Abstract:
The present invention aims to provide a method of producing printed matter containing various types of materials which are easy to understand and make a great impression on readers. In accordance with this method of the present invention, a direct-reading material and a related material including text, sound, and images are printed on a page in a newspaper. The additional material are printed in the form of codes for high-density display, and can be read by a pen-type scanner. The read additional material is restored by decoding software. A material which is not allocated in the newspaper is stored in an information center, and the storage address is placed in the form of a code on the newspaper. The points of the contents of the non-allocated material are also placed in the newspaper. If a reader wish to know the details of the non-allocated material, he or she should scan the storage address with the pen-type scanner.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention generally relates to methods of producing printed matter such as newspapers and magazines. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method of producing printed matter containing direct-reading materials including text and pictures, and related materials including text, sound, and images, using an information processing apparatus. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of producing printed matter containing the points of materials to which space on a newspaper or a magazine are not allocated, and positional information of an area in which the non-allocated materials are stored in advance. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   Printer matter normally contains direct-reading materials such as text and photographs in articles and advertisement, but does not include audio or dynamic visual information. 
   In a case of a newspaper, for instance, the total number of pages is predetermined, and the amount of information placed in the newspaper is limited accordingly. As a result, many articles are killed during the editing. 
   Because of the characteristics of printed matter, a printing method in which a part of the print is made unreadable, but can be read by a special device, has not been employed. 
   The conventional printed matter has the following problems: 
   (1) Since the audio and dynamic visual information related to a direct-reading material is not included, there is a limit to information transmission to readers. Compared with a television medium, an advertisement has a smaller impact on readers, and a news report lacks a sense of reality.
 
(2) In a case of newspapers having a large circulation and a limited type space, there are always articles which are not printed. The contents of such newspapers often become dull and monotonous.
 
(3) For those who have difficulty in reading small letters, the conventional printed matter does sufficiently serve as an information transmitter.
 
(4) Materials that can be accessed only by special members holding a password cannot be allocated in the conventional printed matter.
 
   To solve these problems, an additional material including text, sound, and images related to a direct-reading material, should be converted into secondary data in the form of codes for high-density display. This secondary data is then printed on a page in a newspaper. Also, the points of the contents of a non-allocated material and the positional information of the storage area that stores the non-allocated materials should be printed on the newspaper. Furthermore, a part of the newspaper can be made directly unreadable, so that only the member of some special group have access to the contents of that part of the newspaper through a password, for instance. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   A general object of the present invention is to provide methods of producing printed matter such as newspapers and magazines in which the above disadvantages are eliminated. 
   A more specific object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing printed matter containing various types of materials, the contents of which have a larger impact on readers and maintains a sense of reality. In this method, the producing side is rarely required to kill the materials. 
   The above objects of the present invention are achieved by a method of producing printed matter containing a direct-reading material and an additional material related to the direct-reading material by an information processing apparatus, the direct-reading material including text and pictures, the additional material including text, sound, and images related to the direct-reading material. This method comprises the steps of: 
   converting primary data of the additional material into secondary data in the form of codes for high-density display; 
   performing an allocating operation for the direct-reading material and the additional material in accordance with a type space corresponding to the secondary data. 
   In this method, the allocating operation performing step may include the step of linking the direct-reading material designated by a user and the related additional material. 
   The above objects of the present invention are also achieved by a method of producing printed matter containing various materials by an information processing apparatus. This method comprises the steps of: 
   converting points of a non-allocated material designated by a user into directly readable printing data; 
   converting positional information of an area in which the non-allocated material is separately stored into printing data that can be read by a reading device; and 
   allocating the points of the non-allocated material and the positional information. 
   The above objects of the present invention are also achieved by the use of an apparatus that produces printed matter on which a direct-reading material including text and pictures, and a related additional material including text, sound, and images, are printed. This apparatus comprises: 
   an encoding mechanism that converts primary data of the additional material into secondary data in the form of codes for high-density display; and 
   a layout design mechanism that carries out an allocating operation for the direct-reading material and an allocating operation for the additional material in accordance with a type space corresponding to the secondary data. 
   This apparatus may further comprise a linking mechanism that links the direct-reading material designated by a user and the related additional material. 
   The above objects of the present invention are also achieved by the use of an apparatus that produces printed matter containing various types of information, comprising: 
   an information creating mechanism that converts points of a non-allocated material designated by a user into directly readable printing data, and also converts positional information of an area in which the non-allocated material is separated stored into printing data that can be read by a reading device; and 
   a layout design mechanism that carries out an allocating operation for the points of the non-allocated material and the positional information. 
