Abstract:
The present invention is for a system of adding weight to a gravity powered car in which the weight fits within the wheel void of a plastic, injection molded wheel commonly used for Pinewood Derby Cars, or other gravity powered cars. The weight may be made from materials not limited to tungsten, lead, steel, brass, ceramic, glass, or plastic, etc. The invention is to use the space within the wheel void for the purpose of placing weight. This is done by affixing said weight to the body of the car by means not limited to adhesives or fasteners such as bolts, screws, nails, staples and the like. The weight occupies the space within the void of the rear wheels. Cantilevered off the body of the car, these side-weights never touch the wheels or axles of the car.

Description:
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims priority from co-pending U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/094,268, filed Dec. 19, 2014, entitled “Model Car Weight System” the application of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    A. Field of Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention is in the field of gravity powered model cars, more particularly, new ways to increase and or distribute weight for the purpose of enhancing the cars performance. 
         [0004]    B. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    Pinewood Derby type cars are well-known to be used for teaching craft and social skills to various people, including but not limited to youth groups. In a typical youth group scenario challenge, a couple consisting of a child and adult are provided with a kit that contains a block of wood measuring about 1.75 in×7 in×1.25 in, four (4) plastic injection molded wheels having about 1.18 in diameter, and four (4) nails and or fasteners to be used as axles. In practice, the couple is challenged to fashion and or carve the block of wood into a body of a car and adorn it for a gravity powered race down a track, against the other like competitors. The track starts about 48 in off the ground at a decline of about 27 degrees. The track will typically have a curved transition after which it will run flat for about 35 ft. 
         [0006]    The rules that control the aforementioned challenge typically requires the overall weight of a car to be equal to or less than about 5 oz. As a result, during the process of building a car, dense material is sometimes used to achieve maximum speed of a car, based on the maximum weight allowed. In particular, the addition of weight such as in the form of tungsten, lead, steel, zinc, glass, ceramic, plastic and or like material of varying densities, increases the potential energy of the car. 
         [0007]    It is well-known that the further back on the car the weight is placed, the more potential energy is available. As a result, builders aiming to give their car the maximum amount of potential energy will typically place weight behind the rear axles. In order to off-set any instability as a result of said weight, additional weight is also added in front of the rear axles, which, for example, prevents a car from oscillating side to side down the track. In this sense, a well-built car according to what is currently known and as subject to the aforementioned restrictions, will typically have about 2 oz of additional weight in the form of cubes behind the rear axles and 2 oz in front of the rear axles. All in all, a total of about 24 cubes of additional weight (of about 0.16 oz each) sit in cavities about the rear axles—cavities of which the builder has carved into the body of the car. 
         [0008]    While the current known distribution of weight allows for a stable car that preserves energy, the setup does not allow a car to maximize its potential based on the aspects of the model which can be utilized. Accordingly, there is a need in the art of Pinewood Derby type cars to introduce a new weight distribution system that provides for maximum potential. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    The present invention is a new weight distribution system that consists of a weight which is shaped and designed to fit within a wheel void. The weight may be made from any material shaped and sized to fit within said void, and for purposes of this invention includes those materials not limited to tungsten, lead, steel, brass, ceramic, glass, or plastic as these are capable of fitting within the void and provide a suitable weight. Because the weight is contained within a void about the side of the car body, the weight is referred to herein as a side-weight. According to the disclosure herein, the weight does not touch the interior of the wheel, but is affixed to the body of the car. 
         [0010]    Each side-weight may be directly connected and or affixed to the side of the car body by means that include an adhesive, screws, staples and the like. An alignment tool is used when affixing the weight to the car body to ensure that there is clearance between the inner hub and the weight, as well as the under tread and the weight. This will allow the wheel to spin freely around the weight in a normal manner and not contact with the weight. 
