Abstract:
A filtering method and apparatus for a hand-held computing device such as a palmtop computer. The operating system&#39;s program registry is copied and then modified to direct all application data to a filter program such as a virus scanning filter program. If the filter program determines that the object is virus free, the copy of the program registry (filter registry) is queried by the filter program to determine the application program associated with the data object. The data object is then forwarded to the appropriate application program.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the field of palmtop computers and similar hand-held de vices. More particularly, one embodiment of the present invention relates to virus protection for such hand-held devices. 
     BACKGROUND 
     As the components required to build a computer system have reduced in size, new categories of computer systems have emerged. One of the new categories of computer systems is the “palmtop” computer system. A palmtop computer system is a computer that is small enough to be held in the hand of a user and can be “palm-sized.” Most palmtop computer systems are used to implement various Personal Information Management (PIM) applications such as an address book, a daily organizer and electronic notepads, to name a few. Such palmtop computers are currently commercially available an the form of Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs) as well as other forms such as portable telephones and the like. 
     When the operating systems for such devices (e.g., the Palm™ operating system) were originally developed, such devices were standalone personal information managers that were used with little or no information exchanged with other devices (excluding perhaps a host computer). As the devices evolved, greater interactivity was developed so that the devices can more easily communicate with outside sources of data such as the Internet, Email, infrared communication, etc. As such interactivity becomes more commonplace, the vulnerability of hand-held devices to attacks by viruses increases. Such attacks may not have been initially contemplated in the original design of the operating system, so a mechanism for filtering out viruses is not built in. 
     Hand-held devices capable of receiving data from an external source (IR port, serial port, modem card, etc) generally keep a registry of device applications and the type of data objects they support. (This registry is called the registry in the Palm operating system, by Palm Computing, Inc., Santa Clara, Calif. and is accessed by the Exchange Manager software. Similar functions are carried out by the ShellExecute function in Microsoft Corporation&#39;s (Redmond, Wash.) Windows CE™ as well as in certain web browser programs such as Microsoft Corporation&#39;s Pocket Internet Explorer™. These functions similarly access a registry-like file to determine program associations and are considered equivalent for purposes of the present invention.) This registry is used to determine which application(s) will process the incoming data object. The normal process used to associate data objects with applications is illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
     When an incoming data object  20  is received by a hand-held device such as  24 , the Exchange Manager (or equivalent software) determines which application is associated with the data object at  28  by reference to a registry  32 . The registry, in part, forms a database of data types and the application with which the particular data type is associated. Once the data type is identified as associated with a particular application, the data object is forwarded the designated application  36 . 
     Under this arrangement, a hand-held device can easily be infected by a virus since there is no good mechanism for intercepting the virus within an incoming data object before the virus reaches the target application. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Accordingly, what is needed is a mechanism for filtering out viruses and carrying out other filtering operation that can be used in conjunction with hand-held device operating systems. 
     In accordance with certain embodiments of the invention, a filtering method and apparatus for a hand-held computing device such as a palmtop computer is provided. The operating system&#39;s program registry is copied and then modified to direct all application data to a filter program such as a virus scanning filter program. If the filter program determines that the object is virus free, the copy of the program registry (filter registry) is queried by the filter program to determine the application program associated with the data object. The data object is then forwarded to the appropriate application program. This provides the advantage of being able to implement filtering programs within the framework of existing operating systems that currently exhibit vulnerability to virus infection and also provides a mechanism for other filtering programs such as use monitoring. 
     A method consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention, of filtering data objects in a hand-held computer device, includes receiving a data object at the hand-held computer device; referencing a program registry to determine an application program associated with the data object, wherein the program registry designates that all data objects are associated with a filter program; carrying out a filtering operation on the data object at the filter program; determining from a filter registry which application program is associated with the data object; and directing the data object to the application program. 
     A method consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention, of virus filtering data objects in a hand-held computer device, includes receiving a data object at the hand-held computer device; referencing a program registry to determine an application program associated with the data object, wherein the program registry designates that all data objects are associated with a filter program; carrying out a virus scan filtering operation on the data object at the filter program; in the event a virus is detected: taking a virus infection avoidance action; and in the event a virus is not detected: determining from a filter registry which application program is associated with the data object, and directing the data object to the application program. 
