Abstract:
Method and apparatus for printing a color document file having page description commands including process color commands for graphic objects and bitmapped images on an accent color printer. A particular accent color and shade is assigned to each primary color and a particular accent color is assigned to all bitmapped images. A print driver responsive to the color document file and particular color assignments adds color mapping parameters to the color document file to produce a modified color document file. A raster image processor connected to the print driver and responsive to the modified color document file maps the process color commands in the color document file to a shade of a particular accent color for each graphic object, maps the process color commands for all bitmapped images to a specified accent color, and produces a plurality of full page bitmaps, one for each accent color. A print engine capable of printing a plurality of accent color s, is connected to the raster image processor for receiving the full page bitmaps and prints the accent color document. The color document file is supplied to the print driver and raster image processor for printing the accent color document.

Description:
The disclosure in the appendix contains material to which a claim of copyright protection is made. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction of any one of the patent documents or the patent disclosure as it appears in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but reserves all other rights whatsoever. 
     FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates generally to printing systems for printing color documents, and more particularly to such printing systems with capability for printing accent color. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Computer users have the ability to add color to their documents using popular application software for desktop publishing, spreadsheets, forms, etc. As used herein, the term document refers to a visual display of a graphical image, whether on a CRT or on paper, and the digital data required to generate the visual display is called a document file. Typically, if a user wishes to print a color document, the document file is sent to a process color printing system. Process color is defined as the mixing of toners to obtain a particular hue and saturation of a given color. Process color printing systems commonly use cyan, magenta, yellow and black toners to create colors. Various combinations of color toners are mixed or overlaid to create a desired color. A process color printer generally makes four (4) passes to print a color document, one pass for each of the process color toners available in the printer. When a color document is sent to a process color printing system, the colors seen on the display when viewing the document are similar to the colors on the printed output. 
     Accent color is becoming commonplace in today&#39;s business environment. A significant volume of color work can satisfactorily and economically be accomplished by accent color printers. Accent color is defined as using the toners installed in an accent color printer to represent a process color without any mixing or overlaying of toners. Shades of a color are depicted using a percentage of a particular toner. Some printers that do accent color printing also do shading by creating patterns with a combination of black plus a color toner to produce different shades of a particular color without actually placing one color of toner on top of another color of toner. Document preparers use accent color for a variety of purposes, including logos, signatures, forms, highlighting key topics of a document, emphasis on variable data and personalized information. Because an accent color printer may require fewer passes to print an accent color document, accent color printing can be faster and less expensive than process color printing. If a document has only black, red and blue, three (3) passes are required versus four (4) passes for a four color process color printer. Since the tolerances for color registration in an accent color marking engine can be less than for a process color marking engine, an accent color marking engine can be manufactured less expensively than a process color marking engine. 
     A current challenge with printing color documents on an accent color printer is how to change a process color specification, which typically requires four toners, to an accent color specification using fewer than four color toners. Another challenge is how to represent colors that are darker than a pure color that is normally represented by 100% of a toner. When generating business graphics or documents, a document preparer is concerned with highlighting information using color but is not necessarily as concerned with matching a particular color. 
     An example of a printer that is designed to print accent color is the Xerox 4890, manufactured by Xerox Corp., Rochester, N.Y. The Xerox 4890 prints black plus one accent color. To process accent color documents, the Xerox 4890 employs a file server, called a FIBRE™ server, that is installed in front of the 4890 controller to convert a document file having process color data to a best accent color match. Commands are inserted by the file server into the document file to specify where accent color is to be used. If blue is available in the Xerox 4890 printer, all blue colors in the document are represented as a combination of black and blue toner, with all other colors represented as a shade of gray. The Xerox 4890 printer limits the user to only one accent color for a document. 
     It would be desirable to have a system that is capable of providing more than one accent color and which provides an efficient process for mapping process color commands to the toner colors available on the accent color printer. It would also be desirable to have such a system that would produce aesthetically pleasing results. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The object of this invention is to provide an accent color printer having more than one accent colors, wherein the output of the printer is an accent color representation of process color commands in a document file. The present invention differs from the prior art in that it provides for the processing of process color information into more than one accent colors. It is relatively easy to map all colors that are not black to a single accent color, but it is much more difficult to map process colors to multiple accent colors. The printing of color documents should require no extra steps than are already necessary. It is the object of the present invention, to provide print drivers for a particular host computer platform (e.g. PC and Macintosh) that enable multiple accent color printing and that give the user the ability to map process colors to multiple accent colors. It is a further object to provide an accent color mapping method that receives process color specifications and maps the color to an appropriate accent color It is a still further object to ensure that no toner overlay will take place as a result of the accent color mapping. 
