Abstract:
A method for a quantitative separation of scandium from thorium comprises adsorption of both metals on a cation exchange resin followed by selective elution of scandium with an acidic solution of a chelating agent followed by the elution of thorium by a six normal hydrochloric acid solution.

Description:
FIELD OF INVENTION 
     This invention relates to a method for the separation of scandium and thorium. More particularly, this invention relates to an ion exchange method for separation of scandium and thorium. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Scandium and thorium are two metals characterized by a high charge to radius ratio. Consequently, they tend to behave similarly in the complexation reactions which are the basis of hydrometallurgical separations. For instance, when scandium is extracted from the solution of tungsten digestion sludge with thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) the only element coextracted in significant amounts is thorium, although more than a dozen other elements are present in the solution. Furthermore, the quantitative separation of scandium from thorium by a simple precipitation or extraction is extremely difficult because of this similarity in the chemical properties of the ions in solution which causes co-extraction. This problem can be dealt with in a satisfactory fashion by the process disclosed here. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, a new and improved method for the separation of scandium and thorium comprises the following steps: 
     Step 1--A solution comprising scandium and thorium is adjusted to an acidic pH to form an acid solution. 
     Step 2--The acid solution from step 1 is contacted with a cation exchange resin. 
     Step 3--The scandium and thorium are retained on the cation exchange resin. 
     Step 4--The scandium from the cation exchange resin is eluted with a first elution solution. 
     Step 5--The thorium from the cation exchange resin is eluted with a second elution solution. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     In the drawing: 
     The single figure is a curve of the concentration of scandium and thorium as a function of the fraction number of the effluent in accordance with the present invention. 
    
    
     For a better understanding of the present invention, together with other and further objects, advantages and capabilities thereof, reference is made to the following disclosure and appended claims in connection with the above-described drawing. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the process of the present invention, the metals scandium and thorium present in even very dilute solutions have been completely adsorbed by a strong cation exchange resin in the hydrogen form. After the resin has been loaded with the metals, scandium was eluted selectively leaving the thorium on the resin. The thorium was subsequently eluted under different conditions. In this way the metals were both concentrated, in the adsorption step, and completely separated from one another in the elution step(s). 
     EXAMPLE 
     One liter of a solution containing 25 ppm scandium and 25 ppm thorium was adjusted to a pH of 1.95. An ion exchange column consisting of 10 g of a cation exchange resin having a sulfonic acid functionality such as Amberlite 1R-118(+)(Rohm and Haas ion exchange resin was prepared and converted to the hydrogen ion form by passing 1N hydrochloric acid through the column until the effluent was acidic. Deionized water was then pressed through the column until the effluent was neutral. The resin bed obtained was about 1 cm 2  in cross-sectional area and 10 cm in length. The solution of scandium and thorium was then passed through this column at a flow rate of 4 ml per minute. The effluent was collected as a single 1 liter fraction, and the scandium and thorium concentrations in this effluent were found to be much less than 0.05 ppm. Since the concentrations in the feed solution were 25 ppm, adsorption of both metals on the resin was equal to or greater than 99.8%. 
     Elution of scandium from the resin was accomplished with an eluant consisting of a solution of diglycolic acid in hydrochloric acid. The concentration of diglycolic acid was 0.1M and the concentration of hydrochloric acid was 1.2M. When elution of scandium was nearly complete the eluant was changed to pure 6N hydrochloric acid to displace thorium from the resin. The effluent was collected in equal volume fractions of 5 milliliters for analytical purposes. Scandium and thorium concentrations in these fractions were determined by Direct Current Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (DCP). The results are given in Table 1 and depicted in the single figure. It is obvious from the results that essentially a complete separation of scandium and thorium has been achieved. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Fraction       Scandium  Thorium______________________________________ 1             0 2             0 3             0 4             1.17   ppm 5             4.81 6             8.93 7             12.5 8             17.3 9             21.810             25.011             29.012             31.213             31.714             31.715             29.016             26.917             24.418             21.719             19.020             16.521             14.722             16.723             15.124             11.6          .094    ppm25             9.0326             6.74          .094    ppm27             5.1728             3.77          .19429             2.6030             2.21          .94931             1.7132             1.56          1.6533             0.9834             0.68          3.0735             0.5036             0.36          4.0537             0.2938             0.22          4.8839             0.1840             0.15          5.184142             0.06          5.324344             0.12          5.664546                           6.3047                           15.048                           18.249                           15.950                           12.651                           10.752                           9.6______________________________________ 
    
     Because of the slight overlap of the scandium and thorium peaks the percent scandium recovered and the purity will be interrelated. That is, opting for 100% scandium recovery will result in some degree of contamination with thorium. The extent of contamination as a function of recovery can be calculated by integrating the elution curves. These calculations have been performed for the fractions in the region of overlap. The results are shown in Table 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________Fraction     % Sc Eluted                   Sc/(Sc + Th)______________________________________26           95.6%      .99928           97.6%      .99830           98.7%      .99532           99.5%      .989______________________________________ 
    
     These results indicate that if fraction 28 were taken as a cut off, 95-96% of the scandium would have been eluted contaminated by only about 0.1% thorium. On the other hand, taking fraction 32 as a cut off to increase scandium recovery to 99.5%, would result in a product contaminated by 1.1% thorium. 
     The advantage of the present process over prior techniques is the ability to operate at ambient temperature precluding more expensive processing. 
     While there have been described what are at present considered the preferred embodiments of the invention it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made therein without departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the appendix claims.