Abstract:
A hinge is disclosed comprising one or more first hinge segments comprising a first surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated first lugs each having a first slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated first rods; one or more second hinge segments comprising a second surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated second lugs, each second lug having a second slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated second rods. The hinge has a first configuration of partial engagement of the first hinge segment with the second hinge segment where the first slots are aligned and engaged with the second rods; and a second configuration of full engagement of the first hinge segment and the second hinge segment wherein the first slots are rotatably engaged in a direction different than the first configuration.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention relates to a self-aligning hinge comprising self-aligning first and second segments, each segment independently having a plurality of spatially separated lugs with slots, and a plurality of spatially separated rods. 
     BACKGROUND 
     It is sometimes necessary to couple together a pair of opposite, mating members with a hinge so that the members can be opened from one another, e.g. in the case of a cabin or fuel section, doors, etc, which have to open to provide access, or be removed for repair or replacement. Typically, such hinges are of the conventional “piano” type having a collection of eyed lugs on each hinge segment that are threaded with a separate hinge pin. Such piano hinges (and pins) are typically of long lengths, e.g., over 100 inches or more, require tooling, time and man hours for installation and removal, especially for large, bulky, and/or heavy elements, such as fuel sections, or for doors located about an aerospace vehicle. Moreover, in such arrangements or environments, it may be difficult to maintain a tight fit between the hinged components, particularly if one of the components is damaged, bent, warped, or if the hinge pin is warped or corroded. The problem of properly aligning and providing a uniform and tight fit about the hinge may be further aggravated by such factors as manufacturing tolerances of one or both of the segments, corrosion, dirt, or other foreign objects between the mating halves of the housing. 
     An example of a structure in which such problems arise is provided by an aerospace vehicle fuselage comprised of hinged mating segments such as a door, pod, ordnance, or other body. The segments are securely hinged to the fuselage e so that access can be provided to the interior of the fuselage (e.g., doors, ramps, etc.) or pods (fuel or ordnance) can be attached/removed. When the mating fuselage/segments are aligned and then pivoted toward each other prior, it is necessary that the components properly align with each other upon alignment and rotation, and that the hinge pin can be properly and efficiently threaded through the length of the hinge so as to form a uniform, tight fit about the entire mating interface. 
     While, such a fit can be provided using a conventional piano hinge of rigid, inflexible design, such as that shown in  FIG. 1 , (hinge pin not shown) provided that the corresponding mating segments  1 ,  2  are manufactured to provide hinge elements within very close tolerance to receive a hinge pin. Such hinges are provided as a set with corresponding length pin, in extended lengths that are difficult to replace, requiring the entire hinge (and pin) to be removed if even only a small portion is damaged.  FIG. 2  represents a current application of hinge similar to that of  FIG. 1  used in the aerospace industry. It has been found to be somewhat limiting to implement such piano type hinges on aerospace vehicles, especially for those vehicles in need of rapid deployment or “readiness.” Such vehicles and bodies with such piano type hinges installed require achieving the necessary tolerances between mating components of the hinge and/or require excessive time to align, rotate and insert the hinge pin. For example, hinges and corresponding hinge pins of long, extended lengths (e.g. hundred or more inches) require power tools for installation. 
     SUMMARY 
     In a first embodiment, a hinge is provided. The hinge comprises one or more first hinge segments comprising a first surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated first lugs each having a first slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated first rods. The hinge comprises one or more second hinge segments comprising a second surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated second lugs, each second lug having a second slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated second rods. The hinge has a first configuration of partial engagement of the first hinge segment with the second hinge segment wherein each of the first slots is aligned and engaged with each of the second rods; and a second configuration of full engagement of the first hinge segment and the second hinge segment wherein each of the first slots is rotatably engaged in a direction different than the first configuration of partial engagement, whereby disengagement of the first hinge segment is prevented. 
     In a second embodiment, an aerospace vehicle comprising a hingeably attached body attached with a hinge is provided. The hinge comprises one or more first hinge segments comprising a first surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated first lugs each having a first slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated first rods; and one or more second hinge segments comprising a second surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated second lugs, each second lug having a second slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated second rods. In a first configuration of partial engagement of the first hinge segment with the second hinge segment, each of the first slots is aligned and engaged with each of the second rods. In a second configuration of full engagement of the first segment and the second hinge segment, each of the first slots is rotatably engaged in a direction different than the first configuration of partial engagement. 
