Abstract:
A navigation system accepts driver input that extends the navigation capabilities of the navigation system, while permitting the driver to navigate using a digital map that indicates vehicle position. The driver input may identify a new point of interest, an icon for the new point of interest, and location information for the new point of interest. The navigation system supplements a pre-configured navigation database with the driver input. During a subsequent trip, when the vehicle approaches the new point of interest, the navigation system alerts the driver of the new point of interest.

Description:
PRIORITY CLAIM 
     This application claims the benefit of priority from European Patent Application No. 06 006 441.7, filed Mar. 28, 2006, which is incorporated by reference. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     This disclosure relates to route guidance by a navigation system and a navigation system for a vehicle or a hand-held device. In particular, this disclosure relates to the storage and presentation of points of interest along the route. 
     2. Related Art 
     Navigation systems have become standard equipment in many vehicles. Such systems typically receive GPS (Global Positioning System) satellite radio signals, which are received by a GPS antenna of the vehicle. The signals are provided to a navigation computer in the vehicle. The navigation computer processes the received GPS data, and may also process supplemental data, to determine the current position of the vehicle. The supplemental data may include data obtained from motion sensors, wheel sensors and gyroscopes, and other data. 
     Navigation systems typically use electronic maps to represent cartographic features, such as streets, buildings and geographical features. The electronic maps are usually stored on a compact disc or a digital video disc. Once the navigation system performs map matching, the current position of the user is indicated on the displayed digital map. The user is guided to a predetermined destination by audio and/or video output. 
     Some navigation systems display detailed digital maps and/or three-dimensional detailed views indicating routes to predetermined destinations. Such systems may indicate the types of driving maneuvers to be taken at various junctions, and may also indicate different points of interest (POIs). Such points of interest may include service stations, museums, hotels, restaurants, landmarks, and the like. 
     To provide the required navigation functions, navigation systems use one or more detailed map databases. The databases may include bitmap images for lanes, signpost information, landmarks, and the like. The databases may also include data for representing the physical features of a geographic region and POIs. 
     However, existing navigation systems only provide the driver with standardized non-individualized information or with a preset customized route. The systems cannot be manipulated by the user to add new POIs once the trip has begun. The systems cannot be adapted to the individual needs of the user in route. Therefore, a need exists for a navigation system that can be individually customized by the user in route. 
     SUMMARY 
     A navigation system permits a driver to navigate using a digital map, which indicates the position of the vehicle relative to the map. The navigation system also displays various POIs using icons, graphic indicia and/or alphanumeric indicators. An audio indicator may also be issued to alert the driver regarding an approaching point of interest. The navigation system also allows the driver to enter a new point of interest while in route. The coordinates of the new point of interest and an icon selected by the driver corresponding to the new point of interest are saved in a database. During a subsequent trip, when the driver approaches the previously saved point of interest, the navigation system may alert the driver of the approaching point of interest. 
     The navigation system may save the icon representing the new point of interest in the database along with the corresponding location of the user while in route. However, the user is not restricted to only saving new points of interest corresponding to the user&#39;s present position. The user may also select a new point of interest and save it along with an arbitrary location corresponding to a selected position on the digital map. The arbitrary location and corresponding new point of interest may relate to a point of interest that the user recalls at a later time and wishes to save in the database. 
     Further, the navigation system may save multiple POIs in the database, and similar POIs may be organized into a class of points of interest. The navigation system may also save multiple classes of points of interest while the user is navigating. 
     Other systems, methods, features and advantages will be, or will become, apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages be included within this description, be within the scope of the invention, and be protected by the following claims. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The navigation system may be better understood with reference to the following drawings and description. The components in the figures are not necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon illustrating the principles of the invention. Moreover, in the figures, like-referenced numerals designate corresponding parts throughout the different views. 
         FIG. 1  shows a navigation system. 
         FIG. 2  shows a hand-held navigation system. 
         FIG. 3  illustrates another aspect of a navigation system. 
         FIG. 4  shows an input subsystem of a navigation system. 
         FIG. 5  is a flow diagram showing acts taken during navigation. 
         FIG. 6  is a flow diagram showing acts that the navigation system may take when a driver notes a new point of interest during navigation. 
         FIG. 7  is a flow diagram showing acts that the navigation system may take when a driver navigates near a point of interest. 
         FIG. 8  is a flow diagram showing acts that the navigation system may take when a driver notes a dangerous intersection. 
         FIG. 9  is a flow diagram showing acts that the navigation system may take when a driver encounters the dangerous intersection, which was previously stored. 
