Abstract:
A system for analyzing biological waste in an undergarment includes a mannequin with a simulated skin surface. An evacuation port is formed in the mannequin for eliminating a simulated human excretory product from the mannequin. A plurality of sensors is located about the evacuation port to sense the excretory product as it is eliminated through the evacuation port into an undergarment placed on the mannequin. A computer in communication with the sensors converts the sensed excretory product into a dispersion pattern for analysis.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     Consumers desire an undergarment that reduces spread of biological waste in an undergarment, especially on a baby after the baby has had a bowel movement (BM) or has urinated. Accordingly, there have been efforts to develop dependable bench methods for performing real-time quantification of BM spread in an undergarment product during simulated mannequin use in order to improve an undergarment product.  
         [0002]     Some bench measurement methods have targeted BM spread in static mannequins. For example, the undergarment product is placed on a static mannequin and insulted with a BM simulant. Allowing for dwell time, the undergarment product is removed from the mannequin for inspection. The inspection is typically performed visually or by photographic records, which does not provide a real-time measure of BM spread. Moreover, analyses of visual and photographic data recorded in these measurements are often time intensive and tedious.  
         [0003]     To provide real-time measurements of BM spread within the undergarment product during simulated use, there have been only few practical options such as: video imaging within the undergarment; or sensing technology that utilizes a fundamental sensing parameter to provide a position of BM. However, these bench measurement methods suffer from a number of drawbacks.  
         [0004]     Video imaging within the undergarment is problematic for several reasons. First, the only practical method of mounting a camera to record the BM movement is within the mannequin. In order to mount within the mannequin, a clear mannequin material is required, but a clear mannequin material or skin is difficult to work with due to conformability and surface problems. Second, even if a camera is mounted within the clear skin, there are drawbacks associated with flat field imaging. Specifically, a mannequin body exhibits a curvature, which is imposed upon the donned undergarment. Therefore, a single camera cannot reliably image the BM spread without severe distortion to the resulting BM spread images. Moreover, if analysis of BM spread in a moving mannequin is desired, to produce the mannequin to test motion, a skeleton has to be employed to support the mannequin skin. Such a skeleton will interfere with imaging and limit space for camera placement.  
         [0005]     Identifying a sensing technology for real-time BM spread requires analysis of features of a system that can be sensed. A component lending itself to detection is the BM simulant. The BM simulant can be sensed by fluid conductivity or interruption of a sensed parameter. Both of these techniques are inherently discrete, which requires several sensors to simultaneously respond over a finite area to detect position of the BM simulant. For fluid conductivity sensing, the BM simulant would have to physically flow between two conducting materials. The conductive fluid would complete a circuit and single that the BM simulant is present in a particular position. Conductivity measurement, however, is problematic in a skin surface sensor array for a variety of reasons. First, there are no commercially available conductivity arrays in a film format with sufficient spatial resolution. The other method of conductivity measurement would be to use a simple conductivity probe constructed of two conductive materials acting as a single point sensor and building an array of probes to look at distribution of the BM simulant. Previous attempts to use this method for urine detection and distribution have been cumbersome and problematic due the size of the conductive surfaces and proximity of the conductive materials. Moreover, loss of spatial resolution and false signaling plagued setups of this type. Additionally, this sensing technique requires that the BM simulant be in contact with the conductivity probe. This may leave BM that spreads in an undergarment undetected if it were not to come in contact with the skin of the mannequin.  
         [0006]     A system is needed in the industry for real-time detection and spread analysis of biological waste in an undergarment.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007]     In general, the present invention provides a detection and analysis system using a mannequin motion system equipped with a sensor that senses a parameter. The parameter is interrupted by a biological waste spread to detect and analyzed the spread in real-time. The component parts of the detection and analysis system are simple and economical to manufacture, assemble and use. Other advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the attached drawings, or can be learned through practice of the invention.  
         [0008]     As used herein, the term biological waste includes a simulated excrement, a simulated excretory product, a simulated exudate, a simulated bowel movement (BM), simulated feces, simulated urine, simulated menses, simulated blood and any other simulated human waste excretion.  
