Abstract:
A gene which is associated with tumor suppression and is localized on chromosome 11 has now been identified. The identification, localization and sequence of a gene which demonstrates differential expression in a manner that correlates with tumorigenicity suggests that this gene could potentially be used for gene therapy in cancers deleted or altered in their expression of the gene. Furthermore, a gene which is localized on chromosome 11p15, with identified polymorphisms, could be used for analysis of tumor DNA for loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 11p15. This region of chromosome 11 shows frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in many human malignancies. Thus, the determination of LOH at chromosome 11p15 may be useful in predicting the prognosis of that tumor.

Description:
This is a Continuation of application Ser. No. 07/916,762, filed Jul. 17, 1992, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Chromosome 11 contains genes which can suppress the tumorigenicity of HeLa cells in nude mice. Suppression of tumorigenicity in HeLa cells was first demonstrated in studies of somatic cell hybrids of HeLa cells with normal human fibroblasts. See, Klinger, Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 27:254-266 (1980) and Stanbridge, Nature, 260:17-20 (1976). These hybrid cell lines, unlike HeLa, were non-tumorigenic, but retained other properties of transformed cells such as immortalization and the ability to grow in soft agar. See, Stanbridge, et al., Science, 215:252-259 (1982). The non-tumorigenic hybrids gave rise to rare segregants which had regained the property of tumorigenicity. Karyotype and RFLP analysis of such segregants demonstrated a loss of one copy of chromosome 11 relative to the non-tumorigenic cell lines. See, Srivatsan, et al., Cancer Res. 46:6174-6179 (1986) and Kaelbling, et al., Cytogenet. Cell Genet., 42:65-70 (1986). Direct functional evidence for the existence of a chromosome 11 HeLa tumor suppressor came with the demonstration that microcell mediated transfer of chromosome 11 to HeLa or a tumorigenic segregant line resulted in partial or complete suppression of tumorigenicity. See, Saxon, et al., EMBO J., 5:3461-3466 (1986). Tumor suppression mediated by chromosome 11 transfer has also been demonstrated in a cell line derived from a Wilms&#39; tumor (see, Weissmann, et al., Science, 236:175-180 (1980)), in the cervical carcinoma cell line SiHa (see, Koi, et al., Mol. Carcinogen., 2:12-21 (1989)), and in a rhabdomyosarcoma cell line (see, Oshimura, et al., J. Cell. Biochem., 42:135-142 (1990)). 
     The specific chromosome 11 gene or genes responsible for tumor suppression in the HeLa-fibroblast system have not been identified. Comparison of proteins and RNA species expressed by hybrid cell lines has revealed that extremely few genes show differential expression between the tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic hybrids. For example, when 1.2×10 5  clones from a subtracted cDNA library were screened, only one differentially expressed gene was identified. See, Dowdy, et al., Nuc. Acids Res., 19:5763-5769 (1991). This gene was expressed at only 2-4 fold higher levels in the non-tumorigenic hybrids than in the tumorigenic segregants. In the HeLa/fibroblast system, one gene which displays marked differential expression has been characterized: that for intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP). Both HeLa and the tumorigenic segregants express high levels of this enzyme, whereas virtually no RNA, protein, or enzyme activity is detectable in the suppressed hybrids. See, Latham, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 87:1263-1267 (1990). Although the IAP gene may prove to be a target of the tumor suppressor gene, it does not map to chromosome 11 and does not by itself affect tumorigenicity upon transfection. See, Latham, et at., Cancer Research, 52:616-622 (1992). 
     A gene which is associated with tumor suppression and is localized on chromosome 11 has now been identified. The identification, localization and sequence of a gene which demonstrates differential expression in a manner that correlates with tumorigenicity suggests that this gene could potentially be used for gene therapy in cancers deleted or altered in their expression of the gene. Furthermore, a gene which is localized on chromosome 11p15, with identified polymorphisms, could be used for analysis of tumor DNA for loss of heterozygosity at chromosome 11p15. This region of chromosome 11 shows frequent loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in many human malignancies. See, Junien, et al., Genomics, 12:620-625 (1992). Thus, the determination of LOH at chromosome 11p15 may be useful in predicting the prognosis of that tumor. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention provides for a substantially purified nucleic acid having a sequence substantially identical to a nucleic acid of Sequence I.D. No. 1. This invention further provides for a substantially purified nucleic acid encoding the polypeptide of Sequence I.D. No. 2. This invention also provides for nucleic acid probes that are subsequences of the HTS1 gene and have at least 12 nucleotides, said probes specific for binding to HTS1. By specific it is meant that the probe does not substantially bind to other sequences in the human genome. The preferred probes are: 
     (a) bases 3570 to 4205 of Seq. I.D. No. 1; 
     (b) bases 305 to 2698 of Seq. I.D. No. 3; and 
     (c) Seq. I.D. No. 4. 
     The present invention further provides a substantially purified nucleic acid which is substantially identical to the nucleic acid of Sequence I.D. No. 1 and which is operably linked to a promoter, preferably when contained in an expression vector. 
     The present invention further provides a cell transformed or transfected with a nucleic acid having a sequence substantially identical to the nucleic acid of Seq. I.D. No. 1 and which may be operably linked to a promoter. The preferred cell is mammalian. 
     The present invention further provides a substantially purified polypeptide having an amino acid sequence substantially identical to a polypeptide of Sequence I.D. No. 2. 
     The present invention further provides a method of detecting the presence of HTS1 in a physiological specimen, using the steps comprising: 
     (i) contacting a nucleic acid probe which is complementary to a portion of the HTS1 gene with the specimen under conditions which allow said nucleic acid probe to anneal to complementary sequences in said sample; and 
     (ii) detecting duplex formation between the nucleic acid probe and the complementary sequence. 
     The preferred nucleic acid probe of step (i) is a subsequence of the entire HTS1 gene, more preferably the probe corresponds to bases 3570 to 4205 of Sequence I.D. No. 1. The target nucleic acid of the specimen may be genomic DNA, mRNA or cDNA. Additionally, this method may be used to detect HTS1 polymorphisms by first digesting the specimen with an endonuclease restriction enzyme and then allowing the resulting nucleic acid fragments to anneal to the nucleic acid probe of step (i). 
     The present invention further provides a method of detecting HTS1 using PCR for amplification of the HTS1 gene or a portion thereof. Preferred is a PCR method using the following set of primers: GACTGGCAGCGGGGACCTCA (Seq. I.D. No. 5) and AGCCAAACCACTGATCTTCC (Seq. I.D. No. 6). 
     The present invention further provides a method for the detection of HTS1 in a physiological specimen, using immunoassays and the following steps: 
     (i) contacting the physiological specimen with a substantially purified immunoglobulin that specifically binds the polypeptide encoded by the HTS1 gene; 
     (ii) allowing the immunoglobulin to bind to the polypeptide; 
     (iii) removing immunoglobulin not bound to the polypeptide; and 
     (iv) detecting the bound immunoglobulin. Any standard immunoassay may be used, however preferred modes include radioimmunoassays and ELISA. 
     The preferred physiological specimen for any methods of the present invention are, human tissue, blood, or cells grown in culture. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Definitions 
     Nucleic acids 
     The phrase &#34;nucleic acid sequence&#34; refers to a single or double-stranded polymer of deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide bases read from the 5&#39; to the 3&#39; end. It includes both self-replicating plasmids, infectious polymers of DNA or RNA and non-functional DNA or RNA. 
     Nucleic acids, as used herein, may be DNA or RNA. Additionally, substantial nucleic acid sequence identity exists when a nucleic acid segment will hybridize under selective hybridization conditions, to a complement of another nucleic acid strand. 