         FIG. 10  is a flow diagram showing acts that the navigation system may take when a driver enters a new class of POIs. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       FIG. 1  shows a navigation system  100 . The navigation system  100  may be installed in a vehicle  106 , such as an automobile, motorcycle, ship, or airplane. The navigation system  100  may include a GPS antenna  110 , typically mounted on the vehicle, and a GPS receiver  112  configured to receive the GPS signals from the antenna. The navigation system  100  may include a processing system  116  connected to the GPS receiver. The processing system  116  may receive user input from various input devices  118 , and may output information on various output devices  122 , such as an audio speaker  130  and a visual display  134 . The processing system  116  may also be coupled to a navigation or map database  140 , which may provide the user with the basic map or route. The navigation database  140  may be in turn coupled to a symbol database  144 . The navigation system  100  may store computer-executable program instructions and data on a disk  148  and/or may contain non-volatile memory for such storage. 
     The navigation system  100  may also be self-contained in a hand-held portable device.  FIG. 2  shows such a hand-held portable GPS device  200 . In other words, the navigation systems described below are not limited in application to vehicles, but may have many different implementations. 
       FIG. 3  shows a navigation system  300  that includes a location subsystem  304 . The location subsystem  304  may include a processor  308 , a speech synthesizer  312 , and a voice recognition system  314 . 
     The navigation system  300  may also include an input subsystem  320  with input devices  326  and a user interface  328 . The user may operate the input subsystem  320  through the user interface  328 . The input subsystem  320  may include input devices  326  through which the user interacts with the navigation system  300 . Additionally, multiple databases or a database system  330  may be coupled to the location subsystem  304 . The database system  330  may include a main database or navigation database  340 , a symbol database  344  and a dynamic point of interest and class database  346  (POI database). The navigation database  340  may provide the user with the basic map or route to be displayed. The location subsystem  304  may be coupled to the input subsystem  320  and to an output subsystem  350 . The output subsystem  350  may include a display device  354  and an audio output device  358 . The navigation system  300  may also include a speech synthesizer  312  and a voice recognition system  314 . The speech synthesizer  312  and the voice recognition system  314  may be logic implemented in the input subsystem  320 , the output subsystem  350 , or elsewhere in the navigation system  300 . Alternatively, the speech synthesizer  312  and a voice recognition system  314  may be separate from the components described. 
     The location subsystem  304  may include a GPS antenna  360  and a GPS receiver  362 . The GPS receiver  362  may determine an actual position at which the navigation system or vehicle is currently located. To facilitate user control, the location subsystem  304  may also receive instructions from the voice recognition system  314 . The voice recognition system  314  may detect and recognize spoken language, including audible commands and input parameters. The voice recognition system  314  may be configured to recognize a large library of words and phrases. The voice recognition system  314  may be a commercially available voice recognition system coupled to the navigation system  300  or may be an embedded application. The voice recognition system  314  may be activated by a push-to-talk lever or other suitable input devices  326 . Alternatively, the voice recognition system  314  may be located in or be part of the input subsystem  320 . The voice recognition system  314  may be omitted, and the input devices  326  may provide all necessary commands to the navigation system  300 . The speech synthesizer  312  may also be coupled to or contained within the location subsystem  304 . The speech synthesizer  312  may produce synthesized speech that may provide navigation information to the user. The navigation information may include waypoint distance, waypoint identification, identification of POIs, and warnings or messages. 
     The navigation database  340 , the symbol database  344  and the POI database  346  may be coupled to each other within the database system  330 , and may be further coupled to the location subsystem  304 . The database system  330  may receive commands and signals from the location subsystem  304 . The navigation database  340 , the symbol database  344  and the POI database  346  may cooperate to output map and coordinate information and POI information to the display device  354 . The POI database  346  may contain various POIs and/or various classes of points of interest. POI database  346  may be dynamically updated and new entries may be saved or deleted at any time. A POI may be a subset within a class of points of interest, or may be independent. The navigation database  340  may be a preexisting or pre-prepared database that may include part or all of the data used for route guidance. The actual or physical location of various POIs may be stored in the POI database  346  or the symbol database  344  by storing an indicia, e.g., a symbol or icon, associated with the points of interest. The coordinates of the actual position of the vehicle may also be stored in the POI database  346 . The database system  330  may be configured so that it can be updated after being purchased by a user or installed in the navigation system. Alternatively, the database system  330  may be a supplementary database that may be used with the various databases configured to perform route guidance. Both types of databases may physically reside in magnetic, optical or other suitable storage media. 
