Abstract:
A computer-implemented method for creating citations for a document is disclosed. The method includes receiving, by a computer processor, text from a user via a keyboard in communication with the computer processor; displaying the text on a user interface on a display device in communication with the computer processor; receiving a symbol from the user via the keyboard, wherein the symbol is not part of the content of the text; displaying the symbol adjacent to the text in the user interface; retrieving, by the computer processor, a first list of citation references from a computer storage after the symbol is displayed in the user interface; displaying the first list of citation references at the user interface to allow at least one of the first list of citation references to be selected; and inserting the selected citation reference near the symbol in the text in the user interface.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    The present application relates to reference citation in documents, and more particularly, creating citation in a word processing environment. 
         [0002]    It is generally recognized that the world economic order is shifting from one based on manufacturing to one based on the generation, organization and use of information. For example, scientific literature continues to be produced at a rapid rate, making it time consuming for researchers to stay current. Most published scientific research appears in paper documents such as scholarly journals or conference proceedings, which include citations to other scientific papers. A researcher could spend large amounts of time for searching, organizing, and citing appropriate references at the proper locations in a publication. 
         [0003]    Referring to  FIG. 1A-1C , an exemplified conventional user interface  1  includes a text field  2  for an author to enter and edit text with the keyboard  105 . The user interface  1  also includes a button  3  for inserting citation references. The author uses a keyboard to enter text such as “Insert citation” in the text field  2  ( FIG. 1A ). To inset a citation such as a scientific publication, the author switches to a mouse to click the button  3 . A window  5  pops up, showing a list of citation references  6  ( FIG. 1B ). The author can use the mouse to select one of the citation references  6 . The citation is inserted ( FIG. 1C ). 
         [0004]    One drawback associated with the conventional citation tools is that the author has to break away from his or her writing workflow by switching from a keyboard to mouse in order to find and insert a citation to a reference publication. Another challenge for citation tools is to allow an author to easily find the right references from a large number of publications. 
         [0005]    Accordingly, a need has been identified for tools that can assist users to conveniently create citations in their publications. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0006]    In a general aspect, the present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for creating citations for a document. The method can include receiving, by a computer processor, text from a user via a keyboard in communication with the computer processor; displaying the text on a user interface on a display device in communication with the computer processor; receiving a symbol from the user via the keyboard, wherein the symbol is not part of the content of the text; displaying the symbol adjacent to the text in the user interface; retrieving, by the computer processor, a first list of citation references from a computer storage after the symbol is displayed in the user interface; displaying the first list of citation references at the user interface to allow at least one of the first list of citation references to be selected; and inserting the selected citation reference near the symbol in the text in the user interface. 
         [0007]    In another general aspect, the present invention relates to a computer-implemented method for creating citations for a document. The method can include receiving, by a computer processor, text from a user via a keyboard in communication with the computer processor; displaying the text at a user interface on a display device in communication with the computer processor; retrieving, by the computer processor, a first list of citation references from a computer storage in response to a keystroke or the pressing of a combination of keys on the keyboard; displaying the first list of citation references in the user interface to allow at least one of the first list of the citation references to be selected; and inserting the selected reference in the text at the user interface. 
         [0008]    In another general aspect, the present invention relates to a computer program product that includes a computer useable medium having computer readable program code functions embedded in said medium for causing a computer to receive, by a computer processor, text from a user via a keyboard in communication with the computer processor; display the text on a user interface on a display device in communication with the computer processor; receive a symbol from the user via the keyboard, wherein the symbol is not part of the content of the text; display the symbol adjacent to the text in the user interface; retrieve, by the computer processor, a first list of citation references from a computer storage after the symbol is displayed in the user interface; display the first list of citation references at the user interface to allow at least one of the first list of citation references to be selected; and insert the selected citation reference near the symbol in the text in the user interface. 
         [0009]    Implementations of the system may include one or more of the following. The computer-implemented method can further include selecting at least one of the first list of the citation references by the user before the step of inserting. The step of selecting can be conduced by the user using the keyboard. The user interface can include a word processing environment that includes a text field configured to display text entered by the user; and an activatable function configured to receive a selection of a citation format for the selected reference in the text displayed in the user interface. The user interface can include an activatable function. The computer-implemented method can further include activating the activatable function after the symbol is displayed adjacent to the text at the user interface; and skipping the insertion of the selected citation reference while keeping the symbol displayed adjacent to the text. The computer-implemented method can further include selecting, by the user, a citation format for the citation reference in the text displayed in the user interface. The computer-implemented method can further include receiving, from the user, information about the citation reference to be inserted; and producing a dynamic list of citation references to allow the user to select a citation reference in the dynamic list of citation references. The symbol can include one or a combination of “#”, “̂”, “&amp;”, “*”, “˜”, “{”, “}”, “[”, “]”, “&lt;”, “&gt;”, “;”, “((”, or “))”. 
