Abstract:
Disclosed are systems and methods for updating data at a node in a network system comprising providing a refresh status indicator at the node, wherein the refresh status indicator indicates a changed status with respect to data stored at the node and corresponding data stored at a server of the network system, periodically querying the server with respect to the refresh status indicator, updating the refresh status indicator to reflect a changed status with respect to the data stored at the node and the corresponding data stored at the server, periodically polling the status indicator to determine a status indicated thereby, and if said status indicated by the status indicator during the polling reflects a changed status with respect to the data stored at the node and the corresponding data stored at the server, querying the server with respect to the corresponding data stored at the server.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates generally to client-server communications and, more particularly, to refreshing or updating information with respect to a client.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    It is common to provide data communication between one or more clients and a server in a client-server computing system environment. For example, Internet browser clients are often placed in communication with Internet servers for access to a database of the server. Often the information retrieved from such a database is static or relatively static, e.g., changed or updated infrequently. Therefore a typical client query to retrieve appropriate information and display the retrieved information to a user through the client browser interface is performed once and the data retrieved is displayed until a subsequent query is made.  
           [0003]    More recently the data retrieved in such client-server environments has been more dynamic in nature. For example, it has become common to use a client-server environment to facilitate quasi real-time communications between individuals. The aforementioned Internet browser clients may be utilized by each such individual to provide a frame displaying the text of messages transmitted by an associated individual and a frame displaying the text of messages transmitted by other individuals involved in the client-server hosted conversation. Such conversations are often referred to as “web chats” or “chat sessions” and may be invoked for entertainment, for seeking advice, or for other purposes.  
           [0004]    An example of how a web chat might work is that an individual who wishes to invoke a chat session may use an Internet browser operable upon the individual&#39;s computer to access an Internet server website where chat is available. The individual may select particular content available from the server, e.g., a “web page”, which presents the option of establishing a chat session at the individual&#39;s browser. When the individual manipulates the browser to select the option for establishing a chat session, a message may be sent by the browser to the server that an individual wishes to invoke a chat session. For example, the individual may be required to make a selection, such as selecting a radio button corresponding to a chat session desired displayed on the browser, and implement a send data function, such as by mouse clicking a “proceed” or “send” button displayed on the browser.  
           [0005]    It should be appreciated that in the client-server environment, particularly in the aforementioned Internet scenario, the server is responsive to the client&#39;s queries and, therefore, the client generally must take action to provoke desired server activity. Accordingly, the server will await the individual&#39;s response regarding the chat session and, when received, will update a register or database showing that the individual is desirous of establishing the indicated chat session. In the example, it is assumed that the individual has indicated a desire to communicate with a service agent regarding a technical or equipment service issue. Therefore, a database at the server regarding individuals desirous of chatting with service agents is updated with the individual&#39;s information. It should be appreciated that the aforementioned agent may be any of a number of persons to which the aforementioned individual may desire to be placed in communication. For example, an agent may staff a help desk employed to assist individuals with technical questions and/or to resolve problems. Additionally or alternatively, an agent may provide sales advice or any other information desired by an individual.  
           [0006]    The server may provide a chat session web page to the individual&#39;s browser in anticipation of the chat session being invoked. The chat session web page may include a frame (e.g., individual&#39;s send frame) for displaying messages to be typed by the individual and communicated to another party to the conversation, as well as a frame (e.g., individual&#39;s receive frame) for displaying messages typed by another party to the conversation after having been received by the browser via the server. These frames will typically be blank or contain default text, perhaps providing instructions with respect to participating in the chat session, when the chat session web page is initially delivered to the browser by the server. However, the server will generally include a database or databases for storing messages associated with these frames (message database).  
           [0007]    Although the individual may be able to type messages into the individual&#39;s send frame, the server will not be updated until the individual manipulates the browser to update the server, such as to mouse click a “send” button displayed on the browser. After input of a message and manipulation of the browser to update the server, the message may be stored in the aforementioned message database of the server. Ancillary information, such as the sender of the message and/or the intended recipient of the message, may also be stored by the server.  
           [0008]    Similar to the aforementioned individual, an agent or agents may utilize an Internet browser operable at the agent&#39;s computer to access the aforementioned Internet server website where chat is available. The server may provide a chat session web page to the agent&#39;s browser in anticipation of the chat session being invoked. As with the individual discussed above, the chat session web page may include a frame (e.g., agent&#39;s send frame) for displaying messages to be typed by the agent and communicated to another party to the conversation, as well as a frame (e.g., agent&#39;s receive frame) for displaying messages typed by another party to the conversation after having been received by the browser via the server.  
