Abstract:
A transceiver circuit comprising state machine(s) having tone phase(s) and data transfer phase(s), error detection circuit(s) detecting error(s) in receive signal(s), and phase transition suppressor circuit(s); wherein, in the event that it is determined as a result of error detection that channel quality is so poor as to make it impossible to carry out normal data transfer, transition may be made from data transfer phase(s) to tone phase(s), and by thereafter preventing transition back to data transfer phase(s) and/or speed negotiation phase(s), power consumption as would be consumed by high-speed circuit(s) when in data transfer phase(s) and/or speed negotiation phase(s) may be reduced or eliminated. Furthermore, by suppressing generation of BUS_RESET(s) due to error(s) during data transfer phase(s), reduction in bus power consumption and/or improved bus stability may be achieved.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION/PRIORITY  
         [0001]    This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No. 2003-015182 filed in Japan on Jan. 23, 2003, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.  
         BACKGROUND OF INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Technical Field  
           [0003]    The present invention relates to a transceiver circuit, transceiving method, and transceiver apparatus, any of which may be employed in the context of serial bus(es) permitting connection of personal computer(s), peripheral equipment for same, and/or audio/visual equipment; e.g., high-speed serial bus(es) as standardized at “IEEE Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus” published by IEEE (IEEE Std. 1394-1995) and the like.  
           [0004]    2. Conventional Art  
           [0005]    Description will first be made with respect to various items under IEEE Std. 1394-51995.  
           [0006]    IEEE 1394  
           [0007]    The IEEE 1394 standard defines data transfer at 100 Mbps (98.304 Mbps), 200 Mbps (196.608 Mbps), and 400 Mbps (393.216 Mbps), and defines this in a way that preserves compatibility of 1394 ports of higher transfer rate with respect to lower transfer rates. This creates the possibility for mixed data transfer at rates of 100 Mbps, 200 Mbps, and 400 Mbps occurring on the same network.  
           [0008]    Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 15, the IEEE 1394 standard utilizes DS-Link (Data/Strobe Link) encoding transfer format in which transferred data is converted into two signals—data and strobe, which supplements that signal—it being possible to generate a clock by XOR-ing these two signals.  
           [0009]    Arbitration signals at the physical layer are manifested by means of two twisted-pair pairs (TPA/TPA*, TPB/TPB*), one twisted-pair pair (TPA/TPA*) transmitting strobe (STRB_TX) and receiving data (DATA_RX). The other twisted-pair line (TPB/TPB*) transmits data (DATA_Tx) and receives strobe (STRB_RX).  
           [0010]    The STRB_TX signal, DATA_TX signal, STRB_ENABLE signal, and DATA_ENABLE signal may be used to generate arbitration signals (ARB_A_RX, ARB_B_RX). Transmit arbitration signal values and the meanings thereof are shown in FIG. 16. Moreover, receive arbitration signals and the meanings thereof are shown in FIG. 17.  
           [0011]    Under the IEEE 1394 specification, connection may be made using two methods: daisy-chain and branched-node. Using the daisy-chain method, up to a maximum of 16 nodes&#39; worth of devices provided with 1394-compliant ports may be connected, the maximum distance between nodes being 4.5 m. Furthermore, through combined use of branched nodes, it is possible to configure a network capable of accepting connection of up to the specification maximum of 63 nodes (physical node addresses).  
           [0012]    In addition, under the IEEE 1394 specification, connection and disconnection of cables while devices are operational, i.e., while power is turned ON, is permitted, automatic reconfiguration of the network occurring whenever nodes are added or removed. At such times, devices at connected nodes can be automatically recognized, IDs of connected devices and topology-being managed by the interface.  
           [0013]    Increasing Transmission Length Under IEEE 1394  
           [0014]    While there has been increased interest in recent years in use of the 1394-1995 standard for home networks, as the 1394-1995 specification defines a maximum metallic cable length of 4.5 m, the cable length restriction can pose an inconvenience.  
           [0015]    Increased transmission length has therefore been attempted with OP i.LINK, IEEE 1394b, and the like, through replacement of one or more of the plurality of metallic transceivers in the 1394 physical layer circuitry with, for example, optical transceivers, and through replacement of metallic cable employed as communication channel with, for example, POF (plastic optical fiber) or other such optical fiber.  
           [0016]    OP i.LINK  
           [0017]    OP i.LINK replaces the metallic cable in the communication channel under IEEE 1394a-2000 with optical fiber. Serial signals sent and received between ports is modulated and demodulated in accordance with 8B/10B. Port state under OP i.LINK can be classified as being in one of the following three states.  
           [0018]    (1) Tone phase  
           [0019]    (2) Speed negotiation phase  
           [0020]    (3) Data transfer phase  
           [0021]    [0021]FIG. 18 shows transmission and reception of tone signals occurring during tone phase under OP i.LINK.  
           [0022]    When in tone phase, mutual recognition of presence of remote devices is carried out between opposing ports through exchange of short tone pulses  1001 ,  1004 ,  1005 ,  1008  occurring with a cycle time of 132 ms. Receive circuits employ signal detection circuits for determining whether signals are present in communication channels, a tone being deemed to have been received if a signal is detected.  
           [0023]    The foregoing signal detection circuits only determine whether a signal is present, and under OP i.LINK, because bidirectional communication is carried out with single-core POF, even where a receive signal has been detected it will not be possible to distinguish whether the signal is a signal that was sent by itself or a signal that was sent by a remote device. That is, a receive signal detected at a time when the local device was not transmitting is a signal that was sent by a remote device, and a signal received at a time when the local device was transmitting is a signal that was sent either by the local device or a remote device. Note that at the receive signals in the timing chart at FIG. 18, pulses transmitted by the local device are indicated by a dashed line.  
           [0024]    Upon receipt of a preestablished number of (two in FIG. 18) tones sent by a remote device, CONNECT_DETECT goes active, a connection having been established, as respectively indicated where connections are established at reference numerals  1015  and  1018  in the timing chart. Once a connection has been established, generation of a data transfer request at node A causes TPBIAS, which indicates such fact, to go active as indicated at reference numeral  1016  in the timing chart, in response to which the next tone in the transmit signal from node A will be a long tone, as indicated at reference numeral  1009  in the timing chart.  
           [0025]    Node B, upon receiving this long tone, recognizes that TPBIAS—representing a data transfer request from a remote device—is active, and sets BIAS_DETECT active as indicated at reference numeral  1020  in the timing chart, thus notifying the local PHY that a data transfer request has been generated by a remote PHY.  
           [0026]    The PHY of node B, a data transfer request having been generated at the local node, sets TPBIAS active as indicated at reference numeral  1019  in the timing chart, sending a continuous signal and terminating tone phase, and making transition to speed negotiation phase. Node A, having received a continuous signal from the remote device, sets BIAS_DETECT active as indicated at reference numeral  1017  in the timing chart, thus notifying local PHY that a data transfer request has been generated by a remote device.  
           [0027]    Furthermore, tone phase is terminated with transmission of a continuous signal and transition is made to speed negotiation phase. As described above, transmission and reception of short tones permits transition from a disconnected state to a state in which a connection is established; and moreover, transmission and reception of long tones and continuous signals makes it possible for a local device to inform a remote device of a data transfer request. The node sending the long tone becomes the parent node, and the node receiving the long tone and sending the continuous signal becomes the child node. The terms “parent node” and “child node” as used here are different from the parent nodes and child nodes determined during the TREE_ID phase under IEEE 1394. Furthermore, the cycle time of the pulses making up the short tones and long tones should be sufficiently longer than the cycle time of the pulses making up the continuous signal.  
           [0028]    [0028]FIG. 19 shows transmission and reception of signals during speed negotiation phase under OP i.LINK.  
           [0029]    Node A and node B are both assumed to have ports with maximum transfer rates of S 200 . After node A and node B have entered speed negotiation phase, first, in state B 1 , random data is transmitted. Furthermore, while random data is being received in state B 1 , synchronization of bits is accomplished by means of bit synchronizing circuitry. After a preestablished time has passed in B 1 , transition is made to state B 2 . At state B 2 , comparison is made between the current communication transfer rate NEGO_SPEED and the maximum transfer rate of the local port, and if the current communication transfer rate is less than the maximum transfer rate of the local port, then HIGHER_SPEED is sent. Furthermore, if the current communication transfer rate is the same as the maximum transfer rate of the local port, then KEEP_SPEED is sent.  
           [0030]    At the signals sent and received in FIG. 19, because maximum transfer rate is assumed to be S 200 , node A and node B each transmit HIGHER_SPEED, as respectively indicated in the timing chart at reference numeral  2009  for node A, and at reference numeral  2012  for node B. Upon receipt of HIGHER_SPEED while in state B 2 , this is recognized as an attempt on the part of the opposing port to increase transfer rate, and if the local port has also sent HIGHER_SPEED then NEGO_SPEED is increased to S 200  and transition is made back to state B 1 .  
           [0031]    At the signals sent and received in FIG. 19, node A and node B each make transition from state B 2  to state B 1 , as respectively indicated in the timing chart at reference numeral  2018  for node A, and at reference numeral  2022  for node B. If the maximum transfer rate had been S 100 , transition would have been made to state B 3 , where termination of speed negotiation would have been mutually confirmed, resulting in transmission of END_NEGO requesting termination of speed negotiation. Node A and node B, having, at transfer rate S 200 , made the transition back to state B 1 , again transmit random data and also carry out bit synchronization as a result of having received random data. Moreover, after a preestablished time has passed, transition is made to state B 2 ; and this time, because NEGO_SPEED and maximum transfer rate are mutually identical, each being equal to S 200 , KEEP_SPEED is transmitted, requesting that transfer rate be maintained unchanged.  
