Abstract:
A sunscreen composition containing a UV-B dibenzoylmethane derivative, such as 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4&#39;-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL 1789), and a stabilizer/solubilizer for the dibenzoylmethane derivative selected from formula (I) and formula (II), and mixtures thereof: ##STR1## wherein m=5, 7, 9 or mixtures and n=4, 6, 8 or mixtures; ##STR2## wherein m=5, 7 or mixtures and n=4, 6 or mixtures. 
     These long branched chain alkyl hydroxybenzoates and long branched chain benzoates having a C 4   +   branch at the 2 position are quite effective in stabilizing the dibenzoylmethane derivative UV-B filter compounds making them more effective; effective for longer periods of time.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention is directed to a stable sunscreen composition for topical application to human skin to protect the skin against UV radiation damage. More particularly, the present invention is directed to the use of long chain (C 12 , C 16  and/or C 18 ) branched alkyl hydroxybenzoates and/or long chain (C 12 , C 16 ) branched chain alkyl benzoates that are surprisingly effective in stabilizing dibenzoylmethane derivatives, particularly 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4&#39;-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL 1789) such that the PARSOL 1789 is a more effective sunscreen, having a surprisingly increased sunscreen protection factor (SPF) and such that the PARSOL 1789 is more effective over a longer period of time so that the sunscreen composition need not be applied to the skin as frequently. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART 
     It is well known that ultraviolet light having a wavelength between about 280 nm or 290 nm and 320 nm (UV-B) is harmful to human skin, causing burns that are detrimental to the development of a good sun tan. UV-A radiation, while producing tanning of the skin, also can cause damage, particularly to very lightly colored, sensitive skin, leading to reduction of skin elasticity and wrinkles. Therefore, a sunscreen composition should include both UV-A and UV-B filters to prevent most of the sunlight within the full range of about 280 nm to about 400 nm from damaging human skin. 
     The UV-B filters that are most widely used commercially in sunscreen compositions are paramethoxycinnamic acid esters, such as 2-ethylhexyl paramethoxycinnamate, commonly referred to as octyl methoxycinnamate or PARSOL MCX, having an ethyl radical extending from the 2 position of the hexyl long chain backbone; and octyl salicylate. 
     The UV-A filters most commonly used in commercial sunscreen compositions are the dibenzoylmethane derivatives, particularly 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4&#39;-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL 1789), and 4-isopropyl dibenzoylmethane (EUSOLEX 8020). Other dibenzoylmethane derivatives described as UV-A filters are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,489,057; 4,387,089 and 4,562,067, hereby incorporated by reference. It is also well known that the above described and most commonly used UV-A filters, particularly the dibenzoylmethane derivative, such as PARSOL 1789, suffer in photochemical stability when combined with the above-described most commercially used UV-B filters. Accordingly, when a UV-B filter, such as 2-ethylhexyl paramethoxycinnamate (PARSOL MCX), and/or octyl salicylate, is combined with the dibenzoylmethane derivative UV-A compounds, such as PARSOL 1789, the PARSOL 1789 becomes less photochemically stable necessitating repeated, frequent coatings over the skin for sufficient UV radiation protection. 
     In accordance with the principles of the present invention, it has been found, quite surprisingly, that by including a C 12 , C 16 , C 18  branched chain hydroxybenzoate of formula (I), preferably C 12  branched chain hydroxybenzoate, and/or a C 12 , C 16  branched chain benzoate of formula (II) into a cosmetic sunscreen formulation containing a UV-A dibenzyolmethane derivative, particularly PARSOL 1789, or EUSOLEX 8020, the dibenzyolmethane derivative is photochemically stabilized so that the dibenzyolmethane derivative-containing sunscreen composition is more effective for filtering out UV-A radiation; the composition filters UV-A radiation for longer periods of time; and, therefore, the sunscreen formulation need not be applied to the skin as frequently while maintaining effective skin protection against UV-A radiation: ##STR3## wherein m=5, 7, 9 or mixtures and n=4, 6, 8 or mixtures; ##STR4## wherein m=5, 7 or mixtures and n=4, 6 or mixtures. 
