Abstract:
The invention relates to an industrial cleaning facility comprising at least one treatment chamber ( 8 ) which can be put in an open position or a closed position (operating position). To ensure that the treatment chamber ( 8 ) can be loaded and unloaded without difficulty and to permit easy adaptation to a discontinuous production line ( 2; 3 ), the treatment chamber is divided up and consists of at least one lower part ( 13 ) and at least one upper part ( 26 ). The lower parts ( 13 ) can be fixed to a rotating column ( 9 ) having several arms and the upper parts ( 26 ) can be fixed to immovable holding posts ( 7 ) and be height-adjustable. In holding stations ( 7 ) the upper parts ( 26 ) and the lower parts ( 13 ) can be connected by means of lifting devices ( 38 ) and moved into the operating position.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to an industrial cleaning facility for the surface treatment of objects, especially of processed workpieces, with a treating medium, such as a cleaning liquid, steam, compressed air, heat, vacuum or the like, at least one processing chamber, which for loading and unloading is brought into an opened position and, as working position, is brought into a closed position, being provided for the treatment. 
     In the U.S. Pat. No. 3,706,317, a facility for washing and rinsing food containers for equipment on board of aircraft or other means of transportation is described. The facility, constructed for continuous operation, contains a washing chamber and a rinsing chamber, which are disposed in a straight row and each of which can be closed off by swinging doors. For transporting the food containers, moveable trailers are provided, which run on rails and, with the help of an endless revolving chain, are pulled in a row consecutively in a certain time cycle, step for step, through the facility. Each trailer of this facility has a hook and the chain has several catches, which are disposed at a distance from another and to which the trailers are hooked. The distance of the catches from one another corresponds precisely to the magnitude of a transporting step of the revolving chain, by means of which a first trailer is transported from the washing chamber into the rinsing chamber and a second trailer is transported into the washing chamber. Each trailer is placed in the center of the respective chamber, so that the doors can be opened or closed. By means of this construction of the facility, the trailers are guided at the chain, so that the required distance can be maintained. The exact positioning of the trailers in the chambers depends on the control of the movement of the chain. In order to be able to operate this facility, an operator must always move back and forth from the loading side to the unloading side, which can still be justified economically in the case of a partial load operation or for a small facility, such as this one without a drying step. For a full load operation or for a large industrial facility, however, the distances, which must be covered from loading to unloading, are so large in the case of such an in-line facility, that the use is not economically feasible. 
     DE 42 20 927 A1 discloses a continuous cleaning facility, with which washing boxes, which are permeable to the treating medium and disposed consecutively in a row, are taken up. The known cleaning facility has three processing chambers, which are disposed consecutively, namely, a cleaning chamber, a rinsing chamber and a drying chamber. The facility is operated by transporting the container in the cleaning chamber and the container in the rinsing chamber as well as the container in the drying chamber jointly into the next station. 
     At the inlet and outlet openings of the processing chambers, lids or doors are mounted, with which the chambers can be closed off during the treatment phase. 
     In order to facilitate the transport of washing boxes from chamber to chamber, rollers and slide rails are mounted in the processing chambers and form a transporting segment. In each processing chamber, a rotation device is installed, which takes up the washing box and can be caused to rotate by a motor in the longitudinal direction of the processing chamber, so that the washing box in the chamber is rotated during the processing phase. For this purpose, the washing box is closed off with a lid, so that the material, being washed, cannot fall out. 
     The motor for driving the rotation device is mounted at the outer wall of the processing chamber and drives the rotation device over a transmission. Moreover, the operating facilities for the individual processing chambers, such as pumps, valves, dampers, control and regulating equipment are installed at or in the chambers and connected over pipeline networks to the stationary devices of the facilities, such as containers holding cleaning or rinsing agents, distillation equipment and blowers for drying the processed materials. 
     During the processing phase, the material being processed, through nozzles installed in the cleaning chamber, is exposed to a stream of detergent, with which the materials to be washed are freed from adhering oil-containing or fat-containing processing residues. Rotating the washing basket results in good mixing, so that the detergent can wet all parts of the material to be washed. The processing phase in the rinsing chamber, in which the rinsing nozzles are installed, proceeds similarly. The material to be washed, which is wetted with the detergent solution, is exposed to a flow of rinsing material, which rinses off the detergent residues adhering to the material to be processed. Here also, the rinsing effect is improved by the rotation. Likewise, the rotation of the material to be washed improves the drying process. 
