Abstract:
A light emitting diode chip mounting apparatus includes a guide plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the second surface including at least one first tunnel that extends in a first direction, wherein the first tunnel defines a concave portion and the second surface includes a convex portion adjacent to the concave portion. The first tunnel is sized to accommodate a light emitting diode chip flowing therethrough.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    Korean Patent Application No. 10-2016-0033990, filed on Mar. 22, 2016, in the Korean Intellectual Property Office, and entitled: “LED Chip Mounting Apparatus and Method of Manufacturing Display Apparatus by Using the LED Chip Mounting Apparatus,” is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0002]    1. Field 
         [0003]    One or more embodiments relate to light emitting diode (LED) chip mounting apparatuses and method of manufacturing display apparatuses using the LED chip mounting apparatus. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0005]    A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device in which when a forward voltage is applied to a PN junction diode, holes and electrons are injected thereinto and energy generated by recombination of the holes and the electrons is converted into light energy. 
         [0006]    For example, inorganic LEDs using inorganic compounds to emit light are widely used in electronic display boards, illuminations, and backlights of liquid crystal display televisions (LCD TVs); and organic LEDs using organic compounds to emit light are recently used in large TVs and small electronic devices such as mobile phones. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    According to one or more embodiments, an LED chip mounting apparatus includes: a guide plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the second surface including at least one first tunnel that extends in a first direction, wherein the first tunnel defines a concave portion in the second surface and the second surface includes a convex portion disposed adjacent to the concave portion. The first tunnel is sized to accommodate an LED chip flowing therethrough. 
         [0008]    The second surface may further include at least one second tunnel that extends in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. 
         [0009]    The LED chip mounting apparatus may further include a mask on the second surface and contacting at least a portion of the convex portion. 
         [0010]    According to one or more embodiments, a method of manufacturing a display apparatus includes: preparing a guide plate including a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, the second surface including at least one first tunnel extending in a first direction; attaching an array substrate including at least one thin film transistor and at least one opening portion to the second surface of the guide plate; inserting at least one LED chip into the first tunnel in the first direction; moving the at least one LED chip in the first tunnel; and seating the at least one LED chip on the at least opening portion in the first tunnel. 
         [0011]    The method may further include immersing the guide plate, the array substrate, and the at least one LED chip into a solution after attaching the guide plate and the array substrate together, wherein the at least one LED chip may move in the first tunnel by the solution. 
         [0012]    The solution may include a conductive particle, and the at least one LED chip may move in the first tunnel by the solution including the conductive particle. 
         [0013]    The solution may include at least one flexible particle, and the at least one LED chip and the at least one flexible particle may be alternately inserted into the first tunnel. 
         [0014]    The at least one LED chip may move in the first tunnel by air or inert gas. 
         [0015]    The inert gas may include one of argon (Ar), nitrogen (N 2 ), and helium (He). 
         [0016]    The air or the inert gas may include a conductive particle. 
         [0017]    The air or the inert gas may include at least one flexible particle, and the at least one LED chip and the at least one flexible particle may be alternately inserted into the first tunnel. 
         [0018]    The array substrate may further include a first electrode exposed by the at least one opening portion and two or more bank layers disposed to cover a portion of the first electrode, and the two or more bank layers may be formed to have different heights. 
         [0019]    The height of the bank layer may increase gradually away from a side where the LED chip is inserted. 
         [0020]    At least one second tunnel extending in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction may be disposed at the second surface of the guide plate. 
         [0021]    The at least one LED chip may be inserted into the at least one first tunnel in the first direction or may be inserted into the at least one second tunnel in the second direction. 
         [0022]    A plurality of first color pixel units, second color pixel units, and third color pixel units may be arranged on the array substrate, a mask may be disposed between the array substrate and the second surface of the guide plate, and the mask may be disposed at a position corresponding to at least a portion among the plurality of first color pixel units, second color pixel units, and third color pixel units. 
         [0023]    The at least one LED chip may be seated on the opening portion formed at the first color pixel unit, the second color pixel unit, or the third color pixel unit where the mask is not disposed. 
         [0024]    The at least one LED chip inserted into the first tunnel may be a first color LED chip, the mask may be disposed at a position corresponding to the second color pixel unit and the third color pixel unit, and the first color LED chip may be seated on the opening portion of the first color pixel unit. 
         [0025]    The first color pixel unit, the second color pixel unit, and the third color pixel unit may be arranged sequentially in a row direction. 
