Abstract:
A thermostat includes a control unit, a plurality of connection ports, and a user interface operatively coupled to the control unit an having an electronic display. The control unit may be configured and programmed to operate the wire insertion sensing circuits to identify a set of the plurality of connection ports into which corresponding ones of the plurality of HVAC wires have been inserted; cause the electronic display to display a photograph of the plurality of connection ports as they actually appear to a user; and cause the electronic display to visually highlight the set of the plurality of connection ports into which the corresponding ones of the plurality of HVAC wires have been inserted.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/292,642 filed May 30, 2014, which is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/038,191 filed Mar. 1, 2011, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,757,507, which claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional No. 61/429,093 filed Dec. 31, 2010 and U.S. Provisional No. 61/415,771 filed Nov. 19, 2010, each of which is incorporated by reference herein. The subject matter of this patent specification relates to the subject matter of the following commonly assigned applications: U.S. Ser. No. 12/881,430 filed Sep. 14, 2010; U.S. Ser. No. 12/881,463 filed Sep. 14, 2010; U.S. Ser. No. 12/987,257 filed Jan. 10, 2011; U.S. Ser. No. 13/034,666 filed Feb. 24, 2011; U.S. Ser. No. 13/034,674 filed Feb. 24, 2011; and U.S. Ser. No. 13/034,678 filed Feb. 24, 2011. Each of the above-referenced patent applications is incorporated by reference herein. The above-referenced patent applications are collectively referenced hereinbelow as “the commonly assigned incorporated applications.” 
     
    
     FIELD 
       [0002]    This patent specification relates to the monitoring and control of heating, cooling, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. More particularly, this patent specification relates to systems, methods, and related computer program products for facilitating a user-friendly thermostat installation process. 
       BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY 
       [0003]    Substantial effort and attention continues toward the development of newer and more sustainable energy supplies, the conservation of energy by increased energy efficiency remains crucial to the world&#39;s energy future. According to an October 2010 report from the U.S. Department of Energy, heating and cooling account for 56% of the energy use in a typical U.S. home, making it the largest energy expense for most homes. Along with improvements in the physical plant associated with home heating and cooling (e.g., improved insulation, higher efficiency furnaces), substantial increases in energy efficiency can be achieved by better control and regulation of home heating and cooling equipment. By activating heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) equipment for judiciously selected time intervals and carefully chosen operating levels, substantial energy can be saved while at the same time keeping the living space suitably comfortable for its occupants. 
         [0004]    It would be beneficial, at both a societal level and on a per-home basis, for a large number of homes to have their existing older thermostats replaced by newer, microprocessor controlled “intelligent” thermostats having more advanced HVAC control capabilities that can save energy while also keeping the occupants comfortable. In furtherance of this goal, it would be desirable to provide a thermostat whose intelligence is directed not only toward energy savings and human comfort, but whose intelligence is also directed toward making its own installation process as simple and elegant as possible, such that the average do-it-yourselfer, handyman, or other person not having special HVAC system training could undertake the thermostat retrofit process. 
         [0005]    In U.S. Ser. No. 05/065,813, which is incorporated by reference herein, an interactive electronic thermostat with installation assistance is discussed. As part of a user-interactive installation testing process discussed therein, the user is required to provide answers to questions presented to them by the system (such as the question, “What turned on?”) about HVAC events that are currently happening. The thermostat discussed in U.S. Ser. No. 05/065,813 believed to bring about one or more disadvantages and/or to contain one or more shortcomings that are addressed and/or avoided by a thermostat provided according to one or more of the embodiments described hereinbelow. Other issues arise as would be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading the present disclosure. 
         [0006]    Provided according to one or more embodiments is a thermostat and related systems, methods, and computer program products for facilitating user-friendly installation thereof. Provided according to one embodiment is a thermostat for controlling the operation of an HVAC system having a plurality of wires requiring connection to the thermostat, each wire being associated with a distinct HVAC signal type. The thermostat comprises a control unit including at least one processor and at least one environmental sensor, and further includes a plurality of connection ports. Each connection port is associated with a predetermined HVAC signal type, and is configured to receive one of the plurality of wires. Associated with each connection port is a wire insertion sensing circuit that identifies to the control unit the presence or absence of an inserted wire therein. The thermostat further comprises a user interface operatively coupled to the control unit, the user interface including at least one output device for providing output information to a user and at least one input device for receiving one or more user inputs. The control unit is configured and programmed to cause the thermostat to carry out an installation verification process. In the installation verification process, the insertion sensing circuits are operated to identify a first subset of the connection ports into which wires have been inserted, the first subset of connection ports having an associated first subset of HVAC signal types. A first candidate HVAC operating function that is consistent with the first subset of HVAC signal types is identified. A first set of control signals is applied to the HVAC system through one or more of the first subset of connection ports, the first set of control signals being configured to instantiate operation of the HVAC system according to the first candidate HVAC operating function. Upon application of the first set of control signals, a first time sequence of environmental readings is acquired using the environmental sensor and processed to automatically determine, without requiring an input from the user, whether the HVAC system has successfully operated according to the first candidate HVAC operating function. An indication of an error condition is provided on the user display if the automatic determination is that the HVAC system has not successfully operated according to the first candidate operating function. 
