Abstract:
The Flow Indicating Switch (FIS) triggered Automatic Sequencing Cascade System and method is used to control the correct sequential discharge of compressed gas storage cylinders into one or more compressed gas cylinders(s) which are being recharged by the monitoring of compressed gas flow quantity. The primary purpose of the FIS Auto-Cascade is maximize the efficient use of the compressed gas within the storage cylinders by minimizing the possibility of to human error which will result in the overall loss of the total system recharging potential. The secondary purpose of the system use is for the ability to Auto-Cascade recharge cylinders in an area remote to the cascade storages cylinders and main valve body such as would be the case when this system is used in association with a Firefighter Breathing Air replenishment System (FBARS) for use in “tall” or “sprawling” structure such as those discussed in the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) documentation. When used in the FBARS the FIS triggered Automatic Sequencing Cascade System and method is remotely triggered when Fire Suppression or Rescue personnel connect their SCBA cylinder to the FBARS recharge panel. The compressed gas flow from the cascade system into the SCBA cylinder passes through the FIS which will initial and control the correct sequential discharge of the compressed gas storage cylinders into the SCBA cylinder which is being recharged.

Description:
CROSS-REFFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority from provisional application No. 61/400,862 filed on Aug. 4, 2010 which has the confirmation number of 8615 
         [0002]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,823,609 “Method and apparatus for filling a plurality of air breathing tanks used by firemen and scuba divers”. 
     
    
     STATEMENT REGUARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0003]    Not Applicable 
       REFFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING A COMPACT DISC APPENDIX 
       [0004]    Not Applicable 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    Cascade systems which are used to recharge compressed gas cylinders, such as that of a Fire Fighters SCBA (self contained breathing apparatus) cylinder, Divers SCUBA (self contained underwater breathing apparatus) or paint ball gun compress gas cylinder(s), are comprised of one or more bank(s) of compressed gas storage cylinders connected to a flow control panel with valves. The compressed gas storage cylinder valves are opened or closed to permit the compressed gas flow from the individual storage cylinder(s) “banks” or “stages” into the SCBA/SCUBA cylinder(s). 
         [0006]    Sequence cascading the flow from the various individual storage cylinders beginning with the lowest pressure cylinder 1 st  then progressing to the next highest pressure cylinder will maximize the total number of compressed gas cylinders which can be recharged. These cascade systems can also be equipped with accessory items such as compressor(s), which are used to refill the storage cylinders, and/or containment fill enclosure(s) to protect the operator from injury in the event of a cylinder rupture while it is being recharged. 
         [0007]    At the present time, there are two basic types of cascade systems control/fill panels available which are used for recharging compressed gas cylinders. The first is a manually operated cascade control/fill panel. The second is an automatic sequencing cascade (auto-cascade) control/fill panel. 
       Manually Operated Control Panel: 
       [0008]    The basic operation of a manual cascade fill panel used to recharge a high pressure gas cylinder is relatively simple. One or more high pressure compressed gas cylinder(s) which needs to be recharged are connected to the cascade system on the downstream side of the control panel while the high pressure compressed gas storage cylinder(s) are connected upstream of the control panel. The various cascade storage cylinders (stages) are connected to manually operated valves within the cascade control panel. The downstream sides of these manual valves are connected together in such a way as to permit the discharge exiting any manual valve(s) to be transferred into the cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0009]    The fill panel operator first compares the pressure of the cylinder(s) which are being recharged to that of the storage cylinders stages. The operator then opens the panel valve to the storage cylinder which has the pressure differential which is closest to, but higher than that of the cylinder(s) which are being recharged. This will permit the compressed gas from this particular storage cylinder/stage to flow into the cylinder which is being recharged. When the pressure in the cylinder which is being recharged equalizes with that of the storage cylinder, the operator closes this valve. The operator then opens the next higher pressure storage cylinder control panel valve which will then permit the compressed gas from this storage cylinder/stage to flow into the cylinder(s) which are being recharged. This process will continue until the cylinder being recharged reaches its maximum designed working pressure or equalizes pressure with that of the highest pressure storage cylinder/stage. The manually controlled cascade system is a good system but requires extensive training to use and the operator must pay close attention during its use to maximize the fill potential available within the storage cylinders. Any deviation of the above listed procedure will greatly diminish that maximum fill potential of the cascade system. 
       Automatically Sequencing Control Panel: 
       [0010]    The second type of cascade system is the auto-cascade fill panel. This system is very easy for an untrained operator to use. Also, this system does not require the constant attention by the operator. Once the operator initiates the fill sequence, the auto-cascade system will then control the fill sequence until the cylinder which is being recharged reaches it&#39;s designed working pressure, equalizes with the highest pressure storage cylinder/stage or is stopped by the operator. 
         [0011]    At the present time two types of auto-cascade fill panels available. Both types operate using the same principle of monitoring the pressures between the individual compressed gas storage cylinder(s) (banks) and that of the cylinder which is being recharged. As the pressure differentials between the cylinder(s) being recharged and individual compressed gas storage cylinder near equalization, either a pneumatic, hydraulic or electric valve is automatically opened to permit gas to flow from the next higher pressure compressed gas storage cylinder to flow into the cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0012]    The following is a more detailed example of a simple 2-stage pneumatically operated auto-cascade system which is based on present day technology such as that indicated in U.S. Pat. No. 7,823,609 “Method and apparatus for filling a plurality of air breathing tanks used by firemen and scuba divers”. 
       Auto-Cascade Method #1 
       [0013]    The 1 st  auto-cascade method/devise is a mechanical/pneumatic system. The various physical pressures within the system are transferred through tubing to one or more sequencing valves. The sequencing valve is comprised of two parts. The first part is a mechanically actuated high pressure on/off valve. The second part is a pressure differential valve which is to the top of the first valve. The following example demonstrates the operation of a 2-stage auto-cascade system. 
         [0014]    A sequence valve is placed on the 2 nd  stage (compressed gas storage cylinders) of the system. The pressure from the 1 st  stage storage cylinder will be transmitted to one side of the differential pressure valve which is installed on the 2 nd  stage storage cylinder. The pressure from the cylinder being recharged is transferred to the second side of this differential pressure valve. As long as the pressure differential on either side of this valve is above a predetermined psi, the mechanically activated on/off part of the sequence valve will remain closed thus permitting only the gas from the 1 st  stage compressed gas storage cylinders to be transferred into the cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0015]    When the pressure in the cylinder which is being recharged nears equalization with that of the 1 st  stage storage cylinder, the pressure differential valve, with the assistance of a bias pressure spring, will cause the differential valve piston to move downward toward the second on/off section of the sequence valve assembly. This mechanical movement will open the on/off valve section of the sequence valve of 2 nd  stage storage cylinder thus allowing gas from the 2 nd  stage storage cylinder to begin to flow into the cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0016]    This sequence will continue until: 1—The operator stops the fill process. 2—The pressure of the cylinder which is being recharged equalizes with that of the highest pressure storage cylinder. 3—The cylinder which is being recharged reaches its maximum rated working pressure. 
       Auto-Cascade Method #2 
       [0017]    The 2 nd  Auto-Cascade method/devise functions the same as the first method with one major exception. The pressure differential (sequence) valve(s) have been replaced with electric, electric over hydraulic or electric over pneumatic solenoid valve(s) and a computer, programmable logic circuit or peripheral interface controller which receives cascade system pressure information via electrical pressure transducers. The pressure transducers, which are located in various key areas of the system, electrically transmit pressure information to the computer or logic circuit. The computer or logic circuit program compares the pressure differential and then controls the discharge sequence of the compressed gas storage cylinder(s) into the cylinder(s) which are being recharged by opening electric, electric over pneumatic or electric over hydraulic solenoid valve(s) in the correct sequence and time as dictated by the pressure differencials. 
         [0018]    While the above mentioned manual and automatic cascade systems function well, there are problems inherent to both designs. 
       Manual Cascade Problems 
       [0019]    The single most common problem with a manual cascade panel operation is the opening of a cascade system panel “Stage” block valve prematurely. This will lower the pressure in that specific stage. The premature discharge and subsequent decrease in the pressure of this stage will have a catastrophic effect on the overall system efficiency and reduce the number of available cylinder recharges. 
       Pressure Differential Auto-Cascade Problems 
       [0020]    The Pressure Differential based pneumatic auto-cascade system requires extensive tubing/plumbing to operate correctly. The complexity of this tubing/plumbing is costly to produce and prone to compressed gas leaks due to the numerous pipe/tubing connections which are required. 
         [0021]    The Pressure Differential based electrical pressure transducer auto-cascade system requires the use of multiple pressure transducers, complicated wiring and sophisticated electronics, such as computer or PLC circuits to monitor pressures and control the compressed gas storage cylinder (stage) discharge sequence. This design is also costly to produce and prone to compressed gas leaks due to the numerous transducers to tubing connections which are required 
       BREIF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0022]    A true gas flow triggered auto-cascade system which is based on one or more flow indicating switches which monitor the compressed gas flow from compressed gas storage cylinder into compressed gas cylinder(s)which are being recharged would be superior than the standard “pressure comparison” or “differential pressure” auto-cascade systems available which are presently available. 
