Abstract:
An upper horizontal surface  9, 10, 11 , comprising an access-ladder  7  with step-landing-platform  52 , the upper horizontal surface  9, 10, 11 , defining at least one surface for use as any or all, a surface for sleeping on, a surface for sitting on, a surface for leaning on, wherein at least part of either or both the access-ladder  7  and the step-landing-platform  52 , is positioned on or adjacent the upper horizontal surface  9, 10, 11 , and the step-landing platform  52  facilitates access between the access-ladder  7  and the upper horizontal surface  9, 10, 11 . The invention relates to improvements in accessing at least one upper bed for either or both domestic and commercial use within a room of a building, or within a passenger space; said passenger space defining a passenger cabin, either motorised or towable, and comprising any of, a motorised caravan, a trailer, a trailer caravan, a fifth-wheel trailer, a fifth-wheel trailer caravan, a boat, a ship, a bus, a coach, an aircraft, and a railway carriage.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF INVENTION 
       [0001]    improvements in accessing at least one upper bed for either or both domestic and commercial use within a room of a building, or within a passenger space; said passenger space defining a passenger cabin, either motorised or towable, and comprising any of, a motorised caravan, a trailer, a trailer caravan, a fifth-wheel trailer, a fifth-wheel trailer caravan, a boat, a ship, a bus, a coach, an aircraft, