Abstract:
A method and apparatus in a data processing system for updating a buffer containing display information used to display pixels from a first layer and a second layer on a display in the data processing system. Display information is identified for pixels in the first layer in a region corresponding to a removal of pixels being displayed in the second layer. This identification is performed using a data structure containing display information for displaying pixels in the first layer and pixels in the second layer to form identified display information. Display information in the buffer is updated using identified display information.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present invention is related to applications entitled METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR UPDATING A WINDOW IDENTIFICATION BUFFER IN A DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM; Ser. No. 09/478,304; and METHOD AND APPARATUS IN A DATA PROCESSING SYSTEM FOR INSTALLING APPROPRIATE WID VALUES FOR A TRANSPARENT REGION, Ser. No. 09/478,302; which are filed even date hereof, assigned to the same assignee, and incorporated herein by reference. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Technical Field 
     The present invention relates generally to an improved data processing system and in particular to a method and apparatus for updating display information stored in a buffer in the data processing system. Still more particularly, the present invention provides a method and apparatus for updating color buffer window identifiers when an overlay window identifier is removed. 
     2. Description of Related Art 
     Computer graphics concerns the synthesis or display of real or imaginary objects from computer-based models. In computer graphics systems, images are displayed on a display device to a user in two dimensional and three dimensional forms. These images are displayed using pixels. A pixel is short for a picture element. One spot in a rectilinear grid of thousands of such spots that are individually “painted” to form an image produced on the screen by a computer or on paper by a printer. A pixel is the smallest element that display or print hardware and software can manipulate in creating letters, numbers, or graphics. These pixels and information relating to these pixels are stored in a buffer. The information describing a pixel is identified using a window ID (WID). A WID is used as an index into a window attribute table (WAT). The WAT contains information describing how a pixel will be displayed on the screen. For example, a WAT identifies depth, color map, buffer, and gamma for a pixel. 
     Typically, the WID is drawn into a separate buffer, which is used to describe how the pixels in the frame buffer or buffers will be rastered. Some graphic systems, such as, for example, UNIX servers, use overlays to enhance the performance of three dimensional applications, which need to be overlaid on top of a three dimensional application. An example of such is a menu. These type of servers typically require a separate WID buffer for the color planes and overlays to allow for the WIDs to be saved and restored. In FIG. 1A, an example of data in a portion of a WID color buffer is illustrated. FIG. 1B is an example of data in a portion of a WID overlay buffer. In these two examples, each of the numbers illustrates a WID, which is used as an index into a WAT to identify information used to display a pixel associated with the WID. The WIDs illustrated in FIGS. 1A and 1B are those prior to the removal of an overlay WID region. A “0” in the WID overlay buffer indicates that the overlay has been disabled. 
     In FIG. 2A, section  200  illustrates WIDs in a portion of a WID color buffer after an overlay WID region has been removed. The color WID buffer is unaffected. Similarly, section  202  in FIG. 2B illustrates WIDs in a WID overlay buffer after an overlay WID region has been removed from the WID buffer. This region is updated with the disabled overlay WID  0  so the color buffer can be seen on the screen. 
     Typically, an eight bit split WID may be identified in hardware in which three bits are used to identify the WID for the overlay buffer and in which five bits are used to identify the WID for the color buffer. For example, the first three bits are used as an index into an overlay WAT while the lower five bits are used as an index into a color WAT. With three bits, eight WID entries may be identified or assigned to a pixel using the WID overlay buffer. Thirty-two different WID entries may be assigned to pixels using the WID color buffer. In this manner, WIDs in the color buffer do not need to be updated since the color WID buffer was not overwritten by the overlay WID buffer. In FIG. 3, an example of WIDs that would be used to display pixels on a screen is shown using WIDs from a WID color buffer and a WID overlay buffer. Each of the WIDs identifies what pixels and from what buffer the pixels will be retrieved for display. Section  300  illustrates the restored region. 
     In manufacturing graphics chips, it is cheaper to fabricate a graphics chip without split WIDs. In such a case, only one WID buffer and two frame buffers are required. With this type of configuration, a means to restore the color buffer WIDs is absent. 