         [0007]    According to another embodiment, the installation verification process carried out by the thermostat further comprises receiving a first input from the user that is indicative of a completion of insertion of the required plurality of wires. Subsequent to receiving the first input, and before applying any set of operating control signals to the HVAC system including the first set of control signals, a second input is received from the user indicative of a user selection to begin normal operation of the HVAC system. Responsive to the received second input and before applying any set of operating control signals to the HVAC system including the first set of control signals, the identification of the first candidate HVAC operating function proceeds in a manner that is consistent with normal operation of the thermostat. More particularly, the first candidate HVAC operating function is assigned as a heating function or a cooling function, but only if the normal operation of the thermostat would call for such heating or cooling function (e.g., the heating function if the current temperature is less than or equal to a heating trip point temperature of the thermostat and the heating function is consistent with the first subset of HVAC signal types, and the cooling function if the current temperature is greater than or equal to a cooling trip point temperature of the thermostat and the cooling function is consistent with the first subset of HVAC signal types). Thus, the first candidate HVAC operating function is not identified, and no operating control signals are applied to the HVAC system, unless and until such operating function would be normally carried out at the currently sensed temperature. 
         [0008]    According to another embodiment, an automated determination of a heat pump call convention is performed as part of the installation verification process for cases in which the insertion of an O/B wire was automatically detected as part of the automated wire insertion sensing process. If the first candidate HVAC operating function is a heating function, a first heat pump heating call is applied to the HVAC system according to a first heat pump call convention, and the room temperature is monitored to sense an associated temperature change. If an associated temperature rise is detected, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump heating functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the first heat pump call convention. In contrast, if an associated temperature decrease is detected upon applying the first heat pump heating call, a second heat pump heating call is applied to the HVAC system according to a second heat pump call convention, and the room temperature is again monitored to sense an associated temperature change. If an associated temperature rise is detected, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump heating functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the second heat pump call convention, whereas an indication of an error condition is provided on the user display if the associated temperature rise is not detected. If the first candidate HVAC operating function is a cooling function, a first heat pump cooling call is applied to the HVAC system according to the first (or second) heat pump call convention, and the room temperature is monitored to sense an associated temperature change. If an associated temperature decrease is detected, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump cooling functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the first (or second) heat pump call convention. In contrast, if an associated temperature rise is detected upon applying the first heat pump cooling call, a second heat pump cooling call is applied to the HVAC system according to the second (or first) heat pump call convention, and the room temperature is again monitored to sense an associated temperature change. If an associated temperature decrease is detected, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump cooling functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the second (or first) heat pump call convention, whereas an indication of an error condition is provided on the user display if the associated temperature decrease is not detected. For one embodiment, the first heat pump call convention comprises (i) for a heat pump heating call, energizing a cooling call (Y1) signal type while not energizing the heat pump (O/B) signal type, and (ii) for a heat pump cooling call, energizing Y1 while also energizing O/B, while the second heat pump call convention is a reverse of the first convention, i.e., energizing Y1 while also energizing O/B for a heat pump heating call, and energizing Y1 while not energizing O/B for a heat pump cooling call. Advantageously, the identification of the heat pump call convention is made automatically in the background, without requiring the user to manually adjust any wirings or settings, and without requiring the user to tell the thermostat what particular actions the HVAC system is taking or not taking. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0009]      FIGS. 1A-1C  illustrate external views of a thermostat according to an embodiment; 
           [0010]      FIG. 2A  illustrates a building enclosure including a thermostat and an HVAC system according to an embodiment; 
           [0011]      FIG. 2B  illustrates a conceptual diagram of an HVAC system connected to a thermostat according to an embodiment; 
           [0012]      FIG. 3  illustrates a thermostat and a functional block diagram thereof according to an embodiment; 
           [0013]      FIG. 4  illustrates connection ports and wire insertion sensing circuitry of a thermostat according to an embodiment; 
           [0014]      FIGS. 5A-5E  illustrate user interfaces for displaying selected information and/or receiving selected user inputs according to one or more embodiments; and 
           [0015]      FIGS. 6-7  each illustrate facilitating user-friendly installation of a thermostat according to an embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0016]    It is to be appreciated that while one or more embodiments are described further herein in the context of typical residential home installations, such as single-family residential homes, and are particularly advantageous in the context of HVAC systems having relatively modest complexity, the scope of the present teachings is not so limited. More generally, thermostats according to one or more of the preferred embodiments are applicable for a wide variety of enclosures having one or more HVAC systems including, without limitation, duplexes, townhomes, multi-unit apartment buildings, hotels, retail stores, office buildings and industrial buildings. By relatively modest complexity, it is meant for some embodiments that the HVAC signal types involved in controlling the HVAC system of the enclosure are limited to the following HVAC signal types or subsets thereof: heating call (W1), cooling call (Y1), fan call (G), heat pump (O/B), common (C), auxiliary (AUX), heating call power (Rh), cooling call power (Rc), and, for some systems not having separate heating/cooling call power, a generic call power (R). It is to be appreciated that while the terms user, customer, installer, homeowner, occupant, guest, tenant, landlord, repair person, and the like may be used to refer to the person or persons who are interacting with the thermostat or other device or user interface in the context of one or more scenarios described herein, these references are by no means to be considered as limiting the scope of the present teachings with respect to the person or persons who are performing such actions. 
