Abstract:
An automated satellite network sizing and pricing workbook ( 15 ) implemented on a computer system ( 10 ) that is programmed to execute electronic spreadsheet software. The workbook ( 15 ) is comprised of a number of worksheets ( 15 A- 15 J). Some of the worksheets receive data, sometimes manually from a network provider and sometimes automatically from other worksheets, and perform “hidden” calculations to provide various data used for sizing and pricing the network. Other worksheets are for reference or for generating reports of calculated values. The worksheets interact with each other, and the network provider uses them interactively and iteratively to design a network that is feasible in terms of both capacity and cost.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to computer software, and more particularly to an automated system for producing sizing and pricing data for a satellite network. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Over the last two decades, satellite communications has captured the interest of diverse commercial users. The interconnections provided by satellite networks permit an economical and reliable transmission of voice, television, and data. 
     In one sense, a satellite system is a microwave radio system with a single repeater—the transponder in outer space. In another sense, satellites have a broadcast capability that is not easily duplicated with conventional land-line techniques. Broadcasting means that transmission from an earth station to a satellite can be relayed back to earth, addressed so that many earth stations can receive the transmitted message at the same time. This capability has made satellite television a recent success. 
     Due to technological advances in developing both launch vehicles and the satellites themselves, it has become possible to place into orbit larger satellites with expanded capacities for transmission to and from earth stations. In addition, the size and cost of earth stations have decreased to a point where user-owned earth stations are now a practical consideration for a business enterprise. 
     Satellite communications systems have distinctively different cost characteristics when compared to terrestrial communications systems. For example, the distance of transmission is not as large a factor as in communications systems that use transmission lines. Further complications in costing satellite communication are associated with shared versus private networks. With a shared network, the satellite customer relies on “hub” earth stations (receiving and transmitting antennas and related equipment) that are shared with other users of the same satellite. The links to the customer&#39;s premises are accomplished with telephone company interconnections. With a private network, the earth station is installed at the customer&#39;s site. This customer-owned earth station is connected by cable to the customer&#39;s on-premise communications network and further connections may be made to off-premise. 
     Satellite network providers typically lease bandwidth from a satellite operator, and then provide their customers with the equipment and services for the customer&#39;s network. These network providers base their fees on a multitude of factors. Just a few of the pricing considerations are: whether the hub earth station is shared or private, traffic or baseband equipment requirements, the bandwidth and power consumed on the satellite, antenna characteristics such as model and size and related equipment, and post-installation service. Added to this complicated set of pricing factors, is the fact that each customer&#39;s needs are unique. The task of designing and pricing a network system is a difficult one. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     One aspect of the invention is an automated method of pricing a satellite network, using a computer programmed with electronic spreadsheet software. The method makes use of an “electronic workbook”, comprised of a number of interrelated spreadsheets. A traffic sizing spreadsheet receives sizing input data, which represents the quantity of communications traffic on the network, and calculates sizing output data for the network. A unit costing spreadsheet receives cost input data, which represents the cost for each of a number of units of equipment and service associated with the network, and calculates unit cost values. An input spreadsheet receives various network input data, such as, equipment unit data, hub service data, hub equipment data, space segment data, where the hub equipment data and said space segment data are obtained from the sizing output data. A technical infrastructure spreadsheet calculates financial data from data retrieved from the input spreadsheet. Likewise, a quote document spreadsheet calculates customer quote data from data retrieved from the input spreadsheet. Thus, the spreadsheets share both input data and calculated data to provide a variety of network sizing and pricing data. 
     An advantage of the invention is that it provides a “workbook” of interconnected spreadsheets for use by a network provider. The workbook simplifies and standardizes the design, costing, and quote process for satellite networks. Specialized models, tables, and algorithms are integrated into the workbook. For shared hub networks, a consistent and fair treatment of each customer is guaranteed by the use of an embedded “shared usage” algorithm. 
     For a particular customer, the workbook can be run with different parameters, so that the customer can intelligently compare networks on the basis of their cost. For example, the workbook could be run once for a shared hub and once for a private hub. 
