Abstract:
Handheld electronic instrument for diagnosing the operating condition of a vehicle. The instrument is capable of performing the basic functions of a multimeter as well as able to test at least one system of a vehicle. This reduces the need for additional equipment that a technician must use and increases the efficiency and profitability of the technician. The instrument has a microprocessor, a memory storage for a computer program controlling the microprocessor and for other information, a display screen, a plurality of buttons, a rotary switch capable of being rotated by one finger of the operator of the instrument. The instrument has at least two display screens selections for monitoring and diagnosing a system of the vehicle, and each display screen has at least one operating mode for monitoring and diagnosing a function of the system, and the display screen selections are capable of being selected by the rotary switch.

Description:
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 29/123,355, filed on May 17, 2000, of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety, including the drawings and the specification. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to handheld electronic instruments and more particularly to instruments for monitoring and diagnosing the operation of a vehicle. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     The demands placed on an automobile service technician have increased with the increasing complexity of modern vehicles. The systems of vehicles have grown in complexity to reduce pollution and increase safety and comfort. Technicians are required to perform their diagnosis of a vehicle&#39;s system quickly and efficiently, to increase profits of the service station and minimize the amount of time that people&#39;s cars spend in the repair shop. Moreover, while performing these tasks technicians are often require to simultaneously attend to other matters. To meet the needs of the technician serving today&#39;s cars, an increasing array of test equipment has been made available for testing the various systems of cars. The following United States Patents relate to such test equipment. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 4,298,837 discloses a handheld testing device that functions as a multimeter and has a switch for independently selecting functions and ranges for measuring different electrical quantities. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,250 discloses a handheld instrument for performing voltage and continuity tests on electrical systems of vehicles. Red and green LEDs mounted in the housing are operatively interconnected with the probe and power cable through circuitry that causes the red LED to glow when the probe contacts a positive voltage and the green LED to glow when the LED contacts a negative voltage. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,541,840 discloses a system that includes a handheld scan tool that is adapted to interface to the automobile and communicate with various on-board controllers to monitor the operation of the vehicle in real time. While the handheld tool can function as a digital multimeter, it is required to receive information from an on-board controller having a communication bus for communicating with external devices. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 5,834,935 discloses a digital multimeter with a housing having a battery compartment. A removable battery cover encloses the battery compartment, and has a probe aperture registered with the probe connector, so that a probe may be connected when the battery cover is installed. 
     None of these patents disclose an handheld electrical instrument that can function as a multimeter and also test various other systems of the vehicle as well. Furthermore, there is no disclosure of an instrument that can change the mode of display screen being used by a simple turn of a rotary switch. Also, the prior art is silent on the combined use of LEDs and a visual display screen to easily, simply and clearly convey information to the technician. 
     There is thus a particular need for a handheld instrument that is convenient and easy to use for the diagnosing and monitoring the performance of vehicles and that can also function as a multimeter. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides an easily controlled handheld electronic instrument for diagnosing operating conditions of a vehicle. One advantage of the present invention is that it is suited for performing the basic functions of a multimeter as well as being able to diagnosis different conditions of a vehicle that a digital multimeter cannot test. This reduces the need for additional equipment that the technician must use and increases the efficiency and profitability of the technician. The instrument has a microprocessor, a memory storage for a computer program controlling the microprocessor and optionally for other information, a display screen, a plurality of buttons, as well as a rotary switch capable of being rotated by one finger of the operator of the instrument. The instrument has at least two display screens selections for monitoring and diagnosing a system of the vehicle, and each display screen has at least one operating mode for monitoring and diagnosing a function of the system, and the display screen selections are capable of being selected by the rotary switch. 
     Diagnostic and other information related to the operating condition of the test vehicle is conveyed to the operator by the display screen or a combination of the display screen and LEDs. The display screen will change the designation displayed thereon and immediate above the LEDs according to what test is being performed. The LEDs can convey qualitative information such as whether a standard has been met. For example, LEDs may indicate that the battery is low or the alternator should be checked. For each individual display space above the LEDs may indicate a condition of charge or no charge. Other examples are high, medium, medium low, or low; full rich, rich, lean or full lean; or open, good, suspect or bad. Often the qualitative value indicated by a LED is supplemented by a quantitative numerical output on the display screen for the same value. 