           [0032]    At the signals sent and received in FIG. 19, node A and node B each transmit KEEP_SPEED, as respectively indicated in the timing chart at reference numeral  2023  for node A, and at reference numeral  2026  for node B. Node A and node B, having received KEEP_SPEED while in state B 2 , confirm that the remote port is attempting to maintain transfer rate unchanged, and make transition to state B 3 , where termination of speed negotiation is mutually confirmed.  
           [0033]    At the signals sent and received in FIG. 19, node A and node B each make transition from state B 2  to state B 3 , as respectively indicated in the timing chart at reference numeral  2031  for node A, and at reference numeral  2034  for node B. In state B 3 , END_NEGO, requesting termination of speed negotiation, is sent.  
           [0034]    At the signals sent and received in FIG. 19, node A and node B each transmit END_NEGO, as respectively indicated in the timing chart at reference numeral  2029  for node A, and at reference numeral  2032  for node B. In state B 3 , upon receipt of END_NEGO, speed negotiation is terminated and transition is made to data transfer phase D 0 .  
           [0035]    At the signals sent and received in FIG. 19, node A and node B each make transition from state B 3  to state D 0 , as respectively indicated in the timing chart at reference numeral  2037  for node A, and at reference numeral  2040  for node B. If, while in state B 2  or state B 3 , error(s) is/are detected by an error detection circuit within the receive circuit and the NEGO_SPEED at that time is S 100 , then a preestablished amount of time is allowed to pass, following which speed negotiation is terminated and transition is made to tone phase. But if while in state B 2  or state B 3 , error(s) is/are detected by the error detection circuit when at other than S 100 , then no further attempt at communication is made at that transfer rate, NEGO_SPEED is reduced to S 100 , and transition is made to state B 3  by way of state B 1 .  
           [0036]    During data transfer phase, data transfer is carried out at the transfer rate determined as a result of speed negotiation.  
           [0037]    Error Processing Under OP i.LINK  
           [0038]    Under OP i.LINK, transmission and reception of data occurs in units of 10-bit characters. The 10-bit characters are encoded in accordance with the 8B/10B encoding scheme. Present at the receive circuit is an error detection circuit and a counter called INVALID_COUNT, INVALID_COUNT being incremented by 1 every time the error detection circuit detects a receive character inconsistent with the 8B/10B table or having abnormal running disparity. Furthermore, INVALID_COUNT is decremented by 1 when normal characters are received in continuous fashion. The counter is incremented and decremented in accordance with the foregoing rule, and in the event that the counter reaches a value that is greater than or equal to some preestablished value, channel quality is determined to be poor, continuous signal transmission is stopped, and transition is made to tone phase. Furthermore, separate from INVALID_COUNT, there is a counter called PORT_ERROR which counts the number of said errors as they are detected.  
           [0039]    The value of the PORT_ERROR counter is not decremented even when normal characters are received in continuous fashion. The timing with which short tones are transmitted by a node which has made the transition to tone phase due to occurrence of errors differs depending upon whether the node is a parent or a child as determined in tone phase, the node initiating transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms—this being one-half of the tone cycle—if the node is a parent node, or the node transmitting short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase if the node is a child node.  
           [0040]    Suspend/Disable  
           [0041]    Under OP i.LINK, there is a suspended state and a disabled state. When the internal signal SUSPEND goes active while in data transfer phase, transmission and reception, between opposing PORTs, of TX_SUSPEND arbitration pursuant to IEEE 1394 will, under ordinary circumstances, cause opposing PORTs to each enter a suspended state.  
           [0042]    A PORT which is in a suspended state is in tone phase, established connections continuing to be maintained through transmission and reception of short tones. When in suspended state, because the TPBIAS signal never goes active, no long tones or continuous signal is sent; and accordingly, no transition is made to speed negotiation phase.  
           [0043]    Moreover, if the internal signal DISABLED goes active while in any arbitrary state, a disabled state will be entered. At such time, opposing PORTs will enter suspended states. Furthermore, what happens when the internal signal DISABLED goes inactive depends upon the status of connection with the remote PORT at that time: if connection with a remote PORT is already established then transition is made to suspended state, but if connection with a remote PORT is not established then transition is made to a disconnected state.  
           [0044]    When in disabled state, transmission and reception of tones are carried out at the PORT, and connection is established with the remote PORT; but because TPBIAS never goes active, the PORT does not make the transition to speed negotiation phase.  
           [0045]    Note, moreover, with respect to techniques for carrying out error processing in the context of digital data communication, that there are systems which determine whether patterns of bit errors or frame errors occurring during communication represent burst-type errors or random-type errors, which determine optimum communication conditions based on such error patterns, and which send protocol signals to the transmitting device (see, e.g., Japanese Patent Application Publication Kokai No. H8-130530 (1996).  
           [0046]    Under OP i.LINK, error detection is carried out at the receive circuit when in the speed negotiation phase and when in the data transfer phase, and if it is determined that communication channel quality is poor then transition is made to tone phase.  
           [0047]    However, when in tone phase, because the signal detection circuit within the receive circuit only detects whether a signal is present, it being impossible to distinguish how good the quality of the communication channel might be, if the foregoing TPBIAS and BIAS_DETECT go active then there will be an immediate transition to speed negotiation phase. During speed negotiation phase, if error(s) is/are detected when in state B 2  or state B 3  then speed negotiation will be terminated and transition will be made back to tone phase. With communication channels of such quality, the electrical power consumed by PLL employed in operating high-speed circuitry for continuous signals during speed negotiation phase goes to waste.  
           [0048]    Furthermore, in situations such as where errors are not detected during speed negotiation phase and transition is made to data transfer phase, but while in data transfer phase, since channel quality is poor, the foregoing INVALID_COUNT reaches the preestablished value, there will be at least two occasions when a BUS_RESET is generated: once after making the transition to data transfer phase, and once when making the transition to tone phase due to occurrence of errors. During a BUS_RESET under IEEE 1394, all bus components are made to act as repeaters and the status of all nodes as well as the logical connections that had been configured between nodes are reset, and so if channel quality between any subset of nodes is poor the fact that the entire bus must be reset is extremely inefficient.  
           [0049]    Moreover, error detection during speed negotiation under OP i.LINK is unrelated to error detection during data transfer phase, so that where channel quality is such that errors are not detected during speed negotiation but errors are detected during data transfer phase, there are occasions where transition repeatedly loops through tone phase→speed negotiation phase→data transfer phase→tone phase, repeated transition through such states as these causing the entire bus which includes such channels to become unstable.  
           [0050]    Furthermore, the rule for incrementing and decrementing INVALID_COUNT, which is incremented and decremented as a result of error detection during data transfer phase under OP i.LINK, is rather more stringent than is necessary to meet the minimum guaranteed error rate value under the OP i.LINK specification of 10×10 −12 , and the conditions under which transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase are rather more stringent than would be necessary to meet an error rate of 10×10 −12 . What this means is that in situations such as where channel quality is slightly poor, but not poor enough to cause INVALID_COUNT to reach the preestablished value, it will not be the case that channel quality is automatically determined to be poor, with transition consequently being made to tone phase. In the case of packet transport protocols in which retransmission is not carried out, such as is the case with isochronous transfer under IEEE 1394, it is desirable that channels in which errors exist are not present on the bus.  
           [0051]    One reason for situations such as the foregoing is that when errors are detected under OP i.LINK and transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, although transition is nominally made from a connected state to a disconnected state, because confirmation with respect to complete disconnection from the remote device is not carried out, it will be the case, even where channel quality is poor due to cable damage, transceiver deterioration, or the like, that communication will be reinitiated without having first improved the quality of the channel through repair or the like.  
           [0052]    Moreover, in the patent reference cited above, no suggestion whatsoever is made with respect to art that might teach transition to a state permitting data transfer when normal data transfer is made difficult due to decreased channel quality between nodes connected by cable.  
         DISCLOSURE OF INVENTION  
         [0053]    A transceiver circuit in a first mode of the present invention is capable of transferring data at one or more transfer rates, the transceiver circuit comprising one or more state machines having one or more tone phases in which determination of the maximum transfer rate for one or more channels and one or more connections with one or more remote devices is carried out through exchange of one or more tone signals with at least one of the remote device or devices, and one or more data transfer phases in which data transfer is carried out at one or more frequencies higher than that of at least one of the tone signal or signals; one or more error detection circuits detecting one or more errors (e.g., bit error and/or character error) in one or more receive signals; and one or more data transfer phase transition suppressor circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits detects at least one of the error or errors within at least one of the receive signal or signals during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases, one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and after at least one of such transition or transitions has occurred, at least one of the data transfer phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition back to at least one of the data transfer phase or phases.  
           [0054]    Because a transceiver circuit in accordance with this mode of the present invention may, in the event that it is determined while in data transfer phase(s) that channel quality is so poor as to make it impossible to carry out normal data transfer, permit transition to be made from data transfer phase(s) to tone phase(s), but thereafter permit prevention of transition back to data transfer phase(s), it is possible to achieve reduction in power consumption required for operation of high-speed circuit(s) in data transfer phase(s).  
           [0055]    A transceiver circuit in a second mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the first mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more timers; and one or more error counters; wherein, only in the event that one or more numbers of errors occurring within one or more fixed times as detected by at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits, at least one of the timer or timers, and at least one of the error counter or counters during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases is greater than at least one preestablished value, one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and after at least one of such transition or transitions has occurred, at least one of the data transfer phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition back to at least one of the data transfer phase or phases.  
           [0056]    A transceiver circuit in a third mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the first mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more transfer rate comparison circuits comparing the minimum transfer rate of which the transceiver circuit is capable and one or more transfer rates employed during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases; wherein, only in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits detects at least one of the error or errors and at least one of the transition or transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases when at least one result of at least one comparison made by at least one of the transfer rate comparison circuit or circuits is that at least one of the transfer rate or rates employed during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases is identical to at least one of the minimum transfer rate or rates of which the transceiver circuit is capable, at least one of the data transfer phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition back to at least one of the data transfer phase or phases.  
