Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to an insert and system of installing the same. The insert includes a tapered core and a cylinder. The core releasably secures to an installation device which includes a depth stop or a depth control to control the installation depth of the insert. The insert may be provided in a tray that allows for easier handling of the inserts and installation thereof in installation holes, for example in a hydraulic manifold. In some cases, the core includes a threaded hole to releasably secure the insert to the installation device, thus allowing the installation device to pull the core into the cylinder. The core and cylinder may be made of metallic materials such as steels, steel alloys and others. In some cases the insert can withstand blow out pressures of 40,000 psi or higher.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The following disclosure relates to a plug and a system, kit and method for installing the same. More particularly, the plug may be designed to seal manifolds or other devices that may have holes therein, for example, a hydraulic manifold. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    There are various plug and sealing systems generally known. For example, some commercially available plugs include a rivet system having a stem that is designed to break off during installation of the plug in a hole. The stem acts similar to a pop rivet. The manufacturing of the stem can be a complicated and expensive process as the stem must break off at the appropriate force in order to properly install the plug. 
         [0003]    US Pat. No. 4,584,755 to Lundquist discloses a tool and a plug for sealing a hole, for example, an unused coolant passage in an injection molding die. The plug includes a flexible, hollow cylindrical sleeve and a core member longitudinally interengageable into the sleeve. The core is of a generally cylindrical configuration. The sleeve is made of an elastomer material. The tool for installing the plug is activated by hand and does not appear to include any mechanical power. Further, the tool does not appear to have any depth control for controlling the installation depth of the insert. 
         [0004]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,421,137 to Nusbaumer et al. discloses a plug assembly comprising a generally cylindrical expansion sleeve having a socket portion that receives a wedging nut. The head of a screw element engages with the sleeve on the side of the sleeve opposite the nut such that rotation of the screw pulls the nut into the sleeve. The threaded hole of the wedging nut extends all the way through the socket and the screw element remains in the hole after installation. 
         [0005]    US. Pat. No. 8,381,934 to Brewer et al. discloses a sealing plug for blind installation. The plug includes a sleeve, a nut stem with a shoulder, and a head at least part of which is radially enlarged with respect to the stem. The nut stem is internally threaded such that when the nut stem is pulled axially, the shoulder presses against the sleeve and thereby expands the sleeve against a hole. There does not appear to be disclosure of the nut stem including a conical or tapered surface that presses against the sleeve. Further, the installation gun does not appear to include releasably secured and interchangeable end pieces. 
         [0006]    Accordingly, it is desirable to provide an insert and sealing system that allows for easier installation and manufacturing. It is further desirable to provide an insert and sealing system that provides for repeatable installation of the plug in holes. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to provide an insert that can be installed without a stem. 
         [0008]    It is yet another object of the present invention to provide an installation device that aids in the installation of the insert. 
         [0009]    It is still another object of the present invention to provide a method for installing an insert using the installation device. 
         [0010]    It is still another object of the present invention to provide a kit for installing a plurality of inserts in one or more holes. 
         [0011]    It is still another object of the present invention to provide an insert that can withstand high pressures typically found in hydraulic manifolds. 
         [0012]    These and other objects are achieved by providing an insert with a tapered core and a cylinder. The core releasably secures to an installation device. The installation device includes a depth stop or a depth control to control the installation depth of the insert. The insert may be installed in a tray that allows for easier handling of the inserts and installation thereof. In some cases, the core includes a threaded hole to releasably secure the insert to the installation device. 
         [0013]    In one aspect, a system for sealing a hole is provided and includes an installation device having a drive. An end piece may be coupled to the installation device and the end piece may include a bore and a distal surface wherein a dimension of the distal surface is larger than a dimension of the hole. A pull-rod may be coupled to the drive. The pull-rod may further pass through the bore and have a threaded end. An insert including a cylindrical sleeve and a core has a threaded hole. The pull-rod is threaded into the threaded hole and the pull-rod is retracted by the drive to pull the core into the cylindrical sleeve thereby radially expanding the cylindrical sleeve against the hole. 
         [0014]    In another aspect, an insert includes a core having a height and a tapered outer wall. A threaded hole is located in a first end of the core, a depth of the threaded hole is less than the height. A cylindrical metallic sleeve has an inner diameter. The cylindrical metallic sleeve is in contact with and surrounds at least part of the core. A second end of the core has an outer diameter larger than the inner diameter. 
         [0015]    In still another aspect a device is provided for installing an insert in a hole. The device includes an end piece having a first bore. A pull-rod has a distal threaded end passing through the first bore. A first coupler has a second bore and a first stop. The first stop interacts with a proximal end of the pull rod to prevent the pull-rod from passing all the way through the second bore. An axial drive is secured to the first coupler. The axial drive moves the pull-rod in an axial direction. 
