Abstract:
A storage tank system especially useful for storing liquid gasoline comprises a rigid inner tank, access lines extending through the tank, a sleeve attached to the rigid inner tank and encompassing the access lines, and a jacket encasing the tank and at least part of the sleeve. A leak detector is associated with the closed space between the inner tank and jacket to detect leaks. The system results in a storage facility which is not likely to lose its stored liquid to the environment due to slow leak or a sudden large leak by providing total containment capability.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of &#34;Total Containment And Overfill Storage Tank System&#34;, Ser. No. 07/066,691, filed Jun. 26, 1987, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of &#34;Total Containment Storage Tank System&#34;, Ser. No. 820,027, filed Aug. 11, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,685,327, which is a continuation-in-part of &#34;Storage Tanks Having Secondary Containment Means&#34;, Ser. No. 06/740,869, filed Jun. 3, 1985, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,607,522, which is a continuation-in-part of &#34;External Jacket System As Secondary Containment For Storage Tanks&#34;, Ser. No. 544,013, filed Oct. 21, 1983, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,523,454 and &#34;Storage Tank Systems&#34;, filed Feb. 16, 1984, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,524,609 which is a continuation-in-part of &#34;Storage Tank Systems&#34;, Ser. No. 06/544,012, filed Oct. 21, 1983, now abandoned and a continuation-in-part of &#34;Fiberglass Reinforced Resin Storage Tanks With Secondary Containment Means&#34;, Ser. No. 06/745,540, filed Jun. 17, 1985, now abandoned. 
    
    
     This invention relates to liquid storage tank systems. More particularly, the invention relates to double walled storage tank systems having total leak prevention means. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Storage tanks are widely used for storing a variety of liquids. Some of these liquids are hazardous and can be corrosive and/or flammable. In particular, underground storage tanks are used extensively for the storage of liquid gasoline at retail gasoline stations. The service life of a storage tank will vary, but eventually the tank and its piping will leak. Leaks from the tank system often happen within a few years after the new tank and piping are installed, due to improper insulation or flaws in the manufacturing of the tanks and piping. 
     Known leakage problems are particulary troublesome in that gasoline storage tanks are usually buried underground. Any leaks which develop are normally very slow initially and are very difficult to detect. Underground storage tanks are susceptible to damage in those area that are prone to earthquakes and winter frost heaves of the ground surrounding the tanks. Typical underground storage tanks are constructed with structural accessories such as a manhead, its lid, and piping for filling, dispensing, and venting. The accessories described are examples of structures which liquids and vapors flow through and all of which are normally located at the top of the tank. Leaks from subterranean tanks or the accessories can result in a significant danger to the environment and health of nearby residents. Federal as well as local regulations govern the design and maintenance of such storage tanks. 
     Heightened public awareness of the danger posed by underground storage tanks has led to additional governmental regulations. Recent proposed regulations will require most storage tanks to have secondary containment means and possibly a fail safe leak detection design feature to guard against accidental soil and water contamination. Secondary containment is accomplished by a jacket completely encasing the tank and structural accessories. The tank and related accessories are referred to as the primary containment system. Any jacket or wall encasing the primary system is often referred to as a secondary containment system. Leak detection means are often utilized to monitor the space between the primary and secondary containment systems for leaks or failures. Leak detection devices such as probes or degrading monitoring cables which are utilized to detect gasoline, vapors or water can not detect the failure of the exterior jacket. When the underground jacket fails and there is no ground water present, probes or degrading monitoring cannot detect jacket failures. Probes and degrading monitors are examples of the type monitors that cannot provide a fail safe leak detection means. 
     The problem associated with inadequate detection means is that when the liquid stored within the primary containment system leaks, the liquid may also leak out of the secondary containment jacket which may have failed in prior years. Also a slow leak from the primary containment may never reach the location of a non fail safe detection device because the liquids leaked from the primary containment into the jacket could drain out of the defective jacket at a location away from the monitors. The best feature of a fail safe detecting means is the continuous monitoring method that establishes the system to be free of leaks, from the time the system is installed to the time the system is removed. 