           [0057]    A transceiver circuit in a fourth mode of the present invention is capable of transferring data at one or more transfer rates, the transceiver circuit comprising one or more state machines having one or more tone phases in which one or more connections with one or more remote devices are established through exchange of one or more tone signals with at least one of the remote device or devices, one or more speed negotiation phases in which determination of the maximum transfer rate permitted by one or more channels is carried out through mutual notification of one or more transfer rates of which the local device is capable, this notification being actually carried out at at least one of such transfer rate or rates, and one or more data transfer phases in which data transfer is carried out at at least one of the transfer rate or rates determined at at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases; one or more error detection circuits detecting one or more errors (e.g., bit error and/or character error) in one or more receive signals; and one or more speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits detects at least one of the error or errors within at least one of the receive signal or signals during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases, one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and after at least one of such transition or transitions has occurred, at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases.  
           [0058]    Because a transceiver circuit in accordance with such mode(s) of the present invention may, in the event that it is determined while in data transfer phase(s) that channel quality is so poor as to make it impossible to carry out normal data transfer, permit transition to be made from data transfer phase(s) to tone phase(s), but thereafter permit prevention of transition to speed negotiation phase(s), it is possible to achieve reduction in power consumption required for operation of high-speed circuit(s) in speed negotiation phase(s) and/or data transfer phase(s).  
           [0059]    A transceiver circuit in a fifth mode of the present invention is capable of transferring data at one or more transfer rates, the transceiver circuit comprising one or more state machines having one or more tone phases in which one or more connections with one or more remote devices are established through exchange of one or more tone signals with at least one of the remote device or devices, one or more speed negotiation phases in which determination of one or more maximum transfer rates permitted by one or more channels is carried out through mutual notification of one or more transfer rates of which the local device is capable, this notification being actually carried out at at least one of such transfer rate or rates, and one or more data transfer phases in which data transfer is carried out at at least one of the transfer rate or rates determined at at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases; one or more error detection circuits detecting one or more errors (e.g., bit error and/or character error) in one or more receive signals; and one or more speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits detects at least one of the error or errors within at least one of the receive signal or signals during at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases, one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and after at least one of such transition or transitions has occurred, at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases.  
           [0060]    Because a transceiver circuit in accordance with such mode(s) of the present invention may, in the event that it is determined while in speed negotiation phase(s) that channel quality is so poor as to make it impossible to achieve normal termination of speed negotiation, permit transition to be made from data transfer phase(s) to tone phase(s), but thereafter permit prevention of transition to speed negotiation phase(s), it is possible to achieve reduction in power consumption required for operation of high-speed circuit(s) in speed negotiation phase(s).  
           [0061]    A transceiver circuit in a sixth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the fourth or fifth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more timers; and one or more error counters; wherein, only in the event that one or more numbers of errors occurring within one or more fixed times as detected by at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits, at least one of the timer or timers, and at least one of the error counter or counters is greater than at least one preestablished value, one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and after at least one of such transition or transitions has occurred, at least one of the state machine phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases.  
           [0062]    A transceiver circuit in a seventh mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the fourth or fifth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more transfer rate comparison circuits comparing minimum transfer rates of which the transceiver circuit is capable and one or more transfer rates employed during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases; wherein, only in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits detects at least one of the error or errors and at least one of the transition or transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases when at least one result of at least one comparison made by at least one of the transfer rate comparison circuit or circuits is that at least one of the transfer rate or rates employed during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases is identical to at least one of the minimum transfer rate or rates of which the transceiver circuit is capable, at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases.  
           [0063]    A transceiver circuit in an eighth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the fourth or fifth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more counters; and one or more timers; wherein the transceiver circuit is OP i.LINK-compliant; wherein at least one of the counter or counters counts one or more numbers of transitions from at least one of the tone phase or phases to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases; and wherein, in the event that at least one of the number or numbers of transitions as counted by at least one of the counter or counters reaches at least one preestablished value within at least one fixed time, it being determined that channel quality is poor, at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transition to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases.  
           [0064]    A transceiver circuit in a ninth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the second, third, sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but one or more tone signal transmit select circuits are employed as at least one of the data transfer phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits or speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor and one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases, at least one of the tone signal transmit select circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent transmission of one or more tone signals.  
           [0065]    A transceiver circuit in a tenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the ninth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time, has been completely disconnected, at least one of the tone signal transmit select circuit or circuits reinitiates transmission of one or more tone signals.  
           [0066]    A transceiver circuit in an eleventh mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the ninth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one of the tone signal transmit select circuit or circuits reinitiates transmission of one or more tone signals after at least one of the cable or cables has been reconnected.  
           [0067]    A transceiver circuit in a twelfth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the second, third, sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but one or more transmitter power supply control circuits are employed as at least one of the data transfer phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits or speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor, one or more transitions is made to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and thereafter at least one of the transmitter power supply control circuit or circuits causes at least one power supply of at least one transmitter to be turned OFF.  
           [0068]    A transceiver circuit in a thirteenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twelfth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time, has been completely disconnected, at least one of the transmitter power supply control circuit or circuits causes at least one power supply of at least one transmitter to be turned ON.  
           [0069]    A transceiver circuit in a fourteenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twelfth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one of the transmitter power supply control circuit or circuits causes at least one power supply of at least one transmitter to be turned ON after at least one of the cable or cables has been reconnected.  
           [0070]    A transceiver circuit in a fifteenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but the transceiver circuit is OP i.LINK-compliant; one or more TPBIAS mask circuits provided at one or more PORT locations is or are employed as at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor, one or more transitions is made to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and thereafter at least one of the TPBIAS mask circuit or circuits masks one or more TPBIAS signals from at least one PHY carries out control so as to prevent transmission of one or more long tones and/or one or more continuous signals even if at least one TPBIAS is active.  
           [0071]    A transceiver circuit in a sixteenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the fifteenth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time following transmission of one or more tone signals by one or more local transmit circuits, has been completely disconnected, at least one of the mask or masks applied to at least one of the TPBIAS signal or signals by at least one of the TPBIAS mask circuit or circuits is removed, causing one or more long tone signals and/or one or more continuous signals to be transmitted when at least one TPBIAS is active.  
           [0072]    A transceiver circuit in a seventeenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the fifteenth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one of the mask or masks applied to at least one of the TPBIAS signal or signals by at least one of the TPBIAS mask circuit or circuits is removed after at least one of the cable or cables has been reconnected, causing one or more long tone signals and/or one or more continuous signals to be transmitted when at least one TPBIAS is active.  
           [0073]    A transceiver circuit in an eighteenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but the transceiver circuit is OP i.LINK-compliant; one or more TPBIAS suppressor circuits provided at one or more PHY locations is or are employed as at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor, one or more transitions is made to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and thereafter, even if at least one TPBIAS is active within at least one of the PHY location or locations, at least one of the TPBIAS suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent at least one of the PORT location or locations from being notified of the fact that the at least one TPBIAS is active.  
           [0074]    A transceiver circuit in a nineteenth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the eighteenth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time following transmission of one or more tone signals by one or more local transmit circuits, has been completely disconnected, at least one of the TPBIAS suppressor circuit or circuits causes at least one of the PORT location or locations to be notified of at least one value of at least one TPBIAS signal within at least one of the PHY location or locations.  
           [0075]    A transceiver circuit in a twentieth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the eighteenth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one of the TPBIAS suppressor circuit or circuits, after at least one of the cable or cables has been reconnected, causes at least one of the PORT location or locations to be notified of at least one value of at least one TPBIAS signal within at least one of the PHY location or locations.  
           [0076]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-first mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but the transceiver circuit is OP i.LINK-compliant; one or more BIAS_DETECT suppressor circuits provided at one or more PORT locations is or are employed as at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor, one or more transitions is made to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and thereafter, even if one or more long tones and/or one or more continuous signals is or are received from one or more remote devices by at least one of the PORT location or locations and at least one BIAS_DETECT is active, at least one of the BIAS_DETECT suppressor circuit or circuits carries out control so as to prevent at least one of one PHY location or locations from being notified of the fact that the at least one BIAS_DETECT is active.  
           [0077]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-second mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twenty-first mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time following transmission of one or more tone signals by one or more local transmit circuits, has been completely disconnected, at least one of the BIAS_DETECT suppressor circuit or circuits causes at least one of the PHY location or locations to be notified of at least one value of at least one BIAS_DETECT signal within at least one of the PORT or PORTs.  
           [0078]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-third mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twenty-first mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one of the BIAS_DETECT suppressor circuit or circuits, after at least one of the cable or cables has been reconnected, causes at least one of the PHY location or locations to be notified of at least one value of at least one BIAS_DETECT signal within at least one of the PORT location or locations.  
           [0079]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-fourth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but the transceiver circuit is OP i.LINK-compliant; one or more BIAS_DETECT mask circuits provided at one or more PHY locations is or are employed as at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor, one or more transitions is made to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and thereafter, even if one or more BIAS_DETECT signals is active, masking by at least one of the BIAS_DETECT mask circuit or circuits of at least one BIAS_DETECT signal from at least one of the PORT location or locations carries out control so as to prevent at least one of the PHY location or locations to not being notified of the fact that the at least one BIAS_DETECT signal is active.  
           [0080]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-fifth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twenty-fourth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time following transmission of one or more tone signals by one or more local transmit circuits, has been completely disconnected, at least one of the mask or masks applied to at least one of the BIAS_DETECT signal or signals by at least one of the BIAS_DETECT mask circuit or circuits is removed, causing at least one of the PHY location or locations to be notified of the fact that at least one BIAS_DETECT is active in the event that the at least one BIAS_DETECT is active.  
