Abstract:
The main power service panel is provided with a special sliding gate on the face plate which can be selectively positioned to control the manual throw of adjacent circuit breaker handles for main and auxiliary power inputs fed thereto. The control is such that only one of the two circuit breakers can be conditioned for power transmittal at any one time. Accordingly, primary and auxiliary power supplies can be readily wired to associated main and auxiliary circuit breakers of the main power panel so that distribution circuit breakers of the panel can be energized in the event of failure of one of the power supplies, assuring a supply of power to the discrete distribution circuits. This selected supply to either breaker is accomplished with assurance there will be no back feed of electrical energy to the alternative supply.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   Prior to the present invention various electric power panel formats and configurations have been devised so that electrical service can be provided by primary and auxiliary sources to assure energization of the panel distribution circuits. One technique and construction for safely connecting an auxiliary generator to a main power panel to provide stand-by power is through a manual transfer switch in an auxiliary panel. This panel is wired to an adjacent main panel and can be manually set to rout electricity from the municipal power supply or from a stand-by generator to main panel distribution circuits. An example of such construction is disclosed in Popular Mechanics, March 1998, pp 79–82 Another technique and construction involves the employment a special circuit breaker for a main power panel with a signal controlled internal selector. This breaker is operative to receive power from either main or alternate electric power sources and route power to distribution circuits as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,570,269 issued May 27, 2003 to McMillan et al for Method and Apparatus for Supplying Power to a Load Circuit from Alternate Power Sources. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   While these prior constructions, techniques and systems have meritorious features they are costly, space-consuming, complex and difficult to install and service. Accordingly, new and improved constructions and systems offering straight-forward solutions are needed to replace outmoded systems and old constructions. The present invention responds to and meets these needs with new and improved power panel construction and provides new and higher standards for the economical, assured and consumer selected delivery of utility or auxiliary power to household circuits that is both safe and sound. In this invention available components are uniquely combined into a new and improved assembly to provide a main electric service panel with circuit breaker control gate for primary and auxiliary power sources. 
   This invention relates to dual input electrical circuit breaker and box assemblies feeding a plurality of discrete power distribution circuits and more particularly to new and improved breaker and breaker box assemblies which can readily accommodate and isolate separate feeds from main and standby power supplies into adjacent circuit breakers. These breakers have manual control handles whose on-off switch movement is limited and controlled by a special gate unit adjustably mounted on the breaker box so that only the main breaker or the stand by breaker can be positioned at an “on” position at any one time. This ensures that there is no back flow of electrical energy into the supply not being utilized. 
   With this invention new and improved standards are presented with a straight forward construction featuring a minimized number of electrical connections and eliminating auxiliary panels. Moreover a wide range of existing power panels including those in service can be readily modified in accordance with this invention to safely provide for stand-by electric power. 
   These and other features, objects and advantages will be more apparent from the following specification, claims and drawings in which: 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  is a diagrammatic view of a portion of a breaker box being fed by an electrical power source for delivery to discrete power distribution circuits in a building; 
       FIG. 2  is a diagrammatic view similar to that of  FIG. 1  illustrating an auxiliary power generator unit located exterior of the building and hooked up to the main power panel of the building; 
       FIG. 3  is a pictorial outer view of the power panel of  FIG. 2  illustrating the circuit breakers of the power panel with a control gate according to this invention in a first breaker control position; 
       FIG. 4  is a partial view, similar to the view of  FIG. 3 , illustrating the control gate displaced to a second breaker control position; and 
       FIG. 5  is an enlarged pictorial view of the control gate in a position blocking the throw of a breaker control arm. 
       FIG. 6  is a sectional view taken along sight lines  6 — 6  of  FIG. 5 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
   Turning now in greater detail to the drawings,  FIG. 1  diagrammatically illustrates two 115 volt power feeds  10 ,  12  and ground  13  routed from a step-down transformer  14  of a main or primary power supply  16  of a utility through a meter  18  and a remote load center  20  to a main electrical supply panel  22 . This main panel provides a control center with circuit overload and short circuit protection for a building such as a home and is mounted by fasteners  23  to a suitable support structure. The electrical panel comprises a box-like case  24  formed with a peripheral wall  26  extending upward from a back plate  28  which terminates in an inwardly-extending upper flange  30 . 
   The flange  30  presents a flattened surface for securely mounting a face panel assembly  32  thereto (see  FIGS. 2–4 ). The face panel assembly includes a front closure plate  34  having a pair of side-by-side rectilinear access openings or windows  36 ,  38  formed therein and separated by a centralized vertical strip or mullion  39 . The front closure plate  34  is firmly secured to the face flange  30  by retainer screws  40 . The face panel assembly  32  further includes a solid access door  42  mounted to the front closure plate  34  by aligned side hinges  44 ,  45  for swinging movement between (1) a closed and latched position directly over the front closure plate  34  and its access openings and (2) an open position such as shown in  FIGS. 3 and 4  uncovering the closure plate. The open position of the door accordingly exposes openings  36 ,  38  and access to the front portions and manual handles of double pole main circuit breaker  46  and single pole distribution circuit breakers  48 ,  50  operatively mounted in side-by-side banks within the case of the power panel. 
