Abstract:
According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid maize plant, designated as 34E79, produced by crossing two Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize lines. This invention relates to the hybrid seed 34E79, the hybrid plant produced from the seed, and variants, mutants, and trivial modifications of Hybrid 34E79. Hybrid 34E79 is characterized by its high yielding potential, early flowering for its maturity and very good brittle stalk resistance, excellent staygreen and late season stalk strength. Hybrid 34E79 has above average yields and performs best under low and mid-yield environments.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention is in the field of maize breeding, specifically relating to a hybrid maize line designated 34E79. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Plant Breeding 
     Field crops are bred through techniques that take advantage of the plant&#39;s method of pollination. A plant is self-pollinated if pollen from one flower is transferred to the same or another flower of the same plant. A plant is cross-pollinated if the pollen comes from a flower on a different plant. 
     Plants that have been self-pollinated and selected for type for many generations become homozygous at almost all gene loci and produce a uniform population of true breeding progeny. A cross between two different homozygous lines produces a uniform population of hybrid plants that may be heterozygous for many gene loci. A cross of two plants each heterozygous at a number of gene loci will produce a population of hybrid plants that differ genetically and will not be uniform. 
     Maize (Zea mays L.), often referred to as corn in the United States, can be bred by both self-pollination and cross-pollination techniques. Maize has separate male and female flowers on the same plant, located on the tassel and the ear, respectively. Natural pollination occurs in maize when wind blows pollen from the tassels to the silks that protrude from the tops of the ears. 
     The development of a hybrid maize variety involves three steps: (1) the selection of plants from various germplasm pools for initial breeding crosses; (2) the selfing of the selected plants from the breeding crosses for several generations to produce a series of inbred lines, which, although different from each other, breed true and are highly uniform; and (3) crossing the selected inbred lines with unrelated inbred lines to produce the hybrid progeny (F 1 ). During the inbreeding process in maize, the vigor of the lines decreases. Vigor is restored when two different inbred lines are crossed to produce the hybrid progeny (F 1 ). An important consequence of the homozygosity and homogeneity of the inbred lines is that the hybrid created by crossing a defined pair of inbreds will always be the same. Once the inbreds that create a superior hybrid have been identified, a continual supply of the hybrid seed can be produced using these inbred parents and the hybrid corn plants can then be generated from this hybrid seed supply. 
     Large scale commercial maize hybrid production, as it is practiced today, requires the use of some form of male sterility system which controls or inactivates male fertility. A reliable method of controlling male fertility in plants also offers the opportunity for improved plant breeding. This is especially true for development of maize hybrids, which relies upon some sort of male sterility system. There are several options for controlling male fertility available to breeders, such as: manual or mechanical emasculation (or detasseling), cytoplasmic male sterility, genetic male sterility, gametocides and the like. 
     Hybrid maize seed is typically produced by a male sterility system incorporating manual or mechanical detasseling. Alternate strips of two inbred varieties of maize are planted in a field, and the pollen-bearing tassels are removed from one of the inbreds (female) prior to pollen shed. Providing that there is sufficient isolation from sources of foreign maize pollen, the ears of the detasseled inbred will be fertilized only from the other inbred (male), and the resulting seed is therefore hybrid and will form hybrid plants. 
     The laborious, and occasionally unreliable, detasseling process can be avoided by using cytoplasmic male-sterile (CMS) inbreds. Plants of a CMS inbred are male sterile as a result of factors resulting from the cytoplasmic, as opposed to the nuclear, genome. Thus, this characteristic is inherited exclusively through the female parent in maize plants, since only the female provides cytoplasm to the fertilized seed. CMS plants are fertilized with pollen from another inbred that is not male-sterile. Pollen from the second inbred may or may not contribute genes that make the hybrid plants male-fertile. Usually seed from detasseled fertile maize and CMS produced seed of the same hybrid are blended to insure that adequate pollen loads are available for fertilization when the hybrid plants are grown. 
     There are several methods of conferring genetic male sterility available, such as multiple mutant genes at separate locations within the genome that confer male sterility, as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,654,465 and 4,727,219 to Brar et al. and chromosomal translocations as described by Patterson in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,861,709 and 3,710,511. These and all patents referred to are incorporated by reference. In addition to these methods, Albertsen et al., of Pioneer Hi-Bred, U.S. Patent application Ser. No. 07/848,433, have developed a system of nuclear male sterility which includes: identifying a gene which is critical to male fertility; silencing this native gene which is critical to male fertility; removing the native promoter from the essential male fertility gene and replacing it with an inducible promoter; inserting this genetically engineered gene back into the plant; and thus creating a plant that is male sterile because the inducible promoter is not &#34;on&#34; resulting in the male fertility gene not being transcribed. Fertility is restored by inducing, or turning &#34;on&#34;, the promoter, which in turn allows the gene that confers male fertility to be transcribed. 
     There are many other methods of conferring genetic male sterility in the art, each with its own benefits and drawbacks. These methods use a variety of approaches such as delivering into the plant a gene encoding a cytotoxic substance associated with a male tissue specific promoter or an antisense system in which a gene critical to fertility is identified and an antisense to that gene is inserted in the plant (see: Fabinjanski, et al. EPO 89/3010153.8 publication no. 329,308 and PCT application PCT/CA90/00037 published sis WO 90/08828). 
     Another system useful in controlling male sterility makes use of gametocides. Gametocides are not a genetic system, but rather a topical application of chemicals. These chemicals affect cells that are critical to male fertility. The application of these chemicals affects fertility in the plants only for the growing season in which the gametocide is applied (see Carlson, Glenn R., U.S. Pat. No.: 4,936,904). Application of the gametocide, timing of the application and genotype specificity often limit the usefulness of the approach. 
     The use of male sterile inbreds is but one factor in the production of maize hybrids. The development of maize hybrids requires, in general, the development of homozygous inbred lines, the crossing of these lines, and the evaluation of the crosses. Breeding programs combine the genetic backgrounds from two or more inbred lines or various other broad-based sources into breeding pools from which new inbred lines are developed by selfing and selection of desired phenotypes. The new inbreds are crossed with other inbred lines and the hybrids from these crosses are evaluated to determine which of those have commercial potential. 
     There are many important factors to be considered in the art of plant breeding, such as the ability to recognize important morphological and physiological characteristics, the ability to design evaluation techniques for genotypic and phenotypic traits of interest, and the ability to search out and exploit the genes for the desired traits in new or improved combinations. 
     The objective of commercial maize hybrid line development programs is to develop new inbred lines to produce hybrids that combine to produce high grain yields and superior agronomic performance. The primary trait breeders seek is yield. However, many other major agronomic traits are of importance in hybrid combination and have an impact on yield or otherwise provide superior performance in hybrid combinations. Such traits include percent grain moisture at harvest, relative maturity, resistance to stalk breakage, resistance to root lodging, grain quality, and disease and insect resistance. In addition, the lines per se must have acceptable performance for parental traits such as seed yields, kernel sizes, pollen production, all of which affect ability to provide parental lines in sufficient quantity and quality for hybridization. These traits have been shown to be under genetic control and many if not all of the traits are affected by multiple genes. 
     Pedigree Breeding 
     The pedigree method of breeding is the mostly widely used methodology for new hybrid line development. 
     In general terms this procedure consists of crossing two inbred lines to produce the non-segregating F 1  generation, and self pollination of the F 1  generation to produce the F 2  generation that segregates for all factors for which the inbred parents differ. An example of this process is set forth below. Variations of this generalized pedigree method are used, but all these variations produce a segregating generation which contains a range of variation for the traits of interest. 
    