           [0009]    The agent&#39;s chat session web page may be configured somewhat differently than the aforementioned individual&#39;s chat session web page, such as to provide control or management functions to the agent. For example, the chat session web page provided to the agent&#39;s browser may further include a frame (e.g., conversation select frame) to allow an agent to select an individual with which to conduct a conversation. Information regarding individuals desirous of chatting with service agents may be accessed by the server to provide a list of individuals in the conversation select frame when the chat session web page is server up to the agent&#39;s browser by the server. The agent may select a particular individual with which to conduct a conversation and manipulate the browser to send the selection to the server, such as by mouse clicking a “proceed” or “send” button displayed on the browser. The server may then update the database of individuals desirous of chatting with service agents to show the selected individual as having been selected by an agent.  
           [0010]    It should be appreciated that, although the selected individual may have composed a message and caused the individual&#39;s browser to update the message database of the server to include the message, the agent&#39;s receive frame will not yet display this message. This is because the agent&#39;s browser must query the message data from the server. Such queries may be invoked independently or upon the occurrence of another function. For example, the agent&#39;s manipulation of the browser to update the selection of an individual for a chat session may further invoke a refresh of the agent&#39;s receive frame to retrieve any messages already sent by the selected individual. Accordingly, the server may search the message database for messages from the selected individual, compile a query response including each such message, and provide the agent&#39;s browser with the query response for displaying within the agent&#39;s receive frame. Updating of the agent&#39;s browser to display the query response typically involves blanking the agent&#39;s receive frame and refreshing the agent&#39;s receive frame with the query response, resulting in a visible “blinking” or “flashing” of the frame.  
           [0011]    The chat session may proceed with the agent typing a message, manipulating the agent&#39;s browser to send the message to the server, and the server storing the message in the message database. However, the individual&#39;s browser will not display the agent&#39;s message until such time as the individual&#39;s browser queries the server to refresh the individual&#39;s receive frame. As discussed above, such a refresh may occur with operation of another function or independently. Accordingly, if the individual does not perform any function which triggers the aforementioned refresh of the individual&#39;s receive frame the refresh query must be purposefully invoked or the individual will not be presented with the agent&#39;s message. A similar result can be expected with respect to the agent receiving the individual&#39;s messages during the chat session.  
           [0012]    To avoid the parties to a conversation having to constantly manually select a refresh query, automatic code has been implemented within the clients to periodically implement a refresh query. For example, the individual&#39;s and agent&#39;s browsers may operate under control of an instruction set, typically client side JAVA script may be used to query the server every 30 seconds. Accordingly, every 30 seconds the individual&#39;s browser will query the server, the server will search the message database for all messages from the appropriate agent, and provide a query response including each such message for refreshing the individual&#39;s receive frame. Similarly, every 30 seconds the agent&#39;s browser will query the server, the server will search the message database for all messages from the selected individual, and provide a query response including each such message for refreshing the agent&#39;s receive frame.  
           [0013]    The intervals at which such refresh queries are made are typically selected so as to provide refreshing of message frames with an acceptable amount of latency in the quasi real-time conversation. For example, a worst case scenario would result in one party to a conversation updating the message database at the server immediately after the other party to the conversation&#39;s browser performed a refresh query. In the above example of the refresh periodicity being 30 seconds, the other party&#39;s browser would not be refreshed with this message for approximately another 30 seconds, thereby resulting in a 30 second latency in the communication of the message. The sluggishness of this latency as viewed by the party originally sending the message could be compounded by a similar situation occurring with respect a reply from the other party. The latency may be decreased by reducing the refresh periodicity, such as from 30 seconds to 10 seconds, but at the expense of requiring more processing by the server.  
           [0014]    It should be appreciated that each time a refresh query is made by a client, the server requires an appreciable amount of processing to parse the message database, form a query response, and transmit the response to the appropriate client. These queries will often provide no new message information to the querying client, because the periodicity of the automatic queries is typically selected to be short enough to provide an acceptable amount of latency in the conversation as discussed above. Accordingly, a large amount of the processing of such queries by the server provides no new information to the client and the technique unnecessarily consumes a large amount of sever processing power. Moreover, a large amount of communication bandwidth is consumed transmitting the query responses, including all messages matching the query whether unchanged or not, to the clients. These disadvantages are further compounded by the fact that the client-server environment typically includes a plurality of chat sessions being conducted simultaneously and/or a relatively large number of clients conducting conversations via the server.  