   More particularly the back plate  28  of the case has a breaker mounting back pan or mounting bracket  52  secured thereto onto which the main circuit breaker  46  and distribution circuit breakers  48 ,  50  are detachably mounted. The back pan  52  is an outwardly-facing, open-channel configuration defined by a flattened bottom surface  54  and opposing side walls. The elongated and upper terminal edges of these side walls define laterally-spaced breaker attachment rails  56  and  58 . 
   In the installed position the mounting bracket extends vertically along the back wall of the case and is securely attached thereto. The mounting back pan  52  may be of an electrical insulating material and furnishes support for a pair of vertically extending and flattened bus bars  60  and  62 . The bus bars have laterally extending interleaved side fingers  64 ,  66  that are physically separated and insulated from one another. The bus bar fingers  64 ,  66  terminate in upwardly-projecting stabs  68 ,  70  that are aligned in a row and are vertically spaced from one another such as diagrammatically illustrated in  FIG. 1 . Moreover, a serpentined insulator  72  separates the bus bars, their laterally-extending and interlaced fingers and their associated upwardly extending stabs  68 ,  70  from one another. The stabs operatively fit into corresponding rear sockets and onto plug on terminals provided in the back portions of the double pole main breaker  46  and the single pole distribution circuit breakers  48 ,  50  for establishing the electrical connections thereto and to assist in the retention of the breakers on the back pan. Moreover the mullion  39  fits in an elongated rectilinear recess  51  formed by the relief in adjacent end portions of horizontally aligned circuit breakers to further stabilize circuit breaker position in the unit. 
   The double pole and single pole circuit breakers are ampere rated protective units that control the power flowing through the power panel and through its various distribution circuits in the home, illustrated in  FIGS. 1 and 2 . The distribution circuits routed from the circuit breakers  48 ,  50  are diagrammatically illustrated by leads  68   a ,  68   b ,  68   c , and  70   a ,  70   b ,  70   c ,  70   d ,  70   e . A wide range of circuit breakers, bus bars and their connections are suitable for service in this invention. For example the circuit breakers, bus bars and related constructions such as those illustrated in U.S. Pat. No. 3,566,318 issued Feb. 23, 1971 to Gelzheiser et al for Circuit Breaker with Improved trip Means; U.S. Pat. No. 5,745,337 issued Apr. 28, 1998 to Reiner for Wire Barrier for Electrical Panel Board and U.S. Pat. No. 5,973,914 issued Oct. 26 to Rose et al for Circuit Breaker Hold-Down which are hereby incorporated by reference may be utilized. 
   The circuit breakers are configured as thin, block-like, rectilinear units that may be serially installed on the back pan by hooking a retainer foot of each individual circuit breaker on the associated rail  56 ,  58  of the back pan. The partly installed breaker is then turned about the rail connection until the back socket and associated plug on terminal of the breaker is fully pressed onto the associated back stab  68 ,  70  of the bus bars linked thereto. The circuit breakers are accordingly tightly secured to the back pan and electrically connected to the associated bus bar. If desired, a hold down screw or other hold down mechanism can be utilized to further secure and stabilize the circuit breakers in installed positions within the case. 
   The profile of the body of the main circuit breaker  46  is similar to that of the distribution circuit breakers  48  but comprises two conjoined rectilinear casings instead of the single rectilinear casing of the distribution breakers. Each of the conjoined circuit breaker casings however includes its own operating mechanism with an outwardly-projecting handle portion. These projecting handle portions are integrated as illustrated by ganged handle  76  in the drawings thereby uniting the sections of the main circuit breaker as double pole unit. The distributing circuit breakers  48 ,  50  have a single pole operating handle  78 ,  80  respectively and are separately operative to control their separate distribution circuits. 
   Moreover the operating handles of the main and distribution breakers project through the openings  36 ,  38  formed within the front closure plate of the casing and are readily accessible for manual displacement in a horizontal paths such as path “P” in  FIG. 5  between “on” and “off” positions to respectively condition the connected breakers for power transmission or for effecting the breaking or interruption of the associated circuit. As is well known in this field, these manual handles are operatively connected to the internal lever systems within the casing that include solenoids or other electrically energizable triggering mechanism which automatically opens the associated circuits in the event of arcing, overloads, or short circuits. Moreover, these circuit breakers are protective units that control the power routed into the case  24  and from the case through various particular distribution circuits in the home such as diagrammatically illustrated by leads  66   a ,  66   b ,  66   c  and  68   a ,  68   b ,  68   c ,  68   d ,  68   e.    
