Abstract:
The invention comprises an outer sphere, an inner sphere located within and movable relative to the outer sphere, a shaft attached to the inner sphere, jet impulse devices operatively connected to the equator of the inner sphere, and springs located to transmit the impulses via the shaft to the outer sphere. Both spheres are partially filled with liquid, and partially filled with compressed air.

Description:
This application is a continuation-in-part of pending U.S. application Ser. No. 13/449,697, filed Apr. 18, 2012. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to a novel and unique apparatus for transferring potential energy into kinetic energy to do work, for recycling kinetic energy back to potential energy, and more particularly to improvements in the apparatus to transfer work to its surroundings more efficiently with a substantial reduction of fuel consumption and air pollution. 
     This apparatus is a continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 13/449,697 incorporated herein by reference. 
     There is need for improvements in energy and work transfer apparatus embodying liquid jets, which provide jet impulses for rotary or linear motion, useful for converting torque and linear force into work. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a major object of the invention to provide apparatus as referred to, such apparatus basically comprising: 
     a) an outer sphere, 
     b) an inner sphere located within and movable relative to the outer sphere, 
     c) the inner sphere comprising: 
     an input aperture in a southern pole defined by the inner sphere; 
     a plurality of impulse generating means arranged on the outer surface of the inner sphere, and generating impulses; 
     a liquid flow path arranged to conduct liquid from said input aperture to the jet impulse means, and into space formed between the inner and outer spheres. 
     c) a shaft attached to the inner sphere, 
     d) and springs located to transmit said impulses via the shaft to the outer sphere. 
     It is a further object of the invention to locate the impulse generating means to transmit impulses about an axis of the referenced shaft. 
     It is another object of the invention to locate the impulse generating means to transmit impulses lengthwise of the shaft axis. 
     Yet another object is to locate the springs to cushion force transmission between the inner and outer spheres, at a zone between the inner and outer spheres. 
     An additional object is to locate the liquid jet impulse producers in that zone contained between the inner and outer spheres, for re-use of jet liquid and energy production and transfer. 
     These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully understood from the following specification and drawings, in which: 
    
    
     