     The term &#34;complementary&#34; means that one nucleic acid is identical to, or hybridizes selectively to, another nucleic acid. Selectivity of hybridization exists when hybridization occurs that is more selective than total lack of specificity. Typically, selective hybridization will occur when there is at least about 55% identity over a stretch of at least 14-25 nucleotides, preferably at least about 65%, more preferably at least about 75%, and most preferably at least about 90%. See, M. Kanehisa Nucleic Acids Res. 12:203 (1984), incorporated herein by reference. 
     &#34;Isolated&#34; or &#34;substantially pure&#34;, when referring to nucleic acids, refer to those that have been purified away from other cellular components or other contaminants, e.g., other cellular nucleic acids or proteins, by standard techniques, including alkaline/SDS treatment, CsCl banding, column chromatography, and others well known in the art. See, F. Ausubel, et al., ed. Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (1987), incorporated herein by reference. 
     &#34;Nucleic acid probes&#34; may be DNA fragments prepared, for example, by PCR as discussed above, or synthesized by either the phosphoramidite method described by Beaucage and Carruthers, Tetrahedron Lett. 22:1859-1862 (1981), or by the triester method according to Matteucci, et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 103:3185 (1981), both incorporated herein by reference. A double stranded fragment may then be obtained, if desired, by annealing the chemically synthesized single strands together under appropriate conditions or by synthesizing the complementary strand using DNA polymerase with an appropriate primer sequence. Where a specific nucleic acid sequence is given, it is understood that the complementary strand is also identified and included. For the complementary strand will work equally well in situations where the target is a double stranded nucleic acid. 
     A nucleic acid probe is complementary to a target nucleic acid when it will anneal only to a single desired position on that target nucleic acid under conditions determined as described below. Proper annealing conditions depend, for example, upon a probe&#39;s length, base composition, and the number of mismatches and their position on the probe, and must often be determined empirically. For discussions of nucleic acid probe design and annealing conditions, see, for example, Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual (2nd ed.), Vols. 1-3, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, (1989) or Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, F. Ausubel et al., ed. Greene Publishing and Wiley-Interscience, New York (1987), both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     The term &#34;promoter&#34; refers to a region of DNA upstream from the structural gene and involved in recognition and binding RNA polymerase and other proteins to initiate transcription. 
     The term &#34;operably linked&#34; refers to functional linkage between a promoter and a second sequence, wherein the promoter sequence initiates transcription of RNA corresponding to the second sequence. Generally, operably linked means that the nucleic acid sequences being linked are contiguous and, where necessary to join two protein coding regions, contiguous and in reading frame. 
     Techniques for nucleic acid manipulation, such as subcloning nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides into expression vectors, labelling probes, DNA hybridization, and so on are described generally, for example in Sambrook et al. (1989) op. cit., or Ausubel et all, ed. (1987) op. cit., both of which are incorporated herein by reference. 
     &#34;Expression vectors&#34;, &#34;cloning vectors&#34;, or &#34;vectors&#34; are often plasmids or other nucleic acid molecules that are able to replicate in a chosen host cell. Expression vectors may replicate autonomously, or they may replicate by being inserted into the genome of the host cell, by methods well known in the art. Vectors that replicate autonomously will have an origin of replication or autonomous replicating sequence (ARS) that is functional in the chosen host cell(s). Often, it is desirable for a vector to be usable in more than one host cell, e.g., in E. coli for cloning and construction, and in a mammalian cell for expression. 
     Proteins 
     The terms &#34;peptide&#34;, &#34;polypeptide&#34; or &#34;protein&#34; are used interchangeably herein. The term &#34;substantial identity&#34;, when referring to polypeptides, indicates that the polypeptide or protein in question is at least about 70% identical to an entire naturally occurring protein (native) or a portion thereof, and preferably at least about 95% identical. 
     As used herein, the terms &#34;isolated&#34; and &#34;substantially pure&#34; are used interchangeably and describe a protein that has been separated from components which naturally accompany it. Typically, a monomeric protein is substantially pure when at least about 60 to 75% of a sample exhibits a single polypeptide backbone. Minor variants or chemical modifications typically share the same polypeptide sequence. A substantially purified protein will typically comprise over about 85 to 90% of a protein sample, more usually about 95%, and preferably will be over about 99% pure. Protein purity or homogeneity may be indicated by a number of means well known in the art, such as polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of a protein sample, followed by visualizing a single polypeptide band on a polyacrylamide gel upon staining. For certain purposes high resolution will be needed and HPLC or a similar means for purification utilized. 
     A polypeptide is substantially free of naturally-associated components when it is separated from the native contaminants which accompany it in its natural state. Thus, a polypeptide which is chemically synthesized or synthesized in a cellular system different from the cell from which it naturally originates will be substantially free from its naturally-associated components. 
     The proteins of this invention may be purified to substantial homogeneity by standard techniques well known in the art, including selective precipitation with such substances as ammonium sulfate, column chromatography, immunopurification methods, and others. See, for instance, R. Scopes, Protein Purification: Principles and Practice, Springer-Verlag: New York (1982), incorporated herein by reference. 
     Immunoglobulins 
     As used herein, &#34;immunoglobulin&#34; refers to molecules which have specific immunoreactive activity. Antibodies are typically tetramers of immunoglobulin molecules. As used herein, the term &#34;antibody&#34; refers to a protein consisting of one or more polypeptides substantially encoded by immunoglobulin genes. Immunoglobulin genes include those coding for the light chains, which may be of the kappa or lambda types, and those coding for the heavy chains, Heavy chain types are alpha, gamma, delta, epsilon and mu. The carboxy terminal portions of immunoglobulin heavy and light chains are constant regions, while the amino terminal portions are encoded by the myriad immunoglobulin variable region genes. The variable regions of an immunoglobulin are the portions that provide antigen recognition specificity. The immunoglobulins may exist in a variety of forms including, for example, Fv, Fab, and F(ab) 2 , as well as in single chains (e.g., Huston, et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 85:5879-5883 (1988) and Bird, et al., Science 242:423-426 (1988), which are incorporated herein by reference). (See generally, Hood, et al., &#34;Immunology&#34;, Benjamin, N.Y., 2nd ed. (1984), and Hunkapiller and Hood, Nature, 323:15-16 (1986), which are incorporated herein by reference). Single-chain antibodies, in which genes for a heavy chain and a light chain are combined into a single coding sequence, may also be used. 
     &#34;Monoclonal antibodies&#34; may be obtained by various techniques familiar to those skilled in the art. Briefly, spleen cells from an animal immunized with a desired antigen are immortalized, commonly by fusion with a myeloma cell (see, Kohler and Milstein, Eur. J. Immunol. 6:511-519 (1976), incorporated herein by reference). Alternative methods of immortalization include transformation with Epstein Bart Virus, oncogenes, or retroviruses, or other methods well known in the art. Colonies arising from single immortalized cells are screened for production of antibodies of the desired specificity and affinity for the antigen, and yield of the monoclonal antibodies produced by such cells may be enhanced by various techniques, including injection into the peritoneal cavity of a vertebrate host. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     An isolated nucleic acid sequence, termed HTS1, and the novel polypeptide which it encodes are described herein. 
     The nucleic acid compositions of this invention, whether RNA, cDNA, genomic DNA, or a hybrid of the various combinations, may be isolated from natural sources or may be synthesized in vitro. The preferred natural source is a HeLa cell line. The nucleic acids claimed may be present in transformed or transfected whole cells, in a transformed or transfected cell lysate, or in a partially purified or substantially pure form. 
     Nucleic acid probes are also included in the claimed invention. Such probes are useful for detecting the presence of HTS1 in physiological samples, and as primers for gene amplification. The nucleic acid probes will usually be at least about 20 nucleotides in length, more typically they will be more than 500 nucleotides in length. 
     A method of isolating HTS1 is also described herein. Briefly, the nucleic acid sequences can be isolated by probing a DNA library which is comprised of either genomic DNA or cDNA. Libraries may be either from commercial sources or prepared from mammalian tissue by techniques known to those skilled in the art. The preferred cDNA libraries are human cDNA libraries which are available from commercial sources. 