       FIG. 3  shows various POIs residing in the POI database  346 . The class associated with the POIs are also contained in the POI database  346 . However, the classes of POIs and the POIs may alternatively reside in the navigation database  340 , the symbol database  344  or any other memory in the navigation system  300 . Any suitable number of classes of points of interest and any number of points of interest within a class may be included in the POI database  346 . The amount of data is limited only by the storage size that may be allocated to those entries. For example, the POI database  346  may include four classes of points of interest, namely Hotels  366 , Dangerous Locations  368 , Restaurants  370  and Unclassified POIs  371 . The Hotel class  366  may include the POIs identified as Holiday House  372 , West Inn  374  and Executive Place  376 . The Dangerous Locations class  368  may include the points of interest identified as Dangerous Intersection # 1   378 , Dangerous Intersection # 2   380 , Large Pot Hole  382  and Speed Limit Zone  384 . The Restaurant class  370  may include the POIs identified as Bill&#39;s Pancake House  386 , Pizza Ranch  388  and Chicken Hut  390 . All of the POIs are associated with or are linked to their corresponding coordinates. The classes, the POIs and their associated coordinates may be saved as folders, tables, graphs, links, and/or data structures. Any suitable data construct in the database system  330  may be used. 
     As described above, the database system  330  may be configured to store and retrieve icons or symbols for classes of POIs and individual POIs. The symbols may be located in the navigation database  340  or in a separate symbol database  344 . In either configuration, the databases of the database system  330  may be modified and updated by the user either before an excursion or trip, during an excursion or trip, or after an excursion or trip. Each icon may be a symbol representing a point of interest or its class. The icons may be textual or graphic information, such as letters or alphanumeric data. Such icons or symbols may also be in the form of digital photographs (“thumbnail photos”), bitmaps, vector graphics, and the like. Vector graphic representations may be particularly suitable for calculating and displaying symbols, including three-dimensional symbols, and may have favorable scaling and storage space characteristics in comparison to other representations. 
     New symbols may be added to the navigation database  340  or the symbol database  344 , and previously stored or existing symbols may be deleted or modified. This may occur before, during, or after navigation. New symbols may be created by the user. Symbols that are assigned, selected or designed by the user in accordance with his or her preferences enhance the “look and feel” of the output display. The enhanced output display improves the navigation experience. Alternatively, the user may download new symbols, e.g., via the Internet, and store the new symbols in the symbol database  344 . 
     The output subsystem  350  may include various output devices, such as the audio output device  358  or speaker. The output subsystem  350  may also include the display device  354 , such as an LCD display. Any suitable display device may be used. The display device  354  and the audio output device  358  may be arranged to indicate one or more points of interest. The points of interest may be stored in the POI database  346  based on the present location of the vehicle. The display device  354  may display various digital maps, including the symbols representing points of interest. 
       FIG. 4  shows the input devices  326  of input subsystem  320  in greater detail. The input devices  326  may include haptic devices  402 , which may incorporate or employ tactile sensation processing, reporting, or feedback. The input devices  326  may also include a keyboard  404  and various buttons and switches  406 . The input devices  326  permit the user to operate the navigation system  300 . The input devices  326  may further include a touch screen  410 , a track ball  414 , a joystick  416  and the like. Alternatively, the voice recognition system  314 , shown in dashed lines, may be logically included in the input devices  326 . 
       FIG. 5  shows acts  500  that the navigation system  300  may take in operation when a driver uses the navigation system. The navigation system  300  may present a map on the display device (Act  504 ). The navigation system  300  may also show an icon representing the vehicle at a convenient point on the map, for example toward a lower portion of the map (Act  508 ). Also, various POIs may be displayed (Act  512 ) on the display device and/or may be announced (Act  516 ) to the user via the audio output device. As the vehicle travels, the map display may be updated (Act  520 ). The icon representing the vehicle tends to remain at the same location on the display. The map may move relative to the vehicle icon to indicate relative movement of the vehicle. However, the display may be continuously updated to provide the driver with a display of the moving vehicle relative to the map. 