         [0011]    As discussed herein, the invention utilizes the space available within the wheel (that is of a similar form and style as wheels currently being used by the Boy Scouts of America, or other plastic wheels used for gravity races) for the purpose of maximizing the placement and effectiveness of the additional weight allowance. As to be shown in this disclosure, the inventor has discovered that the weight distribution maximizes the potential of the car and improves stability thereof. 
         [0012]    Builders have avoided using the space inside the wheel void of these injection molded wheels for at least two reasons:
       It was commonly thought that the current practice of adding weight as close to the centerline of a car preserve more energy than adding weight on the side of the car (as this would destabilize the car as it gained momentum because side-weights far from the centerline increase rotational moment from side to side).   Another reason that side-weights have not been developed before is that it would require considerable skill to create a weight and a means of aligning this type of weight so that it would fit inside the void while not contacting or dragging on any part of the wheel when rotating, albeit the inside of the wheel and or any portion thereof that faces the car.       
 
         [0015]    Additionally, it has been discovered that by filling the void, aerodynamics of the car is improved by preventing lag which was caused by air entering the void when the car is moving. The air passing by the wheel is prevented from entering the wheel void and dragging on the wheel. 
         [0016]    Using the side weighting system in conjunction with tungsten cubes and traditional weight cavities it is possible to add more weight behind the rear axle line of a gravity powered car than is possible without side-weights. Without using the space within the wheel voids for weight, there is not enough physical space without adding to the car&#39;s frontal profile of the car. 
         [0017]    The reason that expert builders typically place 2 oz of tungsten behind the rear axle line of a car is because that is all the weight that can physically fit in that space without drawbacks occurring in preserving that energy. If the builder stacks tungsten higher than the height of the 0.25 in tungsten cubes behind the rear axles in an effort to increase the potential energy, then the additional aerodynamic drag created by increasing the frontal profile of the car will cost energy. If the builder moves the rear wheels forward to create more space to fit greater than 2 oz of tungsten with a thin frontal profile, then this will spread the weight out over a greater distance forward to back on the car. While this setup will keep the aero profile thin and keep the aerodynamic drag low, the weight spread in this manner increases the rotational moment of the car at the transition of the track which costs energy. 
         [0018]    Using side weights as disclosed herein, a builder has the improved ability to fit 3.5 oz of tungsten (or other weighted material) behind the rear axle line of a gravity powered car, while having a ¼ in frontal profile on the body, and the wheels as far back on the car as possible, simultaneously making the car more aerodynamic. Side weights allow for more preservable potential energy than the other currently known weighting systems. 
         [0019]    The side-weighting system focuses much of the car&#39;s mass directly around the rear axles. This allows a gravity powered car to lose less energy through the transition of a track because the car has a decreased rotational moment from front to back of the car over a car that spreads the weight forward of the cavities. 
         [0020]    Side-weights allow a builder to fit up to 2.6 oz of weight within the wheel void of an injection molded wheel leaving only 1.4 oz to fit within the traditional cavities that are normally carved into a car body and used to hold 4 oz of weight. Side-weights allow the builder more design freedom as these cavities can now be made smaller, avoided, or used to shift weight in an effort to bias the car&#39;s weight from left to right. 
         [0021]    The side-weights will also be useful for builders of moderate skill as the traditional weight cavities will not need to be made so delicate, or not made at all if the car body is made heavier than an expert would build it. In some cases the inexperienced builder may only need to add 3 oz of weight in order to bring the car up to the maximum allowable weight of 5 oz. In this case the side-weights may be the only weight that needs to be added to the car and so it will not be necessary to carve cavities or add weight in any other manner. 
         [0022]    The builder of a gravity powered car will often want to tune their car by shifting small amounts of weight from left to right, or in front of or behind the axle line. Doing this allows the builder to figure out the best balance between maximizing the potential energy of the car (shifting weight behind the axle line), and creating a more stable, energy preserving car (shifting weight in front of the rear axle line). 