     The facility is completed with a continuous method for working up the rinsing liquid by distillation, multiple use of the energy given off by the distillation process, for example, for heating the cleaning and/or rinsing liquid or for heating the drying air. In addition, the material being processed can be rinsed by immersion or spraying, blown off with compressed air and dried by vacuum and/or infrared radiation and aqueous or hydrocarbon-containing washing liquids can be used. 
     The known facility has proven its value in practice. However, the facility can be used effectively only if the material to be processed is filled into special containers, which are permeable to the treating medium. These special containers are, for example, transporting boxes of perforated sheet metal or lattice rods, because normal transporting boxes of sheet metal shield the material from the processing medium, so that there is no intensive contact. Therefore, in the case of the known cleaning facility, the material to be processed, which is brought along in normal transporting boxes, is transferred into appropriate special containers. This is cumbersome and time consuming, because it prevents continuous processing and further processing of the materials. 
     DE 195 09 645 A1 discloses a washing facility, for which a washing zone and a rinsing zone and a drying zone are disposed in an arc and preferably in a circle and are connected with one another by means of a transporting segment. Furthermore, between the washing zone and the drying zone, a loading and unloading zone are provided, with which a connection is established between the drying zone and the washing zone. Accordingly, objects can be brought to the loading zone onto the transporting segment and are transported in a circle and pass consecutively through the washing, rinsing and drying zones of the facility. Finally, the objects leave the facility once again at the place where they were brought into the facility in a dirty state. 
     A roller conveyor, disposed in the circle, or a turntable constructed as a screen or grid, on which the objects are transported, serves as transporting segment. Owing to the fact that the objects are brought into the facility at approximately the same place, where they are taken from the facility, one operator is sufficient for loading and unloading. In any case, the work of the operator is made easier, since long distances no longer have to be covered in order to get from the loading area to the unloading area. What applies for the manual operation of the plant, applies of course also for automatic loading and unloading, integration into a manufacturing line being possible. In this case, the manufacturing line itself does not increase in length, because the cleaning facility is set up next to and not spatially within the manufacturing line. Overall, the facility requires little space, so that it can be used even when space conditions are tight, inside or outside, for example, in a corner. 
     The facility is intended to be operated continuously and not cyclically. Furthermore, the objects cannot be moved while being processed; for example, they cannot be rotated or brought into an oscillating motion in order to experience processing all around with the processing medium. In addition, no support is provided for the objects on the transporting segment, so that the objects, brought onto the conveying segment by means of the conveying and handling equipment, can change their position during the processing, so that the unloading is more difficult than the loading. With the known facility, it is also not possible to flood the chambers with the processing medium in order to be able to immerse the object. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the invention to provide a cleaning facility, which is an improvement with respect to the processing chamber and, in particular, works without closing caps or doors and can be loaded and unloaded easily. 
     It is an object of the invention to provide an industrial cleaning facility for the surface treatment of objects, especially of processed workpieces, with a treating medium, such as a cleaning liquid, steam, compressed air, heat or the like, at least one processing chamber being provided for the treatment, which is brought into an open position for loading and unloading and into a closed position as a working position, which makes a precisely fixed mode of operation and a reliable functioning of the processing chamber possible, simplifies the handling as well as the transport of the workpieces and improves the loading of the facility. 
     Pursuant to the invention, this objective is accomplished by means of two alternate cleaning facility embodiments. 
     The two embodiments relate to the use of the invention for different structural shapes and sizes of cleaning facilities. One embodiments is directed more towards smaller facilities with one or two processing steps, while the other embodiments is directed more to larger facilities, which provide multi-step surface processing, such as, a washing step, a rinsing step and a drying step. Furthermore, additional steps, such as a pre-washing step, a pre-rinsing step or a clean rinsing step can be provided. A separate processing chamber can be provided for each processing step. Such a cleaning facility with many processing steps is advantageously provided for the final cleaning of objects in order, for example, to be able to supply a workpiece to a final installation, while the smaller facility advantageously is used for the intermediate cleaning of workpieces, in order, for example, to free workpieces between two processing steps from coarse processing residues, such as oil, fat, shavings or chips. For this purpose, a small, compact, simply constructed and easily handled facility is created. Pursuant to the invention, such a facility shall contain a stationary sub-assembly, which consists essentially of a stand or a gallows-like mast, at the upper end of which the one part of the processing chamber is rigidly, that is, immovably, attached and can be equipped with facilities, with which the processing medium is distributed over the workpiece. These facilities can be spraying nozzles for a cleaning liquid, or air showers, with which compressed air, with which the workpiece is blasted, is ejected. It is also within the scope of the invention that this facility is formed from steam jet nozzles or heating facilities for drying. This stationary sub-assembly can interact with a mobile sub-assembly, which has a device for transporting the second part of the processing chamber and at least one seat for at least one workpiece. Advantageously, the seat is constructed so that it can be rotated or swivelled or provided with a driving mechanism. The part of the processing chamber, which can be moved with the transporting device, is a lower part; it can be constructed in the form of a tub or a container and is supplemented by the first part of the processing chamber, which is an upper part and can be constructed in the form of a hood. The lower part of the processing chamber can be shifted into a loading and unloading position with the transporting device. In the loading and unloading position, the object, a workpiece to be treated, is inserted into the seat and the two parts (upper part and lower part) are brought into a mutually aligned position and assembled with the transporting device and brought into the working position, in which the processing of the object takes place. When the processing is ended, the lower part and the upper part are separated from one another with the transporting device and the lower part is brought into the loading and unloading position, in which the object can be removed from the lower part. This can be done manually or automatically. The facility can be equipped advantageously with a processing chamber for a processing step. In this case, several such facilities with different processing steps, one of which cleans (wet or dry), another of which rinses and yet another dries, can interact. 
     In a reverse arrangement, the height of the upper part, which is mounted on the stand or the gallows-like mast, can be adjusted with respect to the lower part, in which case, the lower part can be immobile. Preferably, both parts are mounted movably, namely the upper part can be shifted or swivelled vertically with a lifting device and the lower part horizontally with the transporting device. This has the advantage that the upper part can be separated easily from the lower part even if the processing chamber is constructed pressure-tight or vacuum-tight. For loading and unloading the objects, the upper and lower parts can be shifted laterally to one another, so that the lower part can be loaded and unloaded conveniently. Objects, which protrude beyond the edge of the lower part, also do not hinder the assembly of the processing chamber. 
     Due to the further development of the invention a cyclic mode of operation of the facility becomes possible. While the processing chamber is being assembled from the upper part and the lower part, the second lower part, in the loading and unloading station, can be loaded or unloaded with an object. By these means, the stoppage time of the facility can be shortened. The transporting device can consist of a two-arm rotatable column, to the arms of which the lower parts are fastened. 
     The stoppage time can be shortened even more in accordance with an advantageous embodiment of the invention. While one object is being processed in the processing chamber, for example, with a blast of compressed air, a different object can be loaded in a loading station, and a cleaned object removed from the unloading station. 
     Pursuant to the invention, the transporting device is formed from a column, to the three or six arms of which the lower parts are attached. For a facility with two processing chambers, a column with three arms and lower parts can also be used. The extra lower part can be loaded and unloaded by a loading and unloading station. A four-arm column advantageously can be equipped with two processing chambers and separate loading and unloading stations or with three processing chambers and a common loading and unloading station. 
     In the case of an advantageous development of the invention, the two parts of the processing chamber can initially be moved independently of one another. While the one part carries out a movement with the transporting device in one movement position, the other part can carry out a movement relative to the movement plane of the part, which extends, for example, transversely to the first plane. These movements end in the stationary station in the working position of the processing chamber. By these means, a considerable shortening of the subsidiary times is achieved. Furthermore, in the case of the invention, the workpiece need be moved only in one movement position, for example, in a horizontal plane. It does not have to be raised or lowered. With that, even heavy workpieces can be handled easily. This leads to a simple construction of the transporting device and to a further shortening of the subsidiary times. Owing to the fact that the part for the seat for the workpiece is present in duplicate, the operating position of the processing chamber can be brought about with the one part in the stationary station and the loading and unloading with a workpiece can take place with the other part in the loading and unloading station, so that a further shortening of the subsidiary times is achieved by these means. 
