Abstract:
A modular, panelized 12-foot wide shelter that has a standard 20-foot length. The shelter has a number of premade frame panels that are assembled over a deck floor. An outer covering of hard, 0.040″ black ABS sheeting, which can be painted, is applied to the frame. The walls, roof arches, and end panels can be insulated to reduce or eliminate condensation. The floor is insulated as a standard feature. Each wall/roof section has one 5,000 pound rated galvanized anchor ring attached for tie-downs in windy locations, if needed. Because the entire shelter fits on a single pallet, it can be transported to remote sites by various methods—trucks, barges, helicopters, or snowmobiles. The shelter can be assembled by two workers in less than a day using simple tools. The structure is designed to be transported by truck, helicopter or snowmobile.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     Not Applicable 
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention relates to portable shelters and particularly to portable shelters made of panels. 
     2. Description of the Prior Art 
     Portable shelters and buildings have been used since the beginning of human history. One of the oldest is the tent. Tents, however, have many problems. They are not comfortable due to the wind and dust entering the tents. Tents are also prone to damage from animals such as bears and from theft from passers-by. Tents also tend to suffer from condensation problems with water forming on the inside of the tent. Tents are not designed for heavy snow loads and consequently must be struck and packed away each winter. Finally, tents are prone to leaking in rain. 
     Over the years people have developed other types of portable shelters that use hard sided-walls. Some of these shelters can be used as permanent remote camps. Some examples of these shelters are found in the following U.S. patents. U.S. Pat. No. 2,407,252 teaches a prefabricated building that uses arch type frame members. However, the construction and assembly is complex and is not designed for simple, fast erection in remote areas. U.S. Pat. No. 3,780,477 is a demountable building that uses arched members to support a fabric cover. Although this shelter has a frame structure, the fabric walls make it a little better than a tent. U.S. Pat. No. 4,118,904 teaches another frame structure that is covered with a stressed membrane cover. The shelter uses a large number of metal arch type members that are erected and covered with fabric. This structure, again, is a supported tent. Moreover, the design makes it complex to assemble, requiring time and workers. This structure is not something ideal for remote sites. U.S. Pat. No. 4,194,328 teaches a large cabin type structure that has arch type framing. This structure however is not really designed for portability or remote locations. U.S. Patent Application No. US 2002/0108646 teaches a compact-all weather shelter. Although the unit is portable, it has a complex frame, is covered by fabric walls and has end gables that are fitted with doors. Such a system is large and not designed as a one or two person system. U.S. Patent Application No. US2009/0217617 teaches a shelter using panel type wall construction. Again, although portable, this shelter uses a complex frame structure that requires delivery in multiple loads and a crew of workers to assemble. 
     Although there are many examples of portable shelters, most of them either use fabric covers or have complex frame structures that require large crews to assemble. Many are portable, but require large trucks to carry the components-making installation in remote, off road locations almost impossible. Thus, a shelter that can be easily transported in one load by a helicopter is needed. This shelter must be assembled quickly, by no more than two people. Finally, the shelter must have integrity to withstand harsh winter conditions and must be designed for permanent occupation. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The instant invention overcomes all of the problems and meets the criteria for a portable shelter, as described above. The shelter is a modular, panelized 12-foot wide shelter that has a standard 20-foot length. The shelter has been designed to support snow depths of 60″ (although with the slope of the building it would be impossible for more than 30″ to accumulate). 
     The shelter has an outer covering of hard, 0.040″ black ABS sheeting that can be painted. The ABS sheeting is applied with 3M VHB bonding tape, so no fasteners are exposed. The 3M VHB tape produces a permanent bond. The ABS sheeting can be field repaired, if needed, with acetone or ABS glue and replacement ABS sheeting pieces. The walls, roof arches, and end panels can be insulated to reduce or eliminate condensation. The floor is insulated as a standard feature. Each wall/roof section has one 5,000 pound rated galvanized anchor ring attached for tie-downs in windy locations, if needed. 
     The shelter has a foam insulated 3′0″×6′8″ entry door with deadbolt and three 3′2′×′0″ single-hung vinyl egress windows. The shelter is shipped on a single pallet that converts into a 6′×12′ front deck. The front deck also doubles as a sun-porch. 
     Because the entire shelter fits on a single pallet, it can be transported to remote sites by various methods—trucks, barges, helicopters, or snowmobiles. 
     The shelter can be assembled by two workers in less than a day. The only tools needed are: a 6′ step ladder, two 6′-12′ extendable paint poles, a level, two large Phillips screwdrivers, one ⅜″ ratchet and ½″ socket, one ½″ end wrench, one shovel, one pick and a cordless screwdriver/drill. 
