Abstract:
A fuseless power supply regulator circuit is provided for a gate security system. The circuit has sub-circuitry and components to monitor current levels of current from an unregulated power supply and to stop the follow of current into the circuit when the unregulated supply is providing an excessive amount of current and/or the gate security system is drawing an excessive amount of current as a result of a short or otherwise. The sub-circuitry continues to monitor current levels of current coming from the unregulated power supply and when the current levels drop to acceptable levels reopens the main circuit and allows current to flow into the power supply regulation circuit and on into the power supply circuit.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to method and apparatus for preventing a circuit overload. More particularly it relates to a fuseless method and apparatus that prevents circuit overload in a security system and automatically resets the system for continued operation after correction of the problem causing the overload.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    Security systems that provide limited access to gated communities and other restricted access areas rely on various types of power supplies to operate the gate, gate controller and related accessories. Often these are unregulated DC or AC power supplies. In order to provide the circuit with a constant and consistent flow of current at required voltage levels the system includes a voltage regulator. Typically the voltage regulator also includes a fuse or circuit breaker to protect the system from overload.  
           [0003]    An overload generally occurs when current entering the circuit becomes excessive and reaches levels that can damage or destroy the circuit. A fuse typically is a filament encapsulated in glass or some other inert non-conductive material. When a fuse is placed in a circuit if the circuit experiences an overload the filament of the fuse burns out and thereby shuts the circuit down. A circuit breaker works in a similar fashion, when the circuit experiences an overload due to excessive current the heat generated by the overload causes the breaker to open and shut the system down.  
           [0004]    Thus, when the current levels reach excessive levels based on the tolerances of the fuse, it burns out or the circuit breaker opens to create an open circuit and thus protect the circuit. However, once the fuse bums out or the circuit breaker opens, the system needs servicing. In order to reset the circuit and make it operational, power to the circuit has to be shut off, the fuse replaced or breaker reset, the problem causing the overload identified and corrected, and the power turned back on. Such a procedure can be costly and time consuming. Since most gate security systems operate outdoors they are particularly susceptible to problems that can cause an overload of the circuit. These can include small animals or insects crawling into the housing and causing a short in the circuit. Heavy rain or excessive humidity can also cause shorts and temporary overloads. Since such events can often happen at inopportune times when a trained technician is not available, those depending on the security system for access to and from a restricted area served by the malfunctioning security system are left without an adequate alternative short of shutting the system down and leaving the gate open until it can be serviced. Additionally, the cause of the overload can be a transient occurrence that may correct itself or readily apparent cause that can be easily corrected. In such an instance the power to the system still has to be shut down, the fuse replaced or circuit breaker reset and the power turned back on. Additionally, if a technician is called for service to the unit they often have to go through a trial and error process of shutting the power off, determine the cause, reset the breaker or fuse and turn it back on, perhaps several times before determining what the problem causing the overload is.  
           [0005]    Thus, what is needed is gate security system that will automatically reset itself and recommence operation as soon as the problem causing the overload is removed. A system that does not require a trial and error troubleshooting process of shutting down of power to the system and replacement of fuses or resetting of circuit breakers several times until the cause of the overload or short is finally discovered.  
         SUMMARY  
         [0006]    It is an objective of the present invention to provide a system and method for monitoring current levels in the circuitry of a security system and protecting its circuits from an overload and resetting the circuit for continued operation without the need for replacing fuses and resetting circuit breakers upon removal of the conditions causing the overload.  
           [0007]    These and other objectives are achieved by providing a fuseless security system power supply circuit with overload protection that includes: a) a current sensor for sensing the levels of current entering a circuit; b) a controller that monitors current levels sensed by said current sensor; c) a switch responsive to said controller wherein said controller opens said switch to thereby turn off current entering the circuit when a specific current level is sensed; and d) wherein said controller continues to periodically senses current levels at said current sensor and closes said switch when current levels reach a preset level and thereby allow current to flow into the circuit again.  
           [0008]    In a further aspect of the present invention it monitors voltage being provided to the security system and provides a regulated supply of voltage to the circuitry of the security system. In yet another aspect of the system when it is experiencing an overload condition, it momentarily allows the circuitry of the security system to draw current to determine if the security circuitry will continue to draw an excessive amount of current and thereby determine if the security system can be reset and allowed to recommence operations.  
