Abstract:
A stocker includes a first sealing member, an atmosphere control member for controlling the internal atmosphere of the first sealing member to a first atmosphere, and a transfer member for transporting an object to be stocked to an exposure apparatus or receiving it from the exposure apparatus without exposing it to the external atmosphere of the first sealing member. At least one object to be stocked is stocked in the first sealing member.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to a stocker for stocking an object to be stocked such as a reticle or wafer in a semiconductor manufacturing process, an exposure apparatus having the stocker, a device manufacturing method, a semiconductor manufacturing factory, and an exposure apparatus maintenance method and, more particularly, to a stocker for an object to be stocked in an exposure apparatus using an F 2  excimer laser as an exposure light source.  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    In recent years, the wavelength of an exposure light source used in an exposure apparatus is becoming much shorter in the manufacture of a semiconductor device. A short wavelength increases the resolution of a projection exposure system concerning exposure, which enables exposure of a finer pattern. An F 2  excimer laser has a wavelength as short as 157 nm, and is being applied to an exposure apparatus. The wavelength of 157 nm falls within a wavelength region generally called a vacuum ultraviolet region. In this wavelength region, light is greatly absorbed by oxygen molecules and hardly passes through outer air. Thus, the F 2  excimer laser can be applied in only an environment where the atmospheric pressure is decreased to almost vacuum and the oxygen concentration is sufficiently decreased. According to a reference “Photochemisty of Small Molecules” (Hideo Okabe, A Wiley-Interscience Publication, 1978, p. 178), the absorption coefficient of oxygen with respect to light having a wavelength of 157 nm is about 190 atm −1  cm −1 . This means that a transmittance T per cm is only T=exp(−190×1 cm×0.01 atm)=0.150 when light having a wavelength of 157 nm passes through gas having an oxygen concentration of 1% at 1 atmospheric pressure.  
           [0003]    Japanese Patent Publication 5-66733 discloses an interface apparatus for an integrated circuit. This apparatus relates to a box for storing integrated circuit wafers and an interface for the wafers in the box. This prior-art invention also discloses exchange of wafers so as to inhibit entrance of a foreign matter such as dust.  
           [0004]    In an exposure apparatus using an F 2  excimer laser, absorption by oxygen at a wavelength of 157 nm is conspicuous. To obtain a satisfactory transmittance, the oxygen concentration must be reduced to 1 ppm or less, and the concentration must be strictly controlled. Members which are frequently loaded/unloaded into/from the exposure apparatus are wafers and reticles (including masks), which are usually stocked in a clean room or the like. The oxygen concentration cannot be satisfactorily reduced even by arranging a mechanism for reducing oxygen in transporting a wafer or reticle to the exposure apparatus. Such a mechanism becomes an oxygen mixing source into the exposure apparatus, and decreases the yield of the exposure apparatus.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    The present invention has been made in consideration of the above situation, and has as its object to stock a reticle or wafer in an atmosphere where the oxygen concentration is reduced to about 5 ppm before the reticle or wafer is transferred to an exposure apparatus.  
           [0006]    It is another object of the present invention to transport a reticle or wafer in an oxygen-concentration-reduced atmosphere to an exposure apparatus without exposing the reticle or wafer to outer air.  
           [0007]    To achieve the above objects, according to the present invention, a stocker for stocking an object to be stocked such as a reticle, mask, or wafer has the following arrangement.  
           [0008]    According to the first arrangement, a stocker comprises a first sealing member, atmosphere control means for controlling an internal atmosphere of the first sealing member to a first atmosphere, and transfer means for transporting an object to be stocked to an exposure apparatus or receiving the object to be stocked from the exposure apparatus without exposing the objects to be stocked to an external atmosphere of the first sealing member, wherein at least one object to be stocked is stocked in the first sealing member.  