         [0009]     As used herein, the terms simulated and simulant are used to refer to any manufactured materials, objects and fluids and can mean virtual, artificial, synthetic and the like.  
         [0010]     As used herein, the term undergarment means any diaper, childcare, feminine care, adult care, healthcare or other undergarment.  
         [0011]     According to one aspect of the invention, a system for analyzing biological waste in an undergarment includes a mannequin having a simulated skin surface with an evacuation port formed through the skin surface. The evacuation port eliminates a simulated human excretory product from the mannequin. A plurality of sensors is arranged about the evacuation port. Each sensor senses the excretory product as the excretory product is eliminated through the evacuation port into an undergarment placed on the mannequin. A computer is in communication with the sensors for converting the sensed excretory product into a dispersion pattern defined in the undergarment.  
         [0012]     The mannequin in this aspect of the invention simulates human motion in order to better simulate biological waste spread such as when a toddler walks around a room. The evacuation port of the mannequin can simulate a human anus with the excretory product being a feces simulant for elimination through the simulated anus. Also in this aspect, an insult port can be provided for insulting simulated human urine from the mannequin into the undergarment is provided.  
         [0013]     At least one of the sensors in this aspect of the invention is a photodiode disposed in the skin surface of the mannequin. A light source is located about the mannequin to produce the light emission to activate the photodiode. The photodiode senses a light emission external to the skin surface and signals the computer when the excretory product is affecting the light emission. More particularly, the photodiode can be substantially flush with the skin surface, and further disposed under a transparent polymer coating, which itself is coated on the skin surface. The excretory product can be opaque in appearance to block the light emission, but it can also be translucent to alter the light emission. Likewise, the simulated human urine can include a darkening agent to affect sensing by the sensors.  
         [0014]     At least one of the sensors in this aspect of the invention can be a heat sensor disposed in the mannequin at least partially exposed to an ambient environment. The heat sensor senses a presence of the excretory product when a temperature of the excretory product is greater than an ambient temperature in the ambient environment.  
         [0015]     At least one of the sensors can also be a humidity sensor disposed in the mannequin. The humidity sensor senses a humidity of the excretory product.  
         [0016]     The computer records the dispersion pattern being produced by the excretory product being sensed by the sensors. The computer includes means for replaying the recorded dispersion pattern for a user to analyze the dispersion pattern being formed in real-time. Additionally, the system can include means for programming the computer to convert the excretory product into the dispersion pattern. The means for programming can be a software program configured to record the dispersion pattern in real-time and replay the dispersion pattern for analysis.  
         [0017]     According to another aspect of the invention, a system for undergarment waste analysis includes a mannequin defining an evacuation port therethrough. The evacuation port is configured to eliminate a simulated human excretory product from the mannequin. A plurality of photodiodes is disposed about the evacuation port, and each photodiode is configured for sensing the excretory product as the excretory product is eliminated from the evacuation port into an undergarment disposed about the mannequin. A computer is in communication with the photodiodes for converting substantially in real-time the sensed excretory product into a dispersion pattern defined in the undergarment.  
         [0018]     Photodiodes in this aspect of the invention are disposed substantially flush in a simulated skin surface of the mannequin. The photodiodes are configured to sense a light external to the simulated skin surface. The photodiodes are further configured to signal the computer when the excretory product is blocking the light.  
         [0019]     The mannequin in this aspect is configured to simulate human motion. The evacuation port of the mannequin can be a simulated anus, a simulated urethra or both.  
         [0020]     The excretory product can be a feces simulant, a urine simulant or a menses simulant, or any other biological waste. The excretory product can be opaque or translucent in appearance.  
         [0021]     The photodiodes are disposed under a transparent protective coating. The computer is configured to record the dispersion pattern of the excretory product being sensed by the photodiodes.  
         [0022]     The computer is configured to convert the replay of the dispersion pattern of the excretory product for a user to analyze the dispersion pattern being formed in real-time. The system can also include means for programming the computer to calculate the dispersion pattern from the excretory product.  
         [0023]     The system can include a heat sensor disposed in the mannequin. The heat sensor can sense a presence of the excretory product when a temperature of the excretory product is elevated above an ambient room temperature.  
