B.sub.6      550    μg  110  μgVitamin B.sub.2      425    μg  85   μgVitamin B.sub.1      375    μg  75   μgVitamin A (mg Re)    250    μg  50   μgFolate               100    μg  20   μgBiotin               50     μg  10   μgVitamin K.sub.1      35     μg  7    μgVitamin D            2.5    μg  0.5  μgVitamin B.sub.12     0.75   μg  0.15 μg***Nucleosides and/ornucleotides addedAdenosine and/or adenosine monophos-                150    mg     30   mgphateCytidine and/or cytidine monophos-                150    mg     30   mgphateGuanosine and/or guanosine monophos-                150    mg     30   mgphateUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                150    mg     30   mgInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                150    mg     30   mg______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE VIII 
     This example provides a complete product and nutritionally balanced high protein content (91 Kcal/g nitrogen), enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides in agreement with the invention. 
     The composition and content of nutrients have been adapted to meet the specific nutritional requirements of ill adults in hypercatabolic state. 
     
                       TABLE XI______________________________________HYPERPROTEIN DIET FOR USE INCLINICAL NUTRITION              For 100 g                      For 100 ml              of powder                      of liquid______________________________________COMPOSITIONWater                --        77.28%Maltodextrines       50.6%     11.49%Lactalbumin          15.96%    3.64%Calcium caseinate    13.08%    3.14%Vegetable oils       9.13%     1.99%Butterfat            6.52%     1.49%Minerals*            3.41%     0.68%Nucleosides and/or nucletides***                0.75%     0.15%Soy lecithin         0.5%      --Emulsifier           --        0.11%Stabilizer           --        0.02%Vitamins**           0.026%     0.005%Ascorbile palmitate  0.0232     0.0008%DL-α-Tocopherol                0.0008     0.0002%*Mineral salts addedPotassium chloride   1.01   g      220  mgMagnesium sulfate    1.014  g      203  mgSodium phosphate dibasic                0.88   g      180  mgPotassium phosphate dibasic                0.19   g      30   mgSodium chloride      0.16   g      40   mgCalcium chloride     0.11   g      5    mgFerrous lactate      21     mg     4    mgZinc acetate         14     mg     3    mgManganese sulfate    4      mg     760  μgCupric sulfate       3      mg     640  μgSodium fluoride      2.2    mg     442  μgPotassium chromium sulfate                480    μg  96   μgSodium molybdate     315    μg  63   μgSodium selenite      166    μg  33   μgPotassium iodine     49     μg  10   μg**Vitamins addedAs in Example VII***Nucleosides and/ornucleotides addedAdenosine and/or adenosine monophos-                150    mg     30   mgphateCytidine and/or cytidine monophos-                150    mg     30   mgphateGuanosine and/or guanosine monophos-                150    mg     30   mgphateUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                150    mg     30   mgInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                150    mg     30   mg______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE IX 
     This example provides a complete product and nutritionally balanced, with a high nitrogen content, using as source of this element a protein hydrolyzate with a low molecular weight to make easier its absorption, enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides according to the invention. The energy ratio this product is 100 Kcal/g nitrogen. 
     This composition and content of nutrients have been adapted to satisfy specific nutritional requirements of ill adults suffering diverse malabsorption-malnutrition syndromes. 
     
                       TABLE XII______________________________________EXAMPLE IXPEPTIDE-MCT DIET FOR USE INCLINICAL NUTRITION               For 100 g For 100 mlCOMPOSITION         of powder of liquid______________________________________Water               --        77.83%Maltodextrines      51.62%    11.43%Casein hydrolyzate  25.80%    5.72%Vegetable oils      12.44%    2.76%Minerals*           5.02%     1.11%Butterfat           3.62%     0.8%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides***               0.75%     0.17%Soy lecithin        0.50%     --Emulsifier          --        0.11%L-Cistine           0.20%     0.04%Stabilizer          --        0.02%Vitamins**           0.026%    0.0058%Ascorbile palmitate  0.0232%   0.0051%DL-α-Tocopherol                0.0008%   0.0002%Sodium phosphate dibasic               1.05   g      233   mgMagnesium sulfate   1.014  g      225   mgCalcium chloride    0.84   g      186   mgTripotassium citrate               0.83   g      184   mgPotassium phosphate dibasic               0.80   g      177   mgSodium chloride     0.44   g      97    mgFerrous lactate     21     mg     4.6   mgZinc acetate        14     mg     3.1   mgManganese sulfate   4      mg     888   μgCupric sulfate      3      mg     665   μgSodium fluoride     2.2    mg     488   μgPotassium chromium sulfate               480    μg  106   μgSodium molybdate    315    μg  70    μgSodium selenite     166    μg  37    μgPotassium iodine    49     μg  11    μgAdenosine and/or adenosine mono-               150    mg     30    mgphosphateCytidine and/or cytidine mono-               150    mg     30    mgphosphateGuanosine and/or guanosine mono-               150    mg     30    mgphosphateUridine and/or uridine mono-               150    mg     30    mgphosphateInosine and/or inosine mono-               150    mg     30    mgphosphateL-Cistine           200    mg     40    mg______________________________________ *Mineral salts added **Vitamins added As in Example VII. ***Nucleosides and/or nucleotides and other substances added 
    
     EXAMPLE X 
     This example provides a complete product and nutritionally balanced with a low protein content, supplemented with branched chain amino acids and enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides. 
     The composition and content of nutrients have been adapted to satisfy the specific nutritional requirements of ill adults suffering severe hepatopathy. 
     