         [0023]    Flow indicating switches available up to this point in time are designed to determine gas flow by measuring the pressure drop within the switch as the gas passes through a restricting orifice and then measuring the pressure drop of the gas on the downstream side of the orifice. This pressure drop is then converted into an electrical current or signal which indicates the quantity of flow. A true gas flow based auto-cascade system using present day flow indicating switch technology as a sequencing trigger would not be particle due to the extreme pressure variations within an operating cascade system, maximum working pressure requirements and the cost of present day high pressure flow indicating switches which are available. 
         [0024]    The “High Pressure Flow Indicating Switch”, (Inventor Scott Wonders provisional application No. 61/4,000,862 filed on Aug. 4, 2010 which has the confirmation number of 8615) has been designed specifically use and development of a true gas flow based auto-cascade system. This item makes designing an efficient and cost effective flow based auto-cascade system practical. 
         [0025]    The high pressure FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) controlled auto-cascade system and method in this application is an alternative to the standard differential pressure controlled auto-cascade available at the present time. Some of the benefits of the flow indicator switch controlled automatic cascade system are: 1—simplicity of use, 2—trouble shooting simplicity, 3—reliability, 4—accuracy through wide pressure ranges, 5—manufacturing simplicity and 6—lower production cost which equates to lower end user cost. 
         [0026]    A “Flow” or “No Flow” condition is indicated by the FIS as the flow of a compressed gas through the FIS housing displaces (moves) an internal magnetic source in the direction of flow. The movement of this magnetic source causes the electrical contacts of the reed switch to open or close thus sending or stopping the electrical current or signal. This electrical current or signal, or lack of, is a direct indication of whether flow is or, is not, passing through the FIS. The electrical current of signal will act as a trigger event for ESM (Electronic Sequencing Module) software program. The 
         [0027]    “Trigger” signals will be used by software program of the ESM to either “Initiate” or “Sequence” through the various compressed gas storage cylinder stages by the opening or closing of compressed gas storage cylinder (stage) electric, electric over pneumatic or electric over hydraulic solenoid valves in the correct sequence. 
         [0028]    Example: In this example a 2-stage auto-cascade system has two compressed gas storage cylinders (Stages) and one compressed gas cylinder (SCBA) which is being recharged. Compressed gas storage cylinder # 1  has 2000 psi and compressed gas storage cylinder # 2  has 3000 psi. 
         [0029]    High pressure tubing connects storage cylinder # 1  (Stage- 1 ) to the auto-cascade system fill valve. A one way check valve is placed in the tubing between the stage- 1  cylinder and the auto-cascade fill valve. A second high pressure tube from storage cylinder # 2  (Stage- 2 ) passes through an electric solenoid valve and then is connected to the tubing from stage- 1 , downstream of the check valve. (NOTE: This solenoid valve is in the Fail-Safe “Normally Open” position.) Finally the FIS is then placed between the auto-cascade fill valve and the SCBA cylinder which is being recharged. An electronic PLC (programmable logic circuit) or PIC (Peripheral Interface Controller) receives the electrical “Flow” or “No Flow” signal from the FIS. The PLC or PIC will interpret this signal and, according to its programming, open or close the electric solenoid valve on the appropriate compressed gas storage cylinder stage. 
         [0030]    A SCBA cylinder with 1000 psi is connected to the auto-cascade system fill line. As the Auto-Cascade panel “fill” valve is opened, compressed gas will begin to flow from storage cylinders # 1  and # 2  and attempt to equalize with the SCBA cylinder. The compressed gas flowing through the flow switch/check valve combination will physically activate the flow switch, which in turn, will complete an electrical circuit which signal or “triggers” the PLC or PIC to close the electric solenoid valve which connects compressed gas storage cylinder # 2  to the tubing connected to the auto-cascade fill valve thus permitting only compressed gas from compressed gas storage cylinder # 1  to flow into the SCBA cylinder. When the pressures between the SCBA cylinder being recharged and storage cylinder # 1  equalize, compressed gas flow through the flow indicating switch will stop thus causing it to break the electrical signal to the PLC or PIC which in turn will open the electric solenoid valve in storage cylinder # 2  thus permitting compressed gas from storage cylinders # 2  to flow into the SCBA cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0031]    The above listed operation demonstrates the operation of a simple 2-stage flow switch controlled electrical operated auto-cascade. The key point that must be remembered about the FIS controlled auto-cascade the cascade sequence is triggered by “Flow” not “Differential Pressure”. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DISCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VEIWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0032]    FIG.  1 —Flow switch triggered auto-cascade tubing and electrical drawing with Back-Fill. 
           [0033]    FIG.  2 —Flow switch triggered auto-cascade tubing and electrical drawing with Priority-Fill. 
           [0034]    FIG.  3 —Valve sub-assembly schematic used to install additional stage(s) in the Back-Fill or Priority-Fill auto-cascade systems. 
           [0035]    FIG.  4 —Flow switch triggered auto-cascade demonstrated supplying Firefighters Breathing Air Replenishment System (FBARS) 
           [0036]    FIG.  5 —Alternate to  FIG. 4  drawing 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 
       [0037]    This figure demonstrates the operation of a 3-stage auto-cascade system with “Back-Fill” which uses the  17 -FIS (High Pressure Flow Indicating Switch) as the key component which accurately controls the sequential discharge of compressed gas storage cylinders into compressed gas cylinder(s) which are being recharged. While this drawing demonstrates a 3-stage auto-cascade system controlled by the  17 -FIS and  14 -ESM (Electronic Sequencing Module) in actuality this configuration can control an infinite number of stages. 
         17 -FIS Operation 
       [0038]    The flow of a compressed gas through the  17 -FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) displaces an internal magnetic source which will activate and/or deactivate an internal or external reed switch. The electric current or signal from the reed switch shall act as a trigger to initiate and control an ESM (Electric Sequencing Module) which in turn controls the automatic sequential discharge from 2 or more compressed gas storage cylinders into 1 or more cylinder(s) which are being recharging. 
         [0039]    The  17 -FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) has two functions in the below described system. Its primary function is to send an electrical signal to the  14 -ESM when flow is passing though the  17 -FIS. The secondary function of the  17 -FIS is to act as a check valve in the event that pressure in the cylinder which is being recharged is higher than that of the compressed gas storage cylinders. 
         14 -ESM Operation 
       [0040]    The  14 -ESM (Electronic Sequencing Model) has two operational states. 
         [0041]    The 1 st  state is the “Stand-By” mode in which the  14 -ESM is awaiting the initial signal from the  17 -FIS which indicates flow is passing through the  17 -FIS. While the  14 -ESM is in stand-by mode, the  12  and  13 -solenoid valves are in the “Fail-Safe” normally open position. 
         [0042]    The 2 nd  state is the “Fill-Sequence” mode. This state is achieved when the  14 -ESM in Stand-By mode receives the initial electrical current or signal from the  17 -FIS which indicates that a compressed gas flow is passing through the  17 -FIS. The initially signal from the  17 -FIS places the  14 -ESM in the Fill-Sequence mode which immediately closes the  12 -2 nd  stage and  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves. The  12 -2 nd  stage and  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves will remain closed until the electrical current or signal from the  17 -FIS ceases. (This indicates that flow through the  17 -FIS has stopped.) This will prompt the  14 -ESM to sequence up to the next stage at which time the  14 -ESM will open the  12 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve. 
         [0043]    Note: When in the Fill-Sequence mode the  14 -ESM will be looking for one of two events to take place. The first event would be an electrical current or signal to be sent from the  17 -FIS which will indicates that flow is present. The second event would be the expiration of the internal timer for the specific stage in the event that a “no flow” signal is sent by the  17 -FIS. These two events shall cause the  14 -ESM to hold the present solenoid valve(s) open or to open the next higher stage solenoid valve. 
         [0044]    When the flow of compressed gas has stopped and the  14 -ESM has sequenced through the last available stage, the  14 -ESM will reset and return to Stand-By mode. Once in the Stand-By mode the  14 -ESM will wait for next electrical current or signal from the  17 -FIS which will re-initiate the Fill-Sequence mode. 
         [0045]    A secondary function of the  14 -ESM is demonstrated in the  1 A-Subdrawing which shows the use of optional indicator lights which give the system operating personnel a visual reference of the status of each stage valve of the auto-cascade system. In this example we shall use green lights to signify that the stage valve(s) are open and yellow lights to signify that the stage valve(s) are in the closed position. 
         [0046]    When in the  14 -ESM enters the stand-by mode the  35 ,  36  and  37  green lights shall be lit indicating the  12  and  13 -solenoide valves are open. NOTE: Due to the fact that the there is no solenoid valve on the  1 -1 st  stage and this stage stays in the “open” position, the  35 -1 st  stage green light will be connected to a positive wire and remain on at any time that an electrical current is being supplied to the auto-cascade system. 
         [0047]    The instant flow begins passing through the  17 -FIS an electrical current or signal is sent to the  14 -ESM which initiates the  14 -ESM. Once initiated the  14 -ESM enters the Sequence-Fill mode causing the  36  and  37 -green lights turn off and the  38  and  39 -yellow lights turn on indicating the  12 -2 nd  stage and  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves are closed. As each of these solenoid valves are opened by the  14 -ESM, the  36  and  37 -green lights will turn on as their respective  38  and  39  yellow lights turn off. cylinder(s) will flow downstream through  6 -pipe or tubing and the normally open  12 -solenoid valve into  8 -pipe or tubing. The  10 -pressure gauge can be used by personnel operating the cascade system to monitor the pressure in the  2 -2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder(s). 