           [0009]    According to the second arrangement, a stocker comprises a first sealing member, first atmosphere control means for controlling an internal atmosphere of the first sealing member to a first atmosphere, a second sealing member for storing at least one object to be stocked, second atmosphere control means for controlling an internal atmosphere of the second sealing member to a second atmosphere, and transfer means for transporting the object to be stocked to an exposure apparatus or receiving the object to be stocked from the exposure apparatus while the object to be stocked is stored in the second sealing member without being exposed to an external atmosphere of the first sealing member, wherein at least one second sealing member which stores at least one object to be stocked is stocked in the first sealing member.  
           [0010]    The stocker of the present invention may further comprise a load-lock chamber. In this case, the object to be stocked is transported to the outside of the first sealing member or received from the outside of the first sealing member via the load-lock chamber. At this time, the object to be stocked is preferably transported to the outside of the first sealing member or received from the outside of the first sealing member while stored in the second sealing member.  
           [0011]    The stocker may further comprise atmosphere measurement means such as oxygen analyzers for measuring the internal atmospheres of the first sealing member and/or the second sealing member. In the first arrangement, it is desirable that the first atmosphere have an oxygen concentration of 50 ppm or less. In the second arrangement, it is desirable that the first atmosphere have an oxygen concentration of 50 ppm or less and the second atmosphere have an oxygen concentration of 5 ppm or less. In either case, the first and second atmospheres are usually an inert gas atmosphere, and preferably a nitrogen gas atmosphere, a helium gas atmosphere, or a gas mixture atmosphere of nitrogen gas and helium gas. For this purpose, the atmosphere control means preferably has gas injection means for injecting inert gas or the like, or evacuation means for discharging gas from the stocker.  
           [0012]    The stocker of the present invention is desirably connected to the exposure apparatus via a highly airtight transfer path, and is suitable for an exposure apparatus using an F 2  excimer laser as an exposure light source.  
           [0013]    For example, transfer means for transporting the object to be stocked to manufacturing apparatuses for various processes or receiving the object to be stocked from the manufacturing apparatuses for various processes is desirably arranged in a semiconductor manufacturing line.  
           [0014]    In a reticle or mask stocker, a desired one of stocked reticles or masks is supplied to the exposure apparatus by, e.g., a reticle changer.  
           [0015]    With this arrangement, the object to be stocked can be transported to the exposure apparatus without being exposed to outer air while the oxygen concentration in the stocker is maintained at 50 ppm or less and especially the oxygen concentration around the substrate such as a reticle or wafer is maintained at about 5 ppm. The oxygen concentration can be quickly reduced to 1 ppm or less by loading the object to be stocked into the exposure apparatus via, e.g., the load-lock chamber. The evacuation means is adopted to repeat discharge and gas injection, which can reduce the oxygen concentration to about 5 ppm faster than the case of only gas injection. Particularly in an exposure apparatus using an F 2  excimer laser as a light source, a high-quality semiconductor device can be manufactured while absorption of a laser beam is reduced and the yield is kept high.  
           [0016]    An exposure apparatus of the present invention for transferring a pattern drawn on a reticle or mask to a wafer by exposure comprises a stocker having the above features in order to stock substrates such as reticles, masks, or wafers.  
           [0017]    The exposure apparatus of the present invention further comprises a display, a network interface, and a computer for executing network access software. This enables communicating maintenance information of the exposure apparatus via a computer network. The network software is connected to an external network of a factory where the exposure apparatus is installed, provides on the display a user interface for accessing a maintenance database provided by a vendor or user of the exposure apparatus, and enables obtaining information from the database via the external network.  
           [0018]    A device manufacturing method of the present invention comprises the steps of installing manufacturing apparatuses for various processes including an exposure apparatus in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, and manufacturing a semiconductor device in a plurality of processes by using the manufacturing apparatuses. The device manufacturing method may further comprise the steps of connecting the manufacturing apparatuses by a local area network, and communicating information about at least one of the manufacturing apparatuses between the local area network and an external network of the semiconductor manufacturing factory. It may also be possible that maintenance information of the manufacturing apparatus is acquired by data communication by accessing via the external network a database provided by a vendor or user of the exposure apparatus, or production is managed by data communication via the external network with a semiconductor manufacturing factory other than the semiconductor manufacturing factory.  
