Abstract:
A disposable system for safely deploying, retrieving and handling a trocar during open surgery. An embodiment comprises a dispenser handle that houses a trocar within a protective sheath during deployment of the trocar within the surgical wound area; and an adjoining receiver that provides a target, shield and active backstop when retrieving the trocar tip from the surgical site. The dispenser handle is shaped ergonomically for easy manipulation; contains a sheath to safely cover the trocar tip during manipulation; and integrates a coupler that permits independent motion between it and the sheath, while releasably gripping the trocar until deployed within the surgical site. The adjoining receiver is comprised of a compact receiver handle grip; an integrated trocar-locking mechanism that traps the trocar when extracting it, while trailing drainage tubing from the surgical site; and a removable safety shield.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCES TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    Not Applicable. 
       STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
       [0002]    Not applicable. 
       REFERENCE TO SEQUENCE LISTING, A TABLE, OR A COMPUTER PROGRAM LISTING COMPACT DISC APPENDIX 
       [0003]    Not applicable. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    I. Field of Invention 
         [0005]    In the field of surgery, this invention relates to a device to safely deploy sharp surgical instruments, such as a needle or trocar, used to penetrate through the patient&#39;s skin in applications such as installing a drain, catheter or similar device that extends from within a surgical site to outside the surgical site. This invention implements features that improve safety such as reducing exposure to the patient of accidental injury when inserting the trocar within the surgical site and reducing exposure to the clinician of accidental sharps injuries when extracting the trocar from the surgical site. This invention improves the methods of current wound drain insertion procedures in terms of ergonomics, functionality and maneuverability. This invention implements features to create a simpler and more cost-effective device than other devices that exist in the field. 
       Overview of the Current Field 
       [0006]    General surgery involving open wound sites may require wound drainage to drain a surgical site of an unwanted accumulation of blood, serous fluid and other bodily fluids. Wound drainage for open surgical procedures is typically initiated through the use of a sharp instrument such as a needle or trocar to create a small puncture wound opening in the tissues adjacent to a surgical site opening. A trocar is typically fashioned as a sharpened, heavy gauge needle or as a hollow shaft with a pointed tip. The trocar is used to puncture the patient&#39;s tissue and create a wound opening through which drainage tubing (attached to the distal stem of the trocar) is threaded. The drainage tubing provides a pathway for bodily fluids to exit the site of surgery through the tubing after the wound opening is closed. The tubing is flexible and typically made from plastic, rubber, or similar soft materials. The distal end of the tubing that remains within the surgical site is fashioned to collect the fluids created or collected within the wound by perforations, mesh, foam or other absorbent materials. The fluids exit the surgical site through the tubing until the fluids are collected outside the patient&#39;s body within a collection bag or reservoir. The trocar is most often a single use device, so that after a trocar passes through a patient&#39;s tissue, the tubing is cut adjacent to the stem of the trocar and the trocar is discarded into a sharps container. 
         [0007]    A clinician deploying a trocar must do so with precision and control throughout the process: while preparing the trocar for use, inserting the trocar through the patient&#39;s skin, extricating the trocar from the patient&#39;s body, handling the trocar when cutting the drainage tubing from the distal end of the trocar, and safely disposing the trocar into a biohazard disposal container designated for sharps. 
         [0008]    Modernly, trocars may be delivered by the manufacturer with a safety cover that is removed before usage in surgery. It has been noted that such covers may occasionally stick to the trocar when removing the cover. Therefore, the clinician must use care when using one hand to pull the cover off the trocar so that the other hand (holding the trocar) does not uncontrollably swing in the opposite, reactionary direction possibly resulting in an inadvertent sharps injury. 
         [0009]    The tip of the trocar is typically extremely sharp or pointed, and fashioned like the point of a spear, a bullet-like tip, blade edges, or some other penetrating shape. When positioning the trocar tip within the surgical site, the clinician typically uses a gloved hand or a manual tool such as wrench or other device to maneuver the trocar tip inside the surgical site, taking care to avoid accidentally puncturing or injuring the patient&#39;s tissues or organs exposed within the open site. 
         [0010]    Although the trocar tip is sharp or pointed, penetrating soft but elastic tissues may nevertheless require significant pushing force; therefore the clinician must carefully target the direction of insertion and control his or her pushing force. Backpressure disappears upon successfully penetrating the skin and the trocar may unexpectedly surge forward along the pathway of insertion; therefore the clinician must use controlled pushing pressure to avoid potentially tearing the patient&#39;s skin. 
         [0011]    Likewise, during and after penetrating the tissues and when extricating the trocar from the exit pathway, the clinician must use care to avoid sharps injuries by the exposed trocar tip. Historically, the clinician uses gloved fingers or a manual tool such as pliers or other tool to grip the emerging trocar tip. Therefore, the clinician must be wary of the unexpected or sudden emergence of the trocar tip through the skin after penetration. Further, when pulling the trocar through the exit pathway in the skin, the clinician must prevent his hand slipping along the shaft to the sharp tip due to blood or other bodily fluids making the trocar shaft slippery. 
         [0012]    Before pulling the trocar through the skin of the patient, the clinician may have difficulty finding the protruding trocar tip as it emerges from the surgical area. Moreover, the exposed trocar tip presents a hazard because it may be slippery to handle due to bodily fluids and an inadvertent sharps injury may pose a risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens. Clinicians use a gloved hand alone or with manual grippers such as pliers or other device to grip the trocar tip and extract it from the surgical site. 
         [0013]    The trocar is most often a single use device. After extricating the trocar, the clinician cuts the drainage tubing from the stem of the trocar, places the cut end of the tubing into a reservoir or container to channel the bodily fluids, and discards the trocar (perhaps with a small segment of trailing tubing) into a sharps container. When doing so, the clinician again must carefully use a gloved hand to hold the sharp trocar tip, which remains slippery from any bodily fluids present during the procedure, and avoid sharps injuries. 
         [0014]    Trocars have been fashioned with straight or curved shafts. Trocars may contain a bend at roughly midway in the shaft, fashioned with a slightly acute angle measured from the axial direction of the shaft. The bend is intended to provide ergonomic benefit to the clinician by permitting the wrist to remain relatively straight while manipulating the trocar tip, which is forward of the bend, at an angled direction into the patient&#39;s skin. 
         [0015]    II. Background of Environment 
         [0016]    Inherent in the use of sharp surgical instruments such as trocars are risks of sharps injuries to both patients and clinicians. First, the trocar is handled without any patient safeguards which may result in accidental puncture of organs or tissues inside the patient. Second, the clinician is exposed to sharps injuries as the trocar exits the patient&#39;s skin, especially given the force required to penetrate the skin, and to risks of contamination by the commensurate bodily fluids involved in these types of procedures. 
         [0017]    Safety concerns regarding sharp surgical instruments such as trocars have been a serious issue in recent decades. The US Congress recognized the need for safety improvements via regulatory and legislative measures, such as the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (“BPS”) (29 CFR 1910.1030) promulgated by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (“OSHA”) in 1991. The BPS stated employer requirements for planning and procedures to protect health-related workers from exposure to bloodborne pathogens, such as: establishing and maintaining an exposure control plan, implementing universal precautions and engineering controls and work practice controls, keeping certain records, providing personal protective equipment, making available hepatitis B vaccinations and post-exposure follow-ups, providing information and training, and using hazards labels and signs. 
         [0018]    On Nov. 6, 2000, the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act (“NSPA”) (Pub. L. 106-430) was signed into law and effected a revision of the BPS in 2001. In the NSPA, Congress directed OSHA to enhance the BPS by requiring employers to: select and implement medical sharps devices that incorporated safety protections, maintain a detailed sharps injury log, and provide for greater employee involvement in evaluating and selecting safety devices and personal protective equipment. 
         [0019]    Several of the US States have supplemented the NSPA with their own State counterpart needle safety legislation. 
         [0020]    In November, 2010, the International Healthcare Worker Safety Center (the “IHWSC”) at the University of Virginia sponsored the conference “Tenth Anniversary of the Needlestick Safety and Prevention Act: Mapping Progress, Charting a Future Path” in Charlottesville, Va. Members of the IHWSC steering committee drafted the “Consensus Statement and Call to Action” for “Moving the Sharps Safety Agenda Forward in the United States” (the “Consensus Statement”). The Consensus Statement noted that sharps injury rates had leveled off but in some areas had increased since 2002, even while recognizing that medical device manufacturers had helped introduce a broad range of innovative safety-engineered products and noting that the sharps injury rates had initially dropped in the first two years (2001 and 2002) after the NSPA. 
         [0021]    For example, IHWSC&#39;s Exposure Prevention Information Network Data Reports (“EPINET Data Reports”) indicate that the overall sharps incidents decreased from 39% in 1999 to 22% in 2001 (a 44% decrease), then increased to 29% by 2007 (a 27% increase), then decreased to 20% by 2009 (a 31% decrease). 
         [0022]    Narrowing the dataset to only “central-line catheters,” “other non-vascular catheters” and “trocars” from the EPINet Data Reports reveals trends that are more relevant to the present invention. Although comprising a smaller percentage of overall sharps incidents, the narrowed selection indicates an overall variably increasing trend of sharps incidents compared to the overall group (2.6% increasing to 9.5% of the overall group of sharps incidents). Comparing the narrowed selection to the overall group in the EPINet Data Reports indicates a similar initial reduction in 2001, decreasing from 1% in 1999 to 0.47% in 2001 (a 53% decrease). Thereafter, the narrowed group continually increased (as opposed to the overall group), increasing to 1.6% by 2007 (a 236% increase) then increasing again to 1.9% by 2009 (a 21.5% increase). 
         [0023]    Moreover, it has been documented that, while there have been promising improvements in adopting safety devices, there remain many unmet needs for improved safety device technologies, although mainly in the clinical (non-acute care) setting. (Hogan Amber. Gaps and successes of safety device market conversion. Materials Management in Health Care. 2005; 14:33-4) 
         [0024]    In the absence of any major safety related device advances observed in the marketplace for safety sharps instruments (such as safety trocars), sharps injuries from both handling and using such instruments have been largely reduced only through procedural improvements and education in proper techniques, existing engineering controls and best practices. 
         [0025]    Still, the detrimental impact of sharps injuries is most profound regarding potential infection by the hepatitis B virus (“HBV”), hepatitis C virus (“HCV”), human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”), and other communicable diseases. Lawsuits, clinician or patient injury and disease treatment boost insurance costs for both patients and hospitals. The health and treatment costs of sharps injuries may justify improved safety trocar devices that minimize or eliminate these injuries and reduce costs to hospitals and insurers. The Center for Disease Control (“CDC”) has identified desirable guidelines as well as the need for enhanced safety devices. The CDC offers a summary of guidance at: http://www.cdc.gov/HAI/prevent/prevent_pubs.html, and a sharps safety workbook at https://www.premierinc.com/safety/topics/needlestick/cdc-sharps-injury-prevention.jsp 
         [0026]    While attempts have been made to improve safety trocars and similar sharps instruments, the existing devices do not offer a complete solution to the problems of effective and cost-effective devices that impart patient and clinician safety nor to the unmet requirements for clinician ease-of-use and low-cost manufacturability, as demonstrated by a lack of a widespread solutions and limited degrees of market success in the field. There remains an unsatisfied need for sound safety advances in safety sharps instruments such as safety trocar devices. 
         [0027]    III. Description of the Related Art 
         [0028]    Some attempts have been made to enhance the safety and handling of trocar devices and devices intended to deploy trocars and reduce sharps injuries that may occur during their use. 
         [0029]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,613,039 and U.S. Pat. No. 7,938,810 and U.S. Pat. Application No. 2011/0172600 describe a “Safe Trochar with Guide for Placement of Surgical Drains” in which a “method and apparatus for the safe surgical placement of trochars” are described, wherein a guide mechanism holds a trocar and receiving mechanism receives the trocar. 