     There now has been discovered a total secondary containment system capable of encasing the liquid storage underground tank and tank&#39;s structural accessories. The present invention solves the problems inherent with existing tank systems with provisions for leak detection means. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is concerned with liquid storage tank systems. The new system comprises (a) a rigid inner tank, (b) access lines extending through the tank to the interior of the storage tank, (c) a sleeve with cover attached to the inner tank to form a sleeve area through which the access lines pass, said sleeve further having passage means to a closed space at its exterior, and (d) a jacket encasing the storage tank and extending at least partially around the sleeve so that a closed space exists between the storage tank and jacket to contain any leakage. Another aspect of the new system additionally has a leak detector means in communication with the closed space. Any leak which occurs in the storage tank is contained within the jacket and sleeve and is detected by the leak detector means. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic of the improved storage tank system of this invention. 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-section view of the storage tank system of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an embodiment of the invention wherein a flexible jacket is in the process of being positioned about a rigid inner tank. 
     FIG. 4 is a partial side view, in section, showing a step in the installation of a jacket of the storage tank system. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     While the description which follows describes the invention in terms of its use with underground gasoline storage tanks, it should be understood the invention has applicability for other uses as well. For example, storage tanks used for storing liquids other than gasoline can utilize the present invention. However, the invention lends itself particularly well to underground tanks used for storing liquid gasoline and, therefore this preferred use is described in the following paragraphs. 
     With reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the present invention comprises a rigid inner storage tank 10. The inner tank is made of metal such as steel or fibrous reinforced resinous material e.g. a fiberglass reinforced polyester or vinylester material. As shown, though not required, a manhead 11 is securely attached to the storage tank. The manhead&#39;s primary function is to serve as a means by which access can be gained to the interior of the tank. Removal of cover 12 after disconnecting all access lines passing through the cover will allow an individual to enter the tank for repair or inspection purposes. As a secondary function, the manhead provides a means by which the various access lines enter the tank. The manhead is generally cylindrical in shape and about one to three feet in diameter, though other shapes and dimensions can be utilized. The cover 12 is securely fastened, preferably in liquid tight fashion by known attachment means, e.g. bolts and nuts. Such tanks are well known and are commonly used for storage of various liquids. 
     Passing through the manhead are various access lines typically associated with underground storage tanks. Thus, a dispensing line 13 leads to a ground level gasoline dispenser, a fill pipe 14 leads to a capped opening at or near the ground surface and a vent pipe 15 leads to the atmosphere. They are all secured to the manhead&#39;s cover by double threaded bushings 16, 17, and 18, respectively. In that embodiment of the invention wherein the rigid inner tank has no manhead, the aforementioned access lines are secured directly to the inner tank within the sleeve area. 
     Sleeve 19 extends around and encloses manhead 11. The sleeve is preferably cylindrical in shape but can be other shapes as well and extends about twelve inches to about forty-eight inches above the inner tank 10. It is securely attached to the storage tank 10, e.g. by welding or fiberglassing. Passage means 20 are provided near the base of the sleeve to provide communication between the area encompassed by the sleeve and the area encompassed by the jacket as further discussed below. A sleeve cover 21 seals the sleeve&#39;s interior. 
     Sleeve supports 22 are a preferred method of securing the sleeve 19 to the inner tank and adding additional support to the sleeve. The supports, in the form of brackets are welded to the tank 10 and the sleeve. Preferably, the support is made of a similar material as the primary tank. When used, the sleeve&#39;s side walls are held off the tank. The opening around the sleeve&#39;s base in effect is the passage means. Alternatively, the sleeve can rest on the tank with openings extending through the sleeve&#39;s side walls to provide the passage means. 