         [0016]    In still another aspect a method is provided for sealing a hole. The method may include the steps of: Providing an insert with a metallic core defining a first axis and having a tapered wall and a central void, the insert further including a cylindrical metallic sleeve having a central bore defining a second axis where the metallic core is press-fit into the cylindrical metallic sleeve and the first and second axes align; Coupling a pull-rod of an installation device to the central void; Inserting the insert into an installation hole so that a distal surface of the installation device contacts a surface adjacent to the installation hole; Retracting the pull-rod so that the metallic core is pulled into the cylindrical metallic sleeve to radially expand the cylindrical metallic sleeve against a surface of the installation hole. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0017]      FIG. 1A  is a perspective view of an exemplary insert. 
           [0018]      FIG. 1B  is an exploded view of the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0019]      FIG. 1C  is an exploded sectional view along section line  1   c - 1   c  of the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0020]      FIG. 1D  is a side sectional view along section line  1   c - 1   c  of the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0021]      FIGS. 2A-2D  are exemplary views of an insert similar to  FIG. 1A  being installed in a hole. 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  is a sectional view of the insert of  FIG. 1A  being threaded onto an installation machine. 
           [0023]      FIG. 4A  is a perspective view of a tray holding multiple inserts of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0024]      FIG. 4B  is a side partial cutaway view of the tray of  FIG. 4A . 
           [0025]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view of the installation machine used to install the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0026]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view of a partially dis-assembled installation machine used to install the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0027]      FIG. 7A  is a side exploded view of the installation machine used to install the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0028]      FIG. 7B  is an alternate embodiment of the end piece of the machine used to install the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0029]      FIG. 7C  is a side view of the casing that covers the assembly of  FIG. 7A . 
           [0030]      FIG. 8  shows an alternate embodiment of the insert of  FIG. 1A . 
           [0031]      FIG. 9  shows how the position of the end piece of the machine used to install the insert of  FIG. 1A  can be adjusted. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0032]    In  FIG. 1A-D , the insert  1  has two sections. As shown, core  3  has a tapered wall  2  and an upper cylindrical section  7 . In some embodiments, the tapered section will extend from the top of the core towards the bottom. In some cases, a rounded section is disposed at the top of the core and the taper extends at the end of the rounded section. Cylindrical sleeve  5  has an outer surface which may include ridges or rings  6 . The ridges may interact with an installation hole in order to better secure or seal the plug to the hole. Although ridges are shown, it is understood that other textures can be used on the outside of the plug. In the illustrated embodiment, the series of rings provide both additional resistance and friction against the inside of the installation hole. The rings can further act as flow stops that can help to prevent leakage through the installation hole when the insert is installed in the installation hole as fluid would need to pass beyond each of the ridges. Therefore, inconsistencies and surface irregularities in the hole can be taken into account by the ridges. The rings may further provide added resistance to blow out. 
         [0033]    Cylindrical sleeve  5  has a top surface  12  and has a void  10  passing through the cylindrical sleeve  5 . Core  3  inserts into the void  10  at one end. In the illustrated embodiment of  FIGS. 1A-1D , cylindrical section  7  of the core  3  is press fit into the lower end of sleeve  5 . The tolerances between the diameter of the void  10  and the diameter of the cylindrical section  7  allow the cylindrical sleeve  5  to retain the core  3  to create an assembled insert as shown in  FIG. 1D  and  FIG. 1A . The core  3  has a hole  14  that can releasably secure to an installation device. As shown in  FIG. 1C  and  FIG. 1D , the hole  14  is threaded in order to provide the releasable securing. It is also contemplated that the hole  14  can include various structures that provide for releasable securing of the plug. For example, the hole may have a groove cut out there from that can interact with a catch that can extend or retract from the installation device. As one example, the hole  14  may include a first section with a first diameter and a second section with a second diameter disposed below the first section of the hole  14 . A catch can interact with the second section or the downward facing surface defined between the first and second sections. 
         [0034]    As further shown, the bottom  16  of core  3  is solid and the hole  14  does not pass all the way through the core  3 . It is contemplated that certain applications for the plug may include the hole  14  extending all the way through core  3 . As one example, hydraulic lines may be installed in an insert having a hole extending all the way through the core. In some cases, the threads used to install hydraulic or other lines may become damaged. Rather than replacing the entire manifold, the threaded hole of the manifold can be bored out and an insert can be inserted inside the bored out hole. When the threads pass all the way through the core  3 , the insert can be used to repair threads for hydraulic lines. 