         [0030]    U.S. Pat. No. 7,909,802 describes a “Device for Inserting a Drain and Handle for Such a Device” in which a needle, a drain and a handle are used to insert a drain into a wound, wherein the needle has “a sharp front end effective for perforating a skin, the drain being connected to a rear end of the needle, the handle having a hand-grip and a needle-grip and an exit path for the drain.” In its background descriptions, this patent refers to devices for inserting a drain into a wound: “Device for Inserting a Drain into a Wound” as described in international patent application WO 98/23321; a “Spike for Transcutaneous Lead for Drainage Tube” as described in German patent application DE000004416976A1; “Medical Tissue Drainage Device” as described in European patent application 0 623 355; and “Surgical Needle [and] into Them [a] Piece of Drainage Tube” as described in Dutch patent application 72 16 160. 
         [0031]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,607,405 describes a “Surgical Insertion Device and Method” in which a surgical insertion device “includes a trocar with a pierceable sheath covering the forward point, a handle removably affixed to the rear end, and a notch formed on the trocar just behind the point. The notch facilitates gripping of the trocar with a tool during removal of the trocar from the patient&#39;s body. Optionally, a kit including the insertion apparatus is further provided with a suitable such tool.” 
         [0032]    U.S. Pat. Application No. 2011/0118673 describes a “Needle Safety Cap” as a “safety cap for use with a needle, the cap including an opening in the cap adapted to receive a needle therein, a releasable lock mechanism disposed within the opening, and a permanent lock mechanism disposed within the opening. The safety cap may be provided on a needle, the releasable locking mechanism being actuated to release the needle from the cap. After use, the needle may be reinserted into the safety cap and permanently locked therein by the permanent locking mechanism, thereby providing for safe disposal of the used needle.” The needle is described as a trocar. 
         [0033]    U.S. Pat. Application No. 2009/0204140 describes a “Surgical Trocar” that includes a “trocar needle with a sharp tip for puncturing and passing through the skin of a patient . . . . A head formed aft of the tip of the trocar needle has a locking ridge to provide a grip” and additionally provides for a receiver for gripping the trocar needle. 
         [0034]    While each of the above mentioned devices may be useful to some degree, they all bear certain disadvantages including complexity of design or requirements, cumbersome usage, and lack of various safety features. 
         [0035]    An advantage of the present invention is to implement features that provide for simplicity and ease-of-use via a compact and agile tool, comprised of a relatively few number of component parts. An advantage of the present invention is an easy-to-manipulate dispenser that the clinician may hold with one hand to circumnavigate within the tight spacing among organs within a surgical site, together with the corresponding hand-grip receiver that the clinician holds with the other hand as a backstop and target for the emerging trocar tip. 
         [0036]    An advantage described in one embodiment of the receiver of the present invention is the use of a locking mechanism that is positioned within the receiver in an innovative, low-cost manner without the need for expensive or complex manufacturing steps. One embodiment uses a plate aperture and spring approach; a second embodiment uses physically resistive protuberances; a third embodiment uses active gripping rollers. A further advantage of the present invention is that, once the trocar tip is inserted within the receiver, a locking mechanism actively exerts gripping pressure on the trocar shaft when the trocar is pulled in the direction of extraction out of the receiver. In this way, the trocar is permanently locked and safely covered within the receiver. 
         [0037]    The present invention advantageously implements an internal coupler that is customizable to adapt and grip presently existing designs of various trocars within the dispenser handle, without requiring further customization of the dispenser handle or the trocar itself. A further advantage of the present invention is an internal channel to conduct the drainage tubing within the dispenser handle; this channel is advantageous to minimize interference between the clinician&#39;s hand while holding the handle and the conduction of the drainage tubing. 
         [0038]    Further, while inserting the trocar tip into the receiver, a large, removable shield on the receiver protects the clinician&#39;s hand as well as provides a backstop and target to manually guide the tip into the center of the receiver. Because the large shield can be removed from the receiver hand-grip locking the trocar, the compact-sized single-use receiver (and locked trocar) is discarded in a small sharps disposal container while the large shield is discarded in any receptacle for contaminated objects. After extricating the distal end of the drainage tubing from the dispenser handle, the dispenser handle is also discarded into a contaminated waste receptacle. 
         [0039]    An advantage of the present invention is an easily extendable or retractable sheath that covers the trocar. The extended sheath protects both the clinician and patient from the sharp tip before and during deployment of the trocar. The sheath is locked in the extended position until the clinician positions the sheath within the lumen (i.e., the surgical cavity within the surgical site) and is ready to insert the trocar into the patient&#39;s tissue, at which time the clinician manually releases the sheath to permit its retraction. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0040]    A device has been invented to minimize needle-stick and sharps injuries that may result from handling and using sharp instruments during open-site procedures, such as trocars and needles used to introduce wound drains or certain catheters. A preferred embodiment of the invention is a device used to deploy a wound drain using a trocar during open-site surgeries. The invention provides benefits to both patients as well as clinicians by incorporating features that improve patient and clinician safety as well as provide cost-effectiveness. 
         [0041]    In the preferred embodiment, the invention comprises a dispenser handle to hold a trocar; a sheath to protect the trocar sharp tip and shaft until inserting the trocar into a patient&#39;s skin; and a receiver that captures and traps the trocar tip after the tip emerges from the patient, thereafter safely locking the trocar tip and facilitating disposal of the trocar into a sharps container. 
         [0042]    In the preferred embodiment, the dispenser handle incorporates an ergonomic shape to facilitate handling and inserting the trocar through the patient&#39;s skin, enabling the clinician to manipulate the instrument within the surgical site and to exert effectively the force needed to push the trocar through the patient&#39;s tissue. The dispenser handle incorporates a protective edge-lip that partially covers the clinician&#39;s hand when the clinician probes the surgical site, and asserts tactile resistance when the clinician pushes the trocar into and through the skin of the patient. 
         [0043]    The sheath covers the trocar during all steps before deploying the trocar within the surgical site, which may include assembly, shipping, and storage. The sheath continually covers the trocar and does not retract to expose the trocar tip until the clinician positions the sheath against the patient&#39;s skin and depresses a safety trigger button, simultaneously pushing the trocar into and through the skin. Because the sheath keeps the trocar tip covered, there is no danger of inadvertently puncturing the patient&#39;s tissues or organs while the clinician probes the surgical site to find the desired insertion point. 
         [0044]    A receiver is used to capture the trocar after it penetrates through the skin and exits the wound site. The receiver is fashioned with a receiver handle grip and a large protective shield both to provide a tactile backstop for the clinician and to protect the clinician&#39;s hand. 
         [0045]    First, while guiding the dispenser handle within the surgical site, the clinician presses the receiver and shield against the outside of the patient&#39;s skin to provide a backstop and target. The clinician finds the backstop and positions the sheath on the inside of the surgical site against the patient&#39;s tissues. 
         [0046]    Second, the clinician inserts the trocar through the tissues and guides the trocar tip into the receiver. The large shield protects the clinician&#39;s hand when the clinician guides the sharp trocar tip through the wound opening and into the receiver. The shape of the removable shield in the preferred embodiment is fashioned as a funnel to actively guide the tip into the center of the receiver&#39;s aperture and locking mechanism, where the tip becomes trapped. 
         [0047]    Third, since the trocar tip is safely and permanently locked within the receiver, the clinician withdraws the receiver together with the embedded trocar and a segment of the adjoining drainage tubing through the wound opening and out of the patient&#39;s skin, without risk of slippage or injury due to the safely covered trocar tip. 
         [0048]    Fourth, after extricating the trocar and a segment of drainage tubing out of the surgical site, the clinician cuts the drainage tubing at a point behind the stem of the trocar. The clinician then positions as desired the end of the tubing remaining within the surgical site as a wound drain to collect and discharge bodily fluids. 
         [0049]    In addition to safety features, the preferred embodiment incorporates cost-effectiveness by manufacturing with a minimal number of injection-molded plastic components and a minimal number of easily-fabricated metal parts. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0050]      FIG. 1  depicts an exploded perspective view of the Trocar Dispenser and Safety Grip Receiver System. 
           [0051]      FIG. 2  depicts an exploded perspective view of the dispenser portion of the invention. 
           [0052]      FIG. 3  depicts dispenser handle side cutaway section view 
           [0053]      FIG. 4  depicts dispenser handle, coupler and sheath—side elevation view and frontwards-looking cross section view 
           [0054]      FIG. 5  depicts coupler—backwards-looking elevation view, side elevation view, top cutaway view 
           [0055]      FIG. 6  depicts dispenser handle, coupler and sheath extended—top elevation view, side cutaway view, top cutaway view, enlargement 
           [0056]      FIG. 7  depicts dispenser handle, coupler and sheath retracted—top cutaway view, enlargement 
           [0057]      FIG. 8  depicts coupler, opt 1—backwards-looking elevation view, side elevation view, top cutaway view 
           [0058]      FIG. 9  depicts dispenser handle, coupler and sheath extended, opt 1—top cutaway view, enlargement 
           [0059]      FIG. 10  depicts dispenser handle, coupler and sheath retracted, opt 1—top cutaway view, enlargement 
           [0060]      FIG. 11  depicts coupler, opt 2—backwards-looking elevation view, side elevation view, top cutaway view 
           [0061]      FIG. 12  depicts dispenser handle, coupler and sheath extended, opt 2—top cutaway view, enlargement 
           [0062]      FIG. 13  depicts dispenser handle, coupler and sheath retracted, opt 2—top cutaway view, enlargement 
           [0063]      FIG. 14  depicts sheath—backwards-looking elevation view, side elevation view, top elevation view, side cutaway view 
           [0064]      FIG. 15  depicts an exploded perspective view of the receiver portion of the invention 
           [0065]      FIG. 16  depicts a receiver handle grip—backwards-looking elevation view, side cutaway view 
           [0066]      FIG. 17  depicts a receiver coupler—bottom elevation view 
           [0067]      FIG. 18  depicts a receiver coupler—backwards-looking elevation view 
           [0068]      FIG. 19  depicts a receiver coupler—top elevation view 
           [0069]      FIG. 20  depicts a receiver coupler—bottom cutaway view 
           [0070]      FIG. 21  depicts a receiver coupler—side cutaway view 
           [0071]      FIG. 22  depicts a receiver—side cutaway view 
           [0072]      FIG. 23  depicts a receiver, trocar inserted—side cutaway view 
           [0073]      FIG. 24  depicts a locking plate—backwards-looking elevation view, side cross section view 
           [0074]      FIG. 25  depicts a receiver, opt 1—exploded perspective view 
           [0075]      FIG. 26  depicts a receiver, opt 1—side cutaway view 
           [0076]      FIG. 27  depicts a receiver, trocar inserted, opt 1—side cutaway view 
           [0077]      FIG. 28  depicts a locking plate, opt 1—backwards-looking elevation view, side cross section view 
           [0078]      FIG. 29  depicts a receiver, opt 2—exploded perspective view 
           [0079]      FIG. 30  depicts a receiver coupler, opt 2—backwards-looking elevation view 
           [0080]      FIG. 31  depicts a receiver coupler, opt 2—top elevation view 
           [0081]      FIG. 32  depicts a receiver coupler, opt 2—side elevation view 
           [0082]      FIG. 33  depicts a receiver, opt 2—side cutaway view 
           [0083]      FIG. 34  depicts a receiver, trocar inserted, opt 2—side cutaway view 
           [0084]      FIG. 35  depicts a locking plate, opt 2—backwards-looking elevation view 
           [0085]      FIG. 36  depicts a locking plate, opt 2—top elevation view 
           [0086]      FIG. 37  depicts a locking plate, opt 2—side elevation view 
           [0087]      FIG. 38  depicts a locking roller—backwards-looking elevation view, top elevation view 
           [0088]      FIG. 39  depicts a shield backwards-looking elevation view, side cutaway view 
