Abstract:
A magnetic disk drive having a disk for storing information, a spindle motor for rotating the disk, a head for recording information into the disk and reproducing information from said disk, a suspension supporting a slider provided with the head, a carriage supporting said suspension, a voice coil motor for exerting a rotational torque to the carriage so as to locate the head on the disk, a base and a cover, and a ramp serving as a guide for unloading the head from the disk. A part of the suspension slides over the ramp so as to effect the unloading operation and the position or the posture of the ramp is changed by sliding movement of the part of the suspension over and with respect to the ramp during the unloading operation.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to a magnetic disk drive provided with a load-unload mechanism, in which the reliability of the drive is ensured when part of a suspension impinges on a ramp during an unloading operation. The present invention is suitably applied to a small-size magnetic disk apparatus employing magnetic disks of a small size such as 3.5 inch, 3 inch, 2.5 inch, 1.8 inch, 1.3 inch, 1 inch and 0.7 inch.  
           [0003]    2. Related Art  
           [0004]    A conventional small-size magnetic disk apparatus will be described with taking a small size magnetic disk apparatus disclosed in JP-A-6-96532 as an example. Information-recording magnetic disks, arranged in a stacked manner, are rotated at a constant speed by a spindle motor fixedly mounted on a base. A head, mounted on a slider, is supported on a carriage through a suspension, and flies with a minute distance above the disk so as to record and reproduce information. The high-speed, high-precision positioning of the head is effected by rotating (pivotally moving) the carriage by a voice coil motor. A pivot assembly, comprising a sleeve in which a pivot shaft and two ball bearings are received, is mounted on the carriage, and the pivot assembly is fixed on the base, so that the carriage can be rotated about the pivot shaft. The voice coil motor for driving the carriage comprises a driving coil, permanent magnets and a yoke. The driving coil is mounted on the carriage whereas the remaining elements, that is, the permanent magnets and the yoke (which will be hereinafter referred as “magnet-yoke assembly”), are fixedly secured on the base. The driving coil, interposed between magnetic circuits, is subjected to the magnetic field action, and therefore by energizing the driving coil, the carriage can be driven, so that the head can be located at a desired position of the disk.  
           [0005]    In a small-size disk apparatus, to enhance the recording density and an impact resistance is most important. To achieve this, there has been proposed a device equipped with a load-unload mechanism. The mainstream of such mechanism system is called “ramp load”, and is disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,237,472 and 5,574,604. A lift-tab, projected from a distal end of a suspension, is driven while guided by a curved cam surface (which is called a ramp), thereby loading the head onto the disk. When the read/write operation is finished, the head is unloaded from the disk, and is evacuated to the ramp. In this system, the head is evacuated from the disk, and therefore there is no fear of head-stiction. Therefore, there is no need to apply a conventional head-stiction prevention processing, such as texturing, to the disk, and a smooth disk can be used. Therefore, the flying height of the head can be reduced, and the recording density can be enhanced. And besides, since the head is evacuated from the disk, the impact resistance in an inoperative condition can be markedly enhanced.  
           [0006]    Prior art techniques, which are liable to be confused with the present invention, are disclosed in JP-A-08-129840 and JP-A-08-161842. More specifically, these publications disclose a disk apparatus in which in order to increase a recording range of a magnetic disk, the position of a ramp in a disk rotation standby condition (during the loading operation or during the unloading operation) is different from the position of the ramp during the rotation of the disk (during the recording or during the reproducing). However, in these publications, there is no mention of the type of disk apparatus in which the ramp is so supported that the position of the ramp can be displaced during the loading and unloading operations.  
           [0007]    In the ramp load system, disclosed in any of the above patents, the lift-tab, projected from the distal end of the suspension, is fixedly secured to the suspension, and the ramp is fixedly mounted on the base by screws or the like. Therefore, an impact force, produced by impingement occurring when the lift-tab slides onto the ramp during the unloading operation, is excessive, and can damage the head. And besides, as a result of this impingement, the lift-tab and the head are worn, and wear debris, resulting from these worn parts, deposits on the disk, the slider, the head and so on, and in some cases, this causes an operation failure or malfunction. Therefore, the number of loading and unloading operations has been limited.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    It is an object of the present invention to provide a magnetic disk apparatus provided with a load-unload mechanism of high reliability, in which even if loading and unloading operations are frequently repeated, damage to a head due to impingement of a lift-tab during the unloading operation is eliminated, and the lift-tab and a ramp are less liable to wear, and an operation failure or malfunction due to wear debris is eliminated.  