         [0017]      FIGS. 1A-1C  illustrate external views of a thermostat  100  that may be configured and programmed to facilitate user-friendly installation thereof according to one or more embodiments. For some embodiments, the thermostat  100  corresponds to one or more of the intelligent, wirelessly communicating thermostatic units described in one or more of the commonly assigned incorporated applications, supra, such units being referenced alternatively as versatile sensing and control units, VSCUs, and/or sensing microsystems in some of the commonly assigned incorporated applications. As facilitated by its lightweight character, thermostat  100  preferably has a sleek, elegant appearance that does not detract from home decoration, and indeed can serve as a visually pleasing centerpiece for the immediate location in which it is installed. The thermostat  100  comprises a main body  108  that is preferably circular with a diameter of about 8 cm, and that has a visually pleasing outer finish, such as a satin nickel or chrome finish. Separated from the main body  108  by a small peripheral gap  110  is a cap-like structure comprising a rotatable outer ring  106 , a sensor ring  104 , and a circular display monitor  102 . The outer ring  106  preferably has an outer finish identical to that of the main body  108 , while the sensor ring  104  and circular display monitor  102  have a common circular glass (or plastic) outer covering that is gently arced in an outward direction and that provides a sleek yet solid and durable-looking overall appearance. The sensor ring  104  contains any of a wide variety of sensors including, without limitation, infrared sensors, visible-light sensors, and acoustic sensors. Preferably, the glass (or plastic) that covers the sensor ring  104  is smoked or mirrored such that the sensors themselves are not visible to the user. An air venting functionality is preferably provided, such as by virtue of the peripheral gap  110 , which allows the ambient air to be sensed by an internal temperature sensor and any other internal sensors. 
         [0018]    As discussed elsewhere in the commonly assigned incorporated applications, supra, for one embodiment the thermostat  100  is controlled by only two types of user input, the first being a rotation of the outer ring  106  ( FIG. 1B ), and the second being an inward push on the outer ring  106  ( FIG. 1C ) until an audible and/or tactile “click” occurs. By virtue of user rotation of the outer ring  106  and the inward pushing of the outer ring  106  responsive to intuitive and easy-to-read prompts on the circular display monitor  102 , the thermostat  100  is advantageously capable of receiving all necessary information from the user for basic setup and operation. 
         [0019]      FIG. 2A  illustrates a thermostat  100  as installed in a house  201  having an HVAC system  299  and a set of control wires  298  extending therefrom. The thermostat  100  is connected to the HVAC system  299  by the control wires  298  for control thereof. As discussed elsewhere in the commonly assigned incorporated applications, supra, one or more additional, similar thermostat units (not shown) can be installed in the house  201 , the multiple thermostat units communicating wirelessly with each other to optimize the control of the HVAC system  299  (and any additional HVAC systems in the house  201 , each HVAC system being wired to a dedicated one of the thermostat units). An additional thermostat unit that is not wired to a respective HVAC system can be disposed in a cradle or a docking station, for example, and placed on a nightstand or in another strategic location in the house  201 . 
         [0020]      FIG. 2B  illustrates an exemplary diagram of the HVAC system  299  of  FIG. 2A . HVAC system  299  provides heating, cooling, ventilation, and/or air handling for an enclosure, such as the single-family home  201  depicted in  FIG. 2A . The HVAC system  299  depicts a forced air type heating system, although according to other embodiments, other types of systems could be used. In heating, heating coils or elements  242  within air handler  240  provide a source of heat using electricity or gas via line  236 . Cool air is drawn from the enclosure via return air duct  246  through filter  270  using fan  238  and is heated by the heating coils or elements  242 . The heated air flows back into the enclosure at one or more locations through a supply air duct system  252  and supply air grills such as grill  250 . In cooling, an outside compressor  230  passes a gas such as Freon through a set of heat exchanger coils to cool the gas. The gas then goes via line  232  to the cooling coils  234  in the air handlers  240  where it expands, cools and cools the air being circulated through the enclosure via fan  238 . According to some embodiments a humidifier  262  is also provided which moistens the air using water provided by a water line  264 . Although not shown in  FIG. 2B , according to some embodiments the HVAC system for the enclosure has other known components such as dedicated outside vents to pass air to and from the outside, one or more dampers to control airflow within the duct systems, an emergency heating unit, and a dehumidifier. The HVAC system is selectively actuated via control electronics  212  that communicate with the thermostat  100  over control wires  298 . 