       DRAWING DESCRIPTION 
         FIG. 1  is a section taken through dual sphere apparatus; 
         FIG. 1A  is an exploded view of a top portion of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 2  is an external elevation view of the  FIG. 1  apparatus, with springs vertically oriented; 
         FIG. 3  is an internal view like  FIG. 4 , showing a horizontal arrangement of springs; 
         FIG. 4  is an external elevation view of the  FIG. 3  apparatus; 
         FIG. 5  is a plan view of the spring arrangement of  FIGS. 3 and 4 ; and 
         FIGS. 6 and 7  show liquid impulse jets provided for use with the  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 3  devices. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the horizontal rotary embodiment, an inner sphere  27  is shown as concentric with an outer sphere  1  and is rotating, since the flange  109   a  of member  109   b  ( FIG. 3 ), which is attached to the inner sphere  27  through the member  43  ( FIG. 3 ), rotates on top of thrust bearing  125  ( FIG. 3 ), which in turn rests on member  115  physically attached to sphere  1  by bolts  117  ( FIG. 3 ). The outer sphere  1  is made to rotate in unison with the inner sphere by the external force of the small motor. Furthermore, the outer sphere  1  rotates in unison with the inner sphere  27 , since it receives a series of external horizontal impulses by double conic springs, or double Belleville springs (not shown), two of which  107 A and  107 D ( FIG. 5 ) are endwise physically attached to the shaft  109  ( FIG. 3 ) and ( FIG. 4 ) and the inner sphere through the zig-zag arm  105  ( FIG. 5 ) and the other two  107 B and  107 C ( FIG. 5 ) are endwise physically attached to the plates  113  ( FIG. 5 ), which are, in turn, attached to the outer sphere  1 . The double springs are designed to impart a series of external horizontal forceful impulses to the outer sphere, via the plates  113  ( FIG. 5 ), attached to the outer sphere. 
     Accordingly, in the horizontal embodiment of the invention, work will be transferred to its surroundings by means of the “rotating shaft”  111  ( FIG. 3 ). 
     In the vertical embodiment of the invention, work will be transferred to its surrounding by “movement of the boundary”, to result in a reduction of weight. 
     The outer sphere in effect provides a “closed energy system” in relation to its surroundings. 
     The outer sphere does not share matter with its surroundings, but it is in effect an open momentum system inasmuch as it receives a series of external impulses via the double conic springs  108 A and  108 B ( FIG. 1 ) not physically bolted to the outer sphere, or the inner sphere, but free to slide up and down the shaft of the inner sphere, which effectively pushes the system lengthwise or upwards, tending to reduce the weight of the system, momentum not being conserved. Also, the outer sphere is an open momentum system because it receives external sources of energy from the motor spinning the whole system, gravitational energy pulling down the working liquid into the bottom of the inner sphere, and electrical energy through the air shaft to heat the compressed air in the northern hemisphere of the inner sphere. 
     In the vertical embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the inner sphere and the outer sphere rotate in unison, since they are locked together by a pin  110  that holds together the female member  109 A (connected to outer sphere  1 ) and male member  109 B (connected to inner sphere  27 ), the external force of the small motor attached to the shaft  111  ( FIG. 5 ) imparting rotational force to the system. However, the inner sphere is free to slide up and down within and relative to the outer sphere, since the pin  110  physically attached to the male member  109 B can move up and down the slot  111 A of female member  109 A ( FIG. 1 ). The double conic springs  108 A and  108 B ( FIG. 2 ), and ( FIG. 1 ) which are free to slide up and down the shaft  111 , are attached neither to the shaft nor to the outer sphere, and impart a series of external vertical impulses to the outer sphere. And in this connection, the armature plays an integral role because it combines “rectilinear motion”, and “rotational motion” with “circular motion”, thus creating a double spiral (the rectilinear and rotational already create a spiral) upward effect on structure in the system, tending to reduce the system weight however small the displacement may be. 
     On each arm  97  ( FIG. 6 ), there are bolted two jet impulse devices  37  on each end. Arm  97  is bolted at the center (the fulcrum) to the flange  33  of the inner sphere. In operation, the force of each jet impulse device  37  is effectively multiplied by its respective distance to the fulcrum, i.e. the center of the arm  97 . In a typical embodiment, at least 16 jet impulse devices may be attached on four arms  97 . On each arm  97  there are effectively four associated jet impulse devices. Accordingly, the force provided by each jet impulse device  37  is multiplied by its distance to the fulcrum sixteen (16) times. 
     Since arm  97  is bolted onto the flange  33  of the inner sphere  27  (see  FIG. 2 ) the total force at the center of each arm  97  is effectively multiplied by the radius of the inner sphere, because the center of the inner sphere is the virtual fulcrum of the two sets of jet impulse devices bolted at the end of each virtual diameter, and applies force to the shaft which is attached to it. By means of the conic springs a series of external impulses is applied to the outer sphere. Therefore, a multiplication of forces is inherent to the design of the system, just as it is inherent to the Kinetic Energy equation: K=½ mv 2  that the energy of the reaction mass ejecting out of the bell-shaped nozzles is quadrupled, each time its velocity is doubled. And, there are a total of eight (8) radii in four (4) diameters, which means that the two combined forces at the fulcrum of each Arm  97  must be multiplied eight (8) times. So, there are sixteen (16) plus eight (8), which makes a total of twenty-four (24) multiplications of force integral to the design and function of the inner sphere. 
     This multiplication of forces imparts a series of upward impulses to the inner sphere, which is transmitted to the outer sphere by means of the conic springs. The use of double conic springs allows the series of impulses to be imparted to the outer sphere with a doubling of action and reaction. 
     In summary the inner sphere is not physically bolted to the outer sphere, and is therefore free to move. The jet impulse devices impart a series of impulses to the inner sphere either horizontally or vertically, as required. The shaft is physically bolted to the inner sphere, which will have, just like the inner sphere itself, both rotational and translational motion. For the horizontal embodiment the inner sphere will receive a series of impulses by the reaction mass (the liquid) ejecting out of the bell-shaped nozzles of the jet impulse device mounted at 90 degree angles, producing torque. The shaft extends out of the inner sphere. Physically attached to the shaft are the conic springs. On the outer sphere, at the bottom, there are two plates physically attached to the outer sphere. Physically attached to these plates there are two conic springs. The springs attached to the shaft are made to impart a series of impulses to the springs attached to the outer sphere, thus externalizing the inner forces. 
       FIGS. 6 and 7  show fluid jet impulse producers attached to the inner spheres seen in  FIGS. 1 and 3 , respectively, to produce impulses acting vertically and horizontally to displace the spheres. 
     There are four sources of energy in the system: two internal and two external. The two internal sources of energy are: compressed air (4,000 to 5,000 psi) and Centrifugal Force. The two external sources of energy are: gravitational energy and the output of the small engine attached to the bottom shaft  111  of the inner sphere  27  to rotate the whole system counterclockwise as seen from above. There is an additional external source of energy employed by providing a small electrical heating element  300  into the inner sphere with its electrical cord extending through the shaft  124  ( FIG. 1 ) and by brush contact to a battery (not shown) for the purpose of heating the compressed air in the inner sphere to further increase its pressure in relation to the air pressure in the outer sphere. This extra increase in pressure in the inner sphere as by an external source of energy is preferably monitored, so as not to interfere with the centrifugal force that causes the working liquid to be spilled out of the spiraling hoses  59 , which is then pulled down by gravitational force into the southern hemisphere of the inner sphere to complete the cycle. Also, most importantly, the elongated conduits  58  and the inner sphere should be properly insulated (not shown) to make sure that the heat introduced by the electrical element is not transmitted to the outer sphere. 
     Also shown in  FIG. 6  are:
           29  northern hemisphere     31  southern hemisphere     33  flange where hemisphere meet     35  bolts connecting the hemisphere     29  north pole of inner sphere  27       108 A  108 B compression springs     45  couplers     37  jet impulse devices     33  flange     27  inner sphere     99  conduits     93  nozzles ejecting fluid downwardly     97  arm     3 - 5  hemispheres of outer sphere       