         [0026]    The first color pixel unit, the second color pixel unit, and the third color pixel unit may be arranged sequentially in a column direction. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]    Features will become apparent to those of skill in the art by describing in detail exemplary embodiments with reference to the attached drawings in which: 
           [0028]      FIG. 1  illustrates a schematic perspective view of a light emitting diode (LED) chip mounting apparatus according to an embodiment; 
           [0029]      FIG. 2A  illustrates a schematic perspective view of an array substrate according to an embodiment; 
           [0030]      FIG. 2B  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a cross section of an LED chip and an A-A′ cross section of the array substrate of  FIG. 2A ; 
           [0031]      FIG. 3A  illustrates a schematic perspective view of a joined combination of the LED chip mounting apparatus of  FIG. 1  and the array substrate of  FIG. 2A ; 
           [0032]      FIG. 3B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to an embodiment, which schematically illustrates a moving LED chip and a III-III′ cross section of  FIG. 3A ; 
           [0033]      FIG. 4  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to another embodiment; 
           [0034]      FIG. 5  illustrates a schematic cross-sectional view of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to another embodiment; 
           [0035]      FIG. 6  illustrates a schematic perspective view of an LED chip mounting apparatus according to another embodiment; 
           [0036]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a schematic bottom view of an LED chip mounting apparatus according to another embodiment and a schematic plan view of an array substrate according to another embodiment; 
           [0037]      FIG. 7B  illustrates a cross-sectional view of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus using the array substrate and the LED chip mounting apparatus of  FIG. 7A ; and 
           [0038]      FIG. 8  illustrates a schematic bottom view of an LED chip mounting apparatus according to another embodiment and a schematic plan view of an array substrate according to another embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0039]    Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements throughout. In this regard, the present embodiments may have different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the descriptions set forth herein. Accordingly, the embodiments are merely described below, by referring to the figures, to explain aspects of the present description. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. Expressions such as “at least one of,” when preceding a list of elements, modify the entire list of elements and do not modify the individual elements of the list. 
         [0040]    It will be understood that although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from another. 
         [0041]    As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an”, and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. 
         [0042]    It will be further understood that the terms “comprise”, “include”, and “have” used herein specify the presence of stated features or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features or components. 
         [0043]    It will be understood that when a layer, region, or component is referred to as being “formed on” another layer, region, or component, it may be directly or indirectly formed on the other layer, region, or component. That is, for example, intervening layers, regions, or components may be present. 
         [0044]    Sizes of components in the drawings may be exaggerated for convenience of description. In other words, since sizes and thicknesses of components in the drawings are arbitrarily illustrated for convenience of description, the following embodiments are not limited thereto. 
         [0045]    When a certain embodiment may be implemented differently, a specific process order may be performed differently from the described order. For example, two consecutively described processes may be performed substantially at the same time or performed in an order opposite to the described order. 
         [0046]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view schematically illustrating a light emitting diode (LED) chip mounting apparatus according to an embodiment. An LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment may include a guide plate  100  including at least one tunnel T 1 . 
         [0047]    The guide plate  100  may include a first surface  100 - 1  and a second surface  100 - 2  opposite to the first surface  100 - 1 . The first tunnel T 1  may be disposed at the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100 . As an embodiment, the first tunnel T 1  may extend in a first direction X. However, embodiments are not limited thereto, e.g., the first tunnel T 1  may extend in a second direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X. Although  FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment in which five first tunnels T 1  are on the second surface  100 - 2 , the number of first tunnels T 1  is not limited thereto, e.g., one or more first tunnels T 1  may be disposed. 
         [0048]    In the LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment, the first tunnel T 1  may be formed to pass through two surfaces that are perpendicular to the first surface  100 - 1  and the second surface  100 - 2  and face each other, e.g., side surfaces of the guide plate  100 . In this case, as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100  where the first tunnel T 1  is disposed may include a concave portion  100   a  and a convex portion  100   b . In other words, the second surface  100 - 2  may have a concave-convex shape. 
         [0049]    That is, since the first tunnel T 1  is on the second surface  100 - 2  and passes through the side surfaces of the guide plate  100 , the concave portion  100   a  of the second surface  100 - 2  may correspond to a portion where the first tunnel T 1  is formed and the convex portion  100   b  may correspond to a portion adjacent to the concave portion  100   a  and where the first tunnel T 1  is not formed. As an embodiment, when two or more first tunnels T 1  are disposed at the second surface  100 - 2 , the concave portion  100   a  may correspond to a portion where the first tunnel T 1  is formed and the convex portion  100   b  may correspond to a portion between two first tunnels T 1 . If there is a single first tunnel T 1 , two convex portions  110   b  may define the first tunnel. 
