Abstract:
The invention comprises a method of treating waste water using a formulation that stimulates microorganisms and increases biological activity. Also included is the method for preparing the formulation used in the method. The formulation is both environmentally and physically safe. The formulation in the inventive method increases the respiration and reproductive rates of most bacteria. The method includes introduction of the formulation into a waste water treatment system non-selectively which enhances aerobic biological activity, thereby improving both carbonaceous and nitrogenous removals. The formulation is especially effective for endogenous situations. The non-selective nature of the formulation enhances most biological activity, thus allowing for overall performance improvements within a waste water treatment plant and in other activities. The formulation is made by the blending of  ascophyllum nodosum  seaweed extract, liquid coconut oil surfactant (concentrate 41), chemical mixture, and de-ionized water.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application continues from a provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/351,450 filed Jan. 28, 2002, and further from a copending utility application Ser. No. 10/352,366 filed Jan. 27, 2003, and further from a copending continuation in part thereto Ser. No. 11/217,714 filed Sep. 2, 2005, and further from a co-pending continuation in part thereto Ser. No. 11/801,862 filed May 10, 2007, and claims the filing dates thereof as to the common subject matter therewith. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    1. Field of the Invention 
         [0003]    The present invention generally relates to the field of waste water treatment. Specifically, it concerns a method of treatment using a formulation that stimulates respiration and reproductive rates for most bacteria to greatly accelerate the process of waste water treatment. 
         [0004]    2. Description of the Prior Art 
         [0005]    The treatment of waste water in a conventional waste water treatment facility is a time consuming process. The result is that in order for any such facility to have meaningful capacity, the residence time of the waste water must be substantial in order for the bacteria to have sufficient time to achieve an acceptable effluent quality. This results in the construction of massive storage tanks at great expense, which also constitute an eyesore in their communities. 
         [0006]    Heinicke, U.S. Pat. No. 4,666,606, describes an extract of plant materials that produce a enzyme, xeronine, with the properties of bacteriological stimulation that can be used in the waste water treatment field. This product is effective but has several drawbacks that the present invention overcomes. Mundschenk, U.S. Pat. No. 6,284,012, teaches a method of extraction of the xeronine and a product derived therefrom used in waste water treatment and grease removal in waste water lines. This product has the stated effect but has several shortcomings that the present invention improves upon and allows for a broader application. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    Bearing in mind the foregoing, a principal object of the present invention is to provide a method of treatment of waste water that greatly accelerates the rate at which adequate treatment can be achieved. 
         [0008]    A related object of the invention is to reduce the cost of construction of future waste water treatment facilities by minimizing the need for massive storage tanks to achieve sufficient residence time for the bacteria to accomplish an acceptable effluent quality. 
         [0009]    Another object of the invention is a method to achieve enhanced aerobic and anaerobic biological activity which in turn improves effluent quality. 
         [0010]    A further object of the invention is decreased recovery time after upset in a treatment facility. 
         [0011]    An additional object of the invention is bio-solids reduction via endogenous stimulation with resulting lower solids disposal costs. 
         [0012]    One more object of the invention is reduced scum formation resulting in less odors. 
         [0013]    Another object of the invention is the elimination or reduction of algae. 
         [0014]    A further object of this invention is to increase the microbial degradation action on fats, oils and grease that accumulates in waste water systems and treatment plants. 
         [0015]    An additional object of this invention is an increase in respiration rate of bacteria, plants, yeasts, and molds in the fermentation process, both as it relates to waste water and bio-solids digestion in other areas of microbial fermentation. 
         [0016]    A further object of the invention is to increase yield of antibiotics and other biotechnology products. 
         [0017]    An additional object of this invention is to increase the production of methane in an anaerobic digester to improve the yield of said production for co-generation of electric power or for conversion to methanol fuel. 