     Also shown in  FIG. 7  are:
           37  jet impulse nozzles arranged circularly about axis for rotating inner sphere  27 ,  29  and  31  about the axis by ejecting liquid generally transversely     45  couplers     99  conduits     105  arm     107  springs operatively connected to arm  105       5  hemisphere of outer sphere.       

     As disclosed in patent Ser. No. 13/449,697, a plurality of elongated conduits  58  can be coupled at one end to the plurality of upper nozzles  59 . Liquid passing through the elongated conduits  58  can pass through the upper nozzles  59 , through internal conduits, and into the plurality of liquid couplers  45  arranged on the outer surface of the cylindrical portion  43 . By this flow path, liquid can pass from within the inner sphere  27  to the outer sphere. 
     As described previously, liquid passes through a plurality of upper nozzles  59 , through the inner conduits of the cylindrical portion  43 , out to the liquid couplers  45 , and finally to the jet impulse devices  37  where the liquid is ejected outwards into the space between the inner sphere and outer spheres. This configuration allows the working liquid to be transferred from the lower or southern hemisphere  31 , up through the upper or northern hemisphere  29  of the inner sphere  27  to the jet impulse devices  37  and into the space between the inner sphere and outer sphere. The bell-shaped nozzles cause liquid to be reversed, deflected, and dispersed, once emitted out the open bottom sides of the bell-shaped nozzle. Each bell-shaped nozzle has a skirt  95  at the bottom. This skirt ensures the proper function of the nozzle and the jet impulse device itself. The ejected liquid flows in a pulsating manner because each bell-shaped nozzle is coupled with a pulsating valve  70 .