           [0089]      FIG. 40  depicts a dispenser and receiver system—second exploded perspective view 
       
    
    
       [0000]    
       
         
           
               1 —Trocar 
               2 —Trocar tip 
               3 —Trocar shaft 
               4 —Trocar distal end 
               5 —Drainage tubing 
               6 —Dispenser 
               7 —Dispenser handle 
               8 —Dispenser handle lip 
               9 —Dispenser handle aperture 
               10 —Channel for sheath guide rail 
               11 —Channel for coupler guide rail 
               12 —Opening for trigger release button 
               13 —Trigger guard 
               14 —Dispenser handle inner lip back-stop 
               15 —Dispenser handle distal aperture 
               16 —Guide channel for drainage tubing 
               17 —Dispenser handle thumb grip 
               18 —Coupler 
               19 —Coupler guide rail 
               20 —Coupler proximal aperture 
               21 —Coupler distal aperture 
               22 —Coupler feet 
               23 —Dispenser handle interference #1 to coupler feet 
               24 —Dispenser handle interference #2 to coupler feet 
               25 —Coupler—opt 1 
               26 —Coupler guide rail—opt 1 
               27 —Coupler proximal aperture—opt 1 
               28 —Coupler distal aperture—opt 1 
               29 —Coupler feet—opt 1 
               30 —Coupler feet protuberance—opt 1 
               31 —Dispenser handle interference #1 to coupler feet—opt 1 
               32 —Dispenser handle interference #2 to coupler feet—opt 1 
               33 —Dispenser handle interference #3 to coupler feet—opt 1 
               34 —Coupler—opt 2 
               35 —Coupler guide rail—opt 2 
               36 —Coupler proximal aperture—opt 2 
               37 —Coupler feet—opt 2 
               38 —Trocar shaft—option 
               39 —Dispenser handle interference #1 to coupler feet—opt 2 
               40 —Dispenser handle interference #2 to coupler feet—opt 2 
               41 —Sheath 
               42 —Sheath guide rail 
               43 —Slot in sheath 
               44 —Sheath aperture 
               45 —Sheath lip edge 
               46 —Sheath proximal end trocar tip support 
               47 —Sheath trigger release button 
               48 —Sheath stop against inner wall of receiver handle lip 
               49 —Receiver 
               50 —Receiver coupler 
               51 —Receiver handle 
               52 —Locking mechanism 
               53 —Shield 
               54 —Receiver handle grip 
               55 —Receiver handle grip aperture 
               56 —Receiver handle grip outer aperture 
               57 —Receiver handle grip joining-surface circumference 
               58 —Receiver handle grip joining-surface protuberances 
               59 —Receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge 
               60 —Flared base 
               61 —Receiver coupler 
               62 —Receiver coupler outer aperture 
               63 —Receiver coupler inner aperture 
               64 —Receiver coupler axial channel 
               65 —Receiver coupler slot  1  for handle grip 
               66 —Receiver coupler slot  2  for handle grip 
               67 —Receiver coupler top slot 
               68 —Receiver coupler bottom slot 
               69 —Receiver coupler spring channel 
               70 —Locking plate top tab 
               71 —Locking plate bottom tab 
               72 —Locking plate 
               73 —Locking plate angle 
               74 —Locking plate aperture 
               75 —Spring 
               76 —Receiver coupler—opt 1 
               77 —Receiver coupler outer surface—opt 1 
               78 —Receiver coupler outer aperture—opt 1 
               79 —Flared base 
               80 —Receiver coupler inner aperture—opt 1 
               81 —Receiver coupler axial channel—opt 1 
               82 —Receiver coupler slot  1  for handle grip—opt 1 
               83 —Receiver coupler slot  2  for handle grip—opt 1 
               84 —Receiver coupler top slot—opt 1 
               85 —Receiver coupler bottom slot—opt 1 
               86 —Locking mechanism—opt 1 
               87 —Locking plate top tab—opt 1 
               88 —Locking plate bottom tab—opt 1 
               89 —Locking plate—opt 1 
               90 —Locking plate angle—opt 1 
               91 —Locking plate aperture—opt 1 
               92 —Locking plate aperture protuberances 
               93 —Receiver coupler—opt 2 
               94 —Receiver coupler outer surface—opt 2 
               95 —Receiver coupler outer aperture—opt 2 
               96 —Flared base 
               97 —Receiver coupler inner aperture—opt 2 
               98 —Receiver coupler axial channel—opt 2 
               99 —Receiver coupler slot  1  for handle grip—opt 2 
               100 —Receiver coupler slot  2  for handle grip—opt 2 
               101 —Receiver coupler top slot—opt 2 
               102 —Receiver coupler bottom slot—opt 2 
               103 —Locking mechanism—opt 2 
               104 —Plate top bracket leads—opt 2 
               105 —Plate bottom bracket leads—opt 2 
               106 —Plate—opt 2 
               107 —Plate aperture—opt 2 
               108 —Locking rollers 
               109 —Shield proximal surface 
               110 —Shield proximal aperture 
               111 —Shield distal aperture 
               112 —Shield lip 
           
         
       
     
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0202]    In the description that follows, any reference to either orientation or direction is intended primarily and solely for the purpose of illustration and is not intended in any way as a limitation of the scope of the present invention or its claims. Also, the particular embodiments described herein although being noted as preferred are not to be considered as limiting of the present invention. Furthermore, like-parts or like-elements in the various drawings hereto are identified by like-numerals. 
         [0203]      FIG. 1  illustrates the device according to the present invention by an exploded view showing the safety dispenser  6  (showing a dispenser handle  7  and sheath  41 ) and including the presence of a trocar  1  and drainage tubing  5 . This figure also illustrates the safety grip receiver  49  (showing a shield  53  and the shield proximal aperture  110 , and a receiver handle grip  54  and the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55 ). The components of the invention are explained in the following figures and paragraphs. 
         [0204]      FIG. 2  illustrates an exploded perspective view of the preferred embodiment of the dispenser  6  according to the present invention, illustrating the various component parts and structure as well as their assembly. Generally the dispenser  6  comprises a rigid, hollow handle  7  with an axial channel  16 , a proximal handle aperture  9  and a distal handle aperture  15 . The subsequent figures explain the detailed features of the components and structure in greater detail. 
         [0205]      FIG. 3  illustrates a side cutaway view showing half of the dispenser handle  7  (a “handle”), whose features are mirrored identically with the opposite half of the dispenser handle. On the inside wall of the dispenser handle  7  are formed various guide channels to facilitate the internal alignment of the various components. These guide channels include: an internal dispenser axial channel  16  that is comprised of the hollow interior of the dispenser handle  7 , which conducts drainage tubing  5  in a generally straight path from the dispenser handle distal aperture  15  to the dispenser handle proximal aperture  9 ; a pair of internal guide channels  10  that is approximately 1.5 mm in depth to conduct a pair of sheath guide-rails  42  (discussed below); and an internal guide channel  11  that is approximately 1.3 mm in depth to conduct a coupler guide-rail  19  (discussed below). The depth of the guide channel  11  for the coupler guide rail  19  gradually decreases at the termination point at the distal end of the guide channel  11 , terminating in an interference feature  24 . At the proximal end of the guide channel  11 , the channel terminates in a second interference feature  23 . 
         [0206]    The inner diameters of the hollow dispenser handle axial channel  16  and proximal dispenser handle aperture  9  are sufficient to accommodate a coupler  18  (discussed below) and a sheath  41  (discussed below) that encompasses the coupler  18 , hence the proximal dispenser handle aperture  9  is selected from a range of between 0.3 mm to 25 mm in diameter, preferentially 15 mm in diameter. The length of the dispenser handle  7  is sufficient to encompass the sheath  41  that may be fully retracted within the dispenser handle  7 , and the trocar  1  within it, hence is selected from a range of 40 mm to 300 mm and is preferentially 130 mm. The inner diameters of the hollow dispenser handle axial channel  16  and distal dispenser handle aperture  15  are sufficient to accommodate drainage tubing  5 . 
         [0207]    The outside height of the dispenser handle  7  in the vertical direction shown in  FIG. 3  is formed in a generally bulbous shape, curving with a backwards-reclining “s” curve. The resultant shape permits a clinician to hold the dispenser handle  7  in a relaxed, neutral position in the wrist and fingers. The proximal end of the dispenser handle  7  that is gripped by the thumb and forefinger measures approximately 15 mm to 35 mm, preferentially 20 mm, which is relatively narrower in diameter compared to the midsection of the dispenser handle  7 . The midsection is the thickest portion of the dispenser handle  7  and comprises an outer diameter that may be comfortably gripped in the palm of a clinician&#39;s hand, approximately 25 mm to 50 mm, preferentially 35 mm. Towards the distal end, the dispenser handle  7  tapers inwards to a narrower diameter relative to the midsection and measures approximately 20 mm to 30 mm, preferentially 25 mm. 
         [0208]    The tapering at the distal end of the dispenser handle  7  and, along the lower edge, the downwards curve in a reclining “s” curved shape provides a compressed and slanted inner surface lip area  14  of the dispenser handle  7 , such that the inner surface  14  of the dispenser handle  7  is slanted at an acute angle, measured from direction parallel to the axial channel direction and towards the distal end of the dispenser handle  7 , which provides a designed-in lip  14  to backstop a sheath trigger release button  47  (discussed below). 
         [0209]    The proximal end of the dispenser handle  7  comprises a flared shape and dispenser handle lip  8  behind which the clinician&#39;s hand would enclose the dispenser handle  7 . The flared shape lends support to the dispenser handle lip  8  and is shaped at an inclined slope (measured from the direction parallel to the axial channel in the proximal direction and towards the proximal end of the dispenser handle  7 ) of approximately 45 degrees, so that the opening of the clinician&#39;s hand between his thumb and forefinger may comfortably grip the dispenser handle  7  behind the dispenser handle lip  8 . The outside diameter of the dispenser handle lip  8  extends in a preferentially elliptical shape in the direction transverse to the axial channel beyond the edges of the clinician&#39;s hand so that the dispenser handle lip  8  provides support when the clinician pushes against it. It is contemplated an alternative shape also comprises a circle, rectangle, or other shapes. The width and height of the dispenser handle lip  8  ranges from 10 mm to 50 mm, preferentially a width of 32 mm by a height of 45 mm, affording an overlap section (measured from the edge of the dispenser handle proximal aperture  9  to the edge of the dispenser handle lip  8 ) of preferentially 32 mm in the height direction and 45 mm in the width direction. A section along the top 17 of the dispenser handle  7 , at the proximal end behind and adjacent to the dispenser handle lip  8 , comprises a texturized surface for a thumb grip  17  upon which the clinician can optionally position and push with his thumb. 
         [0210]    In the preferred embodiment, at the bottom of the dispenser handle  7  at the proximal end immediately behind the dispenser handle lip  8  is an opening  12  that accommodates the sheath trigger release button  47 . At the bottom of the dispenser handle  7 , behind (in the distal direction) the dispenser handle lip  8  and trigger opening  12  is a stub that forms a trigger guard  13 . The clinician rests his finger on this trigger guard  13  while guiding the dispenser handle  7  and trocar  1  in Disarmed Mode (defined below) within the surgical site but before exposing the trocar tip  2  in Armed Mode (defined below). Preferentially, the surface of the trigger guard  13  and the area adjacent to it in the distal direction are formed with a texturized surface similar to the thumb grip  17 . It is contemplated an alternative embodiment for the position of the trigger guard  13  is behind the dispenser handle lip  8  (in the distal direction), between the dispenser handle lip  8  and the trigger opening  12 . It is also contemplated an alternative embodiment for the dispenser handle  7  is to fabricate it without a trigger opening  12  or a trigger guard  13 . 
         [0211]    For ease of manufacturing, the dispenser handle  7  is molded into two halves, into which the inner components are aligned and placed (without requiring any fixation), and then the second half of the dispenser handle  7  is joined and fixated with an appropriate adhesive means known in the art. 
         [0212]      FIG. 4  illustrates a side view and a frontwards-looking cross section E-E view. The side view in  FIG. 4  illustrates a trocar  1 , which is positioned within a sheath  41  (discussed below), which is positioned within the dispenser handle  7 .  FIG. 4  also shows features that will be discussed below, including the sheath lip  45 , sheath guide rails  42 , and sheath slot  43 . 
