Abstract:
Alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines, their production by reacting 2 -alkenyl!-1,3-oxazolines with alkylalkoxysilanes or cyano alkylene silane compounds with amino alcohols and the use of the compounds for modifying materials with siliceous surfaces.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines and methods of producing the same. More particularly, it relates to a siliceous materials having a surface that is modified with these oxazoline compounds and methods for producing the modified siliceous materials, as well as plastics containing the modified siliceous materials and a process for producing them. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the past, fillers have been added to plastics to improve the properties of plastics. According to U.S. Pat. No. 4,868,226, fillers for improving polyethylene resins included organic or inorganic fillers, for example, silica. The filler according to that invention could also be subject to surface treatment in order to keep a balance between rigidity and impact strength of the polyethylene. For example, organosilane compounds were used as surface treating agents for fillers which were then added to polypropylene resins. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     One object of the invention is to improve the properties of plastics, such as tensile strength. Material having siliceous surfaces can be modified with novel compounds according to the invention which then can be added to plastics such as polypropylene. 
     Thus, an object of the invention is to provide compounds and modified materials having siliceous surfaces modified by these compounds. A further object of the invention is to provide the method for making the compounds and for modifying materials having siliceous surfaces with the compounds. Another object is to provide plastic resins having improved properties, and which contain the modified siliceous materials and a method for producing the same. 
     Accordingly, the compounds and methods in accordance with the invention are compounds which are alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of alkyl with 1 to 6 C atoms, branched or unbranched, alkoxy with 1 to 4 C atoms, and phenyl wherein Si is bonded to at least one alkoxy group; and wherein x signifies a whole number from 2 to 14. 
     A method of producing the alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines as defined above comprises reacting 2-(alkenyl)-1,3-oxazoline of the general formula ##STR2## wherein x is a whole number of 2 to 14 with an alkylalkoxysilane of the general formula ##STR3## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of branched or unbranched alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl, wherein the 2-(alkenyl)-1,3-oxazoline and alkylalkoxy silane is reacted in the presence of a Pt or rhodium catalyst. 
     A method of producing the alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines as defined above can also be achieved by reacting an amino alcohol with a cyanosilane compound of the general formula ##STR4## wherein R is a member selected from the group consisting of branched or unbranched alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkoxy having 1-4 carbon atoms, or phenyl, and y is a whole number from 2 to 12. The 2-(alkenyl)-1,3-oxazoline and alkylalkoxy silane is reacted in the presence of a Pt or rhodium catalyst. The amino alcohol and the cyanosilane compound is reacted in the presence of a Cd salt acting as catalyst. 
     A modified siliceous material comprises alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines and a material having a siliceous surface. The alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines is bonded to the siliceous surface of the material to form a modified siliceous material. 
     A method for producing modified siliceous material comprises reacting the alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines with hydroxyl groups on the siliceous surface of a material to form a modified material with the general formula ##STR5## 
     Plastics according to the invention can be made by adding the modified siliceous material which comprises the alkylalkoxysilyl-1,3-oxazolines to the plastics. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1: The results of the Series I experiments as listed in Table 1 are graphed comparing the tensile stress of polypropylene, which contains oxazoline-functionalized glass spheres covalently bonded to carboxylated polypropylene according to the invention, with polypropylene that contains untreated glass spheres or glass spheres that do not contain the oxazoline compound according to the claimed invention. The volume of the adhesion promoter (carboxylated polypropylene) in the Series I experiments was held constant at 10% by volume. The volume of the glass sphere filler was varied, and the results were graphed at 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by volume. 
     FIG. 2: The results of the Series II experiments as listed in Table 2 are graphed comparing the tensile stress of polypropylene, which contains oxazoline-functionalized glass spheres covalently bonded to carboxylated polypropylene according to the invention, with polypropylene that contains untreated glass spheres. The volume of the adhesion promoter (carboxylated polypropylene) in the Series II experiments was varied, and the results were graphed at 0%, 1%, 2%, 5%, and 10% by volume. The volume of the glass spheres filler was held constant at 10% by volume. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The compounds in accordance with the invention have the general formula ##STR6## in which R signifies alkyl with 1 to 6 C atoms, branched or unbranched, alkoxy with 1 to 4 C atoms, phenyl and Si is substituted by at least one alkoxy group, and x signifies a whole number of 2 to 14. 
     The invention also has as subject matter a method of producing the alkoxysilyl oxazolines according to claim 1, characterized in that a 2-(alkenyl)-1,3-oxazoline of the general formula ##STR7## in which x has the meaning given above is reacted in the presence of a Pt or rhodium catalyst with an alkylalkoxysilane of the general formula ##STR8## in which R has the same meanings as above. 
     It is preferable to use triethoxy- or trimethoxysilane. 