         [0050]      FIG. 2A  is a perspective view schematically illustrating an array substrate according to an embodiment.  FIG. 2B  is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a cross section of an LED chip and an A-A′ cross section of the array substrate of  FIG. 2A .  FIG. 3A  is a perspective view schematically illustrating a joined combination of the LED chip mounting apparatus of  FIG. 1  and the array substrate of  FIG. 2A .  FIG. 3B  is a cross-sectional view of a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to an embodiment, which schematically illustrates a moving LED chip and a cross section of  FIG. 3A . 
         [0051]    Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to an embodiment by using the LED chip mounting apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1  will be described in detail with reference to  FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A, and 3B . In  FIGS. 2A to 3B , like reference numerals as in  FIG. 1  will denote like elements and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted herein for conciseness. 
         [0052]    An array substrate  10  according to the present embodiment may include at least one thin film transistor TFT and at least one opening portion  10   a . As illustrated in  FIG. 2B , the array substrate  10  may include at least one thin film transistor TFT on a substrate  200 . A planarization layer  250  may be formed on the thin film transistor TFT. A first electrode  281  may be on the planarization layer  250  and may be connected to the thin film transistor TFT through a via hole extending along a third direction Z through the planarization layer  250 . Also, the array substrate  10  may include a bank layer  270  on the planarization layer  250  that may cover a portion of the first electrode  281 . 
         [0053]    The substrate  200  may include various materials. For example, the substrate  200  may be formed of glass materials or plastic materials. A buffer layer  201  may be formed on the substrate  200 . The buffer layer  201  may provide a flat surface on the substrate  200  and may block foreign substance or moisture from permeating through the substrate  200 . 
         [0054]    The thin film transistor TFT may include an active layer A, a gate electrode G, a source electrode S, and a drain electrode D. Hereinafter, it is assumed that the thin film transistor TFT is a top gate type in which the active layer A, the gate electrode G, the source electrode S, and the drain electrode D are sequentially formed. However, the present embodiment is not limited thereto, and a thin film transistor TFT of various types, e.g., a bottom gate type, may be applied. 
         [0055]    The active layer A may include a semiconductor material such as amorphous silicon or polycrystalline silicon. The active layer A may include, e.g., an organic semiconductor material or an oxide semiconductor material. A gate insulating layer  210  may be formed on the active layer A. The gate electrode G may be formed on the gate insulating layer  210 . The gate electrode G may be connected to a gate line for applying an on/off signal to the thin film transistor TFT. 
         [0056]    An interlayer insulating layer  230  may be formed on the gate electrode G, and the source electrode S and the drain electrode D may be formed on the interlayer insulating layer  230 . The source electrode S and the drain electrode D may be connected to the active layer A by respective vias extending along the third direction Z through the interlayer insulating layer  230 . 
         [0057]    The first electrode  281  connected to the thin film transistor TFT may be formed on the planarization layer  250 , and a second electrode  283  may be formed on the bank layer  270 . The first electrode  281  and the second electrode  283  may be spaced apart from each other. 
         [0058]    As illustrated in  FIG. 2B , the opening portion  10   a  may be a portion through which at least a portion of the first electrode  281  is partially exposed. At least one opening portion  10   a  may be a portion where an LED chip  300  is seated such that the LED chip  300  is electrically connected to the TFT to thereby emit light. As an embodiment, when three LED chips  300  are seated on respective opening portions  10   a , the light generated may include three colors. 
         [0059]    That is, when three LED chip  300  are seated on respective opening portions  10   a , a first color, a second color, or a third color may be generated in each opening portion  10   a . As an embodiment, each of the first color, the second color, and the third color may be one of red, green, and blue. 
         [0060]    As illustrated in  FIG. 2A , any number of opening portions  10   a  may be formed and may be arranged side by side in a row direction and a column direction, e.g., in a matrix. As an embodiment, one or more opening portions  10   a  may be disposed to be spaced apart from each other by a predetermined distance, and may be arranged at regular intervals. 
         [0061]    Hereinafter, the LED chip  300  seated on the opening portion  10   a  will be described with reference to  FIG. 2B . The LED chip  300  may include a first semiconductor layer  302 , a second semiconductor layer  304 , an active layer  303  between the first semiconductor layer  302  and the second semiconductor layer  304 , a first electrode pad  306 , and a second electrode pad  307 . The first semiconductor layer  302 , the active layer  303 , and the second semiconductor layer  304  may be stacked along the third direction Z. 
         [0062]    The first semiconductor layer  302 , the active layer  303 , and the second semiconductor layer  304  may be formed by using one or more methods such as Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD), Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition (PECVD), Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE), or Hydride Vapor Phase Epitaxy (HVPE). 