           [0015]    A further disadvantage of such a technique for refreshing the data displayed at the browser is that each time the query result is received from the server, the browser refreshes the associated frame. This causes the aforementioned blinking of the frame with the same periodicity as the automatic refreshes. As mentioned above, the refresh queries can be quite frequent in order to reduce latency. Therefore, the blinking of the frame can be frequent and quite distracting.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0016]    Embodiments of the present invention provide systems and methods for updating data at a node in a network system comprising providing a refresh status indicator at the node, wherein the refresh status indicator indicates a changed status with respect to data stored at the node and corresponding data stored at a server of the network system, periodically querying the server with respect to the refresh status indicator, updating the refresh status indicator to reflect a changed status with respect to the data stored at the node and the corresponding data stored at the server, periodically polling the status indicator to determine a status indicated thereby, and if said status indicated by the status indicator during the polling reflects a changed status with respect to the data stored at the node and the corresponding data stored at the server, querying the server with respect to the corresponding data stored at the server. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0017]    [0017]FIG. 1 shows a network system in which an embodiment of the present invention is deployed;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 shows a computer adapted to implement aspects of the present invention;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 3 shows client and server interaction according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 4 shows a flow diagram of refreshing of a refresh frame according to an embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 5 shows a flow diagram of refreshing a data frame referencing a refresh variable according to an embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0022]    The present invention is directed to systems and methods which refresh or update data at a client in a client-server environment using a status query to indicate whether particular data requires refreshing or updating. According to an embodiment of the invention, a refresh frame is utilized by an Internet browser to query a server periodically as to whether information associated with another frame or frames of the browser should be refreshed. By using a refresh frame of the present invention, unnecessary refreshing of other frames displayed by the browser, such as a chat session receive frame, is avoided. Specifically, a refresh frame of the present invention may be configured to query a server with sufficient frequency to provide an acceptable level of latency in the conversation while only updating a chat session receive frame when a new message is available from the server.  
         [0023]    The refresh frame may be provided with a zero footprint configuration to thereby be invisible to a user of the browser. Although the refresh frame may be updated in response to each query issued, there will be no “blinking” or “flashing” visible to the user associated therewith. Moreover, as the visible frames are refreshed only when new or updated data is actually being presented, embodiments of the present invention reduce the amount of blinking associated with refreshing these frames.  
         [0024]    Embodiments of the present invention utilize a refresh frame which poses queries for which relatively small amounts of data need be compiled and/or transmitted between the client and server. For example, the query response provided by the server need only be the HTTP header and a few bytes of data, such as to indicate whether update data is present on the server with respect to the frame or frames. The actual update data, e.g., the messages to be displayed in a chat session receive frame, need only be retrieved from a corresponding database, aggregated into a query response, and transmitted to the client when a change in the data is detected. Accordingly communication bandwidth utilized in the communications is minimized.  
         [0025]    Moreover, embodiments of the present invention utilize a database configuration and/or other adaptation at the server to facilitate a simplified determination of when there has been a change in the data. For example, when a first user, e.g., customer submits a message to the server the server may put the message in a table of messages along with corresponding user identification information. The server may also make an entry in a small table of unanswered messages, e.g., a table named customers_unanswered. The unanswered message table entry may comprise, for example, user identification information and the time and date of the entry. This entry may remain in the table until a responding user, e.g. an agent, sends a responding message, at which time the one or more entries made by the first user may be deleted from the unanswered messages table.  
         [0026]    When the responding user&#39;s refresh frame of the present invention is updated, the server-side code may use the unanswered messages table to determine which data frames displayed to the user, e.g., chat session message frames, need to be updated. The responding user may have one user that he is in an active chat session with. That user&#39;s questions and answers may be displayed in the responding user&#39;s dialogue frame, for example. When the unanswered messages table is queried and the first user&#39;s identification information is found, the responding user&#39;s dialogue frame should be refreshed. Session variables may be used to insure that an entry only causes one refresh.  
         [0027]    As the server-side code builds the refresh frame it may set a flag to indicate that the dialogue frame needs to be refreshed. The updated refresh frame may be sent to the responding user&#39;s browser. Code such as JAVA script, running in the dialogue frame in the responding user&#39;s browser (e.g., at a rate of twice per second) can detect the flag included in the updated refresh frame and ask the server to update the dialogue frame.  
         [0028]    Similar to the process described above, a table of unanswered messages, e.g., a table named agents_unanswered, may be used to determine when the first user&#39;s data frame should be updated. Additionally or alternatively, tables, such as the aforementioned customers_unanswered table and/or other tables maintained at the server, can be used to determine when other user data frames need to be updated. For instance, if customers_unanswered contains the identification information with respect to a customer who has not been assigned an agent, the frame that displays the list of such customers may be updated the first time such an entry is encountered by each agent&#39;s session.  
