Abstract:
The present invention is directed toward building affordable modular homes, condominiums, apartments, and the like. The invention uses a variety of prefabricated machine compacted steel framed concrete walls which by virtue of their steel perimeters can be welded at the bottom to steel plates anchored in a concrete foundation and welded at the top to prefabricated steel trusses which span two or more walls. Welded to the top of the steel trusses are prefabricated steel framed concrete roof tiles to form a roof and ceiling. Prefabricated steel framed concrete walls are welded at predetermined points of contact to form the interior walls and rooms. It should be noted that the abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the claims pursuant to 37 C.FR Section 1.72 (b).

Description:
DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
     Preferred Embodiment  
       [0001]     Construction of an affordable concrete modular building begins with construction of a prefabricated steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0002]      FIG. 1A  Illustrates a rectangular steel frame formed by welding the ends of four steel members at right angles to each other. The width of the steel frame is defined by top horizontal steel member  54  and bottom steel member  56 . The height is defined by two vertical placed apart steel members  58 . Openings for doors and windows are provided by welding two set apart vertical steel members  60  to top  54  and bottom  56  steel members then welding between vertical steel member  60 , horizontal steel members  62  to define width and height of door and windows. Holes  64  on top of steel member  54  allows for insertion of electrical wires. Welded steel pipes  66  allows insertion of means to lift, move, and erect the steel framed concrete walls.  
         [0003]      FIG. 1B  Shows a pre-assembled electrical conduct  68  with a single electric box  74  welded at perimeters of holes  64  to allow insertion of electrical wires. Pre-assembled double electrical conducts  70  with double electric boxes  74  are welded at perimeters of holes  64  to allow insertion of electrical wires. Grill sections are provided by welding a plurality of vertical reinforcing steel bars  76  and  78  perpendicular to opposite sides of steel frame members, and welding a plurality or horizontal reinforcing steel bars  80  perpendicular to opposite sides of steel frame members. By performing the steps mentioned above a steel framed skeleton for a concrete wall is achieved. The next step is to place and secure the steel framed skeleton on top of a prefabricated steel forklift pallet, which is placed and secured on top of a vibration acted machine. A formulation of fluid concrete  82  is poured into the grilled sections of the steel framed skeleton. After the desired compaction is achieved and excess concrete trimmed, the steel forklift pallet with the steel framed concrete wall is removed and stored leaving the compacting machine free to repeat the operation. Other method for achieving the same results when a machine is not available is to place the steel framed wall skeleton flat on a flat surface and pour a formulation of fluid concrete  82  in the grilled sections of the steel framed wall skeleton. After trimming excess concrete let it set until cured and dry enough to be removed for storage or for erection.  
         [0004]      FIG. 1C  Shows a finished prefabricated steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0005]     In the following descriptions, it should be understood that all walls from  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 43  regardless of size and shape are fabricated with the method described above. Also, that all walls are steel framed concrete walls even if at times, the steel framed concrete walls are referred to as just walls.  
         [0006]      FIG. 1  Represents an exterior steel framed concrete door entrance wall.  
         [0007]      FIG. 2  Represents an exterior steel framed concrete window wall.  
         [0008]      FIG. 3  Represents an interior between rooms; entrance steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0009]      FIG. 4  Represents a triangular steel framed concrete wall, which when welded on top of wall in  FIG. 2  forms the front and/or back wall of a small affordable house. It also, provides structure for roof and defines roof pitch.  
         [0010]      FIG. 5  Represents a prefabricated steel truss, which when welded serves to span the distance between two standing set apart parallel walls. It also serves to add stability to the wall to which it is welded, and provides structural support for roof and ceilings and helps to define roof pitch.  
         [0011]      FIG. 6  Represents exterior bathroom steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0012]      FIG. 7  Represents an interior bathroom and hall entrance steel framed concrete wall. A portion of this wall affords privacy to the bathroom and part of this wall affords access to hall and other rooms.  
         [0013]      FIG. 8  Represents interior bathroom steel framed concrete wall. This wall affords access to bathroom.  
         [0014]      FIG. 9  Represents exterior steel framed concrete wall. It serves to afford continuity to larger walls adjacent to it and helps to define hall boundaries.  