         [0024]     The system can also include a humidity sensor disposed in the mannequin. The humidity sensor can sense a presence of the excretory product by a humidity of the excretory product.  
         [0025]     According to another aspect of the invention, a method is provided which includes the steps of providing a mannequin defining an evacuation port therethrough and including a plurality of photodiodes disposed about the evacuation port, the evacuation port being configured to eliminate a simulated human excretory product from the mannequin, each photodiode being configured for sensing the excretory product as the excretory product is eliminated from the evacuation port into an undergarment disposed about the mannequin; and providing a computer in communication with the photodiodes, the computer being configured for converting the sensed excretory product into a dispersion pattern defined in the undergarment.  
         [0026]     The method can include the step of disposing at least one of the photodiodes substantially flush with a simulated skin surface of the mannequin such that an emission from a light source is affected by the excretory product as the excretory product moves between the photodiode and the light source. The photodiode can be disposed under a transparent coating on the simulated skin surface.  
         [0027]     The method can also include the step of injecting a darkening agent in the excretory product such that the excretory product exhibits an opaque appearance to block the emission.  
         [0028]     The method can also accommodate the step of placing the mannequin in motion while the excretory product is being eliminated from the evacuation port into the undergarment.  
         [0029]     Other aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the attached drawings, or can be learned through practice of the invention.  
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0030]     A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention, including the best mode thereof to one of ordinary skill in the art, is set forth more particularly in the remainder of the specification, including reference to the accompanying figures in which:  
         [0031]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a detection and analysis system according to one embodiment of the invention;  
         [0032]      FIG. 2  is a schematic view of a portion of the detection and analysis system as in  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0033]      FIG. 3A  is a top perspective view of a mannequin as used in the detection and analysis system of  FIG. 2 ;  
         [0034]      FIG. 3B  is a bottom perspective view of the mannequin as in  FIG. 3A ;  
         [0035]      FIG. 4  is an elevational view of a photodiode as used in one embodiment of the invention;  
         [0036]      FIG. 5  is a schematic diagram showing operation of the photodiode as in  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0037]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram showing placement points in the mannequin for the photodiodes of  FIG. 4 ;  
         [0038]      FIG. 7  is an elevational view of a display showing an intensity graph relative to the schematic diagram of  FIG. 6 ;  
         [0039]      FIG. 8  is a flow chart of a computer program for recording real-time biological waste spread in accordance with an aspect of the invention; and  
         [0040]      FIG. 9  is a flow chart of a computer program for playing back a recorded biological waste spread as in  FIG. 8 . 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0041]     Detailed reference will now be made to the drawings in which examples embodying the present invention are shown. Repeat use of reference characters in the drawings and detailed description is intended to represent like or analogous features or elements of the present invention.  
         [0042]     The drawings and detailed description provide a full and detailed written description of the invention and the manner and process of making and using it, so as to enable one skilled in the pertinent art to make and use it. The drawings and detailed description also provide the best mode of carrying out the invention. However, the examples set forth herein are provided by way of explanation of the invention and are not meant as limitations of the invention. The present invention thus includes modifications and variations of the following examples as come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.  
         [0043]     As broadly embodied in the figures, a detection and analysis system is provided with sensors that sense a parameter, which can be interrupted by a simulated biological waste in an undergarment for detection and analysis of a spread of the simulated biological waste. The detection and analysis system broadly includes a mannequin motion system with a movable mannequin connected to a movement controller within a light box. The mannequin is in electronic communication with a computer for relaying collected data relative to the mannequin. The skilled artisan will instantly recognize that the components of the detection and analysis system, described in detail below and their materials and dimensions are modifiable to accommodate various manufacturing and testing requirements and are limited to only those examples shown in the figures.  