         [0063]    The first semiconductor layer  302  may include, for example, a p-type semiconductor layer. The p-type semiconductor layer may include a semiconductor material having a composition formula of In x Al y Ga 1-x-y N (0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦x+y≦1). For example, the p-type semiconductor layer may include a semiconductor material selected from gallium nitride (GaN), aluminum nitride (AlN), aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN), indium gallium nitride (InGaN), indium nitride (InN), indium gallium nitride (InAlGaN), and aluminum indium nitride (AlInN), and may be doped with a p-type dopant such, e.g., magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), or barium (Ba). 
         [0064]    The second semiconductor layer  304  may include, for example, an n-type semiconductor layer. The n-type semiconductor layer may include a semiconductor material having a composition formula of In x Al y Ga 1-x-y  N (0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦x+y≦1). For example, the n-type semiconductor layer may include a semiconductor material selected from GaN, AlN, AlGaN, InGaN, InN, InAlGaN, and AlInN, and may be doped with an n-type dopant, e.g., silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), or tin (Sn). 
         [0065]    However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the first semiconductor layer  301  may include an n-type semiconductor layer and the second semiconductor layer  304  may include a p-type semiconductor layer. 
         [0066]    The active layer  303  may be a region where electrons and holes are recombined together, and it may transition to a lower energy level according to the recombination of electrons and holes to generate light of a corresponding wavelength. The active layer  303  may include a semiconductor material having a composition formula of In x Al y Ga 1-x-y  N (0≦x≦1, 0≦y≦1, 0≦x+y≦1), and may be formed to have a single quantum well structure or a multi quantum well (MQW) structure. Also, the active layer  303  may include a quantum wire structure or a quantum dot structure. 
         [0067]    The first electrode pad  306  may be formed at the first semiconductor layer  302 , and the second electrode pad  307  may be formed at the second semiconductor layer  304 . The LED chip  300  of the present embodiment may be a horizontal type or a flip type in which the first electrode pad  306  and the second electrode pad  307  are disposed in the same direction. In particular, as shown in  FIG. 2B , the second semiconductor layer  304  may extend further along the X direction than the first semiconductor layer, e.g., on both sides thereof. Thus, the first electrode pad  306  and the second electrode pad  307  may be separated from each other, e.g., along the third direction Z and the first direction X. 
         [0068]    In a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to an embodiment, the guide plate  100  illustrated in  FIG. 1  and the array substrate  10  illustrated in  FIG. 2A  may be prepared and then the array substrate  10  may be attached to the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100  as illustrated in  FIG. 3 . Since the guide plate  100  and the array substrate  10  are joined together, the first tunnel T 1  may form a hole or passage, all sides of which are surrounded by the array substrate  10  and the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100 . 
         [0069]    Next, referring to  FIGS. 3A and 3B , at least one LED chip  300  may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1 . Although the LED chip  300  is schematically illustrated in  FIG. 3B , this is merely an example; and although it is illustrated differently from the shape of the LED chip  300  illustrated in  FIG. 2B , the LED chip  300  of the same structure and function are schematically illustrated. Also, the shape of the LED chip  300  is not limited thereto and may vary according to various embodiments. 
         [0070]    As an embodiment, the LED chip  300  may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1  in the first direction X. The LED chip  300  inserted into the first tunnel T 1  may move in the first tunnel T 1 . In this case, the LED chip  300  may move by a moving medium. 
         [0071]    In an embodiment, the LED chip  300  may move by a solution. Hereinafter, an embodiment in which the LED chip  300  moves by a solution  301  to be seated on the opening portion  10   a  will be described with reference to  FIGS. 2B and 3B . 
         [0072]    First, the LED chip  300  and the array substrate  10  and the guide plate  100  joined together may be immersed into the solution  301 . In this case, the LED chip  300  may move in the tunnel T 1  according to the flow of the solution  301 . When the LED chip  300  is inserted into the first tunnel T 1  in the first direction X, the solution  301  and the LED chip  300  may flow and move in the first direction X. 
         [0073]    As illustrated in  FIG. 2B , when the array substrate  10  is immersed in the solution  301 , a first voltage V 1  may be applied to the first electrode  281  and a second voltage V 2  may be applied to the second electrode  283 . Each of the first voltage V 1  and the second voltage V 2  may be applied as a negative DC voltage. 
