Abstract:
A device for torsion-proof connection of a number of elements (11, 12) in direct or indirect rolling contact with each other, which together make a robot arm or the like, whereby the elements are held together and actuated by force transmitting actuators, for example cords. The object of the present invention is to provide a device with which the individual elements of a robot arm can be torsionally locked so that it can bear significant torsional forces without detoriating the rolling characteristics of the elements. This object has been achieved by the fact that the elements (11, 12; 15) pairwise, with their rolling surfaces (13) turned towards each other, being connected with each other through a torsion member (14) which is flexible and/or joined in the rolling direction of the elements (11, 12) and which has a great stiffness across the rolling direction.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 590,581, filed Feb. 27, 1984, now abandoned. 
    
    
     CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S) 
     This U.S. application stems from PCT International Application No. PCT/SE83/00269 filed July 4, 1983. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a device for torsion-proof cnnnection of a number of elements in direct or indirect rolling contact with each other, which together make a robot arm or the like, where the elements are held together and can be moved by force transmitting actuators, for example cords. 
     In the Swedish Pat. Nos. 7902366-9 and 8001998-7, which correspond in part to U.S. Pat. No. 4,393,728, a robot arm is described which is especially characterized by having a great flexibility in different planes, whereby its ability to get around barriers is great. It can thus be inserted in curved or angled spaces, which previously was almost impossible. The great flexibility of the robot arm is achieved because the arm consists of a larger number of disc-like elements which have a rolling contact with each other. 
     An absolute requirement for robot arms of this type is that in addition to a relatively large weight bearing capability at the free end of the arm it be possible to transmit torques and maintain large torsional moments. The relatively poor torsional resistance of cord maneuvered robot arms, which is caused by the rounded form of the individual elements, has indeed been improved through providing the rolling surfaces of the elements with teeth or the like, which engage each other, but in many cases another torsion locking of the elements is desirable. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of the present invention is to provide a device with which the individual elements of a robot arm can be torsionally locked so that they can bear significant torsional forces without deteriorating the rolling characteristics of the elements. This object has been achieved by connecting at least the first and the last elements in an element pair or group of elements together through a torsion member which is flexible and/or jointed in the rolling direction of the elements and which has a great stiffness across the rolling direction. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a side elevational view, partly in cross-section, of two cooperating elements provided with torsion members according to the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the elements of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a modified embodiment of the elements shown in FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view which shows a variation of the torsion lock shown in FIGS. 1 and 2; 
     FIG. 5 is a perspective view of another embodiment of an element pair where the torque and force bearing members are placed outside the elements; 
     FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a number of elements which have their rolling surfaces oriented in the same direction in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 7 is a perspective view of an additional embodiment where the torsion member is arranged across the rolling direction of the elements; 
     FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a cross-like embodiment of the torsion member; 
     FIG. 9 is a perspective and partly exploded view of a modified embodiment of the variant shown in FIG. 5; 
     FIG. 10 is an exploded perspective view of an embodiment of the cross-like torsion member; 
     FIG. 11 is a perspective view of an additional embodiment of the torsion member according to the invention; 
     FIG. 12 is a side elevational view partly in cross section of a modification of the embodiment shown in FIG. 8; 
     FIG. 13 is a side elevational view of an embodiment with pivotally connected torsion members; 
     FIG. 14 is a perspective view of an additional embodiment of two elements provided with torsion members according to the invention; 
     FIG. 15 is a perspective cross-sectional view of a further embodiment wherein torsion members are in the form of a bellows containing a group of elements; and 
     FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the lower part of a robot arm with torsion members according to the embodiment of FIG. 8. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     FIGS. 1 and 2 show an embodiment consisting of two identical elements 11 and 12 shaped with single-curved surfaces 13 facing toward each other, which are in rolling contact with each other and are connected with each other via a torsion member 14. This can consist of for example a steel wire, appropriately of spring steel, which is fastened at one end to the side edge of one element 11, while the other end is connected to the corresponding side edge of the other element 12 located directly opposite. The connection of the torsion member 14 with the elements can be achieved in a number of different ways, e.g. by welding, riveting, screw fastening or through grooves in the elements in which the ends of the torsion members are fixed. 
     The cooperating elements 11 and 12 cooperating in the above described way and the rolling surfaces 13 thereof which are turned toward each other, are called an element pair in the following description. 
     As is clear from FIG. 3 the two elements need not be shaped with single- or double curved rolling surfaces, but included in the scope of the invention is the possibility of shaping an element 15 for example as a plane 13&#39; or even with a slightly convex or concave curve with significantly larger radius of curvature than the radius of curvature of the other cooperating element. In FIG. 3 the torsion member 14&#39; is thus attached to the side edge of the element 11 by one end, while the other end is fastened to the plane element 15. 
     The elements 11, 12 and 15, on the plane side from the rolling surface 13, 13&#39; are provided with projecting portions 16, which contain holes 17 for receiving the cords 10 (FIG. 16) which are acted on by actuators 9 and which connect the first and last elements (outer elements) in a group of elements. 
     The elements pairs can naturally be arranged in other relative rotational positions than the 90° mentioned. The element pairs can for example be rotatable only a few degrees relative to each other, so that they are placed in a screw line formation. 
