Abstract:
A front surface of the wafer is contacted with a straight-shaped front surface cleaning brush, and a pressure is applied on the front surface cleaning brush from both ends to enlarge the diameters in both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush. The front surface cleaning brush rotates with a shaft being an axis. An inner surface of the front surface cleaning brush is directly in contact with a surface of the shaft. The front surface cleaning brush is composed of a single structure made of synthetic resin.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 11/411,874, filed Apr. 27, 2006, (which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 7,908,698 on Mar. 22, 2011) which claims priority of Japanese Patent Application No. 2006-008323, filed on Jan. 17, 2006, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to a cleaning apparatus and a cleaning method for a wafer preferable for manufacturing a semiconductor device. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Recently, in a manufacturing process of a semiconductor device, it is becoming essential to planarize a film or the like having been formed by that time by performing a CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) processing before a photolithography, in order to secure an exposure margin for the photolithography. Here, a method of planarization by the CMP processing will be described with reference to  FIG. 10 .  FIG. 10  is a schematic view showing an outline of a CMP apparatus. 
     The CMP apparatus is provided with a polishing table  51  on a surface of which a polishing pad  52  is affixed, a polishing head  54  holding a wafer  53 , and a slurry supplying nozzle  55  supplying slurry (suspension containing a grain of abrasive)  56 . Further, the CMP apparatus is provided with a dressing apparatus  57  dressing the polishing pad  52 . The polishing table  51  and the polishing pad  52  are rotatable around their own axes. 
     In a CMP processing using the CMP apparatus with such a constitution, the slurry  56  is supplied from the slurry supplying nozzle  55  onto the polishing pad  52  while the polishing table  51  is being rotated, and the wafer  53  is pressed on the polishing pad  52  while the polishing head  54  is being rotated. As a consequence, the wafer  53  is polished by the polishing pad  52 . To a portion of the polishing pad  52  which is squashed due to the wafer  53  being pressed on, a dressing is performed by the dressing apparatus  57  during rotation. 
     The CMP processing is performed as above, and the abrasive grain contained in the slurry, metal impurity, or the like remain on the wafer  53  after the CMP processing. Thus, a cleaning of the wafer  53  is required after the CMP processing. Here, a conventional cleaning method of a wafer will be described with reference to  FIG. 11  and  FIG. 12 .  FIG. 11  is a perspective view showing a conventional cleaning apparatus, while  FIG. 12  is a front view showing the conventional cleaning apparatus. 
     The conventional cleaning apparatus is provided with two cylindrical brushes  63  contacting a front surface and a rear surface of the wafer  53 , respectively. The brush  63  is made of synthetic resin and a plurality of projections are formed on a surface thereof. Additionally, a shaft  62  is inserted into the brush  63 . In a cleaning using this apparatus, the brushes  63  and the wafer  53  are rotated while the two brushes  63  are made to contact the front surface and the rear surface of the wafer  53 . 
     It is also carried out that a plurality of such cleaning apparatuses are provided to perform cleanings using different cleaning solutions. For example, after a cleaning is performed with an ammonia solution being supplied, another cleaning may be performed with a fluorinate acid being supplied. By this method, the abrasive grain is removed by the cleaning using the ammonia solution and the metal impurity is removed by the cleaning using the fluorinated acid. 
     By these methods, a sufficient cleaning is possible for a wafer with a diameter of 200 mm or less. However, when the cleaning is performed for a wafer with a diameter of about 300 mm according to the above-described method, numerous foreign objects  58  remain on an outer peripheral portion of the wafer  53  as shown in  FIG. 13 . This is considered because times during which a central portion and the peripheral portion of the wafer  53  contact the brush  63  are different. That is, in the peripheral portion, time during which the wafer is apart from the brush  63  is relatively long and a cleaning efficiency is deteriorated. 
     Thus, there is disclosed an art in which a brush having larger diameters in both ends is used to increase the cleaning efficiency in the outer peripheral portion (Patent Document 1). 
     However, using the brush having the larger diameters in the both ends is not practical. This is because a variation of the diameter of the brush must be adjusted in response to the diameter of the wafer. Moreover, since a direction and an amount of a warp of the wafer vary in response to a kind, a number, and a pattern and the like of films already formed, it is required to prepare more various brushes in order to correspond also thereto. 
     For example, in such a case as after a CMP processing for forming an element isolation region by STI (Shallow Trench Isolation), the wafer  53  is warped into a shape of a mound as shown in  FIG. 14A . As a result, on the front surface of the wafer  53  the outer peripheral portion is hard to contact the brush  63 . On the other hand, in such a case as after a CMP processing for forming a metal wiring, the wafer  53  warps into a shape of a bowl as shown in  FIG. 14B . As a result, on the front surface of the wafer  53  the outer peripheral portion is easy to contact the brush  63 , while on the rear surface the outer peripheral portion is hard to contact the brush  63 . Therefore, unless brushes of a plurality of kinds are prepared for the same wafer, foreign objects on the front surface and the rear surface of the wafer  53  cannot be removed sufficiently. Additionally, not only the direction of the warp but also the amount of the warp varies in response to a film forming condition or the like as described above. 
     As described above, in the conventional method in which the brush with the varied diameter is used, it is required to prepare various brushes, resulting in a higher cost. 
     Though it is possible to remove the foreign objects using conventional brushes if the cleaning is performed for a long period of time, a time period of at least about three to four times of a time period required for the cleaning of the wafer with the diameter of about 200 mm is necessary. As a result, a throughput is substantially decreased. 
     Related arts are disclosed in Patent Document 1 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-open No. 2003-163196) and in Non-patent Document 1 (Clean Technology VOL. 8, No. 5 (May 1998)). 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to provide a cleaning apparatus and cleaning method for a wafer which are capable of reliably cleaning various wafers without using various kinds of brushes. 
     In order to solve the above problem, the present inventor has devised embodiments of the present invention described below as a result of acute study. 
     A cleaning apparatus for the wafer according to the present invention is provided with a straight-shaped front surface cleaning brush contacting a front surface of the wafer, and a pressurizer enlarging diameters in both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush by means of applying a pressure on the front surface cleaning brush from both ends. 
     In a cleaning method for the wafer according to the present invention, a straight-shaped front surface cleaning brush is made to contact a surface of the wafer, and diameters in both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush is enlarged by means of applying a pressure on the front surface cleaning brush from both ends. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1A  is a top view showing a cleaning apparatus for a wafer according to a first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 1B  is a front view showing the cleaning apparatus for a wafer according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 1C  is a side view showing the cleaning apparatus for a wafer according to the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 2  is a view showing a brush  3 ; 
         FIG. 3  is a view showing a cleaning system for a wafer; 
         FIG. 4  is a view showing an operation of the first embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a view showing a result of an observation (in a case in which a pressurizing is performed) actually carried out; 
         FIG. 6  is a view showing a result of the observation (in a case in which the pressurizing is not performed) actually carried out; 
         FIG. 7  is a front view showing a cleaning apparatus for a wafer according to a second embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 8A  is a view showing a shaft  12 ; 
         FIG. 8B  is a view showing a cross section along a line I-I in  FIG. 8A  and a stopper  11 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a view showing an operation of the second embodiment of the present invention; 
         FIG. 10  is a view showing a planarization method by a CMP processing; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view showing a conventional cleaning apparatus; 
         FIG. 12  is a front view showing the conventional cleaning apparatus; 
         FIG. 13  is a view showing a result of a cleaning using the conventional cleaning apparatus; 
         FIG. 14A  is a view showing a problem in a conventional cleaning method; and 
         FIG. 14B  is a view showing a problem in the conventional cleaning method as well. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described concretely with reference to the attached drawings. 
     First Embodiment 
     To begin with, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described.  FIG. 1A  is a top view showing a cleaning apparatus for a wafer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 1B  is a front view showing the cleaning apparatus for the wafer according to the first embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 1C  is a side view showing the cleaning apparatus for the wafer according to the first embodiment of the present invention. 
