Abstract:
A system for capturing and recovering polluting gases and particles by means of self-priming pumping caused by induced flow pumps which are part of a close circuit of steam under pressure, thereby allowing a high efficiency in the decontamination and cleaning of the gas being extracted from environments having a high concentration of gases and particles, thus achieving low energy requirements and reintegrating the clean air to the atmosphere, also recovering and recycling the condensed steam resource which has been used in the process.

Description:
FIELD OF APPLICATION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a system for capturing and recovering polluting gases and particles in the air, in a size greater than 75 micrograms per cubic meter, with sizes of 2.5 to 30 micrometers, the methodology having as an objective the task of removing the polluting gas and dust. Said objective being established by the detection of the presence of said polluting gas and dust as well as the cleaning efficiency control. 
         [0002]    The recovery and capture systems of polluting gas and dust are installed wherein a high environmental polluting particles concentration is generated, said concentration range being risky to people, the environment and the service life of machines. 
         [0003]    Two distinguishing features of these systems are the gases capture as well as the reduction level of emissions of a dust polluting gas extracted from the contaminated gas, which results in apparatuses ensuring the reduction of polluting gas emissions as well as the cleaning of gases with greater or lower efficiency. 
       STATE OF THE ART 
       [0004]    Cleaning apparatuses have to consider: the feature of the gas, the environmental temperature or the process temperature generated by the gas compound or polluting dust, the water steam condensation, minerals and gases present therein. Cleaning apparatuses also depend on the features of the contaminant due to its abrasive or corrosive condition. 
         [0005]    One distinguishing feature of cleaning apparatuses is the one related to the direct energy requirements or auxiliary sources to be used, which in order to be produced, need energy or a process, wherein said energy is obtained as a natural resource. Generally, they are hot gases from a process, air and steam under pressure. 
         [0006]    It is important to highlight the degree of efficiency achieved when using natural resources, essentially when the steam is used due to its capacity of being recirculated so as to be used for gas conversion, dust sedimentation or cleaning of polluting emissions. Among the air cleaning apparatuses available in the market and used in the mining field, which is the main utilization field for this invention are found the following: 
         [0007]    Electrostatic Precipitators are very efficient for cleaning air and cooled-smelter gases which use high potentials of electric fields and its process consists of: gas ionization, charging of dust particles, transport of particles to the collection surface, neutralization and removal of the charge in the collected dust and removal of dust particles. 
         [0008]    Dust collectors comprised by fabric sleeve filters having a lower efficiency for cleaning air use the principle of intercepting the polluted air current by using big filters. They use electric power to move the extractors as well as the compressed air at high pressure for removing dust. Its process comprises the stage in which the dust is captured and drawn, the interception of air for the removal of dust particles, trapped in the fabric sleeve filters, pulses of air at high pressure directed towards the sleeves for removing the accumulated dust, collecting the dust dropped by gravity. The clean air at the end of the extractor is directed through the ducts having an outlet towards the atmosphere. 
         [0009]    Dust suppressants of low efficiency work by means of a dissemination mechanism wherein a fog created with water and air under pressure is used. Thereby creating a moisture dispersion for capturing and precipitating the dust. 
         [0010]    Wet Collectors are not normally used in mining however they are classified as: 
         [0011]    Centrifugal Humidifiers which use the centrifugal force to accelerate the dust particle, impregnating it on some wet surface collectors. 
         [0012]    Wet dynamic precipitators use water spray in a compartment loaded with dust particles by means of the mechanical separation of the air from the wet dust. 
         [0013]    The Venturi-type collector uses the Venturi effect to absorb gases or dust mixing it with water to channel them towards a separation section. 
         [0014]    In the present specification the invention for capturing and recovering gases and particles is detailed, which is an apparatus that uses two aspiration processes one is carried out by means of self-priming units in a steam flow and the other by means of an extractor driven by a motor with speed control. The self-priming units are interspersed in the contaminated air current next to a restriction or elbow having the purpose of disaggregation due to the density of gases and particles present in the contaminated air. 
         [0015]    The design of these two processes achieves the following purposes: capturing and recovering gases and particles from air and detecting the environmental pollution by means of an indirect integral measurement of turbidity in the liquid flow and/or by means of an in-line law analyzer in conditions which facilitate the sampling in a medium mixed by turbulence. Aspiration control which is made by means of the control of the speed of steam fluid as well as the speed control of aspirated air. 
         [0016]    Handling the residence times of contaminated air in order to make the interaction between the two processes efficient. Maintaining the functionality in time since it permanently has two or more capturing units for the same contamination source. 
