Abstract:
The present invention relates to lipolytic enzymes and DNA sequences encoding same. More specifically, the present invention relates to the lipolytic enzyme and DNA encoding same isolated from  Acremonium berkeleyanum  CBS 301.38 and analogues thereof.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]    This application claims under 35 U.S.C. 119 priority from Danish application nos. PA 2000 00990, filed Jun. 26, 2000, and PA 2000 01172, filed Aug. 4, 2000, and the benefit of U.S. provisional application no. 60/215265, filed Jun. 30, 2000, the contents of which are fully incorporated herein by reference. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    The present invention relates to lipolytic enzymes, methods of using and producing lipolytic enzymes, as well as nucleic acid sequence encoding same.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    Lipolytic enzymes (such as lipases and phospholipases) are capable of hydrolyzing carboxylic ester bonds in a substrate to release carboxylic acids. They are known to be useful, e.g., in baking and detergents.  
           [0004]    A lipase from  Fusarium heterosporum  and its sequence are known. Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering, 75 (5), p 349-352, 1993. Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo), 116 (3), p 536-540, 1994.  
           [0005]    Some isolates of Acremonium are known to produce lipase. Roberts et al., Mycologia, 79, 265-273, 1987. Satyanarayana &amp; Johri, Current Science, 50, 680-682, 1981.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0006]    The inventors have isolated a lipolytic enzyme from a strain of  Acremonium berkeleyanum.  The inventors also isolated the gene encoding the novel lipolytic enzyme and cloned it into an  E. coli  strain.  
           [0007]    Accordingly, the invention provides a lipolytic enzyme which may be a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence as the mature peptide shown in SEQ ID NO:1.  
           [0008]    Further, the lipolytic enzyme of the invention may be a polypeptide encoded by the lipolytic enzyme encoding part of the DNA sequence cloned into a plasmid present in  Escherichia coli  deposit number DSM 13538.  
           [0009]    The lipolytic enzyme may also be an analogue of the polypeptide defined above which:  
           [0010]    i) has at least 70% homology with said polypeptide,  
           [0011]    ii) is immunologically reactive with an antibody raised against said polypeptide in purified form,  
           [0012]    iii) is an allelic variant of said polypeptide,  
           [0013]    The lipolytic enzyme of the invention may also be a polypeptide which is encoded by a nucleic acid sequence which hybridizes under high stringency conditions with a complementary strand of the nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1 encoding the mature polypeptide or a subsequence thereof having at least 100 nucleotides.  
           [0014]    The nucleic acid sequence of the invention may comprise a nucleic acid sequence which encodes the lipolytic enzyme described above. The nucleic acid sequence may also comprise:  
           [0015]    a) the DNA sequence encoding a mature lipolytic enzyme cloned into a plasmid present in  Escherichia coli  DSM 13538,  
           [0016]    b) the DNA sequence encoding a mature lipolytic enzyme shown in SEQ ID NO:1, or  
           [0017]    c) an analogue of the DNA sequence defined in a) or b) which  
           [0018]    i) has at least 70% homology with said DNA sequence, or  
           [0019]    ii) hybridizes at high stringency with said DNA sequence, its complementary strand or a subsequence thereof.  
           [0020]    Other aspects of the invention provide a recombinant expression vector comprising the DNA sequence, and a cell transformed with the DNA sequence or the recombinant expression vector.  
           [0021]    A comparison with full-length prior-art sequences shows that the mature amino acid sequence of the invention has 67% homology with the lipase from  Fusarium heterosporum  described above, and the corresponding DNA sequence of the invention shows 68% homology with that of the  F. heterosporum  enzyme.  
         DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
         [0022]    Genomic DNA source  
           [0023]    A lipolytic enzyme of the invention may be derived from a strain of Acremonium, particularly  A. berkeleyanum,  using probes designed on the basis of the DNA sequences in this specification. One such strain is  A. berkeleyanum  CBS 301.38, publicly available from Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Baarn-Delft, the Netherlands.  
           [0024]    A strain of  Escherichia coli  containing a gene encoding lipolytic enzyme was deposited by the inventors under the terms of the Budapest Treaty with the DSMZ—Deutshe Sammmlung von Microorganismen und Zelikulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig DE, Germany. The deposit date was Jun. 15, 2000, and the accession number was DSM 13538.  