           [0081]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-sixth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twenty-fourth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one of the mask or masks applied to at least one of the BIAS_DETECT signal or signals by at least one of the BIAS_DETECT mask circuit or circuits is removed after at least one of the cable or cables has been reconnected, causing at least one of the PHY location or locations to be notified of the fact that the at least one BIAS_DETECT is active in the event that the at least one BIAS_DETECT is active.  
           [0082]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-seventh mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the second, third, sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but the transceiver circuit is IEEE 1394-compliant; one or more suspend/disable control circuits provided at one or more PHY locations is or are employed as at least one of the speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit or circuits; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor, at least one of the suspend/disable control circuit or circuits, during at least one of the tone phase or phases, causes at least one PORT at which at least one error is or was detected to enter at least one suspended state and/or at least one disabled state.  
           [0083]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-eighth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twenty-seventh mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time following transmission of one or more tone signals by one or more local transmit circuits, has been completely disconnected, at least one of the suspend/disable control circuit or circuits causes termination of at least one suspended state and/or at least one disabled state.  
           [0084]    A transceiver circuit in a twenty-ninth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the twenty-seventh mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one of the suspend/disable control circuit or circuits causes termination of at least one suspended state and/or at least one disabled state after at least one of the cable or cables has been connected.  
           [0085]    A transceiver circuit in a thirtieth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the second, third, sixth, seventh, or eighth mode of the present invention but one or more wait states is or are present between at least one of the data transfer phase or phases and at least one of the tone phase or phases; and in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor, one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the wait state or states, and only if it is established during at least one of the wait state or states that at least one remote device has been completely disconnected therefrom is at least one transition made to at least one of the tone phase or phases.  
           [0086]    A transceiver circuit in a thirty-first mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the thirtieth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time following transmission of one or more tone signals by one or more local transmit circuits, has been completely disconnected, at least one transition is made from at least one of the wait state or states back to at least one of the tone phase or phases.  
           [0087]    A transceiver circuit in a thirty-second mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the thirtieth mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, at least one transition is made from at least one of the wait state or states back to at least one of the tone phase or phases after at least one of the cable or cables has been connected.  
           [0088]    Transceiver circuit(s) and/or transceiving method(s) in accordance with one or more modes of the present invention, where it has been established that one or more channels have been completely disconnected, permit termination or removal of suppression of transition to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases, thus permitting communication to be reinitiated. Furthermore, suppression of occurrence of BUS_RESET(s) following transition from speed negotiation phase(s) to data transfer phase(s) is permitted, making it possible to achieve increased bus stability.  
           [0089]    A transceiver circuit in a thirty-third mode of the present invention is capable of transferring data at a plurality of transfer rates, the transceiver circuit comprising one or more state machines having one or more tone phases in which one or more connections with one or more remote devices are established through exchange of one or more tone signals with at least one of the remote device or devices, one or more speed negotiation phases in which determination of the maximum transfer rate permitted by one or more channels is carried out through mutual notification of one or more transfer rates of which one or more local devices is capable, this notification being actually carried out at at least one of such transfer rate or rates, and one or more data transfer phases in which data transfer is carried out at at least one of the transfer rate or rates determined at at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases; one or more error detection circuits detecting one or more errors (e.g., bit error and/or character error) in one or more receive signals; and one or more transfer rate comparison circuits comparing the minimum transfer rate of the transceiver circuit and one or more transfer rates employed during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases; wherein, in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits detects at least one of the error or errors within at least one of the receive signal or signals during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases when at least one result of at least one comparison made by at least one of the transfer rate comparison circuit or circuits is that at least one of the transfer rate or rates employed during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases is greater than the minimum transfer rate or rates of the transceiver circuit, one or more transitions is made from at least one of the data transfer phase or phases to at least one of the tone phase or phases, and thereafter, maximum transfer rate of the transceiver circuit during at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases is set so as to be at least one rate that is lower than at least one transfer rate employed during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases.  
           [0090]    Because a transceiver circuit in accordance with such mode(s) of the present invention may, in the event that error(s) is/are detected in receive signal(s) by error detection circuit(s) during data transfer phase(s) when data transfer rate(s) during data transfer phase(s) is/are greater than minimum transfer rate(s) of transceiver circuit(s), cause transition to be made from data transfer phase(s) to the tone phase(s), and may thereafter cause maximum transfer rate(s) of transceiver circuit(s) during speed negotiation phase(s) to be less than transfer rate(s) in data transfer phase(s), it is possible to suppress maximum permitted transfer rate(s) following termination of speed negotiation.  
           [0091]    A transceiver circuit in a thirty-fourth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the thirty-third mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more receive signal detection circuits; and one or more timers; wherein, in the event that at least one of the receive signal detection circuit or circuits and at least one of the timer or timers establish during at least one of the tone phase or phases that at least one receive signal, being absent for not less than at least one fixed time following transmission of one or more tone signals by one or more local transmit circuits, has been completely disconnected, the at least one maximum transfer rate of the transceiver circuit during at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases is returned to its original maximum transfer rate.  
           [0092]    A transceiver circuit in a thirty-fifth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the thirty-third mode of the present invention but further comprises one or more cable connect detection circuits; wherein, in the event that at least one of the cable connect detection circuit or circuits establishes during at least one of the tone phase or phases that one or more cables has been disconnected, the at least one maximum transfer rate of the transceiver circuit during at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases is returned to its original maximum transfer rate after at least one of the cable or cables has been reconnected.  
           [0093]    A transceiver circuit in a thirty-sixth mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the tenth or thirteenth mode of the present invention but the at least one fixed time (the at least one fixed time for establishing that at least one receive signal has been completely disconnected) is not less than 132 ms.  
           [0094]    A transceiver circuit in a thirty-seventh mode of the present invention is similar to the transceiver circuit in the sixteenth, nineteenth, twenty-second, twenty-fifth, twenty-eighth, thirty-first, or thirty-four mode of the present invention but the at least one fixed time (the at least one fixed time for establishing that at least one receive signal has been completely disconnected) is not less than 64 ms and not more than 132 ms.  
           [0095]    A transceiving method in a thirty-eighth mode of the present invention substantially effects manifestation of transceiver circuit(s) as in any of the first mode of the present invention through the thirty-seventh mode of the present invention.  
           [0096]    A transceiver apparatus in a thirty-ninth mode of the present invention comprises one or more transceiver circuits substantially as in any of the first mode of the present invention through the thirty-seventh mode of the present invention; and one or more external display apparatuses; wherein, in the event that at least one of the error detection circuit or circuits determines that channel quality is poor during at least one of the data transfer phase or phases or speed negotiation phase or phases, and at least one of the transceiver circuit or circuits is in one or more suppressed states selected from among the group consisting of suppression with respect to transition to at least one of the data transfer phase or phases, suppression with respect to transition to at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases, and suppression with respect to maximum transfer rate during at least one of the speed negotiation phase or phases, one or more users are notified of such fact by means of at least one of the external display apparatus or apparatuses.  
           [0097]    Because a transceiver apparatus in accordance with such mode(s) of the present invention may permit external display apparatus(es) to be used to notify user(s) of status with respect to the foregoing suppression of transition to data transfer phase(s), suppression of transition to speed negotiation phase(s), suppression of maximum transfer rate(s) during speed negotiation phase(s), and/or the like, it is possible to expect that replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth might be carried out promptly and it is possible to expect improvement in channel quality. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0098]    [0098]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0099]    [0099]FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing showing state transitions of a PORT state machine in a first embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0100]    [0100]FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0101]    [0101]FIG. 4 is a schematic drawing showing state transitions of a PORT state machine in a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0102]    [0102]FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a third embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0103]    [0103]FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0104]    [0104]FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a fifth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0105]    [0105]FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a sixth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0106]    [0106]FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a seventh embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0107]    [0107]FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in an eighth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0108]    [0108]FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a ninth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0109]    [0109]FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a tenth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0110]    [0110]FIG. 13 is a schematic drawing showing state transitions of a PORT state machine in a tenth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0111]    [0111]FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0112]    [0112]FIG. 15 is a drawing to assist in explaining DS-LINK encoding.  
         [0113]    [0113]FIG. 16 is a drawing showing line states for arbitration signals transmitted at the physical layer as defined by the IEEE 1394 specification, as well as the meanings thereof.  
         [0114]    [0114]FIG. 17 is a drawing showing line states for arbitration signals received at the physical layer as defined by the IEEE 1394 specification, as well as the meanings thereof.  
         [0115]    [0115]FIG. 18 is a drawing showing transmission and reception of tone signals occurring during tone phase under OP i.LINK.  
         [0116]    [0116]FIG. 19 is a drawing showing transmission and reception of signals occurring during speed negotiation phase under OP i.LINK. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0117]    Below, embodiments of the present invention are described with reference to the drawings.  
         [0118]    Embodiment 1  
         [0119]    [0119]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a first embodiment of the present invention. Note that while the transceiver circuit in FIG. 1 is OP i.LINK-compliant, the present invention is not limited thereto.  
         [0120]    The transceiver circuit in FIG. 1 comprises PHY state machine(s)  101 , PORT state machine(s)  102 , transmitter(s)  103 , receiver(s)  104 , error detection circuit(s)  105 , error counter(s)  106 , timer(s)  107 , and so forth.  
         [0121]    PHY state machine  101 , being an IEEE 1394 PHY state machine, carries out packet transfer and arbitration in accordance with IEEE 1394.  
         [0122]    PORT state machine  102 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  101  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  103 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  102  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  104 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  105 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  101  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets.  