   In accordance with the present invention, direct-reading materials and related additional materials for high-density display are placed on pages. The additional materials are not directly readable, but can be read by a pen-type scanner, for instance. 
   In compliance with an instruction from a user, the direct-reading materials are linked to the additional materials. 
   If there is a non-allocated material, the point of the contents of the non-allocated material and the positional information of the storage area that stores the non-allocated material are printed on a page. The points of the contents are directly readable, but the positional information cannot be directly read. 
   If a user wish to know the contents of the non-allocated material after reading the points of the contents, he or she should scan the positional information with a pen-type scanner, for instance. 
   The present invention also aims to provide a computer-readable recording medium that stores a program having functions of enabling a computer to produce printed matter which has the same effects as the above method and apparatus. 
   The above and other objects and features of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  shows the entire structure of a printing matter producing system of the present invention; 
       FIG. 2  is a schematic view of a newspaper on which direct-reading materials and additional materials are placed; 
       FIG. 3  shows a printing system of additional materials onto a paper and a reading system of the additional materials from the newspaper; 
       FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a page which shows information of non-allocated materials; 
       FIG. 5  is a flowchart of an operation of newspaper production in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 6  shows the entire structure of a direct-reading material-management database and a direct-reading material file; 
       FIG. 7  shows the entire structure of an additional material management database and an additional material file; 
       FIG. 8  is a flowchart of an operation of a linking mechanism in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 9  shows the structure of a linking management database; 
       FIG. 10  shows the relationship between a direct-reading material and the allocated spaces of the related additional material; 
       FIGS. 11A to 11D  illustrate example positions of allocated additional materials in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 12  is a flowchart of an operation of the layout design mechanism in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 13  shows an example of the initial setting of the page space management database; 
       FIG. 14  is a table of criteria used in step S 48  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 ; 
       FIG. 15  is a flowchart of step S 49  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 ; 
       FIG. 16  shows the detailed contents of step S 53  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 ; 
       FIG. 17  is a flowchart of an operation of the information creating mechanism for non-allocated materials in accordance with the present invention; 
       FIG. 18  shows a non-allocated material management database and the content of each non-allocated material record; 
       FIG. 19  shows the initial state of a material selecting display; 
       FIG. 20  shows an inputted state of a material point selecting display of  FIG. 19 ; 
       FIG. 21  shows the initial state of a non-allocated material selecting display; and 
       FIG. 22  is a schematic view of a computer system that reads a program from a computer-readable recording medium and executes the program. 
   

   DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
   The following is a description of embodiments of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiments of the present invention, a newspaper is employed as a printing matter to be produced, for ease of explanation. 
     FIG. 1  illustrates the entire structure of a printing matter producing system of the present invention. In  FIG. 1 , reference numeral  1  indicates a processor that edits direct-reading materials, encodes additional materials, performs a linking process on the direct-reading materials and the additional materials, allocates the direct-reading materials and the additional materials onto papers, and creates information for non-allocated materials. Reference numeral  11  indicates an edit mechanism that comprises an editor program for the direct-reading materials. Reference numeral  12  indicates an encoding mechanism that includes an encoding program for the additional materials. Reference numeral  13  indicates a linking mechanism that includes a linking program for the direct-reading materials and the additional materials. Reference numeral  14  indicates a layout design mechanism that includes an allocating program for the direct-reading materials and the additional materials. Reference numeral  15  indicates an information creating mechanism that includes an information creating program for the non-allocated materials. Reference numeral  16  indicates an internal memory. Reference numeral  17  indicates a work area. Reference numeral  2  indicates an external storage device. Reference numeral  21  indicates a direct-reading material management database and a direct-reading material file (also shown in  FIG. 6 ). Reference numeral  22  indicates an additional material management database and an additional material file (also shown in  FIG. 7 ). Reference numeral  23  indicates a link management database (also shown in  FIG. 9 ). Reference numeral  24  indicates a paper space management database (also shown in  FIG. 13 ). Reference numeral  25  indicates a non-allocated material management database and a non-allocated material file (also shown in  FIG. 18 ). Reference numeral  3  indicates an input device that receives material data used in the above various processes and instructions from data users, and transfers the material data and the instructions to the processor  1 . Reference numeral  4  indicates a display device that displays guidance for users, and displays the content of inputs from users or the results of a process performed by the processor  1 . Reference numeral  5  indicates a printing device that prints the direct-reading materials and the additional materials. Reference numeral  6  indicates a service center that holds the detailed contents of non-allocated materials, only the points of which are placed in the newspaper. 