     In a third embodiment, a method of self-aligning a hinge assembly, the method comprising: (i) providing a hinge comprising: one or more first hinge segments comprising a first surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated first lugs each having a first slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated first rods; one or more second hinge segments comprising a second surface having disposed thereon: a plurality of spatially separated second lugs, each second lug having a second slot formed therein; and a plurality of spatially separated second rods; (ii) receiving the second rods into the first slots of the first lugs and receiving the first rods into the second slots of the second lugs in an aligned and partially engaged configuration; and (iii) rotating the first segment about its longitudinal axis until the first slots are arranged in a direction different than the second slots. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The foregoing and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will be apparent from the following more particular description of an exemplified embodiment as illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which: 
         FIG. 1  is a front view of a related art “piano hinge” having first hinge member  1 , and second hinge member  2 , each having lugs  3  for receiving a hinge pin (not shown); 
         FIG. 2  is a side perspective view of a related art aerospace vehicle  5  with hinged body  30  on fuselage  6 ; 
         FIG. 3A  is an exploded view of section  39  of  FIG. 2 , showing related art hinge comprising first hinge member  9  with lugs  8   a  attached to body  30 , and second hinge member  7  with lugs  8   b  in an alignment configuration; 
         FIG. 3   b  is an exploded view of section  39  of  FIG. 2 , showing related art hinge comprising first hinge member  9  with lugs  8   a  attached to body  30 , and second hinge member  7  with lugs  8   b  attached to fuselage  6  in a fully engaged configuration with hinge pin  4  positioned for threading; 
         FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a hinge segment embodiment disclosed and described herein; 
         FIG. 5  is a perspective view of a hinge segment embodiment disclosed and described herein operably corresponding to the hinge segment of  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 6  is top plan view of a hinge assembly embodiment in a fully engaged configuration disclosed and described herein; 
         FIG. 7  is a section view along line  3 - 3  of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 8  is a sectional view along line  4 - 4  of  FIG. 6 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a hinge assembly embodiment in an alignment configuration as disclosed and described herein; 
         FIG. 10  is a perspective view of the hinge assembly embodiment of  FIG. 9  in a fully engaged configuration as disclosed and described herein; 
         FIG. 11  is a perspective view of a hinge assembly embodiment in a fully engaged configuration as disclosed and described herein; 
         FIG. 12  is a side perspective view of an aerospace vehicle embodiment with a hinge assembly embodiment as disclosed and described herein; 
         FIG. 13  is an exploded view of section  140  of  FIG. 12 , showing the hinge embodiment in an alignment state as disclosed and described herein; and 
         FIG. 14  is an exploded view of section  140  of  FIG. 12 , showing the hinge embodiment in a fully engaged configuration as disclosed and described herein. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the inventive subject matter. As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and/or “comprising,” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof. 
     When an element such as a body, segment, or fixture is referred to herein as being “on” or extending “onto” another element, it can be directly on or extend directly onto the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being extending “directly onto” another element, there are no intervening elements present. Also, when an element is referred to herein as being “connected” or “coupled” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to herein as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. In addition, a statement that a first element is “on” a second element is synonymous with a statement that the second element is “on” the first element. Although the terms “first”, “second”, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, segments, sections and/or parameters, these elements, components, regions, segments, sections and/or parameters should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, segment, or section from another region, segment, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, segment, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, segment, or section without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. 
     Relative terms, such as “lower”, “bottom”, “below”, “upper”, “top” or “above,” may be used herein to describe one element&#39;s relationship to another element as illustrated in the Figures. Such relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the aspects disclosed in addition to the orientation depicted in the Figures. For example, if the apparatus in the Figures is turned over, elements described as being on the “lower” side of other elements would then be oriented on “upper” sides of the other elements. The exemplary term “lower”, can therefore, encompass both an orientation of “lower” and “upper,” depending on the particular orientation of the figure. Similarly, if the apparatus in one of the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements would then be oriented “above” the other elements. The exemplary terms “below” or “beneath” can, therefore, encompass both an orientation of above and below. 