    
     EXAMPLE 1 
     Hypothetical example of pedigree breeding program 
     Consider a cross between two inbred lines that differ for alleles at six loci. 
     The parental genotypes are: 
     
         ______________________________________Parent 1           AbCdeF/AbCdeFParent 2           aBcDEf/aBcDEf______________________________________ 
    
     the F 1  from a cross between these two parents is: 
     
         ______________________________________  F.sub.1    AbCdeF/aBcDEf______________________________________ 
    
     Selfing F 1  will produce an F 2  generation including the following genotypes: 
     
         ______________________________________      ABcDEf/abCdeF      ABcDef/abCdEF      ABcDef/abCdeF______________________________________ 
    
     The number of genotypes in the F 2  is 3 6  for six segregating loci (729) and will produce (2 6 )-2 possible new inbreds, (62 for six segregating loci). 
     Each inbred parent which is used in breeding crosses represents a unique combination of genes, and the combined effects of the genes define the performance of the inbred and its performance in hybrid combination. There is published evidence (Smith, O. S., J. S. C. Smith, S. L. Bowen, R. A. Tenborg and S. J. Wall, TAG 80:833-840 (1990)) that each of the lines are different and can be uniquely identified on the basis of genetically-controlled molecular markers. 
     It has been shown (Hallauer, Arnel R. and Miranda, J. B. Fo. Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding, Iowa State University Press, Ames Iowa, 1981) that most traits of economic value in maize are under the genetic control of multiple genetic loci, and that there are a large number of unique combinations of these genes present in elite maize germplasm. If not, genetic progress using elite inbred lines would no longer be possible. Studies by Duvick and Russell (Duvick, D. N., Maydica 37:69-79, (1992); Russell, W. A., Maydica XXIX:375-390 (1983)) have shown that over the last 50 years the rate of genetic progress in commercial hybrids has been between one and two percent per year. 
     The number of genes affecting the trait of primary economic importance in maize, grain yield, has been estimated to be in the range of 10-1000. Inbred lines which are used as parents for breeding crosses differ in the number and combination of these genes. These factors make the plant breeder&#39;s task more difficult. Compounding this is evidence that no one line contains the favorable allele at all loci, and that different alleles have different economic values depending on the genetic background and field environment in which the hybrid is grown. Fifty years of breeding experience suggests that there are many genes affecting grain yield and each of these has a relatively small effect on this trait. The effects are small compared to breeders&#39; ability to measure grain yield differences in evaluation trials. Therefore, the parents of the breeding cross must differ at several of these loci so that the genetic differences in the progeny will be large enough that breeders can develop a line that increases the economic worth of its hybrids over that of hybrids made with either parent. If the number of loci segregating in a cross between two inbred lines is n, the number of unique genotypes in the F 2  generation is 3 n  and the number of unique inbred lines from this cross is {(2 n )-2}. Only a very limited number of these combinations are useful. Only about 1 in 10,000 of the progeny from F 2  &#39;s are commercially useful. 
     By way of example, if it is assumed that the number of segregating loci in F 2  is somewhere between 20 and 50, and that each parent is fixed for half the favorable alleles, it is then possible to calculate the approximate probabilities of finding an inbred that has the favorable allele at {(n/2)+m} loci, where n/2 is the number of favorable alleles in each of the parents and m is the number of additional favorable alleles in the new inbred. See Example 2 below. The number m is assumed to be greater than three because each allele has so small an effect that evaluation techniques are not sensitive enough to detect differences due to three or less favorable alleles. The probabilities in Example 2 are on the order of 10 -5  or smaller and they are the probabilities that at least one genotype with (n/2)=m favorable alleles will exist. 
     To put this in perspective, the number of plants grown on 60 million acres (approximate United States corn acreage) at 25,000 plants/acre is 1.5×10 12 . 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     
         ______________________________________Probability of finding an inbred with m of n favorable alleles.Assume each parent has n/2 of the favorable alleles and only1/2 of the combinations of loci are economically useful.No. of  No. of favorable               No. additionalsegregating   alleles in Parents               favorable alleles in                            Probability thatloci (n)   (n/2)       new inbred   genotype occurs*______________________________________20      10          14           3 × 10.sup.-524      12          16           2 × 10.sup.-528      14          18           1 × 10.sup.-532      16          20           8 × 10.sup.-636      18          22           5 × 10.sup.-640      20          24           3 × 10.sup.-644      22          26           2 × 10.sup.-648      24          28           1 × 10.sup.-6______________________________________ *Probability that a useful combination exists, does not include the probability of identifying this combination if it does exist. 
    