         [0023]    During a tuning session this same shifting of weight takes place from left to right on the car. By utilizing the side weight system a builder has much more space left available to shift the remaining weight needed to bring the car up to the 5 oz maximum weight, without adding to the frontal profile of the car. 
         [0024]    An embodiment of the side weighting system is in a donut shape with an outer diameter of 0.98 in and an inner diameter of 0.32 in. This donut shape will be approximately 0.2 in thick and made of tungsten for example, but other weighted materials are within the scope provided herein. In an embodiment, a recess may be cut into the lower hemisphere of this weight so that the weight will not drag on the guide rail (a common part on many gravity powered race tracks). As a result, the donut shape uses the maximum space allowed within the wheel void (while maintaining clearance on the under tread and the inner hub) and also blocking off the maximum amount of the wheel void from the potential for aerodynamic drag. 
         [0025]    Another embodiment of the side weight would require some of the interior of the wheel to be visible. Prior to racing a car in a competition the car will have to pass inspection by judges. Some contests require that writing on the inside face of the wheel be visible before the car is allowed to race. A slot or viewing window will be required in the weight in order to race in these events. This slot or window will allow the judge to spin the wheel until the writing inside the wheel void is clearly visible. Accordingly a crescent or horseshoe shaped weighted material may be used for a side weight to fulfill these requirements. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0026]    The invention may take physical form in certain parts and arrangement of parts, some embodiments of which will be described in the specification and illustrated in accompanying drawings which form a part hereof, wherein, when referring to the drawings, the inventor identifies the following components thereto, 
           [0027]      FIG. 1 a    is an exploded view showing how a side weight and an injection molded wheel. 
           [0028]      FIG. 1 b    is a perspective view showing a side-weight within a wheel void 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  shows an exploded view of a traditional gravity powered model car 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  is an exploded view of a gravity powered model car with a side-weighting system. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  is an exploded view of a gravity powered model car showing side-weights affixed to the body of said car according to the instant invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view showing a fully assembled gravity powered model car with side-weights attached sitting on a Pinewood Derby track. 
           [0033]      FIG. 6  is a side view of a gravity powered model car on a typical track as considered herein. 
           [0034]      FIG. 7  is a sectional view through the horizontal cutting plane  29  of a gravity powered car. 
           [0035]      FIG. 8  is a vertical cross sectional view through the rear axle plane  28  as seen in  FIG. 7 . 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0036]      FIG. 1 a    is an exploded view showing how a side-weight  1  according to the instant invention fits within a void  4  obviated within a typical injection molded model car wheel  3  when connected to a car body  6 . The figure also shows wheel bore  2  which the axle  10  is inserted through to connect the wheel to the car body  6 . Mounting holes  21  are shown in this embodiment of the weight  1 . These holes will go clear through the weight so that screws or bolts  28  may be used to affix the weight  1  to the side of a body of a gravity powered car  6  as shown in  FIG. 4 . Using an alignment tool to aid in attaching the side-weight  1  to the body  6  one can have sufficient clearance between the under tread  22  and the side-weights outer edge and or diameter  26 . There also needs to be clearance between the inner hub  16  and the inner diameter  27  of the side-weight  1 . A recess  24  is shown in this embodiment of the side-weight  1 . This recess  24  on the lower hemisphere of the weight  1  ensures that the lower hemisphere of the side-weight fits entirely inside the wheel void  4  thereby ensuring that the side-weight  1  will not drag on a guide rail  8  (as shown in  FIG. 5 ) which are common on many gravity powered race tracks  9 . 
         [0037]      FIG. 1 b    shows an embodiment of how a side-weight  1  may be disposed in a void  4 . The shape of the weight is not limited to circular as shown in  FIG. 1 a    and is considered within the scope of the invention for the weight to be sized for example as a horseshoe, an octagon, or other for reasons as disclosed herein. As disclosed an adhesive  23  can be used as a method of attaching the side-weight  1  directly to the body  6  of a gravity powered car  5 .  FIG. 1 b    further shows how the lower hemisphere of the weight  1  is recessed and or etched  24  so that it does not protrude beyond the inner edge  25  of the wheel. This drawing also shows that there is clearance between the outer diameter and or edge  26  of weight  1  and the under tread  22 , and the weight  1  inner diameter  27  does not touch the inner hub  16  of wheel  3 . 
