Abstract:
The invention described herein represents a significant improvement for the concealment of objects and people. Thousands of light receiving surfaces (such as CCD arrays) and sending surfaces (such as LEDs) are affixed to the surface of the object to be concealed. Each receiving surface receives colored light from the background of the object. Each receiving surface is positioned such that the trajectory of the light striking it is known. Information describing the color and intensity of the light striking each receiving surface is collected and sent to a corresponding sending surface. Said sending surface&#39;s position corresponding to the known trajectory of the said light striking the receiving surface. Light of the same color and intensity which was received on one side of the object is then sent on the same trajectory out a second side of the object. This process is repeated many times such that an observer looking at the object from any perspective actually sees the background of the object corresponding to the observer&#39;s perspective. The object having been rendered “invisible” to the observer

Description:
BACKGROUND FIELD OF INVENTION  
         [0001]    The concept of rendering objects invisible has long been contemplated in science fiction. Works such as Star Trek and The Invisible Man include means to render objects or people invisible. The actual achievement of making objects disappear however has heretofore been limited to fooling the human eye with “magic” tricks and camouflage. The latter often involves coloring the surface of an object such as a military vehicle with colors and patterns which make it blend in with its surrounding.  
           [0002]    The process of collecting pictorial information in the form of two dimensional pixels and replaying it on monitors has been brought to a very fine art over the past one hundred years. More recently, three dimensional pictorial “bubbles” have been created using optics and computer software to enable users to “virtually travel” from within a virtual bubble. The user interface for these virtual bubble are nearly always presented on a two dims ional screen, with the user navigating to different views on the screen. When presented in a here dimensional user interface, the user is on the inside of these bubbles.  
           [0003]    The present invention creates a three dimensional virtual image bubble on the surface of an actual three dimensional object. By contrast, observers are on the outside of this three dimensional bubble. This three dimensional bubble renders the object invisible to observers who can only “see through the object” and observer the object&#39;s background. The present invention can make military and police vehicles and operatives invisible against their background from any viewing perspective.  
         BACKGROUND-DESCRIPTION OF PRIOR INVENTION  
         [0004]    The concept of rendering objects invisible has long been contemplated in science fiction. Works such as Star Trek and The Invisible Man include means to render objects or people invisible. The actual achievement of making objects disappear however has heretofore been limited to fooling the human eye with “magic” tricks and camouflage. The latter often involves coloring the surface of an object such as a military vehicle with colors and patterns which make it blend in with its surrounding.  
           [0005]    The process of collecting pictorial information in the form of two dimensional pixels and replaying it on monitors has been brought to a very fine art over the past one hundred years. More recently, three dimensional pictorial “bubbles” have been created using optics and computer software to enable users to “virtually travel” from within a virtual bubble. The user interface for these virtual bubble are nearly always presented on a two dimensional screen, with the user navigating to different views on the screen. When presented in a three dimensional user interface, the user is on the inside of the bubble.  
           [0006]    The present invention creates a three dimensional virtual image bubble on the surface of an actual three dimensional object. By contrast, observers are on the outside of this three dimensional bubble. This three dimensional bubble renders the object within the bubble invisible to observers who can only “see through the object” and observe the object&#39;s background. The present invention can make military and police vehicles and operatives invisible against their background from any viewing perspective.  
         SUMMARY  
         [0007]    The invention described herein represents a significant improvement for the concealment of objects and people. Thousands of light receiving surfaces (such as CCD arrays) and sending surfaces (such as LEDs) are affixed to the surface of the object to be concealed. Each receiving surface receives colored light from the background of the object. Each receiving surface is positioned such that the trajectory of the light striking it is known. Information describing the color and intensity of the light striking each receiving surface is collected and sent to a corresponding sending surface. Said sending surface&#39;s position corresponding to the known trajectory of the said light striking the receiving surface. Light of the same color and intensity which was received on one side of the object is then sent on the same trajectory out a second side of the object. This process is repeated many times such that an observer looking at the object from any perspective actually sees the background of the object corresponding to the observer&#39;s perspective. The object having been rendered “invisible” to the observer.  