         [0018]    Another object of this invention is to increase the biological respiration of microorganisms present in animal wastes to reduce the formation of hydrogen sulfide gas and ammonia gas in waste lagoons and holding tanks. 
         [0019]    A related, object of this invention is to reduce odor from an animal waste systems, in animal housing units and confined animal feed operations (CAFO=s). 
         [0020]    An additional object of this invention is to reduce the sludge levels in waste lagoons, holding tanks and septic tanks thereby increasing their effective capacity. 
         [0021]    Other objects and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the following descriptions. 
         [0022]    In accordance with a principal aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of waste water treatment using a formulation that increases biological activity. The formulation that increases biological activity has the significant advantage that it is both environmentally and physically safe. The formulation used in the inventive method increase the respiration and reproductive rates of most bacteria. The formulation used in the inventive method non-selectively enhances aerobic biological activity, thereby improving both carbonaceous and nitrogenous removals. The method is especially effective for endogenous situations. The non-selective nature of the method enhances most biological activity, thus allowing for overall performance improvements within a treatment plant. The invention further contemplates the method of making the formulation used in the inventive method as described herein. 
         [0023]    The formulation used in the method is made by the blending of  ascophyllum nodosum  seaweed extract, liquid coconut oil surfactant (concentrate 41), a chemical mixture, and de-ionized water.  Ascophyllum nodosum  seaweed is extracted from freshly harvested  ascophyllum nodosum  seaweed from the North. Atlantic coast of Nova Scotia, Canada. The pH of the extract is 8. Concentrate 41 is a highly concentrated, surfactant made up of liquid coconut oil that is a dispersing agent that acts wetting agent to reduce the surface tension within the composition. The pH of the concentrate is 6.8 and is odorless. The chemical constituents are used to improve the bacterial utilization of the organic matter in the waste water and/or biosolids. These substances are very low or nonexistent in the normal waste water, animal manure, industrial effluents and in most natural water environments. 
         [0024]    The method of blending the formulation used in the inventive method can be summarized as follows: In a sanitized container add the calculated volume of plant extract then add with high shear mixing the surfactant until mixed; then add the required amount of prepared chemical mixture again with high shear mixing at this time then add the preservative and an anti-foam agent. The concentrate is diluted for use in a ratio of 1:10 with the addition of sterile de-ionized water and additional preservative and an anti-foam agent. The final product is adjusted to pH between 6.8 and 8.5 with a citric acid solution. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS 
         [0025]      FIG. 1  is a graphical comparison in rates of respiration between two samples, one using the formulation used in the inventive method, and the other using a simple raw sea plant extract. 
           [0026]      FIG. 2  is a Taft Line chart of a controlled study performed on an existing main sewerage collection point showing the increase in respiration (oxygen utilization per hour) when the formulation of the inventive method is added to one of two identical sewerage samples placed in a respirometer. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0027]    As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention which may be embodied in various forms. Therefore, specific functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a basis for the appended claims and as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention in virtually any appropriate circumstance. 
         [0028]    Preparation of the Formulation Used in the Inventive Method is achieved with the following ingredients:
       Plant Extract:  Ascophyllum Nodosum  Liquid Seaweed Concentrate (29%) (Acadian Seaplants Limited, Nova Scotia, Canada.)   Chemical mixture: (Florida Supplements Corp, Hollywood, Fla.) 3-[(4-amino-2-methyl-5-pyrimidinyl)methyl]-5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazolium 100 mg/ml, 3-pyridinecarboxamide 100 mg/ml, 4,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol 10 mg/ml, 3-[(2R,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethyl-utanoyl)amino]propanoic acid 10 mg/ml, Riboflavin 5 mg/ml, Cyanocobalamin 100 mcg/ml, 3-hydroxy-4-trimethylammonio-butanoate 100 mg/ml, 2-aminopentanedioic acid 250 mg/ml, 2-aminopropanoic acid 50 mg/ml, N-[4(2-Amino-4-hydroxy-pteridin-6-ylmethylamino)-benzoyl]-L(+)-glutamic acid 200 mg/ml, Biotin 50 mg/ml, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 10 mg/ml, Citric acid 100 mg/ml, and Preservative: (ISP Inc.) 0.002%.   Surfactant: Concentrate #41 (Concord, Chemical Co., Camden, N.J.)   Anti-Foam: FG-10 anti-foam (Dow Corning, Midland, Mich.) 0.0025%.   Preservative Germali 115 (ISP Inc.)   De-ionized Water       
 