     The term “adjacent”, as used herein to refer to a spatial relationship between a first structure and a second structure, means that the first and second structures are next to each other (for example, where two elements are adjacent to each other, no other element is positioned between them). 
     The present disclosure provides a hinge assembly comprising “built-in” rods and/or lugs on operably mating segments that essentially self-align. The configuration of elements embodied in the instant disclosure permits easy, tool-less engagement of the hinge halves that positively lock/engage. The configuration further provides for engagement/locking by rotating one hinge segment (half). The present disclosure provides a hinge assembly that can be used as a direct replacement of or in combination with a piano-hinge type hinge. 
     The presently disclosed configuration provides a hinge assembly comprising multiple spatially separated rods and lugs on each hinge segment. Slots in the lugs are differently oriented on each hinge segment. Thus, in one aspect, multiple separated rod and lug segments on each hinge segment are arranged to fit into a mirror image-like hinge once aligned and engaged, allowing for one hinge segment to be rotated such that the slots of one segments lugs are un-aligned relative to the other hinge segment&#39;s slots. In this configuration, the un-aligned slots prevents the lugs from releasing from the rods. This instant configuration of slots provides for acceptance of minor misalignment of hinge segments (halves) and provides for self-alignment at engagement. Rotation of one of the hinge segments after engagement provides a fully engaged configuration and permits load bearing capability. The deployment of a plurality of discrete rods removes single point of failure. In addition, no special tools would be required for installation, alignment, and locking of the assembly. 
     The presently disclosed hinge assembly can be employed generally as a replacement of (or addition to) other types of hinges. In one aspect, the presently disclosed hinge assembly is employed for installing and securing bodies (e.g., fuel pods, hatches, ordnance supports, etc.) for an aerospace vehicle. Methods of hingeably attaching bodies to aerospace vehicles using the presently disclosed hinge assembly provides reduction in the time to assemble, tool-less installation, greater tolerance for misaligned and/or warped hinge elements, elimination of a single, long hinge pin, and the use of a plurality of short sections providing rapid replacement of damaged hinge sections. 
     In one aspect, the disclosed hinge assembly can be employed on helicopter vehicles. The hinge assembly can simplify the structural installation of various bodies to the fuselage of the helicopter. In one example, the hinge assembly can provide rapid installation of fuel pods to helicopters, such as the CH-47, as well as other bodies. 
     With reference to  FIG. 2 , a related art method and related art hinge assembly is depicted for installation of body  30  (e.g., fuel pod) with hinge member  9 , of an aerospace vehicle  5 , (e.g., a CH-47 helicopter) on fuselage  6  having continuous length piano hinge member  7 , which typically can be up to 110 inches long. Hinge pin  4 , which must be installed after alignment of hinge members  7  and  9 , are typically four (4) 24+ inch segments possibly needing the use of power tools. Aligning hinge lugs  8   a  and  8   b  are typically about 0.5 inches long. 
       FIGS. 3A-3B  shows the alignment-engagement of corresponding lugs  8   a ,  8   b  of fuel pod  3  and the threading of hinge pin  4 , is a process that is difficult and time-consuming due to various misalignments, e.g., fuselage sag that deflects continuous piano hinge half and/or lugs, fuel pod warpage that deflects continuous piano hinge half and/or lugs, and difficulty installing 24 inch or greater hinge pins through greater than 100 hinge lugs holes requiring power tools. 
     In contrast to the related piano hinge as depicted in  FIGS. 1-3 , and providing improvement in function and design, an embodiment of the instant hinge is shown in  FIGS. 4-5 . Thus, with reference to  FIG. 4 , first hinge segment  10  comprising first surface  16  having a longitudinal axis (along A 10 ) has a plurality of spatially separated first lugs  12  having a first slot  11 , and a plurality of spaced apart first rods  14 , projecting from first surface  16  along axis C 10 . First surface  16  is shown projecting along axis B 10 , and can be used to mount or otherwise fasten the first hinge segment to a body, for example, a body to be hingeably connected to another object. First projecting surface  17  of first segment  10  is shown projecting along axis C 10  and providing an L-like configuration with vertex (shown at the intersection of B 10  and C 10  in  FIG. 4 ). First segment  10  comprises two facing first members  13 ,  15 , with first rods  14  extending between the two facing first members separated a predetermined length  18 . Rods  14  each have longitudinal axes that are essentially collinear and/or coplanar along with longitudinal axis A 10 . First slots  11  are shown with each having a first direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the slot. 
     With reference to  FIG. 5 , second hinge segment  20  comprising a second surface  26  having a longitudinal axis (along A 20 ) has a plurality of spatially separated second lugs  21  having second slot  21 , and a plurality of spaced apart second rods  24 , projecting from second surface  26  along axis C 20 . Second segment  20  comprises two facing second members  23 ,  25 , with second rod  24  extending between the two facing second members a predetermined length  28 . Second rods  24  and second slots  21  are shown each having longitudinal axes that are essentially collinear and coplanar along longitudinal axis A 20 . Second slots  21  have a second direction transverse the longitudinal axis of the second slot that is different than the first direction of first slots  11 . Second surface  26  is shown projecting along axis B 20 , and can be used to mount or otherwise fasten second hinge segment  20  to an object, for example, an object to hingeably receive another object. First hinge segment  10  and second hinge segment  20  comprises a “hinge assembly” for use in combination to hingeably engage a body to an object. 
     The first surface  16  and the first projecting surface  17  (or second surface  26  and the second projecting surface  27 ) forms a vertex. In one aspect as shown in  FIGS. 4-5 , first and second lugs  12 ,  22 , and respective facing members  13 ,  15 , and  23 ,  25  can be configured to project from the proximity of the vertex of the projecting surfaces. In one aspect, the first segment  10  and/or second segment  20  are arranged in an L-like configuration, e.g., as exemplified in  FIGS. 4-5 . Each of the first segment  10  and the second segment  20  can comprises a plurality of spatially separated pairs S 10 , S 20 , respectively, of a single lug adjacent a single rod (and corresponding facing members). Such pairs of lug/rod/facing members can be separated a predetermined distance D, which can be constant or variable along the longitudinal length of the segment. The arrangement of lugs/rods with facing members can be altered from that depicted in the drawings, for example, a predetermined number of sequentially spaced lugs spatially separated from a predetermined number of sequentially spaced rods and facing members (e.g., at least some non-adjacent lugs/rods). Other arrangements of lugs/rods with facing members can be used. 
     Facing first members  13 ,  15 , and facing second members  23 ,  25 , and first rod  14  and second rod,  24 , can be configured, independently, with identical facing member separation distance, rod length, and/or rod diameter. Alternatively, they can be, independently configured with different rod lengths, rod diameters, and/or facing member widths, providing both segments of the assembly are cooperatively arranged for alignment configuration and locking configuration as described below. Rods  14 ,  24  can be positionally and/or rotationally fixed, or can be free to rotate about their longitudinal axis while extending between facing members  13 ,  15 ,  23 ,  25 . 
     Each of the first rods  14  and/or second rods  24  comprises a rod diameter, measured transverse to the rod longitudinal axis. Each of the first lug slots  11  and/or the second lugs slots  21  can be configured larger than the corresponding rod diameter to facilitate ease of alignment, engagement, and locking. In another aspect, one or more lugs can be configured of slightly smaller diameter and/or of a resilient material so as to snap-fit or otherwise provide an audible indication of engagement of the hinge segments. 
       FIG. 6  depicts hinge assembly  100 , shown in a fully engaged configuration of first segment  10  and second segment  20 .  FIG. 7  is a sectional view of  FIG. 6  taken along line  3 - 3  and depicts the arrangement and direction of first slots  11  of segment  10  in a fully engaged configuration containing second rod  24  of second segment  20 . First slot  11  direction can be represented by directional vector EE, which bisects angle E formed by the first slot walls. Directional vector EE is transverse to the longitudinal axis of first slot  11 . 
       FIG. 8  is a sectional view of  FIG. 6  taken along line  4 - 4  and depicts the arrangement and direction of second slot  21  of second segment  20  in a fully engaged configuration containing first rod  14  of first segment  10 . Second slot  21  direction can be represented by directional vector FF, which bisects angle F formed by the second slot walls. Directional vector FF is transverse to the longitudinal axis of second slot  21 . 
     As shown in  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the direction of first slots  11  and second slots  21  are different in the fully engaged configuration (e.g., directional vectors EE and FF in the fully engaged configuration of assembly  100  are not co-parallel). In one aspect, directional vectors EE and FF (projected in a common plane) in the fully engaged configuration can differ in their angular relationship to each other by about 30 degrees to about 150 degrees (“about” being inclusive of +/−10 degrees). In another aspect, directional vectors EE and FF in the fully engaged configuration can differ in their angular relationship to each other by about 80 degrees to about 100 degrees. In yet another aspect, directional vectors EE and FF in the fully engaged configuration can differ by about 85 degrees to about 95 degrees. 
     The first surface  16  and the first projecting surface  17  of first hinge segment  10  form angle G, and the second surface  26  and the second projecting surface  27  of the second hinge segment  20  form angle H. Angles G, H can, independently, be acute, normal, or obtuse as needed to mount to a structure or body. 
       FIGS. 9-10  depict, in an exemplary embodiment, the method of self-aligning configuration, engaging configuration, and fully engaged configuration of the presently disclosed hinge assembly  100 .  FIG. 9  depicts first hinge segment  10  with first surface  16  (along axis B 10 ) being aligned essentially coplanar with (e.g., stationary) second projecting surface  27  of hinge segment  20  (along axis C 20 ). In this alignment configuration, first slots  11  of first segment  10  can receive second rods  24  of second segment  20 , while first rods  14  of first segment  10  can be received by second slots  21  of second segment  20 .  FIG. 10  depicts the engaged configuration of first hinge segment  10  and second hinge segment  20  of assembly  100 .  FIG. 10  depicts the fully engaged configuration of assembly  100 , where rotation of first hinge segment  10  about axis A brings first surface  16  essentially parallel with second surface  26  of second segment  20 , first slots  11  are oriented with their direction opposed to second slots  21 , preventing disengagement of the segments from each other. Holes can be pre-formed in either surface of segments  10  or  20  for facilitating mounting and/or securing to a structure or body. 
       FIGS. 12-13  depict an exemplary application of hinge assembly  100  used in securing a body  32  (e.g., fuel pod) to an aerospace vehicle  60 . Thus, aerospace vehicle  60  (e.g., helicopter) with hingeably attached body  32  (e.g., fuel pod) is shown in  FIG. 12 . Exploded section view of area  140  of  FIG. 12  is shown in  FIG. 13  in an alignment configuration, where one or more of first segments  10  are mounted to body  32  with first surface  16  and first slots  11  coplanar with one or more of second segments  20  mounted to fuselage  42  of aerospace vehicle  60 . 
     After alignment of first slots  11  with second rods  24 , first hinge segment  10 , together with body  32 , is rotated to the fully engaged configuration as described above to provide self-aligning hinge assembly  100  on the aerospace vehicle. The presently disclosed hinge assembly provides for design flexibility for longer fuel pods for aerospace vehicles that can be installed with the same basic aerospace attachment design, more efficiently, and without special tooling.  FIG. 14  is an exploded view of section  140  of  FIG. 12 , showing the hinge embodiment in a fully engaged configuration. Other applications of the presently disclosed hinge assembly in addition to main or auxiliary fuel pod installations include, for example, refueling station doors, pylon clamshell doors, and pylon work platform doors. 
     Of course, the hinge assembly herein disclosed can also be used for providing the functionality of a hinged arrangement of parts of any kind, including for example, doors, hatches, and the like. The hinge assembly can be arranged and/or used in any orientation, e.g., vertically, horizontally, diagonally, etc. The hinge segment, lugs, rods, and other components, independently or in combination, can be fabricated from metal, plastic, composite, ceramic, wood, or combination. 
     Furthermore, while certain embodiments of the present disclosure have been illustrated with reference to specific combinations of elements, various other combinations may also be provided without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. Thus, the present disclosure should not be construed as being limited to the particular exemplary embodiments described herein and illustrated in the Figures, but may also encompass combinations of elements of the various illustrated embodiments and aspects thereof.