           [0008]    Objects and Advantages  
           [0009]    Accordingly, several objects and advantages of my invention are apparent. It is an object of the present invention to create a three dimensional virtual image bubble surrounding objects and people. Observers looking at this three dimensional bubble from any viewing perspective are only able to see the background of the object within the bubble. This enables military vehicles and operatives to be more difficult to detect and may save lives in many instances. Likewise, police operatives operating within a bubble can be made difficult to detect by criminal suspects. The apparatus is designed to be rugged, reliable, and light weight. 
       
    
    
     DRAWING FIGURES  
       [0010]    [0010]FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of three dimensional objects.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of three dimensional objects when the object in the foreground is transparent.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 3 is a second view of the objects of FIG. 1.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 4 are the same objects where that in the foreground is transparent.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 5 illustrates an array of receiving and sending surfaces on two sides of an object.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 6 illustrates a single collecting and receiving cell with  7  surfaces.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 7 is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 8 is a CCD receiver and LED sender flowchart.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 9 illustrates how the seven surfaces of one cell correspond to seven surfaces located in seven different cells.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 10 is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart in a first state.  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 10 a  is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart in a second state.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 11 are the seven receiving surfaces corresponding to the seven sending surfaces of one cell.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 12 demonstrates how grid coordinates can be used to calculate how sending and receiving surfaces should map to on another.  
     
    
     DESCRIPTION  
       [0023]    [0023]FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of three dimensional objects. From this perspective view, a block  15  in the foreground can easily be detected against the cylinder  16  in the back ground.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of three dimensional objects when the object in the foreground is transparent. The transparent block  19  enables light from the background including the cylinder  16  to be transmitted through it.  
         [0025]    [0025]FIG. 3 is a second view of the objects of FIG. 1. The same objects from FIG. 1 are here observed from a different perspective. The cylinder  16  is unobstructed but now the pyramid  17  is obstructed by the block  15 .  
         [0026]    [0026]FIG. 4 are the same objects where that in the foreground is transparent. The transparent block  19  enables the observer to see the back ground which in this case is the pyramid  17 . The point of these simple three dimensional views is to illustrate that the problem of rendering a non-transparent object invisible is a very difficult one. One image of the background will not be adequate because the back ground is totally dependent upon the observers position. The following diagrams and ensuing description illustrate how the background of the object from many perspectives can be simulated simultaneously.  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 5 illustrates an array of receiving and sending surfaces on two sides of an object. A first side of the object  24  has an array of hexagonal sending and receiving cells affixed to it. A second side of the object  23  has an array of receiving and sending cells affixed to it. Light from a background object  30  is incident upon many cell surfaces on the first side of the object. First incident ray  31  is some such light from  30 . It is incident upon the bottom surface of a cell. The cell surface (not shown) consists of a photoelectric material (such as an LED array or a CCD array). Information about this light is collected electronically and sent to the corresponding sending surface on the opposite side of the object which emits a first corresponding light ray  32  closely resembling the color and intensity of the first incident ray  31  light. The sending surface (not shown) consists of a photo emitting material (such as a multichromatic LED array). Similarly a second incident ray  29  is light from back ground object  30 . Its trajectory is different from that of  31  and it is therefore incident upon a totally different surface. The surface that  29  is incident upon corresponds to a surface on the opposite side of the object—such that when the second corresponding ray  28  is emitted, its trajectory is the same as that of  29 . The color and intensity of  28  are likewise engineered to resemble that of  29 . In actuality, many additional surfaces would concurrently be receiving light from  30  and the process of collecting and reproducing that light is likewise repeated many times by many incident surfaces and corresponding surfaces. This is because an observer may be at any observing angle. Background object  30  will need to be viewable at all of these angles. Note that one observer at  32  can “see”  30  and also an observer at  28  can “see”  30 . Similarly, a second background object  26  emits rays that are incident upon many receiving surfaces, a third ray  27  being one such ray. The surface that receives  27  collects color and intensity information and sends it to its corresponding surfaces which emits a third corresponding ray  25  designed to emulate  27  in trajectory, color and intensity.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 6 illustrates a single collecting and receiving cell with  7  surfaces. Each cell has multiple surfaces to collect incident light from different trajectories. Each surface can collect information about color and intensity. (Photodiode and CCD are examples of materials which can from these surfaces.) Surfaces include walls such as  34 ,  35 ,  36 ,  37 ,  39 , and  33  and the bottom  38 . In practice the whole cavity of the cell is filled with a transparent substrate. This improves stability of the cell and protects the electronic components while also providing a refractive index higher than air for improved efficiency. Said transparent substrate may protrude out side of the cell to form a convex lens for improved efficiency.  