     The possibility of having a usably high probability of being able to identify this genotype based on replicated field testing would be most likely smaller than this, and is a function of how large a population of genotypes is tested and how testing resources are allocated in the testing program. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the invention, there is provided a hybrid maize plant, designated as 34E79, produced by crossing two Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. proprietary inbred maize lines. This invention thus relates to the hybrid seed 34E79, the hybrid plaint produced from the seed, and variants, mutants and trivial modifications of hybrid 34E79. This hybrid maize plant is characterized by excellent yield, especially in low to mid-yield environments. Hybrid 34E79 has superior brittle stalk resistance, excellent stalk strength and exceptional staygreen. It has a short stature with slightly below average ear placement and early flowering, allowing adaptation further north. Hybrid 34E79 is best adapted for the Central Corn Belt, Northcentral U.S., Northeast U.S., Western U.S. and the U.S. Drylands. Hybrid 34E79&#39;s strong package of agronomic traits make it a superb yellow hybrid. 
     DEFINITIONS 
     In the description and examples that follow, a number of terms are used herein. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided. NOTE: ABS is in absolute terms and %MN is percent of the mean for the experiments in which the inbred or hybrid was grown. These designators will follow the descriptors to denote how the values are to be interpreted. Below are the descriptors used in the data tables included herein. 
     ANT ROT=ANTHRACNOSE STALK ROT (Colletotrichum graminicola). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Anthracnose Stalk Rot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     BAR PLT=BARREN PLANTS. The percent of plants per plot that were not barren (lack ears). 
     BRT STK=BRITTLE STALKS. This is a measure of the stalk breakage near the time of pollination, and is an indication of whether a hybrid or inbred would snap or break near the time of flowering under severe winds. Data are presented as percentage of plants that did not snap in paired comparisons and on a 1 to 9 scale (9=highest resistance) in Characteristics Charts. 
     BU ACR=YIELD (BUSHELS/ACRE). Yield of the grain at harvest in bushels per acre adjusted to 15.5% moisture. 
     CLN=CORN LETHAL NECROSIS (synergistic interaction of maize chlorotic mottle virus (MCMV) in combination with either maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV-A or MDMV-B) or wheat streak mosaic virus (WSMV)). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Corn Lethal Necrosis. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     COM RST=COMMON RUST (Puccinia sorghi). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Common Rust. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     CRM=COMPARATIVE RELATIVE MATURITY (see PRM). 
     D/D=DRYDOWN. This represents the relative rate at which a hybrid will reach acceptable harvest moisture compared to other hybrids on a 1-9 rating scale. A high score indicates a hybrid that dries relatively fast while a low score indicates a hybrid that dries slowly. 
     D/E=DROPPED EARS. Represented in a 1 to 9 scale in the Characteristics Chart, where 9 is the rating representing the least, or no, dropped ears. 
     DIP ERS=DIPLODIA EAR MOLD SCORES (Diplodia maydis and Diplodia macrospora). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Diplodia Ear Mold. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     DRP EAR=DROPPED EARS. A measure of the number of dropped ears represents the percentage of plants that did not drop ears prior to harvest. 
     D/T=DROUGHT TOLERANCE. This represents a 1-9 rating for drought tolerance and is based on data obtained under stress conditions. A high score indicates good drought tolerance and a low score indicates poor drought tolerance. 
     EAR HT=EAR HEIGHT. The ear height is a measure from the ground to the highest placed developed ear node attachment and is measured in inches. This is represented in a 1 to 9 scale in the Characteristics Chart, where 9 is highest. 
     EAR MLD=General Ear Mold. Visual rating (1-9 score) where a &#34;1&#34; is very susceptible and a &#34;9&#34; is very resistant. This is based on overall rating for ear mold of mature ears without determining the specific mold organism, and may not be predictive for a specific ear mold. 
     EAR SZ=EAR SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating of ear size. The higher the rating the larger the ear size. 
     ECB 1LF=EUROPEAN CORN BORER FIRST GENERATION LEAF FEEDING (Ostrinia nubilalis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to preflowering leaf feeding by first generation European Corn Borer. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     ECB 2IT=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION INCHES OF TUNNELING (Ostrinia nubilalis). Average inches of tunneling per plant in the stalk. 
     ECB 2SC=EUROPEAN CORN BORER SECOND GENERATION (Ostrinia nubilalis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating post flowering degree of stalk breakage and other evidence of feeding by European Corn Borer, Second Generation. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     ECB DPE=EUROPEAN CORN BORER DROPPED EARS (Ostrinia nubilalis). Dropped ears due to European Corn Borer. Percentage of plants that did not drop ears under second generation corn borer infestation. 
     E/G=EARLY GROWTH. This represents a 1 to 9 rating for early growth, scored when two leaf collars are visible. 
     EST CNT=EARLY STAND COUNT. This is a measure of the stand establishment in the spring and represents the number of plants that emerge on per plot basis for the inbred or hybrid. 
     EYE SPT=Eye Spot (Kabatiella zeae or Aureobasidium zeae). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Eye Spot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     FUS ERS=FUSARIUM EAR ROT SCORE (Fusarium moniliforme or Fusarium subglutinans). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Fusarium ear rot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     G/A=GRAIN APPEARANCE. Appearance of grain in the grain tank (scored down for mold, cracks, red streak, etc.). 
     GDU=Growing Degree Units. Using the Barger Heat Unit Theory, that assumes that maize growth occurs in the temperature range 50° F.-86° F. and that temperatures outside this range slow down growth; the maximum daily heat unit accumulation is 36 and the minimum daily heat unit accumulation is 0. The seasonal accumulation of GDU is a major factor in determining maturity zones. 
     GDU PHY=GDU TO PHYSIOLOGICAL MATURITY. The number of growing degree units required for an inbred or hybrid line to have approximately 50 percent of plants at physiological maturity from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger method. 
     GDU SHD=GDU TO SHED. The number of growing degree units (GDUs) or heat units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants shedding pollen and is measured from the time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method, where the heat units for a 24-hour period are: ##EQU1## 
     The highest maximum temperature used is 86° F. and the lowest minimum temperature used is 50° F. For each inbred or hybrid it takes a certain number of GDUs to reach various stages of plant development. 
     GDU SLK=GDU TO SILK. The number of growing degree units required for an inbred line or hybrid to have approximately 50 percent of the plants with silk emergence from time of planting. Growing degree units are calculated by the Barger Method as given in GDU SHD definition. 
     GIB ERS=GIBBERELLA EAR ROT (PINK MOLD) (Gibberella zeae). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Gibberella Ear Rot. A higher scone indicates a higher resistance. 
     GLF SPT=Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Gray Leaf Spot. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     GOS WLT=Goss&#39; Wilt (Corynebacterium nebraskense). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Goss&#39; Wilt. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     GRN APP=GRAIN APPEARANCE. This is a 1 to 9 rating for the general appearance of the shelled grain as it is harvested based on such factors as the color of harvested grain, any mold on the grain, and any cracked grain. High scores indicate good grain quality. 
     H/POP=YIELD AT HIGH DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively high plant densities on 1-9 relative rating system with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to high plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield response, respectively, to increased plant density. 
     HC BLT=HELMINTHOSPORIUM CARBONUM LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium carbonum). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Helminthosporium infection. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     HD SMT=HEAD SMUT (Sphacelotheca reiliana). This score indicates the percentage of plants not infected. 
     INC D/A=GROSS INCOME (DOLLARS PER ACRE). Relative income per acre assuming drying costs of two cents per point above 15.5 percent harvest moisture and current market price per bushel. 
     INCOME/ACRE. Income advantage of hybrid to be patented over other hybrid on per acre basis. 
     INC ADV=GROSS INCOME ADVANTAGE. GROSS INCOME advantage of variety #1 over variety #2. 
     L/POP=YIELD AT LOW DENSITY. Yield ability at relatively low plant densities on a 1-9 relative system with a higher number indicating the hybrid responds well to low plant densities for yield relative to other hybrids. A 1, 5, and 9 would represent very poor, average, and very good yield response, respectively, to low plant density. 
     MDM CPX=MAIZE DWARF MOSAIC COMPLEX (MDMV=Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus and MCDV=Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Maize Dwarf Mosaic Complex. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     MST=HARVEST MOISTURE. The moisture is the actual percentage moisture of the grain at harvest. 
     MST ADV=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE. The moisture advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by: MOISTURE of variety #2--MOISTURE of variety #1=MOISTURE ADVANTAGE of variety #1. 
     NLF BLT=Northern Leaf Blight (Helminthosporium turcicum or Exserohilum turcicum). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Northern Leaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     PHY CRM=CRM at physiological maturity. 
     PLT HT=PLANT HEIGHT. This is a measure of the height of the plant from the ground to the tip of the tassel in inches. This is represented as a 1 to 9 scale, 9 highest, in the Characteristics Chart. 
     POL SC=POLLEN SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount of pollen shed. The higher the score the more pollen shed. 
     POL WT=POLLEN WEIGHT. This is calculated by dry weight of tassels collected as shedding commences minus dry weight from similar tassels harvested after shedding is complete. 
     It should be understood that the inbred can, through routine manipulation of cytoplasmic or other factors, be produced in a male-sterile form. Such embodiments are also contemplated within the scope of the present claims. 
     POP K/A=PLANT POPULATIONS. Measured as 1000s per acre. 
     POP ADV=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE. The plant population advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by PLANT POPULATION of variety #2--PLANT POPULATION of variety #1=PLANT POPULATION ADVANTAGE of variety #1. 
     PRM=PREDICTED Relative Maturity. This trait, predicted relative maturity, is based on the harvest moisture of the grain. The relative maturity rating is based on a known set of checks and utilizes standard linear regression analyses and is referred to as the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating System that is similar to the Minnesota Relative Maturity Rating System. 
     PRM SHD=A relative measure of the growing degree units (GDU) required to reach 50% pollen shed. Relative values are predicted values from the linear regression of observed GDU&#39;s on relative maturity of commercial checks. 
     PRO=PROTEIN RATING. Rating on a 1 to 9 scale comparing relative amount of protein in the grain compared to hybrids of similar maturity. A &#34;1&#34; score difference represents a 0.4 point change in grain protein percent (e.g., 8.0% to 8.4%). 
     P/Y=PROTEIN/YIELD RATING. Indicates, on a 1 to 9 scale, the economic value of a hybrid for swine and poultry feeders. This takes into account the income clue to yield, moisture and protein content. 
     ROOTS (%)=Percent of stalks NOT root lodged at harvest. 
     R/L=ROOT LODGING. A 1 to 9 rating indicating the level of root lodging resistance. The higher score represents higher levels of resistance. 
     RT LDG=ROOT LODGING. Root lodging is the percentage of plants that do not root lodge; plants that lean from the vertical axis as an approximately 30° angle or greater would be counted as root lodged. 
     RTL ADV=ROOT LODGING ADVANTAGE. The root lodging advantage of variety #1 over variety #2. 
     S/L=STALK LODGING. A 1 to 9 rating indicating the level of stalk lodging resistance. The higher scores represent higher levels of resistance. 
     SCT GRN=SCATTER GRAIN. A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the amount of scatter grain (lack of pollination or kernel abortion) on the ear. The higher the score the less scatter grain. 
     SDG VGR=SEEDLING VIGOR. This is the visual rating (1 to 9) of the amount of vegetative growth after emergence at the seedling stage (approximately five leaves). A higher score indicates better vigor. 
     SEL IND=SELECTION INDEX. The selection index gives a single measure of the hybrid&#39;s worth based on information for up to five traits. A maize breeder may utilize his or her own set of traits for the selection index. One of the traits that is almost always included is yield. The selection index data presented in the tables represent the mean value averaged across testing stations. 
     SLF BLT=SOUTHERN LEAF BLIGHT (Helminthosporium maydis or Bipolaris maydis). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Southern Leaf Blight. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     SLK CRM=CRM at Silking. 
     SOU RST=SOUTHERN RUST (Puccinia polysora) A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Southern Rust. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     STA GRN=STAY GREEN. Stay green is the measure of plant health near the time of black layer formation (physiological maturity). A high score indicates better late-season plant health. 
     STAND (%)=Percent of stalks standing at harvest. 
     STD ADV=STALK STANDING ADVANTAGE. The advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 for the trait STK CNT. 
     STK CNT=NUMBER OF PLANTS. This is the final stand or number of plants per plot. 
     STK LDG=STALK LODGING. This is the percentage of plants that did not stalk lodge (stalk breakage) as measured by either natural lodging or pushing the stalks and determining the percentage of plants that break below the ear. 
     STW WLT=Stewarts Wilt (Erwinia stewartii). A 1 to 9 visual rating indicating the resistance to Stewart&#39;s Wilt. A higher score indicates a higher resistance. 
     TAS BLS=TASSEL BLAST. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to measure the degree of blasting (necrosis due to heat stress) of the tassel at the time of flowering. A 1 would indicate a very high level of blasting at time of flowering, while a 9 would have no tassel blasting. 
     TAS SZ=TASSEL SIZE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate the relative size of the tassel. The higher the rating the larger the tassel. 
     TAS WT=TASSEL WEIGHT. This is the average weight of a tassel (grams) just prior to pollen shed. 
     TEX EAR=EAR TEXTURE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to indicate the relative hardness (smoothness of crown) of mature grain. A 1 would be very soft (extreme dent) while a 9 would be very hard (flinty or very smooth crown). 
     TIL LER=TILLERS. A count of the number of tillers per plot that could possibly shed pollen was taken. Data is given as a percentage of tillers: number of tillers per plot divided by number of plants per plot. 
     TST WT (CHARACTERISTICS CHART)=Test weight on a 1 to 9 rating scale with a 9 being the highest rating. 
     TST WT=TEST WEIGHT (UNADJUSTED). The measure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel). 
     TST WTA=TEST WEIGHT ADJUSTED. The measure of the weight of the grain in pounds for a given volume (bushel) adjusted for 15.5 percent moisture. 
     TSW ADV=TEST WEIGHT ADVANTAGE. The test weight advantage of variety #1 over variety #2. 
     WIN M%=PERCENT MOISTURE WINS. 
     WIN Y%=PERCENT YIELD WINS. 
     YLD=YIELD. It is the same as BU ACR ABS. 
     YLD ADV=YIELD ADVANTAGE. The yield advantage of variety #1 over variety #2 as calculated by: YIELD of variety #1--YIELD variety #2=yield advantage of variety #1. 
     YLD SC=YIELD SCORE. A 1 to 9 visual rating was used to give a relative rating for yield based on plot ear piles. The higher the rating the greater visual yield appearance. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Pioneer Brand Hybrid 34E79 is a single cross, yellow, dent hybrid. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates excellent yield, with superior brittle stalk resistance, excellent stalk strength and exceptional staygreen. Hybrid 34E79 is short-statured, with low ear placement and early flowering for its relative maturity. Hybrid 34E79 can be used to produce hybrids of approximately 110 relative maturity based on the Comparative Relative Maturity Rating System for harvest moisture of grain. 
     This hybrid has the following characteristics based on the data collected primarily at Johnston, Iowa. 
     
