Abstract:
The machinery system and its application herewith, intended to create an opening in the roof of a Reactor Primary Containment of Generation II and III Nuclear Power Electric Generating Station. This opening is necessary to replace an aging nuclear reactor with a new, safer and more efficient reactor. Generation II and III Nuclear Power Electric Generating Stations include General Electric (GE) Boiling Water Reactor BWR/2, 3, 4, 5 and BWR/6 located in Mark II, and Mark III wet containments and Pressurized Water Reactors manufactured by Westinghouse, Combustion Engineering and Babcock and Wilcox located in dry containments. Until this time, existing reactor replacement was not possible due to Reactor Primary Containment structural enclosure configuration. The Dual Head Vertical Milling Machine System will remove a Reactor Primary Containment Dome Segment thus providing an opening, allowing reactor replacement and the electric generating station to remain operational for an other 40 years and beyond. Original containment integrity will be reinstated by closure of the opening.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    In a Nuclear Power Electric Generating Station most equipment no matter how small or large can be replaced with the exception of the Reactor. This is due to the Reactor Primary Containment inherent design configuration. The original design base was that after 40 years of useful operation, decommission the unit by entombing the Reactor in place in the Reactor Primary Containment. But, with today&#39;s world wide shortage of clean, renewable, affordable energy this approach is no longer practical or acceptable. The entire Generation II and III Reactors are rapidly reaching or exceeding their 40 years design life cycle. Some other phenomena such as the Inter Granular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC) may further reduce this life span. Scientific studies conducted by credible institutions such as the School of Materials, University of Manchester, U.K. and the Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Canada and many others, concluded that (IGSCC) is a life limiting factor in nuclear plant components and potential structural failure present substantial hazard to both safety and economics. As a result of the above, the operating electric utilities are facing two possible options:
       Option 1. Decommission the unit. Incurred expenses can financially hurt the utility and its rate payers.   Option 2. Try to obtain an extended operating license from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) and to stay on line beyond the 40 years design life.       
 
         [0004]    An extended operation beyond the 40 years design life may result in the following hidden risk: Reactor vessel nozzle exposed to prolonged radiation, thermal cycling and loading will develop hairline cracking. (IGSCC) It can not be readily detected, or repaired. A reactor vessel main steam or feed water nozzle failure will result in one of the most serious accident called a Loss of Coolant Accident. (LOCA) 
         [0005]    This invention allows the removal and replacement of aging nuclear reactor with a new, safe, efficient, state of the art reactor. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    At the present time, operating or decommissioned Nuclear Power Electric Generating Stations are unable to remove or replace their aging nuclear reactors. This is an unsafe and expensive situation for the electric utility and the rate payers. The Dual Head Vertical Milling Machine System invention herewith will provide a large enough opening in the steel reinforced concrete of the Reactor Primary Containment Dome allowing reactor replacement. The inside steel lining will be cut by conventional plasma, flame cutter and lifted out as a unit with the dome segment. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0007]      FIG. 1  is a section of Reactor Primary Containment (RPC)  2 , steel lining  3 , Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV)  4  after work procedure in paragraph 7.0. 
           [0008]      FIG. 2  is a plain view of  2 , perimeter of the Dual Head Vertical Milling Machine (DHVMM)  1 , the containment opening diameter  5 , the steel lining opening diameter  8 , the milled out containment dome segment  7  with the steel lining  9 , and the lifting hole  6 . 
           [0009]      FIG. 3  is a sectional view of  2 , with a composite view of  1 , including temporary load bearing platform  11  and supporting column  13 . Milled out segment  7 , steel lining segment  9 , supporting columns  12  and Drill Press  10 . 
           [0010]      FIG. 4  is a plan view of the milling machine  1  and its components. Items  23  are the cross over structural support and  24 ,  25 ,  26  are structural supports. Items  15  and  16  are the outer and inner drive gears,  17  and  18  are the worm drives for tables  19  and  20 . Items  21  and  22  are the outer and inner circular dove tailed table base,  27  are the hydraulic fluid reservoir. Item  48  is the control panel,  49  are the cable tensioning reels, and  50  is the circuit breaker panel. 