                       TABLE XIII______________________________________EXAMPLE XCOMPLETE DIET F0R USE IN CLINICAL NUTRITI0NOF PATIENTS WITH LIVER DISEASE             For 100 g  For 100 mlCOMPOSITION       of powder  of liquid______________________________________Water             --         76.36%Maltodextrines    72.13%     17.04%Vegetable oils    7.48%      1.77%Lactalbumin       7.26%      1.72%Calcium caseinate 6.27%      1.48%Minerals*         2.94%      0.69%L-Leucine         1.16%      0.27%L-Valine          0.87%      0.21%L-Isoleucine      0.87%      0.21%Nucleosides and/or             0.75%      0.18%nucleotides***Soy lecithin      0.22%      --Emulsifier        --         0.05%Stabilizer        --         0.01%Vitamins**         0.026%     0.006%Ascorbile palmitate              0.0197%    0.005%DL-α-Tocopherol              0.0003%     0.00007%Magnesium sulfate 1.014   g      240   mgPotassium phosphate dibasic             0.67    g      158   mgSodium phosphate dibasic             0.60    g      142   mgCalcium chloride  0.49    g      116   mgSodium chloride   0.12    mg     28    mgFerrous lactate   21      mg     5     mgZinc acetate      14      mg     3.3   mgManganese sulfate 4       mg     946   μgCupric sulfate    3       mg     709   μgSodium fluoride   2.2     mg     520   μgPotassium chromium sulfate             480     μg  113   μgSodium molybdate  315     μg  74    μgSodium selenite   166     μg  39    μgPotassium iodine  49      μg  11.6  μgAdenosine and/or adenosine             150     mg     30    mgmonophosphateCytidine and/or cytidine mono-             150     mg     30    mgphosphateGuanosine and/or guanosine             150     mg     30    mgmonophosphateUridine and/or uridine mono-             150     mg     30    mgphosphateInosine and/or inosine mono-             150     mg     30    mgphosphateL-Leucine         1.16    g      274   mgL-Valine          870     mg     206   mgL-Isoleucine      870     mg     206   mg______________________________________ *Mineral salts added **Vitamins added As in Example VII. ***Nucleosides and/or nucleotides and other substances added 
    
     EXAMPLE XI 
     This example provides a product considered as a nutritional supplement for the nutritional repletion of patients with chronic hepatopathy, constituted by a mixture of proteins from milk origin, supplemented with branched chain amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals and enriched with nucleosides and/or nucleotides. 
     
                       TABLE XIV______________________________________EXAMPLE XIHYPERPROTENC DIET SUPPLEMENTED WITHBRANCHED CHAIN AMINO ACIDS F0R USE INCLINICAL NUTRITION 0F PATIENTS WITHLIVER DISEASE                For 100 g For 100 mlCOMPOSITION          of powder of liquid______________________________________Water                --          80%Maltodextrines       36.72%    7.32%Lactalbumin          26.26%    5.25%Sodium caseinate     21.95%    4.39%L-Leucine            4.04%     0.81%Minerals*            3.2%      0.64%L-Valine             3.03%     0.61%L-Isoleucine         3.03%     0.61%Nucleosides and/or nucleotides***                0.75%     0.15%Vitamins**            0.026%    0.005%Magnesium sulfate    1.014  g      203  mgPotassium chloride   0.89   g      178  mgCalcium chloride     0.38   g      76   mgSodium phosphate dibasic                0.36   g      72   mgTripotassium citrate 0.34   g      68   mgPotassium phosphate dibasic                0.17   g      34   mgFerrous lactate      21     mg     4.2  mgZinc acetate         14     mg     2.8  mgManganese sulfate    4      mg     800  μgCupric sulfate       3      mg     600  μgSodium fluoride      2.2    mg     440  μgPotassium chromium sulfate                480    μg  96   μgSodium molybdate     315    μg  63   μgSodium selenite      166    μg  33   μgPotassium iodine     49     μg  9.8  μgAdenosine and/or adenosine mono-                150    mg     30   mgphosphateCytidine and/or cytidine mono-                150    mg     30   mgphosphateGuanosine and/or guanosine mono-                150    mg     30   mgphosphateUridine and/or uridine monophosphate                150    mg     30   mgInosine and/or inosine monophosphate                150    mg     30   mgL-Leucine            4.04   g      810  mgL-Valine             3.03   g      610  mgL-Isoleucine         3.03   g      610  mg______________________________________ *Mineral salts added **Vitamins added As in Example VII. ***Nucleosides and/or nucleotides and other substances added 
    
     The invention having been thus described, it will be appreciated by those in the art that variations can occur within the scope of the claims which follow.