         [0015]      FIG. 10  Represents an interior steel framed concrete wall. Its main use is to afford structure and privacy between adjacent room and bedrooms.  
         [0016]      FIG. 11  Represents a steel framed triangular concrete wall used to form front and back walls by welding two opposite triangular walls on top of two adjacent  FIG. 2  walls to achieve a wall similar to wall illustrated in  FIG. 20 . This welding arrangement provides front and back face walls for a building structure, provides structure for roof and defines roof pitch. This operation is done in order to clear freeway overpasses when transportation is necessary.  
         [0017]      FIG. 12  Represents a prefabricated steel truss, which when welded on top of two standing set apart parallel walls serves to span and stabilize them. It also provides structural support for roof and ceilings.  
         [0018]      FIG. 13  Represents a prefabricated steel grilled skeleton to fabricate a steel framed concrete roof tile.  
         [0019]      FIG. 14  Represents a prefabricated steel framed concrete roof tile.  
         [0020]      FIG. 15  Represents a method to erect and join prefabricated steel framed concrete walls to concrete foundations at bottom and to prefabricated steel trusses at top by welding with welding filler material  55 , the bottom of a prefabricated steel framed concrete wall  2  to a plurality of steel plates  57  anchored in a concrete foundation  61  with anchors  59  welded at bottom of steel plates  57 , welding at top of the wall, a plurality of prefabricated steel trusses  12 , which span the distance between two or three set apart parallel walls. Prefabricated steel framed concrete roof tiles  14  are welded at determined points of steel trusses  12  to provide roof to the structure.  
         [0021]      FIG. 16  Represents a front or rear prefabricated steel framed concrete wall built with one pouring operation. In order to avoid operations described on  FIG. 11 , this wall is fabricated in places where underpasses on freeways are not obstacles.  
         [0022]      FIG. 17  Represents a front or rear steel framed concrete wall used in building a small affordable house. This wall is fabricated in one single concrete pouring operation. In order to avoid operations described on  FIG. 4 , this wall is fabricated in places where freeway underpasses are not encountered.  
         [0023]      FIG. 18  Represents two  FIG. 11  triangular steel framed concrete walls welded opposite to each other and when welded on top of two welded adjacent  FIG. 2  walls form the front or rear walls illustrated on  FIG. 20 .  
         [0024]      FIG. 19  Represents two  FIG. 12  steel trusses welded opposite to each other and when welded on top of three upright parallel walls in a manner described on description of  FIG. 15  spans two rooms. These trusses in cooperation with walls described on  FIG. 18  gives structural support to the roof, ceilings and defines roof pitch.  
         [0025]      FIG. 20  Represent the front and rear steel framed concrete wall of a two, three or more bedroom house. It is fabricated either as a one single wall unit with one single concrete pour or assembled by welding two  FIG. 11  walls on top of two  FIG. 2  walls or assembled by welding one  FIG. 18  wall on top of one  FIG. 23  wall. All these operations are done in order to solve the problems present or not present by transportation constrictions of freeway underpasses. The fabrication of this wall is also determined by the capacity of equipment used to move and erect these walls.  
         [0026]      FIG. 21  Represents a single steel framed concrete wall that embraces four exterior walls at once. This wall is fabricated with a single concrete pour. The lines defining the different shapes and sizes of the single walls that this embracing single wall supplants are put here merely to illustrate their positions and functions. Although this single wall is not used in the construction of the house illustrated in  FIG. 34  below, the position and usage of this wall can be better understood by looking at illustration represented in  FIG. 34  below.  
         [0027]      FIG. 22  Represents the same features as the wall described in  FIG. 21  above and the supposed position of this wall can be seen in illustration represented in  FIG. 34  below.  
         [0028]      FIG. 23  Represents a single steel framed concrete wall that embraces two  FIG. 2  exterior walls and is fabricated with a single concrete pour. The line defining the two walls is fictitious. This wall in cooperation with a wall represented in  FIG. 18  form a wall similar to the wall represented in  FIG. 20  and serves as the front and rear face of a house building. The assembled method of this wall is due to the limitation presented by freeway underpasses when transportation is required.  