     In the first embodiment, there are provided a cylindrical front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and a cylindrical rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  which contact a front surface and a rear surface of a wafer  21  respectively, as shown in  FIG. 1A  to  FIG. 1C . Hereinafter, the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  may be referred to generically as brushes  3 . The brushes  3  are made of synthetic resin such as PVA (Poly Vinyl Alcohol), for example, on surfaces of which a plurality of projections are formed as shown in  FIG. 2 . A diameter of the projection is, for example, about 5 mm. Shafts  2  are inserted to the brushes  3 . Each brush  3  can be rotated with the shaft  2  being an axis. Additionally, rollers  4  rotating the wafer  21  are provided. Further, there are disposed a pure water nozzle  5   a  spraying a pure water to the front surface of the wafer  21 , a pure water nozzle  5   b  spraying a pure water to the rear surface, a chemical nozzle  6   a  spraying a chemical solution (cleaning agent) to the front surface, and a chemical nozzle  6   b  spraying a chemical solution (cleaning agent) to the rear surface. Incidentally, instead of using these nozzles, a communication path for liquid may be provided inside the brush  3  so that the pure water and the chemical solution are supplied from inside the brush  3 . 
     Further, in the present embodiment, along a direction in which the shaft  2  extends, there are provided pressure portions  1  which apply pressures on the brush  3  from both ends thereof. The pressure portion  1  is constituted using a pressure mechanism by a diaphragm system, for example. When the pressure portions  1  apply the pressures on the brush  3 , both side portions of the brush  3  are compressed and the diameters thereof become large in the both end portions. 
     In a cleaning system including the cleaning apparatus according to the first embodiment, as shown in  FIG. 3  for example, there are provided a first brush unit  11  and a second brush unit  12  which include the cleaning apparatuses respectively, and further, a cleaning/drying unit  13  is provided in a subsequent step. In the first brush unit  11 , a cleaning agent of alkali or the like which is capable of removing abrasive grain is sprayed from the nozzles  5   a  and  5   b . On the other hand, in the second brush unit  12 , a cleaning agent of acid or the like which is capable of removing metal impurity is sprayed from the nozzles  5   a  and  5   b . For example, an ammonia solution is sprayed from the nozzles  5   a  and  5   b  of the first brush unit  11 , while a hydrofluoric acid is sprayed from the nozzles  5   a  and  5   b  of the second brush unit  12 . Additionally, in the cleaning/drying unit  13 , a pure water is supplied to rinse the wafer  21  while the wafer  21  is being rotated, and a drying is performed by high-speed rotation. 
     Here, a cleaning method using the cleaning system constituted as above will be described. 
     First, the wafer  21  on which the CMP processing is completed is conveyed to the first brush unit  11 , and the wafer  21  is held by the rollers  4 . Next, the wafer  21  is rotated by rotating the rollers  4 . Rotation speed at this time is not specifically limited, but is 50 rotations per minute, for example. Next, while the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are being rotated, they are made to contact both surfaces of the wafer  21 . Rotation speed at this time is not specifically limited, but is 200 rotations per minute, for example. 
     Incidentally, it is preferable that the pure water is supplied to the wafer  21  from the pure water nozzles  5   a  and  5   b  during the period from a holding of the wafer  21  by the rollers  4  to startings of the rotation of the wafer  21  and the rotation of the brush  3  so that the wafer  21  does not become dry. 
     After the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are made to contact the wafer  21 , the both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are deformed by means of pressurizing the both ends of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  by the pressure portions  1 . That is, the both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are compressed so that the diameters in the both end portions are enlarged as shown in  FIG. 4 . As a consequence, the entire front surface of the wafer  21  is made to contact the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  substantially evenly, even if the wafer  21  is warped into a shape of a mound. Therefore, a cleaning efficiency of the outer peripheral portion of the wafer  21  improves. Incidentally, a magnitude of the pressure applied by the pressure portions  1  is not specifically limited, but is about 0.1 kgw/cm 2 , for example. 
