Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method for cleaning cloth filter media supported on a plurality of opposingly-spaced filter plate frames. A backwash assembly ( 23 ) moves linearly and includes at least one cylindrical backwash arm ( 200 ) that rotates to consecutively clean the media of the spaced filter plate frames.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This patent application is a divisional of prior application U.S. Ser. No. 11/894,359, filed on Aug. 24, 2007, now pending; which is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 11/005,561, filed on Dec. 6, 2004, now pending; which is a divisional of Ser. No. 10/329,630, filed on Dec. 6, 2002, which issued as U.S. Pat. No. 6,858,140 on Feb. 22, 2005; all of which are incorporated herein. 
    
    
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates generally to water and wastewater treatment processes. More particularly, the present invention relates to stationary cloth media filtration systems and devices, as well as processes and devices for uniform flow distribution and backwashing. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     There are a variety of established water and wastewater treatment systems. One type that has been in use for decades, in one form or another, is granular media gravity filtration. Granular media gravity filters, such as conventional deep bed sand filters, are used to strain out particles from a wastewater stream. Typically, wastewater is introduced into a sand filtration region from an influent chamber through inlet ports. The influent flows by gravity through the granular media filter, such as sand contained by a porous plate, to an effluent chamber. The granular media filter bed, which is typically divided into a series of adjacent cells, is then periodically cleaned using a variety of backwash procedures. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,152,265. 
     Another well known type of water and wastewater filtration is rotating cloth media filtration, often referred to as disk or drum filtration. In general, disk or drum filtration systems include a tank having an inlet and outlet and a rotatable filter frame positioned between the inlet and outlet. Cloth filter media is stretched over large drums or disk-type frame sections of the rotatable filter frame. During filtering, influent flows into the tank and passes through the cloth filter media, depositing the suspended solids on the filter media. The filtered effluent is then discharged from the tank outlet. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,090,965 and 4,639,315. The cloth filter media is periodically cleaned by a variety of procedures, including backwashing and/or high pressure sprays. See, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,374,360, 5,876,612 and 6,090,298. And, an improved self-aligning backwash system, among other things, for cleaning stationary cloth media is also described in U.S. Publication No. US2005/0161393A1, which is also incorporated herein. 
     In the early 1970&#39;s, a stationary cloth media filtration system was attempted in Europe. As shown schematically in  FIG. 29 , it is believed that this system included a filtration basin with a series of rectangular effluent chambers, each effluent chamber sandwiched between a pair of rectangular influent chambers. The vertical walls between influent chambers and the effluent chamber had a series of openings or windows across which cloth media screens were attached ( FIG. 30 ). In operation, the wastewater to be treated was introduced into the influent chambers through subsurface gates. The influent was filtered by passing the flow through the screened windows of the filtration walls into the effluent chamber. From there, the filtered effluent flowed through subsurface gates to be discharged. The screens of this system were periodically cleaned by backwashing, which was accomplished by pulling a backwash header vertically up against the cloth filter media, using a submerged chain and sprocket arrangement. 
     This attempt at stationary cloth media filtration suffered from a number of problems. For example, if one of the filter screens failed, that whole section of the filtration system would have to be shut down, i.e., 2 influent chambers and associated effluent chamber. In addition, because of their design, the seals around the filtration screens were prone to leaks or failure, resulting in poor quality effluent. Similarly, since most of the moving parts, such as the chain and sprocket system needed for backwashing, were submerged, the chambers had to be dewatered before maintenance could be conducted. In short, this attempt at a cloth filtration system was very complicated and inefficient. It is believed that the system was a failure and was abandoned. As a result, the industry moved in the direction of rotating cloth media filtration methods, as generally described above. 
     Cloth media filtration systems require that the cloth filter media be subject to periodic cleaning, such as by backwashing and/or high pressure spray. Typical backwashing, in a system such as that shown in  FIGS. 29 and 30 , includes a suction header and backwash shoe assembly which is pressed directly against and pulled along the cloth filter media surface. In operation, a vacuum is applied to the suction header, pulling fluid through the cloth filter media and the backwash shoe in a direction opposite the flow direction during filtering (see  FIG. 31 ). This reverse flow removes much of the accumulated solids caught in and blocking the cloth filter media. Typically, the suction header and shoe press directly against the cloth filter media (including the area where the cloth media is pulled against the frame assembly) in the conventional backwash arrangement (even when backwashing is not being conducted), which may put the cloth filter media under a preload. This may result in increased wear and premature break-through of the cloth filter media. 
     As indicated, regardless of whether cloth media filtration is stationary or rotating, it is necessary to periodically backwash the cloth filter media. In stationary cloth systems, backwashing is typically conducted in conjunction with traversing or traveling bridge type systems. In larger systems, a large number of backwash arms, sequencing valves and control wires may be necessary to properly effectuate the backwashing operation. In addition, in known traversing backwash systems for stationary cloth media filtration, a number of sequencing valves are required to coordinate the backwashing operation to the desired arm and/or shoe. More complicated control wiring is also required. 
     Conventional rotating cloth media filtration also has some inherent limitations. For example, the filtration area is limited by the size of the disks/drums and/or tanks. Larger disks/drums require deeper and larger tanks, increasing their construction costs. The retrofit or construction of smaller tanks requires smaller disks, which reduces the filtration surface area. 
     Again, regardless of the type of filtration media used, uneven flow distribution over the volume of the filtration basin or region is a potential problem. For example, uneven or non-uniform flow distribution within the filtration basin or region often results in sludge settling, particularly in areas of low turbulence. This often results in the need for additional sludge removal equipment or increased system down time. In addition, non-uniform flow velocity across the filter may also result in increased sludge settling. 
     Thus, while the conventional deep bed sand and rotating disk filtration systems generally described above have been widely and successfully used in a variety of applications, each of these systems suffer from drawbacks inherent in or related to their size, design and/or application. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present inventions preserve the advantages of known water and wastewater treatment filtration systems and devices and provide new features, advantages and benefits over these systems. In addition, the present inventions preserve the advantages of known systems and devices that may be used and/or are associated with these systems and provide new features, advantages and benefits. 
     For example, the present inventions provide higher quality effluent (even at high solids and hydraulic loading rates), lower backwash rates and higher capacity for a given basin footprint, when compared to conventional sand filters. They also eliminate sand or other granular media, making backwashing faster and more efficient. When compared to rotating disk-type or drum-type cloth media filtration systems, the present inventions provide, among other things, higher capacity while maintaining a comparably high quality effluent, continuous filtration during the backwash cycle and the elimination of the necessity for rotary disks and drums and their associated hardware. The present invention also provides more uniform flow distribution in the basin and over the filtration media, regardless of the type of filtration media used. The present inventions also improve the backwashing operation and reduce wear and break-through of cloth filter media for a variety of types of cloth media filtration. 
     In addition, the present inventions provide for effective stationary cloth media filtration, using unique filter plates that overcome the disadvantages of the previously attempted stationary cloth media filtration. Uniform flow distribution and decreased sludge settling, as well as improved backwashing procedures, are also provided. 