         [0048]    Compressed gas from the  3 -3 rd  stage (high pressure) compressed gas storage cylinder(s) will flow downstream through  7 -pipe or tubing and the normally open  13 -solenoid valve into  8 -pipe or tubing. The  11 -pressure gauge can be used by personnel operating the cascade system to monitor the pressure in the  3 -3 rd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder(s). 
         [0049]    The  24 -check valve on  8 -pipe or tubing will prevent upstream flow from  8 -tubing into the 1 st  stage components  9 ,  5  and  1 . The  25 -check valve on  8 -pipe or tubing will prevent upstream flow from  8 -tubing into the 2 nd  stage components  12 ,  10 ,  6 , and  2 . The  17 -FIS check valve function on  8 -pipe or tubing will prevent upstream flow from  33 -cylinder which is being recharged into the  3 nd stage components  13 ,  11 ,  7  and  3 . 
         [0050]    When the  28 -block valve is in the closed position, there will be no compressed gas flow through the  17 -FIS thus making it inactive. 
         [0051]    NOTE: Solenoid valves mentioned throughout this document can be either electric, electric over pneumatic or electric over hydraulic. Also the solenoid valve configuration is designed in such 
         [0052]    NOTE: The ESM can derive its electrical power supply from any automotive type DC electrical source such as a 12 or 24 volt DC system or structural type AC power source such as 120 or 240 volt AC system. The ESM may also be equipped with an optional built in electrical charging circuit with a backup battery pack system which, in the event of a primary electrical source failure, would energize the FIS base Auto-Cascade system for a predetermined period of time. While this option could be used in any of the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade systems, it would be primarily beneficial when used in conjunction with a stationary or “Fixed Mount” system such as the FBARS which is discussed in further detail in the  FIGS. 4 and 5  detailed descriptions. 
       Basic Compressed Gas Flow Through the Auto-Cascade System 
       [0053]    Compressed gas from the  1 -1 st  stage (low pressure) compressed gas storage cylinder(s) will flow downstream through  5 -pipe or tubing into  8 -pipe or tubing. The  9 -pressure gauge can be used by personnel operating the cascade system to monitor the pressure in the  1 -1 st  stage compressed gas storage cylinder(s). 
         [0054]    Compressed gas from the  2 -2 nd  stage (medium pressure) compressed gas storage a way as to provide a Fail-Safe (normally open) condition when there is no electrical current applied. This Fail-Safe configuration will enable the system to be used as a simple “bulk air” fill point in the event of a failure of any electrical components. 
       Auto-Cascade Operation: 
       [0055]    An electrical current applied to the  15 -positive and  16 -negative wires or electrical connection points will energize the  14 -ESM. Initially the  14 -ESM will be in the Stand-By mode and no electrical current will pass through to the  12 -2 nd  stage and  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves. This places the  12 -2 nd  stage and  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves in their “Fail-Safe” normally open position. 
         [0056]    One or more compressed gas cylinders which need to be refilled are connected to cascade system  33 -outlet fitting. The valve(s) on the recharging cylinder(s) are opened completely. As the  28 -block valve is opened, compressed gas from the  8 -pipe or tubing will begin to flow through the  17 -FIS and the  26 -pressure regulator. The regulated pressure downstream of the  26 -pressure regulator is monitored by the system operating personnel using  27 -pressure gauge. Pressure downstream of the  28 -fill valve (and the cylinder which is being recharged) is monitored by the  31 -pressure gauge. 
         [0057]    As gas flow through the  17 -FIS reaches a predetermined minimum quantity the  17 -FIS activates and electrical contacts of the  17 -FIS close which send a signal to the  14 -ESM via  18 -electrical or fiber optic wires. This electrical signal will cause the  14 -ESM to exit the stand-by mode and initiate the fill sequencing mode. 
         [0058]    Once in the sequencing mode the  14 -ESM will transmit an electrical current through the  19 ,  20 ,  21  and  22 -electrical wires which will close the  12 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and the  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve and, as illustrated in the  1 A-subdrawing, activate the  38  and  39 -LEDs and simultaneously deactivate their respective  39  and  39 -LEDs. This initial electrical signal to the  14 -ESM will also initiate an internal timing sequence with a predetermined expiration point. 
         [0059]    If the flow of compressed gas from the  1 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) through  8 -pipe or tubing and through the  17 -FIS is above the predetermined quantity, the  14 -ECM will continue to hold the  12 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and the  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve in the closed position thus permitting only compressed gas from the  1 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) to flow into the  33 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged. 
         [0060]    If the flow of compressed gas from the  1 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) through  8 -pipe or tubing and through the  17 -FIS is below the predetermined quantity and the predetermined no-flow time expires, the  14 -ESM will open the  12 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve, deactivate  38 -LED, activate  36 -LED and reset its internal timer. The  12 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve shall remain open through the remainder of the fill sequence. 
         [0061]    If flow is reestablished through the  17 -FIS the  14 -ESM will hold the  12 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve open which will permit the compressed gas from the  2 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s) to flow downstream and into the  33 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged. 
         [0062]    If the flow of compressed gas from the  2 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s) through  8 -pipe or tubing and through the  17 -FIS is below the predetermined quantity and the predetermined no-flow time expires, the  14 -ESM will open the  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve, deactivate  39 -LED, activate  37 -LED and reset its internal timer. The  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve shall remain open through the remainder of the fill sequence. 
         [0063]    If flow is reestablished through the  17 -FIS the  14 -ESM will hold the  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve open which will permit the compressed gas from the  3 -3 rd  stage storage cylinder(s) to flow downstream and into the  33 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged. 
         [0064]    The above listed sequence shall continue until either, 1—the cylinder(s) which is being recharged has reached the desired pressure, 2—the cylinder(s) which is being recharged pressure equalizes with that of the highest pressure storage cylinder stage or 3—the system operating personnel manually stops the fill sequence. (Closes the  28 -block valve) 
         [0065]    Once the  14 -ESM has sequenced through all available stages it shall automatically reset and go back into standby mode. At this point the  14 -ESM will be ready to cycle through the fill sequence again once it receives the next initiating signal from the  17 -FIS. 
         [0066]    When the  33 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged reach the desired pressure, the  33 -cylinder valve and the  28 -block valve are both closed. The  30 -bleed valve is opened allowing the pressure which is captured between the  28 -block valve and the  33 -cylinder which is being recharged exit through the  29 -bleed valve outlet. Once all pressure has been vented the  33 -cylinder which is being recharged can be removed and replaced with the next cylinder which needs to be recharged. 
         [0067]      1 B-Subdrawing is an expanded view of the  17 -FIS which shows an alternate placement of the  17 -FIS. Due to the fact that the  17 -FIS is responsible for the electrical current or signal which initiates and controls the  14 -ESM, it may be placed at any single or multiple point(s) in the system downstream where the compressed gas flow from all compressed gas storage cylinders converge into a single pipe or tube. 
         [0068]      1 C-Subdrawing demonstrates an alternate valve assembly location. NOTE: The alternate location of the  17 -FIS shown in  1 B-Subdrawing can be used in the alternate valve assembly locations. The purpose of relocation of the entire valve assembly shown in the  1 C-Subdrawing would be primarily for operations where the compressed gas storage cylinders and main auto-cascade valve assembly would be remote from the area(s) where the  33 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged. An example of this would be a FBARS (Firefighter Breathing air Replenishment System) which will be discussed in further detail in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0069]    A second example of  1 B and  1 C-subdrawing would be a mobile cascade system which is brought in when needed to supply the above listed FBARS with compressed gas. 
         [0070]    A third example of the  1 B and  1 C-subdrawing would be where the auto-cascades storage cylinders and the auto-cascade valve assembly are located in areas of a structure or vehicle such as a trailer or Fire Truck which is remote to the SCBA fill station. 
         [0071]    NOTE: When auto-cascade is used in conjunction with a Fire Fighters SCBA RIT (Rapid Intervention Team) or RIC (Rapid Intervention Crew) connection, the  30 -bleed valve and/or the  28 -block valve may be eliminated. 
       Back-Fill Operation: 
       [0072]    Recharging of the  1 ,  2 , and  3 -compressed gas storage cylinders is accomplished by use of the patented Back-Fill system in which a compressor or alternate compress gas source is attached to the  32 -Back-Fill inlet. As the outlet pressure of the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than, that of the pressure of the  1 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) the compressed gas shall begin to flow through the  23 -check valve and into the  1 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s). 
         [0073]    When the outlet pressure of the compressor or alternate air source and the  1 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) becomes equal to, or greater than that of the pressure of the  2 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s), the compressed gas shall begin to flow through the  24 -check valve and, due to its design, the  12 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and then into the  2 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s). At this point the gas flow from the compressor or alternate air source shall be recharging the  1 -1 st  and  2 -2 nd  stage storage cylinders simultaneously at an equal rate of flow. 