         [0017]    The aforementioned redundancy simplifies the maintenance with the added value of being available in the medium-term for operating. Controlling the cleaning efficiency by means of a second turbidity meter and/or in-line analysis of the present contaminants which is installed in the air outlet to the atmosphere in a liquid circuit of wet dynamic precipitators. The reason of the existence of two turbidity meters and/or analysis is the real-time recording of the compliance of environmental standards as well as the control record of the cleaning efficiency of the apparatus. 
         [0018]    Every mineral treatment process generates dust due to the mineral crushing, transfer, transport, sieving and stacking stages. It is important to deliver an apparatus which is adapted to the structural design of the dust-generating process unit. The invention due to its structural simplicity is designed to modify the measures to be used depending on the capture contaminated air volumes and the level of contamination. By means of the control methodology it is possible to modify the parameters linked to the cleaning process. 
         [0019]    In order to better understand the invention it will be described based on a preferred embodiment which is illustrated as a design of processes and instruments under ISA standard 5.1 considering it just as an illustrative representation of the invention, not limited to the scope of the invention neither its dimensions nor to the quantity of illustrated elements or to the exemplified fastening means. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0020]      FIG. 1  is the general process and instrumentation design of the apparatus for capturing and recovering gases and particles. 
         [0021]    The diagram of  FIG. 1  is the diagram of the process, equipment and instrumentation involved in the general explanatory operation of the invention. 
         [0022]    The main process is initiated in the gases and particles contamination source such as for example, a Pierce-Smith Reactor or Converter  1 , the extractor hood  2 , the support pipe of self-priming pumps  3  which is the first dragging of gases and particles by aspiration. The induced draft fan or Extractor  4  is the most important agent of aspiration, the second Support pipe of self-priming pumps  5  is also used for dragging the gasses and particles by means of aspiration, the water dynamic precipitator  6  is the last cleaning stage and where the clean air exits to the atmosphere. 
         [0023]    The secondary process comprises a separation tank for the accumulation of the captured gases and particles  7 , the steam fired boiler  8 , solenoid valves for controlling the distilled water feed  12 , a steam-feed control valve  13  and a discharge waste valve  14  which are involved in controlling the steam. The turbidity meters  9  and  15  and the tank level meter. The clean distillate enters the dynamic precipitator  6  and the boiler  8 . 
         [0024]    Both processes are controlled by a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)  16 . It controls the speed of the extractor  4  by means of an analog command into the Variable Frequency Drive  17 , thereby controlling the speed of the extractor motor  18 . By means of a control algorithm it is possible an aspiration of variable intensity and variable in its times. It controls the start of the system, wherein the steam fired boiler  8  permanently functions at a tank level of  100  millimeters above the level of the accumulation separator of the contaminated distillate  20 , controlled by means of a level meter  19 . In the tank  7  the aspiration turbidity  9  generated in the induced flow apparatus i  3  is detected. Valves  12  and  13  remain closed unless the level indicates a low risk level for the functioning of the boiler, in said case the valve  12  is opened. The extractor motor  17  when detecting the start of the crushing process  1  receives the start command from the PLC  16 , thereby maintaining the programmed control algorithm. The valve  13  is opened and valves  12  and  14  remain closed. 
         [0025]    If a high turbidity value is detected in the tank  7 , the tank  7  will be discharged by opening the valve  14  and closing the valve  13 . Thus, the distillate will be allowed to enter when opening the valve  12 . By measuring the turbidity level  15  at the outlet, the ratio between both meters is compared so as to stop the entering of the distillate, valves  14  and  12  are closed and valve  13  is opened. 
         [0026]      FIG. 2  is the objective of the invention and represents the elements indicated as induced flow apparatus  3  and  5  of  FIG. 1 . 
         [0027]      FIG. 2  is the detail of the contaminated gas inlet  21  and the clean gas outlet  29  in the induced flow apparatus, the clean steam inlet  27  as well as the contaminated steam outlet  28 . 
         [0028]    It is also detailed how the self-priming units are structurally inserted towards the inner part of the induced flow apparatus. In the narrowing  30  of the Venturi pipe is structurally installed a circular manifold  22  from where are distributed the eight lines similar to the aspiration line  23 , located at a distance equivalent to the average diameter of the cylindrical section of the contaminated air inlet  21 , typical sample of the other lines, in the extracted portion is inwardly visualized the self-priming pump  24  and the outlet of each line  25  towards the manifold  26  to be concentrated on the discharge line  28  when returning to the tank, dust sedimentation element absorbed by the steam/distillate. 
         [0029]    In  FIG. 3  the self-priming pump is detailed as well as how this works inside the induced flow pipe. In the inlet chamber  31  normally are injected liquids or steam at high pressure in order to create suction inside the pump, due to the narrowing and expansion of the nozzle  32 . The suction chamber  33  at the discharge nozzle produces the aspiring effect on the suction line  34 , thereby suctioning the dust contaminated air, being mixed to exit through a parallel section  35 , wherein the diffusor  36  as well as the discharge  37  are at a pressure higher than the one of the suction. 
         [0030]    This self-priming pump does not have movable parts and they do not require lubrication. 
         [0031]    Standard For NPT Male Pipe 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Inlet 
                 Suction/Discharge 
                 Measures 
                 Total Length 
               