         [0029]    [0029]FIG. 7 is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart. The flowchart represents a single surface of a single cell on a first side of an object, a power source and a single corresponding surface on a second side of the object. A light beam  40  is incident upon the surface. A green photodiode  43  receives photons within a first wavelength range, a red photodiode  46  receives photons within a second wavelength range, and a blue photodiode receives photons in a third wavelength range. Intensity of the incident wavelengths varies the electric output of the respective photodiode. The intensity is used by the variable power sources to correspondingly power the surface on the second side of the object. Variable power sources  44 ,  47 , and  50  receive intensity information from their respective photodiodes and sends power to a respective corresponding LEDs. The green LED  45  sends green light  54 , the Red LED  48  sends red light  53  and the blue LED  51  sends blue light  52 . In this way, the color and intensity of the light incident on the first surface is reproduced on the second surface.  
         [0030]    [0030]FIG. 8 is a CCD receiver and LED sender flowchart. The flowchart represents a single surface of a single cell on a first side of an object (the CCD), a power source and a single corresponding surface on a second side of the object (the LED array). Light  58  passes through a color band filter  59  and then is incident upon the CCD array  60 . At  61 , 64 ,  65 , and  68 , filters are used to split the signal from the CCD into three bands representative of color. Intensity of each band is used to control the power sources output to the correspondingly colored LED. On the second side of the object, the  63  Green LED produces green light  57 , the red LED  67  produces red light  56  and the blue LED  70  produces blue light  55 . These light outputs on the second side of the object combine to closely resemble the color and intensity of the light which was incident on the first side of the object.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 9 illustrates how the seven surfaces of one cell correspond to seven surfaces located in seven different cells. A first side of an object  105  has one cell mounted on it. A first incident ray  79  strikes the bottom of the cell (not shown). This causes the corresponding bottom surface (the reverse side of  81 ) to produce a corresponding ray  83 . Ray  83  resembles the trajectory, color and intensity of ray  79 . Likewise  73  is a ray incident upon surface  71  which causes a cell surface  75  on the second side of the object to produce a corresponding ray  77  on the same trajectory with similar color and intensity. Each other surface of the cell on  105  has a corresponding surface on the second side of the object. Surface  89  corresponds to surface  91 . Surface  97  corresponds with surface  95 . Surface  97  corresponds with  99 .  101  corresponds with  103 .  85  corresponds with  87 .  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 10 is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart in a first state. A multistate vibrator switch causes diodes on the first side of the object to at like photodiodes by reverse biasing. Likewise the diodes on the second side of the object are forward biased to act like LEDs. This causes light to be received on the first side of the object and emitted on the second side of the object.  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 10 a  is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart in a second state. The multivibrator switch causes the diodes on the first side of the object to be forward biased, making them act like LEDs. Likewise the diodes on the second side of the object are reversed biased to make them act like photodiodes. In this second state, light is received by the diodes on the second side of the object and emitted from the first side of the object. Rapidly switching the bistable multivibrator switch enables the same LEDs to operate as both light receivers and light senders alternately.  