         [0038]      FIG. 2  shows an exploded view of a typical gravity powered model car  5  partially assembled wherein the currently known and or traditional weighting system is used.  FIG. 3  shows cavities  12  which are carved into the rear of car  6 . Tungsten cubes  13  are placed within these cavities  12  to bring the car to the maximum allowable weight. Two (2) rows of six (6) tungsten cubes  13  are squeezed behind the rear axle-line  7 . Typically, each cube  13  measures 0.25 in×0.25×0.25. There are also two (2) rows of six (6) cubes  13  placed inside cavities  12  directly in front and behind rear axle-line  7  (as identified in  FIG. 5 ). The arrow  18  provided in the figures indicates the direction of travel  18 . Carving cavities  12  into the body  6  is often considered one of the more difficult aspects of making a car. The axle  10  goes through the wheel bore  2  of a typical wheel and is inserted into the axle hole  25 . The axle hole  25  is a hole drilled into the body  6 . The axle  10  with wheel  3  is inserted into the axle hole  25  but not pressed into the axle hole  25  so far as to not let the wheel  3  spin. 
         [0039]      FIG. 3  shows an exploded view of a gravity powered model car with the side-weight system. The axle  10  is a nail that goes through the wheel bore  2 , and inserted into the body  6  of car  5 . The wheel  3  can spin freely upon this fixed axle  10  and around and inside the side-weight  1 . The wheel  3  is typically an injection molded piece of polystyrene that has a void  4 . Some of these wheels are made by the brand names Boys Scouts of America (BSA)  3 , Pinecar and Maximum Velocity, etc. They are commonly made to measure approximately 1.18 in based on the diameter. The side-weights  1  can be made from tungsten or lead and also other materials such as steel, brass, molybdenum, ceramic, glass, plastic, etc. In this drawing a version of the side weights  1  the car  5  by means of using an adhesive  23 . It is necessary to attach the side-weights  1  so that there is clearance between the outer diameter  26  and the under tread  22  as well as clearance between the inner diameter  27  of the weight and the inner hub  16  as can be seen in  FIG. 1   b.    
         [0040]    The weight cavities  12  are now left largely vacant to be used to shift tungsten cubes  13  or other weighted material left to right on the car  5  inside the cavities  12 . As few as  9  tungsten cubes  13  may be needed to bring the car to the maximum 5 oz limit. This leaves a lot of space within the cavities  12  to move these tungsten cubes  13  as the cavities  12  will normally fit  24  cubes  13 . 
         [0041]    Traditionally builders have moved weight forward of the cavities  12  in order to bias the weight of the car  5  from left to right. This gives up some of the potential energy of the car as the weight starts lower off the ground as it sits on a track  9  at the start of the race. The arrow  18  is used to show the direction of travel of the car. 
         [0042]      FIG. 4  shows an exploded view of a car using the side-weight  1  system. In this drawing the side-weights  1  are attached to the wood body  6  of the car by means of clearance holes  21  through the weights, and screws  28  that hold the side-weight  1  firmly to the car  5 . Adhesive  23  is an alternate method of attaching the side-weight  1  to the body  6 . Using a tool (not shown) to align the wheel  3  with the side-weight  1  the inner hub  16  of the wheel and the inner diameter  27  of the side-weight  1  will not contact each other. Similarly, the outer diameter  26  of the weight  1  will not make contact with the under tread  22  of the wheel  3 . 