       FIG. 6  shows acts  600  that the navigation system  300  may take to capture a new point of interest and thereby extend the navigation capabilities supported by a pre-configured navigation database. The navigation system  300  may provide navigation guidance to the user (Act  604 ). During navigation, the navigation system  300  may accept user input indicating that the user has identified a new point of interest (Act  608 ). The new point of interest may be accepted while the driver navigates. The user may notice or may be interested in various POIs not initially included in the navigation database  340 , and thus not presented on the digital map. Of course, the user need not be in a vehicle at the time, and may be a pedestrian using a hand-held version of the navigation system ( FIG. 2 ). The user may want to include such new pertinent POIs in the POI database  346  for later use. The points of interest can relate to almost any item of information. For example, the user may want to store as a new point of interest a new type of restaurant, a location of a friend&#39;s house, or the location of a dangerous intersection and the like. To save such new POIs on demand during navigation, the navigation system  300  may accept a user-selected icon to represent the new point of interest (Act  612 ). The user may use any of the available input devices, such as the switches, a display screen cursor or may use voice input. Next, the navigation system  300  may store the selected icon (Act  616 ). The navigation system  300  may store the icon or symbol along with the actual location of the vehicle (Act  620 ) so that the icon is associated with the location of the new point of interest. The navigation system  300  may update the POI database  346  dynamically at any time. The navigation system  300  may store both the icon and the associated location or link in the database (Act  630 ). 
     Next, the navigation system  300  may determine the class associated with the new POI (Act  636 ). The navigation system  300  may request the user to identify the class to be  5  associated with the new POI (Act  640 ). The speech synthesizer  312  may output instructions requesting that the user enter an associated class. After the user has selected the associated class, the class may be saved in the POI database  346  (Act  644 ). If the user fails to select a class, the navigation system  300  may select or assign a class to the new POI. The assignment may be made using heuristic matching or pattern matching techniques. 
       FIG. 7  shows acts  700  corresponding to route guidance on a subsequent trip. The subsequent trip may happen to take the user to within a predetermined distance from one or more POIs stored in the POI database  346  (Act  704 ). The map and icon of the vehicle may be displayed (Act  710 ) during the trip. However, during this trip, the navigation system  300  may display the previously stored class of points or interest or the points of interest saved by the user. The navigation system  300  may display the point of interest or its class when the vehicle approaches (Act  718 ) the physical location of the point of interest. The navigation system  300  may determine whether the vehicle is within a pre-selected distance from the point of interest before displaying the point of interest (Act  720 ). The distance may be measured by the location subsystem. The pre-selected distance or range may be preprogrammed or may be selected by the user. Alternatively, the pre-selected distance may vary depending upon the speed of the vehicle and may be calculated to provide the driver with sufficient warning of the approaching point of interest. 
     The navigation system  300  may display the point of interest when the vehicle is within range (Act  722 ). The navigation system  300  may also verbally announce the point of interest to the user via the audio output device (Act  726 ). The navigation system  300  may implicitly indicate the position of the point of interest by positioning the icon or symbol at the correct place in a digital map. The navigation system  300  may also expressly indicate the point of interest by announcing or displaying the actual distance between the point of interest and the vehicle. 
       FIG. 8  shows acts  800  that the navigation system  300  may take to store a new class of POIs identified as Dangerous Locations. The navigation system  300  may provide navigation assistance to the driver of the vehicle (Act  802 ). After some time the driver may arrive at an intersection he considers to be dangerous (Act  806 ). The driver may then press a push-to-talk button and may utter the phrase “Store Position!” (Act  810 ). The voice recognition system  314  may recognize the spoken command and store the actual position of the vehicle in the database, in the form of appropriate coordinates (Act  816 ). The speech synthesizer may output the phrase “Position Stored-Point of Interest?” This may prompt the driver (Act  820 ) to input or select the icon or symbol corresponding to the point of interest. The driver may select the icon from a list of symbols representing various POIs. The navigation system  300  may accept the icon or symbol entered by the driver for this particular point of interest (Act  830 ). The accepted point of interest may correspond to what the driver considers to be a dangerous intersection. The navigation system  300  may then save the point of interest (Act  836 ) in the POI database  346 . 
     The navigation system  300  may recognize that the new POI belongs to a particular class. The navigation system  300  may match the new POI with an existing class (Act  840 ). If no match is found (Act  842 ), the navigation system  300  may prompt the user to select an appropriate class (Act  846 ). The class may then be saved in the POI database  346  (Act  850 ). 