     Therefore, it would be advantageous to have an improved method and apparatus supporting updating of color buffer WIDs when an overlay WID is removed. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a method and apparatus in a data processing system for updating a buffer containing display information used to display pixels from a first layer and a second layer on a display in the data processing system. Display information is identified for pixels in the first layer in a region corresponding to a removal of pixels being displayed in the second layer. This identification is performed using a data structure containing display information for displaying pixels in the first layer and pixels in the second layer to form identified display information. Display information in the buffer is updated using identified display information. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The novel features believed characteristic of the invention are set forth in the appended claims. The invention itself, however, as well as a preferred mode of use, further objectives and advantages thereof, will best be understood by reference to the following detailed description of an illustrative embodiment when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein: 
     FIG. 1A is an example of data in a portion of a WID color buffer; 
     FIG. 1B is an example of data in a portion of a WID overlay buffer; 
     FIG. 2A is an example of data in a portion of a WID color buffer after an overlay WID region is removed; 
     FIG. 2B is an example of data in a portion of a WID overlay buffer after an overlay WID region is removed; 
     FIG. 3 is an example of WIDs used to display pixels on a screen using WIDs from a WID color buffer and a WID overlay buffer; 
     FIG. 4 is a pictorial representation of a data processing system in which the present invention may be implemented in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a data processing system in which the present invention may be implemented; 
     FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a graphics adapter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 7 is an example of a WAT table in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 8 is an illustration of an overlay in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating a window tree in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 10 is a high level process of a flowchart for updating WIDs for color pixels in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 11 is a flowchart of a process for updating color WIDs in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention; and 
     FIGS. 12A and 12B are diagrams illustrating an updated color WID function in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     With reference now to the figures and in particular with reference to FIG. 4, a pictorial representation of a data processing system in which the present invention may be implemented is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. A computer  400  is depicted which includes a system unit  410 , a video display terminal  402 , a keyboard  404 , storage devices  408 , which may include floppy drives and other types of permanent and removable storage media, and mouse  406 . Additional input devices may be included with personal computer  400 . Computer  400  can be implemented using any suitable computer, such as an IBM RS/6000 computer or IntelliStation computer, which are products of International Business Machines Corporation, located in Armonk, N.Y. Although the depicted representation shows a computer, other embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in other types of data processing systems, such as a network computer. Computer  400  also preferably includes a graphical user interface that may be implemented by means of systems software residing in computer readable media in operation within computer  400 . 
     With reference now to FIG. 5, a block diagram illustrating a data processing system in which the present invention may be implemented. Data processing system  500  is an example of a computer, such as computer  400  in FIG. 4, in which code or instructions implementing the processes of the present invention may be located. Data processing system  500  employs a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) local bus architecture. Although the depicted example employs a PCI bus, other bus architectures such as Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) and Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) may be used. Processor  502  and main memory  504  are connected to PCI local bus  506  through PCI bridge  508 . PCI bridge  508  also may include an integrated memory controller and cache memory for processor  502 . Additional connections to PCI local bus  506  may be made through direct component interconnection or through add-in boards. In the depicted example, local area network (LAN) adapter  510 , small computer system interface SCSI host bus adapter  512 , and expansion bus interface  514  are connected to PCI local bus  506  by direct component connection. In contrast, audio adapter  516 , graphics adapter  518 , and audio/video adapter  519  are connected to PCI local bus  506  by add-in boards inserted into expansion slots. The processes of the present invention may be used to manage rendering of data by graphics adapter  518  or audio/video adapter  519 . 
     Expansion bus interface  514  provides a connection for a keyboard and mouse adapter  520 , modem  522 , and additional memory  524 . SCSI host bus adapter  512  provides a connection for hard disk drive  526 , tape drive  528 , and CD-ROM drive  530 . Typical PCI local bus implementations will support three or four PCI expansion slots or add-in connectors. 
     An operating system runs on processor  502  and is used to coordinate and provide control of various components within data processing system  500  in FIG.  5 . The operating system may be a commercially available operating system such as OS/2, which is available from International Business Machines Corporation. “OS/2” is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation. An object oriented programming system such as Java may run in conjunction with the operating system and provides calls to the operating system from Java programs or applications executing on data processing system  500 . “Java” is a trademark of Sun Microsystems, Inc. Instructions for the operating system, the object-oriented operating system, and applications or programs are located on storage devices, such as hard disk drive  526 , and may be loaded into main memory  504  for execution by processor  502 . 
     Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the hardware in FIG. 5 may vary depending on the implementation. Other internal hardware or peripheral devices, such as flash ROM (or equivalent nonvolatile memory) or optical disk drives and the like, may be used in addition to or in place of the hardware depicted in FIG.  5 . Also, the processes of the present invention may be applied to a multiprocessor data processing system. 