     The reaction takes place at temperatures from 80° to 140° C., optionally under the pressure adjusted by the vapor pressure of the reactants and solvents at these temperatures and optionally under protective gas. 
     In general, the particular initial oxazoline compound is used as solvent. However, it is just as possible to work using inert, organic solvents which dissolve the reactants. 
     The alkenyl-1,3-oxazoline and the silane to be used are used in a molar ratio of 1:1 to 2.0:1, especially 1.2:1 to 1.7:1. 
     The hydrosilylation catalysts are known from the state of the art. Hexachloroplatinic acid or coordination complexes such as e.g. RhCl(PPh 3 ) 3 , optionally in the presence of peroxidic compounds, are suitable. 
     In a further variation of the method, the compounds in accordance with the invention are produced by a method which is characterized in that a cyanosilane compound of the general formula ##STR9## in which R has the meaning given above and y is a whole number from 2 to 12 is reacted with 2-aminoethanol in the presence of a Cd salt acting as catalyst, optionally under protective gas. 
     The reaction generally takes place at a temperature of from 60° to 140° C., optionally under the pressure being produced at these temperatures by the vapor pressure of the components of the reaction mixture. The cyanosilane compound and the 2-aminoethanol are generally used in a molar ratio of 1.2:1 to 1:1.2. Soluble cadmium salts in a molar amount of 0.1 to 3% relative to the amount of cyanosilane compound are used as catalyst. An inert, organic compound, especially alcohols with 1 to 4 C atoms, branched or unbranched, are selected as solvent. The danger of re-esterification to a homogeneity as regards the substituents in formula IV must naturally be watched for. 
     The compounds of the invention are used in the modification of siliceous surfaces. This includes, e.g. surfaces of glass fibers, glass spheres, balls, or pellets and also precipitated silicas with a specific surface of 5 to 800 m 2  /g or pyrogenically obtained silicas with correspondingly high surfaces like those known for the reinforcement of plastics. Methods for the modification of siliceous surfaces can be obtained from the state of the art. It is customary e.g. in the case of glass fibers to immerse these materials in the corresponding, appropriate solutions of the organosilane compounds and to spray with a solution or the pure product. 
     In the case of fine fillers a spraying of the powder with simultaneous intensive mixing has also proven itself. 
     The concentrations of the silyl-1,3-oxazolines used fluctuate between 0.01 and 15 parts by weight relative to the material to be modified. 
     The reaction with the OH groups located on the surface of these materials take place e.g. according to the following scheme: ##STR10## 
     This reaction preferably takes place under alkaline catalysis, that is, in the presence of e.g. ammonium compounds soluble in the system or of further amines. 
     The glass fibers, glass spheres, silicas, etc. modified in accordance with the invention are used in plastics preferably containing double bonds such as e.g. polypropylene. Carboxylated types in which e.g. the following coupling mechanism is observed are particularly suitable: ##STR11## 
     If glass spheres modified with the compounds of the invention are used e.g. in carboxylated propylene the maximum tensile stress of the non-filled matrix theoretically possible is achieved. In contrast thereto, materials treated with octyl silane exhibit a significantly reduced tensile stress. 
     EXAMPLES 
     1. Synthesis of alkylalkoxysilyl oxazolines 
     Production of 2- 10-triethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline and 2- 10-(trimethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline ##STR12## 
     1.1 Example 1 
     Production of 2- 10-(triethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline 
     A mixture of 
     34.3 g (0.163 mole) 2-(9-decenyl)-1,3-oxazoline, 
     17.9 g (0.109 mole) triethoxysilane, 
     0.2 g (0.22 mmole) Rh 1  Cl (PPh 3 ) 3 , and 
     0.29 ml (0.87 mmole) t-butylhydroperoxide (3M solution in toluene) 
     was heated for 1 h to 100° C. in a round-bottomed flask with internal thermometer and inlet tube for protective gas. The fractionated vacuum distillation of the batch yielded 33.5 g (82% of theory) 2- 10-(triethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline at a boiling point of 148°-150° C. (0.1 mbar). 