     The DNA libraries can be probed by plaque hybridization using nucleic acid probes of at least 20 base pairs which are complementary to unique sequences of the HTS1 gene. The preferred probes are: bases 3570 to 4205 of Seq. I.D. No.1, bases 305 to 2698 of Seq. I.D. No. 3, and Seq. I.D. No. 4. Additionally, the probes are labeled to facilitate isolation of the hybridized clones. Labeling can be by any of the techniques known to those skilled in the art, but typically the probes are labeled with  32  P using terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase. Alternatively and preferably the DNA encoding the polypeptide can be obtained using PCR. 
     Through the use of recombinant DNA techniques one may express the HTS1 gene in yeast, filamentous fungal, insect (especially employing baculoviral vectors), mammalian cells, and preferably in bacterial systems. For this purpose, the natural or synthetic nucleic acids included in the invention will typically be operably linked to a promoter (which is either constitutive or inducible), and may be incorporated into an expression vector. 
     The isolated nucleic acid sequences can then be inserted into a cloning vector suitable for replication and integration in either prokaryotes or eukaryotes. The cloning vectors contain transcription and translation terminators, initiation sequences, and promoters useful for regulation of the expression of the HTS1 gene. The vectors are comprised of expression cassettes containing at least one independent terminator sequence, sequences permitting replication of the plasmid in both eukaryotes and prokaryotes, i.e., shuttle vectors, and selection markers for both prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. In a preferred embodiment of this invention, plasmid pGEX (Pharmacia, PL Biochemicals, Milwaukee, Wis.) is used as a vector for the subcloning and amplification of desired gene sequences. This bacterial expression plasmid expressed HTS1 as a fusion protein (glutathione) from a tac promoter. 
     Methods for the expression of cloned genes in bacteria are well known. To obtain high level expression of a cloned gene in a prokaryotic system, it is essential to construct expression vectors which contain, at a minimum, a strong promoter to direct mRNA transcription termination. The inclusion of selection markers in DNA vectors transformed in E. coli is also useful. Examples of such markers include genes specifying resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, or chloramphenicol. See Sambrook for details concerning selection markers and promoters for use in E. coli. 
     It is expected that those of skill in the art are knowledgeable in the expression systems chosen for expression of the HTS1 gene and no attempt to describe in detail the various methods known for the expression of proteins in eukaryotes will be made. 
     Suitable eukaryote hosts may include plant cells, insect cells, mammalian cells, yeast, filamentous fungi, or preferably, bacteria (e.g., E. coli or B. subtilis). 
     The protein encoded by the HTS1 gene which is produced by recombinant DNA technology may be purified by standard techniques well known to those of skill in the art. Alternatively and preferably, fusion proteins produced by the above method may be purified by a combination of sonication and affinity chromatography. Subsequent digestion of the fusion protein with an appropriate proteolytic enzyme releases the desired polypeptide. 
     Alternatively, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is useful for isolating the HTS1 gene from physiological samples. The sequence of PCR primers, as for probes, may be based on any region of the HTS1 gene, for purposes discussed above, or may be based upon any other claimed nucleic acid. Exact complementarity to the nucleic acids being tested for is not required, but rather substantial complementarity is sufficient. 
     Using the sequences provided herein, those of skill may use polymerase chain reaction technology (PCR) to amplify nucleic acid sequences of the HTS1 gene directly from mRNA, from cDNA, from genomic libraries or cDNA libraries. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or other in vitro amplification methods may also be useful, for example, to clone nucleic acid sequences that code for proteins to be expressed, to make nucleic acids to use as probes for detecting the presence of HTS1 in physiological samples, for nucleic acid sequencing, or for other purposes. Appropriate primers and probes for identifying HTS1 from alternative mammalian tissues are generated from comparisons of the sequences provided herein. For a general overview of PCR see PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. (Innis, M, Gelfand, D., Sninsky, J. and White, T., eds.), Academic Press, San Diego (1990), incorporated herein by reference. 
     In summary, the HTS1 gene can prepared by probing or amplifying select regions of a mixed cDNA or genomic pool using the probes and primers generated from the sequences provided herein. 
     The HTS1 gene appears in the human population in various forms. By following the methods disclosed herein, one can evaluate the polymorphisms. One can then determine the significance of a particular deletion for a patient. Characterization of the alleles is done by comparison with non-cancerous cells preferably from DNA extracted from peripheral blood cells. More specifically in individuals that are heterozygous for the allele, the loss of one allele is revealed by methods described herein. Importantly where two alleles are present in the normal cells, determining the loss of one allele is expected to provide information regarding the prognosis of the cancer or its sensitivity to various therapeutic alternatives. 
     The present invention also provides methods for detecting the presence or absence of HTS1 in a physiological specimen. 
     One method involves a Southern transfer and is well known to those of skill in the art. Briefly, the digested genomic DNA is run on agarose slab gels in buffer and transferred to membranes. Hybridization is carried out using the probes discussed above. Visualization of the hybridized portions allows the qualitative determination of the presence or absence of HTS1. 
     Similarly, a Northern transfer may be used for the detection of HTS1 in samples of RNA. This procedure is also well known in the art. See, Maniatis, et al., Molecular Cloning: A laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y. (1982). In brief, the mRNA is isolated from a given cell sample using an acid guanidinium-phenol-chloroform extraction method. The mRNA is then electrophoresed to separate the mRNA species and the mRNA is transferred from the gel to a nitrocellulose membrane. As with the Southern blots, labeled probes are used to identify the presence or absence of the HTS1 transcript. 
     An alternative means for determining the level of expression of the HTS1 gene is in situ hybridization. In an in situ hybridization cells are fixed to a solid support, typically a glass slide. If DNA is to be probed the cells are denatured with heat or alkali. The cells are then contacted with a hybridization solution at a moderate temperature to permit annealing of HTS1 specific probes that are labelled. The probes are preferrably labelled with radioisotopes or fluorescent reporters. In situ hybridization assays are well known and are generally described in Angerer, et al., Methods Enzymol., 152:649-660 (1987). 
     In addition to the detection of HTS1 using nucleic acid hybridization technology, one can use immunoassays to detect the HTS1 gene product. Immunoassays can be used to qualititatively and quantitatively analyze the HTS1 gene product. A general overview of the applicable technology can be found in Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Pubs., N.Y. (1988). In brief the HTS1 gene product or a fragment thereof is expressed in transfected cells, preferably bacterial cells, and purified as generally described above and in the examples. The product is then injected into a mammal capable of producing antibodies. Either monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies specific for the gene product can be used in various immunoassays. Such assays include ELISA, competitive immunoassays, radioimmunoassays, western blots, indirect immunofluorescent assays and the like. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Isolation and Characterization of HTS1--A Tumor Suppressor Gene 