         [0074]    Since a negative DC voltage is applied to the first electrode  281  and the second electrode  283 , the free electrons of the LED chip  300  immersed in the solution may move away from the first electrode  281  and the second electrode  283  and a relatively positive potential may be induced by an electrostatic induction phenomenon in a region of the LED chip  300  that is close to the first electrode  281  and the second electrode  283  to which a negative voltage is applied. That is, a relatively positive potential may be induced in the first electrode pad  306  and the second electrode pad  307 . 
         [0075]    An attractive force may be generated by an electrostatic force between the first electrode pad  306  and the second electrode pad  307  of the LED chip  300  and the first electrode  281  and the second electrode  283  of the array substrate  10 , and the LED chip  300  may move toward the array substrate  10 . Since the first electrode pad  306  and the second electrode pad  307  of the LED chip  300  and the first electrode  281  and the second electrode  283  of the array substrate  10  are matched together, the first electrode pad  306  of the LED chip  300  may be connected to the first electrode  281  of the array substrate  10  and the second electrode pad  307  of the LED chip  300  may be connected to the second electrode  283  of the array substrate  10 . Consequently, the LED chip  300  may be accurately seated on the opening portion  10   a  of the array substrate  10  to be connected to the first electrode  281  and the second electrode  283 . 
         [0076]    Thus, the method of manufacturing a display apparatus by using the LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment may increase the LED chip mounting accuracy to improve the display apparatus manufacturing efficiency and the reliability of the manufactured display apparatus. That is, the LED chip  300  may be seated at an accurate position on the opening portion  10   a  without the risk of moving through the first tunnel T 1  in an unintended direction, e.g., the second direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X, while moving in the first direction X after being inserted into the first tunnel T 1 . 
         [0077]    When the moving medium for the LED chip  300  is the solution  301 , an electrostatic induction phenomenon may occur as described above. In this case, the solution  301  may further include a conductive particle in order to reduce or prevent generation of static electricity in the solution  301 . That is, as an embodiment, the conductive particle, together with the LED chip  300  and the array substrate  10  and the guide plate  100  joined together, may be immersed into the solution  301 . Thus, the conductive particle may move in the first tunnel T 1  together with the LED chip  300 , and the static electricity may be reduced or prevented. 
         [0078]    Although  FIGS. 2B and 3B  illustrate an embodiment in which the LED chip  300  moves by the solution  301 , the moving medium for the LED chip  300  is not limited thereto. For example, the LED chip  300  may move in the first tunnel T 1  by air or inert gas. That is, in an environment where the array substrate  10  is exposed to the air or inert gas, the LED chip  300  may move in the first direction X (see  FIG. 3A ) by using the air or inert gas as the moving medium. 
         [0079]    When the air or inert gas is used as the moving medium to move the LED chip  300 , since the friction applied to the LED chip  300  may be reduced, the risk of damaging the LED chip  300  may be reduced. The inert gas may include any one of argon (Ar), nitrogen (N 2 ), and helium (He). 
         [0080]    Even when the LED chip  300  moves by the air or inert gas, static electricity may be generated in the air or inert gas by the friction of the air. Thus, a conductive particle may be inserted into the air or inert gas together with the LED chip  300 , and the conductive particle may move in the first tunnel T 1  together with the LED chip  300 , thereby reducing or preventing generation of static electricity. 
         [0081]      FIG. 4  is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to another embodiment. In  FIG. 4 , like reference numerals as in  FIGS. 1 to 3  will denote like elements, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted herein for conciseness. 
         [0082]    In the method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to the present embodiment, first, the guide plate  100  according to the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1  and an array substrate  20  according to another embodiment may be prepared. The array substrate  20  may include a first electrode  281  exposed partially by the opening portion  10   a  and a bank layer  270 ′ disposed to cover a portion of the first electrode  281 . 
         [0083]    In the method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to the present embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , two or more bank layers  270 ′ may be included and the bank layers  270 ′ may be formed to have different heights, e.g., along the third direction Z. As an embodiment, some bank layers  270 ′ may be formed to have the same height, and the other bank layers  270 ′ may be formed to have different heights. For example, heights of the bank layers  270 ′ may increase gradually away from the side or location where the LED chip  300  is inserted. That is, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , a height h 1  of the bank layer  270 ′ located closest to the side where the LED chip  300  is inserted is shorter than that of increasingly taller bank layers  270 ′ located away from the side where the LED chip  300  is inserted having heights h 2 , h 3 , and h 4 , respectively, such that h 1 &lt;h 2 &lt;h 3 &lt;h 4  may be satisfied. 
         [0084]    Next, as in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 3B , the guide plate  100  and the array substrate  20  illustrated in  FIG. 4  may be joined together. Thereafter, the LED chip  300  may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1  so that the LED chip  300  may move in the first direction X. 