     These together with other various features of novelty which characterize the invention, are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, and the advantages attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention can be appreciated by referencing the following description of a presently preferred embodiment in conjunction with the drawings where: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a front elevational view thereof; 
     FIG. 3 is a rear elevational view thereof; 
     FIG. 4 is a left side elevational view thereof; 
     FIG. 5 is a right side elevational view thereof; 
     FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view thereof; 
     FIG. 7 is a top plan view thereof; 
     FIG. 8 is a view of the display screen showing numbers, letters and other indica fixed thereon; 
     FIG. 9 is a close-up of the display screen, and 
     FIG. 10 is a close-up view of the dial and dial labels. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     As shown in FIGS. 1-10, the handheld digital automobile tester (DAT)  30  has a housing  32  with a display screen  34  on the front surface  36  of the housing near the upper end  40 . Below the display screen  34  are four LEDs  38 . The LEDs  38  are aligned next to the display screen  34 . 
     On the front surface  36 , below the LEDs  38  are four buttons: mode  42 , select  44 , toggle up  46  and toggle down  48 . A dial  50  is mounted between the four buttons and the LEDs  38 . As can be seen in FIG. 2, on the side of the unit is a rotary switch  52 . Rotary switches can be also referred to as thumb wheels. The term rotary switch or thumb wheel as described herein does not imply that an operator is limited to manipulation of rotary switch  52  with his or her thumb. It is known in the art that thumb wheels can be manipulated by any appropriate finger but are generally placed so that on operator can easily rotate the switch with his or her thumb. Four input/output jacks  54  are mounted on the front surface  36  near the lower end of the housing  58 . The four input/out jacks are a common jack  54   a , an amps/battery jack  54   b , voltage, ohm, electric sensor, fuel ignition jack  54   c  and a signal/sync jack  54   d , that are adapted to receive input from or give output to other electrical equipment. 
     The dial  50  and rotary switch  52  are used by the operator to change what is illuminated on display screen  34 . Adjacent to the dial  50 , are labels  56  for the display screen selections that either the dial labels  56  or rotary switch  52  are capable of selecting with manipulation from the operator. The labels are more clearly shown in FIG.  10 . Three of the dial labels  56  indicate to the operator functions that are performed by multimeters, namely “A” for amps, “Ω” for ohms, and “V” is for volts. The other labels read “Battery Drain,” “Elec. System,” “Sensor Tests,” “Fuel System,” and “Ignition System.” When the rotary switch  52  is turned, it simultaneously changes the position of the dial  50 , while a turn of the dial  50  will likewise rotate the rotary switch  52 . The operator may therefore conveniently turn the dial  50  or the rotary switch  52  to change the selection of available tests and function displayed on the display screen  34 . The rotary switch  52  may be turned by any of the operator&#39;s fingers, including the thumb. A turning of either the dial  50  or the rotary switch  52  will change the illuminated numbers, letters and/or indica of a display screen  34 , according to the selection the operator has made. 
     Below are described suitable methods and display screens for using the present invention. However, other displays, indica etc. can be substituted. Similarly the method steps can be done in any suitable order. Any nonessential steps may be omitted. 
     When information conveyed by the display screen has been chosen by the operator according to what system he or she desires to test, the operator has further selection choices within the chosen display screen by pressing the mode and select buttons. The operator makes a display screen selection  34  using the rotary switch  52 . When the mode button  42  is pressed, a selectable test icon will be illuminated. The selectable test icon is either the units or the test name abbreviation, for example, if the “Electrical Selection” screen display is selected, the “Duty” mode is displayed by default. If the mode button  42  is pressed, again “Ground” is displayed. Pressing the mode button  42  again will display “Charging System.” And pressing the mode button  42  one more time will display the original mode “Duty.” In certain modes, the operator will be presented with additional choices. For example, in the oxygen sensor mode, the operator can select between an output of 0.8V for 5 seconds, or an output of 0.2 V for 5 seconds. This is done with the use of the toggle up button  46  and the toggle down button  48 . When the desired resolution is indicated, the select button  44  is pushed, thereby selecting the desired resolution. Other modes that offer further selections include Vdc, Vac, RPM, Duty, Hz, Ohmns, Amps, ignition and burn voltage and burn time. 