     The workbook provides various documents that suited for various aspects of the design and pricing process. For example, the technical infrastructure spreadsheet is designed to meet requirements for the network provider&#39;s internal financial records, whereas the quote document spreadsheet is designed for the customer&#39;s use. An optional competitive analysis spreadsheet provides a convenient means for providing cost comparisons with competing network providers. In the case of the latter spreadsheet, it solves the problem of unbundling network components, an especially difficult task in the case of satellite systems. 
     In summary, the invention provides an automated process for pricing any satellite network design. The pricing information can be provided to a potential customer, who may then make an informed decision about whether to obtain the satellite network and, if so, what type of equipment and service should be included. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a computer system programmed to provide an automated satellite network sizing and pricing workbook in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 1A illustrates an example of the automated workbook of FIG.  1 . 
     FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a method of using the workbook of FIG.  1 . 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a satellite network pricing system  10  in accordance with the invention. The basic components of system  10  are a computer  11 , a keyboard  12 , pointing device  13 , and display  14 . Although not shown in FIG. 1, a printer may also be used to provide the same output as display  14  but in hard copy form. 
     As explained in further detail herein, computer  11  is programmed to receive data from a user, process the data, and display various reports, with the data being related to sizing and pricing a satellite network system. The typical user of system  10  is an enterprise in the business of setting up private satellite networks, herein referred to as a “network providers”. The customers of this network provider are typically private enterprises with multiple locations, who desire enterprise-wide communications via satellite. In the example of this description, this type of network is referred to as a VSAT (very small aperture terminals) satellite network, but the invention is not limited to any one type of terminal or other equipments. 
     Typically, the satellite is owned by an enterprise that leases satellite services to various customers according to their bandwidth requirements, this sort of enterprise being referred to herein as the “satellite service provider”. The satellite services may be for a variety of types of networks, including broadcast television and other types of communication, as well as for the VSAT satellite networks that are the subject of system  10 . 
     Thus, for purposes of the invention, the satellite network providers are in the business of setting up satellite networks for individual customers. Hub earth station satellite antennas, which may be shared or private, are linked to land line networks of terminals and workstations. Typically, the customer has a central processing center, that will communicate via a shared or private “hub” earth station. The satellite network provider provides the equipment, the leased bandwidth, and other services. The equipment includes the VSATs (satellite dish antennas), which are available in a variety of models, sizes, and related hardware and software options. 
     The nature of satellite systems is such that pricing their purchase or lease, installation, and maintenance is complicated. Both the equipment, which may be purchased or leased, and the related services are often highly customized for each customer. For example, a large retail chain may wish to link all its stores in North America by means of satellite communications. The equipment and bandwidth required are two important considerations, but there are many more factors to be considered in determining how much an appropriate system will cost. 
     Computer  11  may be any type of commercially available computer. Computer  11  is assumed to have conventional computer components such as a processor, mass storage memory, active memory, and appropriate input/output interfaces. 
     In the example of this description, computer  11  is a “personal” computer, which stores and executes a “windows” type operating system, such as that manufactured by Microsoft Corporation. Computer  10  stores and executes a type of software known as an “electronic spreadsheet”. In the example of this description, this software is the EXCEL® spreadsheet software manufactured by Microsoft Corporation. Like all electronic spreadsheet software, the EXCEL® software permits the user to make better use of data by organizing, calculating, and analyzing it. Formulas for handling data may be “hidden” behind a grid of data values. Values are calculated automatically using these hidden formulas, which reference data values by using grid locators. However, the concepts described herein could be applied to computer  11  running other operating systems and comparable electronic spreadsheet software. 
     An additional feature of computer  11  is that its electronic spreadsheet process is capable of providing multiple spreadsheets, whose data may shared among spreadsheets. A collection of such spreadsheets is referred to herein as a “workbook”, and the terms “spreadsheet” and “worksheet” are used synonymously herein. 
     In the example of FIG. 1, display  14  is illustrated as being open to a first worksheet of a Satellite Pricing Workbook  15 . This first worksheet is a Customer Requirements Worksheet, which is explained further in connection with FIG.  2 . Workbook  15  is comprised of a number of worksheets  15 A- 15 J, each especially designed for a particular aspect of satellite pricing. Each worksheet  15 A- 15 J has been created from a blank grid of rows and columns provided by the spreadsheet software. Each location in the grid is a cell, identified by its row and column. 
