Abstract:
A process is described which enables Rifaximin in a completely amorphous form to be obtained. Said process comprises the steps of dissolving crude Rifaximin in absolute ethanol while hot and then collecting after precipitation by—cooling the title compound under amorphous form.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to the preparation of Rifaximin in amorphous form. 
     STATE OF THE ART 
     As is known Rifaximin is a non-systemic antibiotic belonging to the rifaximin-family, applied in the treatment of various pathologies including in particular diarrhea caused by  E. coli  or irritable bowel syndrome. 
     Various polymorphic forms of the product are known, for which various synthesis and purification processes have been described. 
     The present invention instead relates to the preparation of Rifaximin in amorphous form, by a process that comprises precipitating the desired product in absolute ethanol starting from a solution of crude Rifaximin. 
     Pharmaceutical active principles in amorphous form are in general more soluble than the corresponding crystalline forms, and this can present advantages—in terms—of improved absorption per os and consequently improved bioavailability. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         FIG. 1(   a  and  b ) and  FIG. 2(   a  and  b ) show respectively the PXRD and IR spectra of rifaximin obtained according to the process of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The process of the invention uses as starting product crude Rifaximin containing water. 
     The starting product is dissolved in absolute ethanol in the presence of ascorbic acid and the solution subjected to mild heating with stirring; the product precipitates by cooling the solution while stirring, and is then collected by filtration, washed with cold absolute ethanol and dried under vacuum. 
     The absence of significant peaks in the PXRD spectra carried out on the product obtained in this manner is evidence of the purity of the amorphous product obtained. 
     Example 1 
     20 g of crude rifaximin (containing an average water quantity of between 4 and 7%) were placed in a reaction flask in which 0.2 g of ascorbic acid and 200 ml of absolute ethanol were added. The suspension was heated to 60° C. with stirring until completely dissolved. The solution was allowed to cool to 25° C., maintaining stirring for a further three hours. 
     After precipitation, the suspension was left for a further 2 hours with stirring at a temperature of 12° C., then filtered. 
     The product on the filter was washed with 20 ml of cold absolute ethanol and the wet solid dried under vacuum at 70° C. for 18 hours until a KF value less than 4% was attained. 
     15 g of pure amorphous rifaximin were obtained. 
     The PXRD and IR spectra of the obtained product are shown in  FIGS. 1   a  and  2   a  respectively. 
     Example 2 
     20 g of crude rifaximin (containing an average quantity of water of between 4 and 7%) were placed in a reaction flask in which 0.2 g of ascorbic acid and 200 ml of absolute ethanol were added. The suspension was heated to 40° C. with stirring until completely dissolved. The solution was allowed to cool to 18° C., maintaining stirring for a further three hours. 
     After precipitation the suspension was left for a further 2 hours with stirring at a temperature of 8° C., then filtered. 
     The product on the filter was washed with 20 ml of cold absolute ethanol and the wet solid dried under vacuum at 60° C. for 18 hours until a KF value less than 4% was attained. 
     14 g of pure amorphous rifaximin were obtained. 
     The PXRD and IR spectra of the obtained product are shown in  FIGS. 1   b  and  2   b  respectively. 
     The dissolution profile of the substance in amorphous form was also determined, and compared with that of the substance in crystalline form. 
     It was found that the amorphous form easily dissolves in ethanol even without stirring, while the crystalline form is less wettable. 
     Moreover, with regard to water solubility, after conditioning a dissolution tester (Pharma Test Type PTW S III s/n 5390) using distilled water at a temperature of 37° C.±0.5° C. at a speed of 100 rpm, four dissolutions were carried out, in each of which the first three vessels of the dissolution tester were used for the substance in crystalline form and the last three for the substance in amorphous form. 
     10 ml of the solute were withdrawn from each vessel after 15 minutes of stirring; the withdrawn samples were filtered with 0.45 μm filters and subjected to spectophotometric analysis, repeating the operation after 30 and 60 minutes. 
     After one hour of dissolution, the substance in crystalline form has a concentration of dissolved substance equal to about 7% of that of the substance in amorphous form. 
     Consequently, the substance in amorphous form has a dissolved percentage which is one order of magnitude greater than that of the substance in crystalline form.