         [0085]    In this case, according to the method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to the present embodiment, by using the array substrate  20  in which the heights of the bank layers  270 ′ increase gradually away from the side where the LED chip  300  is inserted, the probability of the LED chip  300  being seated also on the opening portion  10   a  located distant from the side where the LED chip  300  is inserted may be increased. 
         [0086]    That is, since the heights of the bank layers  270 ′ increase gradually away from the side where the LED chip  300  is inserted, the probability of the moving LED chip  300  being bumped against the bank layer  270 ′ may be increased. Consequently, since the moving speed of the LED chip  300  bumped against the bank layer  270 ′ is reduced, the probability of it being seated on the opening portion  10   a  may be increased. 
         [0087]      FIG. 5  is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to another embodiment. In  FIG. 5 , like reference numerals as in  FIGS. 1 to 3  will denote like elements, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted herein for conciseness. 
         [0088]    In the method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to the present embodiment, the LED chip  300  may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1 , so that the LED chip  300  may be seated on the opening portion  10   a  while moving in the first direction X. The LED chip  300  may flow and move in the first tunnel T 1  by various moving mediums, e.g., a solution, air, or inert gas as described above. 
         [0089]    In the method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to the present embodiment, a flexible particle  400  may be inserted into the moving medium together with the LED chip  300 . The flexible particle  400  is not limited to a particular material and may be any particle including a soft and flexible material. 
         [0090]    Although  FIG. 5  illustrates the flexible particle  400  existing in the first tunnel T 1 , this is merely an embodiment and the number and shape of flexible particles  400  are not limited thereto. As an embodiment, the LED chip  300  and the flexible particle  400  may be inserted together into the solution, and the resulting structure may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1 . As another embodiment, the LED chip  300  and the flexible particle  400  may be inserted together into the air or inert gas, and the resulting structure may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1 . 
         [0091]    When two or more LED chips  300  are inserted into the first tunnel T 1 , the LED chips  300  may collide with each other while moving and thus the LED chip  300  may be damaged. Thus, according to the method of manufacturing a display apparatus according to the present embodiment, since the flexible particle  400  is inserted together with the LED chip  300 , the probability of the LED chips  300  being bumped against each other may be reduced and the LED chip  300  may bump against the flexible particle  400  without damage. 
         [0092]    As an embodiment, the LED chips  300  and the flexible particles  400  may be alternately inserted thereinto. That is, when the flexible particle  400  is disposed between two LED chips  300  as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , since the LED chips  300  may not bump each other and the flexible particle  400  may perform a shock-absorbing function. Thus, the LED chip  300  may be prevented from being damaged and a higher-reliability display apparatus may be manufactured. 
         [0093]      FIG. 6  is a perspective view schematically illustrating an LED chip mounting apparatus according to another embodiment. In  FIG. 6 , like reference numerals as in  FIG. 1  will denote like elements, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted herein for conciseness. 
         [0094]    An LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment may include a guide plate  100 ′ including at least one first tunnel T 1  and at least one second tunnel T 2 . The guide plate  100 ′ may include a first surface  100 ′- 1  and a second surface  100 ′- 2  opposite to the first surface  100 ′- 1 . The first tunnel T 1  and the second tunnel T 2  may be disposed at the second surface  100 ′- 2  of the guide plate  100 ′. The first tunnel T 1  may be disposed to extend in the first direction X and the second tunnel T 2  may be disposed to extend in the second direction Y perpendicular to the first direction X. 
         [0095]    Although  FIG. 6  illustrates an embodiment in which five first tunnels T 1  and seven second tunnels T 2  are disposed at the second surface  100 ′- 2 , the number of first tunnels T 1  and the number of second tunnels T 2  are not limited thereto. For example, one or more first tunnels T 1  and one or more second tunnels T 2  may be disposed at the second surface  100 ′- 2 . 
         [0096]    In the LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 6 , the first tunnel T 1  and the second tunnel T 2  may be formed to pass through two pairs of two surfaces that are perpendicular to the first surface  100 ′- 1  and the second surface  100 ′- 2  and face each other, e.g., side surfaces of the guide plate  100 ′ that face each other. In this case, the second surface  100 ′- 2  of the guide plate  100 ′ may include a concave portion  100   a  and a convex portion  100   b.    
         [0097]    That is, since the first tunnel T 1  and the second tunnel T 2  are disposed at the second surface  100 ′- 2  to pass through the side surfaces of the guide plate  100 ′, the concave portion  100   a  of the second surface  100 ′- 2  may correspond to a portion where the first tunnel T 1  and the second tunnel T 2  are formed, and the convex portion  100   b  may correspond to a portion adjacent to the concave portion  100   a  and where the first tunnel T 1  and the second tunnel T 2  are not formed. 
