Abstract:
A method for transferring audio data in a mobile radio network, the mobile radio network having a first mobile device in a first location and a second mobile device in a second location, includes: transmitting, by the first mobile device, a pilot signal to the second mobile device; measuring, by the second mobile device, a signal strength of the pilot signal; transmitting, by the second mobile device, information related to the signal strength of the pilot signal to the first mobile device; determining, by the first mobile device, the second location relative to the first location based on the information related to the signal strength; and transmitting, by the first mobile device, an audio signal based on the second location to the second mobile device.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a U.S. National Phase application under 35 U.S.C. §371 of International Application No. PCT/EP2011/003477, filed on Jul. 12, 2011, and claims benefit to European Patent Application No. EP 10007387.3, filed on Jul. 16, 2010. The International Application was published in English on Jan. 19, 2012 as WO 2012/007152 A1 under PCT Article 21(2). 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method, a client, a system, a program and a computer program product for mobile communication. 
         [0003]    Particularly, the present invention relates to transferring audio information. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0004]    The mobile device industry is constantly challenged in the market place for high tier products having unique features. For example, demand for mobile devices which play music has dramatically risen. Today music portable devices are very popular, and there are multiple types of devices supporting music playback such as MP3 Players, cell phones, and satellite radio systems. These devices are capable of reproducing music stored or downloaded to the device. Users can download different songs or music clips and listen to the music played by the device. For example, the device may individually support stereo rendering of sound. Consequently, when using headsets or earphones, the user can be immersed in the music experience. However, in non-headset or non-earphone mode, such devices are generally incapable of generating a true stereo experience. Due to the small size of the device and the small number of available speakers, the device is generally limited to mono sound. Also, in some cases, more than one user may want to listen to music together. Accordingly, sharing the music experience with more than one user, without a headset or earphones, does not provide a stereo rendering of the music. A need therefore exists for providing stereo sound for sharing a music experience with multiple users. 
         [0005]    Such methods are described e.g. in document US2007/0087686 A1. This document discloses a method for playing back audio data on an audio playback device such as an audio playback enabled mobile phone. The method comprises receiving multi-channel audio data, in an audio playback device, obtaining first channel audio data from said multi-channel audio data for playback, and playing back said first channel audio data via at least one loudspeaker of said audio playback device. 
         [0006]    The drawback of methods according to the prior art is that the devices must not move during sound playback because otherwise the sound playback is significantly disturbed. Therefore there is an urgent need for a method that provides the playback of audio data even during movement of the mobile devices. 
         [0007]    This is only one drawback that is solved by the present invention explained in the following. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0008]    In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for transferring audio data in a mobile radio network. The mobile radio network includes a first mobile device in a first location and a second mobile device in a second location. The method includes: transmitting, by the first mobile device, a pilot signal to the second mobile device; measuring, by the second mobile device, a signal strength of the pilot signal; transmitting, by the second mobile device, information related to the signal strength of the pilot signal to the first mobile device; determining, by the first mobile device, the second location relative to the first location based on the information related to the signal strength; and transmitting, by the first mobile device, an audio signal based on the second location to the second mobile device. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]    The present invention will be described in even greater detail below based on the exemplary figures. The invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments. All features described and/or illustrated herein can be used alone or combined in different combinations in embodiments of the invention. The features and advantages of various embodiments of the present invention will become apparent by reading the following detailed description with reference to the attached drawings which illustrate the following: 
           [0010]      FIGS. 1 to 4  show schematically exemplary embodiments of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0011]    In an embodiment, the present invention provides a method for transferring audio data in a mobile radio network, wherein the mobile radio network comprises a first mobile device in a first location and a second mobile device in a second location, wherein the first mobile device transmits a pilot signal to the second mobile device, wherein the second mobile device measures a signal strength of the pilot signal, wherein the second mobile device transmits an information related to the signal strength of the pilot signal to the first mobile device, wherein the first mobile device determines the second location relative to the first location depending on the information related to the signal strength, wherein the first mobile device transmits an audio signal depending on the second location to the second mobile device. 
         [0012]    According to the present invention it is advantageously possible to playback audio data even during movement of the mobile devices without any negative impact on the played back audio data caused by the movement of the mobile devices. Even during movement of the mobile devices, the first mobile device can determine the second location of the second mobile device comparatively exactly and adapt optimally the audio signal that is transmitted to the second mobile device in dependence of the second location. Furthermore, there is no need for a stationary server and/or for an infrastructural network. 