     The objects of the present invention are achieved by providing a method and apparatus for printing a color document file having page description commands including process color commands for graphic objects and bitmapped images on an accent color printer. A particular accent color and shade is assigned to each primary color and a particular accent color is assigned to all bitmapped images. A print driver responsive to the color document file and particular color assignments adds color mapping parameters to the color document file to produce a modified color document file. A raster image processor connected to the print driver and responsive to the modified color document file maps the process color commands in the color document file to a shade of a particular accent color for each graphic object, maps the process color commands for all bitmapped images to a specified accent color, and produces a plurality of full page bitmaps, one for each accent color. A print engine capable of printing a plurality of accent color s, is connected to the raster image processor for receiving the full page bitmaps and prints the accent color document. The color document file is supplied to the print driver and raster image processor for printing the accent color document. 
     ADVANTAGES OVER PRIOR ART 
     One of the main advantages of the present invention over the prior art is that there are no extra steps involved and no extra hardware or software required than is normally used to produce accent color documents on current accent color printing systems. The user is not restricted in their selection of color within their documents and has the ability through the print drivers to map the display colors to printer colors for colors they know aren&#39;t available on the marking engine. The invention also provides the advantage of having more than one accent color capability on a page by page basis. Since the accent color process makes it possible for the accent color printer to only make as many passes as necessary for each page, there is a distinct time advantage for an accent color printer versus a process color printer. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a printing system useful in practicing the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the major software subsystems in the printing system of FIG. 1, employed to perform accent color printing according to the present invention; and 
     FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing the operations performed by the accent color filter. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring now to FIG. 1, there is shown a block diagram of a color printing system that is capable of scanning and printing monochrome documents and adding multiple accent colors to scanned documents. A suitable color printing system that has been configured to operate according to the present invention is the Kodak 1580 Copier-Printer, available from the Eastman Kodak Co., Rochester, N.Y. According to FIG. 1, a host computer 10 has a monitor 11 and a keyboard 12 attached to the computer for creating process color documents. The host computer 10 is connected to a color printing system 14 by communication lines 15. The process color document files are processed by a raster image processor (RIP) 16 and passed on to a color marking engine 20. Color marking engine 20 has the capability of printing multiple accent colors. An ASCII terminal 18 and keyboard 19 is used to view job status, configure RIP parameters, and resolve mismatches for resources or capabilities that were requested in the color document file but cannot be satisfied by the marking engine, such as request for a particular accent color that is not presently installed in the marking engine. For example if a document file specifies an accent color that is not installed in the marking engine 20, a message is displayed on the ASCII terminal 18 and the user is given the option to install the specified color in the marking engine or to allow the RIP to print with the current available colors. 
     Referring to FIG. 2, a block diagram of the major software subsystems of the color printing system is shown. The host computer contains a host application 22, such as Microsoft Word™, Aldus Pagemaker™, etc. that delivers a color document file expressed in generic page description commands for creating graphic objects such as letters, numbers, symbols, lines and shapes to a print driver 24. The print, driver 24 converts the generic page description commands to specific page description commands in a page description language such as Adobe PostScript™. The page description language contains process color commands indicating the color of the graphic objects. According to the present invention, the print driver 24 adds parameters for mapping the process colors to accent colors and sends the specific page description commands and color mapping parameters to an accent color filter 26 in the RIP 16. The accent color filter 26 employs the color mapping parameters to generate instructions for redefining the process color commands to generate accent color rather than process color, as described in detail below. The accent color filter 26 supplies the specific page description commands with the modified color commands to an interpreter 28. The interpreter 28 converts the page description commands and modified color commands to full page bitmaps, one for each accent color, for driving the marking engine 20. 
     The print driver 24 displays a color mapping table, Table 1, via the host computer monitor 11. The user can select a desired mapping from the process colors shown on the monitor (called &#34;Display Color&#34; in table 1) to the accent colors available on the marking engine 20 (called &#34;Printer Color&#34; in table 1) by indicating one of the Printer Colors for each display color using a pointing device such as the keyboard 19, or a mouse (not shown). In response to the user selection, the print driver 24 inserts color mapping parameters representing the selection into the specific page description commands. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________Display Color      Printer Color______________________________________Red        [Automatic, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Black]Green      [Automatic, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Black]Blue       [Automatic, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Black]Cyan       [Automatic, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Black]Magenta    [Automatic, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Black]Yellow     [Automatic, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Black]All Bitmaps      [Automatic, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow, Black]______________________________________ 
    