           [0019]    A semiconductor manufacturing factory of the present invention comprises manufacturing apparatuses for various processes including the exposure apparatus of the present invention, a local area network for connecting the manufacturing apparatuses, and a gateway for allowing the local area network to access an external network of the factory, wherein information about at least one of the manufacturing apparatuses is communicated.  
           [0020]    A maintenance method for the exposure apparatus of the present invention comprises the steps of causing a vendor or user of the exposure apparatus to provide a maintenance database connected to an external network of the semiconductor manufacturing factory, authenticating access from the semiconductor manufacturing factory to the maintenance database via the external network, and transmitting maintenance information accumulated in the maintenance database to the semiconductor manufacturing factory via the external network.  
           [0021]    Other features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like reference characters designate the same or similar parts throughout the figures thereof. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0022]    [0022]FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a stocker according to the first embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a stocker according to the 12th embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a stocker according to the second embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a stocker according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a stocker according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 6 is a view showing the concept of a semiconductor device production system when viewed from a given angle;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 7 is a view showing the concept of the semiconductor device production system when viewed from another angle;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 8 is a view showing an example of a user interface;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 9 is a flow chart for explaining the flow of a device manufacturing process; and  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 10 is a flow chart for explaining a wafer process. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0032]    Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described.  
         [0033]    [First Embodiment] 
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 1 shows a reticle stocker according to the first embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 1, reference numeral  11  denotes a load-lock chamber;  12 , a reticle stocker;  13 , an oxygen analyzer;  14 , a nitrogen injection port; and  15 , a discharge port. In the first embodiment, nitrogen is injected from the nitrogen injection port at a desired flow rate. The discharge port  15  may be kept open. The flow rate of injected nitrogen is controlled to keep the interior of the reticle stocker  12  at a higher positive pressure than the outside. The flow rate is controlled in accordance with the internal oxygen concentration. When the oxygen concentration after release to outer air is high, nitrogen equal to the volume of the reticle stocker  12  is supplied, and after the oxygen concentration is reduced to about 5 ppm, the flow rate is decreased. It may also be possible to increase the airtightness of all the injection port  14 , discharge port  15 , and reticle stocker  12  and to maintain the inside at a lower pressure than the atmospheric pressure. The oxygen analyzer  13  always monitors the oxygen concentration in the reticle stocker  12 . If the oxygen analyzer  13  detects an oxygen concentration of 5 ppm or more, the nitrogen flow rate is controlled to be increased so as to reduce the concentration again. An exposure apparatus (not shown) comprises the load-lock chamber  11 , and exchanges a reticle or wafer via the load-lock chamber  11  so as to inhibit mixture of oxygen or any impurity into the exposure apparatus. To reduce oxygen in the exposure apparatus to 1 ppm or less by one passage through the load-lock chamber  11 , the oxygen concentration is preferably reduced to 5 ppm or less in the stocker on the preceding stage. Depending on the performance of the load-lock chamber  11 , the oxygen concentration can be reduced to 1 ppm or less by atmosphere replacement before the exposure apparatus even if an oxygen concentration of about 10 ppm is permitted in the stocker.  
         [0035]    As a criterion of reducing the nitrogen flow rate and oxygen concentration, injection of nitrogen at 6 L/min into a reticle stocker having a volume of 30 L decreases the oxygen concentration to about 5 ppm within about 2 h from a state wherein the reticle stocker contains normal outer air. The reticle stocker maintains this oxygen concentration by continuously supplying nitrogen. The oxygen concentration can be reduced within a shorter time by supplying a larger amount of nitrogen.  
         [0036]    The stocking forms of the reticle stocker include stocking only a reticle, a reticle cassette for storing one reticle, and a reticle box for storing a plurality of reticle cassettes. The reticle cassette and box are designed with higher airtightness than that of a conventional reticle cassette and box for shielding a foreign matter such as dust, and will be referred to as a highly airtight reticle cassette and box hereinafter.  