         [0213]    The frontwards-looking cross section E-E view in  FIG. 4  illustrates the trocar  1 , which is positioned within a coupler  18  (discussed below), which is positioned within the sheath  41 , which is positioned within the dispenser handle  7 . Further, the frontwards-looking section view illustrates the sheath guide channels  10  accommodating the sheath guide rails  42 , the sheath guide channel  11  accommodating the coupler guide rail  19 , and the sheath&#39;s interleaved slot  43  accommodating both the coupler guide channel  11  and coupler guide rail  19 . 
         [0214]    The frontwards-looking cross section E-E view in  FIG. 4  further illustrates the horizontal profile of the dispenser handle  7 , which consists of a constant width measuring approximately 15 mm to 30 mm, preferentially 20 mm. 
         [0215]      FIG. 5  illustrates a backwards-facing elevation view, side elevation view, and top cutaway section P-P view of the preferred embodiment of the coupler  18 . The coupler  18  is generally a rigid, cylindrical encasement with a hollow axial channel and an aperture at the proximal  20  and distal  21  ends through which a trocar  1  is passed. Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the coupler proximal aperture  20 , coupler distal aperture  21 , and the axial channel of the coupler  18  is selected from a range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm and preferentially from 3 mm-7 mm (plus any minimal manufacturing tolerance clearances). By fabricating a coupler aperture  20 ,  21  and axial channel with a particular diameter, therefore, the coupler  18  acts as an adapter that is selected to fit a particular trocar  1  size. 
         [0216]    This figure also shows extending along the full-length in a direction parallel to the axial channel of the coupler  18  on two diametrically opposed outside surfaces are two coupler guide rails  19  that are each approximately 1.3 mm in height. These coupler guide rails  19  are formed to and fit into the corresponding channels  11  formed on the inner surface of the dispenser handle  7 . At the distal end of the coupler  18  extending beyond the coupler distal aperture  21  in the distal direction, the coupler guide rails  19  extend into two hinged coupler feet  22  that grip the trocar distal end  4 . At the distal end of each of the coupler feet  22  is formed an inwardly facing pronged protuberance that presses against the ribbed or other type of connector (an “adjoining geometry”) at the trocar distal end  4 , which connects drainage tubing  5  to the trocar  1 . 
         [0217]      FIG. 6  illustrates various views of a dispenser handle  7  encompassing an extended sheath  41 , a trocar  1  protected within the sheath  41  in the Disarmed Mode (defined below), and drainage tubing  5 . A top elevation view shows the dispenser handle  7 , the extended sheath  41 , and drainage tubing  5 ; a side cutaway section A-A view and top cutaway section B-B view each shows the dispenser handle  7 , the extended sheath  41 , the protected trocar  1 , a coupler  18 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 ; an enlargement detail A of the top cutaway section B-B view highlights the detail of the trocar shaft  3  and its distal end  4 , the coupler  18 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 . 
         [0218]    The side cutaway section A-A view illustrates the preferred embodiment for the position of the trigger guard  13 , adjacent (in the distal direction) to the opening  12  (a “handle catch release mechanism”) for the trigger release button  47  (a “sheath catch release mechanism”), at the proximal end of the dispenser handle  7 . 
         [0219]    The top cutaway section B-B view and enlargement detail A illustrate the preferred embodiment for the gripping mechanism, showing the coupler feet  22  gripping the distal end  4  of the trocar shaft  3 . The handle guide channel  11  terminates in the distal direction at interference stub  24  (a “handle catch-mechanism”), acting as a backstop that stops each of the coupler guide rails  19  (a “coupler catch mechanism”) and prevents the coupler  18  from moving further backwards (in the distal direction) into the dispenser handle  7 . The decreasing depth of the dispenser handle guide channel  11  at interference stub  24  also pushes the coupler feet  22  inwards, inducing inwards pressure upon the ribbed end at the trocar distal end  4  where the trocar  1  connects to drainage tubing  5 , and grips the trocar firmly. Since the coupler  18  is stopped from moving further backwards (in the distal direction) into the dispenser handle  7 , the gripped trocar  1  is also stopped from moving further backwards. 
         [0220]      FIG. 7  illustrates various views of a dispenser handle  7  encompassing a fully-retracted sheath  41 , a trocar  1  extended out of the sheath  41  and dispenser handle  7  in the Armed Mode (defined below), and drainage tubing  5 . A top elevation view shows the dispenser handle  7 , the trocar  1 , and drainage tubing  5 ; a side cutaway section C-C view and top cutaway section D-D view each shows the dispenser handle  7 , the retracted sheath  41 , the exposed trocar  1 , a coupler  18 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 ; an enlargement detail B of the top cutaway section D-D view highlights the detail of the trocar  1  and its distal end  4 , the coupler  18 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 . The above features notwithstanding, it is also contemplated that an alternative trocar backstop could be formed at the distal end within the dispenser handle  7  without requiring the implementation of a coupler  18 . 
         [0221]    The side cutaway section C-C view illustrates the sheath lip edge  45  (a “sheath catch mechanism”) of the fully retracted sheath  41  pressed against the dispenser handle lip  8  (a “handle catch mechanism”), thereby preventing the sheath  41  from retracting further into the dispenser handle  7 . The side cutaway section C-C view also illustrates the sheath trigger release button  47  locked against the dispenser handle inner backstop  14  by friction, which prevents the sheath  41  from extending, absent a clinician pulling the sheath with force sufficient to overcome the friction. 
         [0222]    The top cutaway section D-D view and enlargement detail B illustrate the preferred embodiment for a coupler guide rail  19  stopped at the interference stub  23  (a “handle catch-mechanism”) at the proximal end of the dispenser handle coupler guide channel  11 , which catches on the proximal edges of the coupler guide rails  19  and therefore prevents the coupler  18  from exiting the dispenser handle  7  in the proximal direction. Because each coupler foot  22  has cleared the interference stub  24 , the coupler feet  22  are released from squeezing the trocar distal end  4  and the coupler feet  22  no longer grip the trocar  1 . Therefore, while the coupler  18  is stopped within the dispenser handle  7 , the trocar  1  and drainage tubing  5  can be pulled through the coupler proximal aperture  20  and distal aperture  21  and completely out of the dispenser handle  7 . 
         [0223]      FIG. 8  illustrates a backwards-facing elevation view, side elevation view, and top cutaway section Q-Q view of an alternative embodiment of a coupler  25 , which is implemented similarly to the preferred embodiment except for the coupler feet  29 . The coupler  25  is generally a rigid, cylindrical encasement with a hollow axial channel and an aperture at the proximal  27  and distal  28  ends through which a trocar  1  is passed. Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the coupler proximal aperture  27 , coupler distal aperture  28 , and the axial channel of the coupler  25  is selected from a range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm (plus any minimal manufacturing tolerance clearances). By customizing the coupler apertures  27 ,  28  and axial channel with a particular diameter, the coupler  25  acts as an adapter that is selected to fit a particular trocar size. 
         [0224]    Extending along the full-length in a direction parallel to the axial channel of the coupler  25  on two diametrically opposed outside surfaces are two coupler guide rails  26  that are each approximately 2.5 mm in height. Each coupler guide rail  26  is formed to fit into the corresponding channel  11  formed on the inner surface of the dispenser handle  7 . At the distal end of the coupler  25  extending beyond the distal coupler aperture  28 , the coupler guide rails extend into two hinged coupler feet  29  in the distal direction, which grip the trocar distal end  4 . Each of the feet  29  contains an inwardly facing pronged protuberance  30  on the inner surface near the midsection of the foot  29 , which presses against an orifice or notch formed at the trocar distal end  4 . 
         [0225]      FIG. 9  illustrates various views of a dispenser handle  7  encompassing an extended sheath  41 , a trocar  1  protected within the sheath  41  in the Disarmed Mode (defined below), and drainage tubing  5 . A top elevation view shows the dispenser handle  7 , the extended sheath  41 , and drainage tubing  5 ; a side cutaway section F-F view and top cutaway section H-H view show the dispenser handle  7 , the extended sheath  41 , the protected trocar  1 , the alternative embodiment of the coupler  25 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 ; an enlargement detail C of the top cutaway section H-H view highlights the detail of the trocar shaft  3  and its distal end  4 , the coupler  25 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 . 
         [0226]    The top cutaway section H-H view and enlargement detail C illustrate the alternative embodiment for the gripping mechanism between the coupler feet  29  and the trocar distal end  4 . The dispenser handle coupler guide channel  11  terminates at interference stub  33 , acting as a backstop that stops the coupler feet  29  and prevents the coupler  25  and trocar  1  from moving further backwards (in the distal direction) into the dispenser handle  7 . The decreasing depth of the dispenser handle coupler guide channel  11  near the channel&#39;s distal termination point (at interference stub  32 ) also pushes the coupler feet  29  inwards, inducing inwards-facing pressure by coupler feet  29  and the coupler feet protuberances  30  upon an adjoining orifice or notch located at the trocar&#39;s distal end  4 , and grips the trocar  1  firmly. Since the coupler  25  is stopped from moving further backwards (in the distal direction) into the dispenser handle  7 , the gripped trocar  1  is also stopped from moving further backwards. 
         [0227]      FIG. 10  illustrates various views of a dispenser handle  7  encompassing a fully-retracted sheath  41 , a trocar  1  extended out of the sheath  41  and dispenser handle  7  in the Armed Mode (defined below), and drainage tubing  5 . A top cutaway view show the dispenser handle  7 , the retracted sheath  41 , the exposed trocar  1 , a coupler  25 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 ; an enlargement detail D of the top cutaway view highlights the detail of the trocar shaft  3  and its distal end  4 , the coupler  25 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 . The top cutaway view and enlargement detail D view each illustrates the alternative embodiment for the coupler guide rail  26  stopped at the interference stub  31  at the proximal end of the dispenser handle inner channel  11 . The interference stub  31  at the proximal end of the dispenser handle channel  11  catches on the proximal edges of the coupler guide rails  26  and prevents the coupler  25  from exiting the dispenser handle  7  in the proximal direction. Because the coupler feet  29  have cleared the interference stub  32 , the coupler feet  29  are released from squeezing the trocar distal end  4 , and the protuberances  30  on the bottom of the coupler feet  29  no longer grip the trocar&#39;s distal end  4 . Therefore, while the coupler  25  is stopped within the dispenser handle  7 , the trocar  1  and drainage tubing  5  can be pulled through the coupler proximal aperture  27  and distal aperture  28  and completely out of the dispenser handle  7 . 
         [0228]      FIG. 11  illustrates a backwards-facing elevation view, side elevation view, and top cutaway section R-R view of a second alternative embodiment of a coupler  34 , which is implemented similarly to the preferred embodiment except for the coupler feet  37 . The coupler  34  is generally a rigid, cylindrical encasement with a hollow axial channel and an aperture  36  at the proximal and distal ends through which a trocar  1  is passed. Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the coupler proximal and distal apertures  36  and the axial channel of the coupler  34  is selected from a range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm (plus any minimal manufacturing tolerance clearances). By customizing the coupler aperture  36  and axial channel with a particular diameter, the coupler  34  acts as an adapter that is selected to fit a particular trocar size. 
         [0229]    Extending along the full-length in a direction parallel to the axial channel of the coupler  34  on two diametrically opposed outside surfaces are two coupler guide rails  35  that are each approximately 2.5 mm in height. Each coupler guide rail  35  is formed to fit into the corresponding channel  11  formed on the inner surface of the dispenser handle  7 . At the proximal end of the coupler  34  extending beyond the proximal coupler aperture  36  in the proximal direction, the coupler guide rails  35  extend into two hinged coupler feet  37 , which grip a notch or ridge in a trocar shaft  38  (discussed below). 