     Each worksheet  15 A- 15 J is accessed by means of a tab  14   a.  In the display of FIG. 1, only the tabs  14   a  for three worksheets,  15 A- 15 C, are shown. The additional worksheets  15 D- 15 J are “hidden”, but are accessed by means of workbook navigation buttons  14   b.    
     Toolbars  14   c  provide access to various tasks performed by the spreadsheet software. Navigation bars and buttons  14   d  provide access to any selected cell in the spreadsheet grid. 
     FIG. 1A illustrates the ten worksheets  15 A- 15 J that comprise workbook  15 . An example of each is included in Appendices A-J. The following list identifies each worksheet, wherein the reference numbers correspond to the appropriate Appendix. 
       15 A. Customer Requirements 
       15 B. VSAT Traffic Sizing Model 
       15 C. Unit Cost Worksheet 
       15 D. Input Worksheet 
       15 E. VSAT Network Space Segment Table 
       15 F. Property/Sales Taxrate Tables 
       15 G. Technical Infrastructure (TI) Cost Worksheet 
       15 H. Comparative Analysis Worksheet 
       15 I. Service Level Agreement 
       15 J. Satellite Quote Document 
     As indicated below, in several of the Appendices, data to be entered by the network provider is outlined in dotted lines. Other data is calculated or retrieved from other worksheets. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a method of using computer system  10 , programmed to run Workbook  15 , to provide sizing and pricing information for a satellite network. As explained below, each of the worksheets  15 A- 15 J plays a unique role in the production of sizing and pricing data, and ultimately, a Quote Document  15 J to be delivered to the customer. The method is performed by a network provider for a potential customer, with the aid of Workbook  15 . In Step  21 , the network provider uses the Customer Requirements Worksheet  15 A to input data unique to the customer&#39;s communications needs. An example of the Customer Requirements Worksheet is set out in Appendix A. 
     Essentially, the Customer Requirements Worksheet  15 A is a set of standardized questions that cover a customer&#39;s data, voice, and video network needs. The network provider ascertains this data from the customer for input to worksheet  15 A. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the network provider will subsequently use this data for other worksheets, especially the Input Worksheet  15 D, and will enter the data manually to these other worksheets. 
     In Step  22 , the network provider designs the network, s using the VSAT Traffic Sizing Worksheet  15 B. An example of the VSAT Traffic Sizing Worksheets is set out in Appendix B. The Traffic Sizing Worksheet  15 B provides both preliminary sizing data and an advanced sizing model. Typically, the network providers obtains preliminary sizing data to obtain “ballpark” estimates and design tentative networks. 
     As indicated by the dotted lines, for preliminary sizing, the network provider enters general parameters, such as the following: 
     Number of locations 
     Outroute throughput rate 
     Inroute thruput rate 
     SLIM thruput rate with 1:1 redundancy 
     Inroute utilization percent 
     SLIM utilization percent 
     Percentage of business day equating the PBH (peak busy hour) 
     The network provider also enters various additional sizing parameters, such as: 
     Outbound network data in bytes for the typical business day 
     Inbound network data in bytes for the typical business day 
     Total number of inbound transactions (packets) in PBH 
     Total number of outbound transactions (packets) in PBH 
     Total inbound bytes in PBH 
     Total outbound bytes in PBH 
     Byte size of file to be transmitted from hub to VSATs 
     Byte size of file to be transmitted from VSATs to hub 
     As indicated in Appendix B, preliminary sizing data is calculated in the form of hub base band equipment requirements, in several categories: interactive PBH (peak busy hour), peak busy hour transaction rates and packet size, and batch PBH sizing. The interactive PBH and batch PBH calculations include the inbound and outbound bit rates, the number of inroutes and outroutes, and the number of required SLIMs (super line interface modules). In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the network provider will manually enter there calculations to other worksheets, such as to the Input Worksheet  15 D. The preliminary sizing results can be used to determine initial feasibility of providing the satellite network. 
     In the example of Appendix B, the advanced sizing model is one provided by the satellite service provider. The input data is in the form of customer environment, peak busy hour (PBH), and ISBN data for one or more applications (protocols). Some of this data is provided by preliminary sizing results. In the embodiment of Appendix B, this data is input manually. Numerous formulas are used to calculate sizing requirements for various applications. Then, for each protocol, a sizing report across all years in use is provided. The advanced sizing data is used prior to production of the Customer Quote Worksheet  15 J to finalize network sizing requirements. 
     In Step  23 , the network provider reviews and updates the Unit Costing Worksheet  15 C, which itemizes each piece of network equipment and service. The data provided by the network provider are the “$ per unit” values, who thereby ensures that the specified cost for each unit is correct. An example of a Unit Costing Worksheet is set out in Appendix C. 
     The units of equipment and service are listed in four basic categories: VSAT equipment, shared/private hub services, dedicated hub equipment, and space segment equipment and usage. For each unit, the capital, nonrecurring, and recurring costs are set out. For example, Item A is for a 0.75 meter/1.0 meter antenna (referred to as a personal earth station or PES, Model 6500) and its related equipment and service fees. The unit cost of $7500 is a “bundled” capital cost, so no separate recurring or nonrecurring costs are listed. A “standard” maintenance program is assumed unless other options are selected. 
     As explained below, the network provider will use an Input Worksheet  15 D to enter the number of units for each item. Other data, such as a project management fee per unit may also be entered to the Input Worksheet  15 D. This data is automatically delivered to the Unit Costing Worksheet  15 C, which then calculates various totals and subtotals. 
     In Step  24 , the network provider enters data to the Input Worksheet  15 D. An example of an Input Worksheet  15 D is set out in Appendix D. The data input by the network provider is indicated in dotted lines. 
     The Input Worksheet  15 D lists equipment and services in the same four equipment/service unit categories as the Unit Costing Worksheet  15 C. For each category, the network provider manually enters the appropriate data. Much of this data is obtained from the previously completed Customer Requirements Worksheet  15 A and VSAT Traffic Sizing Model Worksheet  15 B. 
     In the category for VSAT Equipment, the network provider enters the number of units for each item to be included in the network. As stated above, this data is automatically delivered to the Unit Costing Worksheet  15 C so that totals per unit can be automatically calculated. 
     In the Shared/Private Hub Services category, the provider enters data about the type of service to be provided. For decisions that call for “yes” and “no” data, the data is entered as a 1 or 0, respectively. Thus, in the example of Appendix D, the decision to use a particular shared hub is entered as a “1”. The other options are defaulted to 0 (no). Because the hub is to be shared, a formula behind the Shared Resource cell automatically computes the customer&#39;s share of common hub resources such as the antenna and RF equipment. This formula is designed so that each customer pays for a fair share, and is thus the same for each customer. In another run for the same or another customer, a private hub might be specified and the shared resources would be computed as 100%. 
     Data for the Dedicated Hub Equipment Category and the Space Segment Equipment &amp; Usage category is obtained from the VSAT Sizing Worksheet  15 B. For example, as stated above, the output data from the VSAT Sizing Worksheet  15 B might specify that 26 SLIMs are needed, as well as 20 inroutes and 1 outroute. 
     The last column of the Input Worksheet are calculated total space segment percentages for inroutes and outroutes, i.e., 33% and 4% respectively. The percentages represent usage of a satellite transponder. These percentages are obtained by inputting the number of inroutes and outroutes to VSAT Network Space Segment Table  15 E. In Step  24   a,  Table  15 E performs appropriate calculations. Appendix E is an example of a VSAT Network Space Segment Table  15 E. It uses algorithms that determine a percentage of power and bandwidth consumption of the satellite transponder. The matrix lists percentages for any pair of inroute/outroute values. Although Appendix E lists percentages for up to 14 outroutes (512 kbps) and 19 inroutes (128 kbps), the matrix could be easily extended to list percentages for more inroutes and outroutes. Once determined, the percentage is multiplied by cost, such as a fixed cost per percent. 