         [0029]    From the above, it should be appreciated that queries issued by refresh frames of the present invention may utilize significantly less processing power of the server. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention may be utilized to accommodate additional clients, e.g., larger numbers of individuals involved in a chat session and/or larger numbers of chat sessions, without unacceptably degrading a server&#39;s performance. Similarly, embodiments of the present invention may be utilized to reduce latencies experienced in quasi real-time conversations (e.g., conversations held substantially in real time, although latency is experienced in the exchange of messages) through increasing the periodicity of queries by refresh frames without unacceptably degrading a server&#39;s performance.  
         [0030]    Directing attention to FIG. 1, a client-server environment adapted according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. The client-server environment of FIG. 1 includes nodes or user terminals  120 ,  130 , and  140  operable to provide client functionality with respect to a networked system. Correspondingly, the client-server environment of FIG. 1 includes server  110  operable to provide server functionality with respect to a networked system. For example, server  110  may provide shared resources, such as databases, application software, communication portals, gateways, etcetera for access by one or more of user terminals  120 ,  130 , and  140 . Accordingly, user terminals  120 ,  130 , and  140  may include client application software adapted to cooperate with server  110  and provide desired interaction resulting in the user terminals accessing the resources of the server.  
         [0031]    Network  100  is shown providing data communication between user terminals  120 ,  130 , and  140  and server  110 . Network  100  may comprise any type of data communication network, such as the Internet, an intranet, a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), the public switched telephone network (PSTN), a cable transmission system, a wireless cellular network, an optical fiber network, radio frequency (RF) links, and the like. Where network  100  comprises the Internet, for example, server  110  may operate as a “web server” and user terminals  120 ,  130 , and/or  140  may utilize a “web browser” as a client application.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 2 illustrates computer system  200  which may serve as any of user terminals  120 ,  130 , and  140  and/or server  110 . In the illustrated embodiment of computer system  200 , central processing unit (CPU)  201  is coupled to system bus  202 . The CPU  201  may be any general purpose CPU, such as an HP PA-8500 or Intel PENTIUM processor. However, the present invention is not restricted by the architecture of CPU  201  as long as CPU  201  supports the inventive operations as described herein. Bus  202  is coupled to random access memory (RAM)  203 , which may be SRAM, DRAM, SDRAM, or the like. ROM  204  is also coupled to bus  202 , which may be PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, or the like. RAM  203  and ROM  204  hold user and system data and programs as is well known in the art.  
         [0033]    Bus  202  is also coupled to input/output (I/O) controller card  205 , communications adapter card  211 , user interface card  208 , and display card  209 . The I/O adapter card  205  connects to storage devices  206 , such as one or more of a hard drive, a CD drive, a floppy disk drive, a tape drive, to the computer system. The I/O adapter  205  is also connected to printer  214 , which would allow the system to print paper copies of information such as document, photographs, articles, etc. Note that the printer may be a printer (e.g. dot matrix, laser, etc.), a fax machine, a copier machine, and/or other output device. Communications card  211  is adapted to couple computer system  200  to network  100 . User interface card  208  couples user input devices, such as keyboard  213 , pointing device  207 , and microphone  216 , to the computer system  200 . User interface card  208  also provides sound output to a user via speaker(s)  215 . The display card  209  is driven by CPU  201  to control the display on display device  210 .  
         [0034]    Although illustrated as a single system, it should be appreciated that any or all of user terminals  120 ,  130 , and  140  and server  110  may, themselves, be comprised of multiple systems. For example, server  110  may provide a web server which is coupled to back-end data systems, as is well known in the art. Similarly, user terminals  120 ,  130 , and/or  140  may be provided in a tiered configuration such that a significant amount of processing, such as the “business logic” for an organization, is removed from the client and disposed in a middle tier between the client and server.  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 3 shows a high level diagram of how a “chat session” conversation might be implemented using an embodiment of the present invention. Specifically, an individual, such as a purchaser of a computer system for which technical support is available, utilizes a user terminal, such as user terminal  120 , to initiate a client application, such as an Internet browser. Similarly, another party to the chat session, such as an agent of a computer system supplier, utilizes a user terminal, such as user terminal  130 , to initiate a client application, such as an Internet browser.  