     If the structure is transported to a remote location by helicopter, the assembly can be done as follows: the first flight takes the two workers, tools and all components from the deck down (foam pier pads, floor panel support planks and floor panels as well as the transportation pallet/front deck. While the helicopter makes the return flight the two workers can level the site for the foam pier blocks and install the floor panel support planks (and possibly the floor panels). When the helicopter returns with the end wall and wall/roof panels (which are held together with 1″ ratchet straps) the workers have everything they need to complete the shelter by the end of the day. 
     If the shelter is transported to a remote site by snowmobile, the individual panels can be placed on a sled and hauled to the site piecemeal as no panel is over 120 pounds. 
     If the shelter is delivered to a road accessible site by truck only a forklift is needed to remove the package from the truck deck and place it close to the building site. No other heavy equipment is required. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  is a front perspective view of the assembled invention. 
         FIG. 2  is a detail of the foundation members. 
         FIG. 3  is a detail of the floor frame. 
         FIG. 4  is a front view of a wall frame member. 
         FIG. 4   a  is a perspective view of a wall member. 
         FIG. 4   b  is a front view of a fully assembled wall section. 
         FIG. 5  is a detail view of a roof truss. 
         FIG. 6  is a front view of the front gable end frame. 
         FIG. 6   a  is a front view of the rear gable end frame. 
         FIG. 7  is a front view of the front gable frame showing the wall sheathing in place on one-half of the frame. 
         FIG. 8  is a detail view of an end wall panel showing a flange that bolts onto the end wall/roof panel to form a weather-tight seal. 
         FIG. 9  is a detail of the connection between two wall adjacent frame members, or the roof member joint connections. 
         FIG. 10  is a front perspective view of shelter with the optional front deck installed. 
         FIG. 11  is a view of the optional front deck. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring now to  FIG. 1 , a front perspective view of the assembled invention is shown. The invention  10  is a but made of preformed wall panels  11 , end panels  12 , which includes a door  13  and a window  14 , a floor  15  (see  FIG. 5 ), and a foundation  16 . As noted above, the shelter is 12 feet by 20 feet long. 
     Beginning at the bottom of the unit,  FIG. 2  is a detail of the foundation, which is also shown in  FIG. 1 . The foundation  16  is made up of a set of base pads  20  and  20   a  that are foam pier pads made of high-density foam—40 pounds per square inch. There are 3, 2′×1′ pads  20  at building ends and support plank junctions and 3, 1′×1′ pads  20   a  at centers of the support planks and at the front edge of the front deck (not shown). There will be a minimum of 6″ of pads supplied at each point. At each pier pad location there will be one pad that has been hot wire cut on a diagonal to allow height adjustment. The worker only has to clear vegetation and level the subsoil prior to placement of the foam pier pads. A level is then used to match the elevations of all pads. Above the foam pads are support planks  21 , which are 1′×12′×4⅛″ thick and weigh less than 50 pounds per plank. Note that for each foundation beam, two planks are used. This produces a four-foot extension (see  FIG. 1 ) on to which a deck can be built (see below). As shown in  FIG. 2 , the planks are preferably made of metal studs and tracks. Each of the planks has a ⅜″ plywood layer  22  on the top, bottom and outside (on building sides. These planks are placed on the foam pier pads. Note,  FIG. 1  shows two planks forming each of the foundation beams. 
     Above this foundation is the floor  15 .  FIG. 3  is a detail of the floor frame. The floor panels are made of structural grade metal framing  24 , which is covered by a ⅜″ thick fir plywood flooring  25  that is fastened with urethane glue and screws. In the preferred embodiment, the plywood is painted with a 30-year warranty latex paint. 
     Each floor panel also has 1″ to 1½″ urethane foam sprayed on the underside for insulation. Each floor panel is twelve feet long by four feet wide and weighs less than 120 pounds so two workers can easily maneuver them into place atop the support planks. Thus, five of the panels are needed for a typical 12′×20′ shelter. Once the panels are in place they are fastened together and down to the foundation using screws to form a solid floor assembly. 
       FIG. 4  is a front view of one of the arched wall/roof frame members  11 , shown in position with relation to the floor  15 . In this figure, the wall section  11  has, in the preferred embodiment, a ridge plate  11   b  and the bottom plate  11   c , which have ¼ inch dados for ribs. Inset pieces (not shown) are glued and stapled. Plates are also glued and stapled. All arched wall panels have let-in bracing  11   a  that doubles as attachment points for beds (standard), counters (standard), and cabinets (optional) as well as providing an excellent hand-hold for lifting. Also, each arched wall panel has a number of holes  11   d  drilled as shown that are used to hold bolts when the wall sections are bolted together, as discussed below. Each wall panel rib is made of ¾ inch type cdx plywood that is cut to 3½ inch width. The arches are cut with CNC machines and include notches  11   a  for interior wall attachments, such as beds and cabinets (not shown). These notches are positioned at 18 inches and 32 inches above the floor in the preferred embodiment. 