         [0021]      FIG. 3  illustrates a thermostat  100  and a conceptual functional block diagram thereof according to an embodiment. The thermostat  100  of  FIG. 3  is illustrated at a point in time during an exemplary normal mode of operation, with the display monitor  102  displaying a current temperature  352  and a set point icon  354 . Thermostat  100  comprises connection ports  302 , wire insertion sensing circuitry  304 , a control unit  306 , and a user interface circuitry  312 . The control unit  306  includes a processor  310  and at least one environmental sensor  308  such as, but not limited to, a temperature sensor. In addition to being coupled to the control unit  306  for control thereby and the display monitor  102 , the user interface circuitry  312  is further coupled to the outer ring  106  for receiving user inputs of the type described with respect to  FIGS. 1B-1C , supra. 
         [0022]    The thermostat  100  comprises physical hardware and firmware configurations, along with hardware, firmware, and software programming that is capable of carrying out the currently described methods. In view of the instant disclosure, a person skilled in the art would be able to realize the physical hardware and firmware configurations and the hardware, firmware, and software programming that embody the physical and functional features described herein without undue experimentation using publicly available hardware and firmware components and known programming tools and development platforms. 
         [0023]      FIG. 4  illustrates a conceptual diagram of the thermostat  100  with particular reference to the connection ports  302  and wire insertion sensing circuitry  304 . It is to be appreciated that the connection ports  302  and wire insertion sensing circuitry  304  can, in whole or in part, be separably or inseparably integral with the main body of the thermostat  100  without departing from the scope of the present teachings. Thus, for example, for one embodiment the connection ports  302  and wire insertion sensing circuitry  304  can be inseparably integral with the main body of the thermostat  100 , with the HVAC wires being inserted directly into the back before placement on the wall as a single monolithic unit. In another embodiment, the connection ports  302  and wire insertion sensing circuitry  304  can be located in a wall plate unit to which the main body of the thermostat attaches, it being understood that references herein to the insertion of wires into the thermostat encompass embodiments in which the wires are inserted into the wall plate and the main body is attached to the wall plate to form the completed thermostat  100 . 
         [0024]    As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , each connection port  302  is associated with a predetermined HVAC signal type. For one embodiment that has been found to provide an optimal balance between simplicity of installation for do-it-yourselfers and a reasonably broad retrofit applicability for a large number of homes, there are eight (8) connection ports  302  provided, which are dedicated respectively to a selected group of HVAC signal types consisting of heating call power (Rh), heating call (W1), cooling call (Y1), fan call (G), common (C), heat pump (O/B), auxiliary (AUX), and heating call power (Rh). Preferably, the thermostat  100  is of a “jumperless” type according to the commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 13/034,674, supra, such that (i) the Rh and Rc connection ports automatically remain shunted together for cases in which there is a single call power wire provided by the HVAC system, one or the other connection port receiving a single call power wire (which might be labeled R, V, Rh, or Rc depending on the particular HVAC installation), and (ii) the Rh and Rc connection ports are automatically electrically segregated for cases in which there are dual call power wires provided by the HVAC system that are inserted. 
         [0025]    According to one embodiment, wire insertion sensing circuitry  304  includes, for each connection port  302 , a port sensing circuit  442  that communicates with the processor  310  over a pair of electrical leads  444 . Although the port sensing circuit  442  can operate in a variety of different ways without departing from the scope of the present teachings, in one embodiment the control port sensing circuit  442  comprises a two-position switch (not shown) coupled to the electrical leads  444 , the two-position switch being closed to short the electrical leads  444  together when no wire has been inserted into the associated connection port  302 , the two-position switch being mechanically urged into an open position to electrically segregate the electrical leads  444  when a wire is inserted into the associated connection port  302 . The processor  310  thereby is able to readily sense when a wire is inserted into the connection port by virtue of the shorted or open state of the electrical leads  444 . One particularly advantageous configuration that implements the combined functionality of the connection port  302  and the port sensing circuit  442  is described in the commonly assigned U.S. Ser. No. 13/034,666, supra. 
         [0026]      FIG. 5A  illustrates a front view of the thermostat  100  at a point in time during or immediately after the user has inserted the HVAC wires and the unit has become electrically activated, the display monitor  102  displaying an “Equipment detected” screen  501  for quickly and intuitively communicating a status regarding the connection ports in which respective HVAC wires have been sensed. For one embodiment, the screen  501  becomes displayed as soon as any wire insertion has been sensed and there is sufficient electrical power available (from the onboard rechargeable battery, for instance, and/or a power stealing scheme when a 24 VAC powered wire has been inserted) for the thermostat  501  to perform the wire sensing and display functions. This can allow the user to view the screen  501  in real time as the wires are inserted. For another embodiment, which is more consistent with a two-part construction in which the wires are inserted into a wall plate and then the body of the thermostat is mounted on the wall plate, the screen  501  appears once that mounting is complete (which is necessarily subsequent to wire insertion) and power availability has been established. 