         [0036]    In the illustrated example, the client application presents a user interface in which at least 2 frames are displayed to the corresponding user. For example, the individual seeking technical support in the example is presented individual&#39;s send frame  321 , containing a text box to type a message to an agent and a send button, and individual&#39;s receive frame  322 , displaying the complete dialogue of text typed by both the individual and a computer supplier agent. The agent providing technical support in the example is presented agent&#39;s send frame  331 , which contains a text box to type a message to send to a customer and a send button, and agent&#39;s receive frame  332 , displaying the complete dialogue of text typed by the parties to the conversation, here an individual seeking technical support and the computer supplier agent. Although not shown in the illustrated embodiment, often the agent&#39;s send frame also contains elements to select a canned message or URL to push to the customer.  
         [0037]    It should be appreciated that frames in addition to or in the alternative to those described above may be utilized according to the present invention. For example, the client application utilized by the agent may include conversation select frame  333 , displaying the identification of individuals the agent has selected, or which are otherwise assigned, for carrying on conversations with. Moreover, it should be appreciated that embodiments may utilize fewer frames than those of the illustrated embodiment, if desired.  
         [0038]    The client applications of the illustrated embodiment each further include a refresh frame of the present invention. Specifically, the client operable with respect to the individual seeking technical support is provided with refresh frame  320  and the client operable with respect to the agent providing technical support is provided with refresh frame  330 . These frames may be zero footprint frames, i.e., not displayed to the user. Accordingly, although refresh frames  320  and  330  are visible in FIG. 3, these frames may not be visible upon a user interface.  
         [0039]    The refresh frames of the illustrated embodiment are utilized by the client application of each respective node or server in efficiently determining when corresponding data at the client is to be refreshed with data from the server. For example, the illustrated embodiment of refresh frame  320  includes the variable or data field “RefreshX” (reference numeral  351  in FIG. 3) which is a state flag or status indicator associated with corresponding individual&#39;s receive frame  322 . Specifically, RefreshX of the illustrated embodiment will be set to true if server  110  has determined that the agent has sent a new message which requires individual&#39;s receive frame  322  to be refreshed. Thereafter, a refresh operation may be invoked with respect to individual&#39;s receive frame  322  to refresh the frame with new data from server  110 . Similarly, refresh frame  330  of the illustrated embodiment includes the variables or data fields “RefreshA” and “RefreshB” (reference numerals  361  and  362  in FIG. 3) which are state flags or status indicators associated with corresponding agent&#39;s receive frame  332  and conversation select frame  333 , respectively. Accordingly, RefreshA of the illustrated embodiment will be set to true if server  110  has determined that the currently selected individual has sent a new message which requires agent&#39;s receive frame  332  to be refreshed. RefreshB of the illustrated embodiment will be set to true if server  110  has determined that any currently non-selected individual has sent a new message which requires conversation select frame  333  to be refreshed.  
         [0040]    Server  110  in the illustrated embodiment includes a plurality of database tables utilized according to the present invention. The plurality of database tables of the illustrated embodiment are adapted to provide efficiency with respect to server  110  providing query responses associated with the fields of the aforementioned refresh fields, e.g., RefreshA, RefreshB, and RefreshX. However, it should be appreciated that other database configurations are possible according to the present invention.  
         [0041]    Server  110  of the illustrated embodiment includes message table  313  for storing messages associated with the chat sessions hosted thereby. Message table  313  may include a plurality of fields, such as identification field  313   a , providing identification of the creator of the particular message, chat text field  313   b , providing the actual text of the message, and miscellaneous filed  313   c , such as may be utilized to provide information associated with the message. For example, in the illustrated embodiment, as an agent may be conversing with more than one individual, miscellaneous field  313   c  may be utilized to indicate a particular individual agent&#39;s messages are directed toward. Of course, additional or alternative fields may be utilized with respect to message table  313 , if desired.  
         [0042]    Server  110  of the illustrated embodiment further includes customers online table  312  for providing information to agents with respect to individuals for which chat sessions are to be established. Customers online database  312  may include a plurality of fields, such as identification field  312   a , providing identification of the individual desiring a chat session, and agent identification field  312   b , providing identification of an agent having selected, or otherwise having been assigned, a particular individual for a chat session. Of course, additional or alternative fields may be utilized with respect to customers online table  312 , if desired.  
         [0043]    Additionally, server  110  of the illustrated embodiment includes customers unanswered table  311  of the present invention. Customers unanswered table  311  may include a plurality of fields, such as identification field  311   a,  providing identification of the individual having posted a message which is unanswered, and time/date field  311   b , providing temporal information with respect to posting of the unanswered message. Of course, additional or alternative fields may be utilized with respect to customers unanswered table  311 , if desired.  