     In the preferred embodiment, each arch wall frame member has a height of 10 feet. The curved radius r is 6 foot 0 inches measured from the center of the floor at a height of 3′-8″ above the floor. Wall frame components (ribs, plates and inset pieces) are placed into a jig and fastened together with glue and staples. Then the frame is covered with 5 mm luan underlayment plywood attached with glue and staples. The ‘skin’ of 0.040″ ABS sheeting is applied to the plywood with 3M VHB bonding tape. Then the gaskets at the edges of the wall frames are installed with bonding tape. When assembled, each wall panel consists of a pair of frames and a 4-foot outer skin of the luan and ABS sheeting, as shown in  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b.    
       FIG. 4   a  is a perspective view of one of the arched wall/roof frame members  11 . In this view, the front rib is shown along with the wall siding  11   e . Each arched wall section is four feet wide with two ribs, front and back. The ‘skin’ of 0.040″ ABS sheeting is applied to the luan plywood (see  FIG. 9 ) with 3M VHB bonding tape. 
       FIG. 4   b  is a front view of two of the arched wall/roof frame members  11  assembled. This assembly can be called a full wall section. Here, two of the panels are in place and are joined, as discussed below, at the top and at the floor  15 . 
     Each of the arched combination wall/roof panels  11  weighs less than 100 pounds and is easily handled by two workers. Each panel is placed on the completed ‘deck’ and the bottom of the panel is slid up to the stop strip on the outside edge. Then the panel is lifted up to vertical and the extendable paint poles are placed inside the ridge plate in two locations to hold the panel in place. This stabilizes the wall/roof panel until the opposite wall/roof panel is raised in the same manner. Then while one worker places a 6′ stepladder in the center of the building the second worker gradually lowers the paint poles allowing the two ridge plates  11   b  to contact each other. The workers then align pre-bored holes in the ridge plates and install ¼″bolts (e.g., e.g.,  FIG. 9 ) in each hole. Then the worker anchors the bottom plate by screwing it to the floor with supplied screws. This forms a complete wall section. In this way, each pair of panels is raised until all the wall/roof panels are standing. When all wall/roof panels are standing they are bolted together (though pre-bored holes)  11   d  as shown in  FIG. 9 . 
     Each wall/roof panel includes one 5,000 pound rated anchor ring bolted through the wall structure (not shown). Using this ring you can attach to a concrete weight, a dead man or a knotted rope frozen in permafrost to keep the shelter from blowing away in high wind areas. The shelter&#39;s sloped sides shed wind as effectively as they shed water. 
       FIG. 5  is a detail view of a roof truss  30 . A collar-tie and kingpin components are added creating a simple truss. These are shown in  FIG. 5 . The collar tie  31  is shown connecting to the curved frame members. The “king-pin” vertical member  32  is shown attached to the collar tie and the center of the curved frame top. Note that the area above the truss  33  can be used for storage. 
       FIG. 6  is a front view of the front gable end frame panels  40 . Like the main wall sections, the end wall panels are made up of two pieces  40   a  and  40   b . Each of the panels  40   a  and  40   b , in the preferred embodiment, are 5′ 8½″ wide×9′ 8½″ tall and contain either a 3′0″×6′8″ insulated steel entry door  13  or a 3′2″×4′0″ single-hung, vinyl, egress window  14  (see  FIG. 1 ). To accommodate the door and window, framing members  41  are used for the door and members  42  are used for the window, the placement of which uses standard framing techniques known in the art. In the preferred embodiment, these framing members are 1″×4″ wood. Again, in the preferred embodiment, the radius of the curve for the gable ends is slightly smaller than that of the curved wall frame members. Here, the radius is 5 feet, 8⅜ inches. As measured from the center of the floor, the curve begins at a height of 3′-8″. The gable end arch members are made of ⅜-inch plywood strips that are doubled and laminated to form the arched frame. 
       FIG. 6   a  shows the rear gable end frame  45 , which has two parts  45   a  and  45   b . This end has a bottom plate  46  two windows and associated framing  47 , instead of a window and door as in the front gable. 
       FIG. 7  is a front view of the front gable frame showing the wall sheathing in place on one-half of the frame. The end wall sheathing  48  is preferably ⅜″ plywood covered by the 0.040″ ABS plastic sheeting (see  FIG. 8 ). Note that the wall sheathing extends past the frame on the side and top. This allows the end frame to set inside the final set of wall ribs and to have the sheathing extend over the end wall ribs to make a tight seal, as discussed below. 