     A further type of embodiment advantageously incorporates larger facilities in the invention, which provide for a multi-step surface processing, such as a washing step, a rinsing step and a drying step. In addition, there can be even other steps, such as a pre-washing step, a pre-rinsing step or a clean rinsing step. A separate processing chamber can be used for each processing step. Such a cleaning facility with many processing steps advantageously is provided for a final cleaning of objects in order, for example, to be able to supply a workpiece to a final installation. Due to the inventive, advantageous construction, the subsidiary times and, with that, the cycling times of a multi-chamber facility, can be shortened further because the workpieces, as they pass through the cleaning facility, do not have to be shifted in the sense that they are taken out of one processing chamber and placed in a different one. As a result, the transport through the cleaning facility is simplified even for heavy workpieces and, finally, the workpiece experiences the best possible care during transport through the cleaning facility. 
     A further type of embodiment of the invention is designed for larger facilities with three, four, five or even more processing chambers. In particular, the invention provides a transporting system for the workpieces, which works in a cycled mode. Moreover, stationary stopping stations are provided at the transporting segment of the transporting system. Advantageously, within the sense of the invention, divided processing chambers are used. Preferably, they consist of two separate parts, a tub-like lower part and a hood-shaped upper part. At the dividing edges, the two parts of the processing chambers have seals or are constructed with sealing surfaces, which interact with the seals and are constructed so that all upper parts of processing chambers fit together with all lower parts of processing chambers and can be exchanged for one another. 
     The upper parts of processing chambers are mounted at the stationary stopping stations of the transporting segment of the transporting system, preferably vertically above the transporting segment, and can be adjusted vertically. For this purpose, suspensions, at which the upper parts are suspended with lifting devices, are provided at the stationary stopping stations. As lifting devices, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders can be used, the housings of which are permanently connected with the suspensions and the piston rods of which are connected to the fastening lugs of the upper sides of the upper parts. 
     The lower parts of processing chambers are connected with a transporting device, which can move the lower parts cyclically on the transporting segment. Advantageously, the lower parts are connected rigidly with the transporting system and are moved along a transporting segment specified by the transporting system. The transporting segment can be circular or straight. 
     At least one seat or one holding device for at least one object is built into the lower parts of processing chambers. The seat can be constructed so that it be can rotated or swivelled, so that the object can be moved during the processing with a processing medium, such as a cleaning liquid. 
     The lower parts and the upper parts of the processing chamber face one another with their open sides, so that upper parts and lower parts can be assembled in the stopping stations and transferred into the working stations. This is accomplished by actuating the lifting devices, which press the upper parts firmly onto the lower parts and bring about or assemble a hermetic connection in such a manner, that there is shielding from the environment. 
     In the working position of the processing chambers, the workpieces are processed with the processing medium. During the processing, the workpieces are moved, so that a good effectiveness of the processing medium is achieved all around. 
     Advantageously, a different surface treatment takes place in each processing chamber. For example, in a first processing chamber, the preliminary washing of the workpiece can be carried out. For this purpose, facilities are built into the upper part, the lower part or the upper part and the lower part. With these facilities, the processing chambers can be flooded with cleaning liquid. Coarse processing residues are removed in this liquid bath by the movement of the workpiece. Alternatively, spray nozzles can also be used, with which the cleaning liquid is sprayed onto the workpiece. A dry cleaning process, for which the workpiece is blasted with compressed air, can also be provided as a preliminary cleaning process. 
     In a further processing chamber, a final cleaning takes place. With this final cleaning, the workpiece is processed, for example, with a cleaning liquid under high pressure. At the same time, deburring of the workpiece may also take place. If it is formulated on an aqueous basis with surface active substances, the cleaning liquid may contain detergents and, if it is formulated on a hydrocarbon basis, it may contain solvents. 
     Preliminary rinsing can take place in a further processing chamber and the main rinsing by an immersion method as well as by a spraying method can take place in a subsequent processing chamber. Still-adhering residues of cleaning liquids can be freed from the workpieces here. Finally, in a further processing chamber, the workpieces can be dried. This can be accomplished by introducing a current of air, advantageously a current of warm air, of an installed radiant heating system, for example, infrared heating, or by vacuum drying. All of these types of processing are known and can be employed for the inventive construction of the cleaning facility. Of course, other methods of processing, such as steam cleaning or steam drying or super-clean rinsing, can also be provided. The number of processing chambers depends on the nature and extent of the processing steps. For each processing step desired, the invention permits stationary stations to be provided with processing chambers, for example, cleaning facilities with up to eight to ten stationary stations. 