         [0029]      FIG. 24  Represents a single interior steel framed concrete wall that embraces one  FIG. 10  interior wall and one  FIG. 3  interior wall. This wall is fabricated with a single concrete pour. Its fictitious position and use can be better understood by looking at illustration represented in  FIG. 34  below.  
         [0030]      FIG. 25  Represents an interior single steel framed concrete wall that embraces two opposite  FIG. 7  walls. This wall is fabricated with a single concrete pour and its fictitious position in a three bedroom house can be better appreciated by looking at illustration represented in  FIG. 34  below.  
         [0031]      FIGS. 26, 27 ,  28  Are experimental steel framed concrete roof tiles, which manageability has not been tested. The purpose of these experimental roof tiles is to determine what is the thinnest weight factor and the largest surface factor that can be lifted and positioned without collapsing in on itself.  
         [0032]      FIG. 29  Represents concrete foundation  61 , standard concrete floor slabs  107  and floor slab  109 .  
         [0033]      FIG. 30  Represents a three room small house. This house is formed by welding the bottoms in a manner described on  FIG. 15  of steel framed concrete walls to steel plates  57  anchored in a concrete foundation  61  and welding exterior and interior wall at determined points of contact to each other. This house is shown without a roof in order to better understand the position and function of the different walls. The front room, which serves as kitchen and dining room is formed by welding three  FIG. 2  walls and one  FIG. 3  wall. The room behind serves as living room and bedroom and is formed by adding and welding one  FIG. 1  entrance wall, one  FIG. 7  bathroom wall and one  FIG. 2  window wall. The room behind the middle room is formed by adding and welding one  FIG. 6  wall, one  FIG. 9  exterior wall and one  FIG. 7  wall. This room serves as privacy and storage room. This house is designed for very poor agricultural areas in third world countries where sewer facilities may or may not be available.  
         [0034]      FIG. 31  Represents the concrete foundation  61 , standard concrete floor slabs  107 , bathroom concrete floor slab  109 , and small hall concrete slab  111 . This small affordable house is designed for young start up families, low wage earners, and low income retirees.  
         [0035]      FIG. 32  Represents a four room house and a small hall. This house is formed by welding the bottom of steel framed concrete walls to steel plates  57 , anchored in a concrete foundation  61  in a manner described on  FIG. 15  and welding exterior and interior walls at determined places of contact to each other. This house is shown without roof in order to better understand the position and function of the different walls. The front room, which serves as kitchen and dining room is formed by welding three  FIG. 2  exterior window walls and one interior  FIG. 3  between rooms entrance wall. The next room is a living room formed by adding and welding one exterior  FIG. 1  entrance wall, one exterior  FIG. 2  window wall and one interior  FIG. 7  bathroom wall. The next room is a bathroom and hall formed by adding and welding one exterior  FIG. 6  bathroom wall, one interior  FIG. 7  bathroom wall, one interior  FIG. 8  bathroom entrance wall and one exterior  FIG. 9  wall. The following room is a bedroom formed by adding three  FIG. 2  exterior window walls. The roof is formed by welding on top of the walls prefabricated steel trusses  12 , which form the structure that supports roof and ceiling. Prefabricated steel framed concrete tiles  14  are welded on top of steel trusses  12  to form the roof. These operations are illustrated in  FIG. 15  in drawing  3 / 9 .  
         [0036]      FIG. 33  Represents the concrete foundation  61  and standard room concrete slabs  107  with concrete bathroom slabs  109  and hall concrete slab  113 .  