     A hand-held computer device, consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention has a processor. An input circuit receives a data object destined for the hand-held computer device. A program registry designates that all data objects received are associated with a filter program. An exchange manager program determines which application is associated with a data object by referencing the program registry. The filtering program runs on the processor and carries out a filtering operation on the received data object. A filter registry associates application programs with data objects. The filter program determines from the filter registry which application program is associated with a received data object and directs the data object to the application program. 
     A hand-held computer device, consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention, has a processor. An input circuit receives a data object destined for the hand-held computer device. A program registry designates that all data objects received are associated with a filter program. An exchange manager program determines which application is associated with a data object by referencing the program registry. The filtering program runs on the processor and carries out a virus scan filtering operation on the received data object. A filter registry associates application programs with data objects, wherein the filter program determines from the filter registry which application program is associated with a received data object and directs the data object to the application program. In the event a virus is detected in the filtering operation, the filter program further takes a virus infection avoidance action. 
     The above summaries are intended to illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention, which will be best understood in conjunction with the detailed description to follow, and are not intended to limit the scope of the appended claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  illustrates the normal mechanism used to associate an incoming data object with an application in a hand-held device. 
         FIG. 2  is a logical block diagram of a palmtop computer system or other hand-held device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates a filtering application mechanism consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention. 
         FIG. 4  shows a process for installation of a filtering application consistent with certain embodiments of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     in the following detailed description of the present invention, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be recognized by one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details or with equivalents thereof. In other instances, well known methods, procedures, components, and circuits have not been described in detail as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the present invention. 
     NOTATION AND NOMENCLATURE  
     Some portions of the detailed descriptions which follow are presented in terms of procedures, steps, logic blocks, processing, and other symbolic representations of operations on data bits that can be performed on computer memory. These descriptions and representations are the means used by those skilled in the data processing arts to most effectively convey the substance of their work to others skilled in the art. A procedure, computer executed step, logic block, process, etc., is here, and generally, conceived to be a self-consistent sequence of steps or instructions leading to a desired result. The steps are those requiring physical manipulations of physical quantities. 
     Usually, though not necessarily, these quantities take the form of electrical or magnetic signals capable of being stored, transferred, combined, compared, and otherwise manipulated in a computer system. It has proven convenient at times, principally for reasons of common usage, to refer to these signals as bits, values, elements, symbols, characters, terms, numbers, or the like. 
     It should be borne in mind, however, that all of these and similar terms are to be associated with the appropriate physical quantities and are merely convenient labels applied to these quantities. Unless specifically stated otherwise as apparent from the following discussions, it is appreciated that throughout the present invention, discussions utilizing terms such as “detecting” or “referencing” or “installing” or “modifying” or “updating” or “determining” or “copying” or “receiving” or the like, refer to the action and processes of a computer system, or similar electronic computing device, that manipulates and transforms data represented as physical (electronic) quantities within the computer system&#39;s registers and memories into other data similarly represented as physical quantities within the computer system memories or registers or other such information storage, transmission or display devices. 
     Hand-Held Device Filtering in Accordance with the Present Invention 
     While this invention is susceptible of embodiment in many different forms, there is shown in the drawings and will herein be described in detail specific embodiments, with the understanding that the present disclosure is to be considered as an example of the principles of the invention and not intended to limit the invention to the specific embodiments shown and described. In the description below, like reference numerals are used to describe the same, similar or corresponding parts in the several views of the drawings. 