         [0043]      FIG. 5  is a perspective view showing a fully assembled gravity powered model car  5  with side-weights  1  attached sitting on a Pinewood Derby track  8 . The guide rail  8  is the means by which car  5  is able to keep in a relatively straight line, and also keep it from colliding with other cars, or flying off track  9 . This side-weight system allows for many benefits compared to traditional weighting methods. 
         [0044]    In this drawing a portion of a track  9  and a guide rail  8  is shown. The wheels  3  of a car straddle the guide rail  8  on a track  9  and keep the car from colliding with other cars and keep the car  5  from flying off the track  9 .
       A car fitted with side-weights  1  has a lower rotational moment from front to back over traditional weighting methods, which allows it to preserve more energy as it passes through transition  14 .   The moment of inertia of a car fitted with side-weights  1  is increased from side to side over traditional methods which keeps it from rocking back and forth on its rear wheels  3 , preserving energy.   With side-weights  1  inside the wheel voids  4 , it is much easier to fit 2 oz of weight behind the rear axle-line  7  while keeping a slim profile  17 .   In an embodiment of the invention 2.6 oz of the 4 oz that need to be added to the body  6  can fit within the wheel voids  4  of a wheel  3 . This allows the builder more design freedom as the weight  1  is attached only to the side of the body  6  of the car  5  and is not touching the wheels  3 .   The side-weights  1  largely close off the wheel void  4  from air traveling past the car as it travels down the track  9 . These side weights must maintain clearance space and never make contact with the wheel  3  or axle  10 .       
 
         [0050]      FIG. 6  shows a side view of a gravity powered model car  5  on the transition  14  of track  9  with an incline that reaches 48 in high (not pictured). The radius of the transition  14  is often 48 in. The straight portion  9  before the transition  14  is about 7 ft long. The flat portion  16  after the transition  14  is about 35 ft long. The arrow provided in the figure indicates the car&#39;s direction of travel  18 . 
         [0051]    Using the side-weight system a builder is able to fit 2.6 oz of weight encircling the rear axles  10 . This setup allows the builder to keep the weight tightly focused along the axle line  7   FIG. 5  which creates a decreased moment of inertia at the transition  14  of a typical track  9 . 
         [0052]      FIG. 7  is a sectional view through the horizontal cutting plane  29 , as seen in  FIG. 8 , of a gravity powered car  5 . From this cross sectional view one can see the way that side-weights attach to the wood body  6  of a gravity powered car  5  without touching any part of the wheel  3  or the axle  10 . 
         [0053]    Adhesive  23  is applied between the body  5  and side-weight  1  so that the weight  1 , occupies the wheel void  4  while maintaining a clearance on the inside of the wheel  3 . Weight pockets  12  are also shown in this section view. A builder has this amount of room to shift tungsten cubes  13  to tune the car  6  and bring the car  6  to the maximum allowable weight. 
         [0054]    Normally these cavities  12  would be completely filled with tungsten cubes  13  but now the builder has some room to play with as the car  5  is near maximum weight with less than half of the cavities  12  filled with tungsten cubes  13 . The direction of the car  18  is indicated in this drawing. 
         [0055]      FIG. 8  is a vertical cross sectional view through the rear axle plane  28  as seen in  FIG. 7 . In this view one also see the cross section of a track  9  and guide rail  8 . The means of attaching the side-weight  1  to the body  6  is shown by means of an adhesive  23 . From this vantage point one can see the reason why a recess  24  may be necessary in most embodiments of the invention. The side-weight  1  should not protrude beyond the inner edge  25  of the wheel  3  on the lower hemisphere, or it may contact the guide rail  8  during a race. 
         [0056]    While the foregoing disclosure of the invention enables one of ordinary skill to make and use this invention, those of ordinary skill will understand and appreciate the existence of variations, combinations, and equivalents of the specific embodiment, method, and examples herein. The invention should therefore not be limited by the above described embodiment, method, and examples, but by all embodiments and methods within the scope and spirit of the invention as claimed.