     Jacket 25 is constructed of a material of sufficient strength to contain the stored gasoline in case of a leak. The jacket can be made of a thin gauge steel or a synthetic polymeric material, including an elastomeric material such as rubber, e.g. Buta-N, neoprene, fluoroelastomer, e.g. Viton, polyester, vinyl esters, polyethylene (preferably a low density polyethylene), polypropylene, polyvinylchloride, polyurethane, polyepoxie and various fiber reinforced, fabric and vinyl backed sheets of any of the foregoing materials as well as materials constructed of two or more of the foregoing materials, e.g. fluoroelastomer coated polyethylene. Fiberglass reinforced polyesters and vinyl esters are two preferred jacket materials. The listed materials used in construction of the jacket are not all inclusive, but only illustrative of some of the materials that can be used. Preferably, the jacket is made of at least one material which is gasoline impervious. 
     The shape of the jacket 25 is such that it encases the rigid inner tank 10 to form a closed space between the jacket and the inner tank. The jacket is sized to hold up to 200% of the inner tank&#39;s contents. Additionally, jacket 25 at least extends to sleeve 19 and is attached thereto so as not to block passage means 20. Preferably, jacket 25 extends to the top rim of the sleeve and is secured thereto. (As discussed more fully below, any leakage from the storage tank or manhead will be contained by the jacket.) 
     In effect, the jacket encases the inner tank to provide secondary containment of liquid contained within the primary containment means, i.e. the rigid inner tank. Similarly, sleeve 19 and sleeve cover 21 encases manhead 11 to provide secondary containment of this accessory part of the inner tank. In effect, the jacket 25, sleeve 19 and sleeve cover 21 totally encase the inner tank 10 and its manhead 11. Passage openings 20 further ensure that there are no isolated areas which hinder any leak detection means used in the closed space to monitor for either inner tank leaks or jacket/sleeve leaks. 
     Leak detection means are preferably used in the closed space to monitor for leakage through either the storage tank or jacket. Several different types of detection means can be used, including pressure change detectors, gas or liquid analyzers, and electronic probes. The detection means itself is preferably positioned within the sleeve for ready accessibility. The detection means can be periodically checked or it can be electronically connected to a remote receiving station for continuous monitoring. Pipelines leading from the closed space to the detection means are used as a means to sample the closed space for leakage. Such pipelines can extend completely to the bottom of the closed space where leaked liquid is likely to drain. These pipelines can follow the contour of the tank&#39;s outer wall or pass directly through the tank&#39;s storage area and bottom surface. Liquid tight fittings, of course, are required with the direct pipelines. 
     A leak detection means depicted in FIG. 2 utilizes non-atmospheric atmospheric air pressure throughout the closed space. Such detection means associated with the closed space between the inner tank and jacket 25 is capable of detecting any change in pressure resulting from a leak in the jacket or inner tank. Conventional air pressure or a vacuum means 26 is used for providing a positive or negative pressure. The use of air pressure with a flexible jacket is not preferred because the jacket may be gas permeable to a certain degree and loss of pressure because of this must compensate for. When a vacuum is used, reinforcing means are used to maintain a spaced relationship between the tank and flexible jacket. A gas pervious material, for example a continuous foraminous or porous matting is placed within the closed space between the inner tank and jacket to maintain the spaced relationship. Jute, polyurethane foam, fiberglass matting, cotton matting, nylon matting and asbestos are examples of materials which can be used. A line 27 leads from the non-atmospheric air pressure means 26 to a gauge 28 conveniently positioned, e.g. in an attendant&#39;s area for periodic checking. 
     Other leak detection means, e.g. a probe positioned within the closed space can be used. The probe is capable of detecting preselected liquids, e.g. gasoline. Various probes are known. In one type, electric wires are encased in a gasoline-soluble covering. Leaked gasoline into the closed space will eventually dissolve the covering and cause a current in the wires to short circuit. 