   In a circuit breaker arrangement such as in  FIG. 1 , the consumer can readily check the main and distribution circuits by simply opening the front closure plate  34  of the supply panel as mounted in the home and by observing the positions of the various breaker handles. If a distribution circuit becomes overloaded for example, the associated breaker handle of the distribution circuit breaker will be automatically displaced to an “off” position in which electrical contacts are parted to thereby break the associated distribution circuit. This prevents circuit overheating and possible fire as is well known in this art. This distribution circuit can be readily reinstated by removing the overload and resetting the controlling distribution circuit breaker by moving its manual handle though the “off” position and back to the “on” position. 
   In the event of a failure of utility supply to the main breaker  46  such as from a defective or “burnt out” transformer  14  or a downed utility power line, power supply for the home will be seriously interrupted and often for an extensive time period so that home occupants quickly realize their dependence on electricity. Failure to power accessories such as furnaces, refrigerators, lighting circuits and water pumps often leave the occupants cold, hungry, uncomfortable and in the dark. 
   In response to such problems from power outages, this invention provides for new and improved auxiliary electrical power input to the main power panel which is sufficient to keep important distribution circuits running. An auxiliary electric power generator  86  located outside of the building is accordingly directly connected to the household wiring in accordance with this invention in a way which straight-forward, economical, safe and convenient. More particularly this auxiliary generator  86  is a portable unit powered by an internal combustion engine that has power feeds  88 ,  90  that are operatively connected to the two sections of an auxiliary double pole breaker  92 . Ground wire  91  is connected to a ground in the box As illustrated best in  FIG. 2  the auxiliary breaker  92  is directly installed onto the back pan  52  of the electrical power panel in the blank space  95  ( FIG. 1 ) immediately below the main circuit breaker  46  to provide an auxiliary input. 
   The double pole auxiliary breaker  92  is like the main breaker  46  but has lower amperage rating such as 60 amps for each section, manually controlled with a ganged manual handle  96 . Each section of the auxiliary breaker has a plug on terminal that connects to the respective bus stabs  68  and  70  so that both bus bars are energized by the auxiliary generator when the auxiliary power is being utilized. 
   Importantly in this invention a double pole circuit breaker gate  100  is operatively mounted on the centralized mullion  39 . The gate  100  comprises a main rectilinear body  102  that is flattened and formed with an elongated slot  104  extending a fixed distance along the extent of the main body. A pair of hex headed threaded fasteners  106 ,  108  that have shanks which extend through slot  104  and bores formed at strategic locations in the mullion  39  and thread into nuts  107  and  109 . This slidably secures the gate on the mullion and accurately sets the upper and lower limits of gate travel. This fastening could be accomplished by having the shanks thread into the mullion or by forming the mullion with upstanding bosses to fit into the slot  104 . In any event the fasteners can be advanced to tightly secure the gate in any adjusted position as desired or needed. 
   As illustrated in FIGS.  3 , 4 , 5  the gate further comprises a blocker arm  110  integral with the main body  102  that extends laterally to a terminal blocker end portion  112  that contacts the arm portion of either of the double pole breakers. The blocker end portion contacts and blocks movement of the double pole main breaker handle  76  when the bottom of slot  104  engages the shank of the threaded fastener  106  as shown in  FIGS. 4 and 5 . In this position the main breaker handle is positively blocked and inhibited from being moved to the “on” position. Moreover because of interference with lower handle  96  of the auxiliary breaker, the blocker arm must remain in the main breaker blocking position. When the auxiliary breaker handle is moved to the “on” position shown in  FIG. 5 , auxiliary or standby power then powers the distribution circuits. 
   As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , when the auxiliary breaker arm is moved to the off position, the gate  100  may be shifted downwardly until the top of the slot  104  engages the shank of the threaded fastener  108 . The blocker end portion  112  of the blocker arm  110  then contacts the arm portion of the double pole auxiliary breaker handle and prevents it from being moved to an on position. Accordingly the auxiliary breaker is positively inhibited from being closed when the main breaker is closed for transmission of power to the two bus bars. 
   In a preferred embodiment, the fasteners secured to the mullion project thorough the slot and limit the vertical travel of the gate between (1) a first position ( FIG. 3 ) in which the contact surface  112  of the laterally extending blocker arm  110  contacts the manual operating handle  98  of the auxiliary generator circuit breaker to prevent it from being moved to an “on” and (2) a second position ( FIG. 4 ) in which the contact surface  112  of the laterally extending blocker  110  physically contacts the manual operating handle  76  of the main circuit breaker  46 . Consequently only the main breaker or the auxiliary breaker can be moved to a closed position at any one time. Isolation of the powered breaker from the non-powered breaker is thus assured. 
   If desired the blocker arm  110  can be moved to an intermediate position between the  FIGS. 3 and 4  positions so that contact surface  112  will block handles  96  and  76 . This prevents either from being placed in the “on” position so that the distribution circuits can be safely serviced. 
   While specific embodiment of the invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various modifications and alternatives to these specifications could be developed in light of the teachings thereof. Accordingly the particularly arrangements disclosed are meant to be illustrative only and not limiting as to the scope of the invention which is to be given the full breath of the claims appended and all equivalents thereof.