         [0037]    A reticle is loaded into the reticle stocker  12  via the load-lock chamber  11  together with the highly airtight reticle cassette or box or by only itself. The load-lock chamber  11  basically enables loading the reticle into the reticle stocker  12  while preventing an increase in oxygen concentration. In practice, oxygen at ppm level is mixed because it is difficult to remove oxygen left at the reticle itself or the fine structure of the highly airtight reticle cassette or box. For this reason, the oxygen concentration of the reticle stocker  12  increases at ppm level temporarily or gradually after receiving the reticle. However, the residual oxygen diffuses with the lapse of time during stocking and is diluted by the flow of nitrogen, thus reducing the oxygen concentration again.  
         [0038]    The highly airtight reticle cassette or box is opened to replace the internal atmosphere by nitrogen in passing through the load-lock chamber  11 . To remove the residual oxygen by diffusion, the highly airtight reticle cassette or box is also opened in the reticle stocker  12 .  
         [0039]    In the use of a reticle, whether the reticle can be used is determined by confirming the oxygen concentration or whether the reticle has been stocked in the reticle stocker  12  for a predetermined time. A reticle stocked without any cassette or box is stored and tightly sealed in the highly airtight reticle cassette or box in the reticle stocker  12 . A reticle stocked and stored in the highly airtight reticle cassette or box is in an open state and thus is tightly sealed. The tightly sealed reticle is passed through the load-lock chamber  11 , and extracted from the reticle stocker  12  while the interior of the highly airtight reticle cassette or box is maintained in a nitrogen atmosphere where the oxygen concentration is low. The highly airtight reticle cassette or box is loaded via the load-lock chamber  11  of the exposure apparatus. As a result, the reticle can be used while the atmosphere around the reticle is kept at a low oxygen concentration, and the efficiency and yield of the exposure apparatus can be increased.  
         [0040]    [Second Embodiment] 
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 3 shows a reticle stocker according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In FIG. 3, reference numeral  31  denotes a load-lock chamber;  32 , a reticle stocker;  33 , an oxygen analyzer;  34 , a nitrogen injection port;  35 , an evacuation system;  36 , a discharge port; and  37  and  38 , on-off valves respectively on the injection and discharge sides. In the second embodiment, the reticle stocker  32  has high airtightness corresponding to vacuum. The oxygen analyzer  33  always monitors the oxygen concentration in the reticle stocker  32 . The on-off valve  38  is opened, the interior of the reticle stocker  32  is evacuated, and when the vacuum degree or oxygen concentration reaches a desired value, the on-off valve  38  is closed. After that, the on-off valve  37  is opened to inject nitrogen, and the internal atmosphere is replaced by returning to the atmospheric pressure or a desired pressure. This operation is repeated to rapidly reduce the oxygen concentration in the reticle stocker  32  and maintain the oxygen concentration at 5 ppm or less. After the oxygen concentration reaches a desired value, the reticle stocker  32  is maintained at this oxygen concentration by continuously supplying nitrogen. If the oxygen concentration exceeds a predetermined level owing to any reason such as loading of a reticle, the oxygen concentration is reduced to a desired level again by atmosphere replacement including evacuation and nitrogen injection.  
         [0042]    A reticle is loaded into the reticle stocker  32  via the load-lock chamber  31  together with the highly airtight reticle cassette or box or by only itself. The load-lock chamber  31  basically enables loading the reticle into the reticle stocker  32  while preventing an increase in oxygen concentration. In practice, oxygen at ppm level is mixed because it is difficult to remove oxygen left at the reticle itself or the fine structure of the highly airtight reticle cassette or box. The oxygen concentration of the reticle stocker  32  increases at ppm level temporarily or gradually after receiving the reticle. If, however, the oxygen concentration is at an allowable concentration or less, the residual oxygen diffuses with the lapse of time during stocking and is diluted by the flow of nitrogen, thereby reducing the oxygen concentration again. In this case, no atmosphere replacement is done.  
