Abstract:
An electrical submersible pumping system includes a pump assembly and a motor assembly. The motor assembly includes a plurality of stator coils and each of the plurality of stator coils comprises magnet wire. The magnet wire has an insulator surrounding a conductor and the insulator is manufactured from a polyether ether ketone film. In another aspect, the preferred embodiments provide a method for manufacturing a motor assembly for use in an electrical submersible pumping system. The method includes steps of preparing magnet wire having an electrical conductor and a polyether ether ketone film insulator.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    This invention relates generally to the field of electric motors, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to improved magnet wire for use in high-temperature downhole pumping applications. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    Electrodynamic systems such as electric motors, generators, and alternators typically include a stator and a rotor. The stator typically has a metallic core with electrically insulated wire winding through the metallic core to form the stator coil. When current is alternately passed through a series of coils, magnetic flux fields are formed, which cause the rotor to rotate in accordance with electromagnetic physics. To wind the stator coil, the wire is first threaded through the stator core in one direction, and then turned and threaded back through the stator in the opposite direction until the entire stator coil is wound. Each time the wire is turned to run back through the stator, an end turn is produced. A typical motor will have many such end turns upon completion. 
         [0003]    Electrical submersible pumping systems include specialized electric motors that are used to power one or more high performance pump assemblies. The motor is typically an oil-filled, high capacity electric motor that can vary in length from a few feet to nearly fifty feet, and may be rated up to hundreds of horsepower. The electrical submersible pumping systems are often subjected to high-temperature, corrosive environments. Each component within the electrical submersible pump must be designed and manufactured to withstand these hostile conditions. 
         [0004]    In the past, motor manufacturers have used various insulating materials on the magnet wire used to wind the stator. Commonly used insulation includes polyether ether ketone (PEEK) thermoplastics and polyimide films. Insulating the conductor in the magnet wire prevents the electrical circuit from shorting or otherwise prematurely failing. The insulating material is typically extruded or sprayed onto the underlying copper conductor. In recent years, manufacturers have used insulating materials that are resistant to heat, mechanical wear and chemical exposure. 
         [0005]    Although widely accepted, current insulation materials may be inadequate for certain high-temperature downhole applications. In particular, motors employed in downhole applications where modern steam-assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) recovery methods are employed, the motor may be subjected to elevated temperatures. Extruded insulation material often suffers from variations in thickness, eccentricity and contamination as a result of the extrusion process. Prior film-based insulation requires the use of adhesive layers between the conductor and layers of film, which often has lower temperature performance than the film. There is, therefore, a need for an improved magnet wire that exhibits enhanced resistance to heat, corrosive chemicals, mechanical wear and other aggravating factors. It is to this and other deficiencies in the prior art that the present invention is directed. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    In preferred embodiments, the present invention includes an electrical submersible pumping system configured for operation in high-temperature applications. The electrical submersible pumping system includes a pump assembly and a motor assembly. The motor assembly includes a plurality of stator coils and each of the plurality of stator coils comprises magnet wire. The magnet wire has an insulator surrounding a conductor and the insulator is manufactured from a polyether ether ketone film. 
         [0007]    In another aspect, the preferred embodiments provide a method for manufacturing a motor assembly for use in an electrical submersible pumping system, wherein the motor assembly includes a stator and a rotor. The method includes the steps of first providing an insulator film comprised of a polyether ether ketone polymer. The method calls secondly for the wrapping of the insulator film around an electrical conductor to form magnet wire. Next, the method continues by heating the magnet wire to the melting point of the insulator film to seal the film around the magnet wire. Lastly, the method includes the step of placing the magnet wire through the stator to produce motor windings. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0008]      FIG. 1  is a back view of a downhole pumping system constructed in accordance with a presently preferred embodiment. 
           [0009]      FIG. 2  is a partial cross-sectional view of the motor of the pumping system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0010]      FIG. 3  is a close-up partial cut-away view of a piece of magnet wire from the motor of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0011]      FIG. 4  is a close-up partial cut-away view of a piece of magnet wire from the motor of  FIG. 2 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0012]    In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 1  shows a front perspective view of a downhole pumping system  100  attached to production tubing  102 . The downhole pumping system  100  and production tubing  102  are disposed in a wellbore  104 , which is drilled for the production of a fluid such as water or petroleum. The downhole pumping system  100  is shown in a non-vertical well. This type of well is often referred to as a “horizontal” well. Although the downhole pumping system  100  is depicted in a horizontal well, it will be appreciated that the downhole pumping system  100  can also be used in vertical wells. 
         [0013]    As used herein, the term “petroleum” refers broadly to all mineral hydrocarbons, such as crude oil, gas and combinations of oil and gas. The production tubing  102  connects the pumping system  100  to a wellhead  106  located on the surface. Although the pumping system  100  is primarily designed to pump petroleum products, it will be understood that the present invention can also be used to move other fluids. It will also be understood that, although each of the components of the pumping system  100  are primarily disclosed in a submersible application, some or all of these components can also be used in surface pumping operations. 
         [0014]    The pumping system  100  preferably includes some combination of a pump assembly  108 , a motor assembly  110  and a seal section  112 . In a preferred embodiment, the motor assembly  110  is an electrical motor that receives its power from a surface-based supply. The motor assembly  110  converts the electrical energy into mechanical energy, which is transmitted to the pump assembly  108  by one or more shafts. The pump assembly  108  then transfers a portion of this mechanical energy to fluids within the wellbore, causing the wellbore fluids to move through the production tubing to the surface. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the pump assembly  108  is a turbomachine that uses one or more impellers and diffusers to convert mechanical energy into pressure head. In an alternative embodiment, the pump assembly  108  is a progressive cavity (PC) or positive displacement pump that moves wellbore fluids with one or more screws or pistons. 