     If &#34;Automatic&#34; is chosen for any of the printer colors, the print driver 24 does not insert a color mapping parameter into the specific page description language for that particular display color. When no color mapping parameter is specified, the accent color filter 26 will use default values (as shown in Table 2 below) to map the display colors to the accent colors available in the marking engine 20. 
     The page description language can contain bitmapped images as well as graphic objects. Bitmapped images are treated differently than other process color graphic objects because they often contain color specifications that are not readily converted into accent color. The capability &#34;All Bitmaps&#34; is given to the user to specify which accent color they would like bitmapped images to be printed with. This allows the bitmapped images to be highlighted in a document. The interpreter 28 maps the colors in bitmapped images to shades of a single accent color. 
     Referring to FIG. 3, the operation of the accent color filter 26 will be described in more detail. The accent color filter 26 employs the color mapping parameters to generate an accent color prolog for the color document file which consists of instructions for redefining process color commands and additional commands that enable the interpreter 28 to trap the color commands within the color document file and convert the color commands to an accent color bitmap for each accent color. The accent color prolog data is inserted (34) at the top of the color document file. An accent color prolog written in the PostScript™ language for use in the Kodak 1580 Copier-Printer is included as Appendix A. 
     The accent color filter 26 reads the color document file until the start of a page is found (36). At the beginning of each page, the accent color filter 26 inserts a command (38) at the beginning of a page to save the page information to a temporary file. An example of the command in the PostScript™ language is &#34;aReadPage&#34;. The accent color filter searches for the end of a page (40) and inserts a comment and a command at the end of the page to process the temporary file information multiple times based on the number of accent color s required for that page. An example of the comment and command in the PostScript™ language is &#34;%%ENDPAGE&#34; and &#34;aSeparations&#34;. Next the accent color filter 26 searches for the last page (44). At the end of the last page, the accent color filter processes any remaining data, sends it on to the interpreter 28, and exits 50 the process. The interpreter 28 now processes the multiple images for each page and sends the bitmap images to the marking engine 20. 
     The method of mapping process color data to accent colors will now be described in more detail. The color mapping process used by the accent color prolog converts the color spaces, specified in RGB (Red, Green, Blue) and CMYK (Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Black), all expressed as values between 0 and 1, into an HSB (Hue, Saturation, Brightness) color space. The hue is a value between 0 and 1 that indicates which of the following colors is being represented: red, green, blue, cyan, magenta or yellow. The brightness is a value between 0 and 1 that indicates whether Black, White, Gray, a Dark Color or a shade of one of the above colors is represented. The saturation is a value between 0 and 1 that is used to represent the shade of a color. The brightness value is the maximum of the RGB values. The saturation value is calculated as: 
     
         saturation value=(max(RGB)-min(RGB))/max(RGB).             (1) 
    
     A pseudo code formula for default mapping of HSB values to an accent color is shown in Table 2 below: 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________if brightness = 0 map color to blackelse if saturation = 0 if brightness = 1  map color to white else  map color to blackelse percent accent color = saturation*brightness if brightness &lt; .4 map color to percent black =  1 - (.3 R + .59 G + .11 B)*100.else map color to color indicated by hue using  percent of accent color.______________________________________ 
    
     Table 3 shows the default color mapping decision resulting from the pseudo code formula of Table 2, and shows the default toner values for each display color. 
     
                       TABLE 3______________________________________Color  Hue       Saturation                     Brightness                              Default Toner______________________________________Black  0         0        0        BlackWhite  0         0        1Gray   0         0         &gt;0-&lt;1   BlackDark   0-1       &gt;0-1       &gt;0-.4  BlackColorsRed    .875-     &gt;0-1     &gt;.4-1    Red  .999, 0-  .125Yellow &gt;.125-    &gt;0-1     &gt;.4-1    Yellow or 50%  &lt;.208                       GreenGreen  .208-     &gt;0-1     &gt;.4-1    Green  .458Cyan   &gt;.458-    &gt;0-1     &gt;.4-1    50% Blue  &lt;542Blue   .542-     &gt;0-1     &gt;.4-1    Blue  .792Magenta  &gt;.792-    &gt;0-1     &gt;.4-1    50% Red  &lt;.875______________________________________ 
    
     As shown in Table 3, Cyan, magenta and yellow (if yellow toner is not installed on the marking engine 20) colors are mapped to 50% of their default toner. If the user explicitly maps the display colors in the print driver 24, the colors are mapped to 100% of the accent color requested. Since a pure display color is represented by 100% of an accent color, there is no way to represent a darker shade of that display color without mixing a color toner with black toner. If the mixing of toners is not allowed in the marking engine 20, darker shades of a display color are represented by 40% to 100% of a toner when the brightness values is less than 0.98 as shown in the &#34;Dark Colors&#34; row of Table 3. If the brightness value is less than 0.4, a shade of gray is used to represent the color since, any color having a brightness value less than 0.4 is so dark that its color is perceived to be a shade of black. 
     As a color goes from very light to pure to black the colors will be represented as shown in the following color mapping formula expressed in pseudo code: 
     
         ______________________________________If brightness &lt; .98 brightness = 1 - brightness + .4percent accent color = brightness*saturation*100.______________________________________ 
    
     Several examples showing the process color represented in RGB values, the corresponding display color and the accent color resulting from process according to the present invention are shown in Table 4. 
     