         [0074]    When the outlet pressure of the compressor or alternate air source and the  1 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) and  2 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s) becomes equal to or greater than that of the pressure of the  3 -3 rd  stage storage cylinder(s), the compressed gas shall begin to flow through the  25 -check valve and, due to its design, the  13 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve and then into the  3 -3 rd  stage storage cylinder(s). At this point the gas flow from the compressor or alternate air source shall be recharging the  1 -1 st ,  2 -2 nd  and  3 -3 rd  stage storage cylinders simultaneously at an equal rate of flow. The compressed gas storage cylinders can be recharged with the Back-Fill system either during auto-cascade fill operations or after they are completed. 
         [0075]    While this demonstrates the Back-Fill system used to recharge the storage cylinders of a 3-stage cascade system in actuality, the Back-Fill systems can be used to recharge the storage cylinders of a cascade system with an infinite number of stages and compressed gas storage cylinders. 
       FIG. 2 
       [0076]    This figure demonstrates the operation 3-stage auto-cascade system with “Priority-Fill” which uses the  66 -FIS (High Pressure Flow Indicating Switch) as the key component that controls the sequential discharge of compressed gas storage cylinders into the compressed gas cylinder(s) which are being recharged. While this drawing demonstrates a 3-stage auto-cascade system controlled by the  66 -FIS and  59 -ESM (Electronic Sequencing Module) in actuality this configuration can control an infinite number of stages. 
         66 -FIS Operation 
       [0077]    The flow of a compressed gas through the  66 -FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) displaces an internal magnetic source which will activate and/or deactivate an internal or external reed switch. The electric current or signal from the reed switch shall act as a trigger to initiate and control an ESM (Electric Sequencing Module) which in turn controls the automatic sequential discharge from 2 or more compressed gas storage cylinders into 1 or more cylinder(s) which are being recharging. 
         [0078]    The  66 -FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) has two functions in the below described system. Its primary function is to send an electrical signal to the  59 -ESM when flow is passing though the  66 -FIS. The secondary function of the  66 -FIS is to act as a check valve in the event that pressure in the cylinder which is being recharged is higher than that of the compressed gas storage cylinders. 
         59 -ESM Operation 
       [0079]    The  59 -ESM (Electronic Sequencing Model) has two operational states. 
         [0080]    The 1 st  state is the Stand-By mode in which the  59 -ESM is awaiting the initial signal from the  66 -FIS which indicates that flow is passing through the  66 -FIS. While in the standby mode the  50 ,  53  and  56 -solenoid valves are in the “Fail-Safe” normally open position. 
         [0081]    The 2 nd  state is the Fill-Sequence mode. This state is achieved when the  59 -ESM in Stand-By mode receives the electrical current or signal from the  66 -FIS which indicates that a compressed gas flow is passing through the  66 -FIS. The initial signal from the  66 -FIS places the  59 -ESM in the Sequence-Fill mode which immediately closes the  50 -1 st  stage,  53 -2 nd  stage and  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves. The  50 -1 st  stage,  53 -2 nd  stage and  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves will remain closed until the electrical current or signal from the  66 -FIS ceases. (This indicates that flow through the  66 -FIS has stopped.) This will prompt the  59 -ESM to sequence up to the next step at which time the  59 -ESM will open the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve. 
         [0082]    Note: When in the Fill-Sequence mode the  59 -ESM will be looking for one of two events to take place. The first event would be an electrical current or signal to be sent from the  66 -FIS which will indicates that flow is present. The second event would be the expiration of the internal timer for the specific stage in the event that there is a “No Flow” signal from the  66 -FIS. These two events shall cause the  59 -ESM to hold the present solenoid valve open or to sequence up and open the next higher stage solenoid valve at which point the  59 -ESM will close the preceding solenoid valve. 
         [0083]    When the flow of compressed gas has stopped and the  59 -ESM has sequenced through the last available stage, the  59 -ESM will reset and return to Stand-By mode. Once in the Stand-By mode the  59 -ESM will wait for next electrical current or signal from the  66 -FIS which will re-initiate the Fill-Sequence mode. 
         [0084]    A secondary function of the  59 -ESM is demonstrated in the  2 A-Subdrawing which shows the use of optional indicator lights which give the system operating personnel a visual reference of the status of each stage valve of the auto-cascade system. In the following example a green light will indicate that an individual solenoid valve is open while yellow light indicates that this solenoid valve is closed. 
         [0085]    When in the  59 -ESM enters the stand-by mode the  75 ,  76  and  77  green lights shall be lit. The instant that the  59 -ESM enters the Sequence-Fill mode the  75 ,  76  and  77 -green lights turn off and the  78 ,  79  and  80 -yellow lights turn on indicating that the  50 -1 st  stage,  53 -2 nd  stage and  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves are closed. As each of these solenoid valves are opened by the  59 -ESM, the  75 ,  76  and  77 -green lights will turn on as their respective  78 ,  79  and  80  yellow lights turn off. 
         [0086]    NOTE: The ESM can derive its electrical power supply from any automotive type DC electrical source such as a 12 or 24 volt DC system or structural type AC power source such as 120 or 240 volt AC system. The ESM may also be equipped with an optional built in electrical charging circuit with a backup battery pack system which, in the event of a primary electrical source failure, would energize the FIS base Auto-Cascade system for a predetermined period of time. While this option could be used in any of the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade systems, it would be primarily beneficial when used in conjunction with a stationary or “Fixed Mount” system such as the FBARS which is discussed in further detail in the  FIGS. 4 and 5  detailed descriptions. 
         [0087]    Basic Compressed Gas Flow through the Auto-Cascade System 
         [0088]    Compressed gas from the  40 -1 st  stage (low pressure) compressed gas storage cylinder(s) will flow downstream through  43 -pipe or tubing and the normally open  50 -solenoid valve then into  46 -pipe or tubing. The  47 -pressure gauge can be used by personnel operating the cascade system to monitor the pressure in the  40 -1 st  stage storage compressed gas cylinder(s). 
         [0089]    Compressed gas from the  41 -2 nd  stage (medium pressure) compressed gas storage cylinder(s) will flow downstream through  44 -pipe or tubing and the normally open  53 -solenoid valve then into  46 -pipe or tubing. The  48 -pressure gauge can be used by personnel operating the cascade system to monitor the pressure in the  41 -2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder(s). 
         [0090]    Compressed gas from the  42 -3 rd  stage (high pressure) compressed gas storage cylinder(s) will flow downstream through  45 -pipe or tubing and the normally open  56 -solenoid valve then into  46 -pipe or tubing. The  49 -pressure gauge can be used by personnel operating the cascade system to monitor the pressure in the  42 -3 rd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder(s). 
         [0091]    The  64 -check valve on  46 -pipe or tubing will prevent upstream flow from  46 -tubing into the 1 st  stage components  40 ,  43 ,  47  and  50 . The  65 -check valve on  46 -pipe or tubing will prevent upstream flow from  46 -tubing into the 2 nd  stage components  41 ,  44 ,  48  and  53 . The  66 -FIS check valve function on  46 -pipe or tubing will prevent upstream flow from  73 -cylinder which is being recharged into the 3 rd  stage components  42 ,  45 ,  49  and  56 . 
         [0092]    When the  69 -block valve is in the closed position, there will be no compressed gas flow through the  66 -FIS thus making it inactive. 
         [0093]    NOTE: Solenoid valves mentioned throughout this document can be either electric, electric over pneumatic or electric over hydraulic. Also the solenoid valve configuration is designed in such a way as to provide a Fail-Safe (normally open) condition when there is no electrical current applied. This Fail-Safe configuration will enable the system to be used as a simple “bulk air” fill point in the event of a failure of any electrical components. 
       Auto-Cascade Operation: 
       [0094]    NOTE: The operating principle of  FIG. 2  closely mimics that of  FIG. 1  with the exception of three items. These changes were necessary for the use of the “Hybrid Priority-Fill” system and method that  FIG. 2  uses for recharging of its compressed gas storage cylinders. The three obvious changes are: 1—When closed the  50 ,  53  and  56 -solenoid valves prevent pressure and/or gas from flowing either upstream or downstream. 2—When in Sequence-Fill mode only one solenoid valve at a time is open. 3—The  50 -solenoid valve has been added in  43 -pipe or tubing so that flow from the  40 -1 st  stage compressed gas cylinder can be stopped from entering  46 -pipe or tubing. 
         [0095]    An electrical current applied to the  60 -positive and  61 -negitive wires or electrical connection points will energize the  59 -ESM. Initially the  59 -ESM is in the Stand-By mode and no electrical current is passing through to the  50 -1 st  stage,  53 -2 nd  stage and  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves. This places the  50 -1 st  stage,  53 -2 nd  stage and  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves in their “Fail-Safe” normally open position. 
         [0096]    One or more compressed gas cylinders which need to be refilled are connected to cascade system  73 -outlet fitting. The valve(s) on the recharging cylinder(s) are opened completely. As the  69 -block valve is opened, compressed gas from the  46 -pipe or tubing will begin to flow through the  66 -FIS and the  67 -pressure regulator. The regulated pressure downstream of the  67 -pressure regulator is monitored by the system operating personnel using  68 -pressure gauge. Pressure downstream of the  69 -fill valve (and the cylinder which is being recharged) is monitored by the  72 -pressure gauge. 