     1. Transfection of cDNA expression library and isolation of revertant cloneF2. 
     The HTS1 gene was identified from a cDNA library by complementation of the tumorigenic cell line ESH 5L to restore a non-tumorigenic phenotype. A human fibroblast cDNA expression library estimated to contain 5×10 6  distinct cDNA species was obtained from Dr. Hiroto Okayama (Osaka University). This library was prepared in the pcD2 vector system. See, Chen, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2745-2752 (1987). The library consisted of plasmids containing the neomycin resistance gene and a cDNA driven by separate copies of the SV40 early promoter. The tumorigenic segregant cell line ESH 5L was transfected with the cDNA expression library by a modified calcium phosphate precipitation method using a 5% CO 2  atmosphere. See, Chen, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2745-2752 (1987). Transfected cells were trypsinized one day after removal of the precipitate, counted, and divided equally among nine 10 cm.diameter tissue culture plates. Selection in medium containing G418 (800 μg/mL) was begun 24 hrs. after plating. After three weeks of selection,each plate contained approximately 20-30 colonies of greater than 2 mm. in diameter plus numerous microscopic colonies. Colonies were screened for analtered morphology and candidate revertants were cloned. Twenty colonies which appeared &#34;flat&#34; microscopically were initially cloned, but none of these clones retained the altered morphology during continued passage in culture. The remaining cells were subjected to a modified adhesion selection procedure. See, Noda et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 86:162-166 (1989). After 24 days of selection in G418, cells were trypsinized, pelleted, resuspended in 10 mL of medium, and allowed to adhere to bacterial petri dishes (Falcon #1029) for one hour at 37°  C. Medium and non-adherent cells were aspirated and the plates were washed gently with an additional 5 mL of medium. The cells which had adhered to the plates were removed by vigorous pipetting, reseeded into 10cm tissue culture plates and allowed to grow into colonies. Candidate revertants were again identified morphologically. One clone maintained theflat morphology stably for several passages and was designated &#34;F2.&#34; 
     2. Isolation of the integrated cDNA 
     For isolation of the integrated cDNA in the F2 cell line, two sequential PCR reactions using nested sets of primers derived from vector sequences were carried out. The PCR reactions were carried out in volumes of 0.100 mL, and contained 2.5 units AmpliTaq polymerase (Perkin-Elmer Cetus), salts and buffer as recommended by the manufacturer, and primers at a concentration of 0.2 μM. The first reaction contained F2 DNA (0.1 μg) and the following oligonuclotide primers: AAAAGCTCCTCGAGGAACTG (Seq. I.D. No. 7) and CGCATATGGTGCACTCTCAG (Seq. I.D. No. 8). The productsof this reaction were purified away from excess primer on a Separose CL-4B spin column. The eluate from this column was ethanol precipitated and added to a second PCR reaction mixture containing the following primers: TCACTGCATTCTAGTTGTGG (Seq. I.D. No. 9) and CCGGATCCGGTGGTGGTGCAAATC (Seq. I.D. No. 10). The thermocycling parameters for both rounds of PCR were: one cycle of 94° C. for 90 sec/65° C. for 2 min/70° C. for 5 min; 30 cycles of 94° C. for 1 min/65° C. for 2 min/70° C. for 5 min; one cycle of 94° C. for 1 min/65° C. for 2 min/70° C. for 10 min. The products of the second PCR reaction were purified on an agarose gel, digested with BamH1, and subcloned into a vector consisting of the 3.0 kb BamH1 fragment of an Okayama-Berg cDNA. See, Okayama, et al., Mol. Cell. Biol., 2:280-289 (1983) and Okayama, et al., Methods Enzymol., 45:3-28 (1987). 
     3. DNA sequence analysis. 
     DNA sequences were determined with the Sequenase kit (U.S. Biochemical). The DNA sequence for HTS1 is given in Sequence I.D. No. 1. DNA and deducedamino acid sequences were searched against GenBank, EMBL, GenPept, PIR, andSwiss-Prot databases by using the BLAST network service at the NCBI. See, Altschul, et al., J. Mol. Biol., 215:403-410 (1990). 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Detection of the HTS1 Gene in a Physiological Specimen 
     1. DNA and RNA analysis. 
     Preparation of genomic DNA and poly-A selection of RNA followed standard methods. See, Maniatis, et al. Molecular Cloning: A laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y., (1982). Whole cell RNA was prepared by the acid guanidinium-phenol-chloroform extractionmethod. See, Chomczynski, et al., Anal. Biochem., 162:156-159 (1987). For Southern blots, digested genomic DNA was run on 1% agarose slab gels in Tris-acetate buffer and transferred to GeneScreen membranes (NEN) in 10× SSC. For Northern blots, RNA was separated on 1% agarose gels containing 6% formaldehyde in MOPS/acetate buffer. The gel was soaked for 30 min in 0.5M NaOH, then for 30 min in 0.5M Tris pH 7.4. RNA was transferred to GeneScreen membranes in 20×SSC. Membranes were crosslinked with a Stratalinker (Stratagene), prehybridized and hybridizedin a solution containing 7%SDS/1%BSA/0.5M Sodium Phosphate, pH 7.2/1mM EDTA. See Church, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 81:1991-1995 (1984). Washing produced a final stringency of 0.1×SSC/0.1%SDS at 65°C. The size of RNA species was estimated by comparison to a ladder of RNA markers (BRL, 0.24-9.5 kb). 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     Antibodies for the Detection of HTS1 
     Antiserum was raised against HTS1 proteins as follows: The portion of the HTS1 open reading frame extending from nucleotide 1722 to 2593 was subcloned into a pATH 22 vector. This bacterial expression plasmid using the trp/lac promoter expressed a trpE-HTS1 fusion protein of the predictedsize in bacteria. The fusion protein was purified by SDS/PAGE electrophoresis, recovered by electroelution, and used as an antigen to immunize rabbits, following standard protocols. Immune serum was shown to contain HTS1 immunoreactivity in the following assays: (A) In an ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) sera reacted with the purified antigenat titers of 1:10 3  -1:105 whereas preimmune serum was negative. (B) onWestern blots, immune serum reacted specifically with purified antigen; preimmune serum did not. (C) In immunoprecipitations, the antisera was able to precipitate the purified antigen. The antisera therefore have utility in the detection and quantitation of HTS1 expression in human cells, derived either from tissue culture or from clinical specimens. 
     These antibodies have been applied to the detection of HTS1 proteins in several human cell lines and to the analysis of the cellular distribution and subcellar localization of the HTS1 proteins. On Western blots, normal (non-malignant) human epithelial cell primary cultures were found to contain immunoreactive proteins of apparent molecular masses of 68 and 175kilodaltons. Analysis of malignant cells revealed several forms of the protein not detected in the primary cultures. Depending on the cell line, proteins of 134, 62 or 38 kilodaltons were detected in addition to the species noted in the benign cells. 
     The antibodies have been applied to the immunohistochemical detection of HTS1 proteins in frozen sections of human, mouse, and bovine tissues, following standard protocols. Preliminary experiments have demonstrated the utility of the current reagents in detection of the gene products in tissue. Initial results suggest tissue specific differential expression ofHTS1 proteins. Levels of the protein also appear to be greater in more differentiated cell types relative to their less differentiated precursors(e.g.: higher levels in the superficial layers of skin than in the basal layer). 