           [0009]    According to the present invention, there is provided a magnetic disk apparatus comprising a ramp serving as a guide for loading a head onto a disk and for unloading the head from the disk, wherein part of a suspension slides over the ramp so as to effect the loading operation and the unloading operation, and the ramp is so supported that during each of the loading and unloading operations, the position of the ramp can be displaced. In other words, during the loading operation, the position or the posture of the ramp is changed when the lift-tab begins to slide over the ramp. During the unloading operation, the position or the posture of the ramp is changed immediately after the lift-tab impinges on the ramp.  
           [0010]    Further, in the present invention, the position or the posture of the ramp may be changed during the unloading operation.  
           [0011]    In the present invention, one or two restraining members for restraining the position or the posture of the ramp are mounted on a base or a cover. When part of the suspension slides over the ramp during the loading operation or during the unloading operation, a friction force acts on the ramp, and the ramp is displaced until the ramp strikes against the restraining member, so that the position or posture of the ramp during the loading operation is different from the position or the posture of the ramp during the unloading operation.  
           [0012]    In the present invention, a cushioning member, made of an elastic material or a viscous-elastic material, is provided on one of those portions of the ramp and the restraining member for contact with each other.  
           [0013]    In the present invention, the ramp is supported for rotational displacement.  
           [0014]    In the present invention, the ramp is supported for translational movement.  
           [0015]    In the present invention, the restraining member is made of an elastic material or a viscous-elastic material. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 is a view showing the overall construction of one preferred embodiment of a magnetic disk apparatus of the present invention including a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions;  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 2 is a front-elevational view of a ramp as seen in a direction of arrow B of FIG. 1;  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the first example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the second example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 5 is a plan view showing a third example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 6 is a plan view showing the fourth example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 7 is a view showing paths of sliding movement of a lift-tab in the ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism during loading and unloading operations;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 8 is a view showing the overall construction of another embodiment of a magnetic disk apparatus including a ramp minute-translational displacement mechanism;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 9 is an enlarged view showing the ramp minute-translational displacement mechanism of FIG. 8;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 10 is a plan view of the first example of a lift-tab;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 10A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XA-XA of FIG. 10;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 11 is a plan view of the second example of a lift-tab;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 11A is a cross-sectional view taken along the line XIA-XIA of FIG. 11;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 12 is a plan view of the third example of a lift-tab; and  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 12A is a plan view taken along the line XIIA-XIIA of FIG. 12. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0031]    A preferred embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the drawings.  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 1 shows an overall construction of one preferred embodiment of a magnetic disk apparatus of the invention provided with a load-unload mechanism. In FIG. 1, a device cover  1   b  is shown as partly broken. A disk  2   a  is driven or rotated by a spindle motor  2   b  fixedly mounted on a base  1   a . A head (not shown) is mounted on a slider  6 , and flies with a minute distance above the disk  2   a  so as to record and reproduce information. The slider  6  is supported by a suspension  5   a , and the suspension  5   a  is supported by a carriage  4   a . A pivot assembly  4   c , having two ball bearings (not shown) received between a pivot shaft  4   b  and a sleeve (not shown), is held by the carriage  4   a , and the pivot shaft  4   b  is fixedly mounted on the base  1   a , and with this construction the carriage  4   a  is supported for rotation (pivotal movement) about the pivot shaft  4   b . A voice coil motor is constituted by a magnet-yoke assembly  3   a , comprising a yoke and permanent magnets, and a driving coil  3   b  mounted on the carriage  4   a . The carriage  4   a  is driven or rotated by this voice coil motor so as to position or locate the head on a desired track on the disk  2   a , thereby effecting the recording and reproducing of information.  
         [0033]    The device of the present invention is provided with the load-unload mechanism, and when the information is to be reproduced, the head, mounted on the slider  6 , is loaded onto the disk  2   a  in a direction of arrow A. When the device is to be brought into a sleep condition, or is to be stopped, the head is unloaded from the disk in a direction opposite to the direction of arrow A, and slides onto a ramp  7   a , and is held in an evacuated position. FIG. 1 shows an evacuated condition of the head (that is, an unload-completed condition). The ramp  7   a  is mounted on the base  1   a . The ramp  7   a  is rotatably (pivotally) supported by a ramp rotation shaft  8 , and the rotational displacement of the ramp  7  is limited by ramp-posture-restraining members  9  ( 9   a  and  9   b ). In this embodiment, although the ramp rotation shaft  8  and the ramp-posture-restraining members  9  are mounted on a horizontal surface of the base  1   a , the manner of mounting these members is not limited to it, and the cover  1   b  and other member may be utilized. A rotation mechanism, utilizing the ramp rotation shaft, comprises ball bearings or slide bearings. The ramp-posture-restraining members  9  are made of a material with a high loss-factor, such as a viscous-elastic material. A lift-tab  5   b , provided at a distal end of the suspension  5   a , slidingly moves over a sliding surface  7   b  (serving as a guide for this lift-tab  5   b ) formed on the ramp  7   a , so that the head loading and unloading operations can be effected. The sliding surface  7   b  forms a cam surface, and enables the smooth sliding movement of the lift-tab  5   b.    