     Workpieces are transferred from one station to the next cyclically and simultaneously. When the processing phases in the individual processing chambers are concluded, all units for operating the processing chambers are stopped, the processing medium is discharged from the processing chambers and, if necessary, pressure is equilibrated. The lifting devices can then be actuated and the upper parts separated from the lower parts, that is, lifted from the lower parts, so that the connection is severed. After that, the transporting system can be activated, so that all lower parts are transported with the workpieces to the next stationary station. 
     In this secured position, the upper parts at the stationary stations are then actuated and brought into the working position. This process is repeated until the workpieces have passed from the first station of the cleaning facility to the last station. 
     The loading and unloading of the lower parts with workpieces can take place at stopping stations. These are stopping stations for the lower parts, at which there are no upper parts at the transporting segment. This construction is particularly suitable for a circular or U-shaped transporting segment, the empty stations for loading and unloading being placed at the free ends of the legs of the U. 
     In the case of a transporting system, which is constructed as a circulating system, that is, which has a circular transporting segment, the loading and unloading stations can be inserted between two stationary stations with upper parts. For this purpose, the above-described empty stations are provided. In this case, the number of lower parts of the transporting system exceeds the number of upper parts at the stationary stopping stations by two, namely an empty station for loading and an empty station for unloading the workpieces. Advantageously, the two empty stations are directly next to one another. 
     Advantageously, the loading station and the unloading station can be connected to a manufacturing line for the workpieces, which is controlled in a fixed cycle operation. The workpieces can also be larger machine parts, such as engine blocks, which must be subjected to a cleaning operation, possibly with subsequent drying, after or between individual manufacturing steps, in order to remove adhering processing residues of an oil-containing or fat-containing nature, or solid metallic or non-metallic particles, such as shavings or chips. A circulating transporting device has the additional advantage that its integration into the manufacturing line does not result in a significant spatial elongation of the manufacturing line. Instead, it can be placed laterally offset next to the manufacturing line, in which case the manufacturing line is interrupted and the corresponding end section of the manufacturing line is connected functionally with the loading station and the corresponding starting section of the manufacturing line is connected with the unloading station. Removal from the manufacturing line and transfer to the cleaning facility and removal from the cleaning facility and transfer to the manufacturing line can be accomplished with suitable handling equipment or robots. 
     Advantageously, the transporting system is constructed as a one-column facility, which has arms or brackets, corresponding to the number of lower parts present. The arms or brackets protrude by the same length from the column and are disposed at equal distances from one another. The lower parts of processing chambers are connected to the free ends of the arms or brackets. Advantageously, at least one rail, on which the lower parts are supported by rollers, is laid concentrically around the column. With that, the forces, transferred by the upper parts, can be absorbed at least partially by the rails. The transporting system can be driven centrally over the column or by individual driving mechanisms of the rollers. Alternatively, the arms or brackets can be mounted movably at the column and swivelled up and down with lifting devices, in order to assemble the complete processing chamber. 
     In order to be able to move the workpieces during the individual processing phases, the seats for the workpieces in the lower parts can in each case be coupled with an external driving mechanism. For this purpose, driving mechanisms with coupling elements are mounted on each stationary stopping station with upper parts and connected in the inactive position of the lower parts with external coupling elements of the seats. This can be done automatically. 
     For disposing of processing medium or for blowing the processing medium out of the processing chambers, collecting containers can be mounted at the stationary stations with upper parts and the lower part has drain connections, which can be closed off and empties into the Collection container. 
     From the collecting containers, the processing medium such as the cleaning liquid, can be removed with a pipeline and fed once again to the processing chamber for processing the workpieces. Advantageously, this is done with interposing a purifying device. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention is described in greater detail by means of examples illustrated in the drawings, in which 
     FIG. 1 shows a diagrammatic representation of a cleaning facility; 
     FIG. 2 shows a plan view of a different embodiment of the cleaning facility; and 
     FIG. 3 shows a section through the cleaning facility along the line A-B of FIG.  2 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The cleaning facilities, shown diagrammatically in the Figures of the drawings, are intended for surface treatments, such as cleaning, flushing and drying industrial workpieces  1 , for example, engine parts, such as engine blocks, transmission housings, cylinder heads, etc. 
     In the Figures of the drawings, only those components of the cleaning facility are shown, which are absolutely essential for an understanding of the invention. All other components may have a known structure and are therefore not described in greater detail. Identical functional parts have been provided with the same reference numbers in the Figures of the drawings. 