           [0011]      FIG. 5  is Section A-A. Items  23  are the cross over structure,  26  is the supporting steel,  28  are adjustable length supporting legs. Item  15  is the outer drive gear,  16  is the inner drive gear,  21  is the outer dove tailed table base,  22  is the inner dove tailed table base. 
           [0012]      FIG. 6  is Section B-B. Item  23  is the cross over structure,  25  are the vertical support plates and the tie together of table  19  and  20 .  15  and  16  are the outer and inner drive gear shown with worm drive.  21  and  22  are the outer and inner dove tailed table base.  29  is the adjustable support plate for vertical table  32  and cutter head  33 .  38  and  39  are hydraulic positioning and locking pistons. 
           [0013]      FIG. 7  is an enlarged view of the fixed vertical table support  25 , adjustable table support  29 , vertical table drive  41  and table base  40 . Vertical traveling bed is  32  with cutter head drive motor  42  and cutter head  33 . Transverse positioning hydraulic pistons are  38  and  39 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 8  is a front and a side view of the vertical table. Item  25  is the fixed plate support,  29  is the adjustable plate support,  40  is the table base,  32  is the vertical traveling bed with cutter head drive motor  42 .  41  is the vertical table drive,  33  are the cutter heads and  43  are the cemented (brazed) carbide tip holding tool shanks.  48  is a tapered spindle and  49  is the securing/releasing bolt. Transverse positioning hydraulic pistons are  38  and  39 . 
           [0015]      FIG. 9  is a schematic of the vertical table lateral positioning pistons  38  and  39 . Item  27  is the hydraulic fluid reservoir,  44  and  45  are 3-way solenoid valves,  46  is a hydraulic pump and  47  is an adjustable flow control orifice. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    Description of the Dual Head Vertical Milling Machine (DHVMM), Application and Operating Procedure. 
       Overview and Location of Machine 
       [0017]    The work location of ((DHVMM) is on top of the Reactor Primary Containment (RPC) structure. Temporary scaffolding, working platform and elevator are built outside of the (RPC) to set up the work station. Interfering architectural sidings or steel if any, are removed. The (DHVMM) assembled and lifted from the ground level to the top of the (RPC) and secured with six anchor bolts. A standard industrial vacuum dust and debris collector machine is located on ground level. Two flexible suction hoses are connected to the work station near the cutting heads for dust and debris removal.  FIG. 1  is a sectional view of the de-fueled, dismantled and decontaminated Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV)  4 , (RPC)  2  and the containment steel lining  3 , prior to milling operation.  FIG. 2  is a plain view,  FIG. 3  is a sectional view after the milling operation is completed and the (RPC) segment  7 , the steal lining  9  and the (RPV)  4  are ready for removal. 
       Machine Construction Specification 
       [0018]    The (DHVMM)  FIG. 4  plan view, is circular in shape face milling type and is prefabricated in six (or more) segments to facilitate manufacturing and shipping. In the forward feed mode the horizontal table movement is clockwise. In reverse feed mode the table movement is counterclockwise. At the center a drill press  FIG. 3  Item  10  equipped with a 3 inches core drill, to drill thru the (RPC) structure at the exact extended center above of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV). The (RPC) steel lining hole is plasma (flame) cut from inside the (RPC).  FIG. 2  Item  6 . This hole is used for a lifting lug installation to remove the milled out dome segment. At the machine perimeter a programmable microprocessor based control panel, an electrical power supply breaker box and 2 cable tensioning reels are located.  FIG. 4  Items  48 ,  50  and  49 . There are two variable RPM clockwise rotating cutting heads symmetrically located 180 degree apart  FIG. 6  and  FIG. 7  Item  33 . Each cutting head is 6 inches in diameter equipped with eight cutter tool holding shanks. Each tool shank holds an abrasion and shock impact resistant, cemented (brazed) carbide tip  FIG. 8  Item  43 . The cutter head and its drive motor  42  are mounted on a vertical table with dove tailed bed assembly  32  and  40 . The vertical table  FIG. 7  Item  40  is mounted on an on plate  29 . Plate  29  is bolted to plate  25  which are secured to the horizontal table assembly  19  and  20  in  FIG. 4  and  FIG. 6 . The cutter heads have 3 axis directional movements, at various travel range and speed capability. The face milling plan is parallel with the (RPC) contour tangent as much as possible. 