         [0034]    A feature of the present invention resides in the structure to reduce an impact force, produced when the lift-tab  5   b  first impinges on the ramp  7   a , and then slides onto the ramp  7   a  during the unloading operation. More specifically, when the lift-tab  5   b  impinges on the ramp  7   a , the ramp  7   a  is minutely rotated. When the ramp  7   a  is moved, the ramp strikes against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9  ( 9   a ,  9   b ), so that its rotational displacement is limited. When the ramp  7   a  is pressed against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9 , the ramp-posture-restraining member  9  is elastically deformed, and then is restored into its original shape upon extinction of the impact force. The above impact energy is consumed by the minute-rotational displacement (movement) of the ramp and the elastic deformation of the ramp-posture-restraining member. As a result, the impact force, exerted on the suspension, is alleviated, so that damage to the head can be prevented. And besides, since the impact force is reduced, the lift-tab and the ramp are less liable to be worn, and therefore there can be achieved an apparatus of high reliability in which an operation failure due to wear debris is eliminated.  
         [0035]    The construction of the ramp, serving as a guide for the lift-tab, will be described with reference to FIG. 2. FIG. 2 is a front-elevational view of the ramp as seen in a direction of arrow B of FIG. 1. Reference numerals  7   e  and  7   f  denote lift-tab sliding surfaces, and the sliding surface  7   e  serves as a guide surface for loading and unloading the head relative to the upper surface of the disk whereas the sliding surface  7   f  serves as a guide surface for loading and unloading the head relative to the lower surface of the disk. Each of these guide surfaces is formed into a smoothly-curved surface including a flat surface. The illustrated embodiment is directed to an apparatus employing one disk, and in the case of an apparatus employing a plurality of disks, the number of lift-tab sliding surfaces is merely increased in accordance with the number of disks.  
         [0036]    The configuration of the lift-tab for sliding over the ramp will be described with reference to FIGS. 10, 11 and  12 . FIG. 10 is a plan view showing the first example of a lift-tab projected from the suspension. As shown in FIG. 10A, a curved surface  5   c  for sliding contact with the ramp is formed on the lift-tab  5   b , for example, by press working. FIG. 11 is a plan view showing the second example of a lift-tab. A hole  5   d  and a curved (semi-spherical) surface  5   e  for sliding contact with the ramp are formed in the lift-tab  5   b , for example, by press working. In this example, the semi-spherical sliding surface  5   e  is formed on the lift-tab  5   b , and therefore the lift-tab  5   b  can be disposed in point-contact with the ramp. FIG. 12 is a plan view showing the third example of a lift-tab. A hole is beforehand formed through the lift-tab  5   b , and for example, a hard ball  5   f  is press-fitted into this hole. In this example, also, a semi-spherical sliding surface is formed on the lift-tab  5   b , and therefore the lift-tab  5   b  can be disposed in point-contact with the ramp.  
         [0037]    Next, the minute-rotational displacement of the ramp and the shock absorption will be described with reference to FIG. 3. FIG. 3 is a plan view showing the first example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions. During the loading operation, the lift-tab (not shown) slides over the lift-tab sliding surface  7   b , formed on the ramp  7   a , in a direction of arrow A, and the ramp  7   a  is pressed against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   a , and in this condition (that is, in the posture of the ramp during the loading operation as indicated in a solid line  7   c ), the lift-tab moves apart from the ramp  7   a , and is loaded onto the disk (not shown). During the unloading operation, the lift-tab moves in a direction opposite to the direction of arrow A, and impinges on the lift-tab sliding surface  7   b , formed on the ramp  7   a , to rotate the ramp  7   a  in a minute amount, and the ramp  7   a  is pressed against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b , and in this condition (that is, in the posture of the ramp during the unloading operation as indicated in a dots-and-dash line  7   d ), the lift-tab slides over the lift-tab sliding surface  7   b , and moves until the carriage (not shown) strikes against a stopper (not shown). As described above, because of the provision of the ramp-posture-restraining members  9   a  and  9   b , the ramp  7   a  is supported for angular displacement through an angle  0 , and during the loading operation and during the unloading operation, the posture of the ramp is changed, that is to say, the posture of the ramp during the loading operation is different from the posture of the ramp during the unloading operation. The ramp-posture-restraining members are made, for example, of a viscous-elastic material with a high loss-factor, such as rubber and a resin material. During the unloading operation, when the ramp  7   a  is rotationally displaced in a minute amount to strike against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b , the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b  is elastically deformed to absorb the impact energy.  