     As depicted best in FIG. 2 a drip sump compartment 30 is optionally provided around the upper fill pipe 14. Liquid capacity of the sump area within the compartment is approximately one to twenty-two gallons. The sump area is not intended to be utilized as an overfill device, but rather is used as a overfill drippings catcher. The problem with using the sump as a overfill capacity area is that it is not double walled, and lacking in capacity. The sump area is used to collect any drippings that may result from a loose connection and/or during disconnecting of a flexible delivery hose leading from the transport tank to the fill line adapter 31. The compartment&#39;s lower cylinder 32 is attached by preferably a water tight method to sleeve cover 21. Preferably, the lower cylinder 32 has an adjustable slide height upper cylinder 33 to move it near the underside surface of a conventionally used surface manhole cover. The preferred height of the lower and upper cylinders from the sleeve cover is one to three inches, but not exceeding sixteen inches. When the preferred height is adjusted to be in proper proximity to the surface manhole covers, cylinders 32 and 33 are sealed together. Sealing methods such as gluing, welding, or band clamping are various known methods. An optional cover cap 34 is provided over the adjustable slide height cylinder 33 to keep the interior sump area free of dirt and water. 
     A sump area drain valve 40 is used to drain any drippings back to the primary tank 10. The valve is securely fastened and preferably sealed to the cover 21. Upon opening the valve the liquids are drained through drain hose 41 into the top of T-vent 42, which is in communication with vent 15 and tank 10. Contained within the drip sump area is a compression coupling 43 preferably sealed liquid tight by known methods such as a gasket and more preferably a compression gasket. 
     As illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4, a jacket 51 can be installed with the use of a fan. Initially, by this method, a gas pervious material 50 is placed around the rigid inner tank 10 up to the proximity of the manhead 11. Next the cylinder portion of tank 10 is wrapped with a sheet of high density polyethylene jacket material 51 around the tank. Then a sleeve 52 made of compatible material such as polyethylene with support bracket 53 is attached to tank 10. The sleeve 52 and jacket 51 are now welded together to obtain an air tight fit completely around the sleeve&#39;s bottom and jacket. Where the sleeve has any openings such as a hole created for secondary piping containment the openings are sealed shut during the assembly. Illustrated is a secondary containment male slip joint 54 sealed by cap 55. End caps 56 are then positioned and at least temporarily secured to jacket 51. A high volume vacuum fan (not shown) is attached to one end of a flexible hose 57 of approximately 12 inches to 48 inches in diameter and the other end is attached to a sleeve adapter 58. The sleeve adapter 58 is temporarily attached to sleeve 52. The fan is turned on creating an air flow as shown by the arrows. The induction of large amounts of suction air flow pulls the jacket 51 in close to the interior tank 10. The suction compresses the jacket against the gas pervious material 50 allowing air flow completely around the tank. Once the jacket is properly aligned around tank 10 the horizontal seam of the jacket is welded the entire length of the tank. Some tanks will entail more than one seam configuration to seal the cylinder. 
     After the jacket cylinder 51 is sealed, end caps 56 are pushed in approximately 2 inches beyond the end of the cylinder jacket. This results in a 90 degree angle ledge 62 which is then angle welded 63 around the entire end caps 56 at each end of the cylinder. 
     There are other methods of installing the jacket. The jacket&#39;s construction is not all inclusive, but only illustrative of a preferred method of constructing the jacket. 
     Still another embodiment of the invention uses at least one additional flexible jacket to encase dispensing line 13. As shown in FIG. 2, dispensing line 13 extends through the side wall of sleeve 19. Surrounding the dispensing line is a jacket 70. Jacket 70 completely encases the dispensing line and extends from the point it enters sleeve 19 through fitting 71 to the point it connects to the ground level gasoline dispenser. Similar to the jacket 25 surrounding the storage tank, jacket 70 contains any leakage from the dispensing line 13. If a leak does occur, it will be directed by gravity to the manhead area where it is effectively contained and detected. The material and mode of operation for the jacket encasing the inner tank applies as well to the jacket encasing the dispensing line. A separate leak detection means can be positioned in the area encompassed by the sleeve 19. Any leakage which occurs through the manhead 11 or dispensing line 13 (which is contained by jacket 70 and directed by gravity into the sleeve) will be detected and conveyed to a receiving means. Optionally, an alarm means can sound an audible or visual alarm when activated. 
     It should be apparent that variations of the invention described herein are possible. All such variations are within the scope of the claims.