Abstract:
A computer system is provided for timing contestants on a water race course. A computer interfaces through a card to four switches. A manual and an automatic switch are activated upon the contestant starting the race. Other manual and automatic switches are activated upon the contestant finishing the race. The computer has software which allows the time at which each switch is activated to be recorded and associated with the contestant. The start and finish times are determined by the respective automatic switches unless an automatic switch misfunctions, and doesn&#39;t provide a time. In that case, the start or finish time is determined from the affiliated manual switch. The software subtracts start time from finish time to yield elapse time.

Description:
INFORMATION ON COPYRIGHTED MATERIAL 
     A portion of the disclosure of this patent document contains material which is subject to copyright protection. The copyright owner has no objection to the facsimile reproduction by anyone of the patent document or the patent disclosure, as it appears in the Patent and Trademark Office patent file or records, but otherwise reserves all copyrights rights whatsoever. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention pertains to computer time measuring systems and more particularly is concerned with computer systems for timing races. 
     A particularly difficult race to time accurately is the so called whitewater slalom event. In this sporting event, a plurality of contestants in canoes or kayaks race serially down about a half mile stretch of rapids, attempting to maneuver through portals and around obstacles. 
     An important criteria to win is the time a contestant takes between the start and finish positions. Penalty times for missing a prescribed maneuver are added to the elapsed time. The contestant with the lowest overall time wins. Often the difference between contestant&#39;s times are fractions of a second. Further, the start and finish positions are so separated that a single official can not time the runs. Electronic time measuring apparatus is therefore used to enhance accuracy and to promptly report results. For this purpose a pivotable wand is located in the waterway at the starting position and closes a switch when activated by a racer&#39;s start. Photoelectric cells are used at the finish line. The wand and photoelectronic cell usually give precise time signals, but are not always reliable. The wand arrangement has been known to misfuction and not provide a start signal. Photoelectric cells can malfunction and generate a false signal. 
     Accordingly, it is desirable, and an object of the invention, to provide means to back up the electronic system while retaining the accuracy of the electronic system where possible. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Briefly, according to one aspect of the invention, a computer system is provided for timing contestants on a water race course. A computer interfaces through a card to four switches. A manual and an automatic switch are activated upon the contestant starting the race. Other manual and automatic switches are activated upon the contestant finishing the race. The computer has software which allows the time at which each switch is activated to be recorded and associated with the contestant. The start and finish times are determined by the respective automatic switches unless an automatic switch misfunctions, and doesn&#39;t provide a time. In that case, the start or finish time is determined from the affiliated manual switch. The software subtracts start time from finish time to yield elapse time. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of the computer system of the invention; 
     FIG. 2 shows a sample display of the computer system in help mode; 
     FIG. 3 shows a sample display in test mode; 
     FIG. 4 shows a sample display in operating mode; and 
     FIG. 5 represents a sample printout of the system. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Turning first to FIG. 1, there is seen a computer time measuring system 10 embodying the best mode of the invention. 
     A water race course 11 has separate start and finish positions, 12 and 13. Each contestant wears an identification number called a BIB number. When a contestant crosses the start position 12, he or she activates a first automatic switch 14, such as a pivotable wand. At the same time, a race official is positioned to activate a first manual switch 15 and report the contestant&#39;s BIB number. As the contestant maneuvers his or her craft downstream, he or she is required to pass through portals 16, and 17. Missing a portal results in penalty points being manually added to his or her race time. A second automatic switch 18, such as a photoelectric cell, signals when the racer crosses the finish position. A race official is to then activate a second manual switch 19 and report the contestant&#39;s BIB number. 
     The manual switches 15, and 19 provide redundancy to the automatic switches 14, and 18 which can misfunction or malfunction. 
     As a feature of the invention, the two automatic switches 14, and 18 and the manual switches 15, and 19 are coupled to interface card 20 which is an input to computer 21. 
     Computer 21 may be an IBM PC (TM) or equivalent equipment with an internal 256K or larger RAM memory, a 360K floppy disc drive 22, a keyboard 23, a monitor 24, and a printer 25. Interface card 20 identifies which of the four switches, 14, 15, 18 or 19, is being activated and provides the time of activation. A suitable interface card is sold by MetraByte Corporation of Taunton, Mass. as Model PIO-12. This information, switch identification and activation time, is inputted to computer 21 which is programmed with computer software. The start and finish race officials are in communication with the computer operator and identify by BIB number the contestant then passing the respective position. 
     A listing of one embodiment of the software is at the end of this description, before the claims. The listing is written in Intel 8088/8086 assembly language. The software flow is described in Table 1. 
     
                       TABLE 1______________________________________SOFTWARE FLOW______________________________________START-UPTurn speaker off (if on).Get printer adapter address.Determine type of display (color/monochrome).Set DOS cursor to row 21 column 1.Clear screen.Determine memory size -Print message and stop program if RAM is less than 256K.Display banner (Timing and software by GTE . . . )Check for legal date -Print message and stop program if year is less than 1988.Initialize UART for 1200 Baud, no parity, 8 data bits, 1 stopbit.If error, display message and request acknowledgment byoperator.Request new or old race -if old, load old race file, and backup old race file;if new, start fresh, and backup old race file.MAIN STREAMContinuous loopGet date and time -If 55 millisecond timer changes, decrementcertain timers, and turn off speaker if speaker timerreaches zero.If seconds change, increment certain timers,decrement others, and update date/time strings.Sample manual and automatic - start and finish switches:If timers for signals are zero, register time when signaloccurred. Set timers according to what signal came in.Beep speaker.Check for keyboard and mouse inputs:(See additional information section for operator controlswhich moves cursor, transfers finish times, acknowledgessignals, displays help, etc.)Print one character from printer buffer.Output one character to COM1 if UART is &#34;ready&#34;.Test for exit condition (Esc-End from keyboard) -If exit, save data to disk. Ask operator for verification.(See exit condition below).Test display flag (set by several conditions such as cursormove, signal in, etc.) -Update DOS cursor registers.Refresh screen.Calculate raw times and total times.1-second loop (occurs every second)Display date, time, column headings, etc.20-second loopRefresh display (which also recalculates totals)Exit routineClear screenSave race date to diskDisplay &#34;End Now?&#34; messageIf no, continue with main loopIf yes, terminate program______________________________________ 
    
     The software programs keyboard 23 to function as described in Table 2. 
     
                       TABLE 2______________________________________KEY FUNCTIONS______________________________________Function KeysF1 - Displays Help screen (which appears for 5 seconds max.and is turned off when another key is pressed or mouse ismoved).F2 - Transfers finish time from finish column to correspond-ing BIB numbers finish time if cursor is in appropriatecolumn; displays &#34;Ill-col&#34; if not. Finish times enteringsystem are displayed in flashing mode.F3 - Set start time. Start time comes into system flashingon screen. This entry verifies it by disabling the flash-ing condition.F4 - Duplicates class or start number below row where cursorexists, if there is not entry in row below, no duplicationis made.F6 - Test. This places screen in mode to show status ofinput signals or switches. See sample test screen. Systemreacts to input signal in this mode.F7 - Updates data on disk from all display areas. Thisallows data to then be taken to another computer for summa-rization while race is underway. This also provides somesecurity in the event of hardware failures.F8 - Mark DNF which places &#34;DNF&#34; in finish column if con-testant Does Not Finish. Also places 999.99 in totalscolumn.F9 - Recalculates totals. Generally used for Full-screenedit where recalculations are not done automatically withcursor movement.F10 - Mark DNR for Did Not Race. See F8 above.Other keysEsc-Esc causes an exit condition. &#34;Y&#34; is entered to verifyexit.Alt-E - Places system in Full-Screen-Edit which allowsmanually entry of Start and Finish times to recreated dataif necessary. Screen is placed in inverse mode when inthis condition. Alt-E must be reentered to exit.Allows deletion of entries, times, etc. to allow newstart and finish times to synchronize with existing en-tries. This entry is made twice for verification to avoiderrors. The cursor must be in specific columns for actionto take effect.SPACE-BAR - is used to erase BIB numbers, race numbers, names,etc.Tab - Places cursor in next entry field.Carriage-Return - places cursor in first column in row belowcurrent cursor position.HOME - places cursor in first column of first row.PgUp/PdDn - Moves display up or down 15 lines.______________________________________ 
    