         [0019]    Longitudinal table movement is in a level plain, circular pattern. It can travel around 360 degree; however, the movement is limited to 190 degree by programming. Forward and return feed speed can vary widely. In the forward feed mode a quarter of an inch deep 7 inches wide path is cut. In the reverse feed mode an additional 1 inch width is cut. Tables  19  and  20  in  FIG. 4  are moved by an outer and an inner worm gear transmission assembly.  FIG. 4 , Item  17  and  18 . The worms are driven by variable speed reversible motor and reducing gear box calibrated to have the same angular velocity and torque. A manual feed wheel is also provided. 
         [0020]    Vertical table maximum travel range is 36 inches. The setting determine the tool insertion depth. Tool insertion angle can vary from 5 to 20 degree, initially manually set in 5 degrees increment as determined by the (RPC) contour. Support plate  25  is pre-drilled to the desired angle position and plate  29  is bolted to  25 . Cutting depth above the maximum vertical table travel range, if needed, is accommodated by longer cutter head holding spindle  48  in  FIG. 8 . Vertical table  32  is positioned by standard screw type feed connected to a reducing gear box driven by a variable speed reversible motor  41 ,  FIG. 7 . The tool insertion depth and the rate of insertion are determined by programming. A manual feed wheel is also provided. 
         [0021]    Initial transverse setting is manually set, in function of the (RPC) opening diameter requirement. Support plate  25  is pre-drilled to the desired opening diameter setting position and plate  29  is bolted to  25 . (RPC) opening diameter can be set at 19 feet 4 inches, 20 feet 4 inches, 21 feet 4 inches and 22 feet 4 inches. These dimension may be modified to meet actual field condition. The cutter head assembly  40  can laterally slide 1 inch on plate  29 , powered by hydraulic pistons  38  and  39  in  FIG. 7 . These pistons positions are controlled by normally de-energized 3-way solenoid valves  44 ,  45  as shown in  FIG. 9. 45  is shown in energized position. Lateral movement feed speed is regulated with a manually set orifice  47  in the fluid line and pump  46  located in the hydraulic fluid reservoir  27  in  FIG. 9 . 
       Preoperational Procedure 
       [0022]    Select 0 degree starting point near the control panel for cutter No.  1 . With manual hand wheel move the horizontal table to this starting point. 
         [0023]    With manual hand wheel move cutter No.  2  table to 180 degree position. 
         [0024]    With manual hand wheel move both cutters vertically within ⅛ th  of an inch above the (RPC) concrete structure. 
       Operating Programming Procedure 
       [0025]    Optimum settings is in accordance with manufacturers recommendation. The settings provided herewith is a workable example and can be modified based on experience. 
         [0026]    At the control panel  48   FIG. 4  turn Power On/Off switch to On position. 
         [0027]    Enter operating program settings as follows:
       No.  1  or No.  2  or Both Cutters. Enter Both Cutters.   Cutter Head RPM=600 RPM   Forward Horizontal Feed Speed=1 inch/second   Tool Insertion Depth=0.25 inch (Cutting Depth)   Rate of Tool Insertion=0.25 inch/10 inches forward travel   Cutter Transverse Position=Outer wall. (Hydraulic fluid pump  46  switch ON, Piston  39  activated, solenoid valve  44  energized, solenoid  45  de-energized,  FIG. 6 ,  FIG. 7 ,  FIG. 8  and  FIG. 9 ) Cutter Transverse Positioning to Inner Wall for Reversal is at=33 feet horizontal travel. Assuming the (RPC) cut out diameter is set at 20 feet 4 inches. The cutter move is 1 inch toward the inner wall at the 33 feet point of reversal. (Piston  38  activated, solenoid valve  44  de-energized, solenoid  45  energized). This 1 inch cut is necessary to avoid tool chatter and vibration.   Return Cutter Head RPM=400 RPM   Return Horizontal Feed Speed=3 inches/second   Return Tool Insertion Depth=0 inch (actually it is cutting 0.25 inches deep×1 inch wide return path)   Program Status=Enter Save   Turn the Start/Stop switch to Start position. (This is the Start signal to start the milling operation)   The cycle will repeat at 0 start point for Cutter No.  1  and at 180 degree start point for Cutter No.  2 .       