         [0013]    In the following further exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described. 
         [0014]    But it will be understood by any person skilled in the art that these exemplary embodiments are merely used for illustrative purposes and do not limit the scope of protection defined by the claims. 
         [0015]    According to the present invention it is preferred that the pilot signal, the information related to the signal strength and/or the audio signal are transmitted using Bluetooth, NFC (Near Field Communication), RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), WIMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access), or WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) connection. In the context of the present invention, a Bluetooth connection is a wireless connection making use of the 2.4 GHz ISM band. 
         [0016]    According to the present invention it is thereby advantageously possible to use existing connection means for realization of the present invention. 
         [0017]    According to the present invention it is preferred that the first mobile device receives sound data from a local memory device, preferably a memory stick, and/or a network entity, preferably using Bluetooth, NFC, RFID, WIMAX or WLAN connection, wherein the audio signal is generated depending on the sound data. 
         [0018]    According to the present invention it is thereby advantageously possible to easily provide sound data to the first mobile device. 
         [0019]    According to the present invention it is preferred that the sound data comprises mono sound, stereo sound and/or surround sound information. 
         [0020]    According to the present invention it is thereby advantageously possible to provide different kind of sound data to the first mobile device. 
         [0021]    According to the present invention it is preferred that the first mobile device determines sound capabilities of the second mobile device, wherein preferably the sound capabilities comprise data processing capacity, battery capacity, and/or speaker volume level, wherein the first mobile device provides the audio signal depending on the sound capabilities to the second mobile device. 
         [0022]    According to the present invention it is thereby advantageously possible to optimize the audio signal even if there are different capabilities of the second mobile devices. 
         [0023]    According to the present invention it is preferred that the first mobile device determines locations and sound capabilities of a plurality of second mobile devices, wherein the first mobile device generates a surround sound depending on the locations and the sound capabilities of the plurality of second mobile devices, wherein each of the plurality of second mobile devices contributes a portion of the surround sound. 
         [0024]    According to the present invention it is thereby advantageously possible to provide surround sound even if the second mobile devices and/or the first mobile device are moving. 
         [0025]    According to the present invention it is preferred that mobile devices entering or leaving the proximity of the first mobile device are added to or removed from the plurality of second mobile devices. 
         [0026]    According to the present invention it is thereby advantageously possible to provide e.g. surround sound even if devices are exchanging in the proximity of the first mobile device. 
         [0027]    According to the present invention it is preferred that an internal compass or a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor is used for determination of the direction of the second mobile device relating to the first mobile device. 
         [0028]    The invention further relates to a system for transferring audio data in a mobile radio network, wherein the mobile radio network comprises a first mobile device in a first location and a second mobile device in a second location, characterized in that the first mobile device transmits a pilot signal to the second mobile device, wherein the second mobile device measures a signal strength of the pilot signal, wherein the second mobile device transmits an information related to the signal strength of the pilot signal to the first mobile device, wherein the first mobile device determines the second location relative to the first location depending on the information related to the signal strength, wherein the first mobile device transmits an audio signal depending on the second location to the second mobile device. 
         [0029]    The invention further relates to a first mobile device for transferring audio data in a mobile radio network, wherein the mobile radio network comprises the first mobile device in a first location and a second mobile device in a second location, wherein the first mobile device transmits a pilot signal to the second mobile device, wherein the first mobile device receives an information related to the signal strength of the pilot signal from the second mobile device, wherein the first mobile device determines the second location relative to the first location depending on the information related to the signal strength, wherein the first mobile device transmits an audio signal depending on the second location to the second mobile device. 
         [0030]    The invention further relates to a program comprising a computer readable program code which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform a method according to the present invention. The invention further relates to a computer program product comprising a computer program stored on a storage medium, wherein the computer program comprises a computer readable program code which, when executed on a computer, causes the computer to perform a method for transferring audio data in a mobile radio network according to the present invention. 
         [0031]    According to the present invention it is thereby advantageously possible to playback audio data even during movement of the mobile devices because the sound playback is not significantly disturbed. 
         [0032]    The present invention will be described with respect to particular embodiments and with reference to certain drawings but the invention is not limited thereto but only by the claims. The drawings described are only schematic and are non-limiting. In the drawings, the size of some of the elements may be exaggerated and not drawn on scale for illustrative purposes. 