     For example, data processing system  500 , if optionally configured as a network computer, may not include SCSI host bus adapter  512 , hard disk drive  526 , tape drive  528 , and CD-ROM  530 , as noted by dotted line  532  in FIG. 5 denoting optional inclusion. In that case, the computer, to be properly called a client computer, must include some type of network communication interface, such as LAN adapter  510 , modem  522 , or the like. As another example, data processing system  500  may be a stand-alone system configured to be bootable without relying on some type of network communication interface, whether or not data processing system  500  comprises some type of network communication interface. As a further example, data processing system  500  may be a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device which is configured with ROM and/or flash ROM in order to provide non-volatile memory for storing operating system files and/or user-generated data. 
     The depicted example in FIG.  5  and above-described examples are not meant to imply architectural limitations. For example, data processing system  500  also may be a notebook computer or hand held computer in addition to taking the form of a PDA. Data processing system  500  also may be a kiosk or a Web appliance. 
     Turning next to FIG. 6, a block diagram illustrating a graphics adapter is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Graphics adapter  600  is an example of a graphics adapter, such as graphics adapter  518  in FIG.  5 . Graphics adapter  600  includes an adapter memory  602 , a random access memory digital to analog converter (RAMDAC)  604 , a color WAT table  606 , and an overlay WAT table  608 . Adapter memory  602  includes a color frame buffer  610 , an overlay frame buffer  612 , and a WID buffer  614 . The two frame buffers contain pixels, which are sent to RAMDAC  604  for output to a display device. RAMDAC  604  is a graphics controller chip that maintains the color palette and converts data from memory into analog signals for a display device. 
     WID buffer  614  contains WIDs that are used as an index into color WAT table  606  and overlay WAT table  608 . Each of these WAT tables describes how a pixel will be rendered on a display device. 
     In FIG. 7, an example of a WAT table is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. WAT table  700  contains information describing the pixel type, the color map, the buffer, and the gamma for color WATs. WAT Table  700  includes information such as pixel type, color map, and transparency for overlay WATs. WAT table  700 , in this example, contains two sets of sixteen entries indexed by a WID. The pixel type in this example describes the pixel type as being an eight bit pseudo color or twenty-four bit true color. Other information that may be included may be, for example, which frame buffer will be displayed, whether the overlay is transparent, or whether the overlay is disabled. These entries may be used in color WAT table  606  and overlay WAT table  608  in FIG.  6 . 
     In this example, only four bits are used as an index into a WAT table. Each table contains sixteen entries, which are indexed by a WID from WID buffer  614  in FIG.  6 . This is in contrast to an eight bit system in which the WID is split between the color WAT and the overlay WAT. The four bit WID is shared between the overlay and color WAT. So each WID entry will point to an overlay WAT and color WAT. The buffer used to display the pixel on the screen will depend on a setting of the overlay WAT for the WID entry. This setting will be an opaque overlay, transparent overlay, or disabled overlay. If the setting is disable overlay, the buffer used to display the pixel will be the color frame buffer, with the pixel interpretation defined by the color WAT table indexed by the WID value. If the setting is opaque overlay, the buffer used to display the pixel will be the overlay frame buffer, with the pixel interpretation defined by the overlay WAT table indexed by the WID value. If the setting is transparent overlay, the buffer used to display the pixel is determined by the pixel value in the overlay frame buffer. 
     If the pixel value in the overlay frame buffer is not the defined transparent pixel value (e.g. 0xff), the buffer used to display the pixel will be the overlay frame buffer, with the pixel interpretaion defined by the overlay WAT table indexed by the WID value. If the pixel value in the overlay frame buffer is the defined transparent pixel value, the buffer used to display the pixel will be the color frame buffer, with the pixel interpretation defined by the color WAT table indexed by the WID value. 
     The present invention provides a method, apparatus, and computer implemented instructions for restoring WIDs for pixels in a color frame buffer when an overlay WID region is removed. The mechanism of the present invention updates WIDs for pixels in a color frame buffer in a specified region corresponding to the region that was removed for WIDs for pixels in the overlay frame buffer. All 2 dimensional and 3 dimensional WIDs are updated if they fall within the specified region. This process occurs using a root window as the parent window and traversing the window tree. If the window is a color window(layer  0 ), then the exposed WID region for the window is intersected with overlay region that was removed. If this exposed region is not empty, the region is redrawn in the WID buffer using the windows WID. This exposed region is the exposed WID region for the color window intersected with the overlay region that was removed. 
