Abstract:
A process for providing nutrient material for banana and plantain plants, comprising providing a slow release implant containing a banana and plantain nutrient material and implanting the implant into banana or plantain plants whereby the nutrient is slowly released into the plant over a period of time.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to the method of providing nutrients to and controlling fungal infections of banana and plantain plants by implanting a slow release implant containing nutrients and fungicides into the banana and plantain plants. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Plantain and banana plants are pseudo stems and really are the leaves of the plant and consist of mostly cells with high content of water matter which take the nutrients from the roots and the rhizome under ground to the leaves for photosynthesis and growth and then translocates these carbohydrates and nutrients to the fruit. When the fruit is mature the nutrients left over are then translocated to the young (sucker) offspring again via the rhizome. 
     Nutrients for the growth and production of fruits are conventionally obtained from the soil, whether applied as fertilizers manually or from soil inherent fertility. 
     When fertilizers are applied to the ground up to 80% of these applied nutrients can be locked up in the soil and made insoluble or unavailable. The cost to the producer because of this drastic reduction of available nutrients of these applied fertilizers is high and has been accepted as inevitable cost of producing the fruits. 
     Recently liquid forms of nutrients have been injected into the pseudo stem of the banana or Plantain plant to supplement the soil-applied nutrients. There is a problem with this method. 
     Since the banana plantain is grown in high rainfall tropical areas around the world, the pseudo stem has a high aquatic pressure within the extra cell structure, that wherever liquid fertilizers are injected into the pseudo stem, significant portion of this injected material is expelled out of the pseudo stem through the injected opening. There is a need to find a method to introduce nutrients into this high aquatic system on a continuous basis inside the pseudo stem without having it excreted out and therefore having to inject these nutrients into the pseudo stem very frequently at high labor costs. 
     Conventionally, fungicides to control fungal disease prevalent in bananas and plantains have to be sprayed by airplanes, frequently, from once every month to once every week. 
     Of this applied pesticides, a significant portion is lost to drift, falling on the ground or washing off by the high rainfall in the tropical countries where bananas are grown. Therefore only a small percentage of the sprayed fungicide actually goes into the banana or plantain plant. 
     Besides the environmental impact of these aerially applied pesticides, workers in the banana plantation are also exposed to these aerially applied chemicals. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     An object of this invention is to provide a novel method of providing nutrients and for controlling pathogens infecting banana and plantain plants by implanting a slow release implant containing nutrients and/or pesticides and fungicides into banana and plantain plants. Nutrients and/or pathogen controlling substances are slowly released into the banana or plantain plants over a period of time thereby obviating the need to fertilize and/or apply a pathogen controlling substance to the banana and plantain plants being treated. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The novel method involves the introduction into these pseudo stem or the rhizome of the banana or plantain plant an implant with nutrients that can be solubilized slowly by the aqueous material of these plants and taken up to the leaves and or down the rhizome and supplement the nutrients that is being taken up by the roots of these plants. 
     These implants can be of various designs that will be elaborated below. 
     These implants can have plant growth regulators or nutrients or pesticide to systemically increase the resisting ability of these plants against fungal or insect infections. 
     The implants can be bare sticks that are composed of pesticides and or various macro and micronutrients and or plant growth regulators and or vitamins bound together by a polymer or some other adhesive material. 
     Implants can be plastic or similar material either porous or semi permeable packed with dry or gel nutrients or pesticides or growth regulators. 
     Implants can be soluble get capsules with liquid nutrients and or pesticides or plant growth regulators. 
     Implants can be, also a flexible fiber with nutrients and or pesticides attached to the fiber that can be introduced into the pseudo stem. 
     Implants can be pellets that can be implanted or shot into pseudo stem by a propellant mechanism. 
     The opening entry to the pseudo stem can also be closed to the outside, after insertion of an implant with a sealant, stopper or bandage. 
     Implants clan be nutrients and or pesticides in a slow release gel that can be placed inside the pseudo stem by an injectable needle with a piston. 
     The nutrient material for the banana and plantain plants may include conventional nutrient products, 20-20-20 formulation (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium) or, nitrogen, phosphorus or potassium may be used alone. Various combinations of nitrogen, phosphorus,,potassium, calcium, magnesium, zinc, manganese, iron, molybdenum, copper, sulfur and boron may be used in the nutrient implant. 
     The implant may also include a growth regulator including the commercial growth regulators Cytokinin, Gibberellins, and Auxins. The growth regulators may be used alone or in combination with the nutrients. 
     The implants may also include systemic pesticides for controlling fungi, insects or nematodes. Commercial systemic pesticides which are preferably used include Calixin, Baycor, Seco, Indar and Bankit. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Nutrients applied by ground around the dozen banana mats at 10 grams per plant and dry implant nutrient sticks were inserted into the pseudo stem of a dozen banana plants that were three months old. These plants were new plantings (i.e. first generation). The amount of nutrients applied by implants was 1 gram per plant with a 20-20-20 formulation. The nutrients applied on the ground were 10 gram of a 20-20-20 formulation (20% nitrogen, 20% phosphate, 20% potassium). 
     Leaf analysis was taken before all 2-dozen plants before applying the nutrients and 2 weeks after applying the nutrients. 
     The average results of the tissue analysis are shown in Table 1. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 1 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Before 
                 2 Weeks after 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 N 
                 P 
                 K 
                 N 
                 P 
                 K 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 Soil Applied 
                 2.6 
                 0.76 
                 3.6 
                 2.7 
                 0.8 
                 3.8 
               
               
                   
                 Implant 
                 2.7 
                 0.65 
                 3.0 
                 3.0 
                 1.0 
                 4.0 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 The implant clearly increased the nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium within 2 weeks.  
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 2 
     Six (6) months old banana plants were sprayed with Baycor, Calixin, Seco, Indar, Bankit, which are well known systems (i.e. they work through the plant by systemically invigorating the plant or by maintaining sufficient concentrations of the pesticide to prevent or kill the fungus that invades the cell of the plant. 
     In a series of experiments, 6 banana plants were used as controls and 6 banana plants were used as treated. Each set of the dozen plants was used for five well known fungicides. 
     Control plants were sprayed with recommended amounts of the specific fungicide every 10 days. 
     The treated plants were implanted with the same fungicide impregnated in an acrylic polymer implant. The content of the implant was {fraction (1/10)} th  of the amount used by foliar application. 
     The trial was continued for 3 months and infection by sigatoka was measured. The average results are shown in Table 2. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
             
             
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Conventional Foliar 
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 After 1 st   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Month 
                 2 nd  Month 
                 3 rd  Month 
                 Implants 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Calixin 
                 15% 
                 17% 
                 20% 
                 5% 
                 7% 
                 8% 
               
               
                 Baycor 
                 10% 
                 12% 
                 15% 
                 3% 
                 6% 
                 8% 
               
               
                 Seco 
                  9% 
                 13% 
                 16% 
                 3% 
                 7% 
                 9% 
               
               
                 Indar 
                 12% 
                 13% 
                 15% 
                 4% 
                 7% 
                 9% 
               
               
                 Bankit 
                 10% 
                 15% 
                 20% 
                 2% 
                 5% 
                 7% 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 The implanted banana plants showed the lowest infection ever into the 3 rd  month after plant.