               
                   
                 (m.m) 
                 (m.m) 
                 Factor 
                 (m.m) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 12.70 
                 19.05 
                 0.21 
                 149.225 
               
               
                   
                 12.70 
                 25.40 
                 0.34 
                 180.975 
               
               
                   
                 19.05 
                 31.75 
                 0.61 
                 228.60 
               
               
                   
                 25.40 
                 38.10 
                 1.00 
                 279.40 
               
               
                   
                 31.75 
                 50.80 
                 1.82 
                 365.125 
               
               
                   
                 38.10 
                 63.50 
                 3.17 
                 460.375 
               
               
                   
                 50.8 
                 76.20 
                 5.92 
                 606.425 
               
               
                   
                 167.53 
                 221.62 
                 19.52 
                 2000 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0032]      FIG. 4  shows the distribution of the large-scale self-priming pumps in a plane which shifts the  8  aforementioned units (each one of them being represented in  FIG. 3 ) to the inside of the duct which conveys gases and dust  21  and it also shows its distribution as a sub-index from 1 to 8 with the numbering associated to  FIGS. 2 and 3 . Example: the suction ducts are  34 - 1 ,  34 - 2 ,  34 - 3 ,  34 - 4 ,  34 - 5 ,  34 - 6 ,  34 - 7 ,  34 - 8 . 
         [0033]    If we assume the needs for capturing and recovering gases and particles from contaminated air in an area requiring air volumes in the order of 14.640 m3/h, this process will require an extraction rate in electric power of 25 HP. If the decontamination demand situation is for a contamination index of 100 microgram/m3 in dust this is a value being 13 times higher than normal values. This means than in one hour 14.64 grams of dust must be captured. The requirement is that our self-priming aspirator must be sensitive to these dimensions. This is the reason why the measurement must be integrated in time to observe a change of turbidity, an appropriate volume would be a liter. Nevertheless when the aspiration demands means for the given air volume to displace 150 l/min, then for 10 minutes a 1500 liter tank is needed or for an hour a 9000 liter tank is needed. Indirectly, it is positive since there is the possibility of recirculating the water until reaching a discharge turbidity of the system and for the entry of clean water.