     FTIR (KBr): ν=2920, 1669 (C═N), 1105, 950 (oxazoline) cm -1 . 1  H NMR (300 Mhz, CDCl 3 ): δ=0.63 (2H,t,J=7.9 Hz), 1.21 (23H,m) 1.64 (2H,m), 2.22 (2H,t,J=7.0 Hz), 380 (8H,m), 4.17 (2H,t,J=9.4 Hz).  13  C NMR (75 Mhz, CDCl 3 ): δ=10.2, 18.1, 22.6, 25.8, 27.8, 29.1, 29.1, 29.2, 29.2, 29.3, 33.0, 54.2, 58.1, 66.9, 168.5 C 19  H 39  NO 4  Si calc. C 61.08 H 10.52 N 3.75 (373.57) obs. 60.88 10.58 3.80 MS (EL): m/z=373 (M + , 10), 85 (100), 98 (72) HRMS: m/z calc. For C 19  H 39  NO 4  Si 373.2648, obs. 373.2654 
     1.2 Example 2 
     Production of 2- 10-(trimethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline 
     A mixture of 
     3.95 g (18.9 mmoles) 2-(9-decenyl)-1,3-oxazoline, 
     1.92 g (15.7 mmoles) trimethoxysilane, 
     0.18 ml ((0.008 mmoles) H 2  PtCl 6 .aq (0.044M in diglyme) 
     was heated in a round-bottomed flask with internal thermometer and inlet tube for protective gas for 15 h to 100° C. The fractionated vacuum distillation of the batch yielded 2.1 g (41% of theory) 2- 10-(trimethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline at a boiling point of 133-135° C. (0.1 mbar). 
     IR(KBr): ν=2920, 1668, 1110, 950 cm -1   1  H NMR (300 Mhz, CDCl 3 ): δ=0.61 (2H,t,J=7.9 Hz), 1.23 (14H,m), 1.68 (2H,m), 2.23 (2H,t,J=7.0 Hz), 3.48 (9H,s), 3.78 (2H,t,J=9.4 Hz), 4.17 (2H,t,J=9.4 Hz)  13  C NMR (75 Mhz, CDCl 3 ): δ=9.0, 22.4, 25.8, 27.8, 29.1, 29.1, 29.1, 29.3, 29.3, 32.9, 50.3, 54.2, 66.9, 168.5 C 16  H 33  NO 4  Si calc. C 57.97 H 10.03 N 4.22 (331.53) obs. 58.14 9.82 4.22 MS (EL): m/z=331 (M + , 12), 85 (100), 98 (92) HRMS: m/z calc. for C 16  H 33  NO 4  Si 331.2179, obs. 331.2186. 
     1.3 Example 3 
     Production of 2- 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl!-1,3-oxazoline ##STR13## A mixture of 50 ml ethanol abs. water-free, 
     2.5 ml (11.2 mmoles) 3-cyanopropyltriethoxysilane, 
     0.67 ml (11.2 mmoles) 2-aminoethanol, and 
     0.12 g (0.22 mmoles) cadmium acetate dihydrate 
     was heated for 20 h until reflux in a round-bottomed flask with reflux condenser and inlet tube for protective gas. 
     The 2- 3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl!-1,3-oxazoline was produced in 25% conversion. IR (KBr): ν=2920, 1668, 1110, 950 cm -1  1 H-NMR: 4.15, 3.80 ppm (oxazoline) 
     2. Modification of surfaces 
     2.1 Example 1 
     A suspension of 
     700 ml methanol, 
     70 ml water (deionized), 
     15 ml ammonium hydroxide solution (25% by weight-in water), 
     10 g Aerosil® 200, pyrogenically produced SiO 2 , spec. surface 200 m 2  /g 
     3.85 g (10.3 mmoles) 2- 10-triethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline 
     was heated for 2 h to an internal temperature of 50° C. in a round-bottomed flask with internal thermometer and reflux condenser. The filtered-off SiO 2  was subsequently dried 4 h at 30° C./oil pump vacuum, then 2 h at 80° C./oil pump vacuum. 
     IR (KBr): ν=2927, 2855, 1641 (C=N) cm -1  Thermogravimetry (25°-700° C.): 10.1% by weight (48 mmoles decyloxazoline/100 g Aerosil 200) Elementary analysis: 44 mmoles/100 g Aerosil 200  29  Si-CP-MAS-NMR: -60 ppm T 2  -64 ppm T 3  +T 4 . 
     2.2 Example 2 
     A suspension of 
     300 ml toluene abs. water-free, 
     10.0 g Aerosil® 200, pyrogenically produced SiO 2 , 
     11.2 g (30 mmoles) 2- 10-triethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline 
     was heated for 2 h to an internal temperature of 50° C. in an agitated flask with internal thermometer and reflux cooler. The filtered-off SiO 2  was subsequently dried 4 h at 30° C./oil pump vacuum, then 2 h at 80° C./oil pump vacuum. 
     IR (KBr): ν=2927, 2855, 1641 (C=N) cm -1  Thermogravimetry (25°-700° C.):4.6% by weight (22 mmoles decyloxazoline/100 g Aerosil 200) Elementary analysis: 21 mmoles/100 g Aerosil 200  29  Si-CP-MAS-NMR: 55 ppm (standard TMS) T 1  -59 ppm T 2 . 
