Abstract:
A process of, and apparatus for controlling waste ink from an ink jet printer printhead, transfers waste ink to an absorptive diaper, and at least intermittently forces air across the absorptive diaper to promote evaporation of certain volatile ink components from the transferred ink. Waste ink may be received and temporarily retained on a plurality of spaced apart inclined louvers located above the absorptive diaper, and air conveyed across and between the louvers to promote evaporation of certain volatile components from the received ink.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to printers of the ink jet variety and more particularly to a system for concentrating and containing waste ink in such printers. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Conventional ink jet printers require a storage device for accumulating waste ink due to printhead maintenance, which requires jetting of ink droplets periodically to clear contamination from nozzles or to ensure proper ink chemistry at the nozzle openings. More recent inks have become more difficult to maintain, due to customer expectations of faster throughput, greater optical density, and less bleeding into the print media. Each of these results in inks which require more jetting to properly maintain the printheads and an associated increase in the quantity of waste ink to be controlled. 
     A common method of accumulating waste ink is to capture it in an absorbent material (referred hereafter as a diaper) to prevent contamination due to printer orientation. A diaper would normally be placed in an open tray, or some other type of open container. A complete saturation of the diaper causes flooding, or spilling, in a printer that uses diapers in the traditional manner. With the increased waste requirements due to increased throughput and printer life, the volume of felt material can become substantial. As an example, certain commercially available printers have diapers that line nearly the entire bottom surface of the printer. Even so, under certain conditions such as high duty cycle, or duty cycle bursts late in printer life, the probability of waste overflow becomes increasingly high. Further, pigment based inks tend to render absorbent material ineffective due to pigment bridging of the capillary paths. As a result, an alternate technique of managing pigment ink waste is sometimes required. 
     In many cases, space constraints do not allow for adequate diaper size. For these applications, a diaper is used to perhaps cover an open container to minimize splashing of waste ink in the event the printer is transported. This method can only be used for printers with a relatively short recommended life, thus less waste ink. The uncertainty of actual life, however, in addition to duty cycle uncertainties, renders this method inferior. 
     Critical to managing ink waste is evaporating the “fast volatiles”, such as water, from the ink as efficiently as possible. This reduces the risk of spillage, or overflow, and reduces the volumetric requirements for waste containment. Another critical design element is to provide adequate, but not excessive, volumetric requirements for ink waste. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention optimizes available and cost effective components that, as a system, maximize evaporation and minimize volumetric waste requirements. Further, the present invention provides a robust method of spillage or overflow containment. 
     The invention comprises, in one form thereof, a process in which ink jet printer waste ink from a printhead is transferred to a surface across which air is forced to promote evaporation of certain volatile ink components from the ink. The surface may comprise an absorptive diaper. 
     Also in general, and in one form of the invention, waste ink from an ink jet printer printhead is controlled by depositing the waste ink on a region, exposing the deposited ink to an air flow to promote evaporation of certain volatile ink components, and transferring at least some unevaporated ink from the region to a spill-resistant container. 
     An advantage of the present invention is an increased waste ink disposal capability with minimum retention capacity requirements. 
     Another advantage is waste ink confinement with reduced spillage potential. 
     Yet another advantage is effective waste ink containment by quickly evaporating certain volatile ink components prior to containment, securely retaining the unevaporated components, and allowing for additional evaporation subsequent to containment. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a portion of an ink jet printer showing a carriage and improved maintenance station; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a printhead and portions of the maintenance station of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view orthogonal to FIG. 2 showing portions of the maintenance station and a sump for receiving and retaining waste ink; and 
     FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a detailed implementation of a waste ink sump. 
    
    
     Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplification set out herein illustrates one preferred embodiment of the invention, in one form, and such exemplification is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring now to the drawings and particularly to FIG. 1, there is shown a portion of an ink jet printer having a carriage  11  supporting ink cartridges such as a color cartridge  15  and a  19  black ink cartridge  13  for reciprocable motion along a guide rod  17 . During periods of nonuse, carriage  11  assumes a parked position over the service or maintenance station  19  which includes ink caps such as  21 , and a series of spaced apart inclined surfaces or louvers  23  and a spit wheel  25 , each for receiving and temporarily retaining waste ink from certain of the printheads such as printheads  27  and  28 . Portions of the maintenance station are also accessible through the access door  43 . 
     In FIG. 2, the color ink printhead  28  is shown at the maintenance station superimposed over the louvers  23 . Beneath the louvers is an absorptive diaper portion  33  which receives the dye-based color inks dripping from the louvers  23 . Fan  59  blows air as illustrated by the arrows  51  and  53 , across the louvers and the diaper portion  33  to promote evaporation of some of the more volatile components (frequently water) from the ink. The louvers  23  and horizontal portion  33  of the diaper are also seen in FIG.  3 . 