         [0010]    The systems and methods described in the present application provide convenient and intuitive tools for creating citation in a word processing environment. An author of a document does not have to break away from her normal writing flow to search and insert citations. The author can use the same keyboard for word processing to conveniently embed citations of publications. The author does not need to pause her writing flow to switch from keyboard to mouse or touch pad to make a citation insertion. A list of references can be dynamically selected by semantic understanding of the citation information entered by the author, which makes the citation insertion fast and easy. The format of citations can be easily selected as required by the specific journal publication. 
         [0011]    Although the invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to multiple embodiments, it will be understood by persons skilled in the relevant art that various changes in form and details can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0012]    The following drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. 
           [0013]      FIGS. 1A-1C  illustrate a user interface for incorporating a citation in a word processing environment in a conventional system. 
           [0014]      FIG. 2  illustrates a diagram of a computer system compatible with the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIGS. 3A-3K  illustrate an exemplified user interface showing detailed steps for incorporating a citation in a word processing environment. 
           [0016]      FIG. 4  is a flow chart for incorporating a citation in a word processing environment in accordance with the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0017]    Referring to  FIG. 2 , a computer system  10  compatible with the disclosed invention includes a computer  100  that can include a central processor unit (CPU)  121 , an I/O unit  117 , a computer storage  110 , and a memory  109  that stores data and programs such as an operating system  111  and one or more application programs  113 . The application programs  113  can include a web browser and a word processing and editing program that is capable of inserting citations. The computer storage  110  can be a hard disk drive, CD-ROM, flash memory, and other removable storage media and can be implemented in many types of storage media based on magnetic, optical, and mechanical properties, and nano materials, which can include a hard drive and an array of hard drives, flash memory, optical disks, and magnetic tapes. The computer system  10  can be implemented on a device that has computation power, for example, a personal computer, a laptop computer, a portable computer, and a mobile device such as a smart phone or a personal digital assistant. The computer system  10  also includes a mouse  103 , a keyboard  105 , and a display  107  that can support a user interface  108 . The computer system  10  can also include a touch pad or a touch screen interface as in a laptop computer, a tablet computer, and other computing devices. The computer  100  also includes a communications device  123  configured to exchange data with an Internet  50  via a communications link  125  such as optical fiber, telephone line, or a wireless connection. 
         [0018]    Referring to  FIGS. 3A-3J , an exemplified user interface  108  includes a word processing environment  200  provided by a word processing program such as MS office suite, Mac iWork suite, Open Office, Word Perfect, Notepad, WordPad, WPS, Google Docs, and other word processing programs. The word processing environment  200  can be implemented as a window on a desk top. A plug-in (also called add-in) can be installed in the word processing program, or a stand alone program can be installed independent to the word processing program, for inserting citations in accordance with the present invention. The word processing environment  200  includes a text field  210  for a user to enter and edit text with the keyboard  105  (for a tablet computer, one can use a touch sensitive virtual keyboard to enter and edit text, as well as for inserting citation references as described below). The word processing environment  200  also includes activatable word-processing functions  220  in the categories such as “File”, “Edit”, “View”, “Insert”, “Format”, “Tools”, “Table”, “Window” and “Help”, and as described in more detail below, a function  230  for selecting the format of scientific citations. 
         [0019]    The user first uses a keyboard ( 105 ,  FIG. 2 ) to enter some text such as “I am about to cite some papers” in the text field  210  ( FIG. 3A ). To inset a citation such as a scientific publication, the user types on the keyboard a symbol which can include one or more special characters such as “{{” ( FIG. 3B ). The user can type “{{ }}” to define the field for the publication insertion. The symbol is only a marker for inserting one or more citation(s) and is not part of the text content intended by the user. 
         [0020]    When the user type the special characters (such as “{{”), a list of citation references  250  automatically appears next to the special characters ( FIG. 3C ). The list of citation references  250  are collected by the user in the field that the writing is about, or publications shared by a group of co-workers or collaborators, or publications stored in a public server (such as USPTO database). The list of citation references  250  can be stored in the computer storage  110  and cached in the memory  109  when the application programs  113  are executed ( FIG. 2 ). Alternatively, the citation references  250  can be stored on the local computer storage  110  and retrieved into the memory  109  when the symbol for citation reference is typed in the text area  210 . The citation references  250  can also be stored on and retrieved from a remote server or storage device. The citation references  250  can be a portion of a long reference list. The citation references  250  can be displayed in an order according to the frequency of the user&#39;s usage with the most often cited references on top. The citation references  250  can also be displayed in a random out of a long list of references. 
         [0021]    The list of citation references  250  can include an “Empty citation” option  251  (as shown on the top of the list of citation references  250  in  FIG. 3C ). The “Empty citation” allows the user not to select any reference in the list of citation references  250  and to enter citation manually using the keyboard  105 . The “empty citation” also allows the user to insert and edit a citation in the future. For example, the user can insert a reminder about a reference she needs to insert in the future. 