     By the addition of the UV-B filter compounds, the cosmetic sunscreen formulation can maintain surprisingly effective skin protection against UV radiation both in the UV-A and UV-B range, with or without common sunscreen additives, such as benzophenone 3, octocrylene, and/or titanium dioxide. The ratio of UV-A to UV-B filter compounds is in the range of about 0.1:1 to about 3:1, preferably about 0.1:1 to about 0.3:1, most preferably about 0.24:1. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In brief, the present invention is directed to sunscreen compositions containing a dibenzoylmethane derivative UV-A filter compound, such as 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4&#39;-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL 1789), and a stabilizer/solubilizer for the dibenzoylmethane derivative selected from formula (I) and formula (II), and mixtures thereof: ##STR5## wherein m=5, 7, 9 or mixtures and n=4, 6, 8 or mixtures; ##STR6## wherein m=5, 7 or mixtures and n=4, 6 or mixtures. 
     Surprisingly, it has been found that these long branched chain alkyl hydroxybenzoates and long branched chain (2 position) benzoates having at least C 4  branches at the 2 position are quite effective in stabilizing the dibenzoylmethane derivative UV-B filter compounds making them more effective; effective for longer periods of time; and, therefore, the sunscreen composition need not be reapplied as frequently to maintain effective UV radiation skin protection. 
     Accordingly, one aspect of the present invention is to provide a stable sunscreen composition that includes a stabilizer/solubilizer compound selected from formula (I), formula (II), or mixtures capable of stabilizing a dimethylbenzoyl derivative UV-A filter, particularly PARSOL 1789: ##STR7## 
     Another aspect of the present invention is to provide stabilizer compounds for dimethylbenzoyl derivatives, particularly PARSOL 1789, and methods of manufacturing the stabilizer compounds, capable of stabilizing the dimethylbenzoyl derivatives, and capable of increasing the sunscreen protection factor (SPF) achievable for sunscreen compositions containing the dimethylbenzoyl derivatives to a SPF of at least 20, particularly 20-25 SPF. 
     Another aspect of the present invention is to provide a stable sunscreen composition that has a SPF of at least 20, without a sunscreen composition additive selected from the group consisting of benzophenone 3, octocrylene or other substituted dialkylbenzalmalonates or substituted dialkylmalonates. 
     Still another aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved, stable sunscreen composition containing 2-butyloctyl benzoate and/or 2-hexyldecyl benzoate, particularly a 40%, 60% by weight mixture, respectively, having a refractive index of at least about 1.40, particularly about 1.45 to about 1.48, that increases the effectiveness of dimethylbenzoyl derivative sunscreen compounds, particularly 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4&#39;-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL 1789), in SPF and in duration. 
     Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an improved, stable sunscreen composition containing 2-butyloctyl hydroxybenzoate, having a refractive index of about 1.49, that increases the effectiveness of dimethylbenzoyl derivative sunscreen compounds, particularly 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4&#39;-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL 1789), in SPF and in duration. 
    
    
     The above and other aspects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     The sunscreen compositions of the present invention include about 1% to about 3% of a dibenzoylmethane derivative UV-A filter compound, such as 4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4&#39;-methoxydibenzoylmethane (PARSOL 1789) and about 1% to about 10% by weight of a stabilizer/solubilizer for the dibenzoylmethane derivative, selected from the group consisting of formula (I), formula (II), and mixtures thereof: ##STR8## wherein m=5, 7, 9 or mixtures and n=4, 6, 8 or mixtures; ##STR9## wherein m=5, 7 or mixtures and n=4, 6 or mixtures. 