     FIG. 1 of the drawings shows the diagrammatic representation of a compact cleaning facility with a processing chamber  8  for processing the workpieces  1 , which can be assembled from parts  13 ;  26 , which are shown in the opened position in FIG.  1 . Of the parts  13 ;  26 , part  26  is constructed as the upper part and part  13  as the lower part. The upper part  26  is fastened to a projecting arm  37  of a lifting device  38  and has built-in facilities  30  for supplying the processing medium. These facilities  30  can be spraying nozzles for spraying cleaning liquid or one or more air showers, with which the workpiece  1  is blasted with compressed air in the working position of the processing chamber  8 . 
     The upper part  26  is rigidly fastened to the arm  37  and can be shifted with the lifting device  38  in the direction of the double arrow. The lifting device  38  is constructed as a gallows-like mast, which can be lengthened or shortened. The gallows-like mast can be a column, which can be adjusted hydraulically or pneumatically. 
     The lower part  13  of the processing chamber  8  is shown in FIG. 1 in a position, in which it is aligned with the upper part  26 . When the lifting device  38  is actuated, the upper part  26  is lowered onto the lower part  13  and both parts are assembled into a complete processing chamber  8 . The edges of upper part  26  and lower part  13  may have complementary sealing surfaces, which bring about a hermetic sealing of the processing chamber  8 . A seat  18  for a workpiece  1  is built into the lower part  13 . It is constructed so that it can be rotated or swivelled and is coupled with a driving mechanism  39  disposed at the transporting device  9 ;  10 . 
     The transporting device  9 ;  10  consists of a column  9  with two diametrically projecting arms  10 . The transporting device  9 ;  10  is coupled with a driving mechanism  11  and can be rotated. At each of the arms  10 , a lower part  13 , each with a seat  18 , is fastened. Each seat  18  is coupled with a driving mechanism  39 , which is located at the transporting device  9 ;  10 . In FIG. 1, a position of the transporting device  9 ;  10  is shown, in which the lower part  13 , as already mentioned, is in a position aligned with the upper part  26  and a further lower part  13  is brought into a loading and unloading position. In the region of the loading and unloading position, a loading and unloading station  7   a;    7   b  is formed, where a workpiece  1  is inserted by a belt, which is not described further, such as a conveyor or a transporting belt of a manufacturing line, into the seat  18 . When the processing of the workpiece  1  in the processing chamber  8  is concluded and the processing chamber is in the open position shown in FIG. 1, the workpiece can be inserted by the belt in the seat  18  and, subsequently, the transporting device  9 ;  10  turned through 180°. In the turned position, the untreated workpiece  1  from the belt is then in the closed position of the processing chamber  8  and the treated workpiece  1  from the processing chamber  8  is in the loading and unloading position and can be placed down on a further belt for removal. By actuating the lifting device  38 , the processing chamber  8  can be closed and brought into the working position. In the bottom of the two lower parts  13  of the processing chamber  8 , there is a drain connection  17  with a sealing cap, which is not shown. The used processing medium, such as the cleaning liquid, is discharged through the connection  17  into a collection tank  33 , which is below the processing chamber  8  at the lifting device  38 . The cleaning liquid can be supplied over pipeline  32  once again to the upper part  26 , advantageously with interposing facilities for reprocessing the used cleaning liquid. The lower parts  13  of the processing chamber  8  can have the same construction. 
     For the cleaning facility of FIGS. 2 and 3 of the drawings, the workpieces  1  from a finishing line, belt  2 , are deposited with the help of handling equipment or robots, which are not shown, and inserted in the cleaning facility and, at the outlet of the cleaning facility, removed with the aforementioned handling equipment and returned to the production line, belt  3 . 
     The individual components of the cleaning facility are attached or built onto a load-bearing rack construction  4 . In particular, the cleaning facility consists a horizontal system  5  for the workpieces  1 , which can be controlled in a cycled operating mode, and has stationary stopping stations  7  at the transporting segment  6  of the transporting system  5 . Furthermore, there are four divided processing chambers  8 , in which the individual processing steps are carried out. 