     Alternatively or additionally, to identify this point of interest, the driver may utter a pre-determined phrase, e.g., “New Point of Interest,” “Dangerous Intersection,” or other phrase. The voice recognition system may digitize this sample of speech. The processor may generate a link or store the digitized audio sample in a library. The navigation system  300  may save the speech sample for later output as “Attention! Dangerous Intersection!” The word “Attention” may be generated or created by the navigation system  300  rather than by the user. Furthermore, the navigation system  300  may store the user-generated or user-selected symbol representing the dangerous intersection in the symbol database  344 . The coordinates of the dangerous intersection may be stored in the POI database  346 . The point of interest and its coordinates may be associated with or linked to each other in the database. The symbol may also be an external symbol previously generated or prepared and/or selected by the user. For example, the symbol may be based on a digital photograph or a downloaded vector graphic file. This symbol may reside in any of the databases. 
       FIG. 9  shows acts  900  taken by the navigation system  300  while the driver navigates at a later time and approaches a point of interest. The navigation system  300  may provide navigation assistance while the driver approaches the intersection (Act  906 ). The navigation system  300  may determine when the driver is within a predetermined range or distance of the point of interest, in this case, the dangerous intersection (Act  910 ). The navigation system  300  may activate the speech synthesizer when the driver is within the predetermined range of the point of interest. The speech synthesizer  312  may output the following phrase: “Attention! Dangerous Intersection!” (Act  920 ). This informs the driver that he is approaching the dangerous intersection, which was previously entered into the navigation system  300 . The speech synthesizer  312  may output the previously digitized sample of the driver&#39;s speech. 
     The location subsystem may determine the actual distance to the coordinate position of the point of interest corresponding to the dangerous intersection. The position of the vehicle may be continuously monitored during travel. When the vehicle is within a predetermined distance from the point of interest, namely the dangerous intersection, the navigation system  300  makes the announcement. Alternatively, the warning may be in explicit form, such as “Attention! Dangerous Intersection! 100 meters.” The speech recognition system and speech synthesis system may also be configured such that a speech sample can be recorded directly from the driver for subsequent output. Readable text may be displayed to the user corresponding to the voice output message. 
     As a further example, during navigation, the driver may recognize a particular hotel of interest during navigation, for example, a Holiday House hotel. If the driver utters the phrase “Store Holiday House,” the navigation system  300  may store the actual position of the hotel (actual position of the vehicle). The navigation system  300  may also store the term “Hotels” as the class of the point of interest, as selected by the user. The navigation system  300  may store the new class, “Hotels,” in the POI database  346 , along with an associated link representing the coordinates of the actual position of the Holiday House hotel. For example, the new class, Hotels  366 , and the new point of interest, the Holiday House  372 , are shown in  FIG. 3 . 
       FIG. 10  shows acts  1000  that the navigation system  300  may take should the driver encounter a hidden speed limit zone (Act  1002 ). The driver may depress a position storage button when he encounters the speed zone. The navigation system  300  may recognize when the driver depresses the button (Act  1006 ) and may immediately store the actual position of the vehicle (Act  1008 ), as determined by the location subsystem. Subsequently, the navigation system  300  may display symbols on the display (Act  1010 ) representing various possible classes of points of interest, such as Hotels, Restaurants and the like. The navigation system  300  may also display an unassigned or blank class entitled “New Class.” Because the driver may not be able to immediately find a symbol indicating a speed limit zone, the navigation system  300  may accept driver input temporarily indicating selection of a new or blank class (Act  1012 ). The driver may then have occasion to stop, such as when at a traffic signal (Act  1016 ). Once stopped, the driver may have adequate time to enter or select the symbol for the “speed limit zone” under the class of “Dangerous Locations.” The navigation system  300  may automatically detect when the vehicle has stopped, and then prompt the driver for the additional information. The navigation system  300  may then accept the new class entitled “Dangerous Locations” and the new point of interest entitled “Speed Limit Zone” selected by the driver (Act  1020 ). The navigation system  300  may then store the new class and the point of interest in the POI database  346  (Act  1026 ). For example, the new class, Dangerous Locations  368 , and the associated point of interest, the Speed Limit Zone  384 , are shown in  FIG. 3 . 
     The next time that the driver approaches the speed limit zone, the navigation system  300  may display the symbol for the class defined as “Dangerous Locations,” and the point of interest defined as “speed limit zone.” The navigation system  300  may also display identifying text along with an audio warning. Thus, the driver may be warned in advance of the approaching speed limit zone. 
     As described above, route guidance may be performed by providing audio and/or visual information to the user. The navigation system  300  may also display a digital map showing the present position of the vehicle. The navigation system  300  may also indicate the route to be taken, along with the icons or symbols for various points of interest and associated class. In particular, the digital map may include symbols representing points of interest that may be individually customized by the user and stored while in route. Additionally, the icon or symbol may change form (blinking, highlighted, change of shape, change of color and the like) when the vehicle approaches or reaches the point of interest within a predetermined distance. Further, the above-described hardware and software may be incorporated in a hand-held device with no operating or functional differences. 