     FIG. 2  illustrates a paper on which direct-reading materials and additional materials are actually put. In this figure, reference numeral  7  indicates a page of a newspaper. Reference numeral  7   a  indicates portions on which the direct-reading materials are printed. Reference numeral  7   b  indicates portions on which coded additional materials are printed. Reference numeral  8  indicates a pen-type scanner. For the convenience of drafting the drawing, the coded additional material printed portions  7   b  are shaded, but the detailed contents of the printed portions  7   b  are as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
   The coded additional material printed portions  7   b  are read by the pen-type scanner  8 , and are subjected to decoder software. As a result, the contents of the coded additional materials are outputted in the form of pictures, photographs, text, and sound. 
   The coded additional material printed portion  7   b  may be allowed only to special members who possess a special password. The contents of the coded additional material printed portions  7   b  may be completely independent of the contents of the direct-reading materials, and may be read out individually. 
     FIG. 3  illustrates a printing system of the additional materials onto the paper and a reading system of the additional material from the paper. In this figure, reference numeral  7   b  indicates the coded additional material printed portions. Reference numeral  31  indicates an encoding unit. Reference numeral  32  indicates encoding rules. Reference numeral  33  indicates a decoding unit. Reference numeral  34  indicates decoding rules. Reference numeral  35  indicates code data (an information unit). Reference numeral  36  indicates the upper left portion of one of the coded additional material printed portions  7   b.    
   The encoding and decoding technique used in this embodiment is suitable for high-density display, and the details of this technique is disclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application No. 6-343132. The additional material data is compressed prior to the encoding process, so that high-density printing can be carried out. 
   The primary data of the additional materials is converted into the 4-byte code data  35  (secondary data) by the encoding unit  31  in conformity with the encoding rules  32 . The code data  35  shown in  FIG. 3  represents the character “C”. The “1” bits in the code data  35  correspond to black, and the “0” bits correspond to white. 
   The coded additional material printed portions  7   b  shown in  FIG. 3  are the printed result of 18 sets of code data. The code data  35  is printed in the upper left portion  36  of the coded additional material printed portion  7   b , that is, in one eighteenth of the entire area of the coded additional material printed portion  7   b.    
   The upper left portion  36  of the coded additional material printed portion  7   b  is read by a scanner to obtain the 4-byte code data  35 . This code data  35  is then processed by the decoding unit  33  in conformity with the decoding rules  34 , so as to restore the original additional material. 
     FIG. 4  is a schematic view of a paper that shows information of non-allocated materials. In this figure, reference numeral  7  indicates a newspaper, reference numeral  7   c  indicates the portions on which the points of the non-allocated materials are printed, and reference numeral  7   d  indicates code printed portions of storage addresses (positional information) of the service center  6  that stores the non-allocated materials. The code printed portions  7   d  may be constituted by two-dimensional bar codes. 
   When a reader wishes to know the contents of the materials introduced in the printed portions  7   c , that is, when a reader wishes to obtain the contents of the materials stored in the service center  6 , all he or she needs to do is to scan the code printed portions  7   d  with the pen-type scanner  8 . 
   The storage addresses of the respective code printed portions  7   d  are decoded by a material retrieval mechanism (not shown), and the material data is retrieved from the storage address area in the service center  6 . The retrieved material data is then displayed on a screen. 
     FIG. 5  shows the entire procedure of newspaper production, the details of which are as follows. 
   In step S 11 , direct-reading materials, such as text, photographs, and advertisements, are produced by the edit mechanism  11 . After that, the operation moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 12 , the edit mechanism  11  stores the information of the produced direct-reading materials in a direct-reading material management database  21   a  (shown in  FIG. 6 ), and the operation moves on to the next step. Prior to this storage, the type space required for printing the direct-reading material should be specified in advance. 
   In step S 13 , it is determined whether or not all the direct-reading materials to be laid out have been produced, i.e., whether or not an instruction to stop the production has been issued. If it is determined that all the direct-reading materials to be laid out have been produced, the operation moves on to the next step. If it is determined that not all the direct-reading materials to be laid out have been completed, the operation returns to step S 11 . 
   In step S 14 , additional materials (information including text, sound, and images employed for easier understanding of the direct-reading materials) are produced. The operation then moves on to the next step. In this production of the additional materials, the use of the edit mechanism  11  is left to a user&#39;s discretion. Where the edit mechanism  11  is not used, an external tool is employed for the production of the additional materials. 
   In step S 15 , the edit mechanism  11  stores the information of the produced additional materials and printing code data obtained from the additional material information in an additional material management database  22   a  (shown in  FIG. 7 ). The operation then moves on to the next step. Prior to this storage, the type space required for printing the additional materials should be specified. 