         [0037]      FIG. 34  Represents an eight room house and a hall and is designed for the general public. This house can be completed all at once or by modular additions, which will increase its size as economic conditions of the customer improve. The following disclosures will make apparent the full concept of modular additions intended by this invention. Starting at the front of illustration represented by  FIG. 34 , the room at right is a dining room and is formed by welding the bottoms of two  FIG. 2  walls and two  FIG. 3  walls to steel plates  57  anchored in a concrete foundation  61  in a manner described on  FIG. 15  and also welded at determined points of contact to each other. The room behind the dining room is a living room and is formed by adding and welding one  FIG. 1  exterior entrance wall, one  FIG. 10  interior privacy wall and one  FIG. 7  interior bathroom wall. The room behind the living room is a bathroom and a small hall formed by adding and welding one  FIG. 6  exterior bathroom wall, one  FIG. 7  interior bathroom wall and one  FIG. 8  interior bathroom wall. The room behind the bathroom is a bedroom formed by adding and welding two  FIG. 2  exterior window walls, and one  FIG. 10  privacy wall. Getting back to the front, the room to the left of the dining room is a kitchen room formed by adding and welding two  FIG. 2  exterior window walls and one  FIG. 10  interior privacy wall. Behind the kitchen room is a bedroom formed by adding and welding one  FIG. 2  exterior window wall, and one interior  FIG. 7  bathroom wall. Behind the bedroom is a bathroom and a small hall formed by adding and welding one exterior  FIG. 6  bathroom wall, one interior  FIG. 7  bathroom wall, and one interior  FIG. 8  bathroom entrance wall. Behind the bathroom is a bedroom formed by adding one  FIG. 1  entrance wall, and one  FIG. 2  wall.  
         [0038]      FIG. 35A  Illustrates a rectangular steel frame formed by welding the ends of four flat steel members at right angles to each other and provided with a plurality of holes  77  at determined points of the steel members. The width of the steel frame is defined by top and bottom horizontal steel member  73 . The height is defined by vertical steel members  75 .  
         [0039]      FIG. 35B  Illustrates wood studs  79  fastened to rectangular steel frame through holes  77 .  
         [0040]      FIG. 36  Illustrates a rectangular steel frame formed by welding at right angles to each other the ends of four steel members standing on edge and provided with a plurality of holes  85  at determined points of the steel members. The width of the steel frame is defined by top and bottom horizontal steel members  81 . The height is defined by the vertical steel members  83 . Wood studs  87  are fastened to rectangular steel frame through holes  85 . Steel braces  89  are welded at steel frame corners to maintain square ness and give stability to the rectangular steel frame. Larger holes  91  are provided to insert electrical wires to serve walls. Openings for door and windows are provided in the manner familiar to persons skilled in the art of traditional wood houses building construction.  
         [0041]      FIG. 37  Illustrates a rectangular steel frame formed by welding at right angles to each other the ends of four shaped steel members provided with holes  99  at determined points of the steel members. The width of the steel frame is defined by horizontal top steel shaped member  93  and bottom flat steel member  97 . The height is defined by vertical steel shaped members  95 . Wood studs  101  are fastened to steel frame through holes  99 . Large hole  103  is provided to allow access to electrical wires to serve the wall. Openings for doors and windows as well as insulation and covering for the various steel framed wood walls is provided in the traditional method familiar to the persons skilled in the art.  
         [0042]      FIG. 38  Illustrates a right hand side view of house shown in  FIG. 34  prior to finishing coats. It shows the position of the different walls with a roof.  
         [0043]      FIG. 39  Illustrates the front view of house shown in  FIG. 34  prior to finishing coats. It shows the position of the different walls with a roof.  
         [0044]      FIG. 40  Illustrates a cross section  5 - 5  of  FIG. 38 . It shows at left a  FIG. 2  wall; at center shows a  FIG. 3  wall; at right shows a  FIG. 2  wall. Facing front at left is a  FIG. 10  wall facing front at right is a  FIG. 3  wall. These walls are welded at bottom to steel plates  57  anchored to a concrete foundation  61 . At top, they are welded to a plurality of steel trusses  12  which serves as roof and ceiling support and defines roof pitch. Steel framed concrete roof tiles are welded to top of steel trusses to form a roof. A more detailed description and illustration of this procedure can be seen in  FIG. 15 .  
         [0045]      FIG. 41  Shows a steel framed concrete wall plug wall which when welded to bottom of  FIG. 3  interior entrance wall converts it into a  FIG. 2  window wall and functions as such until it becomes necessary to add more rooms by removing  FIG. 41  wall plug. The wall reverts to  FIG. 3  entrance wall and gives access to added room.  
         [0046]      FIG. 42  Shows a steel framed concrete plug wall which when welded into window opening of a  FIG. 2  exterior window wall converts it into a  FIG. 10  privacy wall when a bedroom addition is required.  
         [0047]      FIG. 43  Shows a steel framed concrete wall plug welded into door opening of a  FIG. 7  wall and removed when access to an additional room is required.  