                                           TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________VARIETY DESCRIPTION INFORMATIONVARIETY = 34E79__________________________________________________________________________1. TYPE: (describe intermediate types in Comments section):__________________________________________________________________________2    1 = Sweet 2 = Dent 3 = Flint 4 = Flour 5 = Pop 6 = Ornamental2. MATURITY:DAYS    HEAT UNITS__________________________________________________________________________070     1,234.5 From emergence to 50% of plants in silk071     1,252.0 From emergence to 50% of plants in pollen004     0,080.0 From 10% to 90% pollen shed070     1,211.5 From 50% silk to harvest at 25% moisture                                Standard                                     Sample3. PLANT:                            Deviation                                     Size__________________________________________________________________________0,260.0 cm    Plant Height (to tassel tip)                                14.14                                     20,105.5 cm    Ear Height (to base of top ear node)                                4.95 20,016.7 cm    Length of Top Ear Internode 0.14 101        Average Number of Tillers   0.00 21.0      Average Number of Ears per Stalk                                0.00 21.0      Anthocyanin of Brace Roots: 1 = Absent 2 = Faint    3 = Moderate 4 = Dark                                Standard                                     Sample4. LEAF:                             Deviation                                     Size__________________________________________________________________________010.2 cm Width of Ear Node Leaf      0.00 10090.0 cm Length of Ear Node Leaf     0.85 10043.0    Number of leaves above top ear                                0.28 1006.0     Degrees Leaf Angle (measure from 2nd leaf above                                2.83 2    ear at anthesis to stalk above leaf)03       Leaf Color                  Dark Green (Munsell                                              5GY341.0      Leaf Sheath Pubescence (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = like    peach fuzz)5.5      Marginal Waves (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = many)6.0      Longitudinal Creases (Rate on scale from 1 = none to 9 = many)                                Standard                                     Sample5. TASSEL:                           Deviation                                     Size__________________________________________________________________________05.6     Number of Primary Lateral Branches                                1.13 10033.5    Branch Angle from Central Spike                                14.85                                     263.3 cm  Tassel Length (from top leaf collar to tassel tip)                                5.80 27.0      Pollen Shed (rate on scale from 0 = male sterile to 9 = heavy    shed).11       Anther Color                Pink (Munsell code)14       Glume Color                 Red (Munsell code)1.0      Bar Glumes (Glume Bands): 1 = Absent 2 = Present23       Peduncle Length (cm. from top leaf to basal branches)6a. EAR (Unhusked Data):__________________________________________________________________________11       Silk Color (3 days after emergence)                                Pink (Munsell code)                                              10RP462        Fresh Husk Color (25 days after 50% silking)                                Medium Green (Munsell                                              5GY6621       Dry Husk Color (65 days after 50% silking)                                Buff (Munsell code)                                              2.5Y8.541        Position of Ear at Dry Husk Stage: 1 = Upright 2 = Horizontal 3    = Pendant                                 Upright6        Husk Tightness (Rate of Scale from 1 = very loose to 9 = very    tight)2        Husk Extension (at harvest): 1 = Short (ears exposed) 2 = Medium    (&lt;8 cm)    3 = Long (8-10 cm beyond ear tip) 4 = Very Long (&gt;10                                              Medium                                Standard                                     Sample6b. EAR (Husked Ear Data):           Deviation                                     Size__________________________________________________________________________19 cm    Ear Length                  2.12 1047 mm    Ear Diameter at mid-point   0.00 10199 gm   Ear Weight                  17.68                                     1015       Number of Kernel Rows       1.41 102        Kernel Rows: 1 = Indistinct 2 = Distinct  Distinct1        Row Alignment: 1 = Straight 2 = Slightly  Straight    Curved 3 = Spiral10 cm    Shank Length                0.71 102        Ear Taper: 1 = Slight 2 = Average 3 = Extreme                                              Average                                Standard                                     Sample7. KERNEL (Dried):                   Deviation                                     Size__________________________________________________________________________13 mm    Kernel Length               0.00 108 mm     Kernel Width                0.00 105 mm     Kernel Thickness            0.71 108        % Round Kernels (Shape Grade)                                0.71 21        Aleurone Color Pattern: 1 = Homozygous 2 = Segregating                                              Homozygous7        Aluerone Color              Yellow (Munsell code)                                              10YR7127        Hard Endosperm Color        Yellow (Munsell code)                                              10YR6123        Endosperm Type:             Normal Starch    1 = Sweet (Su1) 2 = Extra Sweet (sh2) 3 = Normal Starch    4 = High Amylose Starch 5 = Waxy Starch 6 = High Protein    7 = High Lysine 8 = Super Sweet (se) 9 = High Oil    10 = Other_______35 gm    Weight per 100 Kernels (unsized sample)                                0.71 2                                Standard                                     Sample8. COB:                              Deviation                                     Size__________________________________________________________________________24 mm    Cob Diameter at mid-point   0.00 1014       Cob Color                   Red (Munsell code)                                              10R36    Cob Strength 1 = Weak 2 = Strong9. DISEASE RESISTANCE (Rate from 1 (most susceptible) to 9 (mostresistant); leave blankif not tested; leave Race or Strain Options blank if polygenic):__________________________________________________________________________A. Leaf Blights, Wilts, and Local Infection Diseases  Anthracnose Leaf Blight (Colletotrichum graminicola)6      Common Rust (Puccinia sorghi)  Common Smut (Ustilago6      Eyespot (Kabatiella zeae)  maydis)8      Goss&#39;s Wilt (Clavibacter michiganense spp. nebraskense)4      Gray Leaf Spot (Cercospora zeae-maydis)  Helminthosporium Leaf Spot (Bipolaris zeicola) Race______5      Northern Leaf Blight (Exserohilum turcicum)  Race______6      Southern Leaf Blight (Bipolaris maydis)  Race______5      Southern Rust (Puccinia polysora)7      Stewart&#39;s Wilt (Erwinia stewartii)  Other (Specify) ______B. Systemic Diseases5      Corn Lethal Necrosis (MCMV and MDMV)  Head Smut (Sphacelotheca reiliana)  Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus (MDV)  Maize Chlorotic Mottle Virus (MCMV)  Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus (MDMV)  Sorghum Downy Mildew of Corn (Peronosclerospora sorghi)  Other (Specify) ______C. Stalk Rots3      Anthracnose Stalk Rot (Colletotrichum graminicola)  Diplodia Stalk, Rot (Stenocarpella maydis)  Fusarium Stalk Rot (Fusarium moniliforme)  Gibberella Stalk Rot (Gibberella zeae)  Other (Specify) ______D. Ear and Kernel Rots  Aspergillus Ear and Kernel Rot (Aspergillus flavus)3      Diplodia Ear Rot (Stenocarpella maydis)5      Fusarium Ear and Kernel Rot (Fusarium moniliforme)5      Gibberella Ear Rot (Gibberella zeae)  Other (Specify) ______  Banks grass Mite (Oligonychus pratensis)  Corn Worm (Helicoverpa zea)  Leaf Feeding  Silk Feeding  mg larval wt.  Ear Damage  Corn Leaf Aphid (Rhopalosiphum maidis)  Corn Sap Beetle (Carpophilus dimidiatus  European Corn Borer (Ostrinia nubilalis)4      1st Generation (Typically Whorl Leaf Feeding)6      2nd Generation (Typically Leaf Sheath-Collar Feeding)  Stalk Tunneling  cm tunneled/plant  Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera fruqiperda)  Leaf Feeding  Silk Feeding  mg larval wt.  Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamaize  Northern Rootworm (Diabrotica barberi)  Southern Rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata)  Southwestern Corn Borer (Diatreaea grandiosella)  Leaf Feeding  Stalk Tunneling  cm tunneled/plant  Two-spotted Spider Mite (Tetranychus urticae)  Western Rootworm (Diabrotica virgifrea virgifera)  Other (Specify) ______11. AGRONOMIC TRAITS:__________________________________________________________________________5       Staygreen (at 65 days after anthesis)(Rate on a scale from 1 =   worst to   excellent)1.0     % Dropped Ears (at 65 days after anthesis)   % Pre-anthesis Brittle Snapping   % Pre-anthesis Root Lodging9.8     Post-anthesis Root Lodging (at 65 days after anthesis)10,520  Kg/ha Yield (at 12-13% grain moisture)__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     Research Comparisons for Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 
     Comparisons of characteristics for Pioneer Brand Hybrid 34E79 were made against Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3375, 3394, 3489 and 3525. 
     Table 2A compares Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 and Pioneer Hybrid 3375. The results show that both hybrids are above average yielding and Hybrid 34E79 is higher yielding than Hybrid 3375. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates significantly lower harvest moisture and significantly higher test weight than Hybrid 3375. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates significantly better staygreen with above average and significantly better resistance to stalk lodging than Hybrid 3375. Both hybrids demonstrate better than average brittle stalk resistance. Hybrid 34E79 is significantly shorter than Hybrid 3375 and lower than average ear placement. Hybrid 34E79 flowers significantly earlier (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) than Hybrid 3375 and significantly earlier than average. 
     Table 2B compares Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 and Pioneer Hybrid 3394. The results show that Hybrid 34E79 is above average yielding. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates significantly better and above average staygreen and significantly better and above average resistance to stalk lodging. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates above average and better brittle stalk resistance than Hybrid 3394. Hybrid 34E79 is shorter than average and significantly shorter than Hybrid 3394. Hybrid 34E79 has lower than average plant height and ear placement and has significantly lower values for both traits than Hybrid 3394. Hybrid 34E79 flowers (GDLI Shed and GDU Silk) earlier than average and significantly earlier than Hybrid 3394. Hybrid 34 E79 exhibits significantly better resistance to Gray Leaf Spot than Hybrid 3394. 
     Table 2C compares Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 and Pioneer Hybrid 3489. The results show that Hybrid 34E79 is above average yielding and significantly higher yielding than Hybrid 3489. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates significantly better and above average staygreen. Hybrid 34E79 has above average and significantly better resistance to stalk lodging when compared to Hybrid 3489. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates above average and better brittle stalk resistance when compared to Hybrid 3489. Hybrid 34E79 is shorter than average and significantly shorter than Hybrid 3489. Hybrid 34E79 has lower than average ear placement. However, Hybrid 34E79 has significantly higher ear placement when compared to Hybrid 3489. Hybrid 34E79 flowers (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) earlier than average and significantly earlier than Hybrid 3489. Hybrid 34E79 also demonstrates very good resistance to Goss&#39; Wilt and Stewart&#39;s Wilt. 
     Table 2D compares Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 and Pioneer Hybrid 3525. The results show that Hybrid 34E79 is above average yielding and significantly better yielding than Hybrid 3525. Hybrid 34E79 demonstrates above average and significantly better staygreen when compared to Hybrid 3525. Hybrid 34E79 has above average and significantly better resistance to stalk lodging when compared to Hybrid 3525. Both hybrids demonstrate above average brittle stalk resistance. Hybrid 34E79 is shorter than average and significantly shorter than Hybrid 3525. Hybrid 34E79 has lower than average ear placement and has significantly lower ear placement than Hybrid 3525. Hybrid 34E79 flowers (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) earlier than average and significantly earlier than Hybrid 3525. Hybrid 34E79 exhibits very good resistance to Goss&#39; Wilt and Stewart&#39;s Wilt. 
     Table 2E compares Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 and Pioneer Hybrid 34G81. The results show that Hybrid 34E79 is above average yielding and better yielding than Hybrid 34G81. Hybrids 34E79 and 34G81 have above average stay green and resistance to brittle snap (BRT STK). Both Hybrids 34E79 and 34G81 are above average in resistance to stalk lodging and Hybrid 34E79 is significantly more resistant than Hybrid 34G81. Hybrids 34E79 and 34G81 are earlier to flower (GDU Shed and GDU Silk) than average. Hybrid 34E79 and Hybrid 34G81 are both shorter than average. Also both Hybrids 34E79 and 34G81 have lower than average ear placement. Hybrid 34E79 exhibits good resistance to Goss&#39; Wilt and Stewart&#39;s Wilt. 
     