     As shown in FIG. 2, the transporting system  5  is intended for a circular transporting segment  6  and is constructed as a single column system. Six radially protruding arms  10  of equal length are disposed at an angle of 60° to one another at a rotatably mounted column  9 . The latter is driven by a geared motor or a stepping motor  11 . In the first case, the transporting steps or cycles are controlled by switching the motor on and off, for example, over limit switches. The transporting segment  6  consists of two rails  12 , which are laid concentrically about the column  9  with a certain track width. The arms  10  are mounted at the column  9  at a functional particular height above the rails  12  and their free ends extend approximately up the inner rail  12 . 
     Viewed from the center of the column  9 , the stationary stopping stations  7  are disposed around the transporting segment  6 . There is a total of six stopping stations  7 , which lie in a plane of division that coincides with the six arms  10 , so that all the arms  10  can be controlled precisely with each working cycle in a stopping station  7 . There are four stationary stopping stations  7  for the surface processing of the workpiece  1  and two stations  7   a  for the loading and  7   b  for the unloading. Fewer or more stopping stations can be provided. The number of stopping stations  7  depends on the nature and extent of the processing steps. 
     At the front ends of the arms  10 , the lower parts  13  of the processing chambers  8  are rigidly attached and reinforced by struts. All lower parts  13  can have the same structure. The lower parts  13  are constructed as open containers or tubs and each equipped with a bottom  14  and an open side  15 , which is opposite to the bottom and has a straight edge, which forms a sealing surface  16 . A drain connection  17  with a sealing cap, the details of which are not given, is disposed in the bottom  14 . The processing medium can be discharged through the drain connection  17  in a manner, which will be described in greater detail below. 
     A seat  18  for the workpiece  1  is built into the lower part  13 . The seat  18  has holding devices for the workpiece, the details of which are not given. The holding devices hold the workpiece  1  during the transport or during the processing. 
     As shown in FIG. 2, the seats  18  are built into the lower parts  13  in the extension direction of the arms  10  and have supporting legs, the details of which are not given and which extend parallel to and at a distance from the opposite side walls of the lower part  13  and are mounted rotatably in the lower parts  13  with two trunnions  19 . For this purpose, there may be trunnion seats at the side walls of the lower parts  13 , or the trunnions  19  may be taken through the side walls to the outside, forming a seal, and inserted and supported on the one hand, in a bearing at the end face of the arms  10  and, on the other, in a bearing seat  20  mounted outside at the side wall. The end of the trunnion  19  protrudes out of the trunnion seat  20  and has a coupling element  21 . At each of the stopping stations  7 , a stationary driving mechanism  22  with a coupling element, which fits the coupling element  21 , is set up. The driving mechanism  22  can be coupled with the seats  18  in the stopping station  7  and can be caused to rotate or oscillate. 
     As shown in FIG. 3, the lower parts  13  at two opposite sides are supported by rollers  24  on rails  12 . The track width of the rails  12  corresponds to the radial distance between the rollers  24 . A roller  24  is supported at each end of the arms  10  and at the trunnion seats  20 . For this purpose, roller suspensions are provided, the details of which are not described. The transporting system  5  also has a driving mechanism  11  for the lower parts  13  and, in the stopping stations  7 , a driving mechanism  22  for each of the seats  18 . The lower parts  13  can be transported step by step from station to station with the driving mechanism  11  and coupled, rotated or swivelled with the driving mechanism  11  for the seats  18 . 
     Suspensions  25 , to which the upper parts  26  of the processing chambers  8  are fastened, are present at the stopping stations  7  at the rack construction  4 . The upper parts  26  are constructed as hoods and can be lowered and raised by the lifting devices  27 . Pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, which are fastened to the suspensions  25 , function as lifting devices  27 . As shown by FIG. 3, the upper parts  26  are connected with the hood roof to the lifting device  27  and, with their open sides  28 , face the open sides  15  of the lower parts  13 . Like the lower parts  13 , the open sides  28  have straight edges, which have seals  29 , which fit together with the sealing surfaces  16  of the lower parts  13 . The parts  13 ;  26  fit together so well, that a watertight, spray watertight, droplet watertight, splashproof, airtight, dust-tight, pressure-tight or thermally insulating connection is brought about, depending on the requirements of the type of process, to which the workpieces  1  are subjected. The connection need fulfill only one but can fulfill all types of necessary tightnesses. 