     With reference now to FIG. 8, an illustration of an overlay is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this example, map  800  may be displayed using pixels located in two frame buffers and a single WID buffer. Map  800  includes a set of pixels in a color frame buffer that represent states in map  800 . For example, shape  802  is that of the State of Texas. The pixels for shape  802  are located in a color frame buffer, while the text “Texas”  804  is located in an overlay frame buffer. In this example, “Texas”  804  is located in a region  806  in the overlay frame buffer, while shape  802  is located in a region  808  in the color frame buffer. The region where the text is located is opaque, while other portions are transparent. As an example depicted in accordance with the present invention, the overlay region  806  is removed, then the display information for the color buffer will be updated to provide the correct pixel interpretation for the color buffer where the overlay region was removed. 
     With reference now to FIG. 9, a diagram illustrating a window tree is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. Window tree  900  is stored within a data structure in a main or host memory of a data processing system. In these examples, window tree  900  is maintained by an x server. Window tree  900  includes a root window  902 . Window  904  and window  906  are children windows of root window  902 . Window  904  and window  906  are called sibling windows in window tree  900 . Windows  908 ,  910 , and  912  are sibling windows to each other and are children windows to window  904 . Window  914  is a child to window  908 . In this example, window  902  represents a color or layer  0  window similar to that illustrated in region  808  in FIG.  8 . Window  908 , in this example, is an overlay or layer  1  window similar to region  806  in FIG.  8 . The other windows may be either layer  0  or layer  1  windows as shown in FIG.  9 . With these different windows in window tree  900 , the present invention will identify the parent or root window, as well as processing the different overlay windows. 
     With reference now to FIG. 10, a high level process of a flowchart for updating WIDs for color pixels is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. This process is used when split WID support is absent for handling WIDs for color frame buffers and overlay frame buffers. In particular, the process is used to update color buffer WIDs when overlay WIDs are removed from the WID buffer. 
     The process begins by determining whether the region being processed is empty (step  1000 ). If the region is empty, the process terminates. Otherwise, a determination is made as to whether the window is a root window (step  1002 ). If the window is not the root window, the current window being processed is assigned to be the parent window (step  1004 ) with the process then returning to step  1002 . 
     If the window being processed is the root window, the WIDs in the WID buffer region are updated (step  1006 ). Step  1006  is described in more detail in the description of FIG. 11 below. The overlay buffer region is made transparent by rendereing the transparent pixel value to this region (step  1008 ) with the process terminating thereafter. The transparent region is rendered by drawing a filled rectangle with the transparent pixel (e.g. 0xff) value in the overlay buffer. This region will be transparent if the overlay WAT is set to be transparent overlay. In a split WID system, the WID buffer is rendered with the overlay disabled WID. In FIG. 2B, the WID value  0  is the overlay disbled WID. Using shared WIDs, the region is rendered transparent so the color WID buffer is unafected and the correct pixel interpretations are rendered on the screen. 
     Turning next to FIG. 11, a flowchart of a process for updating color WIDs is depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The process illustrated in FIG. 11 is used to update color WIDs in a particular region. In these examples, the process will update the color WIDs for a removed overlay WID buffer region. This process is also called a UpdateColorWIDS function and is a more detailed description of step  1006  in FIG.  10 . 
     The process begins by determining whether the current window is null (step  1100 ). This step determines whether the pointer is to the root window. If the current window is null, the process terminates. Otherwise, a determination is made as to whether the current window is mapped and whether the current window is an overlay window (step  1102 ). If a window is mapped, it may be viewable. Unmapped windows are never viewable. If the current window is mapped and is an overlay window, a working region is initialized (step  1104 ). 
     Next, A determination is made as to whether the current window has a border (step  1106 ). A bordered window is a window that contains a rectangular region larger than the window, so that the window is inside the border region. If the current window has a border, it is a bordered window. The window size is subtracted from the border clip (step  1108 ). The border clip contains the viewable portion of the border after all clipping has been completed. Since the border clip contains the border and everything within it, the window size has to be subtracted to obtain the border region. Next, the border is unioned with the clip list (step  1110 ). The working region is then intersected with the region (step  1112 ). The region intersected with the clip list in step  1112  is the region passed to the process in FIG.  11 . 