                                           TABLE 2A__________________________________________________________________________HYBRID COMPARISON REPORTVARIETY #1 = 34E79VARIETY #2 = 3375__________________________________________________________________________          PRM BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU      PRM SHD ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD      ABS ABS ABS % MN                      % MN                          ABS % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   110 106 158.6                  106 102 55.9                              93  98  97  2   110 110 154.2                  102 105 55.1                              112 100 100  LOCS      34  36  113 113 116 74  85  111 53  REPS      34  36  132 132 136 86  102 135 63  DIFF      1   3   4.4 4   2   0.7 18  2   4  PR &gt; T      .033+          .000#              .027+                  .004#                      .001#                          .003#                              .000#                                  .098*                                      .000#__________________________________________________________________________      GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN      SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP      % MN          % MN              % MN                  % MN                      % MN                          % MN                              % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   98  99  95  97  93  111 107 104 103  2   101 100 102 103 97  93  99  108 102  LOCS      33  192 66  65  36  62  81  20  7  REPS      37  260 75  73  42  73  93  37  7  DIFF      3   1   7   6   4   18  8   4   1  PR &gt; T      .000#          .171              .000#                  .000#                      .258                          .000#                              .000#                                  .114                                      .916__________________________________________________________________________      DRP GLF NLF SLF GOS STW ANT HD      EAR SPT BLT BLT WLT WLT ROT SMT CLN      % MN          ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   100 3.0 4.8 4.8 7.5 6.5 3.2 97.6                                      3.5  2   99  2.9 3.5 6.3 7.0 3.0 4.0 100.0                                      4.0  LOCS      40  13  5   3   2   2   3   1   1  REPS      45  21  10  6   4   2   6   2   2  DIFF      1   0.1 1.3 1.5 0.5 3.5 0.8 2.4 0.5  PR &gt; T      .036+          .747              .065*                  .286                      .500                          .090*                              .130__________________________________________________________________________      FUS COM SOU ECB ECB ECB      ERS RST RST DPE 1LF 2SC      ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   5.5 6.0 5.0 97.5                      3.5 4.1  2   6.5 5.5 5.0 98.5                      2.0 3.3  LOCS      1   1   1   3   2   9  REFS      2   2   1   3   2   9  DIFF      1.0 0.5 0.0 1.0 1.5 0.8  PR &gt; T          .423                      .205                          .174__________________________________________________________________________ *= 10% SIG += 5% SIG #= 1% SIG 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2B__________________________________________________________________________HYBRID COMPARISON REPORTVARIETY #1 = 34E79VARIETY #2 = 3394__________________________________________________________________________          PRM BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU      PRM SHD ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD      ABS ABS ABS % MN                      % MN                          ABS % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   110 106 168.7                  103 102 55.8                              92  99  97  2   109 112 165.2                  100 99  56.1                              125 102 103  LOCS      58  53  212 212 218 120 148 183 85  REPS      58  53  247 247 256 136 178 210 99  DIFF      1   5   3.5 3   3   0.3 32  4   6  PR &gt; T      .000#          .000#              .018+                  .001#                      .000#                          .028+                              .000#                                  .000#                                      .000#__________________________________________________________________________      GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN      SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP      % MN          % MN              % MN                  % MN                      % MN                          % MN                              % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   98  99  94  95  97  114 105 104 105  2   102 101 98  103 107 99  101 98  103  LOCS      54  389 131 130 68  128 144 25  24  REPS      62  476 147 145 84  145 171 37  24  DIFF      4   2   4   8   10  15  4   5   2  PR &gt; T      .000#          .000#              .000#                  .000#                      .001#                          .000#                              .000#                                  .082*                                      .617__________________________________________________________________________      DRP GLF NLF SLF GOS STW ANT HD      EAR SPT BLT BLT WLT WLT ROT SMT CLN      % MN          ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   100 3.2 5.0 5.3 7.7 6.5 3.2 92.9                                      3.5  2   99  2.3 5.1 5.0 7.8 6.5 3.0 93.9                                      3.5  LOCS      77  26  11  4   3   2   3   3   1  REPS      85  41  22  8   6   2   6   8   2  DIFF      0   1.0 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.2 1.0 0.0  PR &gt; T      .999          .000#              .844                  .604                      .742                          .999                              .423                                  .766__________________________________________________________________________      FUS GIB DIP EYE COM SOU ECB ECB ECB      ERS ERS ERS SPT RST RST DPE 1LF 2SC      ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   5.5 5.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 98.7                                  3.5 5.3  2   4.0 8.0 8.0 4.5 4.5 3.0 99.7                                  1.5 4.9  LOCS      1   1   1   2   1   1   7   2   17  REFS      2   1   1   2   2   1   7   2   22  DIFF      1.5 3.0 5.0 1.5 1.5 2.0 1.1 2.0 0.4  PR &gt; T          .205        .226                                  .000#                                      .400__________________________________________________________________________ *= 10% SIG += 5% SIG #= 1% SIG 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2C__________________________________________________________________________HYBRID COMPARISON REPORTVARIETY #1 = 34E79VARIETY #2 = 3489__________________________________________________________________________          PRM BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU      PRM SHD ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD      ABS ABS ABS % MN                      % MN                          ABS % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   110 106 169.5                  105 103 55.7                              92  99  97  2   109 109 162.4                  100 100 55.8                              84  99  100  LOCS      56  52  182 182 188 114 145 186 84  REPS      56  52  212 212 221 130 173 214 96  DIFF      1   2   7.2 5   3   0.1 8   0   3  PR &gt; T      .001#          .000#              .000#                  .000#                      .000#                          .588                              .000#                                  .999                                      .000#__________________________________________________________________________      GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN      SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP      % MN          % MN              % MN                  % MN                      % MN                          % MN                              % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   98  99  95  96  97  114 106 104 105  2   101 100 101 88  112 100 99  88  96  LOCS      53  331 122 121 65  123 128 26  24  REPS      60  420 136 134 78  139 151 45  24  DIFF      3   0   6   8   15  14  7   15  8  PR &gt; T      .000#          .999              .000#                  .000#                      .001#                          .001#                              .000#                                  .016+                                      .093*__________________________________________________________________________      DRP GLF NLF SLF GOS STW ANT HD      EAR SPT BLT BLT WLT WLT ROT SMT CLN      % MN          ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   100 3.2 4.9 5.3 7.7 6.5 3.2 92.9                                      3.5  2   100 3.4 3.9 4.3 7.8 4.5 2.5 100.0                                      5.5  LOCS      64  26  10  4   3   2   3   3   1  REPS      71  41  19  8   6   2   6   8   2  DIFF      1   0.1 1.0 1.0 0.2 2.0 0.7 7.1 2.0  PR &gt; T      .001#          .465              .013+                  .252                      .423                          .000#                              .578                                  .278__________________________________________________________________________      FUS DIP EYE COM SOU ECB ECB     ECB      ERS ERS SPT RST RST DPE 1LF     2SC      ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS     ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   5.5 3.0 6.0 6.0 5.0 98.7                              3.5     5.4  2   5.0 8.0 6.5 5.0 5.0 100.0                              2.5     4.8  LOCS      1   1   2   1   1   7   2       16  REFS      2   1   2   2   1   7   2       21  DIFF      0.5 5.0 0.5 1.0 0.0 1.3 1.0     0.7  PR &gt; T      .795        .249                              .000#   .038+__________________________________________________________________________ *10% SIG +5% SIG #1% SIG 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2D__________________________________________________________________________HYBRID COMPARISON REPORTVARIETY #1 = 34E79VARIETY #2 = 3525__________________________________________________________________________          PRM BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU      PRM SHD ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD      ABS ABS ABS % MN                      % MN                          ABS % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   110 106 168.1                  108 105 55.4                              93  101 98  2   106 111 157.0                  100 96  55.5                              114 105 102  LOCS      30  36  122 122 124 80  76  94  57  REPS      30  36  135 135 138 88  91  104 64  DIFF      4   5   11.1                  8   9   0.1 21  3   5  PR &gt; T      .000#          .000#              .000#                  .000#                      .000#                          .486                              .000#                                  .002#                                      .000#__________________________________________________________________________      GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN      SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP      % MN          % MN              % MN                  % MN                      % MN                          % MN                              % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   98  100 95  97  99  124 107 107 106  2   101 102 103 108 100 100 97  105 95  LOCS      36  174 73  72  51  62  97  9   20  REPS      41  217 81  79  61  66  110 14  20  DIFF      2   2   8   11  1   24  10  2   11  PR &gt; T      .000#          .013+              .000#                  .000#                      .735                          .000#                              .000#                                  .285                                      .016+__________________________________________________________________________      DRP GLF NLF SLF GOS STW ANT HD      EAR SPT BLT BLT WLT WLT ROT SMT CLN      % MN          ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   100 3.2 4.8 5.3 7.7 6.5 3.2 92.9                                      3.5  2   100 2.8 5.8 4.3 7.2 5.0 3.0 97.1                                      3.5  LOCS      57  16  9   4   3   2   3   3   1  REPS      65  27  18  8   6   2   6   8   2  DIFF      0   0.4 1.1 1.0 0.5 1.5 0.2 4.2 0.0  PR &gt; T      .999          .200              .042+                  .092*                      .580                          .205                              .667                                  .317__________________________________________________________________________      FUS DIP EYE COM ECB ECB ECB      ERS ERS SPT RST DPE 1LF 2SC      ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   5.5 3.0 6.0 6.0 98.7                          3.5 4.9  2   5.5 4.0 5.0 4.5 99.5                          3.0 4.1  LOCS      1   1   2   1   7   2   10  REFS      2   1   2   2   7   2   10  DIFF      0.0 1.0 1.0 1.5 0.8 0.5 0.8  PR &gt; T      .000#   .197                          .500                              .037+__________________________________________________________________________ *10% SIG +5% SIG #1% SIG 
    