         [0035]    Proximate to bottom section  18 , a lip may be located within cylindrical sleeve  5 . Further core  3  may include a corresponding lip close to the top of the tapered section or cylindrical section  7 . These two lips can interact to prevent or resist the possibility that core  3  can be extracted from cylindrical sleeve  5 . 
         [0036]    In  FIGS. 2A-2D  the insert  1  is shown being installed in installation hole  32 . The pull-rod  20  is inserted into the insert to contact the threaded hole. In one embodiment, pressure on the pull-rod activates a switch to cause rotation of the pull-rod, thereby threading the pull-rod into the insert  1 . In  FIG. 2B , the insert is shown threaded onto the pull-rod  20 . The top surface of the insert sleeve  5  is in contact with distal surface  22  of the installation device. The diameter of the hole  34  is smaller than the diameter or size  23  of the distal surface. As shown in  FIG. 2C , when the insert is inserted into the hole  32 , part of the distal surface  22  rests on the surface  36  that is adjacent to hole  32 , thereby controlling the installation depth of the insert. From  FIGS. 2   c  to  2   d , pull-rod  20  is retracted into the installation device thereby radially expanding the insert against the wall of the hole. The pull-rod then extends and rotates out of the insert, leaving the insert installed in the hole  32 . 
         [0037]    In one embodiment, the core and sleeve of the insert are made of a metallic material, in some cases a steel or aluminum alloy can be used. In some embodiments, the insert can be design to resist blow out for pressures of 40,000 psi. The insert shown in  FIGS. 2A-2D  is shown in more detail in  FIG. 9 . As can be seen, top lip  11  provides an additional sealing function where the top surface of the core presses against lip  11  to provide additional leakage resistance. 
         [0038]    The core and cylinder are sized so that the core can be press-fit into the cylinder. The taper angle of the core is designed to provide sufficient radial expansion without being so large as to progressively force the core out of the cylinder. Too large of an angle could result on too high of a resultant downward force between the cylinder and core which could force the core out of the cylinder over time. Therefore, the taper angle may be as large as 10°. Preferably, the angle is in the range of 5°-6°. The outer dimension of the sleeve and the inner dimension of the hole are typically also within close tolerances so that the radial expansion of the sleeve is sufficient to seal the hole. For example, the outer diameter of the sleeve may be 0″ to 0.004″ smaller than the diameter of the hole (diameter difference). It is understood that larger differences in diameter between the sleeve and the hole could still seal the hole, but may result in a lower blow out pressure. In addition, the ridges or ribs that protrude from the sleeve can provide additional guards for sealing the hole. It is understood that the ribs may be created by removal of material from the sleeve in channels to create the ribs or ridges that are raised with respect to the channel. These ribs or ridges can account for 0-20% of the outer diameter of the sleeve and more preferably 15-20% of the outer diameter of the sleeve. In some cases, the ridges can protrude 0.004-0.008″ and preferably 0.006″. Therefore, the ratio of ridge protrusion to diameter difference may be approximately 1:1-1:2 and preferably 1:1.5. The cylinder and core are typically made of relatively hard materials, for example steels. In some cases, the hardness may be measured as Re20 on the Rockwell hardness scale. In some cases the hardness of the rings or ridges may be increased so that the ridges are forced into the surface of the installation hole, thus providing added sealing and resistance to leakage. It is understood that the specific dimensional characteristics described herein are exemplary only and not limiting in scope. 
         [0039]    In  FIG. 3 , the installation device is shown with the pull-rod  20  placed against the insert  1 . The insert  1  is located in a tray  40 . Upon exerting pressure against the insert, pull-rod  20  retracts slightly to activate switch  44 . Upon activation of the switch, pull-rod  20  rotates to thread the insert onto the pull-rod. Once the insert is threaded onto the rod, the insert can be installed in the hole as shown in  FIGS. 2A-2D . 
         [0040]    It is understood that the installation device can also be a robotic or other mechanical arm that is computer or electronically controlled. For example, on an assembly line. In  FIG. 4A and 4B , a tray  40  has holes  42  disposed in a known pattern so that the installation device can pick up an insert by threading the pull-rod into the core. Therefore, the tray can come with a plurality of inserts pre-installed therein. In addition, one or more reference marks can be found on the insert tray in order to calibrate the location of the inserts. The inserts are pressed into the holes  42  so that part of the wall  41  contacts the insert. As shown in  FIG. 4B , the wall contacts the bottom section of the core. It is understood that the tray can be designed to contact the sleeve or both the sleeve and core. In one embodiment, the torque exerted on the insert when the pull-rod  20  is threaded into the insert is less than the force exerted on the insert by contact with the tray  40 . This force allows the pull-rod  20  to rotate without causing the insert to rotate within the hole  42 . Thus allowing the insert to be connected to the pull-rod  20  without a human holding the insert. The tray further allows robotic installation systems to easily pick up inserts on assembly lines. 