         [0043]    The highly airtight reticle cassette or box is opened to replace the internal atmosphere by nitrogen in passing through the load-lock chamber  31 . To remove the residual oxygen by diffusion, the highly airtight reticle cassette or box is also opened in the reticle stocker  32 .  
         [0044]    In the use of a reticle, whether the reticle can be used is determined by confirming the oxygen concentration. A singly stocked reticle is stored and tightly sealed in the highly airtight reticle cassette or box in the reticle stocker  12 . A reticle stocked and stored in the highly airtight reticle cassette or box is in an open state and thus is tightly sealed. The tightly sealed reticle is passed through the load-lock chamber  31 , and extracted from the reticle stocker  32  while the interior of the highly airtight reticle cassette or box is maintained in a nitrogen atmosphere where the oxygen concentration is low. The highly airtight reticle cassette or box is loaded via the load-lock chamber  31  of the exposure apparatus. Accordingly, the reticle can be used while the atmosphere around the reticle is kept at a low oxygen concentration, and the efficiency and yield of the exposure apparatus can be increased.  
         [0045]    [Third Embodiment] 
         [0046]    In the third embodiment of the present invention, the reticle stocker  12  of the first embodiment incorporates a reticle changer. The reticle changer can extract a desired reticle in a highly airtight reticle box and can exchange it with a reticle newly entered via the load-lock chamber  11 .  
         [0047]    [Fourth Embodiment] 
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 4 shows a reticle stocker according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the fourth embodiment, the oxygen concentration of the reticle stocker itself is set to a high allowable value of 50 ppm or less, and the atmospheres of separate highly airtight reticle boxes stocked in the reticle stocker are replaced to manage their oxygen concentrations to 5 ppm or less. Reference numeral  41  denotes a load-lock chamber;  42 , a reticle stocker;  43 , an oxygen analyzer;  44  and  49 , nitrogen injection ports;  45 , an evacuation system;  46  and  410 , discharge ports; and  47  and  48 , on-off valves respectively on the injection and discharge sides. FIG. 4 shows the internal structure by solid lines wherein two highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412  are respectively connected to two docks. The respective docks have gas pipes connected to their own nitrogen injection ports and evacuation systems. Nitrogen injection pipes have injection-side on-off valves  413   a  and  413   b , whereas discharge pipes have discharge-side on-off valves  414   a  and  414   b.    
         [0049]    The oxygen analyzer  43  measures the oxygen concentration of the main body of the reticle stocker  42 . In addition, the oxygen analyzer  43  periodically extracts the internal atmospheres of the highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412  connected to their docks and measures the concentrations. On-off valves  415   a  and  415   b  are opened in extracting the internal atmospheres of the highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412 .  
         [0050]    The atmosphere of the main body of the reticle stocker  42  is managed similarly to the first embodiment. Nitrogen is injected from the injection port  49 , the discharge port  410  is opened to always generate the flow of nitrogen, and the internal oxygen concentration is kept constant.  
         [0051]    Atmosphere replacement of the separate highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412  is the same as atmosphere replacement of the reticle stocker in the third embodiment. The on-off valves  414   a ,  414   b , and  48  are opened, the interiors of the highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412  are evacuated, and when the vacuum degree or oxygen concentration reaches a desired value, the on-off valves  414   a ,  414   b , and  48  are closed. Then, the on-off valves  413   a ,  413   b , and  47  are opened to inject nitrogen, and the internal atmosphere is replaced by returning to the atmospheric pressure or a desired pressure. This operation is repeated to rapidly reduce the oxygen concentration in the highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412 . After the oxygen concentration reaches a desired value, the interiors of the highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412  are maintained at almost the constant low-level oxygen concentration by continuously supplying nitrogen. If the oxygen concentration exceeds a predetermined level owing to any reason such as diffusion of residual oxygen in the highly airtight reticle boxes  411  and  412 , the oxygen concentration is reduced to a desired level again by atmosphere replacement including evacuation and nitrogen injection.  
         [0052]    A reticle is loaded into the reticle stocker via the load-lock chamber  41  while stored in the highly airtight reticle box. The load-lock chamber  41  basically enables loading the highly airtight reticle box into the reticle stocker while preventing an increase in oxygen concentration. In practice, oxygen at ppm level is mixed because it is difficult to remove oxygen left at the fine structure of the highly airtight reticle box. The reticle stocker  42  reduces oxygen by diffusion and the flow of nitrogen. The highly airtight reticle box is mounted in the dock inside the reticle stocker and connected to pipes for injection, discharge, and measurement of the oxygen concentration. After connection, the internal oxygen concentration is reduced by performing atmosphere replacement a plurality of number of times.  
         [0053]    In the use of a reticle, whether the reticle can be used is determined by confirming the oxygen concentration. The highly airtight reticle box is tightly sealed in dismounting from the dock. The tightly-sealed highly airtight reticle box is passed through the load-lock chamber  41 , and extracted from the reticle stocker  42  while the interior of the highly airtight reticle box is maintained in a nitrogen atmosphere where the oxygen concentration is low. The highly airtight reticle box is loaded via the load-lock chamber of the exposure apparatus. The reticle can be used while the atmosphere around the reticle is kept at a low oxygen concentration, and the efficiency and yield of the exposure apparatus can be increased.  
         [0054]    [Fifth Embodiment] 
         [0055]    In the fifth embodiment of the present invention, a highly airtight reticle cassette for storing one reticle is used instead of the highly airtight reticle box in the fourth embodiment, and connected to a pipe.  
         [0056]    [Sixth Embodiment] 
         [0057]    The sixth embodiment of the present invention uses helium in place of nitrogen in the above embodiments. Alternatively, a gas mixture of nitrogen and helium may be used.  
         [0058]    [Seventh Embodiment] 
         [0059]    The seventh embodiment of the present invention uses inert gas in place of nitrogen in the above embodiments. A general example of inert gas is argon gas, but the inert gas is not limited to this as far as the gas is inert to a process.  
         [0060]    [Eighth Embodiment] 
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 5 shows the eighth embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a reticle stocker is connected to an exposure apparatus using an F 2  excimer laser as an exposure light source via a highly airtight transfer system path shielded from outer air. After the oxygen concentration is reduced in the stocker, a reticle is transferred to the exposure apparatus without being exposed to outer air.  
         [0062]    [Ninth Embodiment] 
         [0063]    In the ninth embodiment of the present invention, a wafer is stocked instead of the reticle in the first embodiment.  
         [0064]    [10th Embodiment] 
         [0065]    In the 10th embodiment of the present invention, a wafer is stocked instead of the reticle in the third embodiment.  
         [0066]    [11th Embodiment] 
         [0067]    In the 11th embodiment of the present invention, a wafer is stocked instead of the reticle in the sixth embodiment.  
         [0068]    [12th Embodiment] 
         [0069]    [0069]FIG. 2 shows the 12th embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, a wafer stocker is arranged on a semiconductor manufacturing line. The wafer stocker is connected to an exposure apparatus using an F 2  excimer laser as an exposure light source via a highly airtight transfer system path shielded from outer air. After the oxygen concentration is reduced in the stocker, a wafer is transferred to the exposure apparatus without being exposed to outer air.  
         [0070]    [Embodiment of Semiconductor Production System] 
         [0071]    A production system for a semiconductor device (semiconductor chip such as an IC or LSI, liquid crystal panel, CCD, thin-film magnetic head, micromachine, or the like) will be exemplified. A trouble remedy or periodic maintenance of a manufacturing apparatus installed in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, or maintenance service such as software distribution is performed by using a computer network outside the manufacturing factory.  