     The present inventions also provide for an improved backwash assembly having rotating backwash arms which are capable of cleaning more than one row of cloth media filtration surfaces. This results in a reduction of the number of backwash arms and sequencing valves required to conduct the backwash operation. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stationary cloth media filtration system for treating an influent flow of water or wastewater in a filtration basin is provided having an influent channel that receives influent flow; at least one influent plenum having metering slots to distribute the influent flow across the bottom of the filtration basin; at least one effluent plenum sealed from the unfiltered influent; and, at least two adjacent filter plates supporting a cloth filter media to filter the influent in a filtration region of the filtration basin, said at least two adjacent filter plates in fluid communication with said at least one effluent plenum through which the filtered effluent is discharged from the system. In addition, a preferred embodiment also provides a backwash assembly to periodically clean said cloth filter media on said at least two adjacent filter plates, said backwash assembly including at least one rotating backwash arm. The rotating backwash arm may also include a fixed attachment assembly, a sealed rotation assembly and a shoe attachment assembly. A motor may also be provided on a traveling bridge structure to cause the selective rotation of the rotating backwash arms. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a stationary cloth media filtration system for treating a flow of water or wastewater in a filtration basin is provided which includes at least one influent plenum having metering slots to distribute the influent flow across the bottom of the filter basin; at least one effluent plenum sealed from the influent plenum to discharge filtered flow from the system; a filtration region having a series of filter plates which are in fluid communication with the effluent plenums; and, a backwash assembly to periodically clean the filter plates. Preferred embodiments may also include generally trapezoidally shaped, influent and effluent plenums that are complementary to one another and located along the bottom of the filter basin. Moreover, filter plates may be fastened directly to the plenums. Preferred embodiments may further include a backwash system having rotatable backwash arm assemblies. 
     Also in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method of treating water or wastewater in a filtration basin using filter plates is provided. The method includes providing an influent flow of water or wastewater to be treated to an influent channel and uniformly distributing the influent flow along the length of the bottom of the filter basin; distributing the influent flow uniformly across the width of the bottom of the filter basin; filtering the influent flow with the filter plates; discharging the filtered effluent with a relatively constant flow velocity and reduced head loss; and, periodically cleaning the filter plates with suction. Preferred embodiments may also include a backwash system having rotatable backwash arm assemblies. 
     The present inventions also provide a system for providing uniform flow distribution for filtering a water or wastewater influent flow in a filtration region with at least one trapezoidally shaped influent plenum with orifices to distribute the influent flow into the filtration region, and at least one trapezoidally shaped effluent plenum having orifices to receive the filtered effluent flow. 
     Another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an improved backwash system for backwashing cloth filter media attached to a frame. This system includes a backwash header, a backwash shoe and a means to create a gap between the backwash shoe and the cloth filter media. 
     Still another preferred embodiment of the present invention provides an improved traversing backwash system that includes rotating backwash arm assemblies capable of conducting the cleaning operation on multiple cloth filter media surfaces. Such embodiments may include a fixed attachment assembly, a sealed rotation assembly and a shoe attachment assembly. A means for simultaneous rotation of a number of rotatable arms may also be provided. And, a flow shut off valve or valve assembly may be provided for the outside rotating backwash arms to prohibit the application of suction to those arms when backwash is not desired. 
     Yet another embodiment of the present invention provides an improved backwash system for backwashing cloth filter media attached to a frame, including a suction header, a rotating backwash arm in fluid communication with said suction header, a backwash shoe in fluid communication with said rotating backwash arm and a rotating means to cause the selective rotation of said rotating backwash arm. A preferred rotating backwash arm assembly may include a fixed attachment assembly, a sealed rotation assembly engaged with said fixed attachment assembly and a shoe attachment assembly mounted to said sealed rotation assembly. Flow restriction means for selectively stopping backwash to a particular rotating backwash arm may also be provided. 
     The present invention also provides at least one rotating backwash arm assembly for backwashing cloth filter media, said rotating backwash arm attached to a traveling bridge assembly, including a sealed rotation assembly and a shoe attachment assembly including a backwash shoe. In addition, the present invention may also provide a system for backwashing at least one filter plate and having at least two rotating backwash arm assemblies for periodically cleaning the cloth filter media on the at least one filter plate. 
     The present inventions still further provide a stationary cloth media filtration system for treating an influent flow of water or wastewater in a filtration basin. An influent channel which receives the influent flow and distributes the influent flow into the filtration basin is also provided with at least one outlet sealed from the unfiltered influent; at least two adjacent filter plates supporting a cloth filter media to filter the influent in a filtration region of the filtration basin, the at least two adjacent filter plates in fluid communication with the at least one outlet through which the filtered effluent is discharged from the system; and, a backwash assembly to periodically clean said cloth filter media on the at least two adjacent filter plates, the backwash assembly including at least one rotating backwash arm. A traveling bridge that transverses the length of the filtration basin and/or which serves as a suction manifold for the backwash assembly may also be provided. 
     The present inventions further provide for a method for backwashing cloth filter media attached to a frame including the steps of introducing untreated influent into a treatment basin; filtering the influent through cloth filter media; periodically cleaning at least one surface of the cloth filter media by backwashing through a rotating backwash arm assembly in fluid communication with a suction header; and, selectively rotating the backwash arm assembly to enable the backwashing of an adjacent cloth filter media surface. 
     Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide processes and devices for stationary cloth media filtration and/or the backwashing thereof; 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for stationary cloth media filtration that may be retrofit into existing filtration basins or designed for new installations; 
     An additional object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for stationary cloth media filtration that provide the capability of continuous filtration during backwashing; 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for stationary cloth media filtration with high quality effluent and the maintenance of high quality effluent at high solids and high hydraulic loading rates; 
     Still another object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for stationary cloth media water and wastewater filtration that eliminate the need for traditional granular media; 
     Still an additional object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for stationary cloth media filtration that may provide cost advantages over traditional granular media filtration, including but not limited to, reduced site footprint requirements, resulting in less land use, decreased concrete costs, as well as reduced enclosure costs in colder climates, and/or reduced operational, maintenance and manufacturing costs, such as the ability to change components above the water, easy replacement of cloth media filter membranes and the like; 
     Still a further object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for the uniform fluid flow distribution into and/or over the volume of a filtration region or filtration basin; 
     Still an additional object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for the maintenance of consistent flow velocity in a filtration region or filtration basin; 
     Yet an additional object of the present invention is the uniform distribution of flow in a filtration basin or filtration region; 
     Yet another object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for distributing and/or collecting flow in a filtration region or basin having increased turbulence at the lower portion of the filtration region or filtration basin and/or reduced amounts of sludge settlement or other solids and/or a reduced need for dedicated sludge removal equipment; 
     Yet a further object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices that effectuate uniform flow distribution over the filtration region or basin using a combination of influent and effluent channeling to control flow and distribution; 
     Still yet another object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for improved backwashing of cloth filter media and/or the integration of rotating backwash arms to the suction header to reduce the number of or eliminate sequential valves; 
     Still yet an additional object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for cloth filtration media backwashing without a preload on the cloth filter media; 
     Still yet a further object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for cloth filter media backwashing, including a stop to position the suction header and shoe away from the cloth filter media; 
     Still yet a further object of the present invention is to provide an improved backwash assembly including a rotating backwash arm that is capable of cleaning more than one row of cloth filter media and/or which reduces the number of backwash arms or shoes required, eliminates or reduces sequencing valves and/or reduces control wiring; 
     An additional object of the present inventions is to provide a traveling bridge assembly that serves as a common suction header/manifold for a plurality of backwash arms; 
     Still yet a further object of the present invention is to provide processes and devices for backwashing cloth filter media that extend cloth filter media life by decreased wear rate; and, 
     Still yet a further object of the present invention is to provide water and wastewater filtration systems and devices that include one or more of the above stated objects, features or advantages, alone or in combination. 