         [0033]    Furthermore, the terms first, second, third and the like in the description and in the claims are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the terms so used are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances and that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in other sequences than described of illustrated herein. 
         [0034]    According to the present invention several mobile devices (UE&#39;s) can be used to enable surround sound even if they are moving. Also one or more devices can receive surround sound depending on their position, even if they move between rooms. For a good impression of surround sound a precise (or preferably exact) position of each loudspeaker should be known by the audio source device for calculating spatial diversity. Otherwise spatial distortion could occur, which would badly affect the user&#39;s sound impression. 
         [0035]    With the support of GPS (global positioning system) the position can be determined with accuracy of several meters or even with help of DGPS (digital global positioning system) of several centimeters. Relying on satellite signals is limited to outdoor applications because of the weak received signals from the satellites indoors. A precise (or preferably exact) location determination of such devices needs to be done indoors in other ways. 
         [0036]    Nowadays loudspeakers built in mobile devices (e.g. mobile phones) are able to play music/voice data loud enough for bigger auditorium. People around a centered device (Server) could experience surround sound delivered from the client devices around. While moving also the spatial diversion and signal level in the clients will be adopted according to the position of the Server device (initially to be considered to be centered). Special reverb profiles could be enabled and adopted by the user.  FIG. 1  shows schematically an embodiment of the present invention. A centered device (Server)  100  receives prepared surround data (e.g. 4 channels) via source  105 . The source  105  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). Centered device (Server)  100  distributes sound data to stationary clients  101 ,  102 ,  103 ,  104 . Prepared surround data will be played accordingly by the clients on demand by the server. According to a further embodiment the devices are not stationary but mobile. In this case the centered device  100  calculates spatial diversity and signal level for each client  101 ,  102 ,  103 ,  104 . Prepared surround data will be distributed from server  100  to the clients. Prepared surround data will be played accordingly by the clients on demand by the server. According to this embodiment it as advantageously possibly that the clients are moving while providing surround sound. 
         [0037]    According to a further embodiment the centered device (Server)  100  receives sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  105 . The source  105  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). Centered device (Server)  100  calculates spatial diversity and signal level for each client  101 ,  102 ,  103 ,  104 . Prepared surround data will be distributed from server  100  to the clients. Prepared surround data will be played accordingly by the clients on demand by the server. According to this embodiment it as advantageously possibly that the clients are moving while providing surround sound. 
         [0038]    According to a further embodiment the centered device (Server)  100  receives sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  105 . The source  105  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). The centered device (Server)  100  distributes sound data to the clients. The clients calculate spatial diversity and signal level for each client. Calculated surround data will be played accordingly by the clients on demand by the server. According to this embodiment it as advantageously possibly that the clients are moving while providing surround sound. 
         [0039]    According to a further embodiment a handover is provided e.g. when the server moves from one room into the other room.  FIG. 2  shows schematically a further embodiment of the present invention. In a first room  201  a centered device (Server)  900  receives prepared surround data or sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  905 . The source  905  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). Centered device (Server)  900  calculates spatial diversity and signal level for each client  901 ,  902 ,  903 ,  904 . Prepared surround data will be distributed from server  900  to the clients. Prepared surround data will be played accordingly by the clients on demand by the server. In this embodiment the server  900  moves in direction  920  from the first room  201  into a second room  202 . During this movement the server  900  starts from position  900  and reaches the positions  910 ,  911 ,  912 ,  913 . Position  913  is the end position if the movement. In the second room  202  the centered device (Server) receives prepared surround data or sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  914 . The source  914  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or according to a further embodiment even the same source like  905  or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). The centered device (Server) calculates spatial diversity and signal level for each client  906 ,  907 ,  908 ,  909 . Prepared surround data will be distributed from the server to the clients. Prepared surround data will be played accordingly by the clients on demand by the server. According to the present invention it is advantageously possible to provide a non noticeable interruption during moving from one to the other room, which means that e.g. client  906  takes more and more sound data over from client  902  (e.g. 0% at position  900 , 25% at position  910 , 50% at position  911 , 75% at position  912 , 100% at position  913 ). The positions between the starting position  900  and the end position  913  are not limited and would result in any value of related signal level from 0% to 100%. 
         [0040]    The following table 1 shows reached signal levels for each channel of the client. For better handover procedure the direction of the client may be useful to know, which could be preferably determined by an internal compass or by a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor in the client. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Allocation of signal levels 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Signal 
                 Signal 
                 Signal 
                 Signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 level 
                 level  
                 level 
                 level 
               