         [0044]     A first embodiment of a detection and analysis system, designated in general by the element number  10 , is shown in  FIGS. 1-5 . The detection and analysis system  10  broadly includes a mannequin motion system  12 , a computer  14 , a light box  16 , a mannequin  18  and a controller  20 . By way of brief introduction, the mannequin  18  is electrically connected to the computer  14  and the controller  20  within the light box  16 . An undergarment U (shown in phantom for clarity) is attached to the mannequin  18  in a known manner and a simulated biological waste product B is insulted through the mannequin  18  into the undergarment U. As will be described in greater detail below, a number of sensors such as photodiodes  40  are embedded in or located near a surface or simulated skin  22  of the mannequin  18 . As the biological waste B passes over the photodiodes  40 , the photodiodes  40  register the presence of the biological waste B due to an attenuation of incoming light that is normally received by the photodiodes  40 . Further details of the photodiodes and alternative sensors as well as other components of the detection and analysis system  10 , its material makeup, arrangement and examples of its operation are provided in greater detail below.  
         [0045]     With particular reference to  FIGS. 1 and 2 , the detection and analysis system  10  utilizes the light box  16  with a plurality of sensors such as photodiodes  40   a - x  (where x represents a theoretically limitless number of photodiodes), which are situated in the mannequin  18 . As discussed in greater detail below, in addition to the photodiodes  40   a - x , or alternatively, a plurality of heat sensors  56   a - x  and humidity sensors  60   a - x  can be used by the detection and analysis system  10 .  
         [0046]     As shown most clearly in  FIG. 1 , the mannequin  18  is positioned within the light box  16 , which includes three walls  16 A-C, a ceiling  16 D, a floor  16 E and a door  16 F. As shown, the mannequin  18  includes a simulated skin  22  and forms a torso  18 A and left and right legs  18 B,C. The mannequin  18  also includes an evacuation port  26  (alternatively, insult port or aperture) defined through the simulated skin  22 . The legs  18 A,B are connected to the controller  20  to control movement of the mannequin  18  as will be described below. As further shown, a biological waste simulant container  36  is connected to the mannequin  18  via a tube  24  that extends to the evacuation port  26 . The mannequin  18  is also connected to the computer  14  and a data acquisition card (DAQ)  30 . The DAQ  30  collects data on the simulated biological waste B spread in the undergarment U and displays that data on a display  28  as will be described below.  
         [0047]      FIG. 1  further shows a plurality of mounted light fixtures  32   a - x  (where x represents a theoretically unlimited number of fixtures). Also shown, at least two mobile fixtures  34   a,b  known as “trouble lights” can be positioned as desired to change an emission of light rays L or intensity relative to certain aspects of the mannequin  18 .  FIG. 1  also illustrates potential directions of motion by the legs  18 A,B via the controller  20  as indicated by the bold arrows labeled M.  
         [0048]     Turning now to  FIG. 2 , a portion of the detection and analysis system  10  is shown schematically. As shown, the computer  14  is interfaced to a multiplexer  42  such as a four slot SCXI series chassis available from National Instruments Corporation, Austin, Tex. As shown, four (4) photodiode arrays  38   a - d , each having thirty-two photodiodes  40   a - x , are interfaced to respective modules  44   a - d , which are connected to the multiplexer  42 . In this aspect of the invention, the DAQ  30  is an NI PCI-6036e card also available from National Instruments Corporation. The National Instruments DAQ and related system is suitable due to flexibility, expandability, accuracy and programming ease. For instance, the NI PCI-6036e card provides sixteen-bit accuracy (greater than 65,000 levels) on analog inputs at 200-kilo samples/second. However, since the NI PCI-6036e card allows only sixteen single-ended or eight differential inputs, a signal conditioning/multiplexing chassis, the multiplexer  42 , is used to expand the range of the DAQ  30  in this exemplary set up. The skilled artisan will instantly recognize that other data acquisition systems and cards can be used; therefore, the DAQ  30  of the detection and analysis system  10  is not limited to the M PCI-6036e card, which is an example only. Moreover, use of a greater capacity acquisition card that allows more than sixteen single-ended or eight differential inputs can eliminate the need for the multiplexer  42  as used in this example.  
         [0049]     With continued reference to  FIG. 2 , the multiplexer  42  is shown loaded with the four modules  44 A-D. The modules  44 A-D are each SCXI-1032 channel analog input modules that provide a total of 128 analog input channels. The 128 channels are multiplexed by the multiplexer  42  to the DAQ card  30  channels through the multiplexer  42 . The modules  44 A-D are connectable to the photodiode arrays  38 A-D through removable shielded terminal blocks (not shown).  