         [0098]    As an embodiment, when two or more first tunnels T 1  and two or more second tunnels T 2  are disposed at the second surface  100 ′- 2 , the concave portion  100   a  may correspond to a portion where the first tunnel T 1  and the second tunnel T 2  are formed and the convex portion  100   b  may correspond to a portion between two first tunnels T 1  and a portion between two second tunnels T 2 . In the LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment, since at least one first tunnel T 1  and at least one second tunnel T 2  are formed at the second surface  100 ′- 2  of the guide plate  100 ′, the second surface  100 ′- 2  may be include a mesh structure. 
         [0099]    In the method of manufacturing a display apparatus by using the LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment, at least one LED chip  300  may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1  in the first direction X or may be inserted into the second tunnel T 2  in the second direction Y. As an embodiment, when two or more LED chips  300  are inserted, they may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1  or into the second tunnel T 2 . The method of manufacturing a display apparatus by using the LED chip mounting apparatus according to the present embodiment may increase the LED chip mounting accuracy to improve the display apparatus manufacturing efficiency. 
         [0100]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a schematic bottom view of an LED chip mounting apparatus according to another embodiment and a schematic plan view of an array substrate according to another embodiment.  FIG. 7B  is a cross-sectional view schematically illustrating a method of manufacturing a display apparatus by using the array substrate and the LED chip mounting apparatus of  FIG. 7A . In  FIGS. 7A and 7B , like reference numerals as in  FIGS. 1 to 5  will denote like elements, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted herein for conciseness. 
         [0101]    An LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment may include a guide plate  100  (see  FIG. 1 ) and a mask M. Hereinafter, the LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment will be described with reference to  FIGS. 1 and 7A . 
         [0102]    The LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment may include the guide plate  100  including at least one first tunnel T 1  (see  FIG. 1 ) as in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 1  and the mask M located at the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100 . The mask M may be disposed in at least a partial region of the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100 . 
         [0103]      FIG. 7A  is a bottom view of the LED chip mounting apparatus according to another embodiment. Thus, referring to  FIGS. 1 and 7A , the mask M may contact at least a portion of the concave portion  100   b  of the second surface  100 - 2  to overlap at least one convex portion  100   a.    
         [0104]    Since the array substrate  10  is attached to the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100  as described above, the mask M may be disposed between the array substrate  10  and the second surface  100 - 2  of the guide plate  100 . In the LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment, since the mask M is disposed at the second surface  100 - 2  corresponding to, e.g., overlapping or covering, portions except the target mounting position for the LED chip  300 , the mounting accuracy of the LED chip  300  may be improved. 
         [0105]    As illustrated in  FIG. 7B , a plurality of first pixel units PX 1 , second pixel units PX 2 , and third pixel units PX 3  may be arranged on the array substrate  10 . Although not illustrated, as in the case of  FIG. 2A , an opening portion  10   a  may be formed to correspond to each of the first pixel unit PX 1 , the second pixel unit PX 2 , and the third pixel unit PX 3 . 
         [0106]    As an embodiment, the first pixel unit PX 1 , the second pixel unit PX 2 , and the third pixel unit PX 3  may be respectively pixel units emitting a first color, a second color, and a third color; and the first color, the second color, and the third color may be respectively red (R), green (G), and blue (B). However, embodiments are not limited thereto, and the first pixel unit PX 1 , the second pixel unit PX 2 , and the third pixel unit PX 3  may emit other colors of lights. Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is assumed that the first color, the second color, and the third color are respectively red (R), green (G), and blue (B). 
         [0107]    In the array substrate  10  according to the present embodiment, the first pixel unit PX 1 , the second pixel unit PX 2 , and the third pixel unit PX 3  may be arranged sequentially in the row direction as illustrated in  FIG. 7A . Also, the pixel units emitting the same color may be arranged in the column direction. That is, as an embodiment, a plurality of first pixel units PX 1  emitting red (R) may be arranged in the first column, and a plurality of second pixel units PX 2  emitting green (G) may be arranged in the second column. 
         [0108]    As described above, since the mask M may be disposed in at least a partial region of the second surface  100 - 2 , it may be disposed at a position corresponding to at least a portion among the first pixel unit PX 1 , the second pixel unit PX 2 , and the third pixel unit PX 3  on the array substrate  10 . In the method of manufacturing a display apparatus by using the LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment, at least one first color LED chip  300 R may be inserted into the first tunnel T 1  as illustrated in  FIG. 7B . The first color LED chip  300 R may be an LED chip emitting the first color R. That is, the first color (R) LED chip  300 R may be a red LED chip. 