     
                                           TABLE 2E__________________________________________________________________________HYBRID COMPARISON REPORTVARIETY #1 = 34E79VARIETY #2 = 34G81__________________________________________________________________________          PRM BU  BU      TST SDG EST GDU      PRM SHD ACR ACR MST WT  VGR CNT SHD      ABS ABS ABS % MN                      % MN                          ABS % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   109 107 164.5                  105 103 55.8                              93  98  97  2   107 108 161.3                  103 95  56.2                              89  98  98  LOCS      32  40  115 115 120 77  102 116 65  REPS      32  40  143 143 150 87  136 148 81  DIFF      2   1   3.1 2   8   0.4 4   0   1  PR &gt; T      .000#          .000#              .079*                  .081*                      .000#                          .043+                              .090*                                  .999                                      .000#__________________________________________________________________________      GDU STK PLT EAR RT  STA STK BRT GRN      SLK CNT HT  HT  LDG GRN LDG STK APP      % MN          % MN              % MN                  % MN                      % MN                          % MN                              % MN                                  % MN                                      % MN__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   98  99  95  97  97  112 106 104 101  2   98  100 96  96  95  107 104 108 95  LOCS      44  214 88  87  50  60  90  21  11  REPS      53  307 107 105 67  76  114 40  11  DIFF      0   1   2   1   2   5   3   4   6  PR &gt; T      .999          .310              .003#                  .403                      .679                          .288                              .009#                                  .172                                      .350__________________________________________________________________________      DRP GLF NLF SLF GOS STW ANT HD      EAR SPT BLT BLT WLT WLT ROT SMT CLN      % MN          ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   100 3.3 5.0 5.3 7.7 6.5 2.8 92.9                                      3.5  2   102 4.0 6.9 5.0 8.0 5.5 3.5 100.0                                      2.0  LOCS      44  24  11  4   3   2   3   3   1  REPS      50  36  22  8   6   2   5   8   2  DIFF      2   0.7 1.9 0.3 0.3 1.0 0.7 7.1 1.5  PR &gt; T      .243          .010+              .001#                  .604                      .423                          .500                              .270                                  .278__________________________________________________________________________      FUS DIP EYE COM ECB ECB ECB      ERS ERS SPT RST DPE 1LF 2SC      ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS ABS__________________________________________________________________________TOTAL SUM  1   5.5 3.0 6.0 5.0 97.5                          3.5 4.9  2   3.5 2.0 6.0 5.0 98.6                          3.5 4.5  LOCS      1   1   1   1   3   2   15  REFS      2   1   2   1   3   2   20  DIFF      2.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.4  PR &gt; T              .680                          .999                              .217__________________________________________________________________________ *10% SIG +5% SIG #1% SIG 
    