         [0123]    Transmitter  103  transmits, over cable(s), OP i.LINK-compliant signals output by PORT state machine(s). Receiver  104  causes OP i.LINK-compliant signals received via cable to be input at error detection circuit  105 .  
         [0124]    Error detection circuit  105  carries out 8B/10 B demodulation of OP i.LINK-compliant receive signals received by receiver  104 , incrementing the value of error counter  106  by 1 in the event that same is a character not present in the 8B/10B table and/or in the event that same is a character producing abnormal running disparity.  
         [0125]    Error counter  106  is reset by error count reset(s) received from timer  107  and is made to increment counter value by means of detection error notification(s) received from error detection circuit  105 . In the event that the value of error counter  106  reaches a preestablished value, error detection circuit  105  notifies PORT state machine  102  that, because channel quality is poor and the error rate is worse than the preestablished value therefor, transition should be made from data transfer phase to tone phase.  
         [0126]    During data transfer phase, timer  107  is continuously engaged in counting up to some preestablished upper limit value, and in the event that timer  107  reaches the preestablished value, error counter  106  is reset. Employment of such constitution makes it possible for a user to define upper limit values for timer  107  and error counter  106  during data transfer phase, thereby permitting control of transition from data transfer phase to tone phase based on arbitrary error rate threshold(s).  
         [0127]    Next, referring to FIG. 2, state transitions of PORT state machine  102  are described.  
         [0128]    State S 101  is a pre-data-transfer state. Under OP i.LINK, this would correspond to tone phase and/or speed negotiation phase. State S 102  is a data transfer ready state, which under OP i.LINK might correspond to data transfer phase. But note that the state machines described herein are not limited to those defined under OP i.LINK, it generally being possible to apply the present invention in the context of any communication format having pre-data-transfer state(s) and data transfer ready state(s).  
         [0129]    At state S 101 , this being the pre-data-transfer state, if channel quality is good and ERROR_DETECT, controlled by error counter  106  in FIG. 1, is FALSE, then when the internal signal ACTIVE goes TRUE this will cause transition to be made to the data transfer ready state. Conversely, if ERROR_DETECT is TRUE, then transition will not be made to the data transfer ready state even if the internal signal ACTIVE goes TRUE but the state machine will instead remain in the pre-data-transfer state.  
         [0130]    At state S  102 , this being the data transfer ready state, if ERROR_DETECT goes TRUE, channel quality being determined to be poor, then the internal signal ACTIVE will be set to FALSE and transition will be made to the pre-data-transfer state. Employing such a state machine (data transfer phase transition suppressor circuit) as PORT state machine  102  makes it possible to achieve operation such that, in the event that number(s) of detected error(s) during data transfer ready state(s) are greater than or equal to preestablished value(s) and/or corresponding preestablished error rate(s), transition may be made to pre-data-transfer state(s), with transition back to data transfer ready state(s) thereafter being suppressed.  
         [0131]    Embodiment 2  
         [0132]    [0132]FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0133]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 1 (FIG. 1) with respect to the fact that permitted transfer rate comparison circuit(s)  208 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  209 , and cable connect detection circuit(s)  211  have been added, error counter reset timer(s)  207  and receive signal detection timer(s)  210  also being provided as timers; with respect to the fact that external display apparatus(es)  214  is/are connected to PORT state machine(s)  202 ; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PHY state machine(s)  201 , PORT state machine(s)  202 , permitted transfer rate comparison circuit(s)  208 , and error detection circuit(s)  205 . As the other components—i.e., transmitter(s)  203 , receiver(s)  204 , error counter(s)  206 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 1, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0134]    PHY state machine  201 , being an IEEE 1394 PHY state machine, carries out packet transfer and arbitration in accordance with IEEE 1394. Furthermore, PHY state machine  201  notifies permitted transfer rate comparison circuit  208  of the minimum transfer rate of which the PORT is capable. Where S 100 , S 200 , and S 400  are permitted, notification will be made with respect to S 100 .  
         [0135]    PORT state machine  202 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  201  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  203 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  202  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  204 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  205 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  201  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. Moreover, following termination of speed negotiation, PORT state machine  202  notifies permitted transfer rate comparison circuit  208  of the maximum transfer rate for the channel as determined during speed negotiation.  
         [0136]    Permitted transfer rate comparison circuit  208  compares the minimum transfer rate of which the port is capable and the maximum permitted transfer rate as determined during speed negotiation.  
         [0137]    Moreover, operation of the present embodiment is similar to operation of the foregoing EMBODIMENT 1 but in the event that, the error rate of the channel being worse than a preestablished error rate, error counter  206  and timer  207  determine that channel quality is poor, permitted transfer rate comparison circuit  208 , for example if the current maximum permitted transfer rate is identical to the minimum transfer rate of which the PORT is capable, would, after transition is made to tone phase, carry out notification so as to prevent transition to speed negotiation phase. Furthermore, if the current permitted transfer rate is greater than the minimum transfer rate of which the PORT is capable, permitted transfer rate comparison circuit  208  would carry out notification so as to cause the maximum transfer rate for the PORT to be set to a lower value during the next speed negotiation.  
         [0138]    Receive signal detection circuit  209  detects whether receive signal(s) is/are being received at receiver  204 . In the event that the receive signal is absent for a preestablished time or longer as measured by timer  210 , it being determined that connection with the opposing node has been completely disconnected, PORT state machine  202  is notified of such fact.  
         [0139]    Under OP i.LINK, in the event that the internal INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and transition is made to data transfer phase, if, based on the parent-child relationship previously established in tone phase, the local node is a parent node then it will initiate transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms, this being one-half of the tone cycle. But if the node is a child node, then it will transmit short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase. That is, except where transition has been made to tone phase as a result of errors resulting from the fact that the channel has been completely disconnected due to insertion/removal of cable(s), even where transition has been made to tone phase due to errors transmission of tone signals from the local port should be followed, after a time of from 64 ms (one-half of the tone cycle) to 132 ms (one tone cycle), by receipt of tone signals sent from the remote PORT.  
         [0140]    An appropriate value in the foregoing range of 64 ms to 132 ms is therefore chosen, the local port transmits tone signal(s), timer  210  being reset simultaneously therewith, and in the event that the value of timer  210  reaches the chosen value (fixed time) in the range 64 ms to 132 ms with receive signal still not having been detected by receive signal detection circuit  209 , this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected as a result of removal of the cable or for some other similar reason. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  211  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  211  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0141]    In addition, in the present embodiment, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  202  and error detection circuit  205  may be reset.  
         [0142]    Employment of such a constitution makes it possible to achieve operation such that, in the event that error detection circuit  205  determines during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, if the maximum permitted transfer rate at that time is identical to the minimum transfer rate of which the PORT is capable then transition is made to tone phase, with transition to speed negotiation phase being thereafter suppressed. Furthermore, if the maximum permitted transfer rate at such time is greater than the minimum transfer rate of which the PORT is capable then transition may be made to tone phase; and by thereafter, at the time of speed negotiation, causing the maximum transfer rate for the PORT to be set to a value which is lower than the maximum transfer rate from the previous speed negotiation, it is possible to suppress maximum permitted transfer rate following termination of speed negotiation.  
         [0143]    Moreover, in the present embodiment, in the event that receive signal detection circuit  209  and/or cable connect detection circuit  211  determine that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected therefrom, it is possible by resetting PORT state machine  202  and error detection circuit  205  to return to the pre-error-detection state.  
         [0144]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  214  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0145]    Next, referring to FIG. 4, state transitions of PORT state machine  202  of the present embodiment are described. Note, moreover, that for purposes of describing the present embodiment it will be assumed that the PORT is capable of data transfer rates of S 100 , S 200 , and S 400 .  
         [0146]    During data transfer phase, the ERROR_DETECT signal is true when error rate is greater than some preestablished value. LAST_NEGO_SPEED is the maximum permitted transfer rate as determined at termination of the previous speed negotiation. LAST_MAX_SPEED is the maximum transfer rate set for the PORT by the PHY during the previous speed negotiation. MAX_SPEED is the maximum transfer rate of the PORT as set by the PHY during speed negotiation.  
         [0147]    At state S 201 , this being tone phase, connection(s) with opposing port(s) is/are established as a result of transmission and reception of tone signals. If ERROR_DETECT is FALSE then MAX_SPEED is set to S 400 , this being the maximum transfer rate of the PORT, and transition is made to speed negotiation phase S 202 .  
         [0148]    If ERROR_DETECT is FALSE then transition is made to S 202 , which is speed negotiation phase. If ERROR_DETECT is TRUE and LAST_NEGO_SPEED is S 100  then, this being interpreted as meaning that normal communication cannot be carried out even at the minimum permitted transfer rate, transition is not made to speed negotiation phase (state S 202 ) even after connection has been established.  
         [0149]    On the other hand, if ERROR_DETECT is TRUE and LAST_NEGO_SPEED is greater than S 100  then, it being determined that normal data transfer cannot be carried out with the maximum permitted transfer rate of the channel set to LAST_NEGO_SPEED, MAX_SPEED is lowered—to S 200  if LAST_NEGO_SPEED (the previous transfer rate for the channel) is S 400 , or to  
         [0150]    S 100  if LAST_NEGO_SPEED is S 200 —thus suppressing maximum transfer rate during speed negotiation.  
         [0151]    Furthermore, if it is established at receive signal detection circuit  209  and/or cable connect detection circuit  211  in FIG. 3 that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected therefrom then DISCONNECT_DETECT goes TRUE, causing ERROR_DETECT to go FALSE and resetting the circuitry to the regular disconnected state.  