         [0034]    [0034]FIG. 11 are the seven receiving surfaces corresponding to the seven sending surfaces of one cell. The identical cells of FIG. 9 are in this figure operating in the reverse. Light received by surfaces on the second side of the object is reproduced to be emitted on the first side of the object  
         [0035]    [0035]FIG. 12 demonstrates how grid coordinates can be used to calculate how sending and receiving surfaces should map to on another. Note that once the relationship of each of the sides are know, each cell surface can be mapped to find its corresponding cell surface. On a rigid body, the relationship between cells remain intact. Once the surfaces of each cell are mapped to one another, their relationship to one another doesn&#39;t change and can be hardwired. The surface that the  119  beam is incident upon describes the surface from which the corresponding light beam  121  must be sent to have the same trajectory.  
         [0036]    Operation of the Invention  
         [0037]    [0037]FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of three dimensional objects. From this perspective view, a block  15  in the foreground can easily be detected against the cylinder  16  in the back ground.  
         [0038]    [0038]FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of three dimensional objects when the object in the foreground is transparent. The transparent block  19  enables light from the background including the cylinder  16  to be transmitted through it.  
         [0039]    [0039]FIG. 3 is a second view of the objects of FIG. 1. The same objects from FIG. 1 are here observed from a different perspective. The cylinder  16  is unobstructed but now the pyramid  17  is obstructed by the block  15 .  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 4 are the same objects where that in the foreground is transparent. The transparent block  19  enables the observer to see the back ground which in this case is the pyramid  17 . The point of these simple three dimensional views is to illustrate that the problem of rendering a non-transparent object invisible is a very difficult one. One image of the background will not be adequate because the back ground is totally dependent upon the observers position. The following diagrams and ensuing description illustrate how the background of the object from many perspectives can be simulated simultaneously.  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 5 illustrates an array of receiving and sending surfaces on two sides of an object. A first side of the object  24  has an array of hexagonal sending and receiving cells affixed to it. A second side of the object  23  has an array of receiving and sending cells affixed to it. Light from a background object  30  is incident upon many cell surfaces on the first side of the object. First incident ray  31  is some such light from  30 . It is incident upon the bottom surface of a cell. The cell surface (not shown) consists of a photoelectric material (such as an LED array or a CCD array). Information about this light is collected electronically and sent to the corresponding sending surface on the opposite side of the object which emits a first corresponding light ray  32  closely resembling the color and intensity of the first incident ray  31  light. The sending surface (not shown) consists of a photo emitting material (such as a multichromatic LED array). Similarly a second incident ray  29  is light from back ground object  30 . Its trajectory is different from that of  31  and it is therefore incident upon a totally different surface. The surface that  29  is incident upon corresponds to a surface on the opposite side of the object—such that when the second corresponding ray  28  is emitted, its trajectory is the same as that of  29 . The color and intensity of  28  are likewise engineered to resemble that of  29 . In actuality, many additional surfaces would concurrently be receiving light from  30  and the process of collecting and reproducing that light is likewise repeated many times by many incident surfaces and corresponding surfaces. This is because an observer may be at any observing angle. Background object  30  will need to be viewable at all of these angles. Note that one observer at  32  can “see”  30  and also an observer at  28  can “see”  30 . Similarly, a second background object  26  emits rays that are incident upon many receiving surfaces, a third ray  27  being one such ray. The surface that receives  27  collects color and intensity information and sends it to its corresponding surfaces which emits a third corresponding ray  25  designed to emulate  27  in trajectory, color and intensity.  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 6 illustrates a single collecting and receiving cell with  7  surfaces. Each cell has multiple surfaces to collect incident light from different trajectories. Each surface can collect information about color and intensity. (Photodiode and CCD are examples of materials which can from these surfaces.) Surfaces include walls such as  34 ,  35 ,  36 ,  37 ,  39 , and  33  and the bottom  38 . In practice the whole cavity of the cell is filled with a transparent substrate. This improves stability of the cell and protects the electronic components while also providing a refractive index higher that air for improved efficiency. Said transparent substrate may protrude out side of the cell to form a convex lens for improved efficiency.  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 7 is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart. The flowchart represents a single surface of a single cell on a first side of an object, a power source and a single corresponding surface on a second side of the object. A light beam  40  is incident upon the surface. A green photodiode  43  receives photons within a first wavelength range, a red photodiode  46  receives photons within a second wavelength range, and a blue photodiode receives photons in a third wavelength range. Intensity of the incident wavelengths varies the electric output of the respective photodiode. The intensity is used by the variable power sources to correspondingly power the surface on the second side of the object. Variable power sources  44 ,  47 , and  50  receive intensity information from their respective photodiodes and sends power to a respective corresponding LEDs. The green LED  45  sends green light  54 , the Red LED  48  sends red light  53  and the blue LED  51  sends blue light  52 . In this way, the color and intensity of the light incident on the first surface is reproduced on the second surface.  