     
         __________________________________________________________________________SEQUENCE LISTING(1) GENERAL INFORMATION:(iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 10(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:1:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 4406 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA(ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: CDS(B) LOCATION: 244..3655(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:1:CTGCAGGAGCGGCTCCTCCTCCGGGCCGCGCGGCTCCCGGCGAGACCCCATCCAGGCGCC60GCGCCCGGCCCGGCTGGGGAACGCAGAGATTTCACACCCTTTGGAGAGTTTCTTTCTTGG120ATAATTCAGGAAGATGAGAGACTGCTTAGGCGCCACCACTAGTACCATGAGTCCCTGCAC180TGGTTAAAGCCATCGCCACAACCTGGACAGGCAGCAAGGGCTCTGGGTTTGCAGAGAGCC240GAAATGACCATGACTGCCAACAAGAATTCCAGC ATCACCCACGGAGCT288MetThrMetThrAlaAsnLysAsnSerSerIleThrHisGlyAla151015GGTGGCACTAAAGCCCCTCGGGGGACT CTGAGCAGGTCTCAGTCAGTC336GlyGlyThrLysAlaProArgGlyThrLeuSerArgSerGlnSerVal202530TCTCCACCTCCAGTCCTCTCCCCA CCAAGGAGTCCCATCTACCCGCTC384SerProProProValLeuSerProProArgSerProIleTyrProLeu354045AGTGATAGTGAAACCTCAGCCTGC AGGTACCCCAGCCACTCCAGCTCC432SerAspSerGluThrSerAlaCysArgTyrProSerHisSerSerSer505560CGGGTGCTCCTCAAGGACCGGCACCCC CCAGCTCCTTCACCCCAGAAT480ArgValLeuLeuLysAspArgHisProProAlaProSerProGlnAsn657075CCTCAAGATCCCTCCCCAGATACTTCCCCACCC ACCTGTCCCTTCAAG528ProGlnAspProSerProAspThrSerProProThrCysProPheLys80859095ACCGCCAGCTTCGGTTATTTGGACAGA AGCCCTTCGGCGTGCAAGAGA576ThrAlaSerPheGlyTyrLeuAspArgSerProSerAlaCysLysArg100105110GACACCCAAAAGGAAAGTGTCCAA GGCGCAGCCCAGGATGTAGCAGGG624AspThrGlnLysGluSerValGlnGlyAlaAlaGlnAspValAlaGly115120125GTCGCTGCCTGCCTCCCCCTTGCC CAGAGCACGCCATTCCCGGGGCCA672ValAlaAlaCysLeuProLeuAlaGlnSerThrProPheProGlyPro130135140GCAGCTGGCCCCCGGGGCGTCTTGCTG ACCCGTACCGGTACCCGCAGC720AlaAlaGlyProArgGlyValLeuLeuThrArgThrGlyThrArgSer145150155CCACAGCCTGGGCATCCGGGAGAAGATATAGCA TGGGAAGGTCGCCGA768ProGlnProGlyHisProGlyGluAspIleAlaTrpGluGlyArgArg160165170175GAGGCGTCGCCCAGGATGAGCATGTGT GGAGAGAAGCGGGAGGGCTCT816GluAlaSerProArgMetSerMetCysGlyGluLysArgGluGlySer180185190GGGAGCGAGTGGGCGGCCAGTGAG GGCTGCCCCAGCCTGGGCTGTCCC864GlySerGluTrpAlaAlaSerGluGlyCysProSerLeuGlyCysPro195200205AGCGTGGTGCCGTCCCCCTGCAGC TCTGAAAAGACCTTTGATTTCAAG912SerValValProSerProCysSerSerGluLysThrPheAspPheLys210215220GGCCTCCGGAGGATGAGCAGGACCTTC TCCGAGTGTTCCTACCCAGAG960GlyLeuArgArgMetSerArgThrPheSerGluCysSerTyrProGlu225230235ACTGAGGAGGAGGGAGAGGCGCTCCCTGTCCGG GACTCTTTCTACCGG1008ThrGluGluGluGlyGluAlaLeuProValArgAspSerPheTyrArg240245250255CTGGAGAAACGGCTGGGCCGGAGTGAG CCCAGCGCCTTCCTCAGGGGG1056LeuGluLysArgLeuGlyArgSerGluProSerAlaPheLeuArgGly260265270CATGGCAGCAGGAAGGAGAGCTCA GCAGTGCTGAGCCGGATCCAGAAA1104HisGlySerArgLysGluSerSerAlaValLeuSerArgIleGlnLys275280285ATTGAACAGGTCCTGAAGGAGCAG CCGGGCCGGGGGCTCCCCCAGCTC1152IleGluGlnValLeuLysGluGlnProGlyArgGlyLeuProGlnLeu290295300CCCAGCAGCTGCTACAGCGTCGACCGG GGGAAAAGGAAGACTGGAACC1200ProSerSerCysTyrSerValAspArgGlyLysArgLysThrGlyThr305310315TTGGGCTCCTTGGAGGAGCCGGCAGGGGGCGCG AGTGTGAGCGCTGGC1248LeuGlySerLeuGluGluProAlaGlyGlyAlaSerValSerAlaGly320325330335AGCCGGGCAGTCGGAGTGGCTGGTGTT GCGGGGGAGGCGGGCCCACCC1296SerArgAlaValGlyValAlaGlyValAlaGlyGluAlaGlyProPro340345350CCAGAGAGGGAAGGCAGTGGTTCC ACTAAGCCCGGGACCCCTGGAAAT1344ProGluArgGluGlySerGlySerThrLysProGlyThrProGlyAsn355360365AGCCCTAGCTCCCAGCGGCTGCCA TCGAAGAGTTCCCTCGATCCCGCT1392SerProSerSerGlnArgLeuProSerLysSerSerLeuAspProAla370375380GTGAACCCTGTCCCCAAACCCAAGCGC ACCTTTGAATACGAGGCTGAG1440ValAsnProValProLysProLysArgThrPheGluTyrGluAlaGlu385390395AAGAACCCCAAGAGTAAGCCCAGTAATGGTCTA CCTCCTTCACCCACA1488LysAsnProLysSerLysProSerAsnGlyLeuProProSerProThr400405410415CCTGCTGCTCCACCTCCCTTGCCCTCC ACCCCAGCCCCGCCAGTCACC1536ProAlaAlaProProProLeuProSerThrProAlaProProValThr420425430CGGAGACCCAAGAAGGACATGCGT GGTCACCGCAAGTCCCAGAGCAGA1584ArgArgProLysLysAspMetArgGlyHisArgLysSerGlnSerArg435440445AAATCCTTTGAGTTTGAGGATGCA TCCAGTCTCCAGTCCCTGTACCCC1632LysSerPheGluPheGluAspAlaSerSerLeuGlnSerLeuTyrPro450455460TCTTCTCCCACTGAGAATGGTACTGAG AACCAACCCAAGTTTGGATCC1680SerSerProThrGluAsnGlyThrGluAsnGlnProLysPheGlySer465470475AAAAGCACTTTAGAAGAAAATGCCTATGAAGAT ATTGTGGGAGATCTG1728LysSerThrLeuGluGluAsnAlaTyrGluAspIleValGlyAspLeu480485490495CCCAAGGAGAATCCATATGAGGATGTG GACTTAAAGAGCCGAAGAGCA1776ProLysGluAsnProTyrGluAspValAspLeuLysSerArgArgAla500505510GGACGAAAATCCCAGCAACTGTCT GAGAACTCCTTGGACTCTTTGCAC1824GlyArgLysSerGlnGlnLeuSerGluAsnSerLeuAspSerLeuHis515520525AGGATGTGGAGTCCTCAGGACAGG AAGTACAACAGCCCGCCCACACAG1872ArgMetTrpSerProGlnAspArgLysTyrAsnSerProProThrGln530535540CTTTCCCTGAAACCCAACAGCCAGTCC CTGCGCAGTGGGAACTGGTCA1920LeuSerLeuLysProAsnSerGlnSerLeuArgSerGlyAsnTrpSer545550555GAAAGGAAGAGCCACCGGCTGCCACGATTACCC AAGAGGCACAGCCAT1968GluArgLysSerHisArgLeuProArgLeuProLysArgHisSerHis560565570575GACGACATGCTGCTGCTGGCTCAGCTG