 
         [0040]    The milling operation can be stopped at either cutter head or at the control panel by an Emergency Stop switch. 
       Machine Operating Specification 
       [0041]    The (DHVMM) cutting a circular opening in the (RPC)  2  dome structure permitting the removal of milled out dome segment  7 .  FIG. 2  and  FIG. 3 . The radial position setting is determined by the diameter of the (RPC) opening cut requirement. The vertical movement setting will determine the cutting depth. The cutters heads can rotate at various RPM settings. The two cutters move on a level circular orbit of about 190 degrees forward and backward path and are situated diametrically opposite from each other. This is necessary for power and signal cable protection by the cable tensioning reels  49  in  FIG. 4 . The forward/reverse feed speed can widely vary. The optimum cutting heads RPM, cutters insertion depth and advancing speed is set from the control panel. The cutters are removing about 87.5% materials on a forward travel and 12.5% on a return travel. 
         [0042]    The (RPC) opening diameter is determined as follows: 
         [0000]        Do=Dr+ 2 NI+ 12 inches       Where Do is the diameter of concrete opening.   Dr is the diameter of the largest reactor.   NI is the length of the longest reactor nozzle.   12 inches is the required removal clearance.         
         [0047]    Following completion of milling operation disconnect power supply, anchor bolts and remove (DHVMM) from top of (RPC). 
         [0048]    Removal of the (RPC)  2  milled out segment  7  and steel lining  9  in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0049]    A temporary load bearing  13  scaffolding  11  is installed inside the (PRC)  2  under the dome. Shore up steel lining  9  by screw jacks or steel columns  12  under the section to be removed. Weld columns  12  to steel lining  9 . 
         [0050]    Flame (Plasma) cut a 3 inches diameter opening in steel lining  9  at the exact center and install the lifting lug. 
         [0051]    Flame (Plasma) cut at the required steel lining diameter to be removed. The steel lining opening diameter is determined as follows: 
         [0000]        Ds=Do− 6 inches       Where Ds is the diameter of steel lining opening.   Do is from [0014] above.   6 inches clearance required for welding preparation and welding.         
         [0055]    Remove the (RPC) milled out dome segment  7  with the attached steel lining  9 . 
         [0056]    Remove temporary scaffolding  11  inside (RPC) to clear path for reactor removal. 
       Removal of Reactor Pressure Vessel. (RPV)  4 . FIG. 1. 
       [0057]    The removal and the replacement work procedure of the Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) will be performed simultaneously inside/outside the Reactor Primary Containment (RPC). 
         [0058]    The Drywell Head and the (RPV) heads are removed and the (RPV) is de-fueled in accordance with the utility standard de-fueling procedure. All internals of (RPV) are removed. All piping, cabling, connections and vessel support squirt bolting will be disconnected, in reverse order of construction. 
         [0059]    The (RPV) is decontaminated inside/outside at first by high pressure steam jet blasting followed by high pressure de-mineralized detergent hot water jet blasting. The collected water is pumped to the floor drain for Radioactive Waste Treatment.  FIG. 1  show the stripped (RPV)  4  ready for standard rigging and lifting. 
         [0060]    Remove existing (RPV). 
         [0061]    Prepare new Replacement Reactor for installation. 
         [0062]    According to precedent lifting record, the weight of a BWR/5 complete with fuel roads is 2,000 tons. Proper crane foundation shall be prepared and the new (RPV) lifted in place. Installed and tested in accordance with manufacture procedure. 
       Closure of (RPC)  2  FIG. 3. 
       [0063]    Inside containment re-installs temporary scaffolding  11 . 
         [0064]    Remove 3 inches of concrete inside opening around reinforcing steel bars to facilitate welding preparation and welding. 
         [0065]    Install and re-weld reinforcing steel bars and steel lining to existing steel. All welding is to the strength of steel. 
         [0066]    New replacement concrete is poured and allowed to cure.