     While the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are being rotated in contact with the wafer  21 , an alkaline chemical solution is supplied to the wafer  21  from the chemical nozzles  6   a  and  6   b . A composition of the alkaline chemical solution is not specifically limited, but an ammonia solution of about 0.5 weight percent, for example, is used. Also, supplying time is not specifically limited, but is about 30 seconds, for example. 
     The foreign objects such as abrasive grain on the front surface and the rear surface of the wafer  21  are removed by means of such rotation, pressurizing, and supplying of the chemical solution. 
     After a brush cleaning is performed for a predetermined time, the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are separated from the wafer  21  and the rotation is halted. Then, the pure water is supplied to the wafer  21  from the pure water nozzles  5   a  and  5   b  to rinse the front surface and the rear surface of the wafer  21 . 
     Subsequently, the wafer  21  is conveyed to the second brush unit  12  and the wafer  21  is held by the rollers  4 . Next, the wafer  21  is rotated by rotating the rollers  4 . Rotation speed at this time is not specifically limited, but is 50 rotations per minute, for example. 
     Next, an acid chemical solution is supplied to the wafer  21  from the chemical nozzles  6   a  and  6   b . A composition of the acid chemical solution is not specifically limited, but a hydrofluoric acid of about 0.5 weight percent, for example, is used. Also, supplying time is not specifically limited, but is about 10 seconds, for example. 
     Incidentally, during the cleaning using the acid chemical solution, the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  may be made to contact the both surfaces of the wafer  21  while being rotated, similarly to the brush cleaning in the first brush unit  11 . Rotation speed at this time is not specifically limited, but is 200 rotations per minute, for example. It is preferable that the pure water is supplied to the wafer  21  from the pure water nozzles  5   a  and  5   b  during the period from a holding of the wafer  21  by the rollers  4  to startings of the rotation of the wafer  21  and the rotation of the brush  3  so that the wafer  21  does not become dry. 
     Further, after the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are made to contact the wafer  21 , the both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are deformed by means of pressurizing the both ends of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  by the pressure portions  1 , similarly to the brush cleaning in the first brush unit  11 . That is, the both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are compressed so that the diameters in the both end portions are enlarged as shown in  FIG. 4 . Incidentally, a magnitude of the pressure applied by the pressure portions  1  is not specifically limited, but is about 0.1 kgw/cm 2 , for example. The pressurizing may be started during the period in which the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are being moved to contact the wafer  21 . That is, timing to start the pressurizing is not limited to after the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are made to contact the wafer  21 . 
     After the cleaning for a predetermined time using the acid chemical solution, supplying of the acid from the nozzles  6   a  and  6   b  is stopped. Then, the pure water is supplied to the wafer  21  from the pure water nozzles  5   a  and  5   b , to rinse the front surface and the rear surface of the wafer  21 . 
     Subsequently, the wafer  21  is conveyed to the cleaning/drying unit  13  and the wafer  21  is mounted on a rotatable stage. Then, the wafer  21  is rinsed with a pure water while being rotated at high speed. Subsequently, the wafer  21  is dried. 
     According to such a cleaning method using the cleaning apparatus according to the first embodiment, at the time of the brush cleaning, the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are compressed and deformed to become easy to contact the outer peripheral portion of the wafer  21 . Therefore, a high cleaning efficiency is achieved. Additionally, since conventional brushes can be used as the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b , a cost increase can also be suppressed. 
     Here, results of an observation actually carried out by the present inventor will be described. In this observation, an oxide film of 500 nm in thickness is formed on a silicon wafer. Then, the oxide film is polished to be 250 nm by a CMP processing and a foreign object (defect) on a wafer surface is measured using a wafer surface examining apparatus (LS6800 of Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). The result of a case in which both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are pressurized is shown in  FIG. 5  while the result of a case in which the both end portions are not pressurized is shown in  FIG. 6 . 