   In step S 16 , the linking mechanism  13  stores link information of a direct-reading material designated by a user and the additional material related to the designated direct-reading material in a link management database  23  (shown in  FIG. 9 ). The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 17 , the layout design mechanism  14  allocates the designated direct-reading material and the related additional material onto paper, and the operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 18 , it is determined whether or not the layout of the direct-reading material has been completed, i.e., whether or not an instruction to stop the layout has been issued from a user. If it is determined that the layout of the direct-reading material has been completed, the operation moves on to the next step. If it is determined that the layout of the designated direct-reading material has not been completed, the operation returns to step S 17 . 
   In step S 19 , the information creating mechanism  15  stores a non-allocated direct-reading material designated by a user in the service center  6 , and also stores service material information including printing code data of the storage address (a storage address code) the points of a material produced by the user in a non-allocated material management database  25   a  (shown in  FIG. 17 ). The operation then moves on to the next step. Prior to the storage, the type space required for printing the service materials (including the points of the material and the storage address code) is specified. 
   In step S 20 , the information creating mechanism  15  determines whether all the service materials to be placed in the newspaper have been produced, i.e., whether an instruction to stop the production has been issued from the user. If the information creating mechanism  15  determines that all the service materials have been completed, the operation moves on to the next step. If the information creating mechanism  15  determines that not all the service materials have been completed, the operation returns to step S 19 . 
   In step S 21 , the layout design mechanism  14  allocates each of the service materials onto the paper (see  FIG. 17 ), and the operation then moves on to the next step. Here, the user may designate the service materials one by one, or a layout determining mechanism may be employed to allocate the service materials in a predetermined order. 
   In step S 22 , the printing device  5  carried out trial printing and actual printing, and the operation comes to an end. This printing process is performed on the data stored in a direct-reading file  21   b  and an additional material file  22   b  described later. 
   For a text material, the type space is calculated from data including character size, the number of characters, character pitch, the number of lines, line pitch, the number of columns, and column pitch. 
   For a photograph or picture material or a printing code material, the type space is calculated from data including the number of pixels (the number of dots) in the transverse direction, and the output resolution of the printing device (the number of dots to be printed per inch). Since a printing code material is processed as image data, the type space is determined by the number of pixels and the like. 
   The user may specify the length and width of the type space. 
     FIG. 6  shows the structure of the direct-reading material management database and the direct-reading material file. Each direct-reading record of the direct-reading material management database  21   a  comprises: the material ID of a direct-reading material; the file name of the direct-reading material file  21   b  that stores the direct-reading material (both the comment on the material and the details of the material); the name of the writer of the direct-reading material; the updated date: the type space of the direct-reading material; the page number; and an information flag to indicate the direct-reading material should be placed as a service material in the newspaper. 
     FIG. 7  shows the structure of the additional material management data base and the additional material file. Each additional material record in the additional material management database  22   a  comprises: the name of the additional material file  22   b  that stores the corresponding additional material (both the comment on the material and the details of the material); the name of the writer of the additional material; the updated data; the type space of the additional material. 
   A user can access any material file by referring to the management databases of  FIGS. 6 and 7  for the file name. The type space is normally represented by a numeric value. When the comment on the material is not printed, the type space is calculated only from the details of the material. 
     FIG. 8  is a flowchart of the operation of the linking mechanism, the contents of which are as follows. Prior to the linking operation, the direct-reading management database  21   a , the direct-reading material file  21   b , the additional material management database  22   a , and the additional material file  22   b , are stored in the internal memory  16 . 
   In step S 31 , the respective comments on direct-reading materials and additional materials are displayed as a list on the display device  4 , and the operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 32 , a user selects the name of an additional material file to be linked, and the operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 33 , the guide comments (including which direct-reading material is linked to the additional material and the scanning direction of the additional material) on the additional material selected by the user is stored in the work area  17 . The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 34 , the total space is determined for the additional material (the details of the material) to be linked, the linked direct-reading material, and the guide comments. The operation then moves on to the next step. This calculation is based on the type space of the direct-reading material record and the additional material record, and the type space of the guide comments. The type space of the guide comments can be calculated in the same manner as described before for a text material. 
   In step S 35 , the above data including the file name, the guide comments, and the total space is correlated with the material ID of the linked direct-reading material, and is then registered in the linking management database  23 . The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 36 , it is determined whether or not the linking operation should be stopped, i.e., whether or not an instruction to stop the linking operation has been issued from the user. If it is determined that the linking operation should be stopped, the operation comes to an end. If it is determined that the linking operation should not be stopped, the operation returns to step S 32 . 