     The torsion member 14 can extend over the whole width of the element, out it can also advantageously be divided into several narrower bands which are alternately connected with respective elements 14a, 14b, 14c , as shown in FIG. 4. As seen in FIG. 4, element 12 has spaced, raised shoulder portions 14a and 14c. The element 11 has a central, raised portion which is received between the shoulders 14a and 14c. 
     FIG. 5 shows an embodiment where the torsion members are placed outside the elements 11 and 12. Each element pair includes two torsion plates 40 and 41, which each include a central middle section 18 and on the sides thereof slightly angled side sections 19. At the outer end the torsion plate is provided with a narrow strip 21 which is mainly parallel to the middle section 18. The two torsion plates 40 and 41 are connected at the outer ends 21 for example by spot welding and in that way make a torsion member. Because the middle section 18 has mainly the same size and shape as the plane &#34;back&#34; surface of the elements 11 and 12, these will be locked against rotation relative to the torsion member. 
     For certain applications it can be appropriate to arrange a group of elements with their rolling planes placed in the same direction as shown in FIG. 6, and in such arrangements it is possible to arrange the torsion member 43 as a continuous length which extends from the first element 11 to the last element 12 in the element group. 
     The side sections 19 of the torsion members outside the elements need not necessarily be arranged in the rolling direction of the elements as shown in FIG. 5, but can also be arranged perpendicular to the rolling direction is shown at 19&#39; in FIG. 7. It is also possible to arrange the torsion members in both these directions, that is a combination of what is shown in FIGS. 5 and 7. 
     In FIG. 8 is shown an embodiment where each individual torsion manner 44 is cross-shaped and made of an appropriate spring steel material. The cross-shaped member has a central part (not visible) for receiving elements 11 and 12 respectively on each opposite flat side so that the elements are on opposite sides of the central part. The elements do not belong to the same element pair but belong to respective pairs. The parts 19&#34; outside the elements, that is one arm pair of the cross member, are both curved at an angle towards the central part, while the other outside parts 20 are curved in the opposite direction relative to the parts 19. The end parts 19&#34;, 20 of each arm pair are intended to be connected to the corresponding outer parts of the adjacent torsion member. The connection between the outer parts can be permanent, for example by welds, but other means of connection are possible, for instance screw fastenings. 
     As can be seen in FIG. 8 the rolling direction of every sound element pair is rotated 90° relative to each other, so that the arms 19&#34; and 20 respectively are placed in the direction of the extension of the rolling direction. In order to obtain an even stiffer construction a plane plate 22 can be placed between each element pair 11, 12, preferably of spring steel, which at both its ends is fastened to the ends of the parts 19&#34; and 22, respectively, as shown in FIG. 9. Possibly the parts 19&#34; and 20 can be shaped with stiffeners inserted in the plates, which is indicated on two parts. 
     FIG. 10 shows an embodiment where the same great stiffness is obtained as in FIG. 9 but without affecting the flexibility of the arm pairs. This is obtained by replacing the plate 22 in FIG. 9 with a plate-shaped frame 23, which at a distance surrounds the element pair 11, 12. In the same way as the plate 22 the frame is fixed to the arms 19&#34; and 20 respectively of two adjacent torsion members 44. 
     A further variant of the torsion members is shown in FIG. 11, where the members have a partially bellows-like form. Each torsion member comprises a planar member, for example an eight-sided plate, 24 which in the same way as the cross-shaped part according to FIGS. 8-10 is placed between two elements of an element pair and connecting pieces 25 in the extension of the rolling surface between two adjacent plates 24 the connecting pieces 25 having V-shaped cross sections, which are fastened by their shank ends 27 to the edge parts 26 of the plates 24. 
     In FIG. 12 is shown a modified embodiment of the device according to FIG. 11, where the fixed connections at the edge parts 27 and the shank ends 26 have been replaced by joint connections 28, for example, in the form of piano hinges. 
     Instead of connecting the plates 24&#39; with connection pieces 25, as shown in FIG. 12, they can be attached to the elements 11 and 12 in a flexible bearing, which is shown in the embodiment according to FIG. 13. At the oppositely placed side edges of the elements 11, 12 are flexibly attached at 46 torsion members 29, which consist of two hinge flanges 30 and 31. 
     An additional embodiment is shown in FIG. 14. On the end sides 32 and 33 of the elements 11 and 12, across the rolling direction of the elements at the beginning and final ends of the rolling surface, pins 34 are fixed, which act as bearing axles for the torsion members 47, which in this embodiment consist of steel bands 35, which are loop shaped at the ends for fitting the pins 34. 
     In FIG. 15 is finally shown an embodiment where a group of elements has a continuous torsion member 48 in the form of a cross-sectionally preferably circular bellows, and where the folded bellows sides 38 are made of a stiff material. In this embodiment only the first and last elements of the group are connected with the end pieces 36 and 37 of the bellows, and the ends 39 of the wires 10 are attached to the end piece 36. 
     The invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described, but a number of variations are possible within the scope of the claims. Thus the elements 11, 12 can be arranged in groups so that their rolling surface is turned in the same direction, said embodiment being appropriate if the robot arm is to perform a motion only in that direction. In the description and in the drawings only single-curved elements have been shown, but the torsion members according to the invention can of course also be used with elements with double curved rolling surfaces.