         [0097]    As gas flow through the  66 -FIS reaches a predetermined minimum quantity, the  66 -FIS activates and its electrical contacts close which send an electrical current or signal to the  59 -ESM via  62 -electrical or fiber optic wires. This electrical signal will cause the  59 -ESM to exit the standby mode and initiate the sequence-fill mode. 
         [0098]    Once in the sequence-fill mode the  59 -ESM will transmit an electrical current through the  51 ,  52 ,  54 ,  55 ,  57  and  58 -electrical wires which will close their respective  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve,  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve and as illustrated in the  2 A-Subdrawing, activate the  78 ,  79  and  80 -LEDs. This electrical signal to the  59 -ESM will also initiate an internal timing sequence with a predetermined expiration point. 
         [0099]    NOTE: Obviously there will be no flow through the  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged since the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve,  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves are now in the closed position. At this point the closing of the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve may seem to have no effect on the auto-cascade systems operation however; the importance of this step will be obvious as the “Hybrid Priority-Fill” operation is described at the end of the  FIG. 2  detailed description. 
         [0100]    Since the  50 ,  53  and  54 -solenoid valves are closed and no flow of compressed gas will be passing through  46 -pipe or tubing and through the  66 -FIS, the back pressure will flow upstream from the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged and be stopped by the check valve function of the  66 -FIS. This “back pressure” will help in assuring that the  66 -FIS will remain closed so the  59 -ESM will then be able to rely solely on the internal timer for opening of the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve. 
         [0101]    When the  50 -1 st  stage timer expires the  59 -ESM will open the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve. When this happens the  75 -LED will activate and, in the same instant, the  78 -LED will deactivate indicating that the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve is open. 
         [0102]    If flow is reestablished through the  66 -FIS the  59 -ESM will hold the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve open which will permit the compressed gas from the  40 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) to flow downstream into the  73 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged. 
         [0103]    If the flow of compressed gas from the  40 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) through  46 -pipe or tubing and through the  66 -FIS is below the predetermined quantity and the predetermined no-flow time expires, the  59 -ESM will close the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve and open the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve simultaneously and reset the internal timer. When this happens the  75 -LED will deactivate and, in the same instant, the  78 -LED will activate indicating that the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve is closed and the  76 -LED will activate while the  79 -LED deactivates indicating that the  50 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve is open. 
         [0104]    If flow is reestablished through the  66 -FIS the  59 -ESM will hold the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve open which will permit the compressed gas from the  41 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s) to flow downstream into the  73 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged. 
         [0105]    If the flow of compressed gas from the  41 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s) through  46 -pipe or tubing and through the  66 -FIS is below the predetermined quantity and the predetermined no-flow time expires, the  59 -ESM will close the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and open the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve simultaneously and reset the internal timer. When this happens the  76 -LED will deactivate and, in the same instant, the  79 -LED will activate indicating that the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve is closed and the  77 -LED will activate while the  80 -LED deactivates indicating that the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve is open. 
         [0106]    If flow is reestablished through the  66 -FIS the  59 -ESM will hold the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve open which will permit the compressed gas from the  42 -3 rd  stage storage cylinder(s) to flow downstream and into the  73 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged. 
         [0107]    The above listed sequence shall continue until either: 1—The cylinder(s) which are being recharged has reached the desired pressure. 2—The cylinder(s) which are being recharged pressure equalizes with that of the highest pressure storage cylinder stage. 3—The system operating personnel manually stops the fill sequence. (Closes the  69 -block valve) 
         [0108]    Once the  59 -ESM has sequenced through all available stages it shall automatically reset and go back into standby mode. At this point the  59 -ESM will be ready to cycle through the fill sequence again once it receives the next initiating signal from the  66 -FIS. 
         [0109]    When the  73 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged reach the desired pressure, the  73 -cylinder valve and the  69 -block valve are both closed. The  71 -bleed valve is opened allowing the pressure which is captured between the  69 -block valve and  73 -cylinder(s) which are being recharged to exit through the  70 -bleed valve outlet. Once all pressure has been vented, the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged can be removed and replaced with the next cylinder which needs to be recharged. 
         [0110]      2 B-Subdrawing is an expanded view of the  66 -FIS indicates one alternate placement of the  66 -FIS. Due to the fact that the  66 -FIS is responsible for the electrical current or signal which initiates and controls the  59 -ESM, it may be placed at a single or multiple point(s) in the system downstream of where the compressed gas flow from all compressed gas storage cylinders converge into a single pipe or tube. 
         [0111]      2 C-Subdrawing demonstrates an alternate valve assembly location. NOTE: The alternate location of the  66 -FIS shown in  2 B-Subdrawing can be used in the alternate valve assembly locations. The purpose of relocation of the entire valve assembly shown in the  2 C-Subdrawing would be primarily for operations where the compressed gas storage cylinders and main auto-cascade valve assembly would be remotely located from the area(s) where the  69 -block valve and the  73 -cylinders which are being recharged. An example of this would be a FBARS (Firefighter Breathing air Replenishment System) which will be discussed in further detail in  FIG. 4 . 
         [0112]    A second example of the  2 B and  2 C-subdrawing would be a mobile cascade system which is brought in when needed to supply the above listed FBARS with compressed gas. 
         [0113]    A third example of the  2 B and  2 C-subdrawing would be where the auto-cascades storage cylinders and the auto-cascade valve assembly are located in areas of a structure or vehicle such as a trailer or Fire Truck which is remote to the SCBA fill station. 
         [0114]    NOTE: When auto-cascade is used in conjunction with a Fire Fighters SCBA RIT (Rapid Intervention Team) or RIC (Rapid Intervention Crew) connections, the  71 -bleed valve and/or the  69 -block valve may be eliminated. 
       Hybrid Priority-Fill Operation: 
       [0115]    Recharging of the  40 ,  41 , and  42 -compressed gas storage cylinders is accomplished by use of the patent pending Hybrid “Priority-Fill” method. The Hybrid Priority-Fill method is a combination of the industry standard Priority-Fill method combined with features of the patented “Back-Fill” method. The hybrid Priority-Fill system has  2  distinctive operating methods. The 1 st  method operates when the  59 -ESM is in the Stand-By mode. The 2 nd  method operates when the  59 -ESM is in Sequence-Fill mode. 
       “Stand-By” Mode: 
       [0116]    When only recharging of the  40 -1rst stage compressed gas cylinder(s),  41 -2 nd  stage compressed gas cylinder(s), and  42 -3 rd  stage compressed gas cylinder(s) is desired and the  69 -fill/block valve is closed, the  59 -ESM will enter the standby mode and open the  50 ,  53  and  56  solenoid valves. At this point the Hybrid Priority-Fill system and method will go into operation as a “Back-Fill system and method. 
       Example 1: 
       [0117]    In this instant a compressor or alternate compress gas source is attached to the  74 -Priortiy-Fill inlet. As the outlet pressure of the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than, that of the pressure of the  40 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) the compressed gas shall begin to flow through the  63 -check valve,  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve and into the  40 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s). 
         [0118]    When the outlet pressure of the compressor or alternate air source and the  40 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) becomes equal to, or greater than that of the pressure of the  41 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s), the compressed gas shall begin to flow through the  64 -check valve and the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and then into the  2 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s). At this point the gas flow from the compressor or alternate air source shall be recharging the  40 -1 st  and  41 -2 nd  stage storage cylinders simultaneously at an equal rate of flow. 
         [0119]    When the outlet pressure of the compressor or alternate air source and the  40 -1 st  stage storage cylinder(s) and  41 -2 nd  stage storage cylinder(s) becomes equal to or greater than that of the pressure of the  42 -3 rd  stage storage cylinder(s), the compressed gas shall begin to flow through the  65 -check valve and the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve and then into the  42 -3 rd  stage storage cylinder(s). At this point the gas flow from the compressor or alternate air source shall be recharging the  40 -1 st ,  41 -2 nd  and  42 -3 rd  stage storage cylinders simultaneously at an equal rate of flow. 
       “Sequence-Fill” Mode: 
       [0120]    When in Sequence-Fill mode the “Priority-Fill” system and method is active, and the compressor or alternate air source output is above the predetermined volume of flow required to activate the  66 -FIS, the compressors output will flow solely into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0121]    When in the Sequence-Fill mode the “Priority-Fill” system and method are active, and the compressor or alternate air source output is below the predetermined volume of flow required to activate the  66 -FIS, the compressors output flow will “Track” the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged through the entire fill sequence. While this “Tracking” is taking place the compressor or alternate air source output will only flow into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged and the single stage of the compressed gas storage cylinder(s) which is open at that specific time. The “Tracking” of the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged enables the compressor or alternate air source to maintain only enough pressure to achieve the recharge operation while enabling the system pressure to build quickly so that it always will remain equal to, or greater than, that of the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. This process will take advantage of the compressors higher recovery rate which is inherent when operating at lower pressures while at the same time giving the compressor the ability to utilize its maximum pressure capacity when needed. 
       Example #1: 
       [0122]    The following example will describe the Hybrid Priority-Fill method and system when used with a 3-stage auto-cascade where the “Sequence-Fill” and “Priority-Fill” operations are initiated simultaneously. 