     The compounds of formula (I) and formula (II) are formed by typical esterification and transesterification reactions as follows: 
     FORMULA (I): 
     1. HYDROXYBENZOATE ESTERIFICATION REACTION ##STR10## where m=5, 7, 9 or mixtures and n=4, 6, 8 or mixtures ##STR11## wherein m=5, 7, 9 or mixtures and n=4, 6, 8 or mixtures 
     preferred where m=5 and n=4: ##STR12## 
     
         ______________________________________Loading Formula For 2-Butyloctyl Hydroxybenzoate(preferred Formula (I)) SynthesisREACTANTS          WEIGHT %______________________________________Hydroxybenzoic Acid              40.32-Butyloctanol (ISOFOL 12)              59.7M.S.A.* (99.9%)    0.2Sodium Hypophosphite              0.015**______________________________________ *Methane sulfonic acid catalyst **Based on the weight of hydroxybenzoic acid 
    
     FORMULA (II): 
     1. BENZOATE ESTERIFICATION REACTION ##STR13## wherein m=5, 7 or mixtures and n=4, 6 or mixtures ##STR14## wherein m=5, 7 or mixtures and n=4, 6 or mixtures 
     preferred mixtures are 40% by weight: m=5, n=4; 60% by weight: m=7, n=6: 
     40% by weight 2-butyloctyl benzoate: ##STR15## 60% by weight 2-hexyldecyl benzoate: ##STR16## The 40%/60% mixture has a refractive Index of 1.48. 
     
         ______________________________________Loading Formula For 40% 2-ButyloctylBenzoate/60% 2-Hexyldecyl BenzoateREACTANTS             WEIGHT %______________________________________Methylbenzoate        40.82-Butyloctyl alcohol  22.4 lbs.(ISOFOL 12)2-Hexyldecyl alcohol  36.8 lbs.(ISOFOL 16)Catalyst Fascat 9102*  0.03%**Sodium Hypophosphite   0.015%**SORBAMOL               1.5%**Dicalite               0.75%**______________________________________ *Butyltin tris 2ethylhexanoate catalyst **Based on the weight of methyl benzoate + alcohols 
    
     After loading the raw materials, agitation, nitrogen sparge and heat were turned on in a glass reaction kettle. Sodium hypophosphite was added on loading. At 290° F. the catalyst was added and heating was continued. Reaction started in the 380°-385° F. range as manifested by the evolution of MeOH. The overhead temperature was maintained at 140°-145° F. during the generation of MeOH. This was accomplished by controlling the reflux at 1:2 ratio. The reflux ratio indicates one fraction of the overhead product is taken out as a distillate product and two fractions goes back to the reaction kettle as reflux. This is the ratio found to be ideal to control the overhead temperature. 
     Heat was continued to a maximum reaction temperature of 420° F. When the overhead temperature dropped to 130°-135° F., the column was switched off and the reaction was continued on by-pass. Kettle samples were checked for acid value, color and percent alcohol. Vacuum was applied when the methyl alcohol content dropped to 2% by weight. Partial vacuum was applied initially to prevent foam over, then gradually increased to full as conditions permitted. Stripped for methylbenzoate until 0.10% by weight. At this time methylbenzoate odor was very faintly detectable. Cooled down the glass-lined reaction kettle to 180° F. 
     It is preferred to treat the product with a color body-absorbing compound, such as an activated charcoal or acid-activated calcium montmorillonite clay, to improve the color. The product required three separate activated charcoal treatments using 1% charcoal (based on batch initial weight) for each treatment to bring color down to 30-40 APHA. On the other hand, only one treatment with an acid-activated calcium montmorillonite clay (SORBAMOL) was required, in an amount of 1.26 based on the initial weight of the batch, to improve color to 20 APHA. All post treatment decolorizing steps were done at 180° F. and mixed for one hour, and then the batch was filtered with Dicalite. 