           [0025]    Properties of Lipolytic Enzyme  
           [0026]    The lipolytic enzyme is able to hydrolyze carboxylic ester bonds and is classified as EC 3.1.1 according to Enzyme Nomenclature 1992, Academic Press, Inc. The enzyme has lipase (triacylglycerol lipase) activity (EC 3.1.1.3) and may also have phospholipase activity.  
           [0027]    Recombinant Expression Vector  
           [0028]    The expression vector of the invention typically includes control sequences encoding a promoter, operator, ribosome binding site, translation initiation signal, and, optionally, a selectable marker, a transcription terminator, a repressor gene or various activator genes. The vector may be an autonomously replicating vector, or it may be integrated into the host cell genome.  
           [0029]    Production by Cultivation of Transformant  
           [0030]    The lipolytic enzyme of the invention may be produced by transforming a suitable host cell with a DNA sequence encoding the lipolytic enzyme, cultivating the transformed organism under conditions permitting the production of the enzyme, and recovering the enzyme from the culture.  
           [0031]    The host organism is preferably a eukaryotic cell, in particular a fungal cell, such as a yeast cell or a filamentous fungal cell, e.g. a strain of Aspergillus, Fusarium, Trichoderma or Saccharomyces, particularly  A. niger, A. oryzae, F. graminearum, F. sambucinum, F. cerealis  or  S. cerevisiae.  The production of the lipolytic enzyme in such host organisms may be done by the general methods described in EP 238,023 (Novo Nordisk), WO 96/00787 (Novo Nordisk) or EP 244,234 (Alko).  
           [0032]    Hybridization  
           [0033]    The hybridization is used to indicate that a given DNA sequence is analogous to a nucleotide probe corresponding to a DNA sequence of the invention. The hybridization conditions are described in detail below.  
           [0034]    Suitable conditions for determining hybridization between a nucleotide probe and a homologous DNA or RNA sequence involves presoaking of the filter containing the DNA fragments or RNA to hybridize in 5×SSC (standard saline citrate) for 10 min, and prehybridization of the filter in a solution of 5×SSC (Sambrook et al. 1989), 5×Denhardt&#39;s solution (Sambrook et al. 1989), 0.5% SDS and 100 μg/ml of denatured sonicated salmon sperm DNA (Sambrook et al. 1989), followed by hybridization in the same solution containing a random-primed (Feinberg, A. P. and Vogelstein, B. (1983)  Anal. Biochem.  132:6-13),  32 P-dCTP-labeled (specific activity&gt;1×10 9  cpm/μg) probe for 12 hours at approx. 45° C. The filter is then washed two times for 30 minutes in 2×SSC, 0.5% SDS at a temperature of at least 55° C., more preferably at least 60° C., more preferably at least 65° C., even more preferably at least 70° C., especially at least 75° C.  
           [0035]    Molecules to which the oligonucleotide probe hybridizes under these conditions are detected using an x-ray film.  
           [0036]    Alignment and Homology  
           [0037]    The present invention also includes lipolytic enzymes and nucleotide sequences encoding same that have homology to the disclosed sequences. More preferably, the lipolytic enzymes and the nucleotide sequences of the invention may have homologies to the disclosed sequences of at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90% or at least 95%, e.g. at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%.  
           [0038]    For purposes of the present invention, alignments of sequences and calculation of homology scores were done using a Needleman-Wunsch alignment (i.e. global alignment), useful for both protein and DNA alignments. The default scoring matrices BLOSUM50 and the identity matrix are used for protein and DNA alignments respectively. The penalty for the first residue in a gap is −12 for proteins and −16 for DNA, while the penalty for additional residues in a gap is −2 for proteins and −4 for DNA. Alignment is from the FASTA package version v20u6 (W. R. Pearson and D. J. Lipman (1988), “Improved Tools for Biological Sequence Analysis”, PNAS 85:2444-2448, and W. R. Pearson (1990) “Rapid and Sensitive Sequence Comparison with FASTP and FASTA”, Methods in Enzymology, 183:63-98).  
           [0039]    Lipase Activity (LU)  
           [0040]    A substrate for lipase is prepared an emulsion of 5% by volume of tributyrin (glycerin tributyrate) using 0.1% gum Arabic as emulsifier. The hydrolysis of tributyrin at 30° C. at pH 7 is followed in a pH-stat titration experiment. One unit of lipase activity (1 LU) equals the amount of enzyme capable of releasing 1 μmol butyric acid/min at the standard conditions. 1 KLU=1000 LU.  
           [0041]    Use of Lipolytic Enzyme  
           [0042]    The lipolytic enzyme of the invention can be used in various industrial application of lipolytic enzymes, e.g. in baking, detergents, diglyceride synthesis (EP 307154), acidolysis, interesterification (WO 8802775), ester hydrolysis, oil degumming (JP-A 2-153997, U.S. Pat. No. 5,264,367), production of lysolecithin (JP patent 2794574, JP-B 6-087751) and in the process described in PCT/DK 00/00109.  