     The end wall panels are lifted onto the completed floor panel ‘deck’ at each end after the wall/roof panels have been placed but before they are bolted together. The end wall panel is secured to the floor by screws placed through the bottom plate  43 . These anchor the wall to the deck and once bolts are fully placed, they tie the end wall panel to the well/roof panels creating a ‘monocoque’ shell that is stronger than other construction methods. 
       FIG. 8  is a detail view of an end wall panel showing a flange that bolts onto the end wall/roof panel to form a weather-tight seal. The figure shows the wall frame members  41  at the top of the frame. The wall frame has a top plate  41   a , which, in the preferred embodiment, is made up of two pieces of ⅜″ plywood. Attached to the frame  42  is the outer sheathing  48  that consists of an inner piece of ⅜″ plywood  48   a  and the 0.040″ ABS plastic sheeting  48   b . Note that the sheathing  48  extends beyond the frame, as noted above. The figure also shows a portion of an arched wall panel  11  showing the sheathing (5 mm luan on the inside and the 0.040 ABS on the outside)  11   e  in cross section. It also shows a ridge plate  11   b , e.g., that is ¾″ cdx plywood, as discussed above. The gable is attached to the wall panel with a ¼″ bolt  50  with fender washers  51  and a nut  52 . Note that other bolts are used to tie the sheathing of the end wall frame to the wall section, as noted. The joint is sealed with and “edge grip” rubber seal  53  that is placed over the top end of the end wall sheathing and in between the two joining members, as shown. Note, in this view, a portion of the VHB tape  56  is shown that attaches the, 040 ABS to the ⅜-inch plywood. This tape is made by the 3M corporation of Minneapolis, Minn. 
     As noted above, the two wall sections are secured at the top by a bolted joint. In addition, adjoining wall sections are bolted through at the placed marked  11   d  on  FIGS. 4 ,  4   a  and  4   b .  FIG. 9  is a detail of the connection between two wall adjacent frame members, or the roof member joint connections.  FIG. 9  shows a portion of two wall sections-either at the roof junction or any of the side connections. Each wall section  11  has the wall sheathing  11   e  comprising the 5 mm luan  57  and the 0.040 ABS sheeting  58 . Note that the VHB tape  56  that attaches the 0.040 ABS to the luan plywood is show on both sides of the joint. A piece of EPDM foam gasket  59  that has adhesive backing on one side is shown in place between the joint. This makes for a tight seal when the wall sections are bolted together. A ¼″ bolt  60 , nut  61  and washers  62  are used to make the connection. This procedure is repeated at the various bolt points around the frames. 
     The shelter is shipped on a specially designed pallet that converts to a 6′0″×12′0″ cedar deck after all other components have been placed. It is designed to simply lie on the extended floor panel support planks at the front door. It can also be anchored to the floor panel support planks with screws. 
       FIG. 10  shows the shelter  10  with the porch  70  installed. The porch  70  rests on the main foundation timbers  21  as shown.  FIG. 11  shows a top view of the deck  70 . It is made up of framing members  71  that lie beneath the deck surface  72 , which is made up of the pallet material. In the preferred embodiment, the porch is 6 ft wide, by 12 feet long. 
     A single axle trailer (3,500 pound capacity) with a 10′-12′ flat deck will suffice for shipping the shelter to a specific location. For shipping, the shelter is split into two packages so that is can be moved using a 1,500 pound rated snowmobile trailer. 
     The shelter comes with floor insulation. Wall/roof insulation can be provided either during manufacture or as an after market package consisting of the insulation rolls, spray adhesive and instructions. The layers of insulation installed can adjust R-value. 
     All wall/roof panels have let-in braces for quick attachment of bed platforms as well as let-in braces for quick attachment of counter/tables (not shown). 
     Pre-cut vinyl or Astroturf flooring can be provided that is simply rolled out after this shelter is setup. Having the flooring installed this way makes cleaning easy as the flooring can simply be rolled up and taken outside of the shelter to shake it out. The flooring also adds some insulation to the floor as well as protects the wood surface from moisture and damage. 
     Lighting systems for part and full-time use can be installed as well. All lighting systems will be designed to install after setup. Both battery and renewable energy systems will be available. 
     The present disclosure should not be construed in any limited sense other than that limited by the scope of the claims having regard to the teachings herein and the prior art being apparent with the preferred form of the invention disclosed herein and which reveals details of structure of a preferred form necessary for a better understanding of the invention and may be subject to change by skilled persons within the scope of the invention without departing from the concept thereof.