Abstract:
A skydiving garment provides a wearer with enhanced control, maneuverability, and extended gliding range during free-fall. The garment includes ram-air structures that form under the sleeves, between the legs and around other selected parts of the wearer&#39;s body respectively. There are ram air pocket entries to these ram-air structures, improved zippers and zipper release mechanisms, all to provide increased safety during launch, glide, parachute opening and landing.

Description:
PATENTS CITED 
     The following documents and references are incorporated by reference in their entirety; Tatrin (U.S. Pat. No. 1,257,049), Ansley (U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,768) or Sohn et al (U.S. Pat. No. 2,067,423). 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a jumpsuit for controlled freefalling, and more particularly to a jumpsuit having expansible ram-air formed wing areas around the body, and means for controlling the expansion and contraction of these wing areas. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Parachuting often includes “free-fall” between exiting an aircraft and the deployment of a parachute. During free-fall, the parachutist configures his/her body to maneuver through the air, adjust fall rate, and control lateral movement with respect to the ground. While free-falling, parachutists face the earth, the back is arched, the pelvis is down, the arms are out with elbows bent, and the legs are bent at the knees with the feet extending upwards away from the earth. 
     Jumpers look to expand their time in the air, with the extreme being military jumpers who practice HALO (High-altitude, Low opening), whereas they jump from an aircraft at commercial cruising altitudes (e.g. 10,000 meters) and glide until no more than 200 meters above the target. In this fashion, the jumper resembles an aircraft (albeit a glider), and both commercial and military jumpers desire maximum gliding range. 
     Of course, unlike a glider, all lift assisting and control surfaces must be collapsible to the point of allowing the jumper to both exit the aircraft, deploy the parachute, and land. For this reason, most previous efforts have consisted of arrangements that replicate animals such as flying squirrels. Such is the case of Tatrin (U.S. Pat. No. 1,257,049), Ansley (U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,768) or Sohn et al (U.S. Pat. No. 2,067,423), the proceedings of which are all incorporated herein by reference. 
     These have all shown a limitation, evident in their performance. There remains a need for a collapsible jumpsuit implementing lift assisting and control surfaces that will enhance the gliding performance of jumpers. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This section is for the purpose of summarizing some aspects of the present invention and to briefly introduce some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made to avoid obscuring the purpose of the section. Such simplifications or omissions are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. 
     In one aspect the invention is a skydiving garment comprising, a suit adapted to fit the wearer, said suit having interconnected torso, groin, sleeves and leg portions; said suit having two or more expansible ram-air formed wing portions interconnecting each said sleeve portion with said torso portion, each said wing being formed of two or more interconnected air chambers, said chambers having one or more air scoops and one or more air exit openings; and said suit having an expansible ram-air formed tail portion interconnecting each said leg portions with said groin portion, said tail having two or more interconnected air chamber, said chambers having one or more air scoops and one or more air exit openings. In another aspect the entry opening to at least one said air scoop is angled. In yet another aspect the edges of the tail portion are connected to the legs of the user via releasable mechanical attachment means; and the upper portion of each wing portion is attached to the sleeve portion via releasable mechanical attachment means. 
     In another aspect, said leg releasable mechanical attachment means are comprised of a leg lanyard covered by a flap whose distal end is attached to a zipper. In one aspect, said sleeve releasable mechanical attachment means are comprised of a shoulder lanyard covered by a flap whose length attaches grummets and loops to each other. In yet another aspect, said shoulder lanyard is linked to the parachute risers. In one aspect, removable or fixed fans, blowers or ducted fans are fitted into the air scoops. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon examining the following detailed description of an embodiment thereof, taken in conjunction with the attached drawings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIGS. 1 ,  2 ,  3 A- 3 D show an illustration of a Skydiving garment with enhanced aerodynamic control according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 4A-4B  show an illustration of the aerodynamic forces on a skydiver during a jump, according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 5A-5B  and  7 A- 7 B show illustrations of the air scoops according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
         FIGS. 6A-6E  show an illustration of the air chamber or baffle walls and valves according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIGS. 8A-8C  show an illustration of the covered release/opening lanyard according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
         FIGS. 9A-9B  show C-press seam zippers. 
         FIGS. 10A-10J  show illustrations of the automatic release system and its main components according to exemplary embodiments of the invention. 
     
    
    
     The above-described and other features will be appreciated and understood by those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, drawings, and appended claims. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     To provide an overall understanding of the invention, certain illustrative embodiments and examples will now be described. However, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art that the same or equivalent functions and sequences may be accomplished by different embodiments that are also intended to be encompassed within the spirit and scope of the disclosure. The compositions, apparatuses, systems and/or methods described herein may be adapted and modified as is appropriate for the application being addressed and that those described herein may be employed in other suitable applications, and that such other additions and modifications will not depart from the scope hereof. 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , we see an embodiment  100  of a skydiving garment or bodysuit, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. The suit is comprised of interconnected torso  310 , groin  312 , arm sleeves  314  and leg cover  316  portions. There are neck  102 , leg  104  and arm  106  openings. On each side of the torso section  108 , there are the lift assist and control surfaces, comprised of wings  110 , tail  112  and keel  114 . 