     Some ink may not be evaporated on the louvers and may drip though as at  61 . This ink is deposited on the diaper portion  33  across which air from fan  59  continues to flow promoting further evaporation. If evaporation fails to keep pace with the deposition of waste ink, some ink drains into the sump  34 . If the sump is sufficiently filled, the ink will contact the vertical portion  31  of the diaper  29 . If the evaporation catches up with the rate of deposition, ink will be wicked up from the reservoir  34  and back to the diaper portion  33  for evaporation. When color ink printhead  28  is disposed over the louvers  23 , black ink printhead  27  is located over the spit wheel  25 . Printhead  27  may also be purged at the maintenance station with waste ink jetted onto the spit wheel  25 . Spit wheel  25  is periodically rotationally incremented and functions to receive and dry the pigment based (black) ink. The dry ink  44  is scraped from the wheel  25  by a scraper  28  and the dried ink deposited in the sump  34  as shown at  45 . 
     Printheads  28  spit ink  55 ,  57  onto louvers such as  23 . Waste ink is held, by surface tension, for evaporation by airflow from fan  59  passing through the louvers as illustrated in FIG. 2 by the arrows  51  and  53 . Unlike spit wheel  25 , however, no active method of removing ink exists. The dye-based inks used for this application contain humectants and slow volatile solvents—both of which remain in liquid form. Consequently, the fast volatiles, primarily water, evaporate quickly, while the remaining liquid residue resides on the louver surface. Over a number of spit cycles, the slow volatile liquids will coalesce and drip to a diaper  29  below. If the printer duty cycle rate is so great that complete evaporation does not occur, this liquid drips to the diaper without event. Incomplete evaporation at the spit louvers will be referred to as “saturating the louvers”. Evaporation on the louvers is enhanced by airflow through them, as shown by arrows  51  and  53  in FIG.  2 . 
     The diaper is shaped like an inverted “L”, as shown in FIG.  3 . The horizontal component  33  receives ink from the louvers  23  and distributes it within the diaper. As ink progressively accumulates, the horizontal component  33  will become saturated. During this transition to saturation, the vertical component  31  absorbs ink as well. Over time, the entire diaper may become saturated. If printing intensity decreases, evaporation will free up diaper volume for future saturation cycles. If not, ink will drip into a container  34  as shown at  49 . 
     A more detailed sump or reservoir  35  is shown in FIG. 4 where transverse diaper portion  33  is surrounded by the spill lip  47  which forms the reservoir top into a tray to prevent spillage from the reservoir top. A pair of drain holes  39  and  41  convey excess ink to the reservoir interior. Slot  37  accepts the lower portion of the spit wheel  25  as illustrated in FIG.  3 . The reservoir of FIG. 4 comprises a spill proof container  35  with integrated diaper  29 . The container, or sump, is a single blow molded component that is closed on all sides except for the cutouts such as  37  shown on top. Spill lips  47  around the perimeter prevent spillage from ink on the top surface if the printer is tilted. Note that the diaper, as well as drain holes  39  and  41 , minimizes the volume of ink on this surface, even in high duty cycle applications. The same spill lip acts to retain fluid inside the container as well. 
     The method of operation of the present invention should now be clear. Three stages of operation are involved. In the first stage, evaporation occurs prior to containment of the waste ink. Evaporation prior to containment uses two methods. For pigment-based (Black) ink, the printhead  27  spits or purges waste ink over a spit wheel  25 , as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3. The effective surface tension of the wheel  25  holds the ink in place without runoff and dripping. The wheel is indexed about axis  26  periodically to present the ink, which is assumed to be dry, to a scraper  28  positioned in the bottom quadrant of the wheel. The scraper  28  removes the dry ink, which is then deposited to the bottom of the waste container  34  as shown at  45 . 
     The second method of evaporation prior to containment focuses on dye-based (color) inks. As waste fluid ink progressively fills the sump  35 , it contacts the diaper vertical portion  31 . The diaper wicks the fluid to the areas of lowest ink saturation, which will be the horizontal portion  33  during periods of low printer activity. This will present the fluid to air currents  53 , which will quickly evaporate the fast volatiles that were contained during periods of high printer activity. Thus, the diaper  29  serves a dual evaporation purpose: First, it evaporates the fast volatiles before entering the sump. Second, it evaporates the fast volatiles which were contained before evaporation could occur (high duty cycles). 
     The second stage, evaporation during containment, is accomplished by the diaper  29  which is positioned directly beneath the spit louvers  23 . Ink coalescing on the louvers, and subsequently dripping onto the diaper, effectively initiates stage two. The diaper absorbs the ink, and distributes it for maximum surface area contact. Absorption of all liquid is ideal, as potential spillage is eliminated. Maximum surface area contact provides enhanced evaporation. For printing applications in which duty cycles are sufficient to saturate the louvers, the diaper offers a second opportunity. Ink will drip into a container  34  as shown at  49 . This initiates phase three, spill-proof containment. 
     The diaper  29  behaves much the same way as traditional diapers. That is, the diaper will absorb, then evaporate, liquid ink. Times of high duty cycles will saturate the diaper, then evaporate during periods of less intense printer activity. (Each saturation, and subsequent evaporation, is referred to as a “saturation cycle”.) Local saturation of the diaper may also occur. With each saturation cycle, however, a loss of ink absorption efficiency occurs. As a result, ink must migrate progressively from the point of origin to the boundaries of the diaper to be absorbed. Although saturation may occur, evaporation will free up diaper capacity if given enough time. Evaporation from the diaper is enhanced by airflow over the horizontal surface  33  of the diaper, as well as through the louvers  23 . 
     While this invention has been described as having a preferred design, the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.