         [0044]    It should be appreciated that, although an individual may be enabled to type messages into individual&#39;s send frame  321 , server  110  will not be updated until the client updates the server, such as in response to control manipulation by the individual. After input of a message and manipulation of the client to update server  110 , the message may be stored in message table  313  of the illustrated embodiment. Although the individual may have composed a message and caused the individual&#39;s browser to update message table  313  to include the message, and perhaps individual&#39;s receive frame  322  to include the message sent, agent&#39;s receive frame  332  will not yet display this message. This is because the agent&#39;s browser needs to query the message data from server  110 . Accordingly, the second sent message appearing in individual&#39;s receive frame  322 , “WINDOWS 95” associated with “INDIVIDUAL1”, although appearing in message table  313 , does not appear in agent&#39;s receive frame  332 .  
         [0045]    In providing refreshing of data within ones of the displayed frames according to the present invention, the aforementioned refresh frames are utilized to query server  110 . Accordingly, various disadvantages associated with repeatedly refreshing frames in accordance with previously known techniques, particularly those containing a relatively large amount of data or those visible to the user, are avoided. For example, the use of refresh frames of the illustrated embodiment results in reduced “blinking” or “flicker” of the visible frames. Additionally, the use of refresh frames of the illustrated embodiment results in decreased processing demand being placed upon server  110  in responding to refresh queries.  
         [0046]    Tables  311  and  312  of the illustrated embodiment are utilized with respect to refresh queries associated with refresh frames  320  and/or  330  according to the present invention. For example, when customers unanswered database  311  indicates that an unanswered message is present associated with a currently selected individual, RefreshA may be set to true by server  110  in a response to a refresh query associated with refresh frame  330 . Similarly, when database  311  indicates that an unanswered message is present associated with a currently non-selected individual, RefreshB may be set to true by server  110  in response to a refresh query associated with refresh frame  330 .  
         [0047]    Customers unanswered table  311  may be utilized to indicate when an agent has posted a message which has not been responded to by a corresponding individual. However, as there is a one to many relationship for agents with respect to individuals in the illustrated embodiment, it may be useful to include information indicating to whom the agent&#39;s message is directed in the database or otherwise associated with the message. According to an embodiment of the present invention, an agents unanswered table (not shown) is utilized to facilitate refreshing individual&#39;s client data. Such a database may be configured substantially as customer unanswered table  311 , with the identification information identifying an intended recipient rather than the creator of the message.  
         [0048]    The true condition of either of the aforementioned refresh frame data fields may be recognized by the client application and, thereafter, a refresh query may be invoked with respect to the corresponding visible frame, agent&#39;s receive frame  332  and conversation select frame  333 , to obtain the updated data from server  110 , such as from table  313 , for display in the appropriate frame.  
         [0049]    Customers online table  312  of the illustrated embodiment may also be utilized in providing query responses. For example, the aforementioned refresh frame queries may utilize customers online table  312  in order to determine which entries of customers unanswered table  311  are pertinent to the condition of the RefreshA and RefreshB fields of the refresh frame of any particular agent.  
         [0050]    Directing attention to FIGS. 4 and 5, flow diagrams of operation of a client with respect to acquiring updated data from a server using the refresh frames of the illustrated embodiment are shown. FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of a flow diagram for a client, e.g., the individual&#39;s or agent&#39;s client of FIG. 3, refreshing one or more refresh frames to update the refresh field(s) therein (i.e., logic of a refresh frame). FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a flow diagram for a client, e.g., the individual&#39;s or agent&#39;s client of FIG. 3, refreshing one or more visible frames to update the data displayed therein (i.e., logic of a data frame). The steps of the flow diagrams of FIGS. 4 and 5 may operate simultaneously, serially, or otherwise as desired.  
         [0051]    According to the illustrated embodiment, server  110  is queried periodically to determine if new information which should be displayed by the querying client is present upon the server. However, to increase the speed at which query responses may be compiled, to decrease the processing power required by the server in compiling a query response, blind queries, i.e., queries where it is yet undetermined if there is update information available, are made with respect to the refresh frames of the present invention. Accordingly, at step  401  a determination is made as to whether it is time to invoke a refresh frame refresh query. If a predetermined amount of time since a last refresh frame refresh has elapsed, processing continues to step  402 . However, if the predetermined amount of time since a last refresh frame refresh has not elapsed, processing returns to step  401 .  