         [0050]      FIG. 2  further shows the plurality of heat sensors  56   a - x  and humidity sensors  60   a - x  briefly introduced above. As shown, a heat sensor array  54  includes the plurality of heat sensors  56   a - x . The heat sensors  56   a - x  are interfaced to one of the modules  44   a - d , which are connected to the multiplexer  42  as described above. Likewise, a humidity sensor array  58  includes the plurality of humidity sensors  60   a - x , which is also connected to the multiplexer  42 . For clarity, only one heat sensor array  54  and only one humidity sensor array  58  are shown in  FIG. 2 , but those skilled in the art will recognize that multiple arrays, each containing multiple sensors, can be employed in the detection and analysis system  10 . The heat sensors  56   a - x  and the humidity sensors  60   a - x  can be physically arranged on, in or about the mannequin  18  for sensing heat and humidity, respectively, in real time in a manner similar to the photodiodes  40   a - x  as discussed below.  
         [0051]     Turning now to  FIG. 3A , the mannequin  18  is more particularly shown connected to the controller  20  and the multiplexer  42 , which are powered by a power supply  46 . As shown, a plurality of recesses  22   a - x  are defined in the simulated skin  22  of the mannequin  18 . In this example, the simulated skin  22  is a polymer although various elastomeric materials can be used, which have sufficient extensibility and elastic recovery properties. A plurality of electrical connecting wires  45  is used to connect the sensors such as the photodiodes  40   a - x  to the modules  44   a - x , which are connected to the multiplexer  42 . The wires  45  can be two-conductor, sealed wire obtained from manufacturers such as Bay Associates of Menlo Park, Calif., which can custom create the wires  45  to be small, flexible 36 AWG gauge wire. As further shown, the legs  18 B,C are connected by cables/serial ports  47  to the computer  14  as known to the skilled artisan, and the electrical connecting wires  45  connect the controller  20  to the power supply  46  to control movement of the mannequin  18 .  
         [0052]     With reference to both  FIGS. 3A and 3B , the recesses  22   a - x  are used to position the photodiodes  40   a - x , the heat sensors  56   a - x , and the humidity sensors  60   a - x , as well as other sensors and combinations of these sensors, in or on the mannequin  18 . As  FIG. 3B  particularly shows, the evacuation port  26  can be a simulated anus  26 A or a simulated urethra  26 B. To prevent the simulated biological waste B from flowing into the recesses  22   a - x  from the evacuation port  26  and contacting the sensors or the electrical connecting wires  45 , a protective compound or covering  48  is used to coat the mannequin  18 . The covering  48  can be a silicone rubber compound such as Dragon Skin™ brand available from Smooth On, Inc. Such a silicone rubber compound is also durable and flexible, which is useful for repetitive motions when the mannequin  18  is put into motion by the controller  20 .  
         [0053]     Turning now to  FIG. 4 , one sensor according to an aspect of the invention is the photodiode  40   a - x  as briefly introduced above. The photodiode  40   a - x  includes an N and P type silicone sandwiched together for exposure to ambient lighting such as the mounted fixtures  32   a - x  and mobile fixtures  34 A,B as described above. The photodiodes  40  each have a lens  41  for passage of the light rays L. In this example, the lens  41  is located near the skin surface  22  as described above. In use, when a reverse bias voltage is applied to the photodiode  40 , a “depletion region” (lack of electrical charge) is created in the PN junction. As photons of certain wavelengths from the light rays L fall on the depletion region, an electron hole pair is created. The electron hole pair separate with an electron entering the N-type silicone and the hole entering the P-type, which results in a current generated by the light rays incident upon the photodiode  40 . Migration of holes and electrons to their respective regions is known as the photovoltaic effect.  