   Whether the linking operation is carried out for each additional material or a plurality (or all) of additional materials is left to the user&#39;s discretion. 
     FIG. 9  shows the structure of the linking management database. Each linking record in the linking management database  23  comprises: the material ID of a direct-reading material; the name of the file that stores the related additional material; the guide comments on the additional material; and the total space of the three elements consisting of the direct-reading material, the additional material, and the guide comments. 
   As can be seen in the linking management database  23  shown in  FIG. 9 , the linking mechanism  13  can link a plurality of additional materials to one direct-reading material. 
     FIG. 10  illustrates the relationship between a direct-reading material and the allocated space of the related additional material. In  FIG. 10 , reference numeral  41  indicates the type space of the direct-reading material (see  FIG. 6 ). Reference numeral  42  indicates the type space of the guide comments on the additional material. Reference numeral  43  indicates the type space of the code portion of the additional material (see  FIG. 7 ). Reference numeral  44  indicates the entire type space of the additional material. Reference numeral  45  indicates the total type space of the direct-reading material and the additional material (see  FIG. 9 ). 
   The direct-reading printing is performed in the spaces on the paper corresponding to the type spaces  41  and  42 , while the code printing (indirect-reading printing) is performed in the space on the paper corresponding to the type space  43 . The code printed portion is read by a scanner. 
     FIGS. 11A to 11D  illustrate example positions of allocated additional materials in accordance with the present invention. More specifically,  FIG. 11A  shows a case where an additional material  52  is allocated immediately after the allocation of a direct-reading material  51 . This allocated position of an additional material will be hereinafter referred to as “immediate allocation position”.  FIG. 11B  shows a case where the additional material  52  is allocated in one of special spaces that are set in advance for additional materials. This allocated position of an additional material will be hereinafter referred to as the “special position”.  FIG. 11C  shows a case where the additional material  52  is allocated in a non-allocated area designated by the user. This allocated position of an additional material will be hereinafter referred to as the “directly designated vacant position”.  FIG. 11D  shows a case where the additional material  52  is allocated within an allocated area designated by the user. This allocated position of an additional material will be hereinafter referred to as the “directly designated overlapping position”. 
   In  FIG. 11C , the additional material  52  is allocated in a non-allocated area situated at a distance from the related direct-reading material  51 . In  FIG. 11D , the additional material  52  is allocated in a part of the area in which an advertisement material has been placed. 
     FIG. 12  is a flowchart of an operation of the layout design mechanism. Prior to this layout design operation (or allocating operation), the direct-reading material management database  21   a , the direct-reading material file  21   b , the additional material management database  22   a , and the linking management database  23 , are stored in the internal memory  16 . 
   In step S 41 , initial setting is carried out for the paper space management database  24 . The contents of the initial setting are stored in the internal memory  16 , and the operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 42 , a paper space record of a page designated by the user is retrieved from the paper space management database  24 , and the operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 43 , it is determined whether or not the entire space of the designated page is larger than its already used space. If it is determined that the entire space of the designated page is larger than its already used space, the operation moves on to the next step. If it is determined that the entire space of the designated page is not larger than its already used space, the operation moves on to step S 45 . 
   In step S 44 , it is determined whether or not the direct-reading material management database  21   a  includes a direct-reading material record having the item “page number” as “none”. If the direct-reading material management database  21   a  includes a direct-reading material record having the item “page number” as “none”, the operation moves on to step S 46 . If the direct-reading material management database  21   a  does not include such a direct-reading material record, the allocating operation comes to an end. 
   In step S 45 , it is determined whether or not the allocating operation should be stopped, i.e., whether or not an instruction to stop the allocating operation has been issued from the user. If it is determined that the allocating operation should be stopped, the allocating operation comes to an end. If it is determined that the allocating operation should be not be stopped, the operation returns to step S 42 . 
   In step S 46 , the material ID of a direct-reading material to be allocated in the present operation and the comments on the material are displayed as a list on the screen of the display material  4 . Here, the user can set the range of the list on the screen (see  FIG. 19 ). The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 47 , it is determined whether or not there is an additional material linked to the direct-reading material selected by the user, in accordance with the linking management database  23 . If there is an additional material linked to the direct-reading material selected by the user, the operation moves on to the next step. If there is no additional material linked to the direct-reading material selected by the user, the operation moves on to step S 50 . 
   In step S 48 , it is determined whether or not there is enough space left on the designated page for the direct-reading material and the additional material linked to the direct-reading material (see  FIG. 14 ). If there is enough space left on the designated page, the operation moves on to the next step. If there is not enough space left, the operation moves on to step S 56 . 