               
                   
                 Position 
                 Direction  
                 Channel 
                 Channel 
                 Channel 
                 Channel 
               
               
                 Location 
                 of 
                 of 
                 Left  
                 Left  
                 Right  
                 Right  
               
               
                 of Server 
                 Server 
                 Server 
                 Rear 
                 Front 
                 Front 
                 Rear 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Room 201 
                 900 
                 920 
                 901 
                 902 
                 904 
                 903 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
               
               
                 Room 201 
                 910 
                 920 
                 901 
                 902 
                 904 
                 903 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 902 
                 906 
                 908 
                 904 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
               
               
                 Room 201- 
                 911 
                 920 
                 901 
                 902 
                 904 
                 904 
               
               
                 202 
                   
                   
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 902 
                 906 
                 908 
                 903 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
               
               
                 Room 202 
                 912 
                 920 
                 902 
                 906 
                 908 
                 904 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 906  
                 907 
                 909 
                 908 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
               
               
                 Room 202 
                 913 
                 920 
                 906 
                 907 
                 909 
                 908 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0041]    The transmission of sound data from the clients to loudspeakers could be wired or wireless. In a preferred embodiment the loudspeakers are built in the clients. The signals between the devices (Server and Clients) are preferably encrypted with a defined length of an encryption key. Each device (Server and Clients) preferably has a special identity (ID) for exact identification. Preferably for better performance, e.g. handover procedure, the direction from the client to the server could be determined by an internal compass or by a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor in the server. 
         [0042]    According to a further embodiment the position of four cornered devices (Servers)  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  504  are known or determined and one or more centered devices (clients)  500  are moving in between. While moving also the spatial diversion and signal level in the client(s)  500  will be adapted according to the position of the client device(s)  500  (initially to be considered to be centered). In this embodiment the client devices  500  comprises preferably a special surround headphone, so that the user can experience the surround sound with the client device  500 . Special reverb profiles could preferably be enabled and adopted by the user. 
         [0043]    According to a further embodiment the corner devices (Servers)  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  504  receive prepared surround data (e.g. 4 channels) via source  505 . The source  505  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). The cornered devices (Server)  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  504  distribute sound data to Client  500 . 
         [0044]    According to a further embodiment the corner devices (Servers)  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  504  receive sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  505 . The source  505  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). The corner devices (Servers) calculate spatial diversity and signal level for the client  500 . Prepared surround data will be distributed from the servers to the client. Calculated surround data will be played accordingly by the client  500  on demand from the servers. According to this embodiment it as advantageously possibly that the client  500  is moving while providing surround sound. 
         [0045]    According to a further embodiment the corner devices (Servers)  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  504  receive sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  505 . The source  505  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). The corner devices (Servers)  501 ,  502 ,  503 ,  504  distribute sound data to client  500 . The client  500  calculates spatial diversity and signal level for the client itself Calculated surround data will be played accordingly by the client  500  on demand from the client itself. According to this embodiment it as advantageously possibly that the client  500  is moving while providing surround sound. 
         [0046]    According to a further embodiment a handover is provided e.g. when the client moves from one room into the other room.  FIG. 4  shows schematically a further embodiment of the present invention. In a first room  401  the corner devices (Servers)  951 ,  952 ,  953 ,  954  receive prepared surround data (e.g. 4 channels) or sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  955 . The source  955  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). The cornered devices (Server)  951 ,  952 ,  953 ,  954  distribute sound data to Client  950 . In a second room  402  the corner devices (Servers)  956 ,  957 ,  958 ,  959  receive prepared surround data (e.g. 4 channels) or sound data (Mono or Stereo) via source  965 . The source  965  is e.g. a local memory (e.g. memory stick, etc.) or according to a further embodiment even the same source like  955  or a network (e.g. mobile network, Bluetooth, WLAN, USB, etc.). The cornered devices (Server)  956 ,  957 ,  958 ,  959  distribute sound data to clients located in the second room  402 . The corner devices (Servers) calculate spatial diversity and signal level for the client. Prepared surround data will be distributed from the servers to the client. Calculated surround data will be played accordingly by the client on demand from the servers. In this embodiment the client  950  moves in direction  970  from the first room  401  into the second room  402 . During this movement the client  950  starts from position  950  and reaches the positions  960 ,  961 ,  962 ,  963 . Position  963  is the end position of the movement. According to the present invention it is advantageously possible to provide a non noticeable interruption during moving from one to the other room, which means that e.g. server  956  takes more and more sound data over from server  952  (e.g. 0% at position  950 , 25% at position  960 , 50% at position  961 , 75% at position  962 , 100% at position  963 ). The positions between the starting position  950  and the end position  963  are not limited and would result in a value of related signal level from 0% to 100%. 
         [0047]    The following table 2 shows reached signal levels for each channel of the server. For better handover procedure the direction of the client may be useful to know, which could be preferably determined by an internal compass or by a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor in the client. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
               