       FIG. 2  illustrates circuitry of computer system  100 , some of which can be implemented within a hand-held device such as  24  and similar devices consistent with the present invention. Examples of such hand-held devices are commercially available from Palm Computing, Inc., 5470 Great America Parkway, Santa Clara, Calif. 95054. Computer system  100  includes an address/data bus  110  for communicating information, a central processor  101  coupled with the bus for processing information and instructions, a volatile memory  102  (e.g., random access memory RAM) coupled with the bus  110  for storing information and instructions for the central processor  101  and a non-volatile memory  103  (e.g., read only memory ROM) coupled with the bus  110  for storing static information and instructions for the processor  101 . Computer system  100  also includes an optional data storage device  104  (e.g., memory stick, SD memory, etc.) coupled with the bus  100  for storing information and instructions. Device  104  can be removable. As described above, system  100  also contains a display device  105  coupled to the bus  110  for displaying information to the computer user. The display device  105  is generally of limited resolution of M×N pixels—limited primarily by the size of the hand-held device. 
     Also included in computer system  100  of  FIG. 2  is an optional alphanumeric input device  106  which in one implementation is a handwriting recognition pad (“digitizer”) having regions  106   a  and  106   b  ( FIG. 2A ), for instance. Device  106  can communicate information and command selections to the central processor  101 . System  110  also includes an optional cursor control or directing device  107  coupled to the bus for communicating user input information and command selections to the central processor  101 . In one implementation, device  107  is a touch screen device incorporated with screen  105 . Device  107  is capable of registering a position on the screen  105  where the stylus makes contact. The display device  105  utilized with the computer system  110  may be a liquid crystal device, cathode ray tube (CRT), field emission device (FED, also called flat panel CRT) or other display device suitable for creating graphic images and alphanumeric characters recognizable to the user. In the preferred embodiment, display  105  is a flat panel display. 
     Signal communication device  108 , also coupled to bus  110  in the illustrated embodiment, can be a serial port for communicating with a host computer through a cradle. Device  108  can also include an infrared communication port. Operating system software or firmware, Email software or firmware as well as other software or firmware such as browser software or firmware can be stored in ROM  103  and/or RAM  102  and/or data storage device  104  along with so called “plug-ins”. 
     As described above, the hand-held device  24  incorporating computer  100  may be susceptible to attack by a computer virus forming a part of an incoming data object  20 . With reference to  FIG. 3 , illustrating an embodiment consistent with the present invention, a filter program  200  scans incoming data objects and attempt to avoid infection of the computer  100  with a virus. In this embodiment, a copy  208  of the existing registry is made to capture existing settings. The registry is then modified as registry  208  to associate all supported data types to a single filter application  200  that will handle the data received. By making this modification to the directory, the registry always returns the filter application  200  as a result (application association) of a query by the exchange manager  28 . This filter application  200  thus initially receives all incoming data objects  20  and analyzes them at  212  to determine if they contain known viruses or other harmful content. If the data object is found to contain a known virus at  216 , an appropriate action can be taken (e.g., remove data object and inform user at  220 ) to avoid infection of the computer  100 . 
     When the incoming data object  20  has been processed and determined not to contain a virus, the filter application  200  determines from the copy of the registry  204  which device application is associated with the data object  20  at  224  and passes the data object  20  to the appropriate application  36  based on the information stored on the copy of the registry  204  made during installation. The filter application  200  monitors the hand-held device&#39;s registry  208  to detect any modifications as a result of a new application installations and to take the appropriate action to capture the new settings in the registry copy  204  and to overwrite any new data object associations. This update process can be carried out in any suitable manner that will be evident to those skilled in the art. 
     In general, filter applications such as virus scanning filters utilize a database of virus definitions that are periodically updated. In order to permit this type of update, a particular data object type can be designated to permit the virus scanning filter to receive its own updates. Such updates can include, but are not limited to, updates for new viruses or worms, although the source and integrity of the updates should be carefully validated to avoid compromising the security of the hand-held device. Other types of filters can similarly define specific data types that are used for updates. 
     The changes made to the Exchange Manager&#39;s program registry are illustrated in  FIG. 4 . Considering, in particular, the Palm Operating System, version 3.x, the Exchange Manager is the interface used by Palm OS powered devices to send or receive data typed objects, as previously mentioned. The Exchange Manager maintains a registry of applications and the type of data they can receive (the program registry  32 ). The data coming into Exchange Manager contains a stream of information about its contents (header information). Exchange Manager determines which application handles the data by inspecting the header information. The header information can contain any or all of a Creator&#39;s ID, a MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension) type and a File extension. If the Creator&#39;s ID is specified, Exchange Manager uses that information to determine the target application. Otherwise it matches the provided MIME type or file extension with an appropriate default application stored in its program registry. 