     Strip Test Data for Hybrid 34E79 
     Comparison data was collected from strip tests that were grown by farmers. Each hybrid was grown in strips of 4, 6, 8, 12, etc. rows in fields depending on the size of the planter used. The data was collected from strip tests that had the hybrids in the same area and weighed. The moisture percentage was determined and bushels per acre was adjusted to 15.5 percent moisture. The number of comparisons represent the number of locations or replications for the two hybrids that were grown in the same field in close proximity and compared. 
     Table 3 compares the 1996 performance of Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 and Pioneer Hybrids 3489, 3394, 3375, 3525, 34G81, and the weighted average. 
     When compared with Hybrid 3489, Hybrid 34E79 has significantly better standability and significantly higher test weight. 
     When compared with Hybrid 3394, Hybrid 34E79 is significantly higher yielding, has higher test weight and generates significantly higher income per acre. Hybrid 34E79 also has significantly better standability than Hybrid 3394. 
     When compared with Hybrid 3375, Hybrid 34E79 is higher yielding, has a higher test weight and generates significantly higher income per acre. Hybrid 34E79 also has lower moisture and better standability than Hybrid 3375. Hybrid 34E79 has a higher population density (Pop K/Acre) than Hybrid 3375. 
     When compared with Hybrid 3525, Hybrid 34E79 is higher yielding and generates significantly higher income per acre. Hybrid 34E79 also has significantly better standability and better roots. 
     When compared with Hybrid 34G81, Hybrid 34E79 has good standability and roots and comparable yields. Hybrid 34E79 has a significantly higher population density (Pop K/Acre) than Hybrid 34G81. 
     When compared with the weighted average, Hybrid 34E79 is significantly higher yielding and generates significantly higher income per acre. Hybrid 34E79 also has a significantly higher population density (Pop K/Acre) and better standability than the weighted average. There was no significant difference in test weight between the weighted average and Hybrid34E79. 
     