               
                 Allocation of signal levels 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Signal 
                 Signal 
                 Signal 
                 Signal 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 level 
                 level 
                 level 
                 level 
               
               
                   
                 Position 
                 Direction 
                 Channel 
                 Channel 
                 Channel 
                 Channel 
               
               
                 Location 
                 of 
                 of  
                 Left  
                 Left  
                 Right  
                 Right  
               
               
                 of Client 
                 Server 
                 Server 
                 Rear 
                 Front 
                 Front 
                 Rear 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Room 401 
                 950 
                 970 
                 951 
                 952 
                 954  
                 953 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
               
               
                 Room 401 
                 960 
                 970 
                 951 
                 952  
                 954 
                 953 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 952 
                 956 
                 958 
                 954 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
               
               
                 Room 
                 961 
                 970 
                 951 
                 952 
                 954 
                 954 
               
               
                 401-402 
                   
                   
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 952 
                 956 
                 958 
                 953 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
                 (50%) 
               
               
                 Room 402 
                 962 
                 970 
                 952 
                 956 
                 958 
                 954 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
                 (25%) 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 956 
                 957 
                 959 
                 958 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
                 (75%) 
               
               
                 Room 402 
                 963 
                 970 
                 956 
                 957 
                 959 
                 958 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
                 (100%) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0048]    According to the present invention it is advantageously possible to provide surround sound to a group of mobile devices around a centered device, even if the devices are moving. In case of moving devices the position of the devices need to be updated and known by the server(s). Surround data can be streamed or, calculated by a server or several clients, based on processing power of the devices. The surround data can be streamed to one or more centered devices (clients), even if the devices are moving, and adopt the surround data according to their position. Depending on the location of the devices, handover between one or more rooms, by optional support of using an internal compass of devices or by a gyro sensor or an acceleration sensor, is also intended. 
         [0049]    While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description are to be considered illustrative or exemplary and not restrictive. It will be understood that changes and modifications may be made by those of ordinary skill within the scope of the following claims. In particular, the present invention covers further embodiments with any combination of features from different embodiments described above and below. 
         [0050]    The terms used in the claims should be construed to have the broadest reasonable interpretation consistent with the foregoing description. For example, the use of the article “a” or “the” in introducing an element should not be interpreted as being exclusive of a plurality of elements. Likewise, the recitation of “or” should be interpreted as being inclusive, such that the recitation of “A or B” is not exclusive of “A and B.” Further, the recitation of “at least one of A, B and C” should be interpreted as one or more of a group of elements consisting of A, B and C, and should not be interpreted as requiring at least one of each of the listed elements A, B and C, regardless of whether A, B and C are related as categories or otherwise.