         [0041]    In  FIG. 5 , an example of a hand-held installation device is shown. End piece  50  can be rotated to adjust the amount of the pull-rod extending from the end of the installation device  21 . Casing  52  is shown, and the pull-rod retracts and rotates within this casing. Trigger  54  can be depressed to activate a retraction mechanism to pull the pull-rod into the casing in order to pull the core into the sleeve. Adjustment wheel  58  can be rotated to adjust the length of the pull stroke. The installation device  21  as shown is pneumatically activated. Connection  56  receives pneumatic supply lines that feed pressurized air to the installation device  21 . 
         [0042]    In  FIG. 6 , the casing  52  is removed and the internal couplings  60  of the installation device are shown. Pull-rod  20  as shown is a bolt with a threaded portion. The pull-rod is held by a first coupler  62  which is secured to the gun by a second coupler  61 . Interlocking rod  70  and recess  69  prevent the second coupler  61  from rotating. The interlocking rod  70  can be spring loaded and retractable along the axis of the pull-rod so that the interlocking rod  70  can be retracted to allow the second coupler  61  to be rotated. 
         [0043]    In  FIG. 7A , pull rod  20  includes a head with a hex recess  66 . Hex protrusion  65  extends from a rotation coupler  64 . The rotation coupler is inserted into hex hole  67  and spring  68  allows for the rotation coupler  64  to move back and forth. When pressed into the hole  67 , coupler  64  activates switch  44  shown in  FIG. 3  to cause rotation of the pull-rod. First coupler  62  has the pull-rod inserted therein, and the head of the bolt interacts with an internal surface of the first coupler  62  to provide an insertion stop. The insertion stop likewise exerts pressure on the underside of the head when coupling assembly  60  is retracted to radially expand the metallic sleeve of the insert. Second coupler  61  also includes a stop  75 , recesses  69  and threads  73 . The stop of the second coupler exerts pressure on the underside of the first coupler  62  when the coupling assembly is retracted. The female threads  73  interlock with male threads  71  of the retracting member  74 . As previously discussed, rod  70  and recess  69  interact to secure the second coupler to the retracting member  74  to complete the coupling assembly  60 . Sleeve  52  is hollow and extends over the coupling assembly  60  with threads  24  securing to threads  72 .  FIG. 7C  shows the casing  52 , which is installed over the assembly of  FIG. 7A . 
         [0044]    In  FIG. 7B , an alternate end piece  500  is shown with a distal extension  502  extending from the end piece  500 . This distal extension has a diameter smaller than the size of the installation hole, but large enough so that the distal surface of the distal extension  502  contacts top surface  12  of the insert. The length of the distal extension  502  controls the installation depth of the insert as distal surface  22  of the alternate end piece  500  contacts the outer surface  36  of the installation hole. 
         [0045]    In  FIG. 8 , the alternate embodiment of an insert is shown with a curved section  11  that mates with a corresponding curved section of the core when the core is pulled into the cylinder during installation. In  FIG. 9 , adjustment of the end piece  50  is shown. Rotation of the end piece  90  causes the end piece to extend or retract, thus adjusting how much of the pull-rod  20  extends past the distal surface  22 . 
         [0046]    Sealing is obtained by the expansion of the insert against the hole which may be in a manifold. Further, the depth the tapered section is pulled into the cylindrical section may be predetermined and repeatable regardless of hole size based on a pull setting of the installation device. The depth of pull can also be controlled by a force sensor or a control system. For example, upon reaching a certain pull force, the installation device may stop pulling on the insert and proceed to release the insert from the end piece. The pre-determined pull force may be set based on hole size, insert size or other criteria related to the installation of the plug in the hole. The insert when installed withstands high pressures commonly found in hydraulic manifolds and systems. For example, some embodiments of the inserts shown and described herein can withstand pressures up to and in excess of 40,000 PSI. 
         [0047]    Although generally round inserts have been shown, it is understood that the geometry of the plug can change in order to interact with the hole to be sealed. It is further understood that various types of drives may be employed with the installation device, for example hydraulic or electric motor drives can be employed. 
         [0048]    Although the invention has been described with reference to a particular arrangement of parts, features and the like, these are not intended to exhaust all possible arrangements or features, and indeed many other modifications and variations will be ascertainable to those of skill in the art.