                       TABLE 4______________________________________RGB Value        Disclay Color Accent Color______________________________________1.9.9            Light Red     10% Red100              Pure Red      100% Red.900             Darker Red    50% Red.400             Very Dark Red 88% Black______________________________________ 
    
     The values in Table 4 show how the different shades of display colors are represented by accent colors according to the present invention. 
     If red, green, or blue toners are not available in the marking engine 20, and the display colors are mapped by the user to &#34;Automatic&#34; in the print driver 24, the display colors are represented by the first toner available in red, green, blue, yellow priority order and the percent black formula in Table 2 above is used to calculate the percent of accent color toner to use. 
     Table 3 and equation (1) above show the default color mapping that takes place in the accent color filter 26 if the user selects &#34;Automatic&#34; for any of the printer colors in the print driver 24 given the different combinations of red, green, blue and yellow toner installed in the marking engine 20. If the user explicitly maps a display color to a particular printer color in the print driver 24, the display color maps to 100% of the printer color. 
     Table 5 shows the default mapping if only one accent color toner and black toner are installed in the color marking engine 20. Each column of the table represents the mapping of display colors if only black and the accent color indicated at the top of the column are installed. 
     
                       TABLE 5______________________________________Accent Colors(Black, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow)Display Color    R&amp;Bk     G&amp;Bk      B&amp;Bk    Y&amp;Bk______________________________________Black    100% BK  100% Bk   100% Bk 110% BkDark Colors    %Bk      %Bk       %Bk     %BkGray     %Bk      %Bk       %Bk     %BkRed      100% R   70% G     70% B   70% YGreen    41% R    100% G    41% B   41% YBlue     89% R    89% G     100% B  89% YCyan     30% R    30% G     50% B   30% YMagenta  50% R    59% G     59% B   56% YYellow   11% R    11% G     11% B   100% Y______________________________________ 
    
     Table 6 shows the default mapping if two accent color toners and black toner are installed in the color marking engine 20. Each column of the table represents the mapping of display colors if only black and the two accent colors indicated at the top of the column are installed. 
     
                                           TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________Accent Colors(Black, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow)DisplayColor R, G&amp;Bk      R, B&amp;Bk            R, Y&amp;Bk                 G, B&amp;Bk                       G, Y&amp;Bk                            B, Y&amp;Bk__________________________________________________________________________Black 100% Bk      100% Bk            100% Bk                 100% Bk                       100% Bk                            100% BkDark  %Bk  %Bk   %Bk  %Bk   %Bk  %BkColorsGray  %Bk  %Bk   %Bk  %Bk   %Bk  %BkRed   100% R      100% R            100% R                 70% G 70% G                            70% GGreen 100% G      41% R 41% R                 100% G                       100% G                            41% BBlue  89% R      100% B            89% R                 100% B                       89% G                            100% BCyan  30% R      50% B 30% R                 50% B 30% G                            50% BMagenta 50% R      50% R 50% R                 59% G 59% G                            59% BYellow 50% G      11% R 100% Y                 50% G 100% Y                            100% Y__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Table 7 shows the default mapping if three accent color toners and black toner are installed in the color marking engine 20. Each column of the table represents the mapping of display colors if only black and the three accent colors indicated at the top of the column are installed. 
     
                       TABLE 7______________________________________Accent Colors (Black, Red, Green, Blue, Yellow)DisplayColor  R, G, B&amp;Bk            R, G, Y&amp;Bk                      R, B, Y&amp;Bk                               G, B, Y&amp;Bk______________________________________Black  100% Bk   100% Bk   100% Bk  100% BkDark   %Bk       %Bk       %Bk      %BkColorsGray   %Bk       %Bk       %Bk      %BkRed    100% R    100% R    100% R   70% GGreen  100% G    100% G    41% R    100% GBlue   100% B              100% B   100% BCyan   50% B     49% R     50% B    50% BMagenta  50% R     50% R     50% R    59% GYellow 50% G     100% Y    100% Y   100% Y______________________________________ 
    
     The invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment. However, it will be appreciated that variations and modifications can be effected by a person of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. 
     
         ______________________________________PARTS LIST______________________________________10               host computer11               monitor12               keyboard14               color printing system15               communication lines16               raster image processor18               ASCII terminal19               keyboard20               color marking engine22               host application24               print driver26               accent color filter28               interpreter34               add prolog data step36               find start of page step38               add header step40               find end of page step42               add page trailer step44               test for last page step46               exit step______________________________________ ##SPC1##