     Definition of the Terms 
     The following terms which may be used in the various claims of this patent are intended to have their broadest meaning consistent with the requirements of law: 
     Cloth filter media: Any permeable cloth-like material, including but not limited to natural or synthetic fiber or membrane compositions. 
     Filtration basin: The overall area devoted to the filtration process, which may typically be divided into various filtration regions, and which may have associated chambers, channels and the like. 
     Filtration region: The area or areas in a filtration basin where water and wastewater filtering is conducted, for example, by using stationary cloth filter media in accordance with the present inventions. 
     Filter plate(s): The cloth media filter frame assembly, including at least the side, top and bottom frame members, and associated cloth filter media. It may optionally include other components as well and the term may often be used interchangeably with filter frame assembly herein. 
     Traveling bridge assembly: The structural and mechanical assembly typically located above the filtration basin that carries the components necessary to conduct the backwash and other operations, including the common suction header and/or manifold, and which is able to traverse the effective length or portion of the filtration region or filtration basin. 
     Where alternative meanings are possible, in either the specification or claims, the broadest meaning is intended. All words used in the claims are intended to be used in the normal, customary usage of grammar and the English language. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The above described objects, features and advantages, as well as other features and advantages of the present inventions will become apparent by reference to the specification and drawings; wherein like reference numbers are used for like elements among the several views, and in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a side perspective view of a typical configuration of a filtration basin of the present invention having an exemplary two filtration regions; 
         FIG. 1A  is a top plan view of the typical arrangement of the filtration basin of  FIG. 1  of the present invention; 
         FIG. 1B  is a bottom perspective view looking from below the typical configuration of the present invention of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2  is a side cross-sectional schematic view of a typical arrangement of a filtration region of a filtration basin of the present invention having an effluent baffle as a way to control water elevation in the system; 
         FIG. 2A  is a side cross-sectional schematic view of a typical arrangement of a filtration region in a filtration basin of the present invention having an effluent slide gate as an alternative way to control water elevation in the system; 
         FIG. 3  is a perspective view of portions of the filtration region of the present invention showing the major overall components thereof; 
         FIG. 4  is a top plan view of a preferred embodiment of an effluent plenum and associated filter frame support mounts of the present invention; 
         FIG. 5  is a side elevational view of the preferred effluent plenum and filter frame support mounts of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is an end section view of the effluent plenum and associated filter frame support mounts of  FIGS. 4 and 5 , showing the closed end of a preferred effluent plenum; 
         FIG. 6A  is an end plan view of the effluent plenum of  FIGS. 4 and 5 , showing the influent or open end of a preferred effluent plenum; 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a preferred effluent plenum and an alternative arrangement of the associated filter frame support mounts of the present invention, also showing the effluent end of a preferred effluent plenum; 
         FIG. 7A  is a perspective view of a preferred and an associated filter frame support mount, including a schematic view of a filter plate engaged with the filter frame support mount; 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a preferred effluent plenum and an alternative arrangement of the associated filter frame support mounts of the present invention showing the effluent end of a preferred effluent plenum, the alternative arrangement of filter frame mounts on the effluent plenum and including schematic view of several of the filter frames engaged with their associated filter frame supports; 
         FIG. 9  is a bottom perspective view of a pair of adjacent effluent plenums looking up from below the representative plenums and showing an influent plenum of the present invention formed from the complimentary exterior of the adjacent effluent plenums; 
         FIG. 10  is a bottom perspective view of additional adjacent effluent plenums of the present invention showing influent plenums formed from the complimentary exterior of the adjacent effluent plenums; 
         FIG. 11  is a front plan view of a typical filter frame assembly and associated hardware of the present invention; 
         FIG. 12  is a side plan view of a typical filter frame assembly and associated hardware of  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 13  is a top plan view of the filter frame assembly and associated hardware of  FIG. 11 ; 
         FIG. 14  is a top view of a filter frame support mount and a filter frame pin retaining plate of the present invention; 
         FIG. 15  is a side view of the filter frame support mount of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 15A  is an end view of the filter frame support mount and filter frame retaining plate of  FIG. 15 ; 
         FIG. 16  is a top view of a preferred pin retaining plate of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 16A  is a side view of a preferred pin retaining plate of  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 16B  is an end side view of a preferred pin retaining plate of  FIG. 16 ; 
         FIG. 17  is a bottom perspective view of two mating filter frame support mounts on adjacent effluent plenums, showing the open end of the filter frame support mount for receiving a portion of the pin retaining plate, and also showing components of a preferred pin retaining bracket of the present invention 
         FIG. 17A  is a top plan view of a preferred pin retaining bracket of a filter frame assembly of the present invention; 
         FIG. 18  is a bottom view of the filter frame assembly showing a preferred interface between the filter frame and effluent plenum; 
         FIG. 18A  is a side view of the filter frame assembly and a preferred interface between the filter frame and effluent plenum of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 19  is a perspective view of the orientation of the pin retaining plate of the filter frame support arm and a pin retaining bracket on the filter frame assembly; 
         FIG. 20  is a perspective view of two adjacent filter frame assemblies showing their alignment with two adjacent and corresponding filter frame support mounts; 
         FIG. 21  is a side plan view of a spring loaded fastener of the present invention used to secure the filter frame assembly to the filter frame support mount; 
         FIG. 22  is a schematic view of the general configuration of the motion imparting components of a typical traveling bridge assembly of the present invention; 
         FIG. 23  is a perspective view of the general configuration of a typical traveling bridge assembly of the present invention shown in a first position; 
         FIG. 24  is a perspective view of the general configuration of a typical traveling bridge assembly of the present invention shown in a second position; 
         FIG. 25  is a side perspective view of selected components of a typical traveling bridge assembly showing the overall backwash system components of the present invention; 
         FIG. 26  is a side plan view of a backwash system of the present invention applied to a filter frame assembly, including cloth filter media, of the present invention; 
         FIG. 27  is a side perspective view of the backwash system component of the present invention of  FIG. 26 ; 
         FIG. 28  is a side schematic view of the backwash operation of the present invention; 