     The Input Worksheet  15 D also has a section for receiving various input modeling parameters other than the unit data of the four equipment/service unit categories. As explained below, this data is automatically delivered to a TI Cost Worksheet. Various “non-unit” costs, i.e., costs not naturally specified by unit, such as engineering design hours and project management hours, are entered and delivered to the TI Cost Worksheet  15 G, which converts this data to cost data. 
     One such modeling parameter is property and sales tax rate data. The network provider enters appropriate geographical information for the hub and VSAT locations. In Step  24   b  tax rates are automatically provided from a Property and Sales Taxrate Table  15 F. Appendix F sets out an example of Property and Sates Taxrate Table  15 F. Only the values for a single state (Alaska) are printed; values for all other states would be similarly calculated. In the example of Appendix D (the Input Worksheet), the user has specified “Ohio” in the parameter section. The Input Worksheet  15 D then obtains the appropriate tax data for that state from Table  15 F. As indicated in Appendix F, a national tax rate is listed at the bottom, calculated as an average of all states. 
     At the bottom of the Input Worksheet  15 D, the network provider enters non-recurring and recurring costs, herein referred to as “margin data”. Using this data, a calculation provides a positive or negative margin at the end of the service term. In the example of Appendix D, non recurring and recurring costs are terms of cost per VSAT. As explained below, the TI Cost Worksheet  15 G uses these costs to calculate a net value, which in turn is delivered to the Input Worksheet  15 D. This calculated net value may be used as a guide to iteratively adjust non-recurring and recurring costs until a satisfactory net is obtained. For example, it might be calculated that if the customer pays a recurring cost of $XX per VSAT for X years, the network provider&#39;s net at the end of the service term would be YY%. 
     Step  25  is using the Technical Infrastructure (TI) Cost Worksheet  15 G to review the feasibility of the project and prices. An example of a TI Cost Worksheet  15 G is set out in Appendix G. 
     The TI Cost Worksheet  15 G is essentially calculated values, using data automatically retrieved from other worksheets. This data is organized over a desired time space (i.e., five years), with totals. A feature of the TI Cost Worksheet  15 G is that it sets out financial information in a format especially useful for the network service provider&#39;s internal financial records. Thus, financial data is presented on a year by year basis; capital, recurring, and non-recurring costs are separated. Overhead is calculated into a net cash flow. Additional charts and graphs could also be included. 
     As stated above, one set of calculations provided by the TI Cost Worksheet  15 C results in net values, in terms of both dollars and percentages. These net values are calculated for each year of the project, as well as an average net over all years. In Step  25   b,  these net values are provided to the Input Worksheet  15 D as described above in connection with Step  24 . 
     In Step  26 , it is determined whether the proposed network must be redesigned to met cost constraints. If so, Steps  21 - 25  are repeated until both the network design and the costs are satisfactory. For example, if a first design was for a network with a private hub, and second design might be for a network with a shared hub. If no redesign is necessary, the process proceeds to Step  27 . 
     In Step  27 , it is determined whether the customer requires a comparison with a competing network provider. If so, in Step  27   a,  the Competitive Analysis Worksheet  15 H permits a competing quote to be usefully compared. The Worksheet  15 H lists categories of network equipment and services. The scope of each category is such that a competing quote can be readily “fit” into these categories. In other words, the categories are sufficiently broad to permit comparison of like units and sufficiently narrow so as to provide a meaningful comparison. The network provider&#39;s costs are automatically listed in each category, using data retrieved from other worksheets. The network provider enters the competitor&#39;s cost data. The Competitive Analysis Worksheet  15 H then automatically calculates differences in terms of percentages. If no competitive Analysis Worksheet  15 H is required, the process proceeds to Step  28 . 
     In Step  28 , the Service Level Agreement  15 J and Quote Document  15 J are produced. Examples of these documents are set out in Appendix I and Appendix J, respectively. The Quote Document  15 J automatically receives data from other worksheets, especially from the Input Worksheet  15 D and TI Cost Worksheet  15 G to calculate final quote values for the proposed network. If multiple designs have been evaluated, quotes for each design are provided. 
     Other Embodiments 
     Although the present invention has been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions, and alterations can be made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.