     As shown in  FIG. 6 , when the both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are not pressurized, numerous foreign objects  22  exist in the outer peripheral portion of the wafer  21 . On the other hand, as shown in  FIG. 5 , when the both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  are pressurized, the foreign objects  22  scarcely exist over the entire surface of the wafer  21 . 
     Incidentally, the pressures applied on the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  by the pressure portions  1  may be differentiated from each other. For example, as shown in  FIG. 4 , when the wafer  21  is warped into the shape of the mound, the pressure applied on the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  may be smaller than the pressure applied on the front surface cleaning brush  3   a , or only the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  may be compressed. In contrast, when the wafer  21  is warped into a shape of a bowl, the pressure applied on the front surface cleaning brush  3   a  may be smaller than the pressure applied on the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b , or only the rear surface cleaning brush  3   b  may be compressed. 
     Second Embodiment 
     Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described.  FIG. 7  is a front view showing a cleaning apparatus for a wafer according to the second embodiment of the present invention. 
     In the second embodiment, a front surface cleaning brush  13   a  is constituted with three front surface cleaning brush pieces  13   a - 1 ,  13   a - 2  and  13   a - 3  as shown in  FIG. 7 . Also, a rear surface cleaning brush  13   b  is constituted with three rear surface cleaning brush pieces  13   b - 1 ,  13   b - 2  and  13   b - 3 . These brush pieces are made of synthetic resin such as PVA (Poly Vinyl Alcohol), for example, on surfaces of which a plurality of projections are formed. One shaft  12  is inserted to the three front surface cleaning brush pieces  13   a - 1 ,  13   a - 2  and  13   a - 3 , while one shaft  12  is inserted to the three rear surface cleaning brush pieces  13   b - 1 ,  13   b - 2  and  13   b - 3 . Cut-outs  14  are formed on two locations of the shaft  12  as shown in  FIG. 8A  and  FIG. 8B . To the cut-outs  14 , disk-shaped stoppers  11  are fixed. A diameter of the stopper  11  is, for example, larger than a diameter of the shaft  12  by about 5 mm to 10 mm. 
     The other constitution is the same as that of the first embodiment. 
     In the second embodiment as above, when both ends of the front surface cleaning brush  13   a  and the rear surface cleaning brush  13   b  are pressurized by the pressure portions  1 , as shown in  FIG. 9 , only the front surface cleaning brush pieces  13   a - 1  and  13   a - 3  and the rear surface cleaning brush pieces  13   b - 1  and  13   b - 3 , which are located on the both ends, are compressed, and the diameters thereof become large. As a consequence, the entire front surface of the wafer  21  is made to contact the front surface cleaning brush  13   a  substantially evenly, even if the wafer  21  is warped into a shape of a mound. Therefore, a cleaning efficiency of the outer peripheral portion of the wafer  21  improves. Additionally, compared with the first embodiment, the cleaning efficiency is higher since deformations concentrate in the portions contacting the outer peripheral portion of the wafer  21 . 
     In the second embodiment, if the brush piece is required to be exchanged, it is only necessary to detach the stopper  11 . Therefore, it is possible to easily cope with various kinds of warp directions and warp amounts of the wafer by using a conventional brush whose diameter is uniform in a longitudinal direction as the brush piece and combining them. 
     Incidentally, in the first and the second embodiments, the constitution in which the cleaning is performed with the wafer  21  being kept horizontal is adopted, but a constitution in which the cleaning is performed with the wafer  21  being kept vertical may be adopted. Also, an ultra sonic cleaning unit may be provided in a prior step of a brushing, or in the cleaning/drying unit. 
     According to the present invention, since the diameters of the both end portions of the front surface cleaning brush is enlarged by the application of the pressure, the front surface cleaning brush can be made evenly contact the entire front surface of the wafer even if the wafer is warped. Consequently, a high cleaning efficiency can be achieved even without using various kinds of brushes, so that cleaning of various wafers can be performed reliably. 
     The present embodiments are to be considered in all respects as illustrative and no restrictive, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. The invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof.