Abstract:
An airbag initiator having an ignition charge and a low temperature ignition charge in an inner case and a metal header closing the inner case, a glass seal providing feed through of one or more electrical connections to the ignition charge through the header. The seal is preferably formed using glass material. A ceramic base supports the header and their spaced relationship maintained by a single continuous glass seal. The ceramic base and glass seal electrically isolates the header and ignition charge against accidental ignition. The ceramic to glass to metal seal provides protection against leakage of unfiltered gas from the inflator system. A ferromagnetic pressed material is assembled into the ceramic base and it&#39;s spaced relationship to the ceramic body and the electrical connections are maintained by a single continuous glass seal.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to pyrotechnic devices, and more particularly to improvements in initiators for use in automotive air bag systems. 
     A typical air bag initiator is an electroexplosive device used to initiate a sodium azide-based propellant charge for inflation of the air bag. However, the technology of the air bag inflation system is changing and new types of inflator technology such as solid organic propellants, stored gas hybrid, liquid propellant and hydrogen oxygen flammable gas systems are being developed. As a result the requirements on the initiator system are changing to require more structural integrity of the initiator body as well as new technology which allows the initiator to be hermetically sealed into the inflator cavity under high pressure for the life of the unit. The initiator generally comprises an ignition charge which is in direct contact with a bridgewire. The bridgewire is connected between two contacts which are connectable to a firing circuit. When the bridgewire is electrically heated, it ignites the ignition charge. An output charge or &#34;booster&#34; charge, ignitable by the ignition charge, may be used to effect quick ignition of the sodium azide-based propellant without damaging the propellant grains. 
     Electrical connections are typically made to the firing circuit respectively from the initiator case and from a central conductor which is in coaxial relationship with the case and extends into the case through an insulator. Devices using this form of electrical connection are known as &#34;coaxial&#34; devices. Alternatively, electrical connections can be made through a pair of parallel, spaced conductors both of which extend into the interior of the initiator case through an insulator. Devices having this form of electrical connection are known as &#34;twinaxial&#34; devices. 
     One of the problems encountered in the manufacture, installation and use of airbag initiators is the problem of protection against accidental ignition resulting from static electricity. A substantial static charge can accumulate on a worker&#39;s body, for example by the rubbing of leather soles of the worker&#39;s shoes on a nylon carpet. This accumulated static charge can be discharged as a spark through the ignition material in an initiator, from the case to the firing circuit, when the initiator is touched, or when an ungrounded conductor in contact with the initiator is touched. 
     To prevent unintended ignition from occurring as a result of static discharge through the pyrotechnic material in the initiator, the case of the initiator may be connected electrically to the firing circuit. This allows the energy of the static charge to be dissipated in a low resistance connection, through the firing circuit, from the initiator case to the automobile body. In a coaxial device, the initiator case is normally connected to the firing circuit. In one form of twinaxial device, one of the two parallel conductors is connected electrically to the initiator case in order to provide a path for dissipation of static energy through the firing circuit. Alternatively, a spark gap may be provided between the case and one of the conductors to allow discharge of static electricity through the spark gap rather than through the pyrotechnic charge. 
     Preferably, in a device in which the initiator case is electrically connected to the wiring circuit, the initiator case is designed so that it does not directly contact the automobile body. For example, the case may be provided with a non-conductive cover made of plastics material. In the case of a single pole-switched firing circuit, this construction eliminates the possibility of a short circuit if the polarity of the D.C. supply to the firing circuit is accidentally reversed. It also eliminates the possibility of accidental firing, which could occur if the firing circuit supply polarity is reversed, the output leads of the firing circuit are also accidentally interchanged, and the case of the initiator touches the automobile body. Isolation of the case from the automobile body also makes it possible to use a two pole-switched firing circuit. 
     Constructing the device in such a way as to isolate the initiator case from the automobile body introduces the possibility of leak paths for high pressure gas generated by the propellant. Production of the plastic-covered case also requires an expensive insert molding operation. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Among the objects of this invention are the provision of a simple and easily manufactured form of initiator; inherent protection against accidental firing as a result of static discharge, prevention of unintended firing due to wiring errors; easy mounting; high structural strength; prevention of gas leakage through the initiator; and applicability both to coaxial and twinaxial initiators. 
     The initiator in accordance with the invention, comprises the inner case containing an ignition charge and an autoignition charge and being closed by a metal header having a through passage for one or more electrical conductors and a glass seal. The autoignition charge is designed to function the initiator system prior to a loss of structural integrity in the inflator system. The header is supported by a ceramic base, and the ceramic base and the header are held together by a single glass seal. This allows the header to be electrically isolated from the system. The ceramic base provides a mounting flange for the initiator. 
     The preferred form of the initiator comprises an ignition charge, an autoignition charge; a charge holder welded to the header to retain the ignition charge and the autoignition charge; an output charge; a metal cup filled with an output charge and enclosing the ignition charge; a bridgewire in contact with the ignition charge; a header fitting the opening of the metal cup, and having a through passage; and means providing a single or pair of conductors for connecting the bridgewire to a firing circuit. At least one of these conductors extends through the passage of the header and outward beyond the header. The initiator further comprises glass sealing means in the header passage for maintaining the conductors in spaced relationship to each other, and for maintaining at least one of the conductors in spaced relationship to the header. The seal also provides the attachment of the header to the ceramic base and maintaining the conductors in spaced relationship to each other and spaced relationship to the ceramic base. An electrical connection is provided between the header and the other one of the conductors. An electrically non-conductive cup is provided over the metal cup to electrically isolate the metal cup from the inflator system. The ceramic base includes a mounting flange. 
     The use of ceramic to glass to metal seal in the base isolates the header electrically from the inflator system and from the firing circuit, and, at the same time, eliminates possible leak paths for the high pressure gas generated by combustion of the propellant composition. 
     A modified version of the invention contains a second glass seal for maintaining the ceramic body in a spaced relationship to an outer metal shell. In this application the metal shell is used as a weld point to weld the initiator into a pressurized gas bottle. The initiator design is capable of maintaining a constant static back pressure of 5000 psi for the life of the initiator. In addition the initiator is capable of withstanding a onetime pressure impulse of 75,000 psi. 
     Further objects, advantages and details of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description, when read in conjunction with the drawings. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is an axial section of an initiator of the coaxial type, constructed in accordance with the invention and crimped to an inflator; and 
     FIG. 1A is a sectional view through line 1A--1A of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 2 is a second embodiment of the invention having variations in the conductors, charge holder and header constructed in accordance with the invention; and 
     FIG. 3 is a third embodiment of the initiator designed to be welded in place capable of constant back pressure of 5000 psi, also constructed in accordance with the invention; and 
     FIG. 4 is a fourth embodiment of the initiator designed to be welded in place and capable of withstanding a constant back pressure of 5000 psi, also constructed in accordance with the invention; and 
     FIG. 5 is an axial section of a header assembly of the coaxial type, constructed in accordance with the invention. 
     FIG. 6 is the initiator of FIG. 1 having built into the header assembly RFI filter properties. 
     FIG. 7 is the initiator of FIG. 1 containing an autoignition charge constructed in accordance with the invention; 
     FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a vehicle occupant protection apparatus including the initiator of the present invention; and 
     FIG. 9 is a plan view of the initiator of FIG. 1. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Referring first to FIGS. 1, 1A and 8, a coaxial initiator A is positioned in a cavity 405 of inflator 401. Initiator A comprises a metal cup 2 welded at the base of metal header 6. An ignition charge 5, typically a mixture of zirconium powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within metallic charge holder 4. The output charge 3, typically a mixture of titanium hydride powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within cup 2. Other suitable charge materials may be used. 
     Header 6 has a cylindrical header through passage 10 in which one electrode conductor 7 extends terminating at the upper surface 11 of the header. Conductor 7 is connected to header 6 by a bridgewire 12 which is in contact with the ignition charge 5. The bridgewire 12 is heated by current from the firing circuit to ignite the ignition charge 5. Conductor 7 is maintained in spaced relationship with the header through passage 10 by glass material 9 which forms a seal between base 8 and conductors 7 and 15. 
     Base portion 13 of the header 6 creates an interference fit with the metal cup 2 and header 6. Metal cup 2 is attached at base portion 13 of header 6 using a 360° penetration through laser weld 25. This weld joint acts to physically seal the enclosure and structurally retains the metal cup 2 onto the header 6 during functioning of the initiator. 
     The ceramic base 8 of initiator A has a cylindrical central ceramic body passage 14, in which two electrode conductors 7 and 15 extend, the second conductor 15 being an integral part of the header 6. Passages 10 and 14 are aligned. The conductors 7 and 15 are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by glass seal material 9 and through holes 16 and 17 in ceramic base 8. The glass seal material 9 provides electrical isolation between the conductors 7 and 15, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection of header 6 and ceramic base 8. The following process steps may be followed to position the glass material during manufacture: 
     1) the ceramic base 8, header 6 and conductors 7 and 15 are fixtured spaced-apart as an assembly; 
     2) glass beads are placed in the space between the ceramic base 8, header 6 and electrodes 7 and 15; 
     3) the assembly is placed in a protective atmosphere and heated to 800-1200° C. for 1/4 to 1 hour to melt the glass beads which molten glass adhere to the parts; and 
     4) the assembly is then slowly cooled to room temperature. 
     Other suitable techniques for providing a glass material seal between base 8, header 6 and conductors 7 and 15 and other initiator parts may be employed. Materials other than glass or glass materials maybe used to provide the connections and the sealing required. 
     Glass seal material 9 further provides a hermetic seal between the two conductors 7 and 15, and the ceramic base 8, and a hermetic seal between the header 6 and the conductor 7. The glass seal between the two conductors 7 and 15, and the ceramic base 8, and the header 6 and the conductor 7, also provide a gas tight high pressure seal to the airbag inflation system which functions to eliminate any leakage of gas from the inflator 401 through the inflator cavity 405 and the initiator A (see also FIG. 8). 
     The ceramic base 8 is the strength carrying member of initiator A with the load on initiator A being transferred from the header 6 to the ceramic base 8 at the interface 23, then through the ceramic base 8 to the support ledge 20. 
     Plastic cup 1 fits over the metal cup 2 and electrically isolates loaded initiator A from the rest of the automobile&#39;s electrical systems, thereby avoiding accidental ignition of the initiator. Static protection is afforded by the electrical connections between the metal cup 2, metal header 6 and conductor 15 which is part of header 6. 
     Initiator A is intended to be crimped onto inflator 401 of the airbag inflator system with installation of the initiator device being achieved when the ceramic base 8 is fitted into a cylindrical space defined by a thin upstanding annular inflator sleeve 22 which is a part of inflator 401. As shown in FIG. 1, initiator A has not yet been fully crimped leaving spaces between initiator A and inflator 401. The upper edge 21 of the annular sleeve 22 is crimped over tapered base wall 19 trapping the ceramic base 8 and the gasket 18 thereby holding the initiator firmly in place. The two conductors 7 and 15 extend through opening 24 in the airbag inflator system base. 
     An alternative version of the initiator A is shown in FIG. 2, in which coaxial initiator B comprises a metal cup 2&#39;, welded at the base of the header 6&#39;. An ignition charge 5&#39;, typically a mixture of zirconium powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the charge holder 4&#39;. The output charge 3, typically a mixture of titanium hydride powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the metal cup 2. Other suitable charge materials may be used. 
     Header 6&#39; has a cylindrical central through passage 10&#39;, in which both conductor 7&#39; and 15&#39; extend, terminating at the upper surface 11&#39;. Conductor 7&#39; is connected to the other conductor 15&#39; by a bridgewire 12&#39;, which is in contact with the ignition charge 5&#39;. Conductor 15&#39; is electrically connected to the header 6&#39; by the charge holder 4&#39;. The bridgewire 12&#39; is heated by current from the firing circuit to ignite the ignition charge 5&#39;. The conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39; are maintained in spaced relationship with the header central through passage 10&#39; by glass seal material 9&#39;. 
     The base portion 13&#39; of the header creates an interference fit with the metal cup 2&#39;. Header 6&#39; and metal cup 2&#39; are attached at base portion 13&#39; using a 360° penetration through laser weld 26. This weld joint acts to physically seal the enclosure and structurally retains the metal cup 2&#39; onto the header 6&#39; during functioning of initiator B. 
     The ceramic base 8&#39; of initiator B has a cylindrical central passage 14&#39;, in which two conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39; extend. The conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39; are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by a glass sealing material 9&#39; and through holes in the ceramic 16&#39; and 17&#39;. The glass sealing material 9&#39; provides electrical isolation between the two conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39;, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection of the header 6&#39; and the ceramic base 8&#39;. The glass seal formed further provides a hermetic seal between the two conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39;. The glass seal between the two conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39;, and the ceramic base 8&#39;, and the header 6&#39; and the two conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39;, also provide a gas tight high pressure seal to the airbag inflation system when functioned to eliminate any leakage of gas from the inflator through the initiator assembly. 
     The ceramic base 8&#39; is the strength carrying member of the initiator system with the load on initiator B being transferred from the header 6&#39; to the ceramic base 8&#39; at the interface 23&#39;, then through the ceramic base 8&#39; to the support ledge 20&#39;. 
     A plastic cup 1&#39; fits over the metal cup 2&#39; and electrically isolates the loaded initiator from the rest of the automobile&#39;s electrical systems, thereby avoiding accidental ignition of the initiator. Static protection is afforded by the electrical connections between the metal cup 2&#39; and the header 6&#39;, to which conductor 15&#39; is electrically connected, via projection welds 27a, 27b, charge holder 4&#39; and header 6&#39; 
     Initiator B may be crimped into an airbag inflator system, the installation of the device being achieved when the ceramic base 8&#39; is fitted into a cylindrical space defined by a thin upstanding annular sleeve 22&#39; formed as part of inflator 401 (FIG. 8). The upper edge 21&#39; of the annular sleeve 22&#39; is then crimped over tapered flange 19&#39; trapping the ceramic base 8&#39; and the gasket 18&#39; thereby holding the initiator firmly and sealingly in place. The two conductors 7&#39; and 15&#39; extend through opening 24&#39; in the airbag inflator system base. 
     A further alternative version of the inventive initiator is shown in FIG. 3 where coaxial initiator C comprises a metal cup 2&#34; welded at the base of the header 6&#34;. An ignition charge 5&#34;, typically a mixture of zirconium powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the charge holder 4&#34;. The output charge 3&#34;, typically a mixture of titanium hydride powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the metal cup 2&#34;. Charge holder 4&#34; is welded to header 6&#34; by weld 30. Other suitable charge materials may be used. 
     The header 6&#34; has a cylindrical through passage 10&#34;, in which conductor 7&#34; extends through and terminates at the upper surface 11&#34; of header 6&#34;. Conductor 7&#34; is connected to the header 6&#34; by a bridgewire 12&#34;, which is in contact with the ignition charge 5&#34;. The bridgewire 12&#34; is heated by current from a firing circuit to ignite the ignition charge 5&#34;. The conductor 7&#34; is maintained in spaced relationship with the header through passage 10&#34; by glass seal material 9&#34;. 
     The base portion 13&#34; of the header 6&#34; creates an interference fit with the metal cup 2&#34;. Header 6&#34; and metal cup 2&#34; are attached at base portion 13&#34; of the header 6&#34; using a 360° penetration through laser weld 28. This weld joint acts to physically seal the enclosure and structurally retains the metal cup 2 with header 6&#34; during functioning of initiator C. 
     Ceramic base 8&#34; of initiator C has a cylindrical central passage 14&#34;, in which two conductors 7&#34; and 15&#34; extend with the second conductor being an integral part of the header 6&#34;. The conductors 7&#34; and 15&#34; are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by a first glass seal material 9&#34; and through holes 16&#34; and 17&#34; in ceramic base 8&#34;. The use of glass material 9&#34; creates a seal to provide electrical isolation between the two conductors 7&#34; and 15&#34;, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection between header 6&#34; and the ceramic base 8&#34;. Such glass seal further provides a hermetic seal between the two conductors 7&#34; and 15&#34;, and the ceramic base 8&#34;, and a hermetic seal between the header 6&#34; and the conductor 7&#34;. Such glass seal between the two conductors 7&#34; and 15&#34;, and the ceramic base 8&#34;, and the header 6&#34; and the conductor 7&#34;, also provide a gas tight high pressure seal to the airbag inflation system, when functioned to eliminate any leakage of unfiltered gas from the inflator through the initiator assembly. 
     The ceramic base 8&#34; is the strength carrying member of the initiator system in which the load on initiator C is transferred from the header 6&#34; to the ceramic base 8&#34; at the interface 21&#34;, then through the ceramic base 8&#34; to the support ledge 18&#34;. 
     The ceramic base 8&#34; and the support cup 19&#34; are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by a second glass material seal 20&#34; which at the same time provides a secure physical connection of the support cup 19&#34; to the ceramic base 8&#34;. The second glass seal material 20&#34; further provides a hermetic seal between the support cup 19&#34; and the ceramic base 8&#34;. 
     Plastic cup 1&#34; fits over the metal cup 2&#34; and electrically isolates the loaded initiator from the rest of the automobile&#39;s electrical systems, thereby avoiding accidental ignition of the initiator. Static protection is afforded by the electrical connections between the metal cup 2&#34;, header 6&#34;, and conductor 15&#34; which is a part of header 6&#34;. 
     This design is intended to be welded into the airbag inflator system with the installation of the device being achieved when the support cup 19&#34; is fitted into a cylindrical space defined by a thin upstanding annular sleeve 22&#34; formed as part of inflator 401. The upper edge 23&#34; of the annular sleeve is then welded with weld 29 to the upper edge of the support cup 19&#34; thereby holding the initiator firmly in place. The two conductors 7&#34; and 15&#34; extend through opening 24&#34; in the airbag inflator system base. 
     Another alternative version of the inventive initiator is shown in FIG. 4, where the coaxial initiator comprises a metal cup 32 welded at the base of the header 36. An ignition charge 35, typically a mixture of zirconium powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the charge holder 34. The output charge 33, typically a mixture of titanium hydride powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the metal cup 32. 
     Header 36 has a cylindrical central through passage 40, in which both conductor 37 and 45 extend, terminating at the upper surface 41. The conductor 37 is connected to the other conductor 45 by a bridgewire 42, which is in contact with the ignition charge 35. The conductor 45 is electrically connected to the header 36 by the charge holder 34. The bridgewire 45 is heated by current from the firing circuit to ignite the ignition charge 35. The conductors 37 and 45 are maintained in spaced relationship with the header central through passage 40 by a glass seal 39. 
     The base portion 43 of the header 36 creates an interference fit with the metal cup 32, the header 36 and metal cup 32 are attached at the base portion 43 of header 36 using a 360° penetration through laser weld (not shown). This weld joint acts to physically seal the enclosure and structurally retains the metal cup 32 onto the header 36 during functioning of the initiator. 
     The ceramic base 38 of the initiator has a cylindrical central passage 44, in which two conductors 37 and 45 extend. The conductors 37 and 45 are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by a first glass seal 39, created using glass material or other suitable material, and are further maintained in spaced relationship by through holes 46 and 47 in the ceramic base 38. The first glass seal 39 provides electrical isolation between conductors 37 and 45, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection of the header 36 and the ceramic base 38. The first glass seal 39 further provides electrical isolation between the two conductors 37 and 45, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection of the header 36 and the ceramic base 38. The first glass seal 39 further provides a hermetic seal between the two conductors 37 and 45, and the ceramic base 38, and a hermetic seal between the header 36 and the two conductors 37 and 45. The first glass seal 39 between the two conductors 37 and 45, and the ceramic base 38, and the header 36 and the two conductor 37 and 45, also provide a gas tight high pressure seal to the airbag inflation system, when functioned to eliminate any leakage of unfiltered gas from the inflator through the initiator assembly. 
     The ceramic base 38 is the strength carrying member of the initiator system, the load on the initiator is transferred from the header 36 to the ceramic base 38 at the interface 41, then through the ceramic base 38 to the support ledge 48. 
     Ceramic base 38 and the support cup 49 are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by a second glass seal 50 which provides a secure physical connection of the support cup 49 to ceramic base 38. The second glass seal 50 further provides a hermetic seal between the support cup 49 and the ceramic base 38. 
     A plastic cup 31 fits over the metal cup 32 and electrically isolates the loaded initiator from the rest of the automobiles electrical systems, thereby avoiding accidental ignition of the initiator. Static protection is afforded by the electrical connections between the metal cup 32 and the header 36 with conductor 45 being electrically connected by welding charge holder 34 to both header 36 and conductor 45, all as shown in FIG. 3. 
     This design is intended to be welded into the airbag inflator system which installation of the initiator being achieved when the support cup 49 is fitted into a cylindrical space defined by a thin upstanding annular sleeve 52 formed on the base. The upper edge 53 of the annular sleeve is then welded to the upper edge of the support cup 49 thereby holding the initiator firmly in place. The two conductors 37 and 45 extend through opening 54 in the airbag inflator system base. Such circular welding is shown in FIG. 3. 
     Turning to FIG. 5, a coaxial header assembly D is shown comprising a header 61 with a cylindrical passage 62, in which one conductor 63 extends. Conductors 63 and 64 are part of the header 61, which part is preferably manufactured as a metal injection molded part. Conductor 63 is maintained in spaced relationship with the header central through passage 62 by a glass seal 65. 
     Ceramic base 66 of the header assembly has a cylindrical passage 67 in which conductors 63 and 64 extend with both conductors being an integral part of the header 61. Conductors 63 and 64 are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by glass sealing material 65 and through holes 68 and 69 in ceramic base 66. Such material 65 creates a glass seal which provides electrical isolation between the two conductors 63 and 64, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection of the header and the ceramic base 66. Such glass seal further provides a hermetic seal between the two conductors 63 and 64, and the ceramic base 66, and a hermetic seal between the header 61 and the conductor 63. 
     This design is intended to be built into a restraint inflator 401 with the electrical isolation of the conductor 63 being achieved when the top surface 70 of the header 61 is ground away exposing the glass seal material 65 and the conductor 63. 
     In FIG. 6 a coaxial initiator comprises a metal cup 82 welded at the base 93 of the header 86. The weld is not shown. An ignition charge 85, typically a mixture of zirconium powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the charge holder 84. The output charge 83, typically a mixture of titanium hydride powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the metal cup 82. 
     Header 86 has a cylindrical through passage 90 with conductor 87 extending through and terminating at upper surface 91. The conductor 87 is connected to the header 86 by a bridgewire 92, which is in contact with the ignition charge 85. The bridgewire 92 is heated by current from the firing circuit to ignite the ignition charge 85. The conductor 87 is maintained in spaced relationship with the header central through passage 70 by a glass seal 89. 
     The base 93 of header 86 creates an interference fit with the metal cup 82, the header 86 and metal cup 82 are further attached at base 93 of the header 86 using a penetration through laser weld (not shown). The weld joint acts to physically seal the enclosure and structurally retains the metal cup 82 onto the header 86 during functioning of the initiator. 
     The ceramic base 88 of the initiator has a cylindrical central passage 94 in which conductors 87 and 95 extend with the second conductor 95 being an integral part of the header 86. Conductors 87 and 95 are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by a glass seal 89 and through holes 96 and 97 in the ceramic base 88. A ferromagnetic material 125 is maintained in spaced relationships with the ceramic base 88 and the two conductors 87 and 95 by a glass sealing material 89. Such glass seal provides electrical isolation between conductors 87 and 95, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection of the header 6 and the ceramic base 88. Such glass seal further provides a hermetic seal between conductors 87 and 95, and the ceramic base 88, and a hermetic seal between the header 86 and the conductor 87. The glass seal between the two conductors 87 and 95, and the ceramic base 88, and the header 86 and the conductor 87, also provide a gas tight high pressure seal to the airbag inflation system when functioned to eliminate any leakage of unfiltered gas from the inflator through the initiator assembly. 
     The ceramic base 88 is the strength carrying member of the initiator system, the load on the initiator is transferred from the header 86 to the ceramic base 88, at the interface 123, then through the ceramic base 88 to the support ledge 120. 
     A plastic cup 81 fits over the metal cup 82 and electrically isolates the loaded initiator from the rest of the automobile&#39;s electrical system, thereby avoiding accidental ignition of the initiator. Static protection is afforded by the electrical connections between the metal cup 82, header 86 and conductor 95 which is a part of header 86. 
     The design is intended to be crimped into the airbag inflator system with the installation of the device being achieved when ceramic base 88 is fitted into a cylindrical space defined by a thin upstanding annular sleeve 122 formed on the base. The upper edge 121 of the annular sleeve is then crimped over tapered surface 99 trapping ceramic base 88 and the gasket 98 thereby holding the initiator firmly and sealingly in place. Conductors 87 and 95 extend through opening 124 in the airbag inflator system base. 
     Finally, FIG. 7 illustrates a coaxial initiator similar to the initiator of FIG. 1 which comprises a metal cup 202 welded at base 213 of header 206. The weld is not shown. An ignition charge 205, typically a mixture of zirconium powder and potassium perchlorate and an autoignition charge 325, typically a mixture of a fuel and an oxidizer designed to ignite between 150° C. and 250° C., are contained within the charge holder 204. The output charge 203, typically a mixture of titanium hydride powder and potassium perchlorate is contained within the metal cup 202. 
     Header 206 has a cylindrical through passage 210, in which conductor 207 extends terminating at the upper surface 211 of the header. Conductor 207 is connected to header 206 by a bridgewire 212 which is in contact with the ignition charge 205. The bridgewire 212 is heated by current from the firing circuit to ignite the ignition charge 205. Conductor 207 is maintained in spaced relationship with the header central through passage 210 by glass seal material 209. 
     The base portion 213 of header 206 creates an interference fit with the metal cup 202. Header 206 and metal cup 202 are attached at the base of the header 213 using a penetration through laser weld (not shown). This weld joint acts to physically seal the enclosure and structurally retains the metal cup 202 onto the header 206 during functioning of the initiator. 
     The ceramic base 208 of the initiator has a cylindrical central passage 214, in which two conductors 207 and 215 extend, the second conductor is an integral part of the header 206. The conductors 207 and 215 are maintained in spaced relationship with each other by glass sealing material 209 and through holes 216 and 217 in ceramic base 208. The glass sealing material 209 provides electrical isolation between the two conductors 207 and 215, and at the same time provides a secure physical connection of the header 206 and the ceramic base 208. The glass seal formed by material 209 further provides a hermetic seal between the two conductors 207 and 215, and the ceramic base 208, and a hermetic seal between the header 206 and the conductor 207, also provide a gas tight high pressure seal to the airbag inflation system when functioned to eliminate any leakage of unfiltered gas from the inflator through the initiator assembly. 
     The ceramic base 208 is the strength carrying member of the initiator system upon which the load on the initiator is transferred from the header 206 to the ceramic base 208 at the interface 323, then through the ceramic base 208 to the support ledge 320. 
     A plastic cup 201 fits over the metal cup 202 and electrically isolates the loaded initiator from the rest of the automobile&#39;s electrical systems, thereby avoiding accidental ignition of the initiator. Static protection is afforded by the electrical connections between the metal cup 202 and the header 206, which the conductor 215 is part of. 
     With reference again to FIG. 7, the initiator described is useful when installed in an airbag inflator system in which the installation of the initiator is achieved by the ceramic base 208 being fitted into a cylindrical space defined by a thin upstanding annular sleeve 322 formed on the base. The upper edge 321 of the annular sleeve is then crimped over tapered flange 219 trapping the ceramic base 208 and the gasket 218 thereby holding the initiator firmly in place. The two conductors 207 and 215 extend through opening 324 in the airbag inflator system base. 
     In FIG. 8 a schematic view of a vehicle occupant protection apparatus including an inflator 401, inflator cavity 405, an initiator 402, an airbag 403, and a crash sensor with firing circuit 404. Initiator 402 may include any of the initiators described herein. When an initiator 402 is installed by welding or crimping in cavity 405 of inflator 401 pressurized gases cannot pass through or around initiator 402. 
     Turning finally to FIG. 9 showing the plan view of initiator A of FIG. 1, round ended plastic cup 1, upper edge 21 of sleeve 22 and a portion of inflator 401 are shown. All initiator embodiments have the same general configuration as shown in FIG. 9.