         [0035]    The formula for one (1) gallon of the formulation used in the inventive method as a working solution is:
       Plant extract: 227 mL   Chemical mixture: 36 mL   Surfactant: 95 mL   Anti-foam Agent: 3.8 mL   Preservative: 12 mL   De-ionized Water: 3428 mL       
 
         [0042]    The preparation of the formulation used in the inventive method is described as follows: To the required amount of de-ionized water is added the sea plant extract and mixed with high shear mixing. The surfactant is then added with mixing followed by the chemical mixture and the anti-foam agent. The preservative is then added with high shear mixing. The entire batch is then pH adjusted with a 1N solution of citric acid to achieve a pH of between 6.8 and 8.5. The finished formulation is then dispensed into storage containers for use and stored at nominal room temperature. The formulation is stable for 1 year from the date of manufacture. 
         [0043]    The following test was performed. A sample of mixed liquor from the end of a water treatment plant aeration tank was collected to compare the characteristics of treated versus untreated sludge. A 30 minute settleable solids test and a total suspended solids test were run on the untreated, sludge. The sample was then treated with 1.0 ppm of the formulation used in the inventive method, and loaded into the respirometer. The respirometer continued to run for 24 hours until a constant endogenous rate of respiration was attained. The analyses were then repeated, in order to compare the results. The results are as follows: 
         [0000]    MLSS (Pre)=3618 mg/l MLSS (post)=3065 mg/I 
         [0044]    The results indicate that the settling rate was improved by 18.6% and the suspended solids concentration was reduced by 15.3% following the addition of the formulation. Observations were made of the results of the 30-min. settleable solids tests and some dramatic differences were noted. The supernatant liquid above the solid-liquid interface in the treated sample was clearer, with less turbidity than that of the untreated sample. The water surface appeared to be free of grease, oil and ash, where the untreated sample did not. Also, the sludge rose to the surface within a few hours. 
         [0045]    Examples of uses of the inventive method and tests using the formulation of the inventive method are as follows: 
       Example 1 
       [0046]    Initial sampling was performed at the City of Sunrise, Florida Sawgrass wastewater treatment plant, for the purpose of establishing laboratory procedures and to verify proper equipment operation. Samples were collected from the aeration basin, headworks and effluent and raw samples were analyzed for TSS. 
         [0000]    The results are as follows:
 
Mixed Liquor 30 min. Sett. Solids—56%
 
MLTSS—3595 mg/l
 
Effluent TSS—2.04 mg/l
 
Raw TSS—128.8 mg/l
 
The test results are as expected and the performance of all laboratory equipment is satisfactory.
 
       Example 2 
       [0047]    Samples were collected at the Sawgrass facility, from the aeration basin and from the discharge manifold of the return activated sludge pumps (RAS). The purpose is to familiarize the technical staff in the operation of the respirometer and the interpretation of the respirometry graph results. The respirometer was set up and calibrated and 1600 ml of mixed liquor from the aeration basin was added to the sample chamber. The instrument was run until a constant endogenous respiration rate was established. The rate was determined to be 7.4 ml/L/hr. The sample chamber was drained, and 1800 ml of RAS was added. This sample was also run until a constant endogenous respiration rate was established. This rate was determined to be 9.0 ml/L/hr. The endogenous rate of the return activated sludge is typically three times higher than that of the mixed liquor. It was determined that a process modification was made by the plant operator, where raw waste water was entering the aeration basin, immediately upstream of the clarifier. This would account for the anomalous rate of respiration. All subsequent samples of aeration basin mixed liquor shall be collected from the northern basin of the Anew side@ of the facility, immediately prior to the clarifiers. In the future, Return Activated Sludge (RAS) samples will not be collected from this facility. 
       Example 3 
       [0048]    The RAS sample from the previous analysis was retained in the sample chamber for another series of tests, The endogenous rate of respiration was 11.50 ml/L/hr at the start of the test procedure was to add increasing amounts of food (beer), and determine the initial respiration rates, and time required to metabolize the food (treatment time). The results of the tests are as follows: 
         [0000]    3 ml: IRR=26.17 ml/l/HR 
       TT=102 min. 
       [0049]    6 ml: IRR=44.56 ml/L/hr 
       TT=123.6 min. 
       [0050]    9 ml: IRR.=43.12 ml/l/HR 
       TT=140.4 MIN. 
       [0051]    The test results demonstrate the increasing respiration rates and treatment times due to the respective amounts of added food. 
       Example 4 
       [0052]    (3 ml Beer) RR—71.15 ml/L/hr 
       TT=24 min. 
       [0053]    (3 ml Beer+2 ppm) RR=81.4 ml/L/hr
 
% Increase RR (w/ the formulation of the present invention)=12.2%
 
% Decrease TT (w/ the formulation of the present invention)=12.6%
 
       Example 5 
       [0054]    A sample of mixed liquor (2000 ml) from the end of the aeration basin was collected and loaded into the respirometer. The sample continued to run until a constant endogenous rate of respiration was attained. This rate was determined to be 9.65 ml/L/hr. 3 ml of beer was added to the sample and the respiration rate was recorded. The respiration rate was 24.75 ml/L/hr and the treatment time was 109 minutes. The sample was then treated with 3 ml of beer+2 ppm of the biocatalyst. The respiration rate was 30.77 ml/L/hr and the treatment time was 81.6 minutes. The respiration rate was increased 19.6% and the treatment time reduced 25.1%. The test was continued with the addition of 6 ml of beer to the sample. The respiration rate was 38.6 ml/L/hr and the treatment time was 112.8 minutes. The sample was then treated with 6 ml of beer 2 ppm of the biocatalyst. The respiration rate was 47.0 ml/L/hr and the treatment time reduced 18.1%. 
       Example 6 
       [0055]    A fresh sample of mixed liquor (2000 ml) from the end of the aeration basin was collected and located into the respirometer. The sample continued to run until a constant endogenous rate of respiration was attained. This rate was determined to be 8.69 ml/L/hr. The sample was treated on an alternating basis with 3 ml of beer, then 3 ml of beer 4-2 ppm of the biocatalyst. A total of 4 series of test were run on this basis. The results of the tests are as follows: 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Test #1 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (3 ml Beer) 
                 RR = 27.47 ml/L/hr 
                 TT = 102 min. 
               