     In order to provide a mechanism to examine all incoming data objects prior to being passed to the registered application, the copy of the Exchange Manager&#39;s program registry is made, as described above, to capture the existing application/data type mappings and becomes the filter registry  204 . The program registry is then modified to associate all supported data types to a filter application  200  that handles the data received to become the new program registry  208 . 
     To effect these changes, an installation process such as  304  (which is illustrated in connection with the Palm OS) is carried out to install the anti-virus filtering program as follows. The Palm&#39;s ExgRegisterDatatype function is called to associate existing MIME and file extension object types with the filter application. In some cases, the exchange socket structure of the incoming data object identifies a particular creator ID as the recipient for the data. To accommodate for this, the filter application takes advantage of the Palm&#39;s ExgSetDefaultApplication function, which allows an application to register for another application&#39;s creator ID. 
     After these changes have been made, the filter application  200  receives all incoming data objects  20  processed by the Exchange Manager. In the present implementation, this filter application  200  analyzes the data  20  received to determine if it contains known viruses or other harmful content and takes an appropriate action. 
     On Palm OS 4.0, the Exchange Manager allows the exchange library to turn off a confirmation dialog, making the Palm OS-powered device particularly vulnerable to this type of threat. Once the filter application has processed the incoming data, the copy of the Exchange Manager registry is used to determine the target application responsible for handling the received data object. New application installs can modify the Exchange Manager registry. Currently, Palm OS only allows one active application at the time. However, Palm OS has a mechanism called launch codes by which all applications are informed whenever certain events take place, such as a Palm&#39;s HotSync operation (sysAppLaunchCmdSyncNotify in the Palm Operating System) or a system reset (sysAppLaunchCmdSystemReset in the Palm Operating System). In one embodiment consistent with the present invention, the filter application  200  takes advantage of these launch codes to detect Exchange Manager registry changes, update its registry database and modify the Exchange Manager registry to continue handling all incoming data objects. 
     A particular MIME type or extension can be associated with the filter application to receive its own updates such as updates for new viruses or worms. The source and integrity of the updates can be validated via existing object signing techniques or other techniques for verifying the integrity and source of the update. 
     Those skilled in the art will recognize that the present invention has been described in terms of exemplary embodiments based upon use of a programmed processor. However, the invention should not be so limited, since the present invention could be implemented using hardware component equivalents such as special purpose hardware and/or dedicated processors which are equivalents to the invention as described and claimed. Similarly, general purpose computers, microprocessor based computers, micro-controllers, optical computers, analog computers, dedicated processors and/or dedicated hard wired logic may be used to construct alternative equivalent embodiments of the present invention. 
     Those skilled in the art will also appreciate that the embodiments described above can be implemented using disc storage as well as other forms of storage including Read Only Memory (ROM) devices, Random Access Memory (RAM) devices; optical storage elements, magnetic storage elements, magneto-optical storage elements, flash memory, core memory and/or other equivalent storage technologies without departing from the present invention. Such alternative storage devices should be considered equivalents. 
     The present invention is preferably implemented using a programmed processor executing programming instructions that are broadly described above in flow chart form and can be stored on any suitable electronic storage medium. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the processes described above can be implemented in any number of variations and in many suitable programming languages without departing from the present invention. For example, the order of certain operations carried out can often be varied, and additional operations can be added without departing from the invention. Error trapping can be added and/or enhanced and variations can be made in user interface and information presentation without departing from the present invention. Such variations are contemplated and considered equivalent. 
     While the invention has been described in conjunction with specific embodiments, it is evident that many alternatives, modifications, permutations and variations will become apparent to those skilled in the art in light of the foregoing description. Accordingly, it is intended that the present invention embrace all such alternatives, modifications and variations as fall within the scope of the appended claims.