   In step S 49 , the linked direct-reading material and additional material are allocated on the designated page (see  FIG. 15 ). The operation then moves on to step S 52 . 
   In step S 50 , it is determined whether or not the entire space of the designated page is larger than the total of the used space and the type space of the direct-reading material record. If the entire space of the designated page is larger than the total of the used space and the type space of the direct-reading material record, the operation moves on to the next step. If the entire space of the designated page is not larger than the total of the used space and the type space of the direct-reading material record, the operation moves on to step S 56 . 
   In step S 51 , the direct-reading material is allocated on the designated page, and the operation moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 52 , it is determined whether or not the result of the allocation of the direct-reading material is allowable (“OK”). If it is determined that the result of the allocation of the direct-reading material is OK, the operation moves on to the next step. If it is determined that the result of the allocation of the direct-reading material is not allowable, the operation moves on to step S 55 . It is the user who decides whether or not the result of the allocation of the direct-reading material is allowable. 
   In step S 53 , the type space used in the allocating operation is registered in the page space management database  24  (see  FIG. 16 ). The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 54 , the item “page number” in the direct-reading material record is updated with the value of the designated page number. The operation then moves on to step S 56 . 
   In step S 55 , the contents of the completed allocating operation are erased, and the operation moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 56 , it is determined whether or not the allocating operation should be stopped, i.e., whether or not an instruction to stop the allocating operation has been issued from the user. If it is determined that the allocating operation should be stopped, the allocating operation comes to an end. If it is determined that the allocating operation should not be stopped, the allocating operation moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 57 , it is determined whether or not the allocating operation should be continued on the same designate page. If an instruction to continue the allocating operation on the same designated page is issued, the operation returns to step S 43 . If an instruction to perform the allocating operation on a different page is issued, the operation returns to step S 42 . 
     FIG. 13  shows an example of the initial setting of the page space management database. Each page space record in the page space management database comprises: page number (in a newspaper); the total space of the page; existence of any special space for additional materials; the entire special space for additional materials; the total of used special space for additional materials; the total of the used space on the page; and the additional material allocated position (see  FIGS. 11A to 11D ). 
   If “the entire special space for additional materials”, the value of the special areas for the additional materials shown in  FIG. 11B  is registered in the initial setting stage for the page space management database  24 . This value is also registered in “the total of the used space on the page” 
   The allocation in the special areas for additional materials is carried out within “the entire special space for additional materials”. Accordingly, the value of “the total of the used space on the page” is not changed by allocation of additional materials in the special areas for additional materials. On the other hand, the value of “the total of used special space for additional materials” is of course changed by allocation of additional materials. 
   The type space used in the page space management database  24  is calculated from data including basic character size, the number of characters, character pitch, the number of lines, line pitch, the number of columns, and column pitch. The user may specify the length and width of the type space. 
     FIG. 14  is a table of the criteria used in step S 48  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . The contents of the criteria vary with the allocated position of an additional material (see  FIGS. 11A to 11   d ). 
   (A) When the allocated position is the “immediate allocation position”, 
   the entire space of the designated page should be larger than the sum of the entire used space and the total type space  45  of the direct-reading material and the additional material to be allocated in the present operation. 
   (B) When the allocated position is in the “special space”, 
   the entire space of the designated page should be larger than the sum of the entire used space and the type space  41  of the direct-reading material to be allocated in the present operation, and 
   the entire special space for additional materials should be larger than the sum of the entire used special space for additional materials and the type space of the additional material to be allocated in the present operation (i.e., the total type space  45  of the linking management database—the type space  41  of the direct-reading material). 
   (C) When the allocated position is the “directly designated vacant position”, 
   the entire space of the designated page should be larger than the sum of the entire used space and the total type space  45  of the direct-reading material and the additional material to be allocated in the present operation. 
   This criterion is the same as in the case (A). 
   (D) When the allocated position is the “directly designated overlapping position”, 
   the entire space of the designated page should be larger than the sum of the entire used space and the type space  41  of the direct-reading material to be allocated in the present operation. 
     FIG. 15  is a flowchart of step S 49  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 , the detailed contents of which are as follows. 
   In step S 491 , the direct-reading material selected by the user is allocated in a non-allocated area (except the special space for additional materials) on the designated page. The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 492 , it is determined whether or not the “additional material allocated position” in the record of the designated page in the page space management database  24  is the “immediate allocation position”. If the “additional material allocated position” is the “immediate allocation position”, the operation moves on to the next step. If the “additional material allocated position” is not the “immediate allocation position”, the operation moves on to step S 494 . 