               
                   
                 (3 ml Beer + 2 ppm) 
                 RR = 30.77 
                 TT = 87.6 min. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 % Increase RR (w/the biocatalyst) = 10.7% 
               
               
                   
                 % Decrease TT (w/the biocatalyst) = 14.1% 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Test #2 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (3 ml Beer) 
                 RR = 36.05 ml/L/hr 
                 TT = 62.4 min. 
               
               
                   
                 (3 ml Beer + 2 ppm) 
                 RR = 41.65 ml/L/hr 
                 TT = 52.2 min. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 % Increase RR (w/the biocatalyst) = 13.4% 
               
               
                   
                 % Decrease TT (w/the biocatalyst) = 16.3% 
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 Test #3 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 (3 ml Beer) 
                 RR = 56.71 ml/L/hr 
                 TT = 34.8 min. 
               
               
                   
                 (3 ml Beer + 2 ppm) 
                 RR = 66.91 ml/L/hr 
                 TT = 30 min. 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 % Increase RR(w/the biocatalyst) = 15.2% 
               
               
                   
                 % Decrease TT (w/the biocatalyst) = 13.8% 
               
             
          
         
       
     
       Example 7 
       [0056]    Example of formulation used in the inventive method over raw extract on test organisms: 
         [0000]    This test was a respiration comparison, and the data are shown on  FIG. 1 . It was performed in an Arthur Technologies Duel Chamber Respirometer at 25 C. Cell A contained a standard seed culture of microorganisms and nutrient common to the waste water industry and the addition of the raw sea plant extract. Cell B contained the exact same mixture of organisms and nutrients but this cell had the formula as presented herein in place of the raw extract. The resultant data show the marked increase in cellular respiration with the formula vs. the raw extract and the log phase growth of the organisms occurs many hours before the log phase growth in the cell with only the extract. 
       Example 8 
       [0057]    Example of the formulation used in the inventive method in a working sewerage collection system: Reference is made to  FIG. 2 . This Taft Line chart is of a controlled study performed on an existing main sewerage collection point in a municipality in South Florida, The sample was taken from a manhole in a sterile container and returned to the lab within 2 hours. The sample was placed in the Respirometer so that cell A contained the raw sewage without additives and cell. B contained the same amount of material plus the addition of the formulation used in the inventive method. It is very apparent that the results of respiration (oxygen utilization per hour) are substantially increased by the use of the formulation. This test confirms that the addition of this formulation of the inventive method does increase the respiration of the microorganisms present, and that, in turn, results in an increased utilization of the nutrients present in waste water. This increased utilization results in a decrease in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and a reduction in sludge volume. 
       Example 9 
       [0058]    This example illustrates use of the formulation of the inventive method to reduce the fats, oil and grease (FOG) in a pump/lift station: The pump station is a part of a municipal waste water collection system in South Florida where the accumulation of FOG required the station to be pumped out (cleaned) about every two weeks. This was a very expensive and time consuming process and thus a solution was sought to remedy it. We introduced the formulation of the present invention through a programmed dispenser above the surface of the nominal flow level in the Apit@. After approximately one month of use the station remained clear of any FOG build up and did not require any pump out. After the discontinuation of use of the formulation, the FOG problem returned within two weeks and required pumping to clean it out. The inventive method has since been put into continuous use with in this municipality. 
       Example 10 
       [0059]    A hog farm (Morris Farms) in western Kansas was selected for a detailed scientific study of the inventive method in both the control of odor and lagoon chemistry. The results showed a significant reduction in ammonia within the hog barns and a marked improvement in the lagoon chemistry. 
       Example 11 
       [0060]    This study was undertaken at the biosolids treatment facility in Philadelphia, Pa. to examine the effect of the formulation of the inventive method on the production of methane and the reduction of mercaptans (odor producing chemicals) in the sludge storage and digester tanks. The data clearly show a several fold increase in the methane production with a drop of mercaptans to near zero. 
         [0061]    While the invention has been described, and disclosed in various terms or certain embodiments or modifications which it has assumed in practice, the scope of the invention is not intended to be, nor should it be deemed to be, limited thereby and such other modifications or embodiments as may be suggested by the teachings herein are particularly reserved especially as they fall within the breadth and scope of the appended claims.