           [0009]    In another aspect of the present invention it provides a method for preventing overload in a security system circuit, the method includes the following steps of: a) monitoring current levels of current entering a security system circuit; b) shutting the circuit down when the current levels reach a preset level; c) indicating that the circuit is experiencing and overload; d) continuing to sample the current being supplied for the circuit; e) determining when the current levels of the current being supplied to the circuit have fallen to acceptable levels; f) resetting the circuit to accept current for operation after determining the current levels have fallen to acceptable levels; and g) continuing to monitor the current levels after resetting of the circuit. In yet a further aspect of the method includes momentarily allowing the circuit to draw current to determine the levels at which the circuit is drawing current have returned to acceptable levels. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0010]    The invention will be better understood by an examination of the following description, together with the accompanying drawings, in which:  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the major functional components of a preferred embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of discrete circuit elements that make up a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 3 is a flow chart depicting the operation of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT  
       [0014]    [0014]FIG. 1 provides a block type of diagram of the major functional parts of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Electrical power supplied by power supply  23  to system  25  first passes through current sensor  27 . During normal operation the current passes through switching device  29  and then onto filter  31  and finally through voltage monitor  33  and then on into the system  36  for which the power  35  is being supplied. The variety of systems to which the power can be supplied are too numerous to mention suffice it to say that in one preferred implementation the system  25  would be providing power to a security system  36 .  
         [0015]    Controller  37 , in a preferred embodiment of the invention, monitors both the current levels from power supply  23  and the voltage levels at voltage monitor  33 . If the controller  37  in monitoring current sensor  27  determines that the current levels have increased to the point that the system is carrying too much of a load it stops the flow of current and thereby shuts the system down by activating switching device  29 . When the system activates switching device  29  to shut the system down, indicator  39 , an LED or similar device, turns on to signal an overload or short exists in the system. At this point controller  37  will continue to monitor with current sensor  27  the current levels from power supply  23 . When the current levels fall to a safe level controller  37  will activate switching device  29  and thereby allow current to flow through filter  31  and voltage monitor  33  into the system  36  to which power is being supplied. Consequently, controller  37  and current sensor  27  replace the standard fuse or circuit breaker that are almost universally used to prevent overload in the circuits of electrical systems utilized to prevent damage to these circuits. However, controller  37  does even more than this. A circuit or system protected by a fuse or circuit breaker typically requires the termination of power to the system and either the physical replacement of the fuse or the resetting of the circuit breaker. If the problem causing the overload has not been properly diagnosed and corrected the fuse or circuit breaker will again blow and require the system be disconnected again from the power supply while the system is again examined to determine the cause of the overload. Once determined the system is again reconnected to the power supply after the fuse is replaced or circuit breaker reset. This can continue for some time until the problem is solved.  
         [0016]    On the other hand controller  37  together with current sensor  27  act in a sense as a “smart fuse or breaker”. Controller  37  continues either continuously or periodically to monitor the current levels in sensor  27  and when the levels drop to a predetermined safe level activates switching device  29  and thereby automatically reset system  25  to recommence providing power. Assuming the individual trouble shooting the circuit takes proper precautions when working on the circuit to avoid injury or it is a low enough power system that it will not injure the person working on the system this eliminates the time consuming need turn the power off and reset the system after possible causes of the overload are explored. As soon as the problem is discovered and removed the system will automatically reset itself and recommence supplying power. The present invention has the additional advantage in that it will automatically reset itself and recommence operations without outside intervention after being disrupted by transient problems that cause an overload but pass or clear up on their own. Such transient phenomena can be caused by power surges from an unregulated power supply or other sources, dampness that may be caused by a rain storm but clears up when the sun or dry weather returns etc.  
         [0017]    The cause of the overload could be a problem in the power supply regulator circuitry  25  or the security system  36 , such as a short. Consequently, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention the controller  37  periodically for momentary periods turns on switch  29  to determine if the regulator circuitry or the security system circuitry will continue to draw excessive amounts of current. Naturally, if the regulator circuitry  25  or the security system  36  circuitry continue to draw excessive amounts of current it will continue to keep switch  29  shut off. On the other hand if it determines, based on readings from current sensor  27  that the regulator circuitry  25  or the security system circuitry  36  no longer draws excessive amounts of current it will turn switch  29  back on to allow the system to recommence normal operations. At the same time controller  37  is monitoring current sensor  27  it is also monitoring through voltage monitor  33  the voltage levels of the power the system  25  is supplying to the security system  36 . Controller  37  is also activating and deactivating switching device  29  in a set pattern to assure that system  25  is providing a steady and uniform supply of power at a preset voltage level.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention that forms a DC to DC regulated power supply. Although, the preferred embodiment described herein discloses a DC to DC type power supply converter-regulator, those skilled in the art after having read and understood the present specification will readily understand that it can be used with other types of circuits and power supplies and still accomplish the objectives of the present invention.  