         [0015]    The seal section  112  shields the motor assembly  110  from mechanical thrust produced by the pump assembly  108 . The seal section  112  is also preferably configured to prevent the introduction of contaminants from the wellbore  104  into the motor assembly  110 . Although only one pump assembly  108 , seal section  112  and motor assembly  110  are shown, it will be understood that the downhole pumping system  100  could include additional pumps assemblies  108 , seals sections  112  or motor assemblies  110 . 
         [0016]    Referring now to  FIG. 2 , shown therein is an elevational partial cross-section view of the motor assembly  110 . The motor assembly  110  includes a motor housing  118 , a shaft  120 , a stator assembly  122 , and a rotor  124 . The motor housing  118  encompasses and protects the internal portions of the motor assembly  110  and is preferably sealed to reduce the entry of wellbore fluids into the motor assembly  110 . Adjacent the interior surface of the motor housing  118  is the stationary stator assembly  122  that remains fixed relative the motor housing  118 . The stator assembly  122  surrounds the interior rotor  124 , and includes stator coils (not shown) and a stator core  126 . The stator core  126  is formed by stacking and pressing a number of thin laminates to create an effectively solid stator core  126 . 
         [0017]    The stator core  126  includes multiple stator slots. Each stator coil is preferably created by winding a magnet wire  128  back and forth though slots in the stator core  126 . Each time the magnet wire  128  is turned 180° to be threaded back through an opposing slot, an end turn (not shown in  FIG. 2 ) is produced, which extends beyond the length of the stator core  126 . The magnet wire  128  includes a conductor  130  and an insulator  132 . It will be noted that  FIG. 2  provides an illustration of multiple passes of the magnetic wires  128 . The coils of magnet wire  128  are terminated and connected to a power source using one of several wiring configurations known in the art, such as a wye or delta configurations. 
         [0018]    Electricity flowing through the stator  122  according to different commutation states creates a rotating magnetic field, which acts upon rotor bars (not shown) and causes the rotor  124  to rotate. This, in turn, rotates the shaft  120 . The phases in a motor assembly  110  are created by sequentially energizing adjacent stator coils, thus creating the rotating magnetic field. Motors can be designed to have different numbers of phases and different numbers of poles. In a preferred embodiment, an ESP motor is a two pole, three phase motor in which each phase is offset by 120°. It will be understood, however, that the method of the preferred embodiment will find utility in motors with different structural and functional configurations or characteristics. 
         [0019]    Turning to  FIG. 3 , shown therein is a perspective view of a short section of the magnetic wire  128 . The conductor  130  is preferably constructed from fully annealed, electrolytically refined copper. In an alternative embodiment, the conductor  130  is manufactured from aluminum. Although solid-core conductors  130  are presently preferred, the present invention also contemplates the use of braided or twisted conductors  130 . It will be noted that the ratio of the size of the conductor  130  to the insulator  132  is for illustrative purposes only and the thickness of the insulator  132  relative to the diameter of the conductor  130  can be varied depending on the particular application. 
         [0020]    In a first preferred embodiment, the insulator  132  is a high quality polyether ether ketone (PEEK) film. Suitable PEEK film is available from Victrex Manufacturing Limited, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom, under the APTIV brand of products. The selected insulator  132  is preferably melt processable, has a relative thermal index (RTI) rating (as established by UL 746B) of about 220° C. and provides excellent chemical and radiation resistance. Furthermore, the selected insulator should also exhibit very good mechanical properties at about 220° C. 
         [0021]    Turning to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the selected insulator  132  is wrapped around the conductor  130 . In  FIG. 3 , the insulator  132  is wrapped in a manner in which the ends of the film overlap along an axis substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis of the conductor  130 . In  FIG. 4 , the insulator  132  is wrapped in a spiral manner around the conductor  130 . In particularly preferred embodiments, two or more layers of the insulator  132  film are wrapped around the conductor  130 . It will be appreciated to those of skill in the art that alternative methods of wrapping the insulator  132  around the conductor  130  are within the scope of the present invention. 
         [0022]    In both cases, the use of a melt-processable film insulator  132  permits the omission of an adhesive between the insulator  132  and conductor  130 . In presently preferred embodiments, the insulator  132  is directly applied to the conductor  130  and then sealed through application of heat to the insulator  132 . In a particularly preferred embodiment, the insulator  132  is wrapped around the conductor  130  and then heated to the polymer melting point. Pressure is then applied to bring the molten polymer insulator  132  into full contact with the conductor  130 . Heat and pressure can be applied through the combined use of heated anvils or rollers, ultrasonic equipment or lasers. A presently preferred sealing process includes heating the insulator film  132  to about 340-350° C., applying about 4 bar pressure to the molten insulator  132  for between 2-10 seconds, and cool while under pressure to below the glass transition temperature of the polymer. 
         [0023]    It is to be understood that even though numerous characteristics and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention have been set forth in the foregoing description, together with details of the structure and functions of various embodiments of the invention, this disclosure is illustrative only, and changes may be made in detail, especially in matters of structure and arrangement of parts within the principles of the present invention to the full extent indicated by the broad general meaning of the terms in which the appended claims are expressed. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the teachings of the present invention can be applied to other systems without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.