         FIG. 29  is a schematic plan view of the general arrangement of a prior art cloth media filtration system; 
         FIG. 30  is a schematic sectional view of a filtration wall and windows of the prior art filtration system taken along line A-A of  FIG. 29 ; 
         FIG. 31  is a schematic side view of a typical prior art suction header and shoe for backwashing cloth filter media showing direct contact between the suction header and cloth filter media; 
         FIG. 32  is a plan perspective view of a backwash system having a preferred rotating backwash arm shown in a typical stationary cloth media filtration system; 
         FIG. 33  is a bottom perspective view of a preferred backwash system of  FIG. 32  the present invention with the tank or filtration basin components removed to show preferred rotating arm assemblies and their orientation relative to typical longitudinal spaced rows of filter plates; 
         FIG. 34  is a bottom perspective view of a preferred embodiment of the rotating backwash arms of  FIG. 32  connected to a typical traveling bridge assembly; 
         FIG. 35  is a schematic view showing the general arrangement of a preferred embodiment of the present invention of the rotating arms in relation to the cloth filter media; 
         FIG. 36  is a perspective view of a preferred rotating arm assembly of the present invention; 
         FIG. 37  is a perspective view of a preferred rotating arm assembly of  FIG. 36 , cut in half on its longitudinal axis to show the structure and orientation of the preferred components; 
         FIG. 38  is a perspective view of a preferred fixed attachment assembly of the present invention, shown with an optional valve plate for use with a backwash arm that is on the outside row of filter plates; 
         FIG. 39  is a side cross-sectional view of the preferred fixed attachment assembly of  FIG. 38 ; 
         FIG. 40  is a perspective view of a preferred sealed pipe assembly of a preferred rotating backwash arm of the present invention; 
         FIG. 41  is a side cross-sectional view of the preferred sealed pipe assembly of  FIG. 40 ; 
         FIG. 42  is a plan view of a preferred embodiment of a shoe attachment assembly of the present invention; 
         FIG. 43  is a perspective view of a preferred backwash shoe of the present invention; 
         FIG. 44  is a cross sectional view of a preferred rotating backwash arm assembly, shown assembled, and including an optional valve plate and rotating valve plate; 
         FIG. 45  is a perspective view of a typical traveling bridge assembly showing a preferred drive means for causing the selective rotation of the rotating backwash arm assemblies and which may function as a common suction manifold/header; 
         FIG. 46  is a perspective view of a preferred valve plate of the present invention; 
         FIG. 47  is a perspective view of a preferred rotating valve plate of the present invention; and, 
         FIG. 48  is a perspective view of a preferred end cap of the present invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Set forth below is a description of what is currently believed to be the preferred embodiments or best representative examples of the inventions claimed. Future and present alternatives and modifications to the preferred embodiments are contemplated. Any alternatives or modifications which make insubstantial changes in function, purpose, structure, use or result are intended to be covered by the claims of this patent. 
     The general layout of a typical configuration of one embodiment of the present invention may be seen by reference to  FIGS. 1 and 1A . The present invention may be designed to fit into the footprint of an existing filtration basin to replace, for example, a granular media gravity filtration system. It may also be designed for a completely new facility, or installed in a tank arrangement similar to conventional disk filtration. Moreover, many aspects of the present invention may be applicable to other water and wastewater treatment methods. 
     The present invention includes a filtration basin  10 , divided into a variety of channels, chambers, regions and the like, the walls creating each of which are typically constructed of concrete or other suitable material, such as steel or stainless steel, particularly in a tank setting (see e.g.,  FIG. 32 ). In the example shown in  FIGS. 1 and 1A , filtration basin  10  is divided into two cloth media filtration regions A and B. Cloth media filtration regions A and B are, in all aspects pertinent to the present inventions, identical in structure and operation. It will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that one (basin), two or any number of filtration regions may be provided depending upon the requirements of the particular application. For example, as shown in  FIG. 32 , basin  10  defines one filtration region. Moreover, to create additional cloth media filter regions, a diversion of the influent into each of the desired regions and collection of the treated effluent out of each of the filter regions will be required. 
     In a preferred embodiment, and particularly the retrofit of an existing basin, the filtration basin  10  includes a bulk influent chamber  12  that receives the initial flow of water or wastewater to be treated. An influent channel  14  which feeds filtration region A, and an influent channel  15  which feeds filtration region B, are also provided. Influent channels  14  and  15  are responsible for conveying the influent from the upstream process via the bulk influent chamber  12  and distributing the influent along the entire length of a cloth media filtration region. An influent weir  16  (see e.g.,  FIGS. 2 and 3 ) may be provided along the length of each of the influent channels  14  and  15  to enable the control, adjustment and distribution of flow along the length of each of the filter regions. In addition, an influent baffle  17  (see e.g.,  FIGS. 2 ,  2 A and  3 ) is provided along the length of a filter region to direct the influent flow to the bottom of the filter region for uniform flow distribution and filtration using stationary cloth media as hereinafter described. It will be understood by those of skill in the art that influent channels  14 / 15  may have a manual or an automatic slide gate(s) (not shown) to permit, among other things, water level control and filter isolation. 
     The filtration basin  10  also includes an effluent channel  18  that receives treated water or wastewater from filter region A, effluent channel  19  that receives treated wastewater from filter region B, and a bulk effluent chamber  11  that receives the treated effluent from effluent channels  18  and  19 . Prior to the treated effluent reaching effluent channels  18  and  19 , the effluent may be subject to an effluent baffle  20  and an effluent weir  13 , both of which help control and distribute the flow as dictated by the requirement of a particular application. The effluent is then transferred to bulk effluent chamber  11  for discharge. In lieu of effluent baffle  20 , an automatically controlled slide gate  27  and its associated components (not shown) may be positioned at the end of effluent channel  18 / 19  which is used to control the water level in and flow through the system (see  FIG. 2A ). When the system is used in this configuration, the effluent plenums  24  flow directly to the effluent channels  18 / 19 . It will be understood by those of skill in the art that a wide variety of methods and devices may be used to control the system flow consistent with the present inventions. 
     The remainder of the discussion of the present inventions and preferred embodiments thereof that relate to stationary cloth filter media filtration will be by reference to a single cloth media filtration region, such as filter region A. The primary components that are part of or associated with a particular filtration region of the present invention may be seen by reference to  FIGS. 1B and 3 , and may include: an influent channel  14 , influent plenums  22 , effluent plenums  24 , filter frame assemblies  26 , also referred to as filter plates  26 , an effluent channel  18  and a backwash system assembly  21 , which is part of a traveling bridge assembly  23 . Other embodiments may not include or require all such components, such as effluent plenums and/or influent plenums, as will be understood by those of skill in the art. 