         [0027]    Displayed on screen  501  is a photographic aerial view  502  of the connection ports  302  as they would actually appear to the user who is about to perform the wire insertion process. Although other graphical representations of the connection ports  302  are within the scope of the present teachings, the realism afforded by the photographic aerial view  502  is preferred in that there is one less mental step required in cognitively mapping between the physical world of the actual device and the conceptual world of the screen  501 , thereby decreasing the likelihood of user mistakes or misinterpretations. The photographic aerial view  502  includes an aerial image  504  of each connection port including a symbol  505  thereon representative of its associated HVAC signal type. Next to each aerial image  504  is a simplified text description  508  of its associated HVAC signal type. For any particular connection port into which a wire insertion has been detected, the associated aerial image  504  is visually highlighted, such as by using superimposed visual shading  506 , emboldening of the simplified test description  508 , and superimposing a wire stub icon  507  thereon. 
         [0028]    By looking at the screen  501 , the user can quickly and accurately identify (i) the HVAC signal type identity of a first subset of the connection ports  302  into which wires have been inserted, as well as (ii) the HVAC signal type identity of a second subset of the connection ports  302  into which wires have not been inserted. For the example of  FIG. 5A , it is readily apparent that inserted wires have been detected for the Rh, W1, and C connection ports, and that no wires have been inserted in the Y1, G, O/B, AUX, or Rc ports. Screen  501  further includes user input icons  510  (positive confirmation that the user agrees with the representation of which wires were inserted) and  512  (user disagrees with the representation), which can be selected using left-right rotation of the outer ring  106  (to toggle the highlighting of icons  510  and  512 ) and an inward clicking of the outer ring  106  (to affirmatively select the highlighted icon). 
         [0029]      FIG. 5B  illustrates a user interface screen for displaying a first inquiry and receiving a corresponding first inquiry response, the first inquiry relating to whether the HVAC system provides electric heat versus heat from gas or oil. According to one embodiment, the user interface screen of  FIG. 5B  is deployed subsequent to receiving a positive wire insertion confirmation at the screen of  FIG. 5A , and prior to sending any operational control signals to the HVAC system, in the event that a heat call (W1) signal type is detected. 
         [0030]      FIG. 5C  illustrates a user interface screen for displaying a second inquiry and receiving a corresponding second inquiry response, the second inquiry relating to whether the HVAC system provides forced-air heat versus non-forced air (radiant) heat. According to one embodiment, the user interface screen of  FIG. 5C  is deployed subsequent to receiving a positive wire insertion confirmation at the screen of  FIG. 5A , and prior to sending any operational control signals to the HVAC system, in the event that a combination of heat call (W1) and fan (G) signal types are detected. As indicated by the arrow and “click” notations on  FIGS. 5B-5C , the user can provide a response using the left-right rotation of the outer ring  106  to toggle the highlighting among the multiple choices and an inward clicking of the outer ring  106  to affirmatively select the highlighted choice. 
         [0031]    One of the features and advantages of one or more of the embodiments is that one or more potentially ambiguous scenarios (for example, the heat pump call signal convention as described further infra) are automatically resolved either by automated testing, by deduction based on the HVAC signal type identity of the inserted wires, and/or by a combination of automated testing and deduction. In this way, the user does not need to be bothered with details of resolving the ambiguity, thereby making the installation process more streamlined, enjoyable, and reliable. However, for the modest-complexity collection of HVAC signal types shown in the embodiment of  FIG. 5A  (Rh, W1, C, Y1, G, O/B, AUX, and Rc) it has been found prudent to deploy the user interface screen of  FIG. 5B  in the event the heat call (W1) signal type has been detected, and to further deploy the user interface screen of  FIG. 5C  in the event that both the heat call (W1) and fan (G) signal types have been detected. 
         [0032]    For HVAC systems having a W1 signal type without a G signal type, it is possible that the HVAC system has a type of forced-air gas or oil furnace that controls its own fan actuation and therefore requires no thermostat-provided G signal type, while also being possible that the HVAC system has radiant heat (which requires no G signal type). On the other hand, for HVAC systems having a W1 signal type with a G signal type, it is possible that the HVAC system has a type of forced-air gas or oil furnace that relies on the G signal type to be provided from the thermostat, while also being possible that the HVAC system has radiant heat (with the G signal type being used for cooling system actuation only), while also being possible that the HVAC system is the particular type of forced-air gas or oil furnace that controls its own fan actuation (with the G signal type being used for cooling system actuation only). If an automated testing process for the heating functionality were used in which the G signal was withheld, and if that process were applied to an HVAC system having the type of forced-air gas or oil furnace that relies on the thermostat to provide the G signal type fan actuation, then that furnace could switch into a safety lock-out mode to prevent overheating. It has been found prudent to request the clarifying inputs from the user shown in  FIGS. 5B-5C  for the circumstances described in the preceding paragraph (i.e.,  FIG. 5B  for W1, and adding  FIG. 5C  if G is also present with W1), notwithstanding an overall desired approach of keeping such inquiries to a minimum. 