           [0043]    Use in Baking  
           [0044]    The lipolytic enzyme of the invention can be used in the preparation of dough, bread and cakes, e.g. to improve the elasticity of the bread or cake. Thus, the lipolytic enzyme can be used in a process for making bread, comprising adding the lipolytic enzyme to the ingredients of a dough, kneading the dough and baking the dough to make the bread. This can be done in analogy with WO 9404035 and EP 585988.  
           [0045]    Use in Detergent  
           [0046]    The variant may be used as a detergent additive, e.g. at a concentration (expressed as pure enzyme protein) of 0.001-10 (e.g. 0.01-1) mg per gram of detergent or 0.001-100 (e.g. 0.01-10) mg per liter of wash liquor.  
           [0047]    The detergent composition of the invention may for example be formulated as a hand or machine laundry detergent composition including a laundry additive composition suitable for pre-treatment of stained fabrics and a rinse added fabric softener composition, or be formulated as a detergent composition for use in general household hard surface cleaning operations. In a laundry detergent, the variant may be effective for the removal of fatty stains, for whiteness maintenance and for dingy cleanup. A laundry detergent composition may be formulated as described in WO 97/04079, WO 97/07202, WO 97/41212, PCT/DK WO 98/08939 and WO 97/43375.  
           [0048]    The detergent composition of the invention may particularly be formulated for hand or machine dishwashing operations. e.g. as described in GB 2,247,025 (Unilever) or WO 99/01531 (Procter &amp; Gamble). In a dishwashing composition, the variant may be effective for removal of greasy/oily stains, for prevention of the staining/discoloration of the dishware and plastic components of the dishwasher by highly colored components and the avoidance of lime soap deposits on the dishware.  
           [0049]    Materials and Methods  
           [0050]    Methods  
           [0051]    Unless otherwise stated, DNA manipulations and transformations were performed using standard methods of molecular biology as described in Sambrook et al. (1989) Molecular cloning: A laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor lab., Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Ausubel, F. M. et al. (eds.) “Current protocols in Molecular Biology”, John Wiley and Sons, 1995; Harwood, C. R., and Cutting, S. M. (eds.) “Molecular Biological Methods for Bacillus”. John Wiley and Sons, 1990.  
           [0052]    Enzymes  
           [0053]    Enzymes for DNA manipulations (e.g. restriction endonucleases, ligases etc.) are obtainable from New England Biolabs, Inc. and were used according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions.  
           [0054]    Plasmids/Vectors  
           [0055]    pT7Blue (Invitrogen, Netherlands)  
           [0056]    Cloning  
           [0057]    LA PCR™ in vitro Cloning Kit (TaKaRa) was used for cloning and was used according to the manufacturer&#39;s instructions.  
           [0058]    Microbial Strains  
           [0059]    [0059] E. coli  JM109 (TOYOBO, Japan)  
           [0060]    [0060] E. coli  JM110 (Invitrogen)  
           [0061]    [0061] E. coli  DB6507 (F,pnrF74::Tn5,seupE44, lacY1, ara-14,galK2, xyl-5, mtl-1, leuB6, proA2, hsdS20, recA13, rpsL20, thi-1, lambda-)  
           [0062]    [0062] A. oryzae  BECh-2 is described in Danish patent application PA 1999 01726. It is a mutant of JaL 228 (described in WO 98/12300) which is a mutant of IFO 4177.  
           [0063]    Reagents  
           [0064]    Media and Reagents  
           [0065]    Cove: 342.3 g/L Sucrose, 20 ml/L COVE salt solution, 10 mM Acetamide, 30 g/L noble agar.  
           [0066]    Cove-2: 30 g/L Sucrose, 20 ml/L COVE salt solution, 10 mM, Acetamide, 30 g/L noble agar.  
           [0067]    Cove salt solution: per liter 26 g KCl, 26 g MgSO4-7aq, 76 g KH2PO4, 50 ml Cove trace metals.  
           [0068]    Cove trace metals: per liter 0.04 g NaB4O7-10aq, 0.4 g CuSO4-5aq, 1.2 g FeSO4-7aq, 0.7 g MnSO4-aq, 0.7 g Na2MoO2-2aq, 0.7 g ZnSO4-7aq.  
           [0069]    AMG trace metals: per liter 14.3 g ZnSO4-7aq, 2.5 g CuSO4-5aq, 0.5 g NiCl2, 13.8 g FeSO4, 8.5 g MnSO4, 3.0 g citric acid.  
           [0070]    YPG: 4 g/L Yeast extract, 1 g/L KH2PO4, 0.5 g/L MgSO4-7aq, 5 g/L Glucose, pH 6.0.  
           [0071]    STC: 0.8 M Sorbitol, 25 mM Tris pH 8, 25 mM CaCl2.  
           [0072]    STPC: 40% PEG4000 in STC buffer.  
           [0073]    Cove top agarose: 342.3 g/L Sucrose, 20 ml/L COVE salt solution, 10 mM Acetamide, 10 g/L low melt agarose.  
           [0074]    MS-9: per liter 30 g soybean powder, 20 g glycerol, pH 6.0.  
           [0075]    MDU-pH5: per liter 45 g maltose-laq, 7 g yeast extract, 12 g KH2PO4, 1 g MgSO4-7aq, 2 g K2SO4, 0.5 ml AMG trace metal solution and 25 g 2-morpholinoethanesulfonic acid, pH 5.0. 
       