         [0052]    According to embodiments of the present invention, the periodicity of refresh frame refresh queries is in a range of from 2 seconds to 10 seconds, e.g., approximately 3 seconds according to one embodiment. This amount of time has been determined to provide a substantially unnoticeable amount of latency with respect to a quasi real-time conversation and, using the refresh fields of the present invention, result in a sustainable impact upon the processing capacity of a typical web server. However, it should be appreciated that other refresh frame refresh periods may be utilized according to the present invention. For example, the refresh frame refresh period may be adjusted based upon such considerations as an amount of latency acceptable with respect to the conversations conducted, an amount of processing power utilized by the server in responding to refresh frame queries, an amount of communication bandwidth available, a number of users of the system, and the like.  
         [0053]    At step  402  a query is invoked from the client to the server to update the refresh status variable or variables of the refresh frame. For example, in the case of the illustrated agent&#39;s client, refresh variables RefreshA and RefreshB may be the subject of the query. Likewise, in the case of the illustrated individual&#39;s client, refresh variable RefreshX may be the subject of the query.  
         [0054]    Server  110  of the illustrated embodiment receives the refresh frame query and determines if any refresh variables should be set to “true”. For example, the server may reference information within or associated with the query to determine the particular client making the query. Server  110  may then reference customers online table  312  to identify another party to the conversation. Server  110  may utilize the identity information of customers online table  312  to determine if a party to the conversation has posted a message which is unanswered by referencing customers unanswered table  311 .  
         [0055]    Customers unanswered table  311  may be updated by server  110  every time a client posts a message to message table  313 . For example, an individual may have posted the response “WINDOWS 95” shown in individual&#39;s send window  321  to table  313 , whereupon server  110  may make a corresponding entry, here “INDIVIDUAL1”, in customers unanswered table  311 . The corresponding agent&#39;s received frame  332  has not yet been updated to include this posted message and, accordingly, server  110  may compile a query response in which RefreshA is set to “true”. It should be appreciated that, according to the illustrated embodiment, the database or databases queried with respect to the refresh frame query are relatively small tables, having very few entries and/or relatively information to parse through. Moreover, very little data communication is required in invoking the query, as well as in receiving the query response, as a small number of state variables are updated and the data associated with these variables is small.  
         [0056]    An entry in customers unanswered table  311  may be removed, for example, upon the corresponding party to the conversation posting a message directed to the indicated unanswered party. Of course, posting of such a message may likewise cause server  110  to update customers unanswered table  311  to include an entry for the then posting party for use in refreshing the other party&#39;s receive frame according to the present invention, if desired. Server  110  may maintain session variables so that an unanswered message only causes a refresh the first time it is detected. Accordingly, refreshing of the corresponding visible fields may be avoided upon subsequent detection of a particular party&#39;s message in customers unanswered table  311 , although the posted message remains unresponded to by the other party.  
         [0057]    At step  403  a query response is received by the client from the server which updates the refresh status variable or variables of the refresh frame. It should be appreciated that, because the illustrated embodiment utilizes a zero footprint refresh frame, there is no visual impact upon the user with respect to the updating of the refresh frame.  
         [0058]    According to the illustrated embodiment, the client refreshes particular ones of the displayed frames when a corresponding refresh variable indicates that update information is present upon server  110 , thereby avoiding blind refreshing of these displayed frames. Accordingly, these client side refresh variables are polled periodically to determine if new information which should be displayed is present upon the server. At step  501  of FIG. 5 a determination is made as to whether it is time to poll the refresh variables of the refresh frame. If a predetermined amount of time since a last polling of these variables has elapsed, processing continues to step  502 . However, if the predetermined amount of time since a polling of these variables has not elapsed, processing returns to step  501 .  
         [0059]    According to embodiments of the present invention, the periodicity of polling refresh frame refresh variables is in a range of from 0.1 second to 1.0 second, e.g., approximately 0.5 second according to one embodiment. This amount of time has been determined to provide a substantially unnoticeable amount of latency with respect to a quasi real-time conversation and results in a sustainable impact upon the processing capacity of a typical client application. However, it should be appreciated that other refresh variable polling periods may be utilized according to the present invention. Typically, the period of the refresh variable polling period will be selected to be substantially less than the refresh frame refresh period in order to minimize latency in the conversation experienced by the user.  
         [0060]    At step  502  it is determined whether the refresh variables indicate updated data with respect to a displayed frame is present upon the server, e.g., a refresh variable is “true”. If a refresh variable, e.g., refresh variables RefreshA and RefreshB in the case of the illustrated agent&#39;s client and refresh variable RefreshX in the case of the illustrated individual&#39;s client, indicates updated data is present upon the server processing continues to step  503 . However, if no refresh variable indicates updated data is present upon the server processing continues to step  501 , thereby avoiding unnecessarily refreshing the displayed frames.  