         [0054]     With reference to  FIGS. 4 and 5 , a basic circuit to read a current from the photodiode  40   a - x  is shown. As introduced above, the light rays L reach the lens  41  of the photodiode  40   a - x  to allow current to flow that is proportional to intensity and wavelength of the light rays L. In this aspect of the invention, the input to a programmable gain instrumentation amp (PGIA)  43  located on the analog input module has relatively high impedance; thus, most of the current flows through a Kilo-ohm resistor  47  as shown, which creates a voltage drop. This voltage is amplified and multiplexed back to the DAQ card  30  where the voltage drop is then reported to software loaded in the computer  14 , which will be described below.  
         [0055]      FIG. 6  most clearly shows the plurality of photodiode recesses  22   a - x  in the skin  22  of the mannequin  18  arranged for detecting and monitoring the simulated biological waste B spread when the undergarment U is placed around the mannequin  18  in a typical fashion. As noted above, the lens  41  of each photodiode  40   a - x  rests in, or possibly slightly protrudes from, the photodiode recesses  22   a - x . More particularly, each lens  41  is substantially flush with the skin  22  as will be described example operation below.  
         [0056]      FIG. 7  most clearly shows the display  28  of the computer  14  as briefly introduced above. As shown, a two-dimensional intensity graph  50  related to a sensed output of the photodiodes  40   a - x  (see  FIG. 4 ) is shown. Individual photodiode intensity markers  52  are on the order of a picture element (pixel).  
         [0057]      FIG. 8  shows creation of a data-recording program for use with the detection and analysis system  10 . In this aspect of the invention, LabView® programming language, available from National Instruments Corporation, is used to create the recording program. The recording program is used to record incoming data from sensors such as the photodiodes  40   a - x  as described above with respect to  FIGS. 1-7 . An output of the multiplexer  42  is recorded using, by example, a LabView® data acquisition subroutine. The subroutine allows for the analog-to-digital conversion of the sensor input so that the output can be recorded and displayed within the LabView® program (see  FIG. 7 ).  
         [0058]     Turning now to  FIG. 9 , a second program is required to play back previously recorded information as described above with respect to  FIG. 8 . The saved data from the sensors such as the photodiodes  40   a - x  can be displayed in a 900×900 intensity graph and/or as shown in  FIG. 7  to watch the spread of the simulated biological waste B as measured by changes in humidity, temperature or the photodiode intensity. The playback program according to  FIG. 9  can also include the intensity graph to show an X-Y streaming output that changes in amplitude and color intensity as the sensor voltage changes.  
         [0059]     The invention may be better understood with reference to an exemplary operation of the detection and analysis system  10  as described above.  
         [0060]     With particular reference to  FIGS. 1-5 , the mannequin  18  is connected to the controller  20  and to the computer  14  from within the light box  16 .  
       EXAMPLE  
       [0061]     For first-use evaluation, the mannequin  18  was left in a static position and signal levels of the photodiodes  40   a - x  were observed in two situations; i.e., with and without a product U donned. The signal level of the photodiodes  40   a - x  without the product U was approximately 1 V. With the product U donned, the signal levels were approximately an order of magnitude less. This was dependant on the location of the photodiode  40   a - x  with respect to the product U. The photodiodes  40   a - x  that are at the front waist region of the mannequin are severely attenuated due to the opaque nature of the PUB material landing zone of the product U. Also in the crotch region of the product U, there is extensive bunching and overlapping of cover/core materials, which attenuates the light entering. Higher wattage light sources  32   a - x  can be used to increase the depth of penetration of light into the product U. The caveat to the higher wattage sources  32   a - x  is the higher heat conditions inside of the box  16 . The distance of the sources  32   a - x  from the photodiodes  40   a - x  will also play a part in the flux of light though the product U. The inverse square law for radiant sources must be considered for this setup. The law states that the intensity from the radiant source will diminish with relation to the inverse square of the distance. Therefore, the farther removed the lighting  32   a - x , the larger the attenuation of intensity. Customized lighting, such as trouble lights  34   a,b  is flexible and invasive enough to eliminate this attenuation problem.  