         [0152]    At state S 202 , this being the phase in which speed negotiation is carried out, NEGO_SPEED, this being the maximum permitted transfer rate with the opposing port, is determined using the MAX_SPEED set by the PHY as maximum transfer rate. NEGO_SPEED having been determined, ACTIVE goes TRUE, upon which NEGO_SPEED is written to LAST_NEGO_SPEED, MAX_SPEED is written to LAST_MAX_SPEED, and transition is made to data transfer phase.  
         [0153]    At state S 203 , this being the data transfer phase, if ERROR_DETECT goes TRUE, channel quality being determined to be poor, then the internal signal ACTIVE will be set to FALSE and transition will be made to tone phase.  
         [0154]    Employing such a state machine (speed negotiation phase transition suppressor circuit) as PORT state machine  202  makes it possible to achieve operation such that, in the event that it is determined that error rate(s) during data transfer phase(s) are greater than preestablished value(s), if the maximum permitted transfer rate at that time was the minimum transfer rate of which the PORT was capable then subsequent transition to the speed negotiation phase is suppressed, but if the maximum permitted transfer rate at that time was greater than the minimum transfer rate of which the PORT was capable then the maximum transfer rate at the time of the next speed negotiation is set to a value which is lower than the value from the previous speed negotiation, thus making it possible to suppress maximum permitted transfer rate during data transfer phase and permitting reduction in error rate.  
         [0155]    Embodiment 3  
         [0156]    [0156]FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a third embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0157]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that no permitted transfer rate comparison circuit is provided but tone transmit select circuit(s)  308  and multiplexer(s)  312  have been added; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  302  and receive signal detection timer(s)  310 . As the other components—i.e., PHY state machine(s)  301 , transmitter(s)  303 , receiver(s)  304 , error detection circuit(s)  305 , error counter(s)  306 , error counter reset timer(s)  307 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  309 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  311 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0158]    PORT state machine  302 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  301  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  303 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  302  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  304 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  305 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  301  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. In addition, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  305 , error counter  306 , and error counter reset timer  307  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and tone transmit select circuit  308  is thereafter notified so as to prevent tone signals from being output to the transmitter. In response thereto, tone transmit select circuit  308  would notify multiplexer  312  that the transmit signal should be terminated, as a result of which output from multiplexer  312  would stop.  
         [0159]    As described above, because, as a result of not sending tone signals over cable(s), establishment of connection(s) through exchange of tone signals with remote PORT(s) cannot be carried out, it is possible for circuitry to be designed such that transition is not made to speed negotiation phase(s) (for transceiving method(s) in which speed negotiation is carried out) or such that transition is not made to data transfer phase(s) (for transceiving method(s) in which speed negotiation is not carried out).  
         [0160]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  309  and timer  310  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer. Because the local port does not transmit tone signals, it is sufficient that the foregoing fixed time be greater than or equal to 132 ms (the duration of the tone cycle), it being possible to conclude that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom if receive signal(s) have not been detected for 132 ms or more. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  311  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  311  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0161]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  302 , error detection circuit  305 , and tone transmit select circuit  308  may be reset, and tone signals may again be transmitted over cable(s).  
         [0162]    Furthermore, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  309  and/or cable connect detection circuit  311  make it possible to reinitiate transmission over cable(s) of tone signals that had been suppressed, permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0163]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  314  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0164]    Embodiment 4  
         [0165]    [0165]FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a fourth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0166]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that no permitted transfer rate comparison circuit is provided but power supply control circuit(s)  412  and regulator(s)  413  have been added; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  402  and receive signal detection timer(s)  410 . As the other components—i.e., PHY state machine(s)  401 , transmitter(s)  403 , receiver(s)  404 , error detection circuit(s)  405 , error counter(s)  406 , error counter reset timer(s)  407 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  409 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  411 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0167]    PORT state machine  402 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  401  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  403 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  402  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  404 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  405 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  401  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. In addition, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  405 , error counter  406 , and error counter reset timer  407  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and power supply control circuit  412  is thereafter notified so as to cause the power supply at transmitter  403  to be turned OFF.  
         [0168]    In response thereto, power supply control circuit  412  turns OFF the power supply at transmitter  403 ; e.g., by outputting LOW to the output control pin of regulator  413  which regulates the power supply of transmitter  403 . Regulator  413  being merely one example that might be employed in connection with the power supply of transmitter  403 , the present invention is not limited thereto.  
         [0169]    Because establishment of connection(s) through exchange of tone signals with remote PORT(s) cannot be carried out due to the fact that transmitter  403  cannot send tone signals over cable(s) when its power supply is turned OFF, it is possible for circuitry to be designed such that transition is not made to speed negotiation phase(s) (for transceiving method(s) in which speed negotiation is carried out) or such that transition is not made to data transfer phase(s) (for transceiving method(s) in which speed negotiation is not carried out), making it possible to minimize waste of electrical power at transmitter  403  in situations where channel quality is poor.  
         [0170]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  409  and timer  410  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer. Because the local port does not transmit tone signals, it is sufficient that the foregoing fixed time be greater than or equal to 132 ms (the duration of the tone cycle), it being possible to conclude that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom if receive signal(s) have not been detected for 132 ms or more.  
         [0171]    Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  411  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  411  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0172]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  402 , error detection circuit  405 , and power supply control circuit  412  may be reset, and, by again turning ON the power supply at transmitter  403 , it will again be possible to transmit tone signals over cable(s).  
         [0173]    Furthermore, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  409  and/or cable connect detection circuit  411  make it possible to reinitiate transmission over cable(s) of tone signals that had been suppressed, permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0174]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  414  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0175]    Embodiment 5  
         [0176]    [0176]FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a fifth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0177]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that no permitted transfer rate comparison circuit is provided but TPBIAS mask circuit(s)  512  is/are provided within PORT state machine(s)  502 ; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  502  and receive signal detection timer(s)  510 . As the other components—i.e., PHY state machine(s)  501 , transmitter(s)  503 , receiver(s)  504 , error detection circuit(s)  505 , error counter(s)  506 , error counter reset timer(s)  507 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  509 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  511 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0178]    In the present embodiment, in the event that it is determined that channel quality is sufficient to allow normal data transfer to be carried out, masking within TPBIAS mask circuit  512  is disabled and PORT state machine  502  is allowed to be notified by the TPBIAS signal indicating data transfer request(s) from PHY state machine  501 .  
         [0179]    PORT state machine  502 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  501  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  503 .  
         [0180]    Furthermore, PORT state machine  502  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  504 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  505 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  501  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. In addition, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  505 , error counter  506 , and error counter reset timer  507  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and masking by TPBIAS mask circuit  512  is thereafter enabled, masking the TPBIAS from PHY state machine  501 .  
         [0181]    By so doing, because the PORT will always see an inactive TPBIAS from the PHY when it has been determined that channel quality is poor and transition has been made from data transfer phase to tone phase, it will be impossible to transmit long tone(s) and/or continuous signal(s), making it possible to achieve operation such that transition cannot be made to speed negotiation phase.  
         [0182]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  509  and timer  510  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer.  
         [0183]    Under OP i.LINK, in the event that the internal INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and transition is made to data transfer phase, if, based on the parent-child relationship previously established in tone phase, the local node is a parent node then it will initiate transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms, this being one-half of the tone cycle; but if the node is a child node, then it will transmit short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase. That is, except where transition has been made to tone phase as a result of errors resulting from the fact that the channel has been completely disconnected due to insertion/removal of cable(s), even where transition has been made to tone phase due to errors transmission of tone signals from the local port should be followed, after a time of from 64 ms (one-half of the tone cycle) to 132 ms (one tone cycle), by receipt of tone signals sent from the remote PORT.  
         [0184]    An appropriate value in the foregoing range of 64 ms to 132 ms is therefore chosen, the local port transmits tone signal(s), timer  510  being reset simultaneously therewith, and in the event that the value of timer  510  reaches the chosen value (fixed time) in the foregoing range 64 ms to 132 ms with receive signal still not having been detected by receive signal detection circuit  509 , this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected as a result of removal of the cable or for some other similar reason. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  511  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  511  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0185]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  502 , error detection circuit  505 , and TPBIAS mask circuit  512  may be reset, and, by disabling masking within TPBIAS mask circuit  512 , it is possible to achieve operation such that, if data transfer request(s) is/are again generated within PHY state machine  501  and TPBIAS goes active, PORT state machine  502  will be notified of such fact and long tone(s) and/or continuous signal(s) will be transmitted over cable(s), permitting transition to speed negotiation phase(s).  
         [0186]    Furthermore, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  509  and/or cable connect detection circuit  511  make it possible to reinitiate transmission over cable(s) of long tone signal(s) and/or continuous signal(s) that had been suppressed, permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0187]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  514  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality-being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0188]    Embodiment 6  
         [0189]    [0189]FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a sixth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0190]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that no permitted transfer rate comparison circuit is provided but TPBIAS generator circuit(s)  612  and TPBIAS mask circuit(s)  613  are provided within PHY state machine(s)  601 ; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  602  and receive signal detection timer(s)  610 . As the other components—i.e., transmitter(s)  603 , receiver(s)  604 , error detection circuit(s)  605 , error counter(s)  606 , error counter reset timer(s)  607 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  609 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  611 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0191]    In the present embodiment, in the event that it is determined that channel quality is sufficient to allow normal data transfer to be carried out, masking within TPBIAS mask circuit  613  is disabled and PORT state machine  602  is allowed to be notified by the TPBIAS signal generated by TPBIAS generator circuit  612  within PHY state machine  601 .  
         [0192]    PORT state machine  602 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  601  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  603 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  602  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  604 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  605 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  601  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. In addition, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  605 , error counter  606 , and error counter reset timer  607  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and masking by TPBIAS mask circuit  613  is thereafter enabled, masking the TPBIAS signal generated by TPBIAS generator circuit  612 .  