         [0230]      FIG. 12  illustrates a top cutaway view showing the dispenser handle  7  encompassing an extended sheath  41 , a trocar  1  protected within the sheath  41  in the Disarmed Mode (defined below), the second alternative embodiment of the coupler  34 , and trailing drainage tubing  5 . An enlargement detail E of the top cutaway view highlights the detail of the trocar shaft  38 , the coupler  34 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 . 
         [0231]    The top cutaway view and enlargement detail E illustrate the second alternative embodiment for the gripping mechanism between the coupler feet  37  and an orifice or notch formed in the trocar shaft  38 . The dispenser handle coupler guide channel  11  terminates in the distal direction at interference stub  40  (a “handle catch-mechanism”), acting as a backstop that stops each of the coupler guide rails  35  (a “coupler catch-mechanism”) and prevents the coupler  34  from moving further backwards (in the distal direction) into the dispenser handle  7 . The decreasing depth of the dispenser handle coupler guide channel  11  at the channel&#39;s proximal termination point (at interference stub  39 ) also pushes the coupler feet  37  inwards, inducing inwards-facing pressure upon an adjoining notch or ridge located on the trocar&#39;s shaft  38 , and grips the trocar firmly. Since the coupler  34  is stopped from moving further backwards (in the distal direction) into the dispenser handle  7 , the gripped trocar  1  is also stopped from moving further backwards. 
         [0232]      FIG. 13  illustrates a top cutaway view of the dispenser handle  7 , a fully-retracted sheath  41 , a trocar  1  extended out of the sheath  41  and dispenser handle  7  in the Armed Mode (defined below), a coupler  34 , and trailing drainage tubing  5 . An enlargement detail F of the top cutaway view highlights the detail of the trocar shaft  38 , the coupler  34 , and the trailing drainage tubing  5 . The top cutaway view and enlargement detail F illustrate the second alternative embodiment for the coupler guide rail  35  stopped at the interference stub  39  at the proximal end of the dispenser handle coupler guide channel  11 . The interference stub  39  (a “handle catch-mechanism”) at the proximal end of the dispenser handle coupler guide channel  11  catches on the proximal edge of the coupler guide rail  35  and prevents the coupler  34  from exiting the dispenser handle  7  in the proximal direction. Because the coupler feet  37  have cleared the interference stub  39 , the coupler feet  37  are released from squeezing the trocar shaft  38  and the coupler feet  37  no longer grip the trocar shaft  38 . Therefore, while the coupler  34  is stopped within the dispenser handle  7 , the trocar  1  and drainage tubing  5  can be pulled through the coupler proximal aperture  36  and completely out of the dispenser handle  7 . 
         [0233]    The above features notwithstanding, it is comtemplated an alternative embodiment for the dispenser  6  is to fabricate it without a coupler  18 . 
         [0234]    A third alternative embodiment for a structure within the dispenser handle  7  to stop and prevent a gripped trocar from moving further backwards than desired within the dispenser handle  7  comprises a dispenser handle guide channel  16  for the drainage tubing  5  that follows an elbow-bend (a “divergent direction pathway”) within the dispenser handle  7 , rather than a straight lengthwise channel within the dispenser handle  7 . The angle of the elbow-bend ranges up to 90 degrees, measured from the direction of the axial channel of the dispenser handle  7  in the distal direction, of degree sufficient to block a coupler  34  (or the distal end of a trocar  1  if no coupler  18  is present in the dispenser  6  according to an alternative embodiment) from moving backwards beyond the elbow-bend (a “divergent direction pathway”) within the dispenser handle  7 . An alternative exit pathway for the dispenser handle distal aperture  15  other than the rear of the dispenser handle is also contemplated, which would facilitate the elbow-bend of the dispenser handle guide channel  16 . 
         [0235]      FIG. 14  illustrates a backwards-looking elevation view, upside-down side elevation view, top elevation view, and side cutaway section N-N view of the preferred embodiment of the sheath  41 . Generally, the sheath  41  is a rigid, cylindrical encasement with a hollow axial channel (a “sheath channel”) defined by an aperture  44  at the proximal and distal ends and an axial channel through which a trocar  1  is passed. The diameter of the distal and proximal sheath aperture  44  and sheath channel is constant and sized to accommodate a range of trocar diameters plus a clearance gap, hence is selected from a range of between 0.5 mm to 25 mm in diameter and preferentially 10 mm in diameter. The length of the sheath  41  is sufficient to accommodate the length of the trocar  1 . Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar  1  whose length may range 40 mm to 300 mm, preferentially 150 mm, the length of the sheath  41  is selected from a range of 40 mm to 300 mm and is preferentially 125 mm. 
         [0236]    The backwards-looking elevation view illustrates a surface edge lip  45  is formed at the proximal end of the sheath  41 , in a direction transverse to the sheath aperture  44  with a width defined as the integral from the edge of the sheath aperture  44  to the outside circumference of the edge lip  45 , ranging from 1 mm to 30 mm and preferentially 16 mm. 
         [0237]    The upside-down side elevation view shows one of two pairs of rail-guides  42  extending along the full-length of the sheath  41  in a direction parallel to the axial channel on two diametrically opposed outside surfaces of the sheath  41 , each preferentially 1.5 mm in height. Each pair of rail-guides  42  fits into the corresponding channels  10  formed on the inner surface of the dispenser handle  7 . Situated between the pair of rail-guides  42  is a gap  43 , preferentially 3.5 mm in width. The gap  43  forms an opening in the wall of the sheath  41 , hence forming a slot  43  whose length extends from the distal end of the sheath  41  to a specified distance from the edge-lip  45  at the proximal end. The specified distance from the edge-lip  45  to the edge of the slot  43  keeps the trocar tip  2  covered when the sheath  41  is extended over the trocar  1 . The specified distance ranges from 2 mm to 30 mm and is preferentially 10 mm in length. The slot  43  aligns with the position of the coupler guide rail  19  so that the sheath  41  and the coupler  18  each moves back and forth independently from and without interfering with the other&#39;s movement. 
         [0238]    The top elevation view shows the top of the sheath  41  near the distal end comprises a sheath stop  48  (a “sheath catch-mechansim”) that stops the sheath  41  against the inner wall (a “handle catch-mechanism”) of the dispenser handle proximal aperture  9 . This stop  48  prevents the sheath  41  from extending further out of the dispenser handle  7  when the sheath  41  is fully extended. 
         [0239]    The side cutaway section N-N view shows the underside at the distal end of the sheath  41  comprises a sheath trigger release button  47  that, in the neutral position, locks the sheath  41  in the fully extended position out of the dispenser handle  7  so that the trocar  1  is fully and safely covered and protected (the “Disarmed Mode”). In the Disarmed Mode, the sheath trigger release button  47  fits within and protrudes out of the dispenser handle trigger release button opening  12 . The sheath trigger release button  47  keeps the sheath in the extended position because the sheath trigger release button  47  is blocked from moving out of the dispenser handle opening  12  by the front and back-side walls of the opening  12 . 
         [0240]    When the sheath trigger release button  47  (a “sheath catch-release mechanism”) is depressed, the sheath  41  is released from the extended position and permitted to retract into the dispenser handle  7 , thereby exposing the trocar tip  2  for deployment (the “Armed Mode”). The sheath trigger release button  47  is preferentially formed out of plastic that is attached to the sheath  41  at the proximal end and curved in the shape of a semicircle or other shape towards the distal end of the sheath  41 . It is contemplated that alternative materials for the sheath trigger release button  47  comprise metal or other rigid materials of sufficient tensile strength to retain its formed shape and to return to its formed shape after being depressed. 
         [0241]    When the sheath  41  is fully retracted into the dispenser handle  7 , the sheath trigger release button  47  is back-stopped against the lip back-stop  14  inside the dispenser handle  7  by friction between the sheath trigger release button  47  and the lip back-stop  14  (as discussed in  FIG. 7 ). This friction provides tactile resistance against extracting the sheath  41  out of the dispenser handle  7  and keeps the sheath  41  fully refracted, unless the clinician consciously exerts pulling force on the sheath  41  to re-extract the sheath  41  out of the handle  7 . The above features notwithstanding, it is contemplated an alternative embodiment for the sheath  41  is to fabricate it without a trigger release button  47 . 
         [0242]    The side cutaway section N-N view of  FIG. 14  also shows the sheath proximal end trocar tip support  46 , which supports the encased trocar when the sheath is fully extended over the trocar. The diameter of the sheath proximal end trocar tip support  46  matches the diameter of the selected trocar  1 , hence is chosen from 0.5 mm to 15 mm (plus a minimal manufacturing tolerance clearance) to fit the selected trocar  1 . Therefore, the sheath proximal end trocar tip support  46  is customized and selected to fit a particular trocar. The above features notwithstanding, it is contemplated an alternative embodiment for the dispenser  6  is to fabricate it without a sheath  41 . 
         [0243]      FIG. 15  illustrates an exploded view of the preferred embodiment of the receiver  49  (a “handle grip”). The receiver  49  is comprised of a receiver handle  51 , an integrated receiver coupler  50 , an integrated locking mechanism  52  and a shield  53 . 
         [0244]      FIG. 16  illustrates a backwards-looking elevation view and side cutaway section U-U view of the preferred embodiment of the receiver handle  51 . Generally, the receiver handle grip  54  is a rigid, hollow, cylindrical encasement with a receiver handle grip inner aperture  55  at the proximal end and a hollow interior through which a trocar tip  2  is inserted. Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the proximal receiver handle grip aperture  55  is chosen from a range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm (plus a minimal manufacturing tolerance clearance) to fit the selected trocar  1 . Therefore, the proximal receiver handle grip aperture  55  is customized and selected to fit a particular trocar. 
         [0245]    At the proximal end of the receiver handle grip  54 , the outside diameter of the receiver handle grip joining-surface  57  is sized to match the inner surface of the shield distal aperture  111 , preferentially 22 mm in width by 28.5 mm in height and formed in an elliptical shape, so that the shield  53  is fitted over and retained on the receiver handle grip  54 . It is contemplated an alternative shape also comprises a circle, rectangle, or other shapes. Four protuberances  58  are formed on the receiver handle grip joining-surface  57  to provide frictional resistance when inserting the shield distal aperture  111  over the receiver handle grip joining-surface  57  so that a tight fit is achieved between the shield  53  and the receiver handle grip  54 , and the shield  53  will not slide off without the application of significant twisting and pulling force. 
         [0246]    The diameter of the receiver handle grip outer aperture  56  at the proximal end of the receiver handle grip  54  is sized to match the shield proximal aperture  110 , (discussed in  FIG. 22 ,  FIG. 39 , and others) so that the shield proximal surface  109  mates smoothly and contiguously with the proximal surface of the receiver handle grip  54 . 
         [0247]    The outer dimensions of the receiver handle grip  54  are shaped preferentially as an ellipse and sized so that a clinician may comfortably hold the receiver handle grip  54  in his hand, preferentially 26 mm in height by 33 mm in width. It is contemplated an alternative shape also comprises a circle, rectangle, or other shapes. The receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge  59  is open so that it can be inserted and fixated into an adjoining slot  65  in the flared base  60  of the receiver coupler  50 . 
         [0248]      FIG. 17 through 21  illustrate different views of the preferred embodiment of the receiver coupler  50 . 
         [0249]      FIG. 17  shows a bottom elevation view;  FIG. 18  shows a backwards-looking elevation view;  FIG. 19  shows a top elevation view;  FIG. 20  shows a bottom cutaway section W-W view;  FIG. 21  shows a side cutaway section V-V view of the receiver coupler  50 . 
         [0250]    The bottom elevation view in  FIG. 17  shows that the bottom surface at the proximal end of the receiver coupler outer surface  61  comprises a receiver coupler bottom slot  68  that is located a specified distance from the proximal edge of the receiver coupler  50  in the direction parallel to the axial channel and is preferentially 4.5 mm wide and 2 mm long. The specified distance for the receiver coupler bottom slot  68  from the proximal edge of the receiver coupler outer surface  61  ranges from 2 mm to 10 mm and preferentially is 9 mm. 