     As previously mentioned, the LEDs  38  are mounted adjacent to the display screen  34  so that the display screen  34  serves to label the LEDs  38  according to the test being performed. A rotation of the dial  50  or the rotary switch  52  changes the label of that LED  38  displays. For example, when “Battery Drain” is selected by the rotary switch  52 /dial  50  combination, the display screen  34  adjacent to and above each individual LED  38  respectively reads “Over,” “No Chrg,” “Alt,” and “Low Batt” respectively. When “Elec System” is selected by the rotary switch  52 /dial  50  combination, and the mode button  42  is pressed until “Chrg” is illuminated the display screen  34  above each LED  38  respectively reads “Over,” “No Chrg,” “Alt,” and “Low Batt.” 
     Volts 
     With the “V” position selected by the rotary switch  52 , the units will default to auto-ranging D/C Volts. The icon “Auto” will be illuminated as will the units “V”. The A/C readings under this switch selection will be True RMS. The common jack  54   a  and volt input jack  54   c  are used for this test. 
     The pressing of the mode button  42  will cause the arrow keys to become functional. After scrolling “V, RPM, and Duty” and selecting, the units will begin to flash. The positions that can be selected are Vdc, Vac, RPM, Duty, Hz, and Temp. When testing volts, the volts can be tested up to the ranges of 400 mV, 4V, 40V, and 400V. The resolutions for these tests are 100 uV, 1 mV, 10 mV and 100 mV respectively. There is also an autorange feature for the testing of volts. RPM can be displayed as 24 stroke or 12 stroke, with respective resolutions of 30 to 9000 RPMs and 60 to 12000 RPMs. RPM covers conventional, DIS, and coil-on-plug ignition systems. Duty can be resolved from 0.0 to 99.9% or 2 to 1999.9 meters per second. The different values of the duty are selected by use of the select button  44 . 
     Ohms 
     With the rotary switch  52  in the “Ω” position ohms can be tested and the “Ω” units will appear. The common jack  54   a  and volts input jack  54   c  are used for this test. Pressing the mode button  42  will allow the user to select ranges of ohms to be tested. Available ranges are from 400 ohms, 4 k kilo ohms, 40 kilo ohms, 400 kilo ohms, 4 mega ohms and 40 mega ohms. The resolution for each range is 0.1, 1, 10, 100, 1,000 and 10,000 ohms respectively. In this display screen a diode light may also be tested in a range up to 4 volts. 
     Amps 
     With the switch in the “A” position, the “A” units will appear and amps can be tested. The common and amp input jacks are used for this test. Amps can be tested in an autorange test or in ranges up to 4 mA, 40 mA, 400 mA, 4 A and 10 A. 
     Battery Drain Test 
     The battery drain test is initiated by setting the rotary switch  52  to “Drain Test.” The “Batt” icon is then illuminated, and the following labels appear above the LEDs  38 : Over, No Chrg, Alt, Low Batt, which respectively stand for off, 0&lt;×&lt;20 mA, 20&lt;×&lt;80 mA, and &gt;80 mA. The display screen will also display a readout in Amps or mAmps. 
     This test measures the amount of current in milliamps that the vehicle battery supplies with the ignition key and all accessories turned off. The test is utilized by disconnecting the vehicle battery negative harness, placing the leads in-circuit to measure the battery current drain. The user will then be notified of the amount of drain by the illumination of the LEDs  38  located below the display screen  34 . If only the left most LED is illuminated, this is considered negligible drain, with the amount of drain increasing as LED&#39;s are illuminated from left to right. The LED descriptors used for the ground test will be utilized for this feature, which are (left to right): Open, Good, Suspect, Bad. The common and amp input jacks  54  are used for the battery drain test. 
     The following instructions are to be followed when the operator wishes to apply the battery drain test. First, the operator turns the ignition and accessories off. Then the operator disconnects the negative battery cable and attaches the amp lead to the cable and the common lead to the negative battery post. The operator then observes the LEDs  54 . This can take up to about 30 minutes. If the first LED illuminates then a negligible drain is indicated, up to the second LED indicates low drain, up to the third LED indicates marginal drain, and if up to the fourth LED indicates high drain. If the third or fourth LED condition is observed, then the operator should check the fused and non-fused circuit for malfunction. 
     Electrical System 
     This display screen selection contains the following set of icons, which will be illuminated in the following order: Duty, Grn, Diode, Limit, and Chrg. The common jack  54   a  and volts jacks  54   c  are used for the testing modes for the electrical system. 