         [0048]     It should be understood that the modes, sequences, arrangement, qualities, sizes, filling materials referred to in this description are the best models I can think of to make it understandable and teach how to make and use this invention. The quantities, arrangement, and brevity of this description disclosure should not be understood or construed to limit the scope of this invention. Example, multi-level houses, condominiums, apartments, motels, rental storage buildings, etc. can be built with the basic components and principles of this invention.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS  
       [0049]      FIG. 1A  Illustrates a rectangular steel welded frame to form a steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0050]      FIG. 1B  Shows welded reinforced bar skeleton and electric wire insertion means prior to pouring.  
         [0051]      FIG. 1C  Shows a finished prefabricated steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0052]      FIG. 1  Represents an exterior steel framed concrete door entrance wall.  
         [0053]      FIG. 2  Represents an exterior steel framed concrete window wall.  
         [0054]      FIG. 3  Represents an interior between rooms; entrance steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0055]      FIG. 4  Represents a triangular steel framed concrete wall to support roof and define roof pitch.  
         [0056]      FIG. 5  Represents a prefabricated steel roof truss.  
         [0057]      FIG. 6  Represents exterior bathroom steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0058]      FIG. 7  Represents an interior bathroom and hall entrance, steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0059]      FIG. 8  Represents interior bathroom steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0060]      FIG. 9  Represents exterior steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0061]      FIG. 10  Represents an interior steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0062]      FIG. 11  Represents a steel framed triangular concrete wall.  
         [0063]      FIG. 12  Represents a prefabricated steel truss.  
         [0064]      FIG. 13  Represents a prefabricated steel grilled skeleton to fabricate a steel framed concrete roof tile.  
         [0065]      FIG. 14  Represents a prefabricated steel framed concrete roof tile.  
         [0066]      FIG. 15  Represents a method to erect and join prefabricated steel framed concrete walls to concrete foundations and to roof steel trusses.  
         [0067]      FIG. 16  Represents a front or rear prefabricated steel framed concrete wall.  
         [0068]      FIG. 17  Represents a front or rear steel framed concrete wall used in building a small house.  
         [0069]      FIG. 18  Represents two opposite steel framed triangular concrete walls welded together.  
         [0070]      FIG. 19  Represents two opposite steel framed triangular concrete walls welded together.  
         [0071]      FIG. 20  Represents two rectangular walls and two triangular walls welded together.  
         [0072]      FIG. 21  Represents a single concrete pour that embraces four exterior walls at once.  
         [0073]      FIG. 22  Represents the same features as the wall described in  FIG. 21 .  
         [0074]      FIG. 23  Represents a single concrete pour that embraces two  FIG. 2  walls.  
         [0075]      FIG. 24  Represents a single concrete pour that embraces one  FIG. 10  wall and one  FIG. 3  wall.  
         [0076]      FIG. 25  Represents a single concrete pour that embraces two  FIG. 7  walls.  
         [0077]      FIGS. 26, 27 ,  28  Represent experimental steel framed concrete roof tiles which have not been tested.  
         [0078]      FIG. 29  Represents concrete foundation and concrete floor slabs for a very small house.  
         [0079]      FIG. 30  Represents an arrangement of walls erected to form a very small house.  
         [0080]      FIG. 31  Represents concrete foundation and concrete floor slabs for a small house.  
         [0081]      FIG. 32  Represents an arrangement of walls erected to form a small house.  
         [0082]      FIG. 33  Represents concrete foundations and concrete floor slabs.  
         [0083]      FIG. 34  Represents an arrangement of walls erected to form a house.  
         [0084]      FIG. 35A  Represents a welded flat rectangular steel frame.  
         [0085]      FIG. 35B  Represents wood studs fastened to a flat rectangular steel frame.  
         [0086]      FIG. 36  Represents a welded standing on edge rectangular steel frame with some wood studs fastened to it.  
         [0087]      FIG. 37  Represents a welded steel shaped rectangular steel frame with some wood studs fastened to it.  
         [0088]      FIG. 38  Represents side view of arranged wall with roof.  
         [0089]      FIG. 39  Represents a front view of arranged walls with a roof.  