         [0251]    The backwards-looking elevation view in  FIG. 18  shows that generally, the receiver coupler  50  is a rigid, hollow, rectangular encasement  61  with bevel-shaped corners forming an outer aperture  62  of dimensions preferentially 14.5 mm by 21.5 mm, and a rounded flared base  60  of size preferentially 31 mm in width by 37 mm in height and formed in an elliptical shape. It is contemplated an alternative shape also comprises a circle, rectangle, or other shapes. This elevation view shows the receiver coupler inner aperture  63  through which a trocar tip  2  is inserted. Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the receiver coupler aperture  63  (and the adjoining receiver axial channel  64 ) is chosen from a range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm (plus a minimal manufacturing tolerance clearance) to fit the selected trocar  1 . Therefore, the receiver coupler aperture  63  (and the adjoining receiver axial channel  64 ) is customized and selected to fit a particular trocar  1 . 
         [0252]      FIG. 18  shows the receiver coupler spring channel  69 , located below the receiver coupler aperture  63 . The diameter of the spring channel  69  is sized to house the locking mechanism spring  75  (discussed below). 
         [0253]      FIG. 18  shows a circumferential slot  65  formed in the flared base  60 . The inner space  66  is the hollow internal space between the sidewall of slot  65  and the sidewall of the receiver coupler axial channel  64 . 
         [0254]    The top elevation view in  FIG. 19  shows that the top surface at the proximal end of the receiver coupler  61  comprises a gap  67  that is preferentially 3 mm wide and extends a specified length in the direction parallel to the axial channel. The gap  67  forms an opening in the surface of the receiver coupler  61 , hence forms the receiver coupler top slot  67  that defines the amount of travel permitted for an adjoining locking plate top tab  70 . The specified length for the receiver coupler top slot  67  ranges from 2 mm to 20 mm and preferentially is 8 mm. 
         [0255]    The bottom cutaway section W-W view in  FIG. 20  shows the receiver coupler inner aperture  63  and the receiver axial channel  64 , through which a trocar tip  2  is inserted. The receiver coupler outer aperture  62  is open-ended to accept the insertion of the receiver handle grip inner aperture surface  55 ; the receiver coupler aperture  63  aligns to the receiver handle grip aperture  55 , and the receiver coupler axial channel  64  aligns to the axial channel of the receiver handle grip  54 . 
         [0256]      FIG. 20  also shows the distal end of the receiver coupler  50  tapers slightly wider into a rounded flared base  60 , to a diameter preferentially of 37 mm, to provide a comfortable backstop for the bottom of the clinician&#39;s gripping hand. The base at the distal and bottom end of the receiver coupler  50  is preferentially closed and solid. This figure also shows the circumferential slot  65  formed in the flared base  60  and the inner hollow space  66 . 
         [0257]    The side cutaway section V-V view in  FIG. 21  is similar to the bottom cutaway section W-W view of  FIG. 20  and shows the receiver coupler outer aperture  62 , the receiver coupler inner aperture  63  at the proximal end of the receiver coupler  50 , the receiver axial channel  64 , the flared base  60 , and the circumferential slot  65  formed in the flared base  60 . 
         [0258]      FIG. 21  also shows the receiver coupler spring channel  69  located below the receiver coupler axial channel  64 , parallel to the direction of the axial channel. The spring channel  69  is positioned behind and adjacent, in the distal direction, to the position of a locking plate  72  (discussed below). The diameter of the spring channel  69  is sized to house the locking mechanism spring  75  (discussed below). 
         [0259]      FIG. 22  shows a side cutaway view of the integrated receiver  49 , comprised of the shield  53  including the shield surface  109  and other features discussed in  FIG. 39 , the receiver handle  51  including the receiver handle grip  54  and other features discussed in  FIG. 16 , the receiver coupler  50  including the receiver coupler outer surface  61  and other features discussed in  FIGS. 17 to 21 , and the locking mechanism  52  including the locking plate  72  and other features discussed in  FIGS. 23 and 24 . No trocar is present in the system in this figure. 
         [0260]    This figure shows the attachment of the shield  53  to the receiver handle  51  via the shield distal aperture&#39;s  111  insertion onto the receiver handle grip joining-surface circumference  57  at the proximal outer edge of the receiver handle grip outer aperture  56 . The surfaces are fixated via friction between the shield distal aperture inner surface  111  and the receiver handle grip joining-surface protuberances  58  as noted in  FIG. 16 . This figure also shows the contiguous surface at the junction between the shield proximal surface  109 , shield proximal aperture  110 , the receiver handle grip outer aperture  56  and the proximal surface of the receiver handle grip  54 . 
         [0261]    This figure shows the connection of the receiver coupler  50  to the receiver handle  51  via the concentric insertion of the receiver coupler outer surface  61  into the open-ended receiver handle grip  54 . The receiver coupler outer surface  61  is inserted until the back-edge of the receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge  59  becomes inserted into the circumferential slot  65  formed in the flared base  60  of the receiver coupler  50 . The receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge  59  is fixated into the receiver coupler circumferential slot  65  with an adhesive known in the art to bind plastic or metal, or is fixated simply by the friction of a tight fit. The receiver coupler inner aperture  63  aligns to the receiver handle grip aperture  55 , and the receiver coupler axial channel  64  aligns within the hollow interior of the receiver handle grip  54 . 
         [0262]    This figure shows the preferred embodiment of an integrated locking mechanism  52  (a “locking mechanism”) comprised of a rigid locking plate  72  (a “rigid plate” or “plate”) and a spring  75  (discussed further in  FIG. 24  below). A locking plate bottom tab  71  fits into the adjoining receiver coupler bottom slot  68  and a locking plate top tab  70  fits into and travels within the space defined by the adjoining receiver coupler top slot  67  and the distal edge of the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55 . The combination of the position of the receiver coupler bottom slot  68 , the length of the receiver coupler top slot  67 , and the distal edge of the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55  defines an acute locking plate angle  73  for the plane containing the locking plate  72  relative to the direction parallel to the receiver coupler axial channel  64  in the proximal direction, measured at the point of the receiver coupler bottom slot  68 . The range of specified distances and lengths defined in  FIG. 19  and the thickness of the locking plate  72  defined in  FIG. 24  result in a corresponding locking plate angle  73  ranging from 30 degrees to 90 degrees, preferentially 75 degrees. 
         [0263]    This figure shows the locking mechanism spring  75  of the locking mechanism  52  is a compression spring with a diameter ranging from 2 mm to 10 mm, preferentially 5 mm, which fits inside the receiver coupler spring channel  69  and exerts unsupported compression force against the adjoining locking plate  72  in the proximal direction, pushing the locking plate  72  into locking plate angle  73 . The spring  75  is composed of metal, plastic, or some other tensile material of sufficient tensile strength to pivot the plate within the receiver coupler  50 . 
         [0264]      FIG. 23  is similar to  FIG. 22  and shows a side cutaway view of the integrated receiver  49 , comprised of the shield  53  including the shield surface  109  and other features discussed in  FIG. 39 , the receiver handle  51  including the receiver handle grip  54  and other features discussed in  FIG. 16 , the receiver coupler  50  including the receiver coupler outer surface  61  and other features discussed in  FIGS. 17 to 21 , and the locking mechanism  52  including the locking plate  72  and other features discussed below and in  FIG. 24 . This figure shows the presence of a trocar  1  inserted into the receiver  49 . 
         [0265]    When inserting the trocar  1  into the receiver  49  in the distal direction, the trocar tip  2  passes through the concentrical shield proximal aperture  110 , the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55 , the locking plate aperture  74 , the receiver coupler inner aperture  63 , and into the receiver coupler axial channel  64 . In the distal direction of insertion, the trocar shaft  3  pushes against the locking plate aperture  74  and thereby aligns the locking plate aperture  74  with the direction of the receiver coupler axial channel  64 , therefore into a  90  degree locking plate angle  73  that permits the trocar  1  to pass through the aligned locking plate aperture  74  with low insertion force. 
         [0266]    When attempting to extract the trocar  1  out of the receiver  49  in the proximal direction, the pulling force of the trocar shaft  3  against the locking plate aperture  74  no longer counterposes against the pushing force of the spring  75  but instead supplements the spring&#39;s  75  pushing force. Hence, the pushing force of the spring  75  circumvolves the locking plate  72  and locking plate top tab  70  (as permitted within the length of the receiver coupler top slot  67 ), rotating the locking plate  72  about the fixed point defined by the receiver coupler bottom slot  68  into an acute locking plate angle  73 . The reduced apparent cross-section of the locking plate aperture  74  induced by the deflected locking plate  72  causes the sidewall of the trocar shaft  3  to rub and bind against the edge of the locking plate aperture  74 , with friction that increases with the amount of pulling force exerted upon the trocar  1 , hence firmly retaining the trocar  1  within the receiver  49 . 
         [0267]      FIG. 24  shows a backwards-looking elevation view and a side cross section B 2 -B 2  view of the preferred embodiment of the locking plate  72  portion of the locking mechanism  52 . The rigid locking plate  72  is formed in a rectangular shape with beveled edges to fit within the size and shape of the receiver coupler outside surface  61 . The locking plate  72  comprises a locking plate bottom tab  71  and a locking plate top tab  70 . The diameter of the locking plate aperture  74  (a “locking element aperture”) is chosen to match the diameter of the selected trocar (plus a minimal manufacturing tolerance clearance). Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the locking plate aperture  74  is chosen from a corresponding range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm (plus a minimal manufacturing tolerance clearance). Therefore, the locking plate  72  is customized and selected to fit a particular trocar  1 . The rigid locking plate  72  is composed of metal, plastic, or some other rigid material known in the art. 
         [0268]      FIG. 25  illustrates an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of the receiver  49 . The receiver  49  is comprised of a receiver handle  51 , an alternative embodiment of the integrated receiver coupler  76 , an alternative embodiment of the integrated locking mechanism  86 , and a shield  53 . 
         [0269]      FIG. 26  shows a side cutaway view of the integrated receiver  49 , comprised of the shield  53  including the shield surface  109  and other features discussed in  FIG. 39 , the receiver handle  51  including the receiver handle grip  54  and other features discussed in  FIG. 16 , the receiver coupler  76  including features discussed below, and the locking mechanism  86  including the locking plate  89  and other features discussed in  FIG. 28 . No trocar is present in the system in this figure. 
         [0270]    Similar to  FIG. 22 ,  FIG. 26  shows the attachment of the shield  53  to the receiver handle  51  via the shield distal aperture  111  inserted onto the receiver handle grip joining-surface circumference  57  at the proximal outer edge of the receiver handle grip  54 . The surfaces are fixated via friction between the inner surface of the shield distal aperture  111  and the receiver handle grip joining-surface protuberances  58  as noted in  FIG. 16 . This figure shows the contiguous surface at the junction between the shield proximal surface  109 , shield proximal aperture  110 , and the receiver handle grip outer aperture  56 . 
         [0271]      FIG. 26  shows the connection of the receiver coupler  76  to the receiver handle  51  via the concentric insertion of the receiver coupler outer surface  77  into the open-ended receiver handle grip  54 . The receiver coupler outer surface  77  is inserted until the back-edge of the receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge  59  becomes inserted into the circumferential slot  82  formed in the flared base  79  of the receiver coupler  76 . The receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge  59  is fixated into the receiver coupler circumferential slot  82  with an adhesive known in the art to bind plastic or metal, or is fixated simply by the friction of a tight fit. The receiver coupler inner aperture  80  aligns to the receiver handle grip aperture  55 , and the receiver coupler axial channel  81  aligns to the hollow interior of the receiver handle grip  54 . 