         [0193]    By so doing, because the PORT will always see an inactive TPBIAS from the PHY when it has been determined that channel quality is poor and transition has been made from data transfer phase to tone phase, it will be impossible to transmit long tone(s) and/or continuous signal(s), making it possible to achieve operation such that transition cannot be made to speed negotiation phase.  
         [0194]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  609  and timer  610  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer.  
         [0195]    Under OP i.LINK, in the event that the internal INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and transition is made to data transfer phase, if, based on the parent-child relationship previously established in tone phase, the local node is a parent node then it will initiate transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms, this being one-half of the tone cycle; but if the node is a child node, then it will transmit short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase. That is, except where transition has been made to tone phase as a result of errors resulting from the fact that the channel has been completely disconnected due to insertion/removal of cable(s), even where transition has been made to tone phase due to errors transmission of tone signals from the local port should be followed, after a time of from 64 ms (one-half of the tone cycle) to 132 ms (one tone cycle), by receipt of tone signals sent from the remote PORT.  
         [0196]    An appropriate value in the foregoing range of 64 ms to 132 ms is therefore chosen, the local port transmits tone signal(s), timer  610  being reset simultaneously therewith, and in the event that the value of timer  610  reaches the chosen value in the range 64 ms to 132 ms with receive signal still not having been detected by receive signal detection circuit  609 , this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected as a result of removal of the cable or for some other similar reason. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  611  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  611  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0197]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  602 , error detection circuit  605 , and TPBIAS mask circuit  613  may be reset, and, by disabling masking within TPBIAS mask circuit  613 , it is possible to achieve operation such that, if data transfer request(s) is/are again generated within PHY state machine  601  and TPBIAS goes active, PORT state machine  602  will be notified of such fact and long tone(s) and/or continuous signal(s) will be transmitted over cable(s), permitting transition to speed negotiation phase(s).  
         [0198]    Furthermore, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  609  and/or cable connect detection circuit  611  make it possible to reinitiate transmission over cable(s) of long tone signal(s) and/or continuous signal(s) that had been suppressed, permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0199]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  614  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0200]    Embodiment 7  
         [0201]    [0201]FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a seventh embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0202]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that no permitted transfer rate comparison circuit is provided but BIAS_DETECT mask circuit(s)  712  and BIAS_DETECT generator circuit(s)  713  are provided within PORT state machine(s)  702 ; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  702  and receive signal detection timer(s)  710 . As the other components—i.e., PHY state machine(s)  701 , transmitter(s)  703 , receiver(s)  704 , error detection circuit(s)  705 , error counter(s)  706 , error counter reset timer(s)  707 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  709 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  711 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0203]    In the present embodiment, in the event that it is determined that channel quality is sufficient to allow normal data transfer to be carried out, masking within BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  712  is disabled and PHY state machine  701  is allowed to be notified by the BIAS_DETECT signal generated by BIAS_DETECT generator circuit  713  within PORT state machine  702 .  
         [0204]    PORT state machine  702 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  701  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  703 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  702  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  704 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  705 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  701  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. In addition, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  705 , error counter  706 , and error counter reset timer  707  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and masking by BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  712  is thereafter enabled, masking the BIAS_DETECT signal controlled by BIAS_DETECT generator circuit  713 .  
         [0205]    By so doing, because the PHY will always see an inactive BIAS_DETECT signal from the PORT when it has been determined that channel quality is poor and transition has been made from data transfer phase to tone phase, it will be impossible to recognize data transfer request(s) from remote device(s), making it possible to achieve operation such that transition cannot be made to speed negotiation phase.  
         [0206]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  709  and timer  710  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer.  
         [0207]    Under OP i.LINK, in the event that the internal INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and transition is made to data transfer phase, if, based on the parent-child relationship previously established in tone phase, the local node is a parent node then it will initiate transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms, this being one-half of the tone cycle; but if the node is a child node, then it will transmit short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase. That is, except where transition has been made to tone phase as a result of errors resulting from the fact that the channel has been completely disconnected due to insertion/removal of cable(s), even where transition has been made to tone phase due to errors transmission of tone signals from the local port should be followed, after a time of from 64 ms (one-half of the tone cycle) to 132 ms (one tone cycle), by receipt of tone signals sent from the remote PORT.  
         [0208]    An appropriate value in the foregoing range of 64 ms to 132 ms is therefore chosen, the local port transmits tone signal(s), timer  710  being reset simultaneously therewith, and in the event that the value of timer  710  reaches the chosen value (fixed time) in the range 64 ms to 132 ms with receive signal still not having been detected by receive signal detection circuit  709 , this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected as a result of removal of the cable or for some other similar reason. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  711  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  711  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0209]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  702 , error detection circuit  705 , and BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  712  may be reset, and, by disabling masking within BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  712 , it is possible to achieve operation such that, if long tone(s) and/or continuous signal(s) transmitted by remote device(s) is/are received within PORT state machine  702  and BIAS_DETECT again goes active, PHY state machine  701  will be notified of such fact, permitting transition to speed negotiation phase(s).  
         [0210]    Furthermore, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  709  and/or cable connect detection circuit  711  make it possible to reinitiate BIAS_DETECT notification that had been suppressed, permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0211]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  714  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0212]    Embodiment 8  
         [0213]    [0213]FIG. 10 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in an eighth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0214]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that no permitted transfer rate comparison circuit is provided but BIAS_DETECT mask circuit(s)  812  is/are provided within PHY state machine(s)  801 ; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  802  and receive signal detection timer(s)  810 . As the other components—i.e., transmitter(s)  803 , receiver(s)  804 , error detection circuit(s)  805 , error counter(s)  806 , error counter reset timer(s)  807 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  809 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  811 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0215]    In the present embodiment, in the event that it is determined that channel quality is sufficient to allow normal data transfer to be carried out, masking within BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  812  is disabled and PHY state machine  801  is allowed to be notified by the BIAS_DETECT signal generated by PORT state machine  802 .  
         [0216]    PORT state machine  802 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  801  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  803 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  802  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  804 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  805 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  801  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. In addition, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  805 , error counter  806 , and error counter reset timer  807  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and masking by BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  812  is thereafter enabled, masking the BIAS_DETECT signal generated by PORT state machine  802 .  
         [0217]    By so doing, because PHY state machine  801  will always determine that the BIAS_DETECT signal from PORT state machine  802  is inactive when it has been determined that channel quality is poor and transition has been made from data transfer phase to tone phase, it will be impossible to recognize data transfer request(s) from remote device(s), making it possible to achieve operation such that transition cannot be made to speed negotiation phase.  
         [0218]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  809  and timer  810  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer.  
         [0219]    Under OP i.LINK, in the event that the internal INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and transition is made to data transfer phase, if, based on the parent-child relationship previously established in tone phase, the local node is a parent node then it will initiate transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms, this being one-half of the tone cycle; but if the node is a child node, then it will transmit short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase. That is, except where transition has been made to tone phase as a result of errors resulting from the fact that the channel has been completely disconnected due to insertion/removal of cable(s), even where transition has been made to tone phase due to errors transmission of tone signals from the local port should be followed, after a time of from 64 ms (one-half of the tone cycle) to 132 ms (one tone cycle), by receipt of tone signals sent from the remote PORT.  
         [0220]    An appropriate value in the foregoing range of 64 ms to 132 ms is therefore chosen, the local port transmits tone signal(s), timer  810  being reset simultaneously therewith, and in the event that the value of timer  810  reaches the chosen value in the range 64 ms to 132 ms with receive signal still not having been detected by receive signal detection circuit  809 , this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected as a result of removal of the cable or for some other similar reason. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  811  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  811  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0221]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  802 , error detection circuit  805 , and BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  812  may be reset, and, by disabling masking within BIAS_DETECT mask circuit  812 , it is possible to achieve operation such that, if long tone(s) and/or continuous signal(s) transmitted by remote device(s) is/are received within PORT state machine  802  and BIAS_DETECT again goes active, PHY state machine  801  will be notified of such fact, permitting transition to speed negotiation phase(s).  
         [0222]    Furthermore, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(S) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  809  and/or cable connect detection circuit  811  make it possible to reinitiate BIAS_DETECT notification that had been suppressed, permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0223]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  814  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0224]    Embodiment 9  
         [0225]    [0225]FIG. 11 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a ninth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0226]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that no permitted transfer rate comparison circuit is provided but SUSPEND/DISABLED control circuit(s)  912  is/are provided within PHY state machine(s)  901 ; and with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  902  and receive signal detection timer(s)  910 . As the other components—i.e., transmitter(s)  903 , receiver(s)  904 , error detection circuit(s)  905 , error counter(s)  906 , error counter reset timer(s)  907 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  909 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  911 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0227]    In the present embodiment, in the event that it is determined that channel quality is sufficient to allow normal data transfer to be carried out, the SUSPEND signal and the DISABLED signal controlled by SUSPEND/DISABLED control circuit  912  are both set so as to be inactive.  
         [0228]    PORT state machine  902 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  901  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  903 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  902  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  904 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  905 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  901  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. Furthermore, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  905 , error counter  906 , and error counter reset timer  907  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and SUSPEND/DISABLED control circuit  912  is thereafter notified to the effect that it should cause the PORT state to undergo transition to SUSPEND or DISABLED state. In response thereto, SUSPEND/DISABLED control circuit  912  sets SUSPEND active, causing the PORT to undergo transition to a suspended state; or sets DISABLED active, causing the PORT to undergo transition to a disabled state. When the PORT is in a suspended state, no transition is made to speed negotiation phase so long as PHY state machine  901  does not set TPBIAS active. Furthermore, when the PORT is in a disabled state, no transition is made to speed negotiation phase so long as DISABLED is not returned to its inactive condition.  