     The structure and operation of influent plenums  22  and effluent plenums  24  may be understood by reference to  FIGS. 4 through 10 . The preferred embodiments of the effluent  24  and influent  22  plenums are shown and described, although other forms may be utilized consistent with the present invention. It is the combination of plenums  22 / 24  and their equivalents that provide uniform distribution of the influent flow across the filtration region, regardless of whether filtration is conducted according to the stationary cloth media filtration aspects of the present invention or other types of filtration systems. In its preferred form, uniform flow distribution is achieved by the influent and effluent channeling, which may include the control and distribution of flow from a single source and which is collected through a single source. 
     More specifically, in the preferred embodiments, each effluent plenum  24  is a generally trapezoidal shaped chamber that is sealed from the unfiltered influent flow and preferably constructed from a non-corrosive material, including but not limited to stainless steel. Each effluent plenum  24  includes a solid bottom plate  30 , two solid side plates  31  (only one is shown in  FIGS. 5 ,  6  and  7 ), and a top plate  32 . Top plate  32  is provided with a series of oblong holes  33  that receive the filtered flow as hereinafter described. Aligned with each of the holes  33  is a filter frame support mount  35 . Filter frame support mount  35  is affixed to the top of plate  32  of the effluent plenum  24  and functions to mount the filter frame assembly  26  to the effluent plenums  24 , as well as helping to strengthen the structural integrity of the effluent plenums  24 . As shown, for example, in  FIG. 4 , filter frame support mount  35  as well as the longitudinal axis of the oblong holes  33  are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the effluent plenum  24 . The filter plates  26  are then vertically mounted thereto as shown generally in  FIGS. 7 and 8 . 
     The preferred effluent plenums  24  have a closed end  34  and an open end  36 , the open end  36  forming the effluent end of effluent plenum  24 . Closed end  34 , as well as bottom  30  and open end  36 , are also provided with a flange  38  or other means to facilitate attachment and alignment of effluent plenum  24  to the bottom and/or side structure of the filtration region. Effluent plenum  24  is provided with an effluent flange  37 , also to facilitate attachment of the effluent plenums  24  to the bottom and/or side structure of the filtration region. The effluent plenums  24  are arranged side-by-side in columns along the width of the bottom of the filtration region (see FIGS.  1 A and  8 - 10 ). Specifically, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the longitudinal axis of effluent plenums  24  are aligned with the width of the cloth media filtration region and their length coincides with the width of the region (see e.g.,  FIGS. 1A and 3 ). The open or effluent ends  36  are adjacent to and are in fluid communication with the effluent channel  18  and the closed ends  34  are typically adjacent to the influent channel  14 , where the influent baffle  17  or other means directs the influent to the bottom or lower portion of the system. As a result, the filter plates  26  are aligned in rows spanning the length of the filtration region which, as discussed herein, enables efficient backwashing and the like using a traveling bridge assembly  23 . In other embodiments of the present invention, effluent plenums  24  as described are not required. In such situations, the filter plates  26  are in fluid communication through channels, pipes or other means  41  to the exterior of the system (see e.g.,  FIG. 33 ). 
     The influent plenums  22  are also trapezoidally shaped chambers that are complementary to and formed by the side-by-side effluent plenums  24 . As shown in the drawings (see e.g.,  FIGS. 9 and 10 ), in a preferred form, influent plenums  22  are tapered channels formed from the pathway created between the sides  31  of effluent plenums  24 , the bottom of the influent plenums  22  being preferably formed from the bottom of the cloth media filtration region or filtration basin (not shown). Influent plenum tops  73  may also be provided (see FIGS.  1 A and  8 - 10 ) and which tops  73  form metering slots  60  as hereinafter described. The influent plenum tops  73  may be formed by a plate extending co-planar to the top surface  32  of the effluent plenum  24 . It will be understood that the influent plenums  22  may be formed from separate components like the effluent plenums  24 . However, this is not required, since only the effluent plenums  24  must be impervious to unfiltered flow. Similar to the formation of the influent plenums  22  from the side-by-side arrangement of the effluent plenums  24  along the bottom of the cloth media filtration region, a series of metering slots  60  are formed in the influent plenum top  73  along the upper portion of the influent plenums  22  as a result of the alignment and spacing of the plates  73  which form the top of influent plenums  22  and metering slots  60 . It will also be understood by those of skill in the art that influent plenums  22  as described are not necessary for some embodiments (see e.g.,  FIGS. 32 and 33 ). In such embodiments, influent may simply be introduced into the filtration region or basin  10  by well known means, such as wiers, channels and the like. 
     With reference to  FIGS. 6-8  and  14 - 15 A, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, filter frame support mount  35  is a tubular, generally rectangular member. A pin retaining plate  50  extends laterally outward from one end and may be attached to filter frame support mount  35  by welding or other well known means. Pin retaining plate  50  includes a key slot  51  which is bored or cut through plate  50 . The underside of pin retaining plate  50  is provided with a longitudinal pin lock groove  52 . Pin lock groove  52  is perpendicular to a key way  53  of key slot  51 . The end  59  of filter frame support mount  35  opposite to the pin retaining plate end  50  remains open in a preferred embodiment. These elements function to mount the filter plate  26  to the effluent plenums  24 . 
     The top  54  and bottom  55  surfaces in the central portion of filter frame support mount  35  are removed or cut away (or filter frame support mount  35  is simply assembled leaving an upwardly open sleeve  57 ), leaving only side surfaces  56 . As indicated, this forms an upwardly facing open sleeve  57 . Open sleeve  57  is slightly larger than the oblong hole  33  on the top plate  32  of effluent plenums  24 , and is centered on filter frame support mount  35  so that it aligns with elongated hole  33  of effluent plenum  24  when the support mount  35  is welded or otherwise attached to the top plate  32  of effluent plenums  24 . When attached to the effluent plenums  24  as described, the open sleeve  57  of filter frame support mount  35  forms a filter plate/effluent plenum interface shown generally as  58  (see  FIG. 4 ). This interface  58  may be fitted with gaskets or seals to keep the influent from entering the effluent plenum  24  prior to filtration. 
     As indicated, the end of filter frame support mount  35  opposite the end with the pin retaining plate  50  remains open  59 . In this manner, when the effluent plenums  24  are arranged longitudinally along the width of the bottom of the filtration region, a portion of pin retaining plate  50  of one effluent plenum  24  is received within the opening of the corresponding filter frame support mount  35  of the adjacent effluent plenum  24  (see  FIGS. 17 and 19 ). 
     Moreover, as shown in  FIG. 4 , pin retaining plate  50  may be located on alternate sides of the filter frame support mount  35 . Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, half of the adjacent filter frame support mounts  35  may have the pin retaining plate  50  on one side and the remaining half of the filter frame support mounts  35  may have the pin retaining plate  50  on the other side. Similarly, the filter frame support mounts  35  on the adjacent effluent plenum  24  will have their pin retaining plate  50  on the opposite sides, so that the open ends  59  of filter frame support mount  35  mates with pin retaining plate  50  as described above (see e.g.,  FIGS. 4 and 9 ). 