   In step S 493 , the additional material detected in step S 47  is allocated in a position that continues from the direct-reading material allocated position. The operation then moves on to step S 50  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . 
   In step S 494 , it is determined whether or not the “additional material allocated position” in the designated page record indicates the “special space”. If the “additional material allocated position” indicates the “special space”, the operation moves onto the next step. If the “additional material allocated position” does not indicate the “special space”, the operation moves on to step S 496 . 
   In step S 495 , the additional material detected in step S 47  is allocated in the special area for additional materials, and the operation then moves on to step S 50  in the flowchart of FIG&gt; 12 . 
   In step S 496 , it is determined whether or not the “additional material allocated position” in the designated page record is the “directly designated vacant position”. If the “additional material allocated position” is the “directly designated vacant position”, the operation moves on to the next step. If the “additional material allocated position” is not the “directly designated position “vacant space)”, the operation moves on to step S 498 . 
   In step S 497 , non-allocated areas (except the special areas for additional materials) are displayed on the display device  4 , and the additional material detected in step S 47  is allocated in a position among the non-allocated areas designated by the user. The operation then moves on to step S 50  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . 
   In step S 498 , allocated advertisement areas are displayed on the display device  4 , and the additional material detected in step S 47  is allocated in a position among the allocated advertisement areas designated by the user. The operation then moves on to step S 50  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . 
   Prior to the above allocating operation, the layout design mechanism  14  obtains layout information. 
   If it is determined in step S 496  that the additional material allocated position is neither the “directly designated vacant position” nor the “directly designated overlapping position”, the user is informed of that result and issues a further instruction. 
   If the allocated area of the additional material is larger than the allocated advertisement area, the user is notified of the fact and issues a further instruction. By doing so, the text can be prevented from being eliminated by the additional material. 
     FIG. 16  shows the detailed contents of step S 53  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . 
   In step S 531 , it is determined whether or not the “additional material allocated position” in the record of the designated page in the page space management database  24  is the “directly designated overlapping position”. If it is determined that the “additional material allocated position” in the record of the designated page is the “directly designated overlapping position”, the operation moves on to the next step. If it is determined that the “additional material allocated position” is not the “directly designated overlapping position”, the operation moves on to step S 533 . 
   In step S 532 , the item “the entire used space” in the record of the designated page is updated by the data of the type space  41  of the direct-reading material allocated in the present operation. The operation then moves on to step S 54  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . 
   In step S 533 , it is determined whether or not the “additional material allocated position” in the record of the designated page indicates the “special space”. If it is determined that the “additional material allocated position” indicates the “special space”, the operation moves on to the next step. If it is determined that the “additional material allocated position” does not indicate the “special space”, the operation moves on to step S 535 . 
   In step S 534 , the “entire used space” in the record of the designated page is updated by the data of the “type space  41 ” of the direct-reading material allocated in the present operation, and the “entire used special space for additional materials” in the record of the designated page is updated by the data of the “entire type space  44  (see FIG.  10 )” of the additional material allocated in the present operation. The operation then moves on to step S 54  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . 
   In step S 535 , the “entire used space” in the record of the designated page is updated by the data of the “total type space  45 ” of the linking record related to the record of the direct-reading material allocated in the present operation. The operation then moves on to step S 54  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . 
   The entire type space  44  of the additional material in step S 534  is calculated by subtracting the “type space  41 ” of the direct-reading material from the “total type space  45 ” of the linking record. 
   In step S 53 , a direct-reading material moved from step S 47  through step S 50  is processed only in step S 532  in  FIG. 16 . 
   If the “additional material allocated position” is neither the “immediate allocation position” nor the “directly designated vacant position”, the user is notified of the fact through the display, and issues a further instruction. 
     FIG. 17  is a flowchart of an operation of the information creating mechanism that includes an information creating program for non-allocated materials (see  FIG. 4 ). Prior to this information creating operation, the direct-reading management database  21   a  and the direct-reading file  21   b  are stored in the internal memory  16 . 
   In step S 61 , it is determined whether or not the direct-reading material management database  21   a  includes one or more direct-reading material records having the item “page number” as “none”. If it is determined that the direct-reading material management database  21   a  includes one or more direct-reading material record having the item “page number” as “none”, the operation moves on to the next step. If the direct-reading material management database  21   a  includes no direct-reading material record having the item “page number” as “none”, this information creating operation for non-allocated materials comes to an end. 
   In step S 62 , the material ID and the comments on a direct-reading material to be processed in this information creating operation are displayed as a list on the display device  4  (see  FIG. 21 ). The operation then moves on to the next step. Only direct-reading material records having the item “page number” as “none” are processed in this information creating operation. A user can selects one of such direct-reading material records displayed on the initial display shown in  FIG. 21 . 