AGTCTGCCGTCCTCACCCTCC2016AspAspMetLeuLeuLeuAlaGlnLeuSerLeuProSerSerProSer580585590AGCCTCAATGAAGACAGCCTCAGC ACCACCAGCGAGCTGCTGTCCAGC2064SerLeuAsnGluAspSerLeuSerThrThrSerGluLeuLeuSerSer595600605CGCCGGGCCCGCCGCATTCCCAAG CTTGTCCAAAGAATTAACTCCATC2112ArgArgAlaArgArgIleProLysLeuValGlnArgIleAsnSerIle610615620TACAATGCCAAGAGAGGAAAGAAGAGA TTAAAAAAGTTGTCTATGTCC2160TyrAsnAlaLysArgGlyLysLysArgLeuLysLysLeuSerMetSer625630635AGCATTGAAACAGCATCACTGAGAGATGAAAAC AGTGAGAGCGAGAGC2208SerIleGluThrAlaSerLeuArgAspGluAsnSerGluSerGluSer640645650655GACTCTGATGACAGGTTCAAAGCCCAC ACACAGCGCCTGGTCCACATC2256AspSerAspAspArgPheLysAlaHisThrGlnArgLeuValHisIle660665670CAGTCGATGCTGAAGCGCGCCCCC AGCTATCGCACGCTGGAGCTGGAG2304GlnSerMetLeuLysArgAlaProSerTyrArgThrLeuGluLeuGlu675680685CTGCTGGAGTGGCAGGAGCGGGAG CTTTTTGAGTACTTTGTGGTGGTG2352LeuLeuGluTrpGlnGluArgGluLeuPheGluTyrPheValValVal690695700TCCCTCAAGAAGAAGCCATCGCGAAAC ACCTACCTCCCCGAAGTCTCC2400SerLeuLysLysLysProSerArgAsnThrTyrLeuProGluValSer705710715TACCAGTTTCCCAAGCTGGACCGACCCACCAAG CAGATGCGAGAGGCA2448TyrGlnPheProLysLeuAspArgProThrLysGlnMetArgGluAla720725730735GAGGAAAGGCTCAAAGCCATTCCCCAG TTTTGCTTCCCTGATGCCAAG2496GluGluArgLeuLysAlaIleProGlnPheCysPheProAspAlaLys740745750GACTGGCTTCCTGTGTCAGAGTAT AGCAGTGAGACCTTTTCTTTCATG2544AspTrpLeuProValSerGluTyrSerSerGluThrPheSerPheMet755760765CTGACTGGGGAAGATGGCAGCAGA CGCTTTGGCTACTGCAGGCGCTTA2592LeuThrGlyGluAspGlySerArgArgPheGlyTyrCysArgArgLeu770775780CTGCCAAGTGGGAAAGGGCCCCGGTTG CCAGAGGTGTACTGTGTCATC2640LeuProSerGlyLysGlyProArgLeuProGluValTyrCysValIle785790795AGCCGCCTTGGCTGCTTCGGCTTGTTTTCCAAG GTCCTAGATGAGGTG2688SerArgLeuGlyCysPheGlyLeuPheSerLysValLeuAspGluVal800805810815GAGCGCCGGCGTGGGATCTCCGCTGCA TTGGTCTATCCTTTCATGAGA2736GluArgArgArgGlyIleSerAlaAlaLeuValTyrProPheMetArg820825830AGTCTCATGGAGTCGCCCTTCCCA GCCCCAGGGAAGACCATCAAAGTG2784SerLeuMetGluSerProPheProAlaProGlyLysThrIleLysVal835840845AAGACATTCCTGCCAGGTGCTGGC AATGAGGTGTTAGAGCTGCGGCGG2832LysThrPheLeuProGlyAlaGlyAsnGluValLeuGluLeuArgArg850855860CCCATGGACTCAAGGCTGGAGCACGTG GACTTTGAGTGCCTTTTTACC2880ProMetAspSerArgLeuGluHisValAspPheGluCysLeuPheThr865870875TGCCTCAGTGTGCGCCAGCTCATCCGAATCTTT GCCTCACTGCTGCTG2928CysLeuSerValArgGlnLeuIleArgIlePheAlaSerLeuLeuLeu880885890895GAGCGCCGGGTCATTTTTGTGGCAGAT AAGCTCAGTACCCTCTCCAGC2976GluArgArgValIlePheValAlaAspLysLeuSerThrLeuSerSer900905910TGCTCCCACGCGGTGGTGGCCTTG CTCTACCCCTTCTCCTGGCAGCAC3024CysSerHisAlaValValAlaLeuLeuTyrProPheSerTrpGlnHis915920925ACCTTCATTCCTGTCCTCCCGGCC TCCATGATTGACATCGTCTGCTGT3072ThrPheIleProValLeuProAlaSerMetIleAspIleValCysCys930935940CCCACCCCCTTCCTGGTTGGCCTGCTC TCCAGCTCCCTCCCCAAACTG3120ProThrProPheLeuValGlyLeuLeuSerSerSerLeuProLysLeu945950955AAGGAGCTGCCTGTGGAGGAGGCGCTGATGGTG AATCTGGGATCTGAC3168LysGluLeuProValGluGluAlaLeuMetValAsnLeuGlySerAsp960965970975CGATTCATCCGACAGATGGACGACGAA GACACGTTGTTACCTAGGAAG3216ArgPheIleArgGlnMetAspAspGluAspThrLeuLeuProArgLys980985990TTACAGGCAGCTCTGGAGCAGGCT CTGGAGAGGAAGAATGAGCTGATC3264LeuGlnAlaAlaLeuGluGlnAlaLeuGluArgLysAsnGluLeuIle99510001005TCCCAGGACTCTGACAGCGACTCC GACGATGAATGTAATACCCTCAAT3312SerGlnAspSerAspSerAspSerAspAspGluCysAsnThrLeuAsn101010151020GGGCTGGTGTCGGAGGTGTTTATCCG GTTCTTTGTGGAGACCGTTGGG3360GlyLeuValSerGluValPheIleArgPhePheValGluThrValGly102510301035CACTACTCCCTCTTTCTGACACAGAGTGAGA AGGGAGAGAGGGCCTTT3408HisTyrSerLeuPheLeuThrGlnSerGluLysGlyGluArgAlaPhe1040104510501055CAGCGAGAGGCCTTCCGCAAATCT GTGGCCTCCAAAAGCATCCGCCGC3456GlnArgGluAlaPheArgLysSerValAlaSerLysSerIleArgArg106010651070TTTCTTGAGGTTTTTATGGAG TCTCAGATGTTTGCTGGCTTCATCCAA3504PheLeuGluValPheMetGluSerGlnMetPheAlaGlyPheIleGln107510801085GACAGGGAGCTAAGAAAGTG TCGGGCAAAGGGCCTTTTTGAGCAGCGA3552AspArgGluLeuArgLysCysArgAlaLysGlyLeuPheGluGlnArg109010951100GTGGAGCAGTACTTAGAAGAAC TCCCAGACACTGAGCAGAGTGGAATG3600ValGluGlnTyrLeuGluGluLeuProAspThrGluGlnSerGlyMet110511101115AATAAGTTTCTCCGAGGTTTGGGCAAC AAAATGAAGTTTCTCCACAAG3648AsnLysPheLeuArgGlyLeuGlyAsnLysMetLysPheLeuHisLys1120112511301135AAGAATTAAGCCTCCTTCTCAGT AGCAGAGTCCAGTGCCTTGCAGAGCCTGAAGCCT3705LysAsnGGGGAGAAGGCCCAGCCTGGGACCCTCTGGGCTGCTGTGGCTCCTCTGCCCCCACAGATC3765CTATCCTCCAAGCCAGCCCACCTCTGCCTTCATCATATCCCAGGATACTGTTTGTAAATA 3825ATCTGCTGTAAGCTTTCTTAACTGTTTTTTGTAACAAGCAAAGAGAATATGGCAAATATT3885TGTATATTCCCAAGGGGCCGGGTGCTTTCCTGTCCTGCCAGAGCATGGATGAAGTTTCGC3945TGGGTGCTCGTGACTGGCCAGTTTTGTGCAGCTG ACTGTCTCAGCCAAACCACTGATCTT4005CCCTGGAGGCCTTCGGCCTGCCTGCCTGCCTGCCTGAGGTCCCCGCTGCCAGTCCCGGGC4065CCTGGAGAGCAGATGCTGTCTTGTTATGTACAGGAGGACCTTTTAAAAAAATCAAGTTTC4125TATTTTTTG CTGGTAGTCCGCATACCCATACCCTCTGTTTTTGAAAGGCAAAGGCCAATC4185AGTCCCCATTTGTAGCATGGCACCAGGGTCTTAGGCCTAGTCCTCTCATTCCTCCCACCC4245TCCGAGATGGTCAGTGTGTCATGGGAAGCCCACCCCCAGCTCTGCCAGTGCT CTCTGGGC4305CTGGCTCCCAGTCAGTGGTGGCCACGATGCGGTACAGGGCATCCCTCCTTCCCATCTACG4365GGTGTTGTCAATAAACAATGTACAGTTGTTTGGGCCCAGAG4406(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:2:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 