         [0229]    By so doing, if, when it has been determined that channel quality is poor and transition has been made from data transfer phase to tone phase, SUSPEND/DISABLED control circuit  912  within PHY state machine  901  is notified of such fact and the PORT is made to undergo transition to suspended state or disabled state, it will be possible to achieve operation such that transition cannot be made to speed negotiation phase.  
         [0230]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  909  and timer  910  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer.  
         [0231]    Under OP i.LINK, in the event that the internal INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and transition is made to data transfer phase, if, based on the parent-child relationship previously established in tone phase, the local node is a parent node then it will initiate transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms, this being one-half of the tone cycle; but if the node is a child node, then it will transmit short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase. That is, except where transition has been made to tone phase as a result of errors resulting from the fact that the channel has been completely disconnected due to insertion/removal of cable(s), even where transition has been made to tone phase due to errors transmission of tone signals from the local port should be followed, after a time of from 64 ms (one-half of the tone cycle) to 132 ms (one tone cycle), by receipt of tone signals sent from the remote PORT.  
         [0232]    An appropriate value in the foregoing range of 64 ms to 132 ms is therefore chosen, the local port transmits tone signal(s), timer  910  being reset simultaneously therewith, and in the event that the value of timer  910  reaches the chosen value in the range 64 ms to 132 ms with receive signal still not having been detected by receive signal detection circuit  909 , this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected as a result of removal of the cable or for some other similar reason. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  911  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  911  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0233]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  902 , error detection circuit  905 , and SUSPEND/DISABLED control circuit  912  may be reset, and, by causing the SUSPEND or DISABLED signal to go inactive, it will again be possible to notify PORT state machine  902  that TPBIAS is active, making it possible for the PORT to undergo transition to speed negotiation phase(s).  
         [0234]    Furthermore, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  909  and/or cable connect detection circuit  911  make it possible to terminate suspended and/or disabled state(s), permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0235]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  914  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0236]    Embodiment 10  
         [0237]    [0237]FIG. 12 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in a tenth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0238]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 2 (FIG. 3) with respect to the fact that operation is respectively different at PORT state machine(s)  1002  and receive signal detection timer(s)  1010 . As the other components—i.e., PHY state machine(s)  1001 , transmitter(s)  1003 , receiver(s)  1004 , error detection circuit(s)  1005 , error counter(s)  1006 , error counter reset timer(s)  1007 , receive signal detection circuit(s)  1009 , cable connect detection circuit(s)  1011 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 2, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0239]    PORT state machine  1002 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  1001  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  1003 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  1002  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  1004 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  1005 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  1001  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. In addition, in the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  1005 , error counter  1006 , and error counter reset timer  1007  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, PORT state machine  1002  undergoes transition from data transfer phase to phase(s) where improvement in channel quality is awaited. While in the foregoing phase(s) in which channel quality is to be improved, PORT state machine  1002  carries out repeated transmission and reception of tone signals until such time as it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0240]    By so doing, if it is determined that channel quality is poor, transition is not made from data transfer phase directly to tone phase but to phase(s) where improvement in channel quality is awaited, making it possible to achieve operation such that transition cannot automatically be again made to speed negotiation phase.  
         [0241]    Furthermore, receive signal detection circuit  1009  and timer  1010  make it possible to recognize that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom when remote signal(s) have not been detected for a preestablished fixed time or longer. Under OP i.LINK, in the event that the internal INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and transition is made to data transfer phase, if, based on the parent-child relationship previously established in tone phase, the local node is a parent node then it will initiate transmission of short tones after a delay of 64 ms, this being one-half of the tone cycle; but if the node is a child node, then it will transmit short tones immediately upon making the transition to tone phase. That is, except where transition has been made to tone phase as a result of errors resulting from the fact that the channel has been completely disconnected due to insertion/removal of cable(s), even where transition has been made to tone phase due to errors transmission of tone signals from the local port should be followed, after a time of from 64 ms (one-half of the tone cycle) to 132 ms (one tone cycle), by receipt of tone signals sent from the remote PORT.  
         [0242]    An appropriate value in the foregoing range of 64 ms to 132 ms is therefore chosen, the local port transmits tone signal(s), timer  1010  being reset simultaneously therewith, and in the event that the value of timer  1010  reaches the chosen value in the range 64 ms to 132 ms with receive signal still not having been detected by receive signal detection circuit  1009 , this may be interpreted as meaning that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected as a result of removal of the cable or for some other similar reason. Furthermore, cable connect detection circuit  1011  is capable of detecting whether the cable is unplugged at the local port, and in the event that cable connect detection circuit  1011  detects that the cable is unplugged, this may be interpreted as meaning that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom.  
         [0243]    In accordance with the foregoing method, in the event that it is established that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, since there is a possibility that cable(s) might have been replaced, repairs might have been made to transceiver(s), and/or the like, PORT state machine  1002  may be made to undergo transition to tone phase from phase(s) where improvement in channel quality was awaited and error counter  1006  may be reset.  
         [0244]    In accordance with the foregoing method, where it has been recognized that remote PORT(s) have been completely disconnected therefrom, receive signal detection circuit  1009  and/or cable connect detection circuit  1011  make it possible for transition to be made to tone phase from phase(s) where improvement in channel quality was awaited, permitting reinitiation of communication.  
         [0245]    Furthermore, by using an LED, for example, or other such external display apparatus  1014  to notify the user of the fact that, channel quality being poor, transition to data transfer ready state is being suppressed, it is possible to expect that channel quality might be improved as a result of replacement of cable(s), repairs to transceiver(s), and so forth.  
         [0246]    Next, referring to FIG. 13, state transitions of PORT state machine  1002  of the present embodiment are described. Note moreover that since operation in the respective states at tone phase S 1001 , speed negotiation phase S 1002 , and data transfer phase S 1003  are as described at OP i.LINK, Ver. 1.0, p. 60, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0247]    In the event that, the error rate of the channel being greater than a preestablished error rate, error detection circuit  1005 , error counter  1006 , and error counter reset timer  1007  determine during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase S 1003  to phase S 1004  where improvement in channel quality is awaited. In the foregoing phase where improvement in channel quality is awaited, transmission and reception of tone signals is carried out while complete disconnection of remote PORT(s) therefrom is awaited.  
         [0248]    If receive signal detection circuit  1009  and/or cable connect detection circuit  1011  in FIG. 12 and/or the like establish that the remote PORT has been completely disconnected therefrom and DISCONNECT_DETECT goes TRUE, then since there is a possibility that channel quality might have improved, the error detection signal ERROR_DETECT may be set to FALSE and transition may be made to tone phase S 1001  in initialized state.  
         [0249]    By imparting PORT state machine  1002  with phase(s) in which improvement in channel quality is newly awaited as described above, it is possible to achieve operation such that, even where channel quality is poor, transition is made from data transfer phase to tone phase, and automatic transition back to speed negotiation is thereafter suppressed.  
         [0250]    Embodiment 11  
         [0251]    [0251]FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing circuit structure in an eleventh embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0252]    Characteristic of the present embodiment is that it differs from the transceiver circuit in the foregoing EMBODIMENT 1 (FIG. 1) with respect to the fact that the error counter(s) is/are eliminated, and state transition counter(s)  1112  and timer(s)  1113  are provided within PORT state machine(s)  1102 ; and with respect to the fact that operation is different at PORT state machine(s)  1102 . As the other components—i.e., PHY state machine(s)  1101 , transmitter(s)  1103 , receiver(s)  1104 , and so forth—have functions respectively identical to those of the respective circuits described at EMBODIMENT 1, detailed description thereof will be omitted.  
         [0253]    State transition counter  1112  within PORT state machine  1102  is a counter that is incremented by 1 every time the state of the PORT undergoes transition from tone phase to speed negotiation phase. Furthermore, timer  1113  within PORT state machine  1102 , which might be reset when, for example, cable(s) is/are connected, measures the time until state transition counter  1112  reaches a preestablished value.  
         [0254]    PORT state machine  1102 , being an OP i.LINK-compliant PORT state machine, carries out transmission and reception of tone signals, establishing connection(s) with opposing port(s), carrying out speed negotiation, transitioning to data transfer phase upon normal termination of speed negotiation, and carrying out 8B/10B modulation of IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals and packets from PHY state machine  1101  and sending same over cable(s) by way of transmitter  1103 . Furthermore, PORT state machine  1102  carries out 8B/10B demodulation of receive signals received from receiver  1104 , and thereafter carries out error detection by means of error detection circuit  1105 , receive signals for which no error has been detected being output to PHY state machine  1101  as IEEE 1394-compliant arbitration signals or packets. Furthermore, in the event that the internal counter INVALID_COUNT reaches a preestablished value and it is determined during data transfer phase that channel quality is poor, and/or error(s) is/are detected at state B 2  and/or state B 3  during speed negotiation phase, transition is made to tone phase, and thereafter, if TPBIAS and BIAS_DETECT go active then transition is made to speed negotiation phase.  
         [0255]    State transition counter  1112  is incremented by 1 at each instance of a transition from tone phase to speed negotiation phase as has just been described, and if the time it takes for state transition counter  1112  to reach a preestablished value is less than or equal to a preestablished time, then, it being determined that channel quality is extremely poor, transition from tone phase to speed negotiation phase is suppressed. The transceiver circuit by means of which such suppression of transition is implemented may be a transceiver circuit as described at any of the foregoing EMBODIMENT 1 through EMBODIMENT 10.  
         [0256]    The present invention may be embodied in a wide variety of forms other than those presented herein without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The foregoing embodiments and working examples, therefore, are in all respects merely illustrative and are not to be construed in limiting fashion. The scope of the present invention being as indicated by the claims, it is not to be constrained in any way whatsoever by the body of the specification. All modifications and changes within the range of equivalents of the claims are moreover within the scope of the present invention.