   In step S 63 , the material detailed data of the direct-reading material selected by the user is retrieved from the displayed list and registered in the service center  6 . The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 64 , the storage address in the service center  6  is coded and stored in a storage address code file (non-allocated material file)  25   c . The file name of the storage address code file  25   c  is stored in the work area  17 . The information creating mechanism  15  automatically sets the file name of the storage address code file  25   c  including the material ID, for instance. 
   In step S 65 , points of the direct-reading material inputted by the user are stored in a material point file (non-allocated material file)  25   b , and the file name of the material point file  25   b  is stored in the work area  17 . The information creating mechanism  15  automatically sets the file name of the material point file  25   b  including the material ID, for instance. 
   In step S 66 , the type space for placing the storage address code and the points of the material in the newspaper is calculated. The operation then moves on to the next step. The type space of the storage address code and the points of the material are calculated in the same manner as descried before. 
   In step S 67 , the data of the file name and the type space are correlated with the material ID of the direct-reading material, and are stored in a non-allocated material management database  25   a  (see  FIG. 18 ). The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 68 , the direct-reading material in the list is highlighted on the display, and an information creating operation completed flag is set at “1” in the direct-material record in the direct-material management database  21   a . The operation then moves on to the next step. 
   In step S 69 , it is determined whether or not the information creating operation should be continued, i.e., whether or not an instruction to stop the information creating operation has been issued from the user. If it is determined that the information creating operation should be continued, the operation moves on to the next step. If it is determined that the information creating operation should not be continued, the operation moves on to step S 71 . 
   In step S 70 , it is determined whether or not the list on the display should be changed, i.e., whether or not an instruction to change the list has been issued from the user. If it is determined that the list should be changed, the operation returns to step S 62 . If it is that the list should not be changed, the operation returns to step S 63 . 
   In step S 71 , the same allocating process as the process of step S 50  and the following steps in  FIG. 12  is performed on the non-allocated material management database  25   a  by the layout design mechanism  14 . In this allocating process, the “direct-reading material” in  FIG. 12  should be replaced by the “non-allocated material”. The information creating operation for non-allocated materials then comes to an end. 
     FIG. 18  shows the non-allocated material management database. Each non-allocated material record in the non-allocated material management database  25   a  comprises: the material ID of a direct-reading material; the file name of the material point file  25   b ; the file name of the storage address code file  25   c ; and the type space of the points of the material and the storage address code. 
     FIG. 19  shows the initial state of a material selecting display. This display is used in step S 46  and step S 47  in the flowchart of  FIG. 12 . A user can designate a type of a material (all, picture, text, or advertisement), an inplementor, an undated date, a type space, and a material ID. In accordance with the designated contents, the display device  4  displays a list of direct-reading materials that satisfy the designated conditions. 
     FIG. 20  shows an inputted state of a material point selecting display. This material point selecting display comprises a point display portion and a point input display portion, and is used in the material point inputting process in step S 65  in the flowchart of  FIG. 17 . 
     FIG. 21  shows the initial state of a non-allocated material selecting display. This display is used in step S 62  for displaying a list of the material ID and comments on a direct-reading material to be processed in the information creating operation for non-allocated materials. The range of the display can be controlled by specifying the material selecting conditions in the same manner as in the initial state of the material selecting display of  FIG. 19 . 
     FIG. 22  is a schematic view of a computer system that reads a program from a computer-readable recording medium and executes the program. In  FIG. 22 , reference numeral  9  indicates the computer system. Reference numeral  91  indicates a main device that houses the CPU, a disk drive, and the likes. Reference numeral  92  indicates a display unit that displays an image in compliance with an instruction from the main device  91 . Reference numeral  93  indicates the screen of the display unit  92 . Reference numeral  94  indicates a keyboard for inputting various kinds of information into the computer system  9 . Reference numeral  95  indicates a mouse for designating a desired position on the screen  93 . Reference numeral  96  indicates an external database (a memory such as a DASD). Reference numeral  97  indicates a modem for accessing the external database  96 . Reference numeral  98  indicates a mobile recording medium such as a CD-ROM or floppy disk. 
   The recording medium that stores programs may be the external database  96  on the program provider side, the mobile recording medium  98 , or a RAM or hard disk in the main device  91 . Any of the programs can be loaded in the main device  91  and executed in the main memory. 
   The present invention is not limited to the specifically disclosed embodiments, but variations and modifications may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention. 
   The present application is based on Japanese priority application No. 11-156824, filed on Jun. 3, 1999, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.