         [0090]      FIG. 40  Represents a cross section  5 - 5  of  FIG. 38 .  
         [0091]      FIG. 41  Represents a steel framed wall plug.  
         [0092]      FIG. 42  Represents a steel framed wall plug.  
         [0093]      FIG. 43  Represents a steel framed wall plug.  
     
    
     PRIOR ART  
       [0094]     Because bigger and more expensive homes return bigger profits, the prior art in the home building industry has been and is in a spiraling program of building ever bigger and more expensive homes, creating an ever increasing gap between the ones that can afford a bigger more expensive home and the ones that cannot.  
         [0095]     In general Prior Art in the Home Building Industry has failed to address the problem of an affordable house. In particular there has been and are some manufacturers of single and double wide mobile homes that to a certain extent have relieved the demand for more affordable homes, but these aluminum houses, if my speculation is right become sitting ducks in areas of high tornado and hurricane recurrences. The traditional wood construction method does not fend much better. Year in and year out, the destructive forces of these natural calamities make their presence known creating havoc with life and property. The home building industry has come out with the same remedies of years before. That is to build the same. So it seems to be that in general Prior Art has failed to address the problem of affordable houses. It has also failed to create a more sturdy homogeneous building that will stand up better to the destructive forces of Mother Nature.  
         [0096]     The terms and factors that are of interest to me are (a) affordable, (b) modular, (c) steel framed concrete walls. In an extensive search of Prior Art that contained some of these terms, I came across a large number of very economical attempts to solve one kind of problem or another. Some of the Prior Art that impressed me the most are:  
         [0097]     U.S. Pat. No. 1,982,217 Nov. 27, 1934 To Luehrs makes use of a prefabricated panel, but the width of the panels (about 5 feet) requires too many complicated and costly joints.  
         [0098]     U.S. Pat. No. 2,372,200 To Hayes 1941 uses pre-cast components for floor, walls and roof. The double walls with an air space between them for insulation are very smart, but costly. The prefabricated roof and ceiling are clean and smooth. I like Mr. Hayes 1941 house very much, but it is not very affordable in 2005 markets.  
         [0099]     U.S. Pat. No. 3,942,294 Mar. 9, 1976 To Savell uses pre-cast panels for wall construction, but uses a complicated procedure to join to the foundation, to roof structures at top and to adjacent walls.  
         [0100]     In one way or another, the patents mentioned above failed to satisfy the terms and factors mentioned above especially regarding the affordable term.  
       SUMMARY  
       [0101]     A method to build affordable modular homes, condominium, apartment and the like by using a variety of prefabricated steel framed concrete walls, which by virtue of their steel perimeters can be welded at bottom to steel plates, anchored in a concrete foundation; and welded at top to a plurality of prefabricated steel trusses which support welded prefabricated steel framed concrete roof tiles.  
       OBJECTS AND ADVANTAGES  
       [0102]     “Affordable”, “Modular”, and “Concrete Homes” are some of the words used in the title of my invention. Most of the objects and advantages of my invention are derived from the meanings of those words.  
         [0103]     In order to be affordable, this invention concept has to offer to the market a comparable product at a lower price. My invention does that and more. By fabricating steel framed concrete walls in a compacting machine, the density of the concrete is maximized. The strength is increased allowing for a reduced thickness of the walls. More than  97 % of the material used is concrete, which is a relatively low-cost material due to the large percentage of sand and gravel used in it. The structural strength rendered by the steel frames of the walls in cooperation with the compressive strength of concrete condensed in a compacting machine surpasses many times the strength of the conventional wood wall construction.  
         [0104]     Another objective and advantage of this invention is to provide an alternative to the light, fragile mobile home buildings which have very little resistance to the devastating forces of hurricanes and tornados.  FIG. 32  on page 7 of 11 of the drawings is comparable to a single wide mobile home, and  FIG. 34  on page 8 of 11 is comparable to a double wide mobile home. The heavier, more homogenous walls of this invention will stand much better to hurricanes and tornados because they are much stronger. Also, they present a greater resistance to pulling apart because they are welded to the foundation, roof, and each other. The roof is formed by steel framed concrete tiles welded to steel trusses and to each other so they present a tough resistance to being blown away in the event of hurricane and/or tornado force winds. They are also more affordable because of a competitive price, and the inclination of financial institutions to make money available for a permanent building resting on a permanent foundation. This is in contrast to a mobile home set on wheels or at best on a removable base. A person familiar with the physical properties of both nails and welds knows that it is a very easy procedure to pull a nail, but it is very difficult to pull apart a weld because the weld becomes integral with the parts that are being joined by the weld and to dislodge the weld from the parts it is joining requires a cutting torch or a die grinder in lieu of a hammer.  
