Abstract:
A wireless network includes a base station (BS), a set of mobile stations (MS), and a set of repeaters. The channels between the BS and the repeater and between the repeater and the MS include a downlink (DL) and an uplink (UL). A BS specifies a first center frequency F 2  for the channel between the BS and MS, and a second center frequency F 1  for the channel between the repeater and the MS. The first center frequency F 2  and the second center frequency are transmitted to the repeater and the MS in channel descriptor messages.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]    This invention relates generally to wireless multi-user networks, and more particularly to frequency shift repeaters (FSR) in wireless-user networks. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]    Repeaters are often used to extend coverage for mobile stations (MS) at a fraction of the cost of installing additional base station (BS). The IEEE 802.16 standard, and the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax) standard based on 802.16 use microwave frequency bands, e.g., 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz, which do not propagate as well as conventional cellular technologies that operate in lower frequency bands. This is a problem for indoor wireless networks connected to outdoor wireless networks. Therefore, the range of the IEEE 802.16 networks needs to be extended for residential and enterprise applications. The embodiments provide changes to the current IEEE802. 16 standard to support repeaters operations. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0003]    The invention specifies the signaling to support frequency shift repeater in wireless network. Specifically, a wireless network includes a base station (BS), a set of mobile stations (MS), and a set of repeaters. The channels between the BS and the repeater and between the repeater and the MS include a downlink (DL) and an uplink (UL). A BS specifies a first center frequency F 2  for the channel between the BS and MS, and a second center frequency F 1  for the channel between the repeater and the MS. The first center frequency F 2  and the second center frequency are transmitted to the repeater and the MS in channel descriptor messages. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
         [0004]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a wireless network with an in-band repeater according to embodiments of the invention; 
           [0005]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a wireless network with an IEEE 802.16 frequency shift repeater (FSR) operating in TDD mode according to embodiments of the invention; 
           [0006]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of a wireless network with a IEEE 802.16 frequency shift repeater operating in FDD mode according to embodiments of the invention; 
           [0007]      FIG. 4  is a block diagram with an IEEE802.16 in-band repeater with an isolation problem; and 
           [0008]      FIG. 5  is a block diagram of an IEEE802. 16 frequency shift repeater with a digital filter according to embodiments of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0009]    Definitions 
         [0010]    The following terms are defined and used accordingly herein. 
         [0011]    Base Station (BS) 
         [0012]    Equipment to provide wireless communication between subscriber equipment and a network infrastructure or network backbone. 
         [0013]    Subscriber Station (SS) 
         [0014]    A generalized equipment set to provide communication between subscriber equipment and the base station (BS). 
         [0015]    Mobile Station (MS) 
         [0016]    A wireless transceiver intended to be used while in motion or at unspecified locations. The MS is always a subscriber station (SS) unless specifically specified otherwise. 
         [0017]    IEEE 802.16 Repeaters 
         [0018]    A repeater extends the outdoor and indoor range of broadband IEEE 802.16 wireless networks. Repeaters include in-band repeaters and frequency shift repeaters (FSR). A frequency shift repeater can also be called frequency translation repeater, a frequency conversion repeater, or a frequency switching repeater. 
         [0019]    In-Band Repeater 
         [0020]      FIG. 1  shows a BS  101 , a MS  102 , and an in-band repeater  110  according to embodiments of the invention. The in-band repeater uses the same frequency band F 2  to communicate with the BS and the MS. The frequency band is indicated by a center frequency, see below. 
         [0021]    FSR Repeater 
         [0022]      FIG. 2  shows the same network with a frequency shift repeater (FSR)  210  operating in time division duplex (TDD) mode. In this network, the BS and FSR use band F 2  to communicate, and the FSR and MS use band F 1 , both for the downlink (DL) and the uplink (UL). 
         [0023]    FSR Repeater with Frequency Shift 
         [0024]      FIG. 3  shows the network with a FSR  310  operating in frequency division duplex (FDD) mode. More specifically, the DL from the BS to the FSR  310  and the uplink (UL) from the FSR to the BS use frequency bands F 2  and F 2 +x, respectively. The DL from the FSR  310  and the uplink from the MS to the FSR use frequencies F 1  and F 1 +x, respectively. The value x indicates a frequency offset in kHz. 
         [0025]    Antenna Isolation 
         [0026]    As shown in  FIG. 4 , the repeater  110  has a compact form factor. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain antenna isolation between the “donor” antenna  111  and the “service” (patch) antenna  112 . This causes feedback  410 . Therefore, the conventional in-band repeater uses a canceller to achieve sufficient antenna isolation. The canceller increases costs. 
         [0027]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , a FSR  510  uses a digital bandpass filter  520  to effectively address the isolation problem between the donor and the service antennas  111 - 112 . 
         [0028]    Because the bandpass filter is included in the radio frequency (RF) module, this is a more cost-effective solution than the conventional in-band repeater with a canceller. 
         [0029]    Scheme I 
         [0030]    In the current IEEE 802.16 standard, the downlink channel descriptor (DCD) message, and the uplink channel descriptor (UCD) message are used to inform the MS of the frequency band to be used in the downlink and uplink. The format of the DCD and UCD messages are shown in Table 1 and Table 2, respectively. Note that frequency band is specified for the overall channel from the BS to the MS. 
         [0031]    The table uses the conventional Type, Length, Value (TLV) format. The Type is a numeric code, which indicates the kind of field that this part of the message represents. The Length is the size of the value field (typically in bytes). The Value of the data for this part of the message. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 DCD message format 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Size (L) 
                   