         [0123]    The compressor or alternate compress gas source is attached to the  74 -Priortiy-Fill inlet. Flow passing through the  66 -FIS will trigger the initiation of the  59 -ESM which will close  50 ,  53  and  56  solenoid valves. As the outlet flow/pressure of the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than, that of the pressure within  46 -pipe or tubing upstream of the  63 -check valve the compressor output will begin to flow to the path of least resistance. Initially this path would be through the  63 ,  64 ,  65 -check valves and the  66 -FIS then into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0124]    If the rate of flow remains above the minimum required to activate the  66 -FIS, The  59 -ESM will continue to hold closed  50 ,  53  and  56 -solenoid valves and the compressor output will continue to flow through  46 -pipe or tubing and past the  66 -FIS then solely into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged achieves the desired pressure. 
         [0125]    If the rate of flow falls below the minimum required to maintain activation of the  66 -FIS, the  59 -ESM will open the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve. As the outlet flow/pressure of the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than, that of the pressure within  46 -pipe or tubing upstream of the  63 -check valve the compressor output will begin to flow to the path of least resistance. Since the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve is open, flow from the  40 -1 st  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube,  64 -check valve,  65 -check valve  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0126]    If the rate of flow remains above the minimum required to activate the  66 -FIS, the  59 -ESM will continue to hold closed the  53  and  56 -solenoid valves allowing flow from the  40 -1 st  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube,  64 -check valve,  65 -check valve  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged achieves the desired pressure. 
         [0127]    If the rate of flow falls below the minimum required to maintain activation of the  66 -FIS, the  59 -ESM will close the  50 -1 st  stage solenoid valve and open the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve. As the outlet flow/pressure of the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than, that of the pressure within  46 -pipe or tubing upstream of the  64 -check valve the compressor output will begin to flow to the path of least resistance. Since the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve is open, flow from the  41 -2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube, appropriate check valves, the  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0128]    If the rate of flow remains above the minimum required to activate the  66 -FIS, The  59 -ESM will continue to hold closed the  50 -1 st  stage and  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves allowing flow from the  41 -2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube,  64 -check valve, appropriate check valves, the  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until it achieves the desired pressure. 
         [0129]    If the rate of flow falls below the minimum required to maintain activation of the  66 -FIS, the  59 -ESM will close the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and open the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve. As the outlet flow/pressure of the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than, that of the pressure within  46 -pipe or tubing upstream of the  65 -check valve the compressor output will begin to flow to the path of least resistance. Since the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve is open, flow from the  42 -3 rd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube, appropriate check valves, the  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0130]    If the rate of flow remains above the minimum required to activate the  66 -FIS, The  59 -ESM will continue to hold closed the  50 -1 st  stage and  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valves allowing flow from the  41 -2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube,  65 -check valve, appropriate check valves, the  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until it achieves the desired pressure. 
         [0131]    The flow process will continue until the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged either achieves the desired pressure or the fill process is stopped by personnel operating the Auto-Cascade system. 
       Example #2: 
       [0132]    The following example will describe the Hybrid Priority-Fill method and system when used with a 3-stage auto-cascade where the “Sequence-Fill” and “Priority-Fill” operations have already began and compressed gas is flowing from the  41 -2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. The compressor or alternate compress gas source is attached to the  74 -Priortiy-Fill inlet. 
         [0133]    When the pressure from the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than that of the pressure in the  46 -pipe or tube upstream of the  64 -check valve, it will begin to flow past the  64  check valve and then jointly with that of the compressor or alternate air source output. 
         [0134]    If the rate of flow remains above the minimum required to activate the  66 -FIS, The  59 -ESM will continue to hold closed the  50 -1 st  stage and  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valves allowing flow from the  41 -2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube,  64 -check valve, appropriate check valves, the  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged until it achieves the desired pressure. 
         [0135]    If the rate of flow falls below the minimum required to maintain activation of the  66 -FIS, the  59 -ESM will close the  53 -2 nd  stage solenoid valve and open the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve. As the outlet flow/pressure of the compressor or alternate air source becomes equal to, or greater than, that of the pressure within  46 -pipe or tubing upstream of the  65 -check valve the compressor output will begin to flow to the path of least resistance. Since the  56 -3 rd  stage solenoid valve is open, flow from the  42 -3 rd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder along with that of the compressor or alternate air source output will jointly flow through the  46 -pipe or tube, appropriate check valves, the  66 -FIS and into the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0136]    The flow process will continue until the  73 -cylinder which is being recharged either achieves the desired pressure or the fill process is stopped by personnel operating the Auto-Cascade system. 
         [0137]    NOTE: While these 2 examples describe the Hybrid Priority-Fill system and method as used on a 3-stage Auto-Cascade system, in actuality, an infinite number of stages may be used. 
       FIG. 3 
       [0138]    This figure demonstrates how one or more of the valve sub-assemblies as seen in the  3 A-subdrawing can be installed to add additional stage(s) into either the Back-Fill or Priority-Fill Flow Indicating Switch based auto-cascade systems. 
         [0139]    The valve assembly described in the  3 A-subdrawing consists of the  91 -compressed gas storage cylinder(s) inlet,  92 -interconnecting pipe or tube,  93 -pressure gauge,  94 -solinoid valve,  95  and  96 -electrical wires,  97 -check valve and the  98 -pipe or tubing. 
         [0140]      FIG. 3  shows the main system connection points the components listed in the  3 A-subdrawing will connect to such as the  98 -pipe or tubing,  95  and  96 -electrical wires. 
         [0141]    If the number of added valve sub-assemblies exceed the available connection points of the PCB (printed circuit boards) within the  99 -ESM, additional auto-cascade PCB(s) can be connected in series and installed within the  99 -ESM to allow for the infinite expansion of the number of auto-cascade stages. 
       FIG. 4 
       [0142]    This figure demonstrates the Single FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) based auto-cascade system when the applied use is to provide Auto-Cascade refilling of Fire Fighters SCBA using a “Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment System” (FBARS) The FBARS requirements are set forth in the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) documentation. 
         [0143]    The FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) controlled Auto-Cascading systems, as discussed in the  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  detailed descriptions, is designed to function as intended when used in conjunction with the FBARS. A stationary Flow Indicating Switch (FIS) controlled Auto-Cascade used in conjunction with a bank of compressed gas storage cylinders can be permanently installed within a structure to provide compressed breathing air to the structures FBARS panel(s). An alternate to the permanently mounted FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system would be a Mobile (truck or trailer mounted) Flow Indicating Switch (FIS) controlled Auto-Cascade used in conjunction with a bank of compressed gas storage cylinders which would connect to the FBARS  119 -Fire Department connection point on the structure to provide compressed breathing air to the structures FBARS panel(s). 
       Basic Component Description: 
       [0144]    In the  FIG. 4  design, the compressed gas supply needed at each of the  111 ,  112  and  113 -FBARS panels will originate at the  118 -primary fill panel then flow through the  127 -compressor outlet pipe or tube and then be discharged into the structures  115 -compressed gas pipe or tube at the  119 -Fire Department connection point. The flow exiting the  118 -primary fill panel will pass through a single FIS installed within, or in close proximity, to the primary fill panel. 
         [0145]    The FIS will send an electrical current or signal to the ESM (Electronic Sequencing Module), any time the flow of compressed gas flow through the FIS exceeds a minimum predetermined quantity. The ESM will interpret this electrical current or signal and then open or close solenoid valves as required any time a SCBA cylinder is being recharged at one of the remote FBARS panels. 
         [0146]    The  4 A-subdrawing show expanded details of the  118 -primary fill panel while the  4 B and  4 C-subdrawings show expanded details of two different styles of individual FBARS panels. 
         [0147]    The individual  111 ,  112 ,  113  and  114 -FBARS panels are interconnected with the  115 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tubing. The FBARS panels may be equipped with an optional  121 -isolation block valve which, when closed, will isolate the compress gas feed to all FBARS panels which are located above or distal to the  121 -isolation block valve. The FBARS panels may also be equipped with an optional  116 -wire bundle which is used to transmit an electric current or signal from the  118 -primary fill panel which will enable the individual FBARS panel  125 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout to mimic that of the  118 -primary panel  120 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout. An optional  122 -wire bundle disconnect should be installed on each of the FBARS panels which, when opened, will isolate the electrical feed to all FBARS panels which are located above or distal to the  122 -wire bundle disconnect. 
         [0000]    FBARS Function when Used with a Mobile FIS Controlled Auto-Cascade System: 
         [0148]    While both the stationary permanently installed or “Fix Mount” and the Mobile FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system functions identically when used in conjunction with the FBARS, in the following example a mobile type cascade will be used. 
       Example: 
       [0149]    A fire has occurred on the 4 th  floor of a 5 story structure. A Mobile FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system has been brought in to supply compressed breathing air to the structures FBARS. 
         [0150]    The  126 -wire bundle and the  127 -pipe or tubing supplying compressed gas from the mobile cascade systems  118 -primary fill panel are attached to their corresponding  116 -wire bundle and  115 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tubing at the structures  119 -Fire Department connection point. 