     2.3 Example 3 
     The work was carried out analogously to the method in example 2 with an amine catalyst wherein 
     300 ml toluene abs. water-free, 
     10.0 g Aerosil 200, 
     11.2 g (30 mmoles) 2- 10-(triethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline, and 
     1.1 ml (10 mmoles) benzylamine 
     was heated for 48 h until reflux. The filtered-off SiO 2  was subsequently extracted 24 h with toluene, then dried in an oil pump vacuum at 60° C. for 5 h. 
     IR (KBR): ν=2926, 2855, 1640 (C=N) cm -1  Thermogravimetry (25°-700° C.): 6.5% by weight (31 mmoles decyloxazoline/100 g Aerosil 200) Elementary analysis: 30 mmoles/100 g Aerosil 200  29  Si-CP-MASNMR: -59.5 ppm T 2  -63.5 T 3  +T 4 . 
     2.4 Example 4 
     A suspension of 
     700 ml methanol, 
     70 ml water (deionized), 
     15 ml ammonium hydroxide solution (25% by weight in water), 
     100 glass spheres CP 5000-00, 
     3.85 g (10.3 mmoles) 2- 10-(triethoxysilyl)decyl!-1,3-oxazoline 
     was heated for 2 h to an internal temperature of 50° C. in a round-bottomed flask with internal thermometer and reflux condenser. The filtered-off SiO 2  was subsequently dried 4 h at 30° C./oil pump vacuum, then 2 h at 80° C./oil pump vacuum. 
     Thermogravimetry (25°-650° C.): 0.20% by weight (0.95 mmole decyloxazoline/100 g glass bulbs). Manufacturer of the glass spheres: Potters Ballotini, Kirchheim-Bollanden Type: CP 5000-00 untreated, non-silanized average dimension 5-10 μm, 99%&lt;12 μm 
     3. The use of the modified materials 
     Two series with three types of glass spheres were tested. In the Series I experiments, the amount of filler was varied at a constant adhesion promoter content (10% by volume). In the Series II experiments, the amount of adhesion promoter was varied at a constant filler content (10% by volume). The adhesion promoter used in the following examples is carboxylated polypropylene and the fillers are glass spheres as further described below. 
     The composites were produced in a Haake Rheomix 90 kneader with a 60 ml Zweihaken mixing chamber at 60 rpm and 240° C. with a total reaction time of six minutes. The components were mixed in varying percentage by volume amounts. After the reaction the material obtained was melt-pressed to plates 2 mm thick from which specimens were milled according to DIN for stress-strain measurements. 
     The maximum tensile stress theoretically possible of the non-filled matrix is achieved in the composite obtained by the covalent bonding of the carboxylated PP on oxazoline-functionalized micro-glass spheres. By way of comparison the glass spheres coated with octylsilane, which differ structurally only by the lack of oxazoline, and the untreated glass spheres have considerably reduced tensile stresses (table and graph 1). 
     Matrix polypropylene: PPn; Shell KM 6100 Adhesion promoter PP-COOH, Polybond BP Chemicals, acrylic acid (6% by weight) grafted PP, M W  =30000-40000 Filler glass spheres: Potters Ballotini CP 50000-00, d 99  =12 μm 
     a) Untreated 
     b) Silanized with oxazolinyldecyltriethoxysilane, 0.95 mmole/100 g 
     c) Silanized with octyltriethoxysilane, 1.0 mmole/100 g ##STR14## 3.2 Series I: PPn+10% by volume PP-COOH+x % by volume (0, 10, 20, 30) glass a), b), c) 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________ Glass % by           E-modulus   Tensile ElongationType  vol.      (Mpa)       stress (Mpa)                               at tear______________________________________--    0         1230        30.0    20a)    10        1490        29.0    10b)    10        1510        34.0    9c)    10        1510        28.1    38a)    20        1770        27.0    4b)    20        1940        34.0    8c)    20        1890        22.2    44a)    30        2490        25.8    4b)    30        2440        33.6    4c)    30        2261        18.4    24______________________________________ 
    
     See FIG. 1 for a graph of these results. 
     3.3 Series II: PPn+x % by volume (0, 1, 2, 5, 10) PP-COOH+10% by volume glass a), b) 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________ PP-COOH % by     E-modulus  Tensile stress                              Elongation atType  vol.     (Mpa)      (Mpa)    tear______________________________________a)    0        1340       26.7     380b)    0        1380       28.2     60a)    1        1430       27.0     40b)    1        1430       29.7     33a)    2        1440       27.7     18b)    2        1530       30.5     12a)    5        1540       28.0     13b)    5        1490       32.5     15a)    10       1490       29.0     10b)    10       1510       34.0     9______________________________________ 
    
     See FIG. 2 for a graph of these results 
     Further variations and modifications of the foregoing will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the claims, appended hereto. 
     German priority application 196 06 413.9 is relied on and incorporated herein by reference.