     The help screen format is shown in FIG. 2. The test screen format is shown in FIG. 3. 
     Class numbers, BIB numbers, race numbers, and contestant&#39;s last name are entered manually into the computer before a contestant begins to challenge the course. As times are displayed on the monitor, the operator strings the associated BIB number, as reported by an official, to the start and finish times, using information conveyed from the race official. 
     The computer monitors four signals: 
     (1) Automatic start (switch-closure from start-wand) 
     (2) Manual start (push-button switch-closure activated by a start official) 
     (3) Automatic finish (electric-eye switch-closure) 
     (4) Manual finish (push-button switch-closure activated by a finish official). 
     These signals are scanned by the computer for &#34;coincidence&#34; timing. For example, if an automatic start signal (from a wand) and a manual start signal (push-button) are received within a predetermined time window of each other (i.e., one second), the time when the automatic start signal occurred is used as the &#34;start time&#34; and defined and identified as &#34;coincident&#34;. If the automatic and manual times are not &#34;coincident&#34;, the time when the automatic signal occurred is used as the start time. The same procedure is used for the finish time using the automatic finish switch and the manual finish switch. 
     Because dual start and finish signals are coupled into coincidence sampling, the chances of lost times are greatly reduced over previous timing methods. Also, both the start and finish times are more reliable because the &#34;coincidence&#34; time is the automatic time that has occurred within, for example, a 1-second window before or after the manual time occurred. 
     Once the contestant has passed the finish line, the finish-time is manually coupled on the display by the operator to the contestant&#39;s start time. The computer calculates a raw elapsed time. Penalty points, if any, are then manually entered by the computer operator to give the total race time or score. As seen in FIG. 4, this time is displayed in seconds (xxxx.xx). 
     All keystrokes are verified with the column that the cursor is in, in order to prevent illegal entries. For instance, only numerals and spaces are allowed in BIB number fields. 
     Referring to FIG. 5, the manual start time is printed when the manual start signal is received. This is the same for automatic start, manual finish, and automatic finish when the corresponding signals are received. When finish time are transferred to contestant lines, the finish time and corresponding BIB number are printed. The start time and corresponding BIB number are printed when the start time is verified with the F3 entry. 
     If a change is made to the start or finish times, when in Full-Screen-Edit mode, the line where the changes was made is printed. 
     &#34;Coincidence time&#34; is defined as when the automatic and manual signals occur within a specified window of time (1 second in the example). The automatic switch time is then used for calculating the elapsed time which is identified as &#34;coincident&#34;. For instance, if an automatic switch signal is received, and the manual signal is received in the next 1 second, the automatic time is used and marked &#34;C&#34;. If a manual signal is received, and the automatic switch signal is received within the next 1 second, the automatic switch time is used and marked &#34;C. If a manual signal is received alone, without the automatic switch signal, then the manual time is used and marked &#34;M&#34;. The same is applied to the automatic time and is received alone without the manual switch signal following in 1 second. If automatic times are used to calculate elapsed time, it is marked &#34;A&#34;. 
     Several contestants from different race classes can be on the course at the same time. The computer keeps track of the start, elapsed time, finish time, penalty points, and overall time of each contestant. A total of 250 contestants can be timed in any single event. Informtion is saved on a disk which allows race suspensions and continuations if necessary. Information may also be transmitted through a serial port to another computer for further processing. 
     The preferred embodiment and best mode of the invention has been disclosed. The invention has been described in the context of a white water slalom race. It will be appreciated that variations will apparent to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the scope of the invention is to be determined by the claims which will be found after the following software listing. ##SPC1##