         [0151]    If the Fire Fighters or Rescue Personnel arriving on the 3 rd  floor of the structure suspect that the  114 -FBARS panel,  115 -FBARS compressed gas distribution pipe or tubing and/or the  116 -wire bundle on the 4 th  floor has been damaged by fire, explosion or other malfunction, the Fire Fighter(s) will close the FBARS  121 -isolation valve and open the  122 -wire bundle disconnect which is located directly above the  113 -FBARS thus isolating the FBARS components which are located on the 4 th  floor. The Fire Fighter or Rescue Personnel then notify the Incident Commander that the  110 -structure FBARS is ready for operation. The Incident Commander then notifies the Cascade system operator who will then open the  118 -primary fill panel  128 -fill valve. 
         [0152]    Opening the  118 -primary fill panel  128 -fill valve will pressurize the  115 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tube via the  127 -pipe or tubing thus pressurizing the  111 ,  112  and  113 -FBARS panels. At the same time of pressurization, the optional  116 -wire bundle will receive an electric current or signal from the  118 -primary fill panel via the  126 -wire bundle which will enable the individual  111 ,  112  and  113 -FBARS panels  125 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout to mimic that of the  118 -primary panel  120 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout. 
         [0153]    The initial flow of compressed gas through the  118 -primary panel FIS, will initiate an electrical current or signal which will activate the ESM and initiate the fill sequence program. As the pressure within the  115 -distribution pipe or tubing equalizes with that of the pressure output of the  118 -primary fill panel and compressed gas flow volume drops below a predetermined quantity, the ESM will go into the “Stand-By” mode. At the same time an electrical current or signal from the ESM will travel through the  126 -wire bundle, into the  116 -wire bundle and activate the active/operational FBARS panel  125 -visual indicator of stage activity lights or readout. The  125 -visual indicator of stage activity will, at this point, indicate that all solenoid valves are in the open position which will indicate that the ESM is in “Stand-By” mode. 
         [0154]    When a Fire Fighter within the fire structure needs to recharge their Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), the SCBA cylinder(s) is attached to the  124 -SCBA connection point of any of the active/operational FBARS panels. NOTE: The connection method used should comply with industry accepted methods such as a “quick fill” connection, a commercially fabricated “Fill enclosure” or the Fire Fighters SCBA “RIT” (Rapid Intervention Team) or “RIC” (Rapid Intervention Crew) fittings, if the situation so necessitates. 
         [0155]    When a SCBA cylinder is connected to a FBARS panel  124 -SCBA connection point and the  123 -fill valve is opened compressed gas from the  115 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tube will begin to flow through the FBARS panel and into the SCBA cylinder(s) which is being recharged. As compressed gas begins to flow into the SCBA cylinder(s) which are being recharged, pressure within the  115 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tube will begin to drop. This pressure drop will cause flow from the  118 -primary fill panel to begin as the  118 -primary fill panel  129 -pressure regulator attempts to maintain a consistent pressure within the FBARS  115 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tube. 
         [0156]    This compressed gas flow through the FIS, which is installed in the  118 -primary fill panel, will initiate the ESM which will now go into “Sequence-Fill” mode. At this point the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade shall operate as described in the  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  detailed descriptions of this document. 
         [0157]    NOTE  1 : The Fire Fighter performing SCBA fill operation using any of the FBARS panel may use the optional  125 -visual indication of stage activity to determine if other FBARS panels are in use and, if so, which stage the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade is in at any specific point in time. This information combined with the FBARS panel  131 -regulated pressure gauge and the SCBA pressure gauge will provide vital information to the Fire Fighter performing the SCBA recharge operation. The visual indication of stage activity will also visible to the operator that is monitoring the  118 -primary fill panel  120 -visual indicator of stage activity. This information will help the operator of the  118 -primary panel determine the approximate numbers of SCBA recharges which are taking place and the total rate of breathing air consumption. This information will assist the  118 -primary panel operator in determining whether there is a sufficient quantity of compressed gas on scene for the duration of the incident or if additional compressed gas will be required to complete the operation. 
         [0158]    NOTE  2 : Since the active/operational  111 ,  112  and  113 -FBARS panels function as a remote extension of the  118 -primary fill panel. The  118 -primary fill panel operator&#39;s sole purpose will be to monitor the system and initiate either the Back-Fill or Hybrid Priority-Fill procedure in the event that the  117 -compressed gas storage cylinder pressures are depleted to a predetermined pressure. 
         [0159]    NOTE  3 : The  118 -primary fill panel shall remain fully operational for use by exterior Fire/Rescue personnel. Since the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system functions by compressed gas “Flow” through the system, SCBA cylinder(s) can be recharged directly from the  118 -primary fill panel  130 -ground level SCBA fill point. 
         [0160]    In the case where the Auto-Cascade system Sequence-Fill mode has already been initiated, and a second or third SCBA cylinder fill is initiated at another location in the system, the ESM will “hold” the Auto-Cascade system in the fill stage which it was in when the additional SCBA cylinder was attached. The ESM will continue to hold the Auto-Cascade in this stage until the SCBA cylinder pressures equalizes. When the two SCBA cylinders pressure equalize and the flow of compressed gas through the FIS drops to a predetermined quantity, the ESM shall initiate and continue the remainder of the fill sequence. 
         [0161]    Optional FBARS Panel Design: 
         [0162]    NOTE 1: The  4 C-subdrawing demonstrate an alternate FBARS panel design where the pressure regulator has been omitted. When this design of FBARS panel is used, the FBARS panel discharge pressure is set solely by use of the  118 -primary panel  129 -pressure regulator. 
         [0163]    NOTE 2: If FBARS panels are used in conjunction with a Fire Fighters SCBA “RIT” (Rapid Intervention Team) or “RIC” (Rapid Intervention Crew) fittings and local codes and regulations permit, the FBARS panel “Fill” and “Bleed” valve may be omitted. 
       FIG. 5 
       [0164]    This figure demonstrates the Multiple FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) based auto-cascade system when the applied use is to provide Auto-Cascade refilling of Fire Fighters SCBA using a “Firefighter Breathing Air Replenishment System” (FBARS) The FBARS requirements are set forth in the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials (IAPMO) documentation. 
         [0165]    The Multiple-FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) controlled Auto-Cascading systems is similar to the Single FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system, as discussed in the  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  detailed descriptions, and is designed to function as intended when used in conjunction with the FBARS. 
         [0166]    A stationary Multiple-Flow Indicating Switch (FIS) controlled Auto-Cascade used in conjunction with a bank of compressed gas storage cylinders may be permanently installed within a structure to provide compressed breathing air to the structures FBARS panel(s). An alternate to the permanently mounted FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system would be a Mobile (truck or trailer mounted) Flow Indicating Switch (FIS) controlled Auto-Cascade used in conjunction with a bank of compressed gas storage cylinders which would connect to the FBARS  159 -Fire Department connection point on the structure to provide compressed breathing air to the structures FBARS panel(s). 
       FIS Location: 
       [0167]    The  FIG. 5  drawing design and operation is the same as that of  FIG. 4  with two exceptions. In this design the FIS (Flow Indicating Switch) which is located within or in close proximity to, the  158 -primary fill panel, is either removal or disabled and then a FIS has been installed in each FBARS panel. 
         [0168]    In this design a FIS has been relocate within each of the  151 ,  152 ,  153  and  154 -FBARS panels. The preferential location in the  5 B-subdrawing would be downstream of the  172 -pressure regulator or  163 -fill valve and upstream of the  173 -bleed valve. Preferential FIS location in the  5 C-subdrawing would be upstream of the  172 -SCBA pressure gauge. In this way the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system will be much quicker to respond to flow due to the FIS being installed near the point of discharge into a SCBA cylinder. 
       Multiple FIS Operating Principle: 
       [0169]    The FIS operates by the “Making” or “Breaking” of a circuit through which an electrical current or signal is passing. For clarity of this description, a simple electrical current will be used. 
         [0170]    The FIS located in each FBARS panel will have a pair, one positive and one negative, of electrical signal wires which run in parallel with each other through the  156 -wire bundle. The multiple pairs of FIS electrical signal wires will terminate within the  159 -Fire Department connection point. Here the electrical signal wires shall be grouped into positive and negative sets and then connected to a single positive and negative terminal at the  159 -Fire Department connection point. In this way the electrical current or signal from all FIS will be combined into a single pair of wires. These wires will then continue to the  158 -primary fill panel ESM (Electronic Sequencing Module) through the  166 -wire bundle. In this manner a single electrical current or signal from the multiple individual FIS will be obtained and transmitted to the ESM. 
         [0171]    Note: It must be remembered that the only external events that will initiate and control the ESM sequencing program will be an electrical current or signal or lack of an electrical current or signal that is received from the total “group” of individual FIS which are installed in the FBARS panels. 
       Example of a Simple Multi-FIS Controlled Auto-Cascade System in Use: 
       [0172]    An SCBA cylinder is being recharged at the  153 -FBARS panel installed on the 3 rd  floor of the structure. The flow passing through the  153 -FBARS panel FIS will complete or “Make” the electrical circuit and sending an electrical current or signal to the ESM thus activating the sequencing program. The initial electrical current or signal from the FIS will initiate the ESM Sequence-Fill program and the Auto-Cascade will open the 1 st  stage solenoid valve while simultaneously closing the 2 nd  and 3 rd  stage solenoid valves thus permitting compressed gas from the 1 st  stage storage cylinder to flow into the SCBA. When the differential pressure between the 1 st  stage compressed gas storage cylinder nears equalization with that of the SCBA cylinder which is being recharged and the flow of compressed gas through the FIS decreases to a predetermined minimal quantity, the FIS electrical circuit will “Break”. When the electrical current or signal is lost, the ESM sequencing program will open the 2 nd  stage solenoid valve thus permitting compressed gas to flow from the 2 nd  stage storage cylinder into the SCBA cylinder which is being recharged. 