     The finished product was then analyzed and the results are as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________Appearance       Clear______________________________________Acid Value       0.01Color, APHA      30-40Water, %         0.03Saponification Value            175.7Specific Gravity 0.92Refractive Index 1.48______________________________________ 
    
     The compounds of formula (I) and/or formula (II) are combined with the well-known moisturizers, emollients, solvents, lubricants, emulsifiers and other common cosmetic formulation ingredients for solubility of formulas (I) and (II), emulsification, thickening agents, and to provide other skin enhancement, e.g., moisturizing properties, as well known in the art. The compositions can be produced as oily lotions, gels, solid sticks, emulsions, aerosols, and all other forms of cosmetic compositions. The compositions of the following examples provide exceptional skin feel and moisturizing properties in comparison to typical prior art sunscreen compositions. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     
         ______________________________________Oil-in-water emulsion  CHEMICAL     TRADEPHASE  NAME         NAME      % W/W  FUNCTION______________________________________A      Octyl        Escalol 557.sup.7                         7.50   UVB  methoxycinnamate              sunscreenA      Octyl salicylate               Dermoblock                         5.00   UVB               OS.sup.4         sunscreenA      Butyloctyl   HallBrite ™                         5.00   Emollient,  hydroxybenzoate               BHB.sup.1*       stabilizer/                                solventA      C.sub.12 /C.sub.16               HallStar ™                         5.00   Emollient,  alkyl benzoate               AB.sup.1*        stabilizer/                                solventA      Avobenzone   PARSOL    3.00   UVA               1789.sup.3       sunscreenB      PVP/Eicosene Ganex     1.00   Moisture  copolymer    V-220.sup.7      barrierB      Dimethicone  Silwet    0.20   Lubricant  copolyol     L-7087.sup.6*B      Silica       Aerosil   0.50   Thixotrope               R972.sup.11B      Tocopheryl   Vitamin E 0.10   Vitamin  acetate      acetate.sup.8C      Deionized water               Water     Q.S.   Solvent,                                carrierC      Disodium EDTA               Disodium  0.05   Chelator               EDTAC      Butylene glycol               Butylene  2.00   Humectant,               glycol*          solventC      Phenoxyethanol()               Phenonip.sup.2                         0.60   Preservative  methylparaben()  ethylparaben()  propylparaben()  butylparabenC      Glycerin     Glycerin* 4.00   HumectantD      Acrylates/C.sub.10-30               Pemulen   0.25   Emulsifier  alkyl acrylates               TR-1.sup.9  crosspolymerD      Carbomer     Carbopol  0.20   Thickener,               Ultrez.sup.9     stabilizerD      Hydroxypropyl               Primaflo  0.20   Film former  methocellulose               MP3295A.sup.10D      Polysorbate 80               Tween 80.sup.5                          0.040 Particle                                size reducerD      Panthenol (50%)               DL-       0.50   Moisturizer,               Panthenol.sup.8  soothantE      Triethanolamine               Triethanol-                         Q.S. to                                Neutralizer  (99%)        amine*    pH 5.5______________________________________ .sup.1 The C.P. Hall Company, Inc.; .sup.2 Nipa; .sup.3 Givaudan Rohr; .sup.4 Alzo; .sup.5 ICI; .sup.6 OSi; .sup.7 ISP; .sup.8 Roche; .sup.9 B.F. Goodrich; .sup.10 Aqualon; .sup.11 DeGussa *Available from The C.P. Hall Company, Inc. *UVA/UVB Ratio of 0.80 determined by Optometrics SPF 290. 
    
     Preferred Mixing Sequence For All Examples: 
     1. Stir &#34;A&#34; additives until avobenzone is completely dissolved. Add &#34;B&#34; additives to &#34;A&#34;. Heat to 65° C. with stirring to disperse silica and melt and dissolve solids. 
     2. Add &#34;C&#34; additives to water in order shown, dissolving the Phenonip in the butylene glycol before the addition. 
     3. To water phase (&#34;C&#34;), add &#34;D&#34; ingredients in order shown, dispersing and wetting the solids according to manufacturer&#39;s instructions. Stir 30 minutes and heat to 65° C. 
     4. With vortex stirring, add Oil Phase (&#34;A&#34;, &#34;B&#34;) to Water Phase (&#34;C&#34;, &#34;D&#34;). 
     5. Remove heat from emulsion and allow to cool while stirring. When temperature is below 50, slowly add &#34;E&#34; to pH 5.5 or until desired viscosity is reached. Add fragrance. Stir to a smooth cream. 
