Abstract:
The present invention relates to a gas cutting torch characterized in that a buffer is included within the preheating oxygen-supplying passage which is arranged in the inside of the injector head capable of supplying the preheated oxygen.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a cutting torch for gas cutting steel materials, more particularly it relates to a gas cutting torch that is constructed to prevent a backfire-phenomenon from breaking out continuously within the cutting torch which, otherwise, occurs during the cutting operation. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Hitherto, when a nozzle for gas cutting was pressed against a steel plate in the process of gas cutting, a spatter could be generated during cutting and would sometimes adhere to the nozzle, causing a backfire-phenomenon to be generated continuously within the cutting torch. 
     Therefore, and as shown in FIG. 4 hereof, a prior art method for absorbing the fuel gas by emitting high speed oxygen from the injector hole 3 of the injector head 2 in the gas cutting torch to prevent this backfire-phenomenon from being generated continuously has heretofore been proposed. Likewise, an article constituted by combining the measures of every part in the mixing parts of oxygen and gas with a fixed rate and the like has been disclosed. 
     However, since no consideration was given to the continuous backfire-phenomenon which was burning continuously in the gas mixing portion of the prior art, it was difficult to prevent the backfire-phenomenon. 
     Further, the prior art was effective where there was little discharge of the mixed gas, but there were defects in that the effectiveness was non-existent in the case of increased discharge and the like. Also, the techniques described in the specifications of U.S. Pat. No. 4,248,384 and No. 4,477,262 were well known, but it was difficult to prevent the continuous occurrence of the backfire in these techniques. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a gas cutting torch that is able to prevent the backfire phenomenon from being generated continuously within the gas cutting torch. 
     The present invention comprises a gas cutting torch which prevents the continuous backfire phenomenon. The cutting torch hereof includes a buffer within the preheating oxygen-supplying passage of the injector head of the torch to reduce fluid flow into an enlarged passage. The buffer can comprise a gear type-column having a plurality of grooves in the axial direction of an external circumferential surface or a lotus root type-column having a plurality of passing holes in the axial direction of the interior. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     In the drawing like reference numeral refers to like parts throughout the several views in which; 
     FIG. 1 is a sectional view showing the parts of the gas cutting torch in accordance with the present invention. 
     FIG. 2(A) is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the buffer hereof. 
     FIG. 2(B) is a perspective view of a second embodiment of the buffer utilized in the practice of the present invention. 
     FIG. 3 is a graph showing the backfire-sphere based on the ratio of a sectional area a 1  of the injector aperture and an effective sectional area a 2  of the passages for preheating oxygen in the buffer. 
     FIG. 4 is a sectional view showing an example of a prior art gas cutting torch. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring now to an embodiment in accordance with the present invention shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2(A), there is provided a gas cutting torch 1, including an injector head 2 having an injector aperture 3 disposed within the interior of the gas cutting torch. 
     A buffer 6a comprising a gear type-column having a plurality of grooves 5a formed in the axial direction of the external circumferential surface, is inserted within a preheating oxygen-supplying passage 4 inside the injector head 2. The buffer 6a is held in place by a hollow cap screw 18. The injector head 2 is held inside the gas torch by a back cap 7. 
     As shown in FIG. 2(B) the buffer 6b comprises a lotus root type-column. The lotus root type-column has a plurality of holes 5b passing in the axial direction within the interior of the column. 
     As shown in FIG. 1, a pipe 8 supplies the preheated or preheating oxygen. The pipe 8 supplies the preheated oxygen to the injector head 2 through a supplying passage 9. A pipe 10 supplies the fuel gas, around the injector head 2 through a supplying passage 11. A pipe 12 supplies the cutting oxygen. Pipe 10 supplies the cutting oxygen to a nozzle 14 through a passage 13. A nut or similar fastener 15 fixes the nozzle 14 in position by threaded tightening or the like. 
     The torch 1, also, includes a passage 16 for supplying a mixed gas, wherein the preheated oxygen is mixed with the fuel gas, to the nozzle 14. An enlarged passage 17 is arranged as a part of the mixed gas passage 16. 
     A hollow cap screw 18 holds the buffer 6a or 6b within the injector head 2, by installing and screwing the cap screw 18 to the inner circumferential wall of the injector head 2. 
     As mentioned above, the present invention comprises the provision of the buffer 6a or 6b within the preheating oxygen-supplying passage 4 of the injector head 2. When the backfire phenomenon is generated by a reversal of fire from the tip of the nozzle 14 to the neighborhood of the enlarged passage 17, an unusual impulsive pressure collides with the buffer 6a or 6b through the injector hole or aperture 3. At this juncture since a sectional area of a wall surface of a central part of the buffer 6a or 6b is larger than a sectional area of the injector hole 3, the unusual pressure is dissipated by the buffer 6a or 6b. At the same time, the preheated oxygen is supplied as usual through the grooves 5a of the buffer 6a or the holes 5b of the buffer 6b. 
     Furthermore, the unusual pressure based on the backfire phenomenon flows backward, entering the inlet of the fuel gas supplying passage 11, to 50-100 mm and the supply of the fuel gas is suspended temporarily by this backward flow. 
     Therefore, since only the preheated oxygen flows temporarily in the passage 16 for supplying the mixed gas, the fire based on the backfire is extinguished completely, consequently combustion based on the backfire in the enlarged passage 17 is also extinguished. 
     According to the results of various experiments which were performed by the present inventors, and as shown in FIG. 3 the effective ratio of a 2  to a 1  for preventing the backfire phenomenon ranges from 0.8 to 3.5, where a 1  is the sectional area of the injector hole 3 and a 2  is the effective sectional area of the oxygen passages of the buffer 6a. The most optimum value of the ratio of a 2  to a 1  is approximately 1.8. Further, when a diameter of the wall of the central part of the buffer 6a is smaller than the inside diameter of the injector hole 3, the effectiveness falls suddenly. Therefore, a diameter of the wall of the central part of the buffer 6a larger than the inside diameter of the injector hole 3 is necessary. 
     The point-chain line indicates a limit of a domain of the customary backfire in FIG. 3, and the range of the upper part of the graphic line is a domain for causing the backfire continuously. 
     Even if backfires are generated several times during the cutting operations, it is possible to prevent a backfire-phenomenon from continuously burning inside the torch, when the gas cutting torch is constructed in accordance with the present invention.