         [0022]    Closing symbols such as “}}” can automatically appear to enclose the reference and the cursor in the text area  210 . The user can use an arrow key to move down the list of citation references  250  followed by pressing the “Enter” key to select a reference “Schultz,  1977 ” ( FIG. 3D ). Alternatively, the user can use mouse to select and insert a reference. The reference automatically appears next to the special characters “{{” ( FIG. 3E ). Without breaking the workflow, the user continues to use keyboard to type more text in the text field  210  “I am citing two or more papers at one location” ( FIG. 3F ). To insert more than one citations in one place, the user can insert the first reference (e.g. “Schultz,  1977 ”) as described above. The user then types another special character, such as “;”, right after the first reference (e.g. “Schultz,  1977 ”). A list of citation references again appears. The user can use the arrow key to select a second reference (e.g. “Stetson,  2006 ”). Both references separated by “;” are displayed within the special characters “{{” and “}}” ( FIG. 3G ). 
         [0023]    In some embodiments, the user can search and narrow down the list of citation references by typing information about the reference to be inserted. As shown in  FIG. 3H , the user types an author name “Zhang” within the special characters “{{” and “}}”. In response to the user typed information, the user interface  108  displays a dynamic list of citation references  260  that all include the typed author name “Zhang”. The user can easily select and insert a reference in this dynamic list ( FIG. 3I ). As the information about the reference is entered by the user, the program continuously searches available citation references and returns those citation references that contain the words that the user has just typed. The returned citation references are shown in the dynamic list of citation references  260 . The citation references can be stored in a database file having fields such as “author”, “title”, “year”, “journal” etc. The citation references can also be stored a flat file or other data formats. 
         [0024]    Once the references are inserted using the special characters such as “{{”, “}}” and “;”, the user can use the function  230  to select the format of scientific citations ( FIG. 3J ). The function  230  can include, for example, a pull-down menu that lists different citation format that are required by different publishers, scientific journals, and magazines ( FIG. 3J ). Once the user selects a citation format (e.g. Cell Journal), all the cited references are displayed in the selected citation format ( FIG. 3K ). The function  230  can include an “Unformatted” option which allows users to remove the format that is applied to the current document. 
         [0025]    The insertion of citations in a word editing environment can include the following steps: text is first entered by a user and received by a computer processor (e.g. the CPU  121 ,  FIG. 2 ) (step  310 ,  FIG. 4 ). The text is displayed in a user interface on a display device (step  320 ,  FIG. 4 ). A symbol that includes one or more special characters is received from the user (step  330 ,  FIG. 4 ). The symbol is displayed on the display device (step  340 ,  FIG. 4 ). A list of citation references are retrieved (e.g. from a computer memory, the computer storage  110 , or the Internet,  FIG. 2 ) (step  350 ,  FIG. 4 ). The list of citation references are displayed in the user interface (step  360 ,  FIG. 4 ). Optionally, the user types information related to the to-be-cited reference within or in adjacent to the special characters, which is received by the computer processor (step  370 ,  FIG. 4 ). References are selected from the list of citation references to produce a new list of citation references in accordance to the user&#39;s input (step  380 ,  FIG. 4 ). A citation reference is selected from the list of citation references or the new list of citation references (step  390 ,  FIG. 4 ). The selected citation reference is inserted and displayed in the text (step  400 ,  FIG. 4 ). A format can be selected by the user for the citation references already inserted or to be inserted in the text (step  410 ,  FIG. 4 ). 
         [0026]    It should be understood that the above-described methods are not limited to the specific examples used. Configurations and processes can vary without deviating from the spirit of the invention. For example, the symbol is not limited to the example used above. The symbol can include one or a combination of keystrokes that are not commonly used in text content. For example, the symbol can include one or more of “#”, “̂”, “&amp;”, “*”, “˜”, “{”, “}”, “[”, “]”, “&lt;”, “&gt;”, “;”, “((”, or “))”. In the rare event that one of these characters is entered as part of the intended text content, the user can simply click the button  231  ( FIGS. 3A-3K ) to keep the symbol entered without inserting a citation. 
         [0027]    Moreover, the appearance of the list of citation reference may not require the cursor to be placed between special characters. For example, the symbol can include “$$”; the list of citation references can appear right after the typing of the second “$” without the need of moving the cursor. 
         [0028]    In some embodiments, instead of typing special characters, a functional key or a combination of keys on the keyboard can be pressed to activate the retrieval and display of the list of citation references. Examples of the functional keys include “F 1 ”, “F 2 ”, “F 3 ”, etc. An example of a key combination include simultaneous pressing two or more of “Control”, “Shift”, and “Alt” keys. The pressing of a functional key or a combination of keys does not display any additional symbol or characters in the text, and does not break the user&#39;s workflow as the user can continue to use the keyboard without using a mouse. The functions of the functional key or key combination are pre-defined in the application program ( 113 ,  FIG. 2 ) such as a plug-in to a word processing or a web browser program.