               
               
                 Syntax (T) 
                 (bit) 
                 Notes (V) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 DCD message format( ) { 
                   
                   
               
               
                  Management message type = 1 
                 8 
               
               
                  Reserved 
                 8 
                 Shall be 0 
               
               
                  Configuration change count 
                 8 
               
               
                  TLV encoded information for the overall 
                 variable 
                 TLV-specific 
               
               
                 channel 
               
               
                  Begin PHY-specific section { 
               
               
                  For (i=1; i&lt;=n; i++) { 
                   
                 For each DL 
               
               
                   
                   
                 burst profile 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to n 
               
               
                   Downlink_burst_profile 
                 variable 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 UCD message format 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Size 
                   
               
               
                 Syntax 
                 (bit) 
                 Notes 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 UCD message format( ) { 
                   
                   
               
               
                  Management message type = 0 
                 8 
               
               
                  Configuration change count 
                 8 
               
               
                  Ranging backoff start 
                 8 
               
               
                  Ranging backoff end 
                 8 
               
               
                  Request backoff start 
                 8 
               
               
                  Request backoff end 
                 8 
               
               
                  TLV encoded information for the overall 
                 variable 
                 TLV-specific 
               
               
                 channel 
               
               
                  Begin PHY-specific section { 
               
               
                  For (i=1; i&lt;=n; i++) { 
                   
                 For each DL 
               
               
                   
                   
                 burst profile 1 
               
               
                   
                   
                 to n 
               
               
                   Uplink_burst_profile 
                   
                 PHY-specific 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                  } 
               