    
    
     EXAMPLES  
     Example 1  
       [0076]    Cloning and Expression of Lipase Gene from  Acremonium berkeleyanum    
         [0077]    Transformation in Aspergillus strain  
         [0078]    [0078] Aspergillus oryzae  strain BECh-2 was inoculated to 100 ml of YPG medium and incubated for 16 hrs at 32° C. at 120 rpm. Pellets were collected and washed with 0.6 M KCl, and resuspended 20 ml 0.6 M KCl containing a commercial β-glucanase product (Glucanex, product of Novo Nordisk A/S) at the concentration of 30 μl/ml. Cultures were incubated at 32° C. at 60 rpm until protoplasts formed, then washed with STC buffer twice. The protoplasts were counted with a hematometer and resuspended in an 8:2:0.1 solution of STC:STPC:DMSO to a final concentration of 2.5×10e7 protoplasts/ml. About 3 μg of DNA was added to 100 μl of protoplasts solution, mixed gently and incubated on ice for 30 min. One ml of SPTC was added and incubated 30 min at 37° C. After the addition of 10 ml of 50° C. Cove top agarose, the reaction was poured onto Cove agar plate. Transformation plates were incubated at 32° C. for 5 days.  
         [0079]    PCR Screening of Lipase  
         [0080]    A strain of  Acremonium berkeleyanum  was used as a genomic DNA supplier.  
         [0081]    PCR reactions on  Acremonium berkeleyanum  genomic DNA was done with two following primer sets: lip3/lip11 and lip10/lip21 designed based upon the alignment 3 lipases from Fusarium.  
                                       lip3:   5′-carcayggigcigcigcitaytg-3′                       lip11:   5′-aaicciiirtgiaciccrcaicc-3′                       lip10:   5′-ggitgyggigticayiiiggitt-3′                       lip21:   5′-tciswigtytgickrtaiccraa-3′          
 