     The POI database  346  may be updated with an actual point of interest and/or a class of points of interest, along with the corresponding position. However, a newly defined point of interest need not necessarily belong to any pre-defined class. Examples of classes of points of interest may include Hotels, Restaurants, Service Stations, Police Stations, and other classes. Specific POIs may belong to a defined class, such as the Hotels class, or the Museums class. 
     The user may also define a new class of points of interest while in route. For example, the user may define a class of POIs representing a particular type of establishment, such as a hardware store. The user may select (or design) the type of symbol to represent the store at hand. Thus, the navigation system  300  may be customized in accordance with the user&#39;s preferences while the driver is in route. Further, the navigation system  300  may be operated by another user, such as a passenger. 
     The navigation system  300  may use any suitable coordinate system to identify and store the POIs. Any suitable software technique may be employed to associate the point of interest with its coordinates, such as pointers, links, multi-dimensional arrays, tables and the like. Links from entries of predefined or user-defined symbols may be associated with libraries corresponding to stored positional data. 
     The navigation system  300  may also be configured to store an arbitrary coordinate position corresponding to the point of interest or class of points of interest. For example, while in route, the user may recall that he passed a dangerous intersection several miles back. The driver may not have had sufficient time to enter the data or even issue any commands at that time. Accordingly, after the event, the user may input the dangerous intersection as a point of interest. The user may then assign a symbol to represent the dangerous intersection and may place that symbol at an arbitrary location on the map. The arbitrary location, of course, corresponds to the position at which the driver recalls the dangerous intersection being located. Thus, the driver (and vehicle) need not be physically located at a particular location to enter and save a particular point of interest. The user may enter or select a symbol corresponding to the point of interest using a cursor in a drag-and-drop manner. Such a drag-and-drop method may permit the user to position the symbol at the desired arbitrary position in the digital map. Accordingly, the user is not restricted to customizing the navigation system  300  based on a present or actual position. The user may also store the coordinates of an arbitrary position and associated point of interest at any time during navigation. 
     The logic, circuitry, and processing described above may be encoded in a computer-readable medium such as a CDROM, disk, flash memory, RAM or ROM, an electromagnetic signal, or other machine-readable medium as instructions for execution by a processor. Alternatively or additionally, the logic may be implemented as analog or digital logic using hardware, such as one or more integrated circuits (including amplifiers, adders, delays, and filters), or one or more processors executing amplification, adding, delaying, and filtering instructions; or in software in an application programming interface (API) or in a Dynamic Link Library (DLL), functions available in a shared memory or defined as local or remote procedure calls; or as a combination of hardware and software. 
     The logic may be represented in (e.g., stored on or in) a computer-readable medium, machine-readable medium, propagated-signal medium, and/or signal-bearing medium. The media may comprise any device that contains, stores, communicates, propagates, or transports executable instructions for use by or in connection with an instruction executable system, apparatus, or device. The machine-readable medium may selectively be, but is not limited to, an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, or infrared signal or a semiconductor system, apparatus, device, or propagation medium. A non-exhaustive list of examples of a machine-readable medium includes: a magnetic or optical disk, a volatile memory such as a Random Access Memory “RAM,” a Read-Only Memory “ROM,” an Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (i.e., EPROM) or Flash memory, or an optical fiber. A machine-readable medium may also include a tangible medium upon which executable instructions are printed, as the logic may be electronically stored as an image or in another format (e.g., through an optical scan), then compiled, and/or interpreted or otherwise processed. The processed medium may then be stored in a computer and/or machine memory. 
     The systems may include additional or different logic and may be implemented in many different ways. A controller may be implemented as a microprocessor, microcontroller, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), discrete logic, or a combination of other types of circuits or logic. Similarly, memories may be DRAM, SRAM, Flash, or other types of memory. Parameters (e.g., conditions and thresholds), and other data structures may be separately stored and managed, may be incorporated into a single memory or database, or may be logically and physically organized in many different ways. Programs and instruction sets may be parts of a single program, separate programs, or distributed across several memories and processors. The systems may be included in a wide variety of electronic devices, including a cellular phone, a headset, a hands-free set, a speakerphone, communication interface, or an infotainment system. 
     While various embodiments of the invention have been described, it will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art that many more embodiments and implementations are possible within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the invention is not to be restricted except in light of the attached claims and their equivalents.