         [0109]    In the LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment, the mask M may be disposed at a position corresponding to a plurality of second pixel units PX 2  and third pixel units PX 3  as illustrated in  FIGS. 7A and 7B . That is, in a plurality of second pixel units PX 2  and third pixel units PX 3  located at the array substrate  10 , opening portions  10   a  corresponding to the second pixel units PX 2  and the third pixel units PX 3  may be blocked by the mask M. 
         [0110]    Thus, when at least one first color LED chip  300 R is inserted into the first tunnel T 1 , since the mask M blocks the opening portion  10   a  of the second pixel units PX 2  and the third pixel units PX 3 , the first color LED chip  300 R may be seated on opening portions  10   a  corresponding to the first pixel units PX 1 . That is, since the first color LED chip  300 R is not seated in the other pixel units, but may be seated only on opening portions  10   a  corresponding to the first pixel units PX 1  emitting the first color R, the LED chip mounting accuracy may be improved. 
         [0111]    The LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment is for accurately mounting the first color LED chip  300 R, and an LED chip mounting apparatus  100 G or  100 B (not illustrated) for mounting a second color LED chip  300 G (not illustrated) or a third color LED chip  300 B (not illustrated) may be formed like the LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R according to the present embodiment. That is, although not illustrated, the LED chip mounting apparatus  100 G for accurately mounting the second color LED chip  300 G (not illustrated) may include the mask M disposed at the position corresponding to the first pixel units PX 1  and the third pixel units PX 3 . Also, the LED chip mounting apparatus  100 B for accurately mounting the third color LED chip  300 B may include the mask M disposed at the position corresponding to the first pixel units PX 1  and the second pixel units PX 2 . 
         [0112]      FIG. 8  illustrates a schematic bottom view of an LED chip mounting apparatus according to another embodiment and a schematic plan view of an array substrate according to another embodiment. In  FIG. 8 , like reference numerals as in  FIG. 7A  will denote like elements, and redundant descriptions thereof will be omitted herein for conciseness. 
         [0113]    A plurality of first pixel units PX 1 , second pixel units PX 2 , and third pixel units PX 3  may be arranged on the array substrate  10  according to the present embodiment. In the array substrate  10  according to the present embodiment, the first pixel unit PX 1 , the second pixel unit PX 2 , and the third pixel unit PX 3  may be arranged sequentially in the column direction. Also, the pixel units emitting the same color may be arranged in the row direction. That is, as an embodiment, a plurality of first pixel units PX 1  emitting red (R) may be arranged in the first row, a plurality of second pixel units PX 2  emitting green (G) may be arranged in the second row, and a plurality of third pixel units PX 3  emitting blue (B) may be arranged in the third row. 
         [0114]    An LED chip mounting apparatus  100 R′ according to the present embodiment is for mounting the first color LED chip  300 R (see  FIG. 7B ), and may include a mask M′ disposed at a position corresponding to the second pixel units PX 2  and the third pixel units PX 3 . Since the mask M blocks the opening portion  10   a  of the second pixel units PX 2  and the third pixel units PX 3 , the first color LED chip  300 R may be seated on the opening portion  10   a  of the first pixel units PX 1 . That is, since the first color LED chip  300 R is blocked from being seated in opening portions corresponding to the other pixel units, e.g., may be seated only on opening portions  10   a  corresponding to the first pixel units PX 1  emitting the first color R, the LED chip mounting accuracy may be improved. 
         [0115]    By way of summation and review, while inorganic LEDs are cheaper, brighter, and longer in life than the organic LEDs, but, unlike organic LEDS, inorganic LEDs may not be formed directly on a flexible substrate by using a thin film process. Therefore, mass production thereof is complicated. 
         [0116]    One or more embodiments include methods of manufacturing full-color display apparatuses by transferring inorganic LEDs to flexible substrates. According to the one or more embodiments, the accuracy in the LED chip mounting process may be improved. Also, the damage to the LED chip in the LED chip mounting process may be minimized. One or more embodiments provide an LED chip mounting apparatus to facilitate mounting of LED chips. 
         [0117]    Example embodiments have been disclosed herein, and although specific terms are employed, they are used and are to be interpreted in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purpose of limitation. In some instances, as would be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art as of the filing of the present application, features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with a particular embodiment may be used singly or in combination with features, characteristics, and/or elements described in connection with other embodiments unless otherwise specifically indicated. Accordingly, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that various changes in form and details may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the following claims.