         [0082]    Reaction components (2.5 ng/μl of genomic DNA, 250 mM dNTP each, primer 250 nM each, 0.1 U/μl in Taq polymerase in 1× buffer (Roche Diagnostics, Japan)) were mixed and submitted for PCR under the following conditions.  
                                                                       Step   Temperature   Time                                1   94° C.   1   min       2   50° C.   1   min       3   72° C.   2   min       4   72° C.   10   min            5    4° C.   forever                  
 
         [0083]    Steps 1 to 3 were repeated 30 times.  
         [0084]    340 bp of fragment and 330 bp of fragment were amplified from primer sets of lip3/lip11 and lip10/lip21, respectively. They were gel-purified with GFX™ PCR DNA and Gel Band Purification kit (amersham pharmacia biotech) and ligated into a pT7Blue vector with ligation high (TOYOBO, Japan). The ligation mixtures were transformed into  E. coli  JM109. The resultant plasmids, pTAc-0310 and pTAc-1021, were sequenced and compared to the  Fusarium oxysporum  lipase, showing that a clone encodes the internal part of the lipase.  
         [0085]    Cloning of Lipase Gene  
         [0086]    In order to clone the missing part of the lipase gene, LA PCR™ in vitro Cloning Kit (TaKaRa) was used for genome walking. One kb of DNA fragment corresponding to N-terimal region was obtained from Sal I digested genome ligated to Sal I cassette of the kit with AcN3 primer. One kb of DNA fragment corresponding to C-terminal region was obtained from Hind III digested genome ligated to Hind III cassette of the kit with AcC3 primer.  
                                       AcN3:   tggatccgccgcacttcacagcttgacccg                       AcC3:   cggcaacggtgtcttctctaacttcgtcagcc          
 
         [0087]    Obtained fragments were purified by GFX™ PCR DNA and Gel Band Purification kit (amersham pharmacia biotech) and sequenced with each primer which amplified the fragment. The sequences were compared to  Fusarium oxysporum  lipase, showing that an amplified DNA fragments encodes the whole part of lipase.  
         [0088]    The fidelity of taq polymerase is not good so in order to get the right sequence whole gene was amplified the following primers.  
                               152-N (Bcl):   5′-tattatcatgatcaatgctcgccctatcccttctttct-3′                   152-C(Xho):   5′-ccgctcgagctacaacccagccacaaagtccttgtc-3′          
 
         [0089]    Reaction components (6 ng/μl of genomic DNA, 250 mM dNTP each, primer 250 nM each, 0.05 U/μl of Expand high fidelity polymerase in 1× buffer (Roche Diagnostics, Japan)) were mixed and submitted for PCR under the following conditions.  
                                                                                                                       Step   Temperature   Time                                1   94° C.   2   min       2   94° C.   10   sec       3   55° C.   30   sec       4   68° C.   45   sec            step 2-4 repeat 10 times            5   94° C.   10   sec       6   55° C.   30   sec       7   68° C.   45   sec               +20   sec/cycle            step 5-7, repeat 20 times            8   68° C.   7   min            7    4° C.   forever                  
 
         [0090]    Amplified DNA fragment was gel-purified with GFX™ PCR DNA and Gel Band Purification kit (amersham pharmacia biotech) and ligated into a pT7Blue vector with ligation high (TOYOBO, Japan). The ligation mixtures were transformed into  E. coli  JM109. The resultant plasmids, pT152-1 and pT152-2, were sequenced and they are identical. pT152-1 sequence is defined as  Acremonium berkeleyanum  lipase nucleotide sequence.  
         [0091]    Construction of Expression Plasmid pMT 2188.  
         [0092]    [0092] Aspergillus oryzae  expression plasmid pCaHj 483 (described in WO 98/00529) consists of an expression cassette based on the  Aspergillus niger  neutral amylase II promoter fused to the  Aspergillus nidulans  triose phosphate isomerase non translated leader sequence (Pna2/tpi) and the  Aspergillus niger  amyloglycosidase terminater (Tamg). Also present on the plasmid is the Aspergillus selective marker amdS from  Aspergillus nidulans  enabling growth on acetamide as sole nitrogen source. These elements were cloned into the  E. coli  vector pUC19. The ampicillin resistance marker enabling selection in  E. coli  of this plasmid was replaced with the URA3 marker of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  that can complement a pyrF mutation in  E. coli  in the following way:  
         [0093]    The pUC19 origin of replication was PCR amplified from pCaHj483 with the primers:  
                           142779:   TTG AAT TGA AAA TAG ATT GAT TTA AAA CTT C               142780:   TTG CAT GCG TAA TCA TGG TCA TAG C          
 
         [0094]    The primer 142780 introduces a Bbu I site in the PCR fragment.  
         [0095]    The Expand PCR system (Roche Molecular Biochemicals, Basel, Switserland) was used for the amplification following the manufacturers instructions for this and the subsequent PCR amplifications.  
         [0096]    The URA3 gene was amplified from the general  S. cerevisiae  cloning vector pYES2 (Invitrogen corporation, Carlsbad, Calif., USA) using the primers:  
                           140288:   TTG AAT TCA TGG GTA ATA ACT GAT AT               142778:   AAA TCA ATC TAT TTT CAA TTC AAT TCA TCA TT          
 