         [0173]    Now, at this point, if a second SCBA cylinder is connected to the  151 -FBARS panel which is installed on the 1 st  floor. The flow passing through the  151 -FBARS panel FIS will complete the electrical circuit and sending an electrical current or signal to the ESM. However, since all FIS wire pairs are installed in parallel and the ESM is already receiving the electrical current or signal from the  153 -FBARS panel FIS, the ESM will remain locked into the 2 nd  stage of the fill sequence and will not sequence up and open the 3 rd  stage solenoid valve until flow through both FIS drops below a predetermined quantity and the electrical current or signal from both FIS ceases. 
         [0174]    Since the compressed gas will flow towards the point of least resistance, the compressed gas discharge from the 2 nd  stage compressed gas storage cylinder will flow into the SCBA cylinder which has the lowest pressure. The compressed gas will continue to flow into this cylinder until the pressure equalizes with that of the next higher pressure SCBA cylinder. At this point the compressed gas will flow into both SCBA cylinders simultaneously and at an equal rate. 
         [0175]    NOTE: Due to the secondary check valve function of the FIS, no compressed gas from the highest pressure SCBA cylinder which is connected to the system, will be lost due to upstream flow into the FBARS. 
         [0176]    This flow will continue until the flow through both FIS decrease to a predetermine minimal level at which time electrical current or signal going to the ESM is stopped by both FIS. When this event occurs, the ESM shall continue through its normal sequence-Fill program until the desired SCBA pressure is achieved or the recharge operation is stopped by one or both personnel who are performing the individual SCBA recharge operations. 
         [0177]    NOTE: If only one of the SCBA recharging operations is stopped, the recharge operation of the second SCBA cylinder will automatically continue through the remainder of the ESM recharging sequence. 
       Basic Component Description: 
       [0178]    In the  FIG. 5  design, the compressed gas supply needed at each of the  151 ,  152  and  153 -FBARS panels will originate at the  158 -primary fill panel. The flow exiting the  158 -primary fill panel will pass through the  167 -pipe or tube and into the  155 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tube at the  159 -Fire Department connection point. 
         [0179]    The individual  151 ,  152 ,  153  and  154 -FBARS panels are interconnected with the  155 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tubing. The FBARS panels may be equipped with an optional  161 -isolation block valve which, when closed, will isolate the compress gas feed to all FBARS panels which are located above or distal to the  161 -isolation block valve. The FBARS panels are equipped with a  156 -wire bundle which has the primary function of transmitting a electric current or signal from the individual FIS to the  158 -primary fill panel ESM (Electronic Sequencing Module) which in turn will control the auto-cascade discharge of the various compressed gas storage cylinder stages. 
         [0180]    As an option, additional wires will be included in the  156 -wire bundle and will be used to transmit an electric current or signal from the  158 -primary fill panel which will enable the individual FBARS panel  165 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout to mimic that of the  158 -primary panel  160 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout. An optional  162 -wire bundle disconnect should be installed on each of the FBARS panels which, when opened, will isolate the electrical feed to all FBARS panels which are located above or distal to the  162 -wire bundle disconnect. 
         [0181]    The  5 A-subdrawing show expanded details of the  118 -primary fill panel while the  4 B and  4 C-subdrawings show expanded details of two different styles of individual FBARS panels. 
         [0000]    FBARS Function when Used with a Mobile Multiple FIS Controlled Auto-Cascade System: 
         [0182]    While both the stationary permanently installed or “Fix Mount” and the Mobile FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system functions identically when used in conjunction with the FBARS, in the following example a mobile type cascade will be used. 
         [0000]    Example: Multi-FIS Controlled Auto-Cascade System when Used Under emergency Conditions 
         [0183]    A fire has occurred on the 4th floor of a 5 story structure. A Mobile FIS controlled Auto-Cascade system has been brought in to supply compressed breathing air to the structures FBARS. 
         [0184]    The  166 -wire bundle and the  167 -pipe or tubing supplying compressed gas from the mobile cascade systems  158 -primary fill panel are attached to their corresponding  156 -wire bundle and  155 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tubing at the structures  159 -Fire Department connection point. 
         [0185]    If Fire Fighters or Rescue Personnel arriving on the 3 rd  floor of the structure suspect that the  154 -FBARS panel,  155 -FBARS compressed gas distribution pipe or tubing and/or the  156 -wire bundle on the 4 th  floor has been damaged by fire, explosion or other malfunction, the Fire Fighter(s) will close the FBARS  161 -isolation valve and open the  162 -wire bundle disconnect which is located directly above the  153 -FBARS thus isolating the FBARS components which are located on the 4 th  floor. The Fire Fighter or Rescue Personnel then notify the Incident Commander that the  150 -structure FBARS is ready for operation. The Incident Commander then notifies the Cascade system operator who will then open the  158 -primary fill panel  168 -fill valve. 
         [0186]    Opening the  158 -primary fill panel  168 -fill valve will pressurize the  155 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tube via the  167 -pipe or tubing thus pressurizing the  151 ,  152  and  153 -FBARS panels. At the same time of pressurization, the optional  156 -wire bundle will receive an electric current or signal from the  158 -primary fill panel via the  166 -wire bundle which will enable the individual  151 ,  152  and  153 -FBARS panels  165 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout to mimic that of the  158 -primary panel  160 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout. 
         [0187]    Since all FBARS panels have FIS installed in each and no flow is passing through any of the FIS, the  158 -primary fill panel ESM will initiate into Stand-By mode and open all of the compressed gas storage cylinders solenoid valves. 
         [0188]    NOTE: At the time of system initiation the  158 -primary fill panel  160 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout will “mimic” the entire “group” of FBARS panels  165 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout. If the  158 -primary fill panel  160 -visual indication of stage activity lights or readout indicates a compressed gas flow from one of more individual stage(s) BEFORE Fire Fighting or Rescue Personnel have entered the structure, the  158 -primary panel operator will be able to quickly determine that damage may have occurred to one or more of the FBARS components. 
         [0189]    When a Fire Fighter within the fire structure needs to recharge their Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA), the SCBA cylinder(s) is attached to the  164 -SCBA connection point of any of the active/operational FBARS panels. NOTE: The connection method used should comply with industry accepted methods such as a “quick fill” connection, a commercially fabricated “Fill enclosure” or the Fire Fighters SCBA “RIT” (Rapid Intervention Team) or “RIC” (Rapid Intervention Crew) fittings, if the situation so necessitates. 
         [0190]    When a SCBA cylinder is connected to a FBARS panel  164 -SCBA connection point and the  163 -fill valve is opened, compressed gas from the  155 -compressed gas distribution pipe or tube will begin to flow into the SCBA cylinder(s) which is being recharged. The compressed gas flow through the FIS, which is installed the FBARS fill panel being used, will initiate the ESM which will then go into “Sequence-Fill” mode. At this point the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade shall operate as described in the  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  detailed descriptions of this document. 
         [0191]    NOTE 1: The Fire Fighter performing SCBA fill operation using any of the FBARS panel may use the optional  165 -visual indication of stage activity to determine if other FBARS panels are in use and, if so, which stage the FIS controlled Auto-Cascade is in at any specific point in time. This information combined with the FBARS panel  171 -regulated pressure gauge and the  173 -SCBA pressure gauge will provide vital information to the Fire Fighter performing the SCBA recharge operation. The visual indication of stage activity will also visible to the operator that is monitoring the  158 -primary fill panel  160 -visual indicator of stage activity. This information will help the operator of the  158 -primary panel determine the approximate numbers of SCBA recharges which are taking place and the total rate of breathing air consumption. This combined information will assist the  158 -primary panel operator in determining whether there is a sufficient quantity of compressed gas on scene for the duration of the incident or if additional compressed gas will be required to complete the operation. 
         [0192]    NOTE 2: Since the active/operational  151 ,  152  and  153 -FBARS panels function as a remote extension of the  158 -primary fill panel. The  118 -primary fill panel operator&#39;s sole purpose will be to monitor the system and initiate either the Back-Fill or Hybrid Priority-Fill procedure in the event that the  157 -compressed gas storage cylinder pressures are depleted to a predetermined pressure. 
         [0193]    Optional FBARS Panel Design: 
         [0194]    NOTE 1: The  4 C-subdrawing demonstrate an alternate FBARS panel design where the pressure regulator has been omitted. When this design of FBARS panel is used, the FBARS panel discharge pressure is set solely by use of the  158 -primary panel  169 -pressure regulator. 
         [0195]    NOTE 2: If FBARS panels are used in conjunction with a Fire Fighters SCBA “RIT” (Rapid Intervention Team) or “RIC” (Rapid Intervention Crew) fittings and local codes and regulations permit, the FBARS panel “Fill” and “Bleed” valve may be omitted.