         [0044]    [0044]FIG. 8 is a CCD receiver and LED sender flowchart. The flowchart represents a single surface of a single cell on a first side of an object (the CCD), a power source and a single corresponding surface on a second side of the object (the LED array). Light  58  passes through a color band filter  59  and then is incident upon the CCD array  60 . At  61 , 64 ,  65 , and  68 , filters are used to split the signal from the CCD into three bands representative of color. Intensity of each band is used to control the power sources output to the correspondingly colored LED. On the second side of the object, the  63  Green LED produces green light  57 , the red LED  67  produces red light  56  and the blue LED  70  produces blue light  55 . These light outputs on the second side of the object combine to closely resemble the color and intensity of the light which was incident on the first side of the object.  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 9 illustrates how the seven surfaces of one cell correspond to seven surfaces located in seven different cells. A first side of an object  105  has one cell mounted on it. A first incident ray  79  strikes the bottom of the cell (not shown). This causes the corresponding bottom surface (the reverse side of  81 ) to produce a corresponding ray  83 . Ray  83  resembles the trajectory, color and intensity of ray  79 . Likewise  73  is a ray incident upon surface  71  which causes a cell surface  75  on the second side of the object to produce a corresponding ray  77  on the same trajectory with similar color and intensity. Each other surface of the cell on  105  has a corresponding surface on the second side of the object. Surface  89  corresponds to surface  91 . Surface  97  corresponds with surface  95 . Surface  97  corresponds with  99 .  101  corresponds with  103 .  85  corresponds with  87 .  
         [0046]    [0046]FIG. 10 is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart in a first state. A multistate vibrator switch causes diodes on the first side of the object to at like photodiodes by reverse biasing. Likewise the diodes on the second side of the object are forward biased to act like LEDs. This causes light to be received on the first side of the object and emitted on the second side of the object.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 10 a  is a diode receiver and diode sender flow chart in a second state. The multivibrator switch causes the diodes on the first side of the object to be forward biased, making them act like LEDs. Likewise the diodes on the second side of the object are reversed biased to make them act like photodiodes. In this second state, light is received by the diodes on the second side of the object and emitted from the first side of the object. Rapidly switching the bistable multivibrator switch enables the same LEDs to operate as both light receivers and light senders alternately.  
         [0048]    [0048]FIG. 11 are the seven receiving surfaces corresponding to the seven sending surfaces of one cell. The identical cells of FIG. 9 are in this figure operating in the reverse. Light received by surfaces on the second side of the object is reproduced to be emitted on the first side of the object FIG. 12 demonstrates how grid coordinates can be used to calculate how sending and receiving surfaces should map to on another. Note that once the relationship of each of the sides are know, each cell surface can be mapped to find its corresponding cell surface. On a rigid body, the relationship between cells remain intact. Once the surfaces of each cell are mapped to one another, their relationship to one another doesn&#39;t change and can be hardwired. The surface that the  119  beam is incident upon describes the surface from which the corresponding light beam  121  must be sent to have the same trajectory.  
         [0049]    Conclusion, Ramifications, and Scope  
         [0050]    Thus the reader will see that the Three Dimensional Cloaking Process and Apparatus of this invention provides a highly functional and reliable means for using well known technology to electronically and optically conceal the presence of an object.  
         [0051]    While my above description describes many specifications, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the invention, but rather as an exemplification of one preferred embodiment thereof Many other variations are possible.