     As referred to above, the openings or metering slots  60  of the influent plenums  22  are formed from the influent plenum tops  73 , as best shown in  FIGS. 8 ,  9  and  10 . In this manner, and in conjunction with the taper shape of the influent plenums  22 , influent exiting through the metering slots  60  is uniformly distributed within and across the width of the filtration region via the influent baffle  17  and influent plenum  22 . Moreover, because of the taper of the trapezoidal influent plenums  22 , even flow velocity is maintained and there is no tendency for solids to settle on the influent plenum  22  bottom. 
     The design and structure of filter plate  26  may best be seen by reference to  FIGS. 11-13  and  18 - 18 A. As shown, each filter plate or, more generally, filter frame assembly  26  is a generally rectangular frame with a hollow center and consists of side members  41 , top member  42  and bottom member  43 . A handle or handles  44  attached to top member  42  may also be provided to aid installation, maintenance and/or repair. The side  41 , top  42  and bottom  43  members of filter plate  26  form a rectangular box-like structure, the front and back faces  45  of which are fitted with a support screen  46 . Cloth filter media  47  (see e.g.,  FIG. 3 ) may be stretched across and attached to the front and rear filter faces  45 . However, in a preferred embodiment, cloth media  47  is stretched around the whole filter frame assembly  26  which eliminates the risk of unfiltered influent into the effluent plenums  24 . Also included are generally v-shaped (in cross-section) top and bottom tensioners  48 . Similarly, the side members  41  are provided with side tensioners  49 . The support screens  46  function to help the cloth filter media  47  from deforming to the hollow center of filter plate  26 , and the tensioners  48  and  49  provide tension to the cloth filter media  47  to form a taught diaphragm for filtering. In addition, top and bottom tensioners  48  act as a rail along the faces  45  of filter plate  26  to create a gap to protect the cloth filter media  47  during backwash operations and to prevent pre-loading as discussed herein. This adjustable or settable gap  40  is shown schematically in  FIGS. 26-28 . In preferred embodiments of the rotating backwash arm assembly  200 , maintaining gap  40  as described herein to avoid preload is not required, as a non-contact mode for shoe attachment assembly  203  may be necessary for clearance during movement of rotating backwash arm  200 . 
     The bottom frame member  43  includes an oblong hole  62  (see  FIG. 18 ) that is positioned and sized to communicate with oblong hole  33  on the top  32  of effluent plenum  24 . A collar  63  extends downwardly from and is coincidental with oblong hole  62 . Collar  63  is designed to fit within and create a water-tight seal with the open sleeve  57  of filter frame support mount  35  and completes the filter plate/effluent plenum interface  58 . In this manner, untreated influent passes through the cloth filter media  47 , is filtered and the filtered effluent passes through oblong hole  62  of bottom frame member  43 , into oblong hole  33  into effluent plenum  24 , as hereinafter described in more detail. In this manner, there is only one area of possible penetration of influent flow into the effluent plenum  24 . 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, each filter plate  26  is attached to the filter frame support mount  35 , and hence, in fluid communication with effluent plenum  24 , through the use of a single fastener. Specifically, collar  63  is provided with a plate latch  64 . Plate latch  64  is essentially a tab or other similar member extending from one end of collar  63  that is designed to fit under and mate with edge  65  of filter frame support mount  35  (e.g.,  FIGS. 14 and 15 ). As a result, plate latch  64  acts as a hinge to restrain one end of collar  63  of filter plate  26 . As described herein, in embodiments of rotating backwash arm assembly  200 , particular effluent plenums  24  are not required and the filter effluent may be discharged through conduit  341  as shown in  FIG. 33 . 
     At the end of the bottom member  43  of filter plate  26  opposite latch plate  64 , a pin retaining bracket  66  is provided (see  FIGS. 14 and 15 ). Pin retaining bracket  66  includes a key slot  67  and a key way  68  that aligns and mates with key slot  51  and key way  53  of pin retaining plate  50  of filter frame support member  35  (see  FIGS. 17-17A  and  19 ). Pin retaining bracket  66  is secured to pin retaining plate  50  through the use of a spring loaded fastener  69 . Specifically, in a preferred embodiment, spring loaded fastener includes a pin  70  with a key  71  at one end, and a compressive spring  72  at the other. Thus, in order to secure the pin retaining bracket  66  to pin retaining plate  50 , pin  70  is inserted into key slot  67  and key slot  51  so that key  71  passes through key ways  53  and  68 . The pin  70  is then rotated so that key  71  engages pin lock groove  52 , securing the bracket  66  and plate  50  together. In order to ensure a watertight seal at the plenum/plate interface  58 , a closed cell foam gasket seal (not shown) or other suitable gasket may be used. Similarly, each filter plate  26  may include an alignment tab  61  on the end opposite the pin retaining bracket  66 . Alignment tab  61  serves to keep adjacent filter plates  26  in alignment on adjacent filter frame support mount  35  of adjacent effluent plenums  24  (see  FIG. 17 ). Other forms of adjustment and retention will be apparent to those of skill in the art. 
     Having described the majority of the principal components of the present inventions, the typical operation of a preferred embodiment may now be discussed. Specifically, in operation of a preferred embodiment, influent is introduced into bulk influent chamber  12  and is divided between influent channels  14  and  15  (e.g.,  FIG. 1A ). However, only one filtration region (A) will be discussed. The influent flows over influent weir  16  and is diverted via influent baffle  17  to the bottom of the filtration region (see also  FIGS. 2-3 ). The influent flows up through metering slots  60  created by (or alternatively, in) the influent tops  73 . As a result of the shape of influent plenum  22 , the influent is uniformly distributed over the entire width of the filtration region. The influent then flows through the cloth media  47  of filter plate  26  and is filtered. The filtered flow flows into the sealed effluent plenums  24  via the filter plate/plenum interface  58  and is collected in effluent channel  18 , either through the use of an effluent baffle  20  arrangement or an automatic slide gate  27  arrangement. 
     Since the cloth media  47  becomes clogged over time, it is necessary to periodically backwash the cloth filter media  47 . A traveling bridge assembly  23  is used to house and carry the necessary components for backwashing and other operations. In general, traveling bridge assembly  23  travels along the length of a filtration region (or filtration basin  10 ) from a first position ( FIG. 23 ) to a second position ( FIG. 24 ), and back again. Traveling bridge assembly  23  may include wheels  28  that roll along rails  25  on top of filtration basin  10 . Alignment wheels  29  (see  FIG. 22 ) may also be included to help guide and align traveling bridge assembly  23  during travel. 