         [0033]      FIG. 5D  illustrates an optional user interface screen for displaying a conclusion reached by the thermostat regarding one or more aspects of the HVAC system configuration according to an embodiment, and for receiving a user confirmation of that conclusion. The user interface screen of  FIG. 5D  may be invoked after the ambiguity resolving user inquiry screen(s) of  FIG. 5B  (and  FIG. 5C  if applicable), or after the wiring completion confirmation screen of  FIG. 5A  of no ambiguity was detected. The user interface screen of  FIG. 5D  can be useful in giving the user a chance to verify their previous actions and/or answers before continuing. 
         [0034]      FIG. 5E  illustrates an optional user interface screen for allowing the user to choose between beginning normal operation (the upper option in  FIG. 5E ) and launching a user-interactive wiring verification test (the lower option in  FIG. 5E ). For cases in which the user chooses the user-interactive wiring verification test, an interactive process analogous to that of U.S. Ser. No. 05/065,813, supra, is launched in which the thermostat  100  applies a time sequence of heating and cooling control signals (and, optionally, fan only control signals), and then asks the user to provide feedback information about what the HVAC system just did, for example, “Did the heat just turn on?”, “Did the fan just turn on?”, and so forth. According to an embodiment, the user is permitted to choose the option of beginning normal operation, and upon so choosing, all installation verification tests are automatically performed by the thermostat  100  in the background, that is, they are integrated into the normal operation of the thermostat  100 . According to an alternative embodiment, the automated background-only installation verification process proceeds automatically after the wiring completion confirmation of  FIG. 5A  and the ambiguity-resolving user inputs of  FIGS. 5B-5C  (if needed), or after any conclusion confirming inputs of  FIG. 5D  that may optionally be used. 
         [0035]    An automated background-only installation verification process according to an embodiment can substantially enhance the overall appeal of the thermostat  100  to users, while also providing competent functional verification of the installation for the large number of homes and other enclosures having HVAC systems of modest complexity. The automated background-only installation verification process is characterized in that, in addition to being automated (i.e., no sensory feedback is required from the user about what the HVAC system is doing), there is no artificial actuation of the HVAC system into a heating mode or cooling mode that is not actually required at the current temperature of the enclosure, but rather the thermostat  100  will wait until that function is actually needed according to the normal operation of the thermostat  100  before testing it. By normal operation, it is meant that the thermostat  100  is operating to control the enclosure temperature according to one or more predetermined comfort settings, invoking the cooling function when the sensed temperature is above a cooling trip point and invoking the heating function when the sensed temperature is below a heating trip point, wherein the heating and cooling trip points (or equivalent settings such as temperature set point and swing levels) are not artificially modified for sole purpose of invoking a particular heating or cooling call. 
         [0036]    For cases in which the user has not yet interacted with the thermostat  100  to establish their comfort preferences (e.g., in a setup interview), the thermostat  100  can use some conventional default comfort settings to begin the normal operation, such as a heating trip point of 66 degrees and a cooling trip point of 80 degrees. Notably, it may not always be necessary to begin with conventional default comfort settings, since the user may have interacted with the thermostat  100  prior to wiring the thermostat to enter their various comfort preferences, and/or may have, in accordance with another embodiment currently disclosed and/or disclosed in one or more of the above-referenced commonly assigned applications, entered their preferences on a web site provided by the manufacturer who then programmed in those preferences before shipping the unit to the customer. 
         [0037]      FIG. 6  illustrates facilitating user-friendly installation of a thermostat according to an embodiment. At step  602 , the HVAC wires are received into the connection ports  302 . At step  604 , the wiring confirmation screen of  FIG. 5A  is displayed to the user, and the user confirming that the wire insertion process is complete by agreeing with the displayed characterization. At step  606  the thermostat identifies, by automated wire insertion sensing, a first subset of the connection ports into which wires were inserted, the first subset of connection ports having an associated first subset of HVAC signal types. At step  608 , the first subset of HVAC signal types is compared to information representative of known erroneous HVAC signal type combinations. Examples of known erroneous signal type combinations include: common (C) with no other signal types present; call power (Rh and/or Rc and/or “R”) with no cooling call (Y1) and no heat call (W1) present; fan call (G) with no cooling call (Y1) and no heat call (W1) present; and heat pump (O/B) with no cooling call (Y1) present. If such known erroneous signal combination is indeed present, then at step  610  an error indication is provided, such as a message to re-check the wiring and/or to visit a help page at the web site of the thermostat manufacturer to help resolve the issue. 