     Next, a determination is made as to whether the region is empty (step  1114 ). Once the region is intersected with the working region, the region can be checked to see if it is an empty region. An empty region is defined when the number of rectangles that make up the region is equal to zero. If the region is not empty, the privileges are obtained (step  1116 ). This is a private structure created by the device dependent X (ddx) code and is obtained from the current window. This private stucture can be found from the devprivates field in the WindowRec structure. The present invention is described with reference to X, which is also referred to as X Windows or X Window System. X is a windowing system, which runs under UNIX and all major operating systems. X lets users run applications on other computers in the network and view the output on their own screen. X generates a rudimentary window that can be enhanced with GUIs, such as Open Look and Motif, but does not require applications to conform to a GUI standard. The window manager component of the GUI allows multiple resizable, relocatable X windows to be viewed on screen at the same time. X client software resides in the computer that performs the processing and X server software resides in the computer that displays it. Both components can also be in the same machine. 
     A determination is made as to whether the window is a 3 dimensional DWA window (step  1118 ). A 3 dimensional Direct Window Access (DWA) allows graphics standards, such as OpenGL and graPHIGS, to have access to the window directly. The 3 dimensional API does not have to go through X in order to render. DWA is supported by AIX, which is available from International Business Machines Corporation. The device driver updates the WIDS for DWA windows so a call must be made to the device driver to update the WID if necessary. 
     If the window is a 3 dimensional DWA window, the device driver updates the window&#39;s WID (step  1120 ). A call is made to the device driver to update the WID associated with the window. The Window Geometry, which includes, for example, the clip region, WID value, WID region, is passed to the device driver so the WID can be updated. The device driver performs this update by rendering the WID value to the WID buffer in the WID region. 
     Otherwise, the X server updates the window&#39;s WID (step  1122 ). X updates the WIDs for all non DWA windows. The WID is updated by rendering the WID region to the WID buffer. In either case, the working region is then discarded (step  1124 ). 
     Then, the current window is moved to the first child window of the current window (step  1126 ). This step is used to select the next window for processing. A determination is made as to whether the current window is null (step  1128 ). If the current window is null, the process terminates. Otherwise, color WIDs for the current window are recursively updated (step  1130 ). Step  1130  is a recursive step used to represent an entry into another process starting with step  1100 . Thereafter, the current window is moved to a sibling of the current window (step  1132 ) with the process then returning to step  1128 . 
     With reference again to step  1114 , if the region is empty, the process proceeds to step  1124  as described above. Turning back to step  1106 , if the current window does not have a border, the region is intersected with the clip list (step  1134 ). This region is the region originally passed to the process in FIG.  11 . The process then proceeds to step  1114  as described above. 
     With reference again to step  1102 , if the current window is not both a mapped window and an overlay window, the process proceeds to step  1126 . 
     With reference now to FIGS. 12A and 12B, diagrams illustrating an updated color WID function are depicted in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention. In this example, the code is in C. Code  1200  will update all color WIDs that intersect the region. In particular, code  1200  will traverse the parent window, as well as all of the siblings and children of the parent window to update the color WIDs that intersect the region. In code  1200 , while windows in a window tree are being traversed, a window in the color plane is mapped to the screen, border and clip list regions are unioned together and then intersected with the specified region. If the region is not empty in these examples, and the window is a DWA window, then the device driver updates the WID. Otherwise, if the window is a non DWA window, the x server will update the WID. 
     Thus, the present invention provides a method, apparatus, and computer implemented instructions for updating WIDs for pixels in a color buffer in a region corresponding to a region that was previously covered by pixels in an overlay frame buffer. This mechanism provides the same functionality as split WIDs without requiring a split WID system. Thus, the present invention allows for the use of a less complex graphics chip and reduces hardware costs. This mechanism also allows for the provision of a maximum number of WIDs in the hardware. The processes may be implemented in software that is executed by processors located in a computer, such as a central processing unit. 
     It is important to note that while the present invention has been described in the context of a fully functioning data processing system, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the processes of the present invention are capable of being distributed in a form of a computer readable medium of instructions and a variety of forms and that the present invention applies equally regardless of the particular type of signal bearing media actually used to carry out the distribution. Examples of computer readable media include recordable-type media such a floppy disc, a hard disk drive, a RAM, CD-ROMS, and transmission-type media such as digital and analog communications links. 
     The description of the present invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description, and is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the invention in the form disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. The embodiment was chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention, the practical application, and to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.