         [0072]    [0072]FIG. 6 shows the overall system cut out at a given angle. In FIG. 6, reference numeral  101  denotes a business office of a vendor (apparatus supply manufacturer) which provides a semiconductor device manufacturing apparatus. Assumed examples of the manufacturing apparatus are semiconductor manufacturing apparatuses for various processes used in a semiconductor manufacturing factory, such as pre-process apparatuses (lithography apparatus including an exposure apparatus, resist processing apparatus, and etching apparatus, annealing apparatus, film formation apparatus, planarization apparatus, and the like) and post-process apparatuses (assembly apparatus, inspection apparatus, and the like). The business office  101  comprises a host management system  108  for providing a maintenance database for the manufacturing apparatus, a plurality of operation terminal computers  110 , and a LAN (Local Area Network)  109  which connects the host management system  108  and computers  110  to construct an intranet. The host management system  108  has a gateway for connecting the LAN  109  to Internet  105  as an external network of the business office, and a security function for limiting external accesses.  
         [0073]    Reference numerals  102  to  104  denote manufacturing factories of the semiconductor manufacturer as users of manufacturing apparatuses. The manufacturing factories  102  to  104  may belong to different manufacturers or the same manufacturer (pre-process factory, post-process factory, and the like). Each of the factories  102  to  104  is equipped with a plurality of manufacturing apparatuses  106 , a LAN (Local Area Network)  111  which connects these apparatuses  106  to construct an intranet, and a host management system  107  serving as a monitoring apparatus for monitoring the operation status of each manufacturing apparatus  106 . The host management system  107  in each of the factories  102  to  104  has a gateway for connecting the LAN  111  in the factory to the Internet  105  as an external network of the factory. Each factory can access the host management system  108  of the vendor  101  from the LAN  111  via the Internet  105 . The security function of the host management system  108  authorizes access of only a limited user. In this system, the factory notifies the vender via the Internet  105  of status information (e.g., the symptom of a manufacturing apparatus in trouble) representing the operation status of each manufacturing apparatus  106 . The vendor can transmit, to the factory, response information (e.g., information designating a remedy against the trouble, or remedy software or data) corresponding to the notification, or maintenance information such as the latest software or help information. Data communication between the factories  102  to  104  and the vender  101  and data communication via the LAN  111  in each factory typically adopt a communication protocol (TCP/IP) generally used in the Internet. Instead of using the Internet as an external network of the factory, a dedicated-line network (e.g., ISDN) having high security which inhibits access of a third party can be adopted. It may also be possible that the user constructs a database in addition to one provided by the vendor and sets the database on an external network and that the host management system authorizes access to the database from a plurality of user factories.  
         [0074]    [0074]FIG. 7 is a view showing the concept of the overall system of this embodiment that is cut out from a different aspect from FIG. 6. In the above example, a plurality of user factories having manufacturing apparatuses and the management system of the manufacturing apparatus vendor are connected via an external network, and production management of each factory or information of at least one manufacturing apparatus is communicated via the external network. In the example of FIG. 7, a factory having manufacturing apparatuses of a plurality of vendors, and the management systems of the vendors for these manufacturing apparatuses are connected via the external network of the factory, and maintenance information of each manufacturing apparatus is communicated. In FIG. 7, reference numeral  201  denotes a manufacturing factory of a manufacturing apparatus user (semiconductor device manufacturer) where manufacturing apparatuses for various processes, e.g., an exposure apparatus  202 , resist processing apparatus  203 , and film formation apparatus  204  are installed in the manufacturing line of the factory. FIG. 7 shows only one manufacturing factory  201 , but a plurality of factories are networked in practice. The respective apparatuses in the factory are connected to a LAN  206  to construct an intranet, and a host management system  205  manages the operation of the manufacturing line. The business offices of vendors (apparatus supply manufacturers) such as an exposure apparatus manufacturer  210 , resist processing apparatus manufacturer  220 , and film formation apparatus manufacturer  230  comprise host management systems  211 ,  221 , and  231  for executing remote maintenance for the supplied apparatuses. Each host management system has a maintenance database and a gateway for an external network, as described above. The host management system  205  for managing the apparatuses in the manufacturing factory of the user, and the management systems  211 ,  221 , and  231  of the vendors for the respective apparatuses are connected via the Internet or dedicated-line network serving as an external network  200 . If a trouble occurs in any one of a series of manufacturing apparatuses along the manufacturing line in this system, the operation of the manufacturing line stops. This trouble can be quickly solved by remote maintenance from the vendor of the apparatus in trouble via the Internet  200 . This can minimize the stop of the manufacturing line.  