         [0272]    This figure shows an alternative embodiment of an integrated locking mechanism  86  comprised of a rigid locking plate  89  (discussed further in  FIG. 28  below. A locking plate bottom tab  88  fits into the adjoining receiver coupler bottom slot  85  and a locking plate top tab  87  fits into and travels within the space defined by the adjoining receiver coupler top slot  84  and the distal edge of the receiver handle grip aperture  55 . The combination of the position of the receiver coupler bottom slot  85 , the length of the receiver coupler top slot  84 , and the distal edge of the receiver handle grip aperture  55  defines an acute locking plate angle  90  for the plane containing the locking plate  89  relative to the direction parallel to the receiver coupler axial channel  81  in the proximal direction, measured at the point of the receiver coupler bottom slot  85 . The range of specified distances and lengths defined for the receiver coupler top slot  84  (similarly to as discussed in  FIG. 19 ) and the thickness of the locking plate  89  defined in  FIG. 28  result in a corresponding locking plate angle  90  ranging from 30 degrees to 90 degrees, preferentially 75 degrees. Another alternative embodiment fixes the receiver coupler top slot  84  in a single position opposite from the receiver coupler bottom slot  85 , resulting in a fixed locking plate angle  90  of 90 degrees. 
         [0273]      FIG. 27  is similar to  FIG. 26  and shows a side cutaway view of the integrated receiver  49 , comprised of the shield  53  including the shield surface  109  and other features discussed in  FIG. 39 , the receiver handle  51  including the receiver handle grip  54  and other features discussed in  FIG. 16 , the alternative embodiment of the receiver coupler  76  including features discussed below, and the alternative embodiment of the locking mechanism  86  including the locking plate  89  and other features discussed below and in  FIG. 28 . This figure shows the presence of a trocar  1  inserted into the receiver  49 . 
         [0274]    When inserting the trocar  1  into the receiver  49  in the distal direction, the trocar tip  2  passes through the concentrical shield proximal aperture  110 , the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55 , the locking plate aperture  91 , the receiver coupler inner aperture  80 , and into the receiver coupler axial channel  81 . In the distal direction of insertion, the trocar shaft  3  pushes through the locking plate aperture  91  in the same direction as the locking plate aperture protuberances  92  (discussed in  FIG. 28 ) are directed, so that insignificant resistance is imposed on the trocar shaft  3  by the locking plate aperture protuberances  92 . Moreover, the trocar shaft  3  pushes against the locking plate aperture  91  and aligns the locking plate aperture  91  with the direction of the receiver coupler axial channel  81 , therefore into a  90  degree locking plate angle  90  that permits the trocar  1  to pass through the aligned locking plate aperture  91  with low insertion force. 
         [0275]    When attempting to extract the trocar  1  out of the receiver  49  in the proximal direction, the direction of the pulling force of the trocar shaft  3  opposes the direction that the locking plate aperture protuberances  92  are directed towards so that the protuberances  92  impose significant frictional force against the trocar shaft  3 . Moreover, the friction locking plate aperture  91  and the trocar shaft  3  circumvolves the locking plate  89  and locking plate top tab  87  (as permitted within the length of the receiver coupler top slot  84 ), rotating the locking plate  89  about the fixed point defined by the receiver coupler bottom slot  85  into an acute locking plate angle  90 . Therefore, in addition to the frictional opposing force imposed by the locking plate aperture protuberances  92  against the trocar shaft  3 , the reduced apparent cross-section of the locking plate aperture  91  induced by the deflected locking plate  89  causes the sidewall of the trocar shaft  3  to rub and bind against the edge of the locking plate aperture protuberances  92  and locking plate aperture  91 , with friction that increases with the amount of pulling force exerted upon the trocar  1 , hence firmly retaining the trocar  1  within the receiver  49 . 
         [0276]      FIG. 28  shows a backwards-looking elevation view and a side cross section E 2 -E 2  view of the alternative embodiment of the locking plate  89  portion of the locking mechanism  86 . The rigid locking plate  89  is formed in a rectangular shape with beveled edges and fabricated to fit within the size and shape of the receiver coupler outside surface  77 . The locking plate  89  comprises a locking plate bottom tab  88  formed to fit within the receiver coupler bottom slot  85  and a locking plate top tab  87  formed to fit within the receiver coupler top slot  84 . The diameter of the locking plate aperture  91  is customized to match the diameter of the selected trocar. Locking plate aperture protuberances  92  are formed around the circumference of the locking plate aperture  91 , which are preferentially 2 mm in length, crimped in the distal direction at an approximately 45 degree angle measured from the direction transverse to the axial direction and towards the distal direction, and extend in the distal direction. Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the locking plate aperture  91  is chosen from a range of 0.5 mm-15 mm (plus any minimal manufacturing tolerance clearances). Therefore, the locking plate  89  is customized and selected to fit a particular trocar. The rigid locking plate  89  is composed of metal, plastic, or some other rigid material known in the art, provided that the tensile strength of the locking plate aperture protuberances  92  is sufficient to retain its position after crimping and when resisting the friction force of a trocar&#39;s  1  insertion or retraction. 
         [0277]      FIG. 29  illustrates an exploded view of a second alternative embodiment of the receiver  49 . The receiver  49  is comprised of a receiver handle  51 , a second alternative embodiment of the integrated receiver coupler  93 , a second alternative embodiment of the integrated locking mechanism  103 , and a shield  53 . 
         [0278]      FIG. 30 through 32  illustrate different views of the second alternative embodiment of the receiver coupler  93 .  FIG. 30  shows a backwards-looking elevation view;  FIG. 31  shows a top elevation view;  FIG. 32  shows a side elevation view. 
         [0279]    The backwards-looking elevation view in  FIG. 30  shows that generally, the receiver coupler  93  is a rigid, hollow, rectangular encasement  94  with rounded-shaped corners forming an outer aperture  95 , of dimensions preferentially 14.5 mm by 21.5 mm, and a rounded flared base  96  of size 31 mm in width by 37 mm in height formed in an elliptical shape. It is contemplated an alternative shape also comprises a circle, rectangle, or other shapes. This elevation view shows the receiver coupler inner aperture  97  through which a trocar tip  2  is inserted. Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar  1  whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the receiver coupler aperture  97  (and the adjoining receiver axial channel  98 ) is chosen from a range of 0.5 mm-15 mm (plus a minimal manufacturing tolerance clearance) to fit the selected trocar  1 . Therefore, the receiver coupler aperture  97  (and the adjoining receiver axial channel  98 ) is customized and selected to fit a particular trocar. 
         [0280]      FIG. 30  shows a circumferential slot  99  formed in the flared base  96 . The inner space  100  is the hollow internal space between the sidewall of slot  99  and the sidewall of the receiver coupler inner aperture  97  and receiver coupler axial channel  98 . 
         [0281]    The top elevation view in  FIG. 31  shows that the top surface at the proximal end of the receiver coupler  93  comprises a receiver coupler top slot  101  that is formed by a cut-out hole located a specified distance from the proximal edge of the receiver coupler  93  in the direction parallel to the receiver coupler axial channel  98  and is preferentially 2.25 mm wide by 4.3 mm long, and a groove across the top of the receiver coupler  93  that bisects the cut-out hole in the direction transverse to the receiver coupler axial channel  98 , which is preferentially 2.25 mm in width. The receiver coupler top slot  101  is mirrored identically to the bottom of the receiver coupler  93  and forms the receiver coupler bottom slot  102 . The receiver coupler top slot  101  and receiver coupler bottom slot  102  each form an opening through which the locking rollers  108  are inserted into the receiver coupler  93 . 
         [0282]    The side elevation view in  FIG. 32  shows the receiver coupler outer aperture  95 , which is open-ended to accept the insertion of the receiver handle grip inner aperture surface  55 . This figure shows the receiver coupler top slot  101  and bottom slot  102 , illustrating the slot cutting inwards in the direction transverse to the receiver coupler axial channel  98 , preferentially a length of 2.25 mm, and a bend in the slots from the direction transverse to the receiver coupler axial channel  98  in the proximal direction, preferentially 45 degrees (measured from the direction transverse to the receiver coupler axial channel  98  and towards the proximal direction), of length preferentially 6 mm. 
         [0283]    This figure shows the distal end of the receiver coupler  93  tapers slightly wider into a rounded flared base  96 , of size preferentially 31 mm in width by 37 mm in height and formed in an elliptical shape, to provide a comfortable backstop for the bottom of the clinician&#39;s gripping hand. It is contemplated an alternative shape also comprises a circle, rectangle, or other shapes. The base at the distal and bottom end of the receiver coupler  93  is preferentially closed and solid. This figure also shows the circumferential slot  99  formed in the flared base  96  and the inner hollow space  100 . 
         [0284]      FIG. 33  shows a side cutaway view of the integrated receiver  49 , comprised of the shield  53  including the shield surface  109  and other features discussed in  FIG. 39 , the receiver handle  51  including the receiver handle grip  54  and other features discussed in  FIG. 16 , the receiver coupler  93  including features discussed below, and the locking mechanism  103  including the locking plate  106  and locking rollers  108  discussed in  FIGS. 35 to 38 . No trocar is present in the system in this figure. 
         [0285]    Similar to  FIG. 22 ,  FIG. 33  shows the attachment of the shield  53  to the receiver handle  51  via the shield distal aperture  111  inserted onto the receiver handle grip joining-surface circumference  57  at the proximal outer edge of the receiver handle grip  54 . The surfaces are fixated via friction between the shield distal aperture surface  111  and the receiver handle grip joining-surface protuberances  58  as noted in  FIG. 16 . This figure shows the contiguous surface at the junction between the shield proximal surface  109 , shield proximal aperture  110 , and the receiver handle grip outer aperture  56 . 
         [0286]    This figure shows the connection of the receiver coupler  93  to the receiver handle  51  via the concentric insertion of the receiver coupler outer surface  94  into the open-ended receiver handle grip  54 . The receiver coupler outer surface  94  is inserted until the back-edge of the receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge  59  becomes inserted into the circumferential slot  99  formed in the flared base  96  of the receiver coupler  93 . The receiver handle grip distal circumferential edge  59  is fixated into the receiver coupler circumferential slot  99  with an adhesive known in the art to bind plastic or metal, or is fixated simply by the friction of a tight fit. The receiver coupler inner aperture  97  aligns to the receiver handle grip aperture  55 , and the receiver coupler axial channel  98  aligns within the axial channel of the receiver handle grip  54 . 
         [0287]    This figure shows the second alternative embodiment of an integrated locking mechanism  103  comprising a rigid locking plate  106  (discussed in  FIG. 37 ) and a top and bottom locking roller  108  (discussed in  FIG. 38 ). Locking plate bottom bracket leads  105  (a “clip”) extend in the distal direction and align with the adjoining receiver coupler bottom slot  102  and locking plate top bracket leads  104  (a “clip”) extend in the distal direction and align with the adjoining receiver coupler top slot  101 . The axles of a bottom and top locking roller  108  lie within the receiver coupler bottom slot  102  and the receiver coupler top slot  101 , respectively, and are pushed inwards (towards the center of the axial channel) by the tensile force of the locking plate bottom bracket leads  105  and locking plate top bracket leads  104 , respectively. 
         [0288]      FIG. 34  is similar to  FIG. 33  and shows a side cutaway view of the integrated receiver  49 , comprised of the shield  53  including the shield surface  109  and other features discussed in  FIG. 39 , the receiver handle  51  including the receiver handle grip  54  and other features discussed in  FIG. 16 , the second alternative embodiment of the receiver coupler  93  including features discussed below, and the second alternative embodiment of the locking mechanism  103  including the locking plate  106  and the locking rollers  108  discussed below and in  FIGS. 37 and 38 . This figure shows the presence of a trocar  1  inserted into the receiver  49 . 
         [0289]    When inserting the trocar  1  into the receiver  49  in the distal direction, the trocar tip  2  passes through the concentrical shield proximal aperture  110 , the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55 , the locking plate aperture  107 , the receiver coupler inner aperture  97 , and into the receiver coupler axial channel  98 . In the distal direction of insertion, the trocar shaft  3  pushes through the locking plate aperture  107  and through the locking rollers  108 , pushing the locking rollers  108  outwards in their slots  101  and  102  in the distal direction, and away from the trocar shaft  3 , which permits the trocar  1  to pass through the locking plate aperture  107  and locking rollers  108  with low insertion force. 