         [0062]     The mannequin  18  was run through some simple non-repetitive dynamic motions to see the effects on the photodiodes  40   a - x . Once the Dragon Skin® was put in place on the mannequin  18 , there was not immediate movement of the photodiodes  40   a - x  from the surface of the mannequin  18 . Due to the rigidity of the heat shrink on the outside of the photodiode connection wires  45 , it was suspected that the dynamics of the mannequin  18  may cause the photodiodes  40   a - x  and the wires  45  to come out of the surface of the mannequin  18 . This may have been remedied due to two reasons. First, despite the mold release that was placed on the heat shrink of the wires  45 , the wires  45  were probably molded in curved positions and this would prevent an angular placement of the wire  45  (with respects to the normal of the skin surface  22 ) to allow for it to be mobile within the mannequin  18 . Second, the clear skin  22  may act as a barrier that holds the photodiodes  40   a - x  in place. When placed on the mannequin  18 , the skin  22  filled in around the photodiodes  40   a - x  and into the holes  22   a - x  of the mannequin  18 . This may also help the stability of the photodiodes  40   a - x  in the mannequin  18 .  
         [0063]     When donned with the product U and insulted with 60 mL of 10-3 simulant, the photodiode mannequin  18  clearly indicated the presence of a simulated bowel movement (BM) or simulant B when covered. An additional observation that was made during the testing was that at the edge of the insult spread region, the output signal of the photodiode  40   a - x  did not drop suddenly. Photodiodes  40   a - x  at the edge of the BM slowly decreased in output until covered by enough simulant B to block all extent light. This indicates the photodiodes  40   a - x  are sensitive to thickness changes in the BM to a point. Alternatively stated, in addition to the photodiodes  40   a - x  being able to detect varying light intensities, the photodiodes  40   a - x  are also capable of assessing thickness of the simulant B covering one or more of the photodiodes  40   a - x  when the simulant B is thin enough and/or translucent to allow some light to pass.  
         [0064]     To prevent moisture from contacting the edges of the clear skin  22  at the point of interface with the mannequin surface  18 , the edges of clear skin  22  were painted to the top  18 A of the torso  18  and down to middle of the legs  18 B,C. Around the BM insult point  26 , the clear skin  22  was placed into the hole surrounding the insult tube  26  and onto the tube. A sized o-ring was then slipped over the tube  26  to hold the skin  22  in place in case peeling occurred. The Dragon Skin® works as a natural buffer for both the mannequin  18  and photodiodes  40   a - x . If the skin  22  were to become stained with BM to a point where cleaning becomes problematic or begins to peel in the insult region, the skin can be easily stripped from the mannequin  18  and replaced.  
         [0065]     The original design of the light box  16  incorporated fluorescent lights due to their higher lumen output and temperature regulation. Despite spectral sensitivity data indicating otherwise, the photodiodes  40   a - x  did not provide an adequate output when exposed to fluorescent lighting. To correct this, the box  16  was retrofitted with incandescent bulbs  32   a - x  since the spectral sensitivity of the photodiodes  40   a - x  peaks in the high visible to near infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum. This retrofit provided sufficient excitation for the photodiodes  40   a - x . The temperature due to the incandescent bulbs  32   a - x  varied in the range of 83 to 84 degrees F. after one hour of warm up and one hour of monitoring. Therefore, the temperature of the box  16  is acceptable and will create more real conditions (biological temperatures) for testing.  
         [0066]     While the exemplary software used in the foregoing testing was capable of recording and subsequently playing back the recorded data, real-time playback speed can be increased in order for a user to more quickly observe the data as it is being collected. Therefore, other software can be substituted to permit even more rapid displays of large intensity graphs in order to improve the real-time display ability of the system  10 . Additionally, alternative software can be loaded in the computer  14  to provide three-dimensional analyses of biological waste spread. Such “3D” software is available, for instance, from National Instruments Corporation to enable a technician to operate the computer  14  in a manner similar to that described above with respect to  FIGS. 7-9 . Specifically, by selecting the 3D window in  FIG. 9 , the technician can rotate the individual photodiode intensity markers  52  about X-Y-Z axes on the display  28  of the computer  14  to present different aspects of the mannequin  18  in order to analyze the spread at particular points on the mannequin  18 .  
         [0067]     While various embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art will recognize that other changes and modifications may be made to the foregoing embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, various sensors can be used that sense various parameters, which can be interdicted according to various methods to suit particular applications to sense waste spread. It is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.