         [0105]     Superior durability is another objective and advantage of my invention. This invention offers superior resistance to becoming deformed by the actions of time, wet and dry spells, etc. It is impervious to termites and other insect attacks. Also, it cannot be bored or infested by rodents, it cannot burn, and it presents a greater resistance to high winds such as hurricanes and tornados than the present wood framed method of construction.  
         [0106]     The modular design of this invention offers versatility in both size and layout at an affordable price. The design also allows for easy additions to be made even after the original construction is complete.  
         [0107]     Another objective of the present invention is to create a new business method that will build in low density areas, where land is reasonably priced, a tract of small, affordable houses that can be afforded and qualified for by young families just starting out and by low wage earners. As their economic condition improves, they can sell back their smaller homes and buy a larger one made with more of the modular panels in another subdivision of larger and upgraded homes. The smaller homes that have been bought back can then be refurbished and sold to another family that is just starting out . . . and so the cycle is started again.  
         [0108]     Another similar use would be to provide in high density areas, buildings with small comfortable condominiums to sell to young people just starting out, and low wage earners. As their economic condition improves, buy back the smaller condominiums and sell to them a larger condo in another building of larger condos. The smaller ones that have been bought back are then refurbished and sold to start the cycle again.  
         [0109]     This can also be done with apartments. It is an objective to build affordable apartment buildings that will relieve some of the high cost of rent, which sometimes absorbs 50% or more of a young person&#39;s income.  
         [0110]     It is also an objective to the present invention is to incite university students of U.S.A. and foreign countries to participate in the development of this invention. The reason behind this is that I am 78 years old and with most of the constrictions of that age. I do not have the time or the expertise to do this enterprise by myself. I would like to see a cooperation and exchange between the most advanced students of architecture, of civil engineering, of business of structural engineering, contracting law, accounting, and marketing. There is so much talent out there if only it can be tapped and if the present invention has any merits and a good possibility of becoming successful. The pent-up demand for affordable houses, condos, and apartments is geographically so large that a very extensive network is necessary to reach the majority of the potential customers. Participating university students will be able to acquire, by trial and error, and efficient method of managing the invention&#39;s programs. The present invention is willing to give to a university student&#39;s foundation at least 90% of the profits they will be able to generate. The function of the students should be that of C.E.O&#39;s, General Management, Contract Oversight, hiring full-time employees to manage the routine aspects of the business so that the participating students will manage and oversee the operations without taking too much time from their studies.  
         [0111]     To summarize: 
        A. Create a simple method of fabricating steel framed concrete walls in a compacting machine under factory condition, under better quality control conditions, at lower costs.     B. Create a method of joining the various structural components by welding, and thereby increasing joint strength and reducing the time required for erection.     C. Create a method of modular additions that are affordable, efficient, and economical.     D. Design a building method that builds better homes and a marketing method that makes those homes more affordable.     E. Design a home that is impervious to termites and other insect attacks, withstand aging better, and impervious to rodents, and stands up better to the destructive forces of nature.        
 
         [0117]     A by-product of this invention will be the large number of new jobs this enterprise will create. The new jobs because it will not take workers away from the home building industry that is trying to keep up with the demand for bigger and more expensive homes. The program of this invention is no to compete with the home building industry, but to compliment the industry with a product that they have no time or desire to develop. The programs described in this application are, as far as I know, the only concerted effort to address the problem of affordable houses. The only objection I can see on this invention is that it departs radically from the traditional method of wood construction, which makes this invention a concept ahead of its time. A house made of concrete will be understood in the future when Mother Nature will not be able to support the demand required to continue the current building practices.  
         [0118]     Provisions that are beyond my scope at the present time require that a policy, contract agreements, or some types of programs are created so that the creation of slums will be avoided.