                                           TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________1996 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON REPORT FOR CORN1 YEAR SUMMARY OF ALL STANDARD TEST TYPES                Income                    Pop Stand                           Roots                              TestBrand      Product          Yield             Moist                /Acre                    K/Acre                        (%)                           (%)                              Wt__________________________________________________________________________PIONEER    34E79          172.6             22.0                495.12                    25.9                        93 95 56.0PIONEER    3489          174.4             21.8                501.15                    25.9                        90 99 55.6Advantage      -1.8             -0.2                -6.03                    0.0 3  -4 0.4Number of Comparisons          328             328                328 188 118                           92 268Percent Wins   47 39 48  38  42 1  51Probability of Difference          97 99 99  2   99 99 99PIONEER    34E79          172.0             22.1                492.90                    26.0                        94 96 55.9PIONEER    3394          166.1             21.6                478.12                    26.0                        91 99 55.8Advantage      5.9             -0.5                14.78                    0.0 3  -3 0.1Number of Comparisons          343             343                343 207 141                           101                              283Percent Wins   68 25 66  35  46 9  39Probability of Difference          99 99 99  17  99 99 46PIONEER    34E79          175.8             19.7                511.99                    26.1                        93 91 56.8PIONEER    3375          172.9             20.8                499.78                    25.5                        89 97 56.2Advantage      2.9             1.1                12.21                    0.6 4  -6 0.6Number of Comparisons          93 93 93  58  32 22 89Percent Wins   56 79 62  58  62 9  61Probability of Difference          96 99 99  97  93 95 99PIONEER    34E79          173.6             26.3                483.71                    25.4                        95 100                              53.9PIONEER    3525          158.5             23.4                450.45                    25.4                        90 99 54.1Advantage      15.1             -2.9                33.26                    0.0 5  1  -0.2Number of Comparisons          58 58 58  33  28 17 51Percent Wins   79 5  65  45  64 17 41Probability of Difference          99 99 99  4   99 88 62PIONEER    34E79          175.9             23.9                498.54                    26.3                        95 95 54.8PIONEER    34G81          176.9             22.1                507.49                    25.5                        94 97 55.1Advantage      -1.0             -1.8                -8.95                    0.8 1  -2 -0.3Number of Comparisons          174             174                174 103 65 50 141Percent Wins   43 9  37  53  46 12 32Probability of Difference          59 99 99  99  90 92 99PIONEER    34E79          173.5             22.6                495.93                    26.0                        94 95 55.6WEIGHTED AVG   170.7             21.8                490.38                    25.7                        91 98 55.6Advantage      2.8             -0.8                5.55                    0.3 3  -3 0.0Number of Comparisons          1148             1148                1148                    694 462                           344                              956Percent Wins   58 28 55  45  45 8  42Probability of Difference          99 99 99  99  99 99 91__________________________________________________________________________ NOTE: The probability values are useful in analyzing if there is a &#34;real&#34; difference in the genetic potential of the products involved. High values are desirable, with 95% considered significant for real differences. 
    
     Comparison of Key Characteristics for Hybrid 34E79 
     Characteristics of Pioneer Brand Hybrid 34E79 are compared to Pioneer Brand Hybrids 3375, 3394, 3489, 3325 and 34G81 in Table 4. 
     Table 4 shows that Hybrid 34E79 has excellent yield and excellent stay green. Hybrid 34E79 also has excellent resistance to stalk lodging and is superior to Hybrids 3375, 3394, 3489, 3325 and 34G81 in this category. All of the Pioneer Hybrids in Table 4, including 34E79, have above average test weight. Hybrid 34E79 plant height and ear height are lower than the other hybrids and slightly below average. Hybrid 34E79 has superior resistance to brittle snap (BRT STK) which is better than the other hybrids in Table 4 except for Hybrid 3375. Pioneer Hybrid 34E79 is longer in growing degree units to physiological maturity than Hybrids 3375, 3489, 3525 and 34G81. 
     
                                           TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Hybrid Patent Comparisons-CharacteristicsPioneer Hybrid 34E79 vs. Pioneer Hybrids 3375, 3394, 3489, 3525 and__________________________________________________________________________34G81   SILK      PHY         GDU            GDU            STA                              TSTVARIETYCRM   CRM      CRM         SILK            PHY               YLD                  D/D                     S/L                        R/L                           GRN                              WT__________________________________________________________________________34E79110   108      110         1350            2670               9  5  8  5  8  63375 111   110      109         1370            2640               9  7  7  5  7  63394 110   111      111         1390            2690               8  8  7  7  8  63489 108   109      109         1360            2640               9  8  5  7  6  63525 106   109      107         1360            2590               8  8  5  4  7  634G81107   106      106         1320            2560               9  5  6  4  7  6__________________________________________________________________________   PLT      EAR   BRTVARIETYE/G   HT HT D/E            STK__________________________________________________________________________34E794  4  4  5  73375 5  6  6  5  73394 8  5  6  4  43489 4  6  3  6  33525 6  7  8  6  634G815  5  5  5  5__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY 
     This invention includes hybrid maize seed of 34E79 and the hybrid maize plant produced therefrom. The foregoing was set forth by way of example and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. 
     As used herein, the term plant includes plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cell tissue cultures from which maize plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant clumps, and plant cells that are intact in plants, or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen, ovules, flowers, kernels, ears, cobs, leaves, seeds, husks, stalks, roots, root tips, anthers, silk and the like. 
     Duncan, Williams, Zehr, and Widholm, Planta, (1985) 165:322-332 reflects that 97% of the plants cultured which produced callus were capable of plant regeneration. Subsequent experiments with both inbreds and hybrids produced 91% regenerable callus which produced plants. In a further study in 1988, Songstad, Duncan &amp; Widholm in Plant Cell Reports (1988), 7:262-265 reports several media additions which enhance regenerability of callus of two inbred lines. Other published reports also indicated that &#34;nontraditional&#34; tissues are capable of producing somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration. K. P. Rao, et al., Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, 60:64-65 (1986), refers to somatic embryogenesis from glume callus cultures and B. V. Conger, et al., Plant Cell Reports, 6:345-347 (1987) indicates somatic embryogenesis from the tissue cultures of maize leaf segments. Thus, it is clear from the literature that the state of the art is such that these methods of obtaining plants are, and were, &#34;conventional&#34; in the sense that they are routinely used and have a very high rate of success. 
     Tissue culture of maize is described in European Patent Application, publication 160,390, incorporated herein by reference. Maize tissue culture procedures are also described in Green and Rhodes, &#34;Plant Regeneration in Tissue Culture of Maize,&#34; Maize for Biological Research (Plant Molecular Biology Association, Charlottesville, Va. 1982, at 367-372) and in Duncan, et al., &#34;The Production of Callus Capable of Plant Regeneration from Immature Embryos of Numerous Zea Mays Geneotypes,&#34; 165 Planta 322-332 (1985). Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells which upon growth and differentiation produce maize plants having the genotype of 34E79. 
     Maize is used as human food, livestock feed, and as raw material in industry. The food uses of maize, in addition to human consumption of maize kernels, include both products of dry- and wet-milling industries. 
     Maize, including both grain and non-grain portions of the plant, is also used extensively as livestock feed, primarily for beef cattle, dairy cattle, hogs, and poultry. 
     Industrial uses of maize include production of ethanol, maize starch in the wet-milling industry and maize flour in the dry-milling industry The industrial applications of maize starch and flour are based on functional properties, such as viscosity, film formation, adhesive properties, and ability to suspend particles. The maize starch and flour have application in the paper and textile industries. Other industrial uses include applications in adhesives, building materials, foundry binders, laundry starches, explosives, oil-well muds, and other mining applications. 
     Plant parts other than the grain of maize are also used in industry. Stalks and husks are made into paper and wallboard and cobs are used for fuel and to make charcoal. 
     The seed of the hybrid maize plant and various parts of the hybrid maize plant can be utilized for human food, livestock feed, and as a raw material in industry. 
     Although the foregoing invention has been described in some detail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity and understanding, it will be obvious that certain changes and modifications may be practiced within the scope of the invention, as limited only by the scope of the appended claims. 
     DEPOSITS 
     Applicant has made a deposit of at least 2500 seeds of Hybrid Maize Line 34E79 with the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Rockville, Md. 20852 USA, ATCC Deposit No. 209513. The seeds deposited with the ATCC on Dec. 3, 1997 were taken from the deposit maintained by Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc., 700 Capital Square, 400 Locust Street, Des Moines, Iowa 50309-2340 since prior to the filing date of this application. This deposit of the Hybrid Maize Line 34E79 will be maintained in the ATCC depository, which is a public depository, for a period of 30 years, or 5 years after the most recent request, or for the enforceable life of the patent, whichever is longer, and will be replaced if it becomes nonviable during that period. Additionally, Applicant has satisfied all the requirements of 37 C.F.R. §§1.801-1.809, including providing an indication of the viability of the sample. Applicant imposes no restrictions on the availability of the deposited material from the ATCC; however, Applicant has no authority to waive any restrictions imposed by law on the transfer of biological material or its transportation in commerce. Applicant does not waive any infringement of its rights granted under this patent.