     It is important that the parts  13 ;  26  fit together and supplement one another to form a complete cleaning chamber. In the stopping stations  7 , the open sides  15 ;  28  of the lower parts  13  lie aligned with and opposite to the upper parts  26 . Initially, the upper parts  26  are in a waiting position, which consists therein that, the distance between the lower parts  13  and the upper parts  26  is sufficiently large, so that a workpiece  1  can be inserted conveniently into the lower part  13  or that the workpiece  1 , protruding over the edge of the lower part  13 , does not collide with an upper part  26 . 
     From the waiting position, the upper parts  26  can be lowered simultaneously by actuating the lifting devices  27  and assembled with the lower parts  13  and the working position of the processing chambers  8  can be brought about. Facilities  30  for supplying the processing medium are built into the upper parts  26 . These facilities can be fittings, spraying nozzles for introducing a washing or rinsing liquid or for introducing a compressed air jet for dry cleaning or for introducing a current of air for drying, or electrical heaters, steam jets or vacuum suction valves and the like. As shown in FIG. 3, fittings for spraying a cleaning liquid are built into the upper part  26  of the left chamber  8 . These fittings are connected over a pipeline  31  and a pumping station  32  to a collection tank  33  for the cleaning or rinsing liquid, which is stationed at the stopping station  7 . According to FIG. 2, pumping stations  32  for other stopping stations  7  are also provided and connected over pipelines  31   a;    31   b  with collection tanks  33 . A variation, according to which the collecting tank  33  is connected over pipelines to recovery facilities for used cleaning or rinsing liquid, is not shown. The purpose of this variation is to refresh the cleaning or rinsing liquid in the collecting tanks  33  or to supply the recovered cleaning or rinsing liquid, coming from the recovery facility, directly once again to the processing chambers  8 . As furthermore shown in FIG. 3, at least one device, constructed as an air shower  30  for drying the workpiece  1 , is built into the right upper part  26  of the processing chamber  8 . Over the air duct  34 , the air shower  30  is connected over a heater  35  to a blower  36 , which produces a current of air, with which the workpiece  1  is dried. The guiding channel  34 , as well as the pipelines  31 ;  31   a;    31   b  advantageously are flexible, in order to be able to compensate for the lifting motion of the upper part  26 . 
     According to FIG. 2, the cleaning facility has a six-arm column  9  with a divisional scale of 60° with six lower parts  13  and four stationary stopping stations  7  with upper parts  26 , which can be assembled with four lower parts  13  into complete processing chambers  8 . Two empty stations  7   a;    7   b  are provided, which do not have upper parts  26 . The largest distance between two adjacent upper parts  26  here is three times the divisional scale (180°) of the six-arm column  9 . The station  7   a  serves for loading the lower parts  13  with workpieces from the belt  2  and the station  7   b  serves for unloading the lower parts  13  onto the belt  3  of a manufacturing line. The loading and unloading stations  7   a;    7   b,  adjacent to one another in one (60°) divisional scale of the six-arm column  9 , are disposed separated from one another and in each case removed by one divisional scale (60°) from the next stationary stopping station  7 . 
     The mode of operation of the cleaning facility is as follows. FIG. 2 shows a momentary state in the course of a processing cycle. A workpiece  1  has just been inserted from belt  2  into the lower part  13  at the loading station  7   a  and a workpiece  1  has just been placed at the unloading station  7   b  from the lower part  13  onto the belt  3 . In the stopping stations  7 , the processing of the workpieces  1  is concluded and the upper parts  26  are brought into the outlet positions. Any cleaning liquids, still present in the lower parts  13 , are stored in the collection tanks  33 . The driving mechanisms  22  are uncoupled. The column  9  is turned further in the direction of the arrow by one working cycle. The empty lower part of the unloading station  7   b  is then in the loading station  7   a,  the workpiece  1  from the loading station  7   a  is in the first stationary stopping station  7 , in which a preliminary washing step takes place, the workpiece  1 , previously in the first station  7 , is now in the second stopping station  7 , in which the main washing step takes place, the workpiece  1 , previously in the second station  7 , is now in the third stopping station  7 , in which a rinsing step takes place, the workpiece  1 , previously in third station, is now in the fourth stopping station  7 , in which drying is carried out and the workpiece  1 , previously in the fourth station, has now arrived in the unloading station  7   b.  This working cycle is completed and the lower part  13 , now empty, can be loaded once again from belt  2  and a workpiece  1  from the unloading station  7   b  can be placed on belt  3 .