     The ground test feature is capable of locating bad grounds, voltage drops, intermittent connections, or any source of high resistance in automotive electrical circuits and grounds. With the leads connected to “Common” and “Volts”, and the rotary switch  52  selection on “Elec System”, pressing mode button  42  will start the current electrical system icon flashing. The toggle up button  46  or the toggle down button  48  are used to scroll to “Grn”. Once “Grn” is flashing, the select button  44  is pressed to begin the test. The unit will then send an AC signal through the wire then measure the drop of that signal to determine the integrity of the circuit. One of the four LED&#39;s located below the display will illuminate when the measurement has been taken. The screen adjacent to the LEDs will be labeled on the screen (left to right) Open, Good, Suspect, Bad. 
     The duty cycle functions as a duty cycle test currently available in common digital multimeters. This feature is also available under the volts selection. 
     The limit setting feature is designed to be used in conjunction with the torque extensions, and can also be used for any reading that requires an alarm when a certain limit is reached. Pressing the toggle up button  46  or the toggle down button  48  will scroll to the desired reading (in 1 mV increments), which will readout on the secondary display. Pressing the select button  44  again will remove “Set” and the primary display will show the live value. The torque adapter is then placed into the “Common” and “Elec Sys” input jacks. Then upon use of the torque extension, when the selected reading is reached, the four LEDs  38  will illuminate and the unit will audibly beep in unison. 
     The charging system test is selected by the mode button  42  and the toggle up button  46  or the toggle down button  48  are used to scroll until “Chrg” is illuminated. This will change the display above the LEDs  38  to read (right to left): Over, No Chrg, Alt., Low Batt. There are a few different results that may be accomplished with this feature, which will result in one or more of the LEDs  38  illuminating. 
     Sensor Tests 
     This display screen selection contains the following set of icons, which will be illuminated in the following order: O 2 , TPS, MAP, MAF, EGR, CRNK, MAG (for magnetic). In all cases, the Common and the Volts input/output jacks  54  are used. 
     The O 2  sensor test is designed to hook in parallel with the O 2  sensor circuit and measure the voltage on the sensor. The mode buttons  42  and the toggle up button  46  or the toggle down button  48  are used to illuminate “ 02 ”. After pressing the select button  44  to begin the test, the main display will show O 2  sensor voltage, while the secondary display will display the output as either 0.8V for 5 seconds or 0.2 V for 5 seconds. The units for each display will be automatically defaulted to CC and D/C V. “CC” stands for cross counts which are the number of times the reading crosses 0.45V per second. During this test, the LEDs  38  are labeled on the screen (left to right), Full Lean, Lean, Rich, and Full Rich respectively. These are respectively represented by Vdc&lt;=0.3, 0.3&lt;Vdc&lt;0.45, 0.45&lt;=Vdc&lt;0.6, Vdc&gt;=0.6. 
     Also while in this display the toggle up button  46  for rich or the toggle down button for lean may be pressed to send out a rich command or a lean command for 5 seconds, during which the “Rich” or “Lean” will flash on the display, dependent upon which was commanded. This signal is preferably strong enough to override the signal from the sensor so the circuit does not need to be interrupted. During this time the display will show the signal level that is at the O 2  sensor to see that the condition is being compensated for. A third lead is connected between the “Signal” input jack and the O 2  connector on the ECM side. The analog bar graph should range from 0-1V and should also track the O 2  sensor signal using a 3 bar segment. 
     After the TPS sensor icon is selected, the units will default to D/C V. The bar graph plays a critical role in the display of this reading. As the sensor is cycled, the bar graph rises and falls with the sensor. The primary numeric display will also show the voltage. This test also contains a glitch type capture where a dropout in the sensor can be noticed on the bar graph by flashing that portion of the bar graph for a second or so as the bar is rising and falling. The unit also beeps and the LEDs  38  flash when a glitch is noticed. 
     The MAP/BP sensor selection can be changed from V to Hz. The primary display is utilized for the live value and the secondary display can be toggled between Min and Max. 
     The MAF sensor selection can be changed from V to Hz. The primary display is utilized for the live value and the secondary display can be toggled between Min and Max. 