     The wings  110  are comprised of a ram-air inflatable structure spanning the triangular shaped area defined by sides formed by the sleeves and torso of the suit, including all or portions of the user&#39;s arms, axilla (or underarm) and torso down to the waist. The tail  112  spans the roughly triangular area defined between the human legs (i.e. from the ankles and the groin). The keel  114  extends from below the neck to the groin area. 
     As we see in  FIG. 2 , these control surfaces may be tailored to the skill of the user. In this fashion, the size of the surfaces may be smallest in a student suit  202 , than in a intermediate suit  204 , and largest in an advance suit  206 . Referring to  FIGS. 3A-3D , we shown a back view  302  of the suit, and a front view  350  when a user deploys or “opens” the wings  110  and tail surfaces  112 . In one embodiment, the tail  112  section edges are permanently secured to the leg  104  portions. In an alternate embodiment, the sides of the tail  112  are secured to the legs  104  via releasable means  306  (one or more on each side) which extent the all or part of the length of the leg. 
       FIGS. 4A-4B  illustrates the pressures to which a wearer&#39;s body is subjected as they move through the air. It is this movement, in one embodiment, that is used to feed the one or more air scoops  118  that generate the ram air used to inflate the lift assist structures (wing  110 , tail  112  and keel  114 ) through one or more air scoops  118 ,  120 . The intake from these air scoops inflates and flows through a series of chambers sewn into the fabric  122 ,  124 , before exiting through openings. As seen in  FIG. 4B , the longer path  402  followed by the air flowing over the wing  110  and tail  112 , assists with lift. 
     Referring to  FIGS. 5A-5B , we illustrate the details of the air scoops  118 ,  120 ,  122  feeding two or more chambers  122 ,  124  that form parts of the tail  112  structure. In one embodiment  122  the scoop is parallel to a line drawn across the body&#39;s midsection. In an alternate embodiment, they are curved  118 ,  120  in order to facilitate the entry of the air. In an alternate embodiment, similar polarity magnets are sewn around the scoop&#39;s  118  edge  562 , the rejection experienced by similar polarity magnets in opposite sides of the opening helps keep it open. 
     The air flow  550 ,  552 ,  554  entering the scoops  118 ,  120 ,  122  is led into a respective chamber or baffle via a narrowed openings  556 ,  558 ,  560 . These may be shaped as shown (circular), or any other shape which would act as a flow restrictor for air trying to go out back via the scoop. This could potentially include a mechanical air valve. In this fashion, the chamber or baffle  122 ,  124  acts as a cushioned air member that resists deflating. 
     In flight, the tail  112  assists in providing pitch control to the free falling jumper, with the respective wings  110  provide both lift and controllability in left/right turning. The keel  114  provides stability assistance to the jumper, as well as providing some directional stability during maneuvers. 
       FIGS. 6A-6E  shows the internal walls separating the chambers or baffles from each other according to an exemplary embodiment. The panel structure walls  600  have one or more valves or slits  602 ,  604 ,  606  connecting one chamber  122  to another  124 . In this fashion, the air flows in parallel from a chamber closest to the air scoop to another, until it reaches one or more exit openings. In the case of the wing  110 , it enters via air scoop  120 , flows from one chamber or baffle to another in an outward direction, until it exits via an opening  126  near the hand. Similarly, the air scoops may be located in the back  304 . 
     In an alternate embodiment, the walls are made without the valves or slits  650  and instead the air flow within the cavities is guided to go through connected openings alternatively placed in their connecting walls at their alternating tops and bottoms ( 652 ,  652 ,  654 ,  656 ,  658 ) at their tops and bottoms in a serpentine fashion (top to top, bottom to bottom), so the air flows from one to the other until it gets to the exit opening  660 ,  662 . The same structure within a wing  110  may be accomplished. 
     Once the air flows, it exits (in the case of the wings  110 ) via openings are located either near the axilla  310  and/or near the back  312 , where the parachute straps enter the suit to secure the jumper&#39;s body. In the case of the tail  112 , the air escapes through one or more openings near the heel  660 ,  662  in one embodiment, or an opening near the groin, or a combination thereof. 
     For base jumpers, who require fast inflation, battery, solar or gas powered fixed or removable fans, blowers or ducted fans  680  may be used to feed air into the chambers or baffles before jumping. In this fashion, the suit is ready to provide lift assistance before jumping. One possible unit would be the Turbax Fan system, used for RC airplanes. 
     In an alternate embodiment, the fans are wired so that they become generators during descent. In this fashion, the air coming through the air scoops operates as an energy source. This may be used to operate lights, radios and/or safety devices. 
     As seen in  FIGS. 7A-7B  the openings may be curved or squared among many other choices. To facilitate air entry, in an alternate embodiment, similar polarity magnets are sewn around the scoop&#39;s  118  edge  562 . 