         [0019]    The functional elements depicted in FIG. 1 appear in a detailed fashion with the components that make them up in the preferred embodiment depicted in FIG. 2. Dashed boxes outline the components that make up each of the functional elements of FIG. 1. Current sensor  27  consists of a resistor  55 , the value of which determines the overcurrent threshhold. Controller  37  consists of IC chip  57 , input filtering capacitor  59 , switching frequency capacitor  61  and ground  62 . Switching device  29  consists of resistor  65 , resistor  67  and transistor  69 . Filter  31  consists of transformer  75 , diode  77 , diode  118 , capacitor  79 , capacitor  81 , capacitor  83  and ground  84 . Voltage monitor  33  consists of resistors  85 ,  86  and  87 . Overload indicator  39  consists of light emitting diode  91  and diode  92 . The system also includes a power supply indicator  95  to show when the system is operating normally and providing power. The power supplier indicator consist of resistor  96  connected to light emitting diode  97  that in turn attaches to ground  98 .  
         [0020]    Power from and unregulated DC voltage supply enters the system at junction  107  and exits the system at junction  110  and  112 . In the system depicted in FIG. 2 the values of the individual components have been selected to produce a 12 volt regulated supply at junction  110  and a 24 volt regulated supply at junction  112 .  
         [0021]    Diode  115  functions as an energy dump to discharge capacitors  79  and  81  whenever external input power  107  is removed. Diode  118  functions as a rectifier to control the one way flow of current to juncion  110  and junction  112 .  
         [0022]    Controller  37  forms the heart of the system depicted in FIG. 2 and will be described in detail as to how it functions. Controller  57  internally consists of 4 circuits, a) switching oscillator, b) switch drive, c) reference comparator, and d) reference regulator. Pin  6  is the power input that supplies power to the controller while pin  4  is the ground input. The switching oscillator is a freerunning oscillator whose frequency is dependent upon the value of capacitor connected to pin  3  and can be shut down by a voltage on pin  7  300 millivolts less than the voltage present on power input pin  6 . This input is the overcurrent sensing (refer to resistor  27 , FIG. 2). The switch drive is driven by the switch oscillator and consists of drive collector pin  8 , switch collector pin  1 , and switch emitter pin  2  connected to switch  29 , FIG. 2. The reference comparator is biased by the reference regulator and feedback pin  5 . Whenever the feedback pin voltage exceeds the 1.25 volt reference generated by the reference regulator, the reference comparator will turn off the switch drive circuit. Typically, the feedback pin serves to provide an overvoltage shutdown to the switching system.  
         [0023]    The method of the system works such that it continuously monitors current levels of the system  121  (FIG. 3). In continuously monitoring the current levels the system determines if the current levels remain at or below the preset levels  122 . If the current levels remain at or below the preset levels the system continues on with normal operation. As soon as the system senses that current levels exceed the preset parameters  124  it then shuts the power source off from the rest of the system to protect it from an overload  125 . The system also indicates that it is experiencing and overload  126 . The circuit continues to sample current levels  127 . Each time the system of the present invention samples the current levels it does so to determine if the current levels remain at an excessively high level or if they have fallen to acceptable levels  128 . If the system determines the current levels have fallen to acceptable levels it will reset the power supply circuit  129  to allow the renewed supply of power to security system. The system continues to monitor current levels after resetting the circuit to determine if the current being drawn remains within acceptable parameters  121 ,  122  and  123 . In a preferred embodiment of the invention the step of continuing to sample the current levels being supplied  127  includes momentarily turning on switch  29  (FIGS. 1 and 2) to determine at what level the regulatory circuitry  25  and the security system circuitry  36  are drawing current and determine if the cause of the overload problem lies in the circuitry of regulatory circuitry  25  or the security system  36 .  
         [0024]    While the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made to it without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.