     The EGR sensor selection can be changed from V to Hz. The primary display is utilized for the live value and the secondary display can be toggled between Min and Max. 
     The crank sensor selection can be changed from V to Hz. The primary display is utilized for the live value and the secondary display can be toggled between Min and Max. 
     The magnetic pickup units for this selection is A/C V. The primary display is utilized for the live value and the secondary display can be toggled between Min and Max. 
     Fuel Tests 
     The fuel tests display screen selection contains the following set of icons, which will be illuminated in the following order: InjOTPK, Noid, and Press. When performing fuel tests, the Common and the Volts input/output jacks  54  are used. 
     The noid light test feature utilizes the LEDs  38  on the front of the DAT to function like noid lights currently being sold in the OTC product line. The mode button  42  and the toggle up button  46  or the toggle down button  48  to illuminate “Noid”. With the leads connected between the “Common” and “Fuel/Sensor” input/output jacks  54  and the injector harness, the LEDs  38  will blink as the signal is received from the vehicle. The noid light test may be performed with standard digital multimeter probes. 
     The fuel injector test function will display peak voltage and on-time for both throttle-body and port injection systems. On time handles peak/hold type injectors  42 , as well as on time injectors, where peak/hold has a two step voltage level. Mode and select buttons  44  are used to choose the “InjOTPK” icon. The primary display will show injector peak voltage with “mV” as units. The secondary display will show injector on-time with “mS” units illuminated. 
     The pressure/vacuum test feature employs the integration of a digital pressure gauge to utilize the existing pressure transducers. A single channel pressure circuit is utilized, and is most effective if an adapter were developed to utilize the existing DAT input jacks. This feature is initiated by pressing the mode button  42  until “Press” is illuminated, and the units display “PSI”. 
     Ignition Tests 
     This display screen selection contains the following set of icons, which will be illuminated in the following order: IgnBT &amp; IgnPV, IgnBV, RPM, Dwell. 
     The ignition test is designed to measure Spark KV, Burn KV, and Bum Time. This feature uses a digital spark plug test as a probe. By using the mode  42  and select buttons  44 , the operator chooses “IgnPV”, and the primary display will be defaulted to peak voltage with “kV” units. The secondary display will show bum time with the “Burn mS” icon/unit illuminated. Pressing the mode button  42  will start the “IgnPV” flashing and the toggle up button  46  and the toggle down button  48  will toggle between “Ign PV” and “IgnBT”, while the units remain “kV”. 
     The RPM selection has the same functionality available under the “Volts” display screen selection. The dwell selection also has the same functionality available under the “Volts” display screen selection. 
     Two Channel w/Split Screen 
     This gives the capability to analyze and display two separate signals. Features such as Min/Max, Data Hold, Signal Out, etc. are available when the DAT is operating in this mode. 
     The record function gives the DAT the ability to record under certain functions allowing the user to playback the recorded information. This feature is initiated by depressing the mode button  42  to illuminate “Record”, then pressing the select button  44  to start and stop the record process. To replay the recorded event, the mode button is pressed until “Playback” is illuminated, then the select button is pressed to start and stop the replay. This can also pass the information through the RS232 connector for playback on a PC. The capability to record a single event is determined to be the minimum requirement. 
     The infra-red temperature adapter is a feature that is in the form of an adapter that could be connected to the common  54   a  and volts  54   b  input jacks and displays the temperature ranging from 0 to 1000° F. or °C. The LEDs  30  do not have any required functionality for this feature. 
     The RS232 is available for communication with a PC. This feature is available for all settings by pressing the mode button  42  and highlighting “PC”. This allows for live data display or playback of a recorded event on a PC. 
     The user definable probe selection feature allows for selection of different settings dependent upon the probe being used. This allows the user to set the gain and units of measurement by pressing the mode button  42  until “Probe” is illuminated, and the toggle up button  46  and the toggle down button  48  keys are used to set the first value, 1 for example. The select button  44  is then pressed again and the toggle up button  46  and the toggle down button  48  keys are used to scroll through and select the appropriate units. Select is pressed again and the bottom live data display begins to blink, scroll and enter the value, etc. Pressing the select button  44  again will save the setting and move to live data. The final setting, for example, reads 1 mA=10 A. This allows the actual values to be displayed when the unit is used in conjunction with various probes. 
     It is understood that the above described tests are merely examples and can be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.