         [0075]    Each manufacturing apparatus in the semiconductor manufacturing factory comprises a display, a network interface, and a computer for executing network access software and apparatus operating software which are stored in a storage device. The storage device is a built-in memory, hard disk, or network file server. The network access software includes a dedicated or general-purpose web browser, and provides a user interface having a window as shown in FIG. 8 on the display. While referring to this window, the operator who manages manufacturing apparatuses in each factory inputs, in input items on the windows, pieces of information such as the type of manufacturing apparatus ( 401 ), serial number ( 402 ), subject of trouble ( 403 ), occurrence date ( 404 ), degree of urgency ( 405 ), symptom ( 406 ), remedy ( 407 ), and progress ( 408 ). The pieces of input information are transmitted to the maintenance database via the Internet, and appropriate maintenance information is sent back from the maintenance database and displayed on the display. The user interface provided by the web browser realizes hyperlink functions ( 416  to  418 ), as shown in FIG. 8. This allows the operator to access detailed information of each item, receive the latest-version software to be used for a manufacturing apparatus from a software library provided by a vendor, and receive an operation guide (help information) as a reference for the operator in the factory.  
         [0076]    A semiconductor device manufacturing process using the above-described production system will be explained. FIG. 9 shows the flow of the whole manufacturing process of the semiconductor device. In step  1  (circuit design), a semiconductor device circuit is designed. In step  2  (mask formation), a mask having a designed circuit pattern is formed. In step  3  (wafer manufacture), a wafer is manufactured using a material such as silicon. In step  4  (wafer process) called a pre-process, an actual circuit is formed on the wafer by lithography using a prepared mask and the wafer. Step  5  (assembly) called a post-process is the step of forming a semiconductor chip by using the wafer manufactured in step  4 , and includes an assembly process (dicing and bonding) and packaging process (chip encapsulation). In step  6  (inspection), inspections such as the operation confirmation test and durability test of the semiconductor device manufactured in step  5  are conducted. After these steps, the semiconductor device is completed and shipped (step  7 ). The pre-process and post-process are performed in separate dedicated factories, and maintenance is done for each of the factories by the above-described remote maintenance system. Information for production management and apparatus maintenance is communicated between the pre-process factory and the post-process factory via the Internet or dedicated-line network.  
         [0077]    [0077]FIG. 10 shows the detailed flow of the wafer process. In step  11  (oxidation), the wafer surface is oxidized. In step  12  (CVD), an insulating film is formed on the wafer surface. In step  13  (electrode formation), an electrode is formed on the wafer by vapor deposition. In step  14  (ion implantation), ions are implanted in the wafer. In step  15  (resist processing), a photosensitive agent is applied to the wafer. In step  16  (exposure), the above-mentioned exposure apparatus bakes and exposes the circuit pattern of a mask on the wafer. In step  17  (developing), the exposed wafer is developed. In step  18  (etching), the resist is etched except for the developed resist image. In step  19  (resist removal), an unnecessary resist after etching is removed. These steps are repeated to form multiple circuit patterns on the wafer. A manufacturing apparatus used in each step undergoes maintenance by the remote maintenance system, which prevents a trouble in advance. Even if a trouble occurs, the manufacturing apparatus can be quickly recovered. The productivity of the semiconductor device can be increased in comparison with the prior art.  
         [0078]    As has been described above, according to the present invention, the oxygen concentration or moisture concentration in a stocker can be quickly reduced, and a reticle, wafer, or the like can be transported to an exposure apparatus after the concentration is satisfactorily reduced. The oxygen concentration or moisture concentration around the reticle or wafer in exposure can be rapidly reduced to 1 ppm or less and easily managed. This can increase the efficiency and yield of the exposure apparatus using an F 2  excimer laser as a light source.  
         [0079]    As many apparently widely different embodiments of the present invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments thereof except as defined in the appended claims.