     Preferred embodiments of the backwash system  21  of the present invention may better be seen by reference to  FIGS. 25-45 . In general, the backwash system assembly includes suction headers  75  connected to a suction pump  308 . A backwash shoe  76  is positioned to ride along the cloth filter media  47  on the front and back faces  45  of each of the adjacent rows of filter plates  26 . In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, backwash shoe  76  rides along top and bottom tensioners  48  of filter frame assembly  26 , thereby producing a gap  40  between the cloth filter media  47 . This reduces wear on the cloth filter media  47  and eliminates preload and its associated problems. In another preferred embodiment, the backwash system includes a rotating backwash arm  200  ( FIGS. 32-48 ). 
     Thus, during a typical backwash operation, the backwash shoes  76  are pulled along the longitudinal rows of filter plates  26  by traveling bridge assembly  23  and its associated backwash headers  75  of backwash assembly  21 . In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, only half of a row of filter plates is backwashed in each direction of travel of the traveling bridge  23 . That is why, in a preferred embodiment, half of the pin retaining plates  50  are on one side and half on the other side of the filter frame support mount  35 . Backwashing will also start and stop at the same place as the traveling bridge assembly moves from its first to second position and returns. 
     The embodiment shown schematically in  FIG. 25  is representative of one preferred embodiment. In such a system, there are, for example, ten parallel spaced, longitudinal rows of filter plates  26  having cloth filter media on both sides. To conduct the backwash operation, twenty backwash arms are required, one for each side of plate filter  26 . And, to conduct the typical backwash operation in each direction of travel as discussed above, a series of sequencing valves (not shown) are required to apply suction to the appropriate arm conducting the backwash operation in any given direction. Complicated wiring is also required to control the sequencing valves. 
     In another preferred embodiment, an improved backwash assembly  21  having a rotating backwash arm  200  is provided ( FIGS. 32-48 ). In general, rotating backwash arm  200  enables the cleaning of multiple cloth filter media surfaces  47  on opposing rows of filter plates  26 . As a result, fewer arms are required, sequencing valves may be eliminated and control wiring simplified. The improved backwash assembly  21  is typically included as part of a traveling bridge assembly  23  which may also act as a common suction header/manifold  75  as hereinafter described. As discussed herein, rotating backwash arm assembly  200  may be used to clean the cloth filter media  47  of filter plates  26  or other stationary cloth media filtration systems. For example, it will be understood by those of skill in the art that the improved backwash assembly  21  is applicable to a wide variety of stationary cloth media filtration devices having spaced, parallel rows of cloth filtration media  47 , not just the plates  26  as described herein. In addition, the preferred influent  22  and/or effluent  24  plenums are optional, not required. 
     A representative of another preferred embodiment will be discussed herein for a filtration region of another typical stationary cloth media filtration system having six longitudinal rows of filter frame assemblies  26  covered with cloth filter media  47  on each side, as shown generally in  FIGS. 32-35 . As shown in  FIG. 32 , the present invention is discussed in relation to a tank system. It will be understood by those of skill in the art, however, that the invention may be applied to concrete basins and a wide variety of other cloth filter media systems and set-ups. In a system with six rows of filter plates  26 , seven rotating arm assemblies  200  are required: one between each adjacent row of filter plates  26  and one on the outside of each of the last rows of filter plates  26 . In contrast, known backwash systems in similar arrangements with six rows of filter plates  26  would require twelve backwash arms and shoes, as well as sequencing valves and the like, to conduct the same backwash operation of the present inventions. 
     The general operation of a preferred embodiment of rotating backwash arm assembly  200  is shown schematically in  FIG. 35 . During the backwash operation, bridge  23  moves from a first position (see e.g.,  FIG. 23 ) to a second position (see e.g.,  FIG. 24 ) or from left to right in  FIG. 35 . In a preferred embodiment, as the traveling bridge assembly  23  moves to the right in the schematic of  FIG. 35 , rotating backwash arm assembly  200  is positioned so that arms ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) clean the cloth filter media  47  on the sides of filter plate  26  (A); rotating backwash arms  200  ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) clean the cloth filter media  47  on the sides of filter plate  26  (C); and, rotating backwash arms  200  ( 5 ) and ( 6 ) clean the cloth filter media  47  on sides with filter plate  26  (E). In this direction, arm ( 7 ) is closed to suction until the return direction. At the end of travel, the rotating backwash arms  200  are rotated 180° using a drive motor or means  350  to rotate the drive gears  351  as hereinafter described. On the return travel to the left of the  FIG. 35  schematic, rotating backwash arms  200  ( 2 ) and ( 3 ) clean the cloth filter media  47  of filter plate  26  (B); arms ( 3 ) and ( 4 ) clean cloth filter media  47  on the sides of filter plate  47  (D); and, arms ( 6 ) and ( 7 ) clean the sides of filter plate  47  (F). In this direction, the outside rotating backwash arm  200  ( 1 ) is optionally blocked-off from the backwash operation since it is no longer in a position to backwash cloth filter media  47 , also as hereinafter described. 
     The structure, orientation and operation of preferred components of the improved backwash assembly  21  will be described. Rotating backwash arm  200  has two principal structural components in its preferred form; namely, sealed rotation assembly  202  and shoe attachment assembly  203 . Rotating backwash arm assembly  200  is rotatably mounted to and in fluid communication with fixed attachment assembly  201 , which is in fluid communication with suction manifold  75 . These assemblies are shown generally in  FIGS. 36 ,  37  and  44 . It will be understood by those of skill in the art that rotating arm assembly  200  may be one piece or more than two pieces. Similarly, other ways of mounting rotating arm  200  to the traveling bridge assembly  23  and suction header  75  are also contemplated. However, for reasons of strength, installation and efficiency, the examples described herein are preferred. 
     A preferred embodiment of fixed attachment assembly  201  is more particularly shown in  FIGS. 38 and 39 . Fixed attachment assembly  201  includes a pipe  300  having a proximal end  302  which is closest to the traveling bridge assembly  23  and a distal end  301  suspended downward from the traveling bridge assembly  23 . Proximal end  302  is adapted to be connected to traveling bridge assembly  23  and to be in fluid communication with common suction header  75  (see e.g.,  FIGS. 33 ,  34  and  45 ). In a preferred embodiment, proximal end  302  is provided with a header flange  303  having bolt holes  304 . Flange  303  may be welded or otherwise secured to proximal end  301  of pipe  300 . Fixed attachment assembly  201  is then secured to the underside of traveling bridge assembly  23  using bolts through bolt holes  304  in flange  303 . 
     In the preferred embodiment, fixed attachment assembly  201  is in fluid communication with suction header  75  and drops down from traveling bridge  23  and terminates in an open distal end  301 . Fixed attachment assembly  201  functions to rotatably mount rotating backwash arm assembly  200  and to accommodate the flow of backwash fluid to the suction header  75 , as hereinafter described. Distal end  301  may be machined or otherwise adapted in order to accommodate the rotational and other components of backwash arm assembly  200 . An optional valve plate  305  having a flow orifice  306  may also be provided at the open portion of distal end  301  and secured thereto ( FIG. 46 ). Valve plate  305  is intended to be included on the fixed assembly  201  that rotatably secures the rotating backwash arm assembly  200  on the outside edges of the system as hereinafter described. Valve plate  305  is not necessary on the interior arms  200 . 