     Once the user is ready to deploy the parachute, it becomes an advantage for the user to release the tail  112  edges at the point where they are attached to the inside of the legs of the user. In one embodiment, Referring to  FIGS. 8A-8C , the opening tail  112  edges are sawn to the inside of the legs via releasable means  306  along one or both legs, preferably on the inside. In one embodiment, the releasable means are a zippers, which may be C-press seam sealers, particularly when they are exposed to the air stream. 
     To release, the jumper pulls on the ends  802  of a cord or lanyard  804 , at any point during the descent, but preferably after the parachute canopy has opened  806 . In this fashion, the user now moving down at a decelerated speed, and the air scoops are not inflating the wings  110  or tail  112 . Having the legs free to move  808  allows for a safe landing. The lanyard  804  is covered by a flap  810 , which allows for a more aerodynamic assembly, as well as for a safer one, since the lanyard  804  is not capable of tangling with the parachute at the time of opening. Snaps  812  at the bottom and top  814  secure the flap in a closed position. 
     The above covering of the tail  114  releasable means  306 , allows for the use of both aerodynamic and non-aerodynamic attachment structures. In one embodiment, they are C-press seam sealer zipper ( FIGS. 9A-9B ,  902 ), preferably in the ‘reverse’ or low profile mode, although either side works. In addition, the releasable means may be Velcro strips, magnetic or other quick release/snap grommets or buttons, grommets with loops, etc. Since they are covered by a flap  810 , non aerodynamic methods may be used without severe penalty. 
     Referring to  FIG. 10A-10J , we illustrate an arm sleeve  314  cut away system  100  for release of the force acting on each arm&#39;s wing  110 . This system may be automatic or manually utilized. Normally, when the user gets ready to deploy the parachute, they do so by bringing their arms close to the torso, therefore reducing the aerodynamic wind entering the wings  110 , and easily collapsing them. The user then releases the parachute, upon opening, it would be advantageous then to release the wings  110 . 
     In one embodiment, the attachment means are zippers that runs along the sleeve length, in either the upper or lower portion. In another embodiment, the attachment means  130  securing the top of the wing  110  to the bottom of the arm sleeve  314 . As with the leg release means, these may be comprised of zippers, Velcro, buttons, grommets, loops, etc. or any combination thereof. In some other situations, as is the case with many base-jumpers and/or military users with automated parachute opening devices, there may be a need to automatically release the top of the wing  110  from the arm sleeve  314 . 
     To accomplish this, the top of the lanyard  1002  is made to form one or more cut away pullers  1004 ,  1006 , which are connected to the parachute riser. Upon either manual or automated parachute opening, the pullers will be acted upon, effectively displacing the lanyard  1002  upwards along the sleeve, which in turn releases the elastic loops  1008  which are held on the grommets  1010  via the hook pins  1012 . In this fashion displacement of the lanyard  1002  (which is held at the wrist end or distal end of the sleeve via an elastic piece  1014 ) top of the wing  110  structure is loosened from the sleeve  314 , freeing the arms of the user to handle the parachute risers and other control features. 
     As noted, creating the ram-air supported lift assisting surfaces under the arms (or wings  110 ), tail  112  and keel  114  requires the inflation of the chambers or baffles (such as  122 ,  124 ). To assist this structure&#39;s integrity, the fabric used in one embodiment may be comprised of single, double or more cloth layers. In an alternate embodiment, the suit fabric is made of a composite sandwich having a denser fabric between the outer and inner skin. 
     In an alternate embodiment, the exterior surface of the fabric may have diamond or hexagonal shapes. One suggested outside material is the class of 400×300 Denier Cross Dyed Nylon/Polyester Diamond Ripstop Fabric. In one embodiment, the inside material may be 200 denier ripstop. In another embodiment, the there is a middle layer of 70 denier silicone coated ripstop, which acts as a moisture barrier, as well as creating a composite that traps the air inside the air cavities. In other embodiments, the various surfaces may be made of cotton, poly/cotton blends, nylon, spandex, cordura, and parapak. 
     CONCLUSION 
     In concluding the detailed description, it should be noted that it would be obvious to those skilled in the art that many variations and modifications can be made to the preferred embodiment without substantially departing from the principles of the present invention. Also, such variations and modifications are intended to be included herein within the scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims. Further, in the claims hereafter, the structures, materials, acts and equivalents of all means or step-plus function elements are intended to include any structure, materials or acts for performing their cited functions. 
     It should be emphasized that the above-described embodiments of the present invention, particularly any “preferred embodiments” are merely possible examples of the implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the invention. Any variations and modifications may be made to the above-described embodiments of the invention without departing substantially from the spirit of the principles of the invention. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of the disclosure and present invention and protected by the following claims. 
     The present invention has been described in sufficient detail with a certain degree of particularity. The utilities thereof are appreciated by those skilled in the art. It is understood to those skilled in the art that the present disclosure of embodiments has been made by way of examples only and that numerous changes in the arrangement and combination of parts may be resorted without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as claimed. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the forgoing description of embodiments.