1137 amino acids(B) TYPE: amino acid(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: protein(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:2:MetThrMetThrAlaAsnLysAsnSerSerIleThrHisGlyAlaGly1510 15GlyThrLysAlaProArgGlyThrLeuSerArgSerGlnSerValSer202530ProProProValLeuSerProProArgSerProIleTyrProLeu Ser354045AspSerGluThrSerAlaCysArgTyrProSerHisSerSerSerArg505560ValLeuLeuLysAspA rgHisProProAlaProSerProGlnAsnPro65707580GlnAspProSerProAspThrSerProProThrCysProPheLysThr85 9095AlaSerPheGlyTyrLeuAspArgSerProSerAlaCysLysArgAsp100105110ThrGlnLysGluSerValGlnGlyAl aAlaGlnAspValAlaGlyVal115120125AlaAlaCysLeuProLeuAlaGlnSerThrProPheProGlyProAla130135140AlaGlyProArgGlyValLeuLeuThrArgThrGlyThrArgSerPro145150155160GlnProGlyHisProGlyGluAspIleAlaTrpGluGlyArgArgGlu165170175AlaSerProArgMetSerMetCysGlyGluLysArgGluGlySerGly180185190SerGluT rpAlaAlaSerGluGlyCysProSerLeuGlyCysProSer195200205ValValProSerProCysSerSerGluLysThrPheAspPheLysGly210 215220LeuArgArgMetSerArgThrPheSerGluCysSerTyrProGluThr225230235240GluGluGluGlyGluAlaLeuProValAr gAspSerPheTyrArgLeu245250255GluLysArgLeuGlyArgSerGluProSerAlaPheLeuArgGlyHis260265 270GlySerArgLysGluSerSerAlaValLeuSerArgIleGlnLysIle275280285GluGlnValLeuLysGluGlnProGlyArgGlyLeuProGlnLeuPro290295300SerSerCysTyrSerValAspArgGlyLysArgLysThrGlyThrLeu305310315320GlySerLeuG luGluProAlaGlyGlyAlaSerValSerAlaGlySer325330335ArgAlaValGlyValAlaGlyValAlaGlyGluAlaGlyProProPro340 345350GluArgGluGlySerGlySerThrLysProGlyThrProGlyAsnSer355360365ProSerSerGlnArgLeuProSerLysSe rSerLeuAspProAlaVal370375380AsnProValProLysProLysArgThrPheGluTyrGluAlaGluLys385390395 400AsnProLysSerLysProSerAsnGlyLeuProProSerProThrPro405410415AlaAlaProProProLeuProSerThrProAlaProProValThr Arg420425430ArgProLysLysAspMetArgGlyHisArgLysSerGlnSerArgLys435440445SerPheGluP heGluAspAlaSerSerLeuGlnSerLeuTyrProSer450455460SerProThrGluAsnGlyThrGluAsnGlnProLysPheGlySerLys465470 475480SerThrLeuGluGluAsnAlaTyrGluAspIleValGlyAspLeuPro485490495LysGluAsnProTyrGluAspValAs pLeuLysSerArgArgAlaGly500505510ArgLysSerGlnGlnLeuSerGluAsnSerLeuAspSerLeuHisArg515520 525MetTrpSerProGlnAspArgLysTyrAsnSerProProThrGlnLeu530535540SerLeuLysProAsnSerGlnSerLeuArgSerGlyAsnTrpSerGlu545 550555560ArgLysSerHisArgLeuProArgLeuProLysArgHisSerHisAsp565570575AspMetL euLeuLeuAlaGlnLeuSerLeuProSerSerProSerSer580585590LeuAsnGluAspSerLeuSerThrThrSerGluLeuLeuSerSerArg595 600605ArgAlaArgArgIleProLysLeuValGlnArgIleAsnSerIleTyr610615620AsnAlaLysArgGlyLysLysArgLeuLysLysLe uSerMetSerSer625630635640IleGluThrAlaSerLeuArgAspGluAsnSerGluSerGluSerAsp645650 655SerAspAspArgPheLysAlaHisThrGlnArgLeuValHisIleGln660665670SerMetLeuLysArgAlaProSerTyrArgThrLeuGluLeuGlu Leu675680685LeuGluTrpGlnGluArgGluLeuPheGluTyrPheValValValSer690695700LeuLysLysLysProS erArgAsnThrTyrLeuProGluValSerTyr705710715720GlnPheProLysLeuAspArgProThrLysGlnMetArgGluAlaGlu725 730735GluArgLeuLysAlaIleProGlnPheCysPheProAspAlaLysAsp740745750TrpLeuProValSerGluTyrSerSe rGluThrPheSerPheMetLeu755760765ThrGlyGluAspGlySerArgArgPheGlyTyrCysArgArgLeuLeu770775780ProSerGlyLysGlyProArgLeuProGluValTyrCysValIleSer785790795800ArgLeuGlyCysPheGlyLeuPheSerLysValLeuAspGluValGlu805810815ArgArgArgGlyIleSerAlaAlaLeuValTyrProPheMetArgSer820825830LeuMetG luSerProPheProAlaProGlyLysThrIleLysValLys835840845ThrPheLeuProGlyAlaGlyAsnGluValLeuGluLeuArgArgPro850 855860MetAspSerArgLeuGluHisValAspPheGluCysLeuPheThrCys865870875880LeuSerValArgGlnLeuIleArgIlePh eAlaSerLeuLeuLeuGlu885890895ArgArgValIlePheValAlaAspLysLeuSerThrLeuSerSerCys900905 910SerHisAlaValValAlaLeuLeuTyrProPheSerTrpGlnHisThr915920925PheIleProValLeuProAlaSerMetIleAspIleValCysCysPro930935940ThrProPheLeuValGlyLeuLeuSerSerSerLeuProLysLeuLys945950955960GluLeuProV alGluGluAlaLeuMetValAsnLeuGlySerAspArg965970975PheIleArgGlnMetAspAspGluAspThrLeuLeuProArgLysLeu980 985990GlnAlaAlaLeuGluGlnAlaLeuGluArgLysAsnGluLeuIleSer99510001005GlnAspSerAspSerAspSerAspAspG luCysAsnThrLeuAsnGly101010151020LeuValSerGluValPheIleArgPhePheValGluThrValGlyHis102510301035 1040TyrSerLeuPheLeuThrGlnSerGluLysGlyGluArgAlaPheGln104510501055ArgGluAlaPheArgLysSerValAlaSerLysSerIleArg ArgPhe106010651070LeuGluValPheMetGluSerGlnMetPheAlaGlyPheIleGlnAsp107510801085ArgGlu LeuArgLysCysArgAlaLysGlyLeuPheGluGlnArgVal109010951100GluGlnTyrLeuGluGluLeuProAspThrGluGlnSerGlyMetAsn1105111 011151120LysPheLeuArgGlyLeuGlyAsnLysMetLysPheLeuHisLysLys112511301135Asn(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:3: (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 3266 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic)(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:3:TATTTAGCTGGGCCTGTAGTCCCAGCTACTCAGGAGGCTGAGGCAGGAGAATTGCTTGAA60TCCAGGA GGTGGAGGTTGCAGTGAGCGGAGTTGTGCCACTGCACTCCAGCCTGGGAGTGA120CACTCTGTCTCAAAATAAATAAATAAATAAAAATTTAAAAATTTTTTTAAAAAAAGGAAA180CAAAAACTTTTCCTCTCTGCATAAAATAATTTCTTAGTAAGTCCTACAAC