         [0038]    Modified ramp-posture-restraining members will be described with reference to FIG. 4. FIG. 4 is a plan view showing the second example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions. The ramp-posture-restraining members  9   a  and  9   b  are made, for example, of stainless steel, aluminum or a plastics material. Cushioning members  10   a  and  10   b , made of a viscous-elastic material such as rubber and a resin material, are wound on the ramp-posture-restraining members  9   a  and  9   b , respectively. During the unloading operation, the lift-tab (not shown) impinges on the lift-tab sliding surface  7   b , formed on the ramp  7   a , to rotationally displace the ramp  7   a  in a minute amount, and as a result the ramp  7   a  strikes against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b , and the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b  is elastically deformed to absorb the impact energy. Here, a gap between the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b  and the ramp  7   a  during the loading operation is set at δ. However, during the unloading operation, the cushioning member  10   b  is elastically deformed by being pressed by the ramp  7   a , and therefore the gap δ may be substantially zero.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 5 is a plan view showing the third example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and a shock-absorbing portion. Ramp-posture-restraining members  9   a  and  9   b  are made of, for example, stainless steel, aluminum or a plastics material. A cushioning member  10   b  (having a thickness t), made of, for example, a viscous-elastic material such as rubber and a resin material, is wound on the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b . Here, a gap between the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b  and the ramp  7   a  during the loading operation is set at zero. During the unloading operation, the lift-tab (not shown) impinges on the ramp  7   a  to rotationally displace the ramp  7   a  in a minute amount, and then the ramp  7   a  strikes against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b , and thus the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b  is elastically deformed, so that the impact energy is absorbed.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 6 is a plan view, showing the fourth example of a ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and shock-absorbing portions, and shows the posture of the ramp during the loading operation. Ramp-posture-restraining members  9   a  and  9   b  are made of, for example, stainless steel, aluminum or a plastics material. Cushioning members  11   a  and  11   b , made of, for example, a viscous-elastic material such as rubber and a resin material, are secured to the ramp  7   a  by bonding or fitting into a groove formed on the ramp (not shown). During the unloading operation, the lift-tab (not shown) impinges on the ramp  7   a  to rotationally displace the ramp  7   a  in a minute amount, and then the ramp  7   a  strikes against the ramp-posture-restraining member  9   b , so that the cushioning member  11   b  is elastically deformed to absorb the impact energy. Here, a gap between the cushioning member  11   b  and the ramp  7   a  during the loading operation is set at δ. However, during the unloading operation, the cushioning member  11   b  is elastically deformed by being pressed by the ramp  7   a , and therefore the gap δ may be set at substantially zero.  
         [0041]    With respect to the first example (FIGS. 1 and 3), the second example (FIG. 4), the third example (FIG. 5) and the fourth example (FIG. 6) of the ramp 20  posture-restraining members, although the ramp-posture-restraining members  9   a  and  9   b , as well as the cushioning members  10   a  and  10   b , have a circular cross-section, they are not limited to such a circular shape, but may have any other suitable shape such as an oval shape and a polygonal shape.  