         [0290]    When attempting to extract the trocar  1  out of the receiver  49  in the proximal direction, the pulling force of the trocar shaft  3  runs against the direction of the locking rollers  108  so that the rollers  108  are pulled in the proximal direction, hence inwards in their slots  101  and  102  and inwards towards the center of the receiver coupler axial channel  98 . The compression of the locking rollers  108  towards and against the trocar shaft  3  induces friction that increases with the amount of pulling force exerted on the trocar  1 , hence firmly retaining the trocar  1  within the receiver  49 . 
         [0291]      FIGS. 35 to 37  show a backwards-looking elevation view, a top elevation view, and a side elevation view of the second alternative embodiment of the locking plate  106  portion of the locking mechanism  103 . The rigid locking plate  106  is formed in a rectangular shape with rounded edges and bracket leads at the bottom and top, fabricated to fit within the size and shape of the receiver coupler outside surface  94 . The outside edges the rigid locking plate  106  are formed to lie against the adjoining edges of the receiver coupler outer aperture  95 , which positions the rigid locking plate  106  against the proximal edges of the receiver coupler  93 . The locking plate bottom bracket leads  105  are bent into an elbow at the bottom in the distal direction at an angle of preferentially 95 degrees, measured from the direction transverse to the receiver coupler axial channel  98  of the locking plate  106  and towards the distal direction. The locking plate top bracket leads  104  are similarly bent into an elbow in a mirrored fashion from bottom bracket leads  105 . Preferentially, 2 mm from the distal ends of the locking plate bottom bracket leads  105  and locking plate top bracket leads  104  are formed a second bend comprising 45 degrees, measured from the direction of extension of the bracket lead and towards the center of the receiver coupler axial channel  98 . This second bend helps retain the locking plate rollers  108  within their respective slots  101 ,  102  at the distal ends of the slots  101 ,  102 . The locking plate  106  is composed of metal or rigid plastic so that, when the bracket leads  105  and  104  are formed into position, the leads  105  and  104  have sufficient tensile strength to hold their shape and push the axles of the locking rollers  108  inwards and towards the receiver coupler axial channel  98 . 
         [0292]    The diameter of the locking plate aperture  107  is chosen to match the diameter of the selected trocar  1  (plus a minimal manufacturing tolerance clearance). Since the invention is designed to accommodate a trocar  1  whose diameter may range from 0.5 mm to 15 mm, the diameter of the locking plate aperture  107  is chosen from a range of 0.5 mm to 15 mm (plus any minimal manufacturing tolerance clearances. Therefore, the locking plate  106  is customized and selected to fit a particular trocar. 
         [0293]      FIG. 38  shows a backwards-looking elevation view and a top elevation view of the locking roller  108 . The locking roller  108  is a wheel having a diameter preferentially of 5.5 mm, a center axle having a diameter preferentially of 2 mm, and fashioned with ridges along the outer circumference whose ribbings run parallel to the direction of the axial channel of the locking roller  108 . The wheel and ridges are cast of metal or injection-molded in plastic chosen from the known art that is sufficiently hard to hold the edges when imposing friction against the pulling force of a trocar  1 . Alternatively, the wheel and axle are injection-molded in a rigid plastic known in the art and a rubber o-ring is inserted over the wheel to impose friction against the pulling force of a trocar  1 . 
         [0294]      FIG. 39  shows a backwards-looking elevation view and a side cutaway section A 2 -A 2  view of the preferred embodiment of the shield  53 . Generally, the removable shield  53  is a rigid, circular disk (a “rigid shield” or “shield”) that is concave inwards in the distal direction, similar to a funnel, comprising a shield proximal surface  109 , a shield proximal aperture  110 , a distal aperture  111  and axial channel. The backwards-elevation view shows the shield lip  112 , the shield proximal surface  109 , and the shield proximal aperture  110 . 
         [0295]    The side cutaway section A 2 -A 2  view shows the shield distal aperture  111 . The preferred embodiment for connecting the inner surface of the shield distal aperture  111  to the receiver handle grip joining-surface  57  is by friction between the inner surface of the shield distal aperture  111  and the receiver handle grip joining-surface protuberances  58 . Alternative embodiments for joining these surfaces include a tongue-in-groove feature formed on surface of the shield distal aperture  111  that snaps together or apart from corresponding features on the proximal end of the receiver handle grip joining-surface  57 , or a blade feature formed on the shield distal aperture  111  that screws or twists to connect to or release from corresponding features on the receiver handle grip joining-surface  57 . Another alternative embodiment for joining these surfaces includes applying an adhesive known in the art to bind plastics so that the shield  53  is permanently affixed to the receiver handle grip  54 . When the shield  53  is attached to the receiver handle grip joining-surface  57 , the shield aperture  110  aligns to the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55 , to the axial channel of the receiver handle grip  54 , to the locking plate aperture  74 , to the receiver coupler inner aperture  63 , and to the receiver coupler axial channel  64 . 
         [0296]    The degree of concavity of the shield proximal surface  109  disk ranges from 0 degrees to 60 degrees, preferentially 30 degrees, measured from the plane consisting of the circumferential edge of the shield  112  and towards the distal direction parallel to the axial channel. The diameter of the shield edge  112  is substantially wide enough to cover and protect the clinician&#39;s hand that grips the receiver handle  51  behind the shield, ranging from a diameter of 10 mm to 250 mm, preferentially 100 mm. 
         [0297]    The preferred embodiment of the shield  53  includes a raised edge or lip  112  (a “raised rim”) around the outside circumference of the shield  53  in the proximal direction with height that ranges from 0.5 mm to 10 mm, preferentially 2 mm. The shield lip  112  acts as a guide-stop to prevent the trocar tip  2  from sliding off the shield  53  in the outward direction 
         [0298]    Preferentially, an injection molded process is used to fabricate all parts of the invention, using a rigid plastic formulation known in the art, except for the parts as noted. It is also contemplated that all parts of the invention could alternatively be cast in metal or fabricated in another rigid material known in the art, except for the parts as noted. 
       Method of Use 
       [0299]    Referring to  FIG. 40 , the best mode of applying the Trocar Dispenser and Grip Receiver Safety System utilizes the preferred embodiment of the dispenser handle  7  and receiver  49 , coupled with a trocar  1  of desired type and diameter, connected to drainage tubing  5  of desired length and type. The Trocar Dispenser and Grip Receiver Safety System comprises certain components that universally accommodate multiple trocar sizes and types, and certain custom-manufactured components that are customized and selected depending on the configuration and diameter of the trocar  1 . The custom-manufactured components consist of the coupler  18 , the sheath  41 , the receiver handle  51 , the receiver coupler  50 , and the locking mechanism  52 . For example, a  200  FR 100 mm long trocar with standard ribbed distal connector would dictate 100 mm diameter (plus a manufacturing tolerance clearance) is selected for the diameters of the coupler aperture  20 , the sheath proximal end trocar tip support  46 , the receiver handle grip inner aperture  55 , the receiver coupler inner aperture  63 , and the locking plate aperture  74 . 
         [0300]    The shield  53  is attached to the receiver hand grip  54 , which is integrated with the receiver coupler  50  and the internal locking mechanism  52 . The dispenser handle  7  is assembled so that the coupler  18  is axially aligned inside the sheath  41 , which is axially aligned inside the dispenser handle  7 . The drainage tubing  5  is connected to the trocar distal end  4  in the normal fashion. The trocar  1  is inserted into the coupler  18  and the drainage tubing  5  is threaded out the rear of the coupler distal aperture  21  and the dispenser handle distal aperture  15 . The trocar  1  and drainage tubing  5  is seated in the dispenser handle  7  to engage the coupler gripping mechanism  22  onto the trocar distal end  4 , preventing any further backwards movement by the trocar  1  into the dispenser handle  7 . The sheath  41  is fully extended over the trocar tip  2 , and the trigger release button  47  is engaged so the dispenser handle  7  is in the Disarmed Mode. 
         [0301]    The clinician grips the dispenser handle  7  in one hand, positioning his thumb over the dispenser handle thumb grip  17 . The clinician positions a finger on the dispenser handle trigger guard  13  to avoid inadvertently depressing the trigger release button  47 . In this manner, the clinician directs the sheath  41  into the surgical cavity and manipulates the proximal end of the sheath  41  within the lumen and around any organs or tissue, without fear of inadvertently piercing any tissues with the protected trocar tip  2 . 
         [0302]    With his other hand, the clinician holds the receiver  49  and positions it on the outside of the surgical site to serve as a counterpressure and a target for the dispenser handle  7  and sheath  41 . The receiver handle grip  54  provides a comfortable grip, while the large shield  53  permits the clinician to easily approximate a target for directing the dispenser  6  and protected trocar  1  as well as to provide tactile counterpressure against the patient&#39;s skin when the clinician pushes the trocar  1  through the skin. 
         [0303]    When the clinician has positioned the sheath  41  in the lumen and pressed the sheath lip edge  45  against the patient&#39;s skin at the desired location, and positioned the receiver  49  against the patient&#39;s skin opposite the sheath  41 , the clinician is ready to deploy the trocar  1 . While maintaining pressure against the counterpressure, the clinician depresses the trigger release button  47  to disengage the sheath  41  and increases pressure slightly to push the trocar  1  and create a wound opening. Since the trigger release button  47  is depressed, the sheath  41  can slide backwards into the dispenser handle  7  (now in Armed Mode) and expose the trocar tip  2 . As the clinician pushes the trocar  1  forward against and through the cavity wall and the patient&#39;s skin, the sheath  41  is pushed by the cavity wall and retracted into the dispenser handle  7 . 
         [0304]    Holding the receiver  49  with his other hand, the clinician presents the large shield  53  of the receiver  49  to accept the trocar tip  2  now emerging on the outside of the lumen. With his first hand, the clinician continues to push the trocar  1  all the way through the wound opening and adjusts his other hand with the receiver  49 , if needed, to direct the trocar tip  2  into the shield&#39;s center aperture  110  and then into the receiver&#39;s locking mechanism  52 . Because the diameter of the shield  53  completely covers the clinician&#39;s hand with ample overlap, the clinician is assured of protection from an inadvertent injury by the trocar tip  2 . The concavity of the shield surface  109  encourages the tip  2  towards the center, and the edge lip  112  around the outer circumference of the shield  53  prevents the tip  2  from slipping off the shield in the case of an errant outwards-bound tip  2 . 
         [0305]    After pushing the trocar  1  into the receiver&#39;s locking mechanism  52 , the locking mechanism  52  traps the trocar shaft  3  within the receiver  49 . The clinician then withdraws the receiver  49  and locked trocar  1  away from the surgical site, extricating a segment of trailing drainage tubing  5  through the dispenser handle  7  and through the wound opening. 
         [0306]    Within the dispenser handle  7 , the coupler  18  no longer grips the trocar  1  since the trocar  1  (and drainage tubing  5 ) pulls forward (in the proximal direction). Although the coupler  18  stops within the dispenser handle at the extent of its permitted range of motion, the trocar  1  and tubing  5  continue moving forwards and out of the coupler aperture  20  and the dispenser handle aperture  9  in the proximal direction. 
         [0307]    After extracting a segment of drainage tubing  5  from the wound opening, the clinician cuts the tubing  5  near the trocar distal end  4  and attaches the severed tubing  5  to an appropriate collection bag or reservoir. The clinician detaches the shield  53  from the receiver  49  and discards the shield  53  into a contaminated waste receptacle. The clinician discards the receiver  49  and the trocar  1  (safely locked within) into a contaminated sharps waste receptacle. 
         [0308]    Within the surgical cavity, the clinician retrieves the dispenser  6  by threading the distal end of the remaining drainage tubing  5  through the dispenser  6 . The clinician positions the distal end of the drainage tubing  5  as needed within the surgical cavity. The clinician then discards the dispenser  6  into a contaminated waste receptacle.