         [0097]    The primer 140288 introduces an EcoR I site in the PCR fragment.  
         [0098]    The two PCR fragments were fused by mixing them and amplifying using the primers 142780 and 140288 using the splicing by overlap method (Horton et al (1989) Gene, 77, 61-68).  
         [0099]    The resulting fragment was digested with EcoR I and Bbu I and ligated to the largest fragment of pCaHj 483 digested with the same enzymes. The ligation mixture was used to transform the pyrF −    E. coli  strain DB6507 (ATCC 35673) made competent by the method of Mandel and Higa (Mandel, M. and A. Higa (1970) J. Mol. Biol. 45, 154). Transformants were selected on solid M9 medium (Sambrook et. al (1989) Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual, 2. edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press) supplemented with 1 g/l casaminoacids, 500 μg/l thiamine and 10 mg/l kanamycin.  
         [0100]    A plasmid from such a transformant was termed pCaHj 527.  
         [0101]    ThePna2/tpi promoter present on pCaHj527 was subjected to site directed mutagenises by a simple PCR approach.  
         [0102]    Nucleotide 134-144 was altered from GTACTAMACC to CCGTTAAATTT using the mutagenic primer 141223:  
                           141223:   GGA TGC TGT TGA CTC CGG AAA TTT AAC GGT TTG GTC           TTG CAT CCC.          
 
         [0103]    Nucleotide 423-436 was altered from ATGCMTTTAAACT to CGGCMTTTMCGG using the mutagenic primer 141222:  
                           141222:   GGT ATT GTC CTG CAG ACG GCA ATT TAA CGG CTT           CTG CGA ATC GC.          
 
         [0104]    The resulting plasmid was termed pMT 2188.  
         [0105]    Expression of Lipase Gene in  Aspergillus oryzae.    
         [0106]    The plasmid pT152-1 was transformed to JM110 and non-methylated pT152-1 was extracted. The lipase gene was digested from non-methylated pT152-1 with Bcl I and Xho I and ligated into the BamH I and XhoI sites in the Aspergillus expression cassette pMT2188 which has  Aspergillus niger  neutral amylase promoter,  Aspergillus nidulans  TPI leader sequences,  Aspergillus niger  glucoamylase terminator and  Aspergillus nidulans  amdS gene as a marker and  Saccharomyces cerevisiae  URA3 gene as a marker for a plasmid construction. The ligation mixture was transformed  E. coli  6507 by electroporation and the resultant plasmid was pNL152-3 (24).  
         [0107]    pNL152-3 (24) was transformed into  Aspergillus oryzae  BECh-2. The selected transformants were inoculated in 100 ml of MS-9 media and cultivated at 30° C. for 1 day. 3 ml of grown cell in MS-9 medium was inoculated to 100 ml of MDU-2BP medium and cultivated at 32° C. for 3 days. The supernatant was obtained by centrifugation.  
         [0108]    The lipase productivity of selected transformants was determined as LU activity.  
 
     
       
       
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                 SEQUENCE LISTING 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 lip3: 
                 5′-carcayggigcigcigcitaytg-3′ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 lip11: 
                 5′-aaicciiirtgiaciccrcaicc-3′ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 lip10: 
                 5′-ggitgyggigticayiiiggitt-3′ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 lip21: 
                 5′-tciswigtytgickrtaiccraa-3′ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AcN3: 
                 tggatccgccgcacttcacagcttgacccg 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 AcC3: 
                 cggcaacggtgtcttctctaacttcgtcagcc 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 152-N (Bcl): 
                 5′-tattatcatgatcaatgctcgccctatcccttctttct-3′ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 152-C(Xho): 
                 5′-ccgctcgagctacaacccagccacaaagtccttgtc-3′ 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 142779: 
                 TTG AAT TGA AAA TAG ATT GAT TTA AAA CTT C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 142780: 
                 TTG CAT GCG TAA TCA TGG TCA TAG C 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 140288: 
                 TTG AAT TCA TGG GTA ATA ACT GAT AT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 142778: 
                 AAA TCA ATC TAT TTT CAA TTC AAT TCA TCA TT 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 141223: 
                 GGA TGC TGT TGA CTC CGG AAA TTT AAC GGT TTG GTC 
               
               
                   
                 TTG CAT CCC. 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 141222: 
                 GGT ATT GTC CTG CAG ACG GCA ATT TAA CGG CTT CTG 
               
               
                   
                 CGA ATC GC.