         [0042]    As described above, in the present invention, the impact force, applied to the suspension, is reduced, so that damage to the head can be prevented. And besides, since the impact force is reduced, the lift-tab and the ramp are less liable to wear. Furthermore, a path of sliding movement on the ramp during the loading operation is different from a path of sliding movement on the ramp during the unloading operation, and therefore an amount of wear of the ramp and lift-tab, caused by the sliding contact therebetween, is reduced to about a half, and there can be achieved an apparatus of high reliability in which an operation failure due to wear debris is eliminated. FIG. 7 shows the paths of sliding movement of the lift-tab on the ramp. During the loading operation, the sliding-contact point of the lift-tab moves along the sliding movement path indicated in a dot-and-dash line  14 , and the head is loaded onto the disk. During the unloading operation, the sliding-contact point of the lift-tab moves along the sliding movement path indicated in a dot-and-dash line  15 , and the lift-tab is stopped in a predetermined position (unloading home position) on the lift-tab-sliding surface  7   b . Therefore, the path of sliding movement on the ramp during the loading operation and the path of sliding movement on the ramp during the unloading operation do not coincide with each other although the two paths intersect each other in the vicinity of a central portion of the lift-tab sliding surface  7   b . In the above-mentioned conventional devices, the lift-tab always slides twice over the same path for each load-unload cycle (forward and backward strokes of one reciprocal movement). On the other hand, in the present invention, the lift-tab always slides once over two different paths for each load-unload cycle. Therefore the number of sliding movement for each of the two different paths is about a half as compared with the conventional devices. The direction of a friction force during the loading operation is opposite to the direction of a friction force during the unloading operation. Therefore, in the conventional devices in which the lift-tab slides over the same path during the loading and unloading operations, the shearing stress acting on sliding contact portions of the lift-tab and the ramp, becomes positive and negative alternately. In the present invention, however, the lift-tab always slides over the corresponding path substantially in the same direction during the loading and unloading operations, and therefore the amplitude of the stress is about a half of that in the conventional devices. As a result, an amount of wear of the ramp and lift-tab is about a half of that in the conventional devices.  
         [0043]    The examples of mechanisms for effecting the minute-rotational displacement of the ramp have been described above, and next, an example of a mechanism for effecting a minute-translational displacement of a ramp will be described. FIG. 8 shows an overall construction of another embodiment of a magnetic disk apparatus of the invention incorporating a ramp minute-translational displacement mechanism. FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the ramp minute-translational displacement mechanism. Those portions of this embodiment, identical to those of the magnetic disk apparatus of FIG. 1 (which includes the ramp minute-rotational displacement mechanism and the shock-absorbing portions), will be designated by identical reference numerals, respectively. FIG. 8 shows an evacuated condition of a head (unload-finished condition). A ramp  16   a  is mounted on a base  1   a . Reference numeral  16   b  denotes a lift-tab sliding surface. The ramp  16   a  is supported by two sheet springs  12  for allowing translational movement only in one direction. Namely, with respect to the disk  2   a , the ramp  16   a  can be moved in the in-plane direction of the disk  2   a , and other degrees of freedom are restricted. In FIG. 8, the sheet springs  12  are arranged perpendicular to the direction of the lengthwise direction of the base  1   a . However, the sheet springs  12  may be arranged so as to be parallel to a line connecting a lift-tab  5   b  in the evacuated condition of the head (the unload-finished condition) with a pivot shaft  4   b . The ramp  16   a  is supported by the two sheet springs  12 , and therefore is normally held in a neutral position. However, during the unloading operation, the lift-tab  5   b  impinges on the ramp  16   a , so that the ramp  16   a  is displaced. Therefore, a cushioning member  13  is mounted on a horizontal surface of the base  1   a  and attached adjacent to a side surface of the ramp  16   a . This cushioning member  13  limits the translational movement of the ramp  16   a , and also absorbs the impact energy. In this embodiment, although the sheet springs  12  and the cushioning member  13  are mounted on the horizontal surface of the base  1   a , the manner of mounting these members is not limited to it, and a cover  1   b  and other members can be utilized. The cushioning member  13  is made of a material with a high loss-factor, such as a viscous-elastic material.  
         [0044]    In the present invention, the ramp is supported for minute displacement, and the posture of the ramp is changed during the unloading operation. The restraining members for restraining the posture of the ramp are provided, and the cushioning members are provided at portions that the ramp and the restraining members come into contact with each other. The impact energy, produced when the lift-tab slides onto the ramp during the unloading operation, is consumed by the minute displacement of the ramp and the deformation of the cushioning member.  
         [0045]    As a result, the impact force, applied to the suspension, is reduced, and damage to the head is prevented. Since the impact force, produced during the unloading operation, is reduced, the lift-tab and the ramp are less liable to wear, and therefore there can be achieved an apparatus of high reliability in which an operation failure due to wear debris is eliminated. And besides, the sliding movement path on the ramp during the loading operation and the sliding movement path on the ramp during the unloading operation do not coincide with each other, and therefore the number of sliding movement, as well as the amplitude of the stress, is about a half of that in the conventional devices, and there can be achieved an apparatus of high reliability in which an operation failure due to wear debris is eliminated.  
         [0046]    Having described the preferred embodiments of the invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the embodiments and that various changes and modifications could be effected therein by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.