     Significantly, the extremely high SPF rating is achieved without oxybenzone (benzophenone 3), octocrylene, or titanium dioxide. Instead, it uses two new additives for advanced sunscreen formulations, HallBrite BHB and HallStar AB. HallBrite BHB adds unique emolliency and solvency for avobenzone (PARSOL 1789). HallStar AB is an outstanding emollient and solvent for avobenzone that will not freeze even as temperatures fall below -20° C. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     
         ______________________________________Oil-in-water emulsion  CHEMICAL     TRADEPHASE  NAME         NAME      % W/W  FUNCTION______________________________________A      Octyl        Escalol 557.sup.7                         7.50   UVB  methoxycinnamate              sunscreenA      Octyl salicylate               Dermoblock                         5.00   UVB               OS.sup.4         sunscreenA      Butyloctyl   HallBrite ™                         3.00   Emollient,  hydroxybenzoate               BHB.sup.1*       solventA      C.sub.12 /C.sub.16 alkyl               HallStar ™                         3.00   Emollient,  benzoate     AB.sup.1*        solventA      Avobenzone   PARSOL    1.00   UVA               1789.sup.3       sunscreenB      PVP/Eicosene Ganex     1.00   Moisture  copolymer    V-220.sup.7      barrierB      Dimethicone  Silwet    0.20   Lubricant  copolyol     L-7087.sup.6*B      Silica       Aerosil   0.50   Thixotrope               R972.sup.11B      Tocopheryl acetate               Vitamin E 0.10   Vitamin               acetate.sup.8C      Deionized water               Water     Q.S.   Solvent,                                carrierC      Disodium EDTA               Disodium  0.05   Chelator               EDTAC      Butylene glycol               Butylene  2.00   Humectant,               glycol*          solventC      Phenoxyethanol()               Phenonip.sup.2                         0.60   Preservative  methylparaben()  ethylparaben()  propylparaben()  butylparabenC      Glycerin     Glycerin* 4.00   HumectantD      Acrylates/C.sub.10-30               Pemulen   0.25   Emulsifier  alkyl acrylates               TR-1.sup.9  crosspolymerD      Carbomer     Carbopol  0.20   Thickener,               Ultrez.sup.9     stabilizerD      Hydroxypropyl               Primaflo  0.20   Film former  methocellulose               MP3295A.sup.10D      Polysorbate 80               Tween 80.sup.5                         0.40   Particle size                                reducerD      Panthenol (50%)               DL-       0.50   Moisturizer,               Panthenol.sup.8  soothantE      Triethanolamine               Triethanol-                         Q.S. to                                Neutralizer  (99%)        amine*    pH 5.5______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLE 3 
     
         ______________________________________Oil-in-water emulsion (mousse when in pressurized can withpropellant)  CHEMICAL     TRADEPHASE  NAME         NAME      % W/W  FUNCTION______________________________________A      Octyl        Escalol 557.sup.7                         7.50   UVB  methoxycinnamate              sunscreenA      Octyl salicylate               Dermoblock                         5.00   UVB               OS.sup.4         sunscreenA      Butyloctyl   HallBrite ™                         8.00   Emollient,  hydroxybenzoate               BHB.sup.1*       solventA      Avobenzone   PARSOL    3.00   UVA               1789.sup.3       sunscreenB      PVP/Eicosene Ganex     0.25   Moisture  copolymer    V-220.sup.7      barrierB      Dimethicone  Silwet    0.40   Lubricant  copolyol     L-7087.sup.6*B      Silica       Aerosil   0.50   Thixotrope               R972.sup.11B      Tocopheryl acetate               Vitamin E 0.10   Vitamin               acetate.sup.8C      Deionized water               Water     Q.S.   Solvent,                                carrierC      Disodium EDTA               Disodium  0.05   Chelator               EDTAC      Butylene glycol               Butylene  2.00   Humectant,               glycol*          solventC      Phenoxyethanol()               Phenonip.sup.2                         0.60   Preservative  methylparaben()  ethylparaben()  propylparaben()  butylparabenC      Glycerin     Glycerin* 4.00   HumectantD      Acrylates/C.sub.10-30               Pemulen   0.25   Emulsifier  alkyl acrylates               TR-1.sup.9  crosspolymerD      Carbomer     Carbopol  0.10   Thickener,               Ultrez.sup.9     stabilizerD      Hydroxypropyl               Primaflow 0.20   Film former  methocellulose               MP3295A.sup.10D      Polysorbate 80               Tween 80.sup.5                         0.40   Particle size                                reducerD      Panthenol (50%)               DL-       0.50   Moisturizer,               Panthenol.sup.8  soothantD      Triethanolamine               Triethanol-                         Q.S. to                                Neutralizer  (99%)        amine*    pH 5.5______________________________________