         [0061]    At step  503  a query is invoked from the client to the server to update the particular frame or frames associated with the refresh variable indicating update data is present. For example, in the case of the illustrated agent&#39;s client, refresh variable RefreshA having a “true” state will result in a refresh query with respect to agent&#39;s receive frame  332  and refresh variable RefreshB having a “true” state will result in a refresh query with respect to conversation select frame  333 . Likewise, in the case of the illustrated individual&#39;s client, refresh variable RefreshX having a “true” state will result in a refresh query with respect to individuals receive frame  322 .  
         [0062]    Server  110  of the illustrated embodiment receives the frame query and compiles a query response. For example, if the query is with respect to agent&#39;s receive frame  332 , server  110  may reference customers online table  312  to identify a particular individual currently selected by the corresponding agent and parse message table  313  for all messages from that individual. If the query is with respect to conversation select frame  333 , server  110  may reference customers online table  312  to identify particular individuals not currently selected by the corresponding agent and parsing customers unanswered  311  for the identification of any such individual having an unanswered message posted. These messages, including the updated message identified in customers unanswered table  311 , may be provided in a query response for transmission to the querying client.  
         [0063]    At step  504  a query response is received by the client from the server which updates the appropriate frame with the updated information. For example, agent&#39;s receive frame  332  may be refreshed to include all the messages from the selected individual, including an updated message. Similarly, conversation select frame  333  may be refreshed to include a message icon next to the identity of each currently non-selected individual having an unanswered message posted upon server  110 . It should be appreciated that, because the illustrated embodiment utilizes a refresh frame for determining if update data is present, blinking or flashing associated with the displayed frames is experienced only when data is updated.  
         [0064]    Although the flow diagrams of FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate steps providing periodic automatic updating or refreshing of data at the client, it should be appreciated that such updating or refreshing of data may additionally or alternatively occur at other times. For example, a client may query message data from the server in response to manual control by a user. Similarly, such queries may be invoked upon the occurrence of another function. For example, a user&#39;s manipulation of the client to post a message to the server may also operate to query the server with respect to new messages posted for that user, if desired.  
         [0065]    Although the illustrated embodiment shows the use of refresh variables of a refresh frame for each frame to be updated with information from a server, it should be appreciated that there is no such requirement according to the present invention. For example, it may be determined that displayed frames presenting relatively little data or for which a query response requires very little processing by a server may be more expediently served using blind refreshes. Accordingly, one or more frames may be refreshed using conventional or other techniques while one or more other frames are refreshed using techniques of the present invention. However, it should be appreciated that use of the refresh techniques of the present invention may be preferred, even where a series of conventional blind refreshes do not significantly impact a server, in order to provide advantages such as the aforementioned reduction in visible blinking or flashing associated with a frame refresh.  
         [0066]    When implemented in software, the elements of the present invention are essentially the code segments to perform the necessary tasks. For example, programs or code segments for refreshing refresh frames and for referencing refresh variables for refreshing displayed frames may be provided in the form of JAVA scripts operable upon a browser client according of an embodiment of the present invention. Of course, other programming languages, such as C, C+, XML, etcetera, may be utilized in providing embodiments of the present invention, if desired. The program or code segments can be stored in a processor readable medium or transmitted by a computer data signal embodied in a carrier wave, or a signal modulated by a carrier, over a transmission medium. The “processor readable medium” may include any medium that can store or transfer information. Examples of the processor readable medium include an electronic circuit, a semiconductor memory device, a ROM, a flash memory, an erasable ROM (EROM), a floppy diskette, a compact disk CD-ROM, an optical disk, a hard disk, a fiber optic medium, a radio frequency (RF) link, etc. The computer data signal may include any signal that can propagate over a transmission medium such as electronic network channels, optical fibers, air, electromagnetic, RF links, etc. The code segments may be downloaded via computer networks such as the Internet, Intranet, etc.  
         [0067]    Although embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to a client-server environment, the concepts of the present invention are not limited to application with respect to a client-server environment. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that the present invention may be implemented with respect to a variety of shared resource environments, whether meeting the definition of a client-server environment or not.  
         [0068]    Moreover, although embodiments of the present invention have been described herein with reference to conducting quasi real-time chat sessions, the concepts of the present invention are not limited to application with respect to chat sessions or even quasi real-time events. Accordingly, it should be appreciated that the present invention may be implemented with respect to any data requiring refreshing or updating.