     A preferred embodiment of rotating backwash arm assembly  200  is shown in the drawings (see  FIGS. 36 ,  37  and  44 ). As indicated, in the preferred embodiment, rotating backwash arm assembly  200  is composed of two major structural components, the sealed rotation assembly  202  and the shoe attachment assembly  203 . It will be understood by those of skill in the art that, although not preferred, rotating arm assembly  200  may be one piece or several pieces consistent with the teachings of the present inventions. Similarly, fixed attachment assembly  201  may take a variety of configurations, or be omitted entirely, as long as rotating backwash arm  200  is in fluid communication with the suction header  75  of backwash assembly  21  and is permitted to rotate to effectuate cleaning of two adjacent rows of filter plates  26  as discussed herein. 
     Details of the sealed rotation assembly  202  component of preferred arm assembly  200  are shown in  FIGS. 40 and 41 . A pipe  310  is provided which is sized to fit concentrically over fixed attachment assembly  201 . Pipe  310  has a proximal end  311  and a distal end  312 . Proximal end  311  is provided with a gear flange  313  having bolt holes  314  to secure a rotation gear  315  (see e.g.,  FIG. 36 ) using bolts  316  or cable, lines, screws or other well known means (not shown). In a preferred embodiment, an upper bearing  317 , having an orifice  318  sized to engage the exterior of pipe  300  of fixed attachment assembly  201 , is provided within the opening of proximal end  312 . 
     The distal end  312  of pipe  310  is provided with a lower attachment flange  319  having holes  320  to accept bolts  321  to secure shoe attachment assembly  203 . The interior of distal end  312  of pipe  310  is provided with a distal bearing  322  that is secured within the opening of distal end  311  using screws  323  or other well known fastening means. Distal bearing  322  includes an opening  324  that is sized to sealingly engage the exterior circumference of proximal end  301  of pipe  300  of fixed attachment assembly  201 , yet at the same time, permit rotation of sealed pipe assembly  202  above fixed assembly  201 . Distal bearing  322  may be further secured within the distal end  312  of pipe  310  with a spacer ring  326  that fits with a groove (not shown) on the interior circumference of distal end  312  of pipe  310 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 36 ,  37  and  44 , sealed rotation assembly  202  is placed over fixed attachment assembly  201 . Upper bearing  317  is selected and sized so that it rotatably and sealingly secures, at least in part, sealed rotation assembly  202  to the proximal end  311  of pipe  310 . Similarly, distal bearing  322  is selected and sized to sealingly and rotatably secure, at least in part, sealed pipe assembly  202  to distal end  312  of pipe  310 . Together, upper bearing  317  and lower bearing  322  are sufficient to rotatably mount sealed rotation assembly  202  (as well as shoe attachment assembly  303  to fixed attachment assembly  201 ). Upper bearing  317  and lower bearing  322  act as spaced apart bushings that also hold rotating backwash arm assembly  200  in tight concentric alignment with fixed attachment assembly  201 . It will be understood by those of skill in the art that the seal created by bearings  317  and  322  do not have to be completely water tight seals, but sufficient to provide adequate suction during the backwashing operation. However, it is preferred that the seal created by bearings  317  and  322  be airtight to prevent the entry of air and/or the cavitation of the pump (not shown). And, although the above means of securing rotating arm assembly  200  to fixed attachment assembly  201  is preferred, other means of rotating attachment are contemplated and will be understood by those of skill in the art. 
     Shoe attachment assembly  203  may best be seen by reference to  FIGS. 42 and 43 . In a preferred embodiment, attachment assembly  203  also includes a pipe  330  having a proximal end  331  and a distal end  332 . Proximal end  331  is provided with a coupling flange  333  having holes  334  (not shown in  FIG. 42 ) designed to mate with and be secured to distal flange  319  of sealed rotation assembly  202 . In the case of an outside arm  200 , a rotating value plate  307  having a flow orifice  309  ( FIG. 47 ) is sandwiched between coupling flange  333  of shoe attachment assembly  203  and distal bearing  322  of sealed rotation assembly  202 . Rotating valve plate  307  cooperates with valve plate  305  to prevent flow to an outside arm, as hereinafter described. The open distal end  332  of pipe  330  is sealed with an end cap  336  ( FIG. 48 ), which may be secured with fasteners  337 . A longitudinal slit  338  is provided through pipe  330 , through which backwash water may flow. A backwash shoe  76 , having a longitudinal slit  339  that coincides with slit  338  of pipe  330  is also provided. Backwash shoe  76  may then be attached to pipe  330  using screws  340  or other well known means and is designed to contact or otherwise clean cloth filter media  47 . 
     Rotation of arm assemblies  200  in the preferred embodiment may be seen by reference to  FIGS. 32-35  and  45 . As indicated, the proximal end  311  of each arm is provided with a rotation gear  315 . When installed, the gears  315  of each of the arms are intermeshed so that they are able to rotate together ( FIGS. 32 and 33 ). Rotation gears  315  of arms  200  are rotated using drive gear  351  ( FIG. 45 ). Drive gear  351  mates with one or more rotation gears  315  and is driven by a motor  350  on traveling bridge assembly  23 . Although preferred, arms  200  do not have to rotate together. For example, the may be individually controlled and/or individually rotated with their own motors  350  or other drive means that will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. In operation, once backwashing is accomplished in one direction of travel, the arms  200  are rotated 180° so that other cloth filter media surfaces are backwashed in the other direction of travel (see e.g.,  FIG. 35 ). Other rotational patterns or sequences may be used, consistent with the inventions and as will be understood by those of skill in the art. 
     In order to have efficient backwashing with relatively even suction, the exterior arms  200  should preferably be shut off during the direction of travel that they are not conducting the backwash operation. In a preferred embodiment, this is accomplished with the valve plate  305  and the rotating valve plate  307 . Specifically, to conduct the backwash operation, flow orifice  306  of valve plate  305  is aligned with flow orifice  309  of rotating valve plate  307 . When the arms are rotated to backwash in the other direction, orifice  306  is no longer aligned with flow orifice  309  and flow through that arm is shut off. It will be understood that the flow does not have to be completely blocked, so long as suction to the arm  200  is substantially reduced. Other means of stopping the flow to the exterior arms when they are not conducting the backwash operation are contemplated and will be understood by those of skill in the art. 
     The above description is not intended to limit the meaning of the words used in the following claims that define the invention. Rather, it is contemplated that future modifications in structure, function or result will exist that are not substantial changes and that all such insubstantial changes in what is claimed are intended to be covered by the claims. Thus, while preferred embodiments of the present inventions have been illustrated and described, it will be understood that changes and modifications can be made without departing from the claimed invention. In addition, although the term “claimed invention” is sometimes used herein in the singular, it will be understood that there are a plurality of inventions as described and claimed. 
     Various features of the present inventions are set forth in the following claims.