               
                 } 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0032]    One of the type-length values (TLVs) that can be in the DCD message is the central frequency of the band, as shown in Table 3. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 DL frequency TLV 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Name 
                 Type (1 byte) 
                 Length 
                 Value (variable length) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency 
                 12 
                 4 
                 DL center frequency (kHz) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0033]    One of the TLVs that can be up in UCD message is the central frequency, as shown in Table 4. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 UL frequency TLV 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Name 
                 Type (1 byte) 
                 Length 
                 Value (variable length) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency 
                 5 
                 4 
                 UL center frequency (kHz) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0034]    For the TDD network, the frequency band TLV in the DCD and UCD messages contain the same value, because the same frequency band is used for the uplink and the downlink. For example, the same frequency band F 2  is used for both the uplink and the downlink on the wireless link between the BS and FSR. 
         [0035]    However when the FSR is used, different MSs communicating with the BS can use different frequencies, depending on whether the MS is communicating with the BS via FSR, or not. Moreover, the BS does not know which associated MS is using the FSR, and which MS is not, because the FSR is transparent to the BS. That is, the BS does not know the frequency band used by the MS. 
         [0036]    For the downlink, the following two options are available at the BS. 
         [0037]    1) The BS does not include a central frequency TLV in the DCD message. Each MS independently determines the frequency band that the MS uses. 
         [0038]    2) The BS does include the central frequency TLV in the DCD message. If the MS detects that the frequency band the MS is using is different than the frequency specified in the frequency TLV in the DCD message, then the MS knows that it is receiving from the FSR. In this case, the frequency value in the frequency TLV of DCD message is the center frequency of the frequency band used by the BS in the downlink. This is shown in the Table 5. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 DL frequency TLV 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Name 
                 Type (1 byte) 
                 Length 
                 Value (variable length) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency 
                 12 
                 4 
                 DL center frequency of BS 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (kHz) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0039]    For the uplink downlink, the following two options are available at the BS. 
         [0040]    1) The BS does not include any center frequency TLV in the UCD message. Each MS determines the frequency band to use in uplink, based upon the center frequency the BS uses in the downlink. For TDD, these two frequency bands are the same. 
         [0041]    2) The BS does include the center frequency TLV in the UCD message. Each MS does not use the center frequency value in the frequency TLV in the UCD message to determine the uplink center frequency the MS uses. Instead, the MS uses the same center frequency in the downlink and the uplink. In this case, the frequency value in the frequency TLV of the UCD message is the center frequency of BS. This is shown in the Table 6. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 UL frequency TLV 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Name 
                 Type (1 byte) 
                 Length 
                 Value (variable length) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency 
                 5 
                 4 
                 UL center frequency of BS 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (kHz) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0042]    For the FDD network, the frequency TLV in the DCD and the UCD messages contain different values, as different frequency bands are used for the uplink and the downlink. 
         [0043]    In the FDD mode, the BS also does not know the frequency used by the MS in the uplink, because the FSR is transparent to the BS. 
         [0044]    For the downlink, the following two options are available at the BS. 
         [0045]    1) The BS does not include any frequency TLV in the DCD message. The MS independently determines the frequency band to use. 
         [0046]    2) The BS includes the central frequency TLV in the DCD message. If the MS determines that this frequency is different than the frequency specified in the frequency TLV in the DCD message, then the MS knows that it is receiving from the FSR. In this case, the frequency value in the frequency TLV of the DCD message is the center frequency of BS. This is shown in the Table 5. This knowledge can facilitate handover and load balance operation at MS. 
         [0047]    In this case, the BS can include a “frequency offset” TLV in the UCD message. Each MS uses the frequency offset value (x) contained in the “frequency offset” x TLV in the UCD message to determine the center frequency to use in the uplink. For instance, if the MS is using F 1  as the center frequency in the downlink, then the MS uses (F 1 +x) as the center frequency in the uplink. This is shown in the Table 7. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 UL frequency offset TLV 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Name 
                 Type (1 byte) 
                 Length 
                 Value (variable length) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency 
                 y 
                 4 
                 UL center frequency offset 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 x (kHz) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0048]    The type value “y” of this TLV is to be determined. 
         [0049]    Scheme II 
         [0050]    For a network with a simple FSR, the frequency band for the BS to FSR links and for the FST to NS links are usually predetermined by the operator of the network. That is, the frequency bands are fixed. Only a simple FSR follows this fixed approach considered hereafter. 
         [0051]    To support FSR in the TDD network, the embodiments of the invention provide a new TLV called the FSR center frequency TLV. The FSR center frequency TLV included in the DCD and UCD messages indicates the center frequency that FSR uses to communicate with the MSs in the downlink and uplink, respectively. 
         [0052]    A conventional MS cannot interpret the FSR center frequency TLV, and thus ignore this TLV. 
         [0053]    In the downlink, the DCD message includes both the frequency TLV of the BS, and the frequency TLV of the FSR. A MS compliant with this new scheme can distinguish these two different TLVs. The MS can use the value contained in these two TLVs to determine whether it is directly communicating with the BS, or via the FSR. 
         [0054]    The legacy MS does not understand this FSR center frequency TLV, and thus ignores this TLV. If MS understands this FSR center frequency TLV, and notices that the physical frequency it uses to synchronize with matches that indicated by FSR center frequency TLV, then the MS knows it is currently communicating directly with the FSR. 
         [0055]    The format of FSR center frequency TLV is shown in the Table 8. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 DL FSR frequency TLV 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Name 
                 Type 
                 Length 
                 Value (variable length) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency 
                 158 
                 4 
                 Center frequency (kHz) used by all 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 frequency shift repeaters dependent on 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 the BS to communicate with MSs in the 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 downlink 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0056]    In the uplink, the UCD message includes both the frequency TLV of the BS, and the frequency TLV of the FSR. The MSs compliant with this scheme can distinguish these two different TLVs and use the value contained in these two TLVs to determine whether it is directly communicating with the BS or via an FSR. The format of the FSR center frequency TLV is shown in the Table 9. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 9 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 UL FSR frequency TLV 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Name 
                 Type 
                 Length 
                 Value (variable length) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Frequency 
                 218 
                 4 
                 Center frequency (kHz) used by all 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 frequency shift repeaters dependent of the 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 BS to communicate with MSs in the uplink 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0057]    Although the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that various other adaptations and modifications can be made within the spirit and scope of the invention. Therefore, it is the object of the append claims to cover all such variations and modifications as come within the true spirit and scope of the invention.