AACAGGATGG240GTTATTGGCAACATGTTACATATTGTTTTGGTCAAAGAATCCATCCCAAGCAGTGGTTTC300TCTAGAGTGGTCATTTGGACATTGATTAAGCCACCTTAAATGTCAGGTGCTCACAGGAGG360GCAGTGAAGGAAAATCCCCGTTCTG GTTTGTCCTCCAATAAGTCCTGAATCCCTGGGGTA420TTTCCTTCCGTATGTATGAGGAAGCAGTTGAGAGGAAACCGAGAAATGAACTCCCGATTG480CCTTCAGAGGGACAGGAACGCAGGCCCATCCTCAGCCCAGGAGAAGAAAGGAGGAAGAAA540 AACCAGAGCTGCTGACTTTTCCATAGAGCACCAGGGTTTAGAAAGGAAAACTGCCCCTCA600CTTGTTCCCATCACAGCCTCAATGCTTCTGTGTCTCACACTTCTAGGTGTTCTGTGGGCC660CATCAGGCCCTTGTGAAGAAATCTAGCCCAACAGCTGGAATGA GCTGGGTACAGCAGTTC720CAAGAGGCCCCTCCTGTGTACCAGCCATGGTCATTGTCAGCCAACAAAGCCCCTGACTGC780CCAGCTTTGGTGCCCTGGCCTGGCCTGACCTTAGTGGCCCCTAAGAGAGCCTGGACCATG840AGGTTTCTTTTCCTGAAG GTTCTACCCTCTAATTCAGGGCTGAGCTTCCTCTTTGCCACC900CTGCCCCTCCACAGGCCAGCTCCCGTGGGGCTGTGAATACAGCTATTGTTTCCTGTGGTT960GCAGCTGCCTCTGAGCACATTCCAGGACCATTCTGGGAGGGACGATCCCAAGGTCTTGTT 1020CTTGGCCTGGCCGGGTATTCAAGTTCTGCCAATCTGGGGTCTTGGAAAAGATGTCCTTCC1080TGTTCTGCCTGGGGTCTGCCTCTGGCTGGAGAGGGGAGGGGTAGGTCCAGCCAGCTCATG1140ATCCGTTGCTGATGTTTTAGGTTTTCCACAAGTTCT TTGTCCCTCTTGCCTAGTTCTGAT1200GTGGGGTGGGAGAGGGTACCCACGATCTGCATTCACTGGCCCTAGGGGTTTACAAAACCT1260ACTGCCTCCTCAGCCACGGGCCCACTGATGTGCCCCCCAAACCCGAGACAGCCCTTTTCA1320GATCTTTGTC AGATGACTGTCCTGCGGGTTGCTGCATACCTTCCTGGCTGTTTGCAGGTA1380CATTTCCCTAAGAGAGTAGCATTGTTGTCCTTGAGGCGCTACGCAGTGGGAAAGCGGGGA1440CTTTACCAGTCTGCAGGGTCCCTGAACCCCATTAGCATTTTTGTTGCACTGGGA GGTTTA1500CGATCAAAGGCTGTCCTGAGCCTCCAGCGAGCTCTAAGTTCCTGGGCCTGGGCTCAGGTA1560CTCTGTCTCTCTGTCTGCCCATCAGTACCCTCTCCAGCTGCTCCCACGCGGTGGTGGCCT1620TGCTCTACCCCTTCTCCTGGCAGCACACC TTCATTCCTGTCCTCCCGGCCTCCATGATTG1680ACATCGTCTGCTGTCCCACCCCCTTCCTGGTTGGCCTGCTCTCCAGCTCCCTCCCCAAAC1740TGAAGGAGCTGCCTGTGGAGGAGGTGGGCCACCGGGGGAACCAGCTGGGGGGAAGGGTGG1800AGG GGGAAGCAGGTGCTGGGATCTTACTTGTGGCCCCTCGGCCTCTTTACCAGGCTCTTA1860TCCTTTCTCCCTGGGAGGTCTATCCCCGGCTGGAGTACTTCCTGTTAGCTGACCCTGGGA1920ACCTGGGAGGTCTGGAGGCCTGGCAGAGGGCATTGCGGGACTCATGC CCTGAGCCACTCT1980GCTAATGACTCCTTTTCTCAGGCGCTGATGGTGAATCTGGGATCTGACCGATTCATCCGA2040CAGATGGACGACGAAGACACGTTGTTACCTAGGAAGTTACAGGCAGCTCTGGAGCAGGCT2100CTGGAGAGGAAGAATGAGCTG ATCTCCCAGGACTCTGACAGCGACTCCGACGATGAATGT2160AATACCCTCAATGGGCTGGTGTCGGAGGTGTTTATCCGGTTCTTTGTGGAGACCGTTGGG2220CACTACTCCCTCTTTCTGACACAGAGTGAGAAGGGAGAGAGGGCCTTTCAGCGAGAGGCC228 0TTCCGCAAATCTGTGGCCTCCAAAAGCATCCGCCGCTTTCTTGAGGTTTTTATGGAGTCT2340CAGATGTTTGCTGGCTTCATCCAAGACAGGGAGCTAAGAAAGTGTCGGGCAAAGGGCCTT2400TTTGAGCAGCGAGTGGAGCAGTACTTAGAAGAACTCCCAG ACACTGAGCAGAGTGGAATG2460AATAAGTTTCTCCGAGGTTTGGGCAACAAAATGAAGTTTCTCCACAAGAAGAATTAAGCC2520TCCTTCTCAGTAGCAGAGTCCAGTGCCTTGCAGAGCCTGAAGCCTGGGGAGAAGGCCCAG2580CCTGGGACCCTCTG GGCTGCTGTGGCTCCTCTGCCCCCACAGATCCTATCCTCCAAGCCA2640GCCCACCTCTGCCTTCATCATATCCCAGGATACTGTTTGTAAATAATCTGCTGTAAGCTT2700TCTTAACTGTTTTTTGTAACAAGCAAAGAGAATATGGCAAATATTTGTATATTCCCAA GG2760GGCCGGGTGCTTTCCTGTCCTGCCAGAGCATGGATGAAGTTTCGCTGGGTGCTCGTGACT2820GGCCAGTTTTGTGCAGCTGACTGTCTCAGCCAAACCACTGATCTTCCCTGGAGGCCTTCG2880GCCTGCCTGCCTGCCTGCCTGAGGTCCCCGCT GCCAGTCCCGGGCCCTGGAGAGCAGATG2940CTGTCTTGTTATGTACAGGAGGACCTTTTAAAAAAATCAAGTTTCTATTTTTTGCTGGTA3000GTCCGCATACCCATACCCTCTGTTTTTGAAAGGCAAAGGCCAATCAGTCCCCATTTGTGG3060CATGGCA CCAGGGTCTTAGGCCTAGTCCTCTCATTCCTCCCACCCTCCGAGATGGTCAGT3120GTGTCATGGGAAGCCCACCCCCAGCTCTGCCAGTGCTCTCTGGGCCTGGCTCCCAGTCAG3180TGGTGGCCACGATGCGGTACAGGGCATCCCTCCTTCCCATCTACGGGTGT TGTCAATAAA3240CAATGTACAGTTGTTTGGGCCCAGAG3266(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:4:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 168 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:4:CTGAACACTTCCTCCTTGCTAATCACTGTTCCGTTCCGAGGTTGCCTCAGTGAACAACAC60AAAACCCTGCCCTAAAAGACTTGTTGAACGGCATCGTAGGTGAGAAGGGGGCCTGGCGAA120GCCCTGCTCCCTACGG TTCTGTGAGTTCCTCCATGCCCACCCTCCAAA168(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:5:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:5:GACTGGC AGCGGGGACCTCA20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:6:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:6:AGCCAAACCACTGATCTTCC20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:7:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:7:AAAAGCTCCTCGAGGAACTG20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:8:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:8:CGCATATGGTGCACTCTCAG20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:9:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 20 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single(D) TOPOLOGY: linear (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:9:TCACTGCATTCTAGTTGTGG20(2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO:10:(i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS:(A) LENGTH: 24 base pairs(B) TYPE: nucleic acid(C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear(ii) MOLECULE TYPE: cDNA(xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO:10:CCGGATCCGGTGGTGGTGCAAATC24