         [0038]    If no known erroneous signal combination is present at step  608 , then the method proceeds with determining whether there are any known ambiguous HVAC signal type combinations presented by comparing the first subset of HVAC signal types to information representative of known ambiguous HVAC signal type combinations. For reasons relating to the above description for  FIGS. 5B-5C , one particular known ambiguous combination is the presence of a heat call (W1), either by itself or with one or more other signal types present. If the heat call (W1) HVAC signal type has been sensed (step  612 ), then at step  614  the user inquiry and response screen of  FIG. 5B  is deployed, for receiving a clarification whether the HVAC system provides electric heat versus gas/oil heat. Also, if the fan call (G) signal type is present along with heat call (W1) (step  616 ), then at step  618  the user inquiry and response screen of  FIG. 5C  is deployed, for receiving a clarification whether the HVAC system provides forced-air heat versus radiant heat. 
         [0039]    At step  620 , a first candidate HVAC operating function that is consistent with the first subset of HVAC signal types is identified. According to one embodiment in which the automated installation verification is also a background-only process, the first candidate HVAC operating function is selected as a heating function if the current temperature is less than or equal to a normal operating heating trip point temperature of the thermostat and the heating function is consistent with the first subset of HVAC signal types, and is selected as a cooling function if the current temperature is greater than or equal to a normal operating cooling trip point temperature of the thermostat and the cooling function is consistent with the first subset of HVAC signal types, and if the temperature is such that neither of these criteria are met right away, the process halts until the temperature actually changes (and/or the normal comfort settings are changed) to a point where the normal heating or cooling triggers would be sent to the HVAC system. Thus, no operating control signals are sent to the to the HVAC system to activate heating or cooling unless and until such heating or cooling operation would be normally carried out at the currently sensed temperature according to the normal operation of the HVAC system. 
         [0040]    It is to be appreciated that while background-only automated installation verification represents one particularly useful embodiment, the scope of the present teachings is not so limited. Thus, for example, in another embodiment a capability is provided in which the user can affirmatively request that the automated installation verification be carried out immediately. For such embodiment, the user would able to enjoy the benefit of not being required to stand by and tell the thermostat what the HVAC system is doing. This may be particularly convenient if the user plans on stepping out for a while. Notably, however, if the user is planning on staying inside during the automated testing, they should be prepared for the possibility that the HVAC system may drive the enclosure toward artificially uncomfortable temperatures for a period of time (e.g., the heating operation may be invoked on hot day to make an already-warm room hotter, or the cooling operation may be invoked on cold day to make an already-cool room colder). 
         [0041]    At step  622 , a first set of control signals is applied to the HVAC system through one or more of the first subset of connection ports, the first set of control signals being configured to instantiate operation of the HVAC system according to the first candidate HVAC operating function. Also at step  622 , upon the application of the first set of control signals, a first time sequence of temperature readings is acquired and processed to automatically determine, without requiring an input from a user, whether the HVAC system has successfully operated according to the first candidate HVAC operating function. 
         [0042]    At step  622 , if the candidate HVAC operating function is forced air heating using an electric furnace, the first set of control signals includes energizing W1 and G together, if G is present, and the time period needed for affirming that the enclosure is successfully heating up at step  624  will typically be between 5-10 minutes and usually not more than 15 minutes. For forced air heating using a gas or oil furnace, the first set of control signals includes energizing W1 and energizing G if G is present and required, and the time period to affirm success at step  624  is also about 5-10 minutes and usually not more than 15 minutes. For radiant heating, the first set of control signals includes energizing W1 alone in all cases, and the time period needed at step  624  for affirming that the enclosure is successfully heating up will typically be between 30-60 minutes and usually not more than 90 minutes. For cooling without a heat pump, the first set of control signals includes energizing W1 and G together, if G is present, and the time period needed at step  624  for affirming that the enclosure is successfully cooling down will typically be about 20 minutes. For heating or cooling using a heat pump, the steps  622 - 628  are carried out according to a process that is more specifically set forth in  FIG. 7 , infra. 
         [0043]    If it is determined at step  624  that the candidate HVAC operation did not occur, then at step  626  an error condition is indicated on the user interface. If it is determined at step  624  that the candidate HVAC operation did indeed occur, then at step  628  it is determined that the wiring and actuation associated with that candidate HVAC operation, as well as the underlying capability of the HVAC system itself, are all confirmed. The method then proceeds with identifying the next candidate HVAC function at step  620 , which will generally be the opposing function (cooling or heating, respectively) to the function that was just verified (heating or cooling, respectively). Notably, for embodiments in which the automated installation verification is also a background-only process, the next candidate HVAC operation might not actually be verified for days, weeks, or even months depending on the time of year that the thermostat  100  is installed. For example, if thermostat  100  is installed in the midwestern United States in December, the heating functionality may be verified right away, while it may not be until May or June until the temperature gets warm enough that the cooling functionality is automatically tested. In view of the relatively large number of cases that are expected to turn out successfully for modest-complexity HVAC system, it is believed that both the small-scale and large-scale energy-saving benefits promoted by the elegance, simplicity, and user-friendliness afforded by the background-only installation verification process (i.e., faster adoption of the thermostat  100  by a larger number of customers) will outweigh the disadvantages of any delayed installation problem discovery that may take place. 
         [0044]      FIG. 7  facilitating user-friendly installation of a thermostat according to an embodiment. More particularly,  FIG. 7  illustrates one particularly advantageous method for carrying out steps  622 - 628  of  FIG. 6 , supra, for the case in which a heat pump (O/B) HVAC signal type is found to be present in the first subset of HVAC signal types. According to an embodiment, an automated determination of a heat pump call convention is provided as part of the installation verification process. Once the first candidate operating function has been determined (step  702 ) and it is established at step  704  that the O/B signal is present, the method of steps  708 - 734  is carried out. If the first candidate HVAC operating function is a heating function (step  708 ), a first heat pump heating call is applied to the HVAC system according to a first heat pump call convention (step  710 ), and the room temperature is monitored to sense an associated temperature change (step  712 ). Preferably, the first heat pump call convention is selected as the so-called “O” convention that has been found to be present in a large majority of heat pump installations, such that the first guess that is about to be empirically verified will be correct for most cases. For an “O” convention heat pump heating call, the cooling call (Y1) signal type is energized while the heat pump (O/B) signal type is not energized, while for an opposing “B” convention heat pump heating call the Y1 signal type is energized while the heat pump (O/B) signal type is also energized. 
         [0045]    A monitoring period of about 10-20 is usually sufficient for a determination to be made regarding whether the temperature of the enclosure is rising or falling (step  712 ). If the enclosure temperature is indeed found to be rising, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump heating functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the first “O” heat pump call convention (step  714 ). In contrast, if an associated temperature decrease is detected, then at step  716  a second heat pump heating call is applied to the HVAC system according to the “B” heat pump call convention, and the room temperature is again monitored (step  718 ) to sense an associated temperature change. If an associated temperature rise is detected, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump heating functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the second “B” heat pump call convention (step  720 ), whereas an indication of an error condition is provided on the user display (step  722 ) if the associated temperature rise is not detected. 
         [0046]    If the first candidate HVAC operating function is a cooling function, then at step  724  a first heat pump cooling call is applied to the HVAC system according to the “O” heat pump call convention, and the room temperature is monitored to sense an associated temperature change (step  726 ). For an “O” convention heat pump cooling call, the Y1 signal type is energized with the O/B signal type is also energized, while for an opposing “B” convention heat pump cooling call the Y1 signal type is energized while the heat pump (O/B) signal type is not energized. If an associated temperature decrease is detected, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump cooling functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the “O” heat pump call convention (step  728 ). In contrast, if an associated temperature rise is detected upon applying the first heat pump cooling call, a second heat pump cooling call is applied to the HVAC system according to the “B” heat pump call convention (step  730 ), and the room temperature is again monitored to sense an associated temperature change (step  732 ). If an associated temperature decrease is detected, then a conclusion is made that the heat pump cooling functionality has been successfully carried out and the HVAC system has the “B” heat pump call convention (step  734 ), whereas an indication of an error condition is provided on the user display (step  736 ) if the associated temperature decrease is not detected. Advantageously, the identification of the heat pump call convention is made automatically in the background, without requiring the user to manually adjust any wirings or settings, and without requiring the user to tell the thermostat what particular actions the HVAC system is taking or not taking. 
         [0047]    Whereas many alterations and modifications of the present invention will no doubt become apparent to a person of ordinary skill in the art after having read the foregoing description, it is to be understood that the particular embodiments shown and described by way of illustration are in no way intended to be considered limiting. By way of example, while one or more of the above-described embodiments includes an inquiry to the user regarding whether the HVAC system has forced-air heat versus non-forced air (radiant) heat, in alternative embodiments this determination can be made empirically based on an initial test run of the HVAC heating functionality. According to one alternative embodiment, a time series of temperature readings acquired after instantiation of the HVAC heating operation is numerically processed to make an automated determination, without requiring an input from the user, regarding whether the HVAC system has forced-air heat versus non-forced air (radiant) heat. Preferably, the determination is based on both (i) the overall time that was needed to reach a target temperature (forced-air can typically take 5-15 minutes for an initial heating of an enclosure whereas radiant heat can typically take 30-60 minutes), as well as (ii) the particular shape of a graphical plot of temperature versus time (the forced-air curve can often have a more linear character than the radiant heat curve). Any of a variety of classification methods or other automated decision-making algorithms can be used, including systems that can be “trained” using a population of temperature-versus-time plots for a large number of enclosure-heating scenarios taken over a large population of real-world HVAC systems for which each relevant truth (i.e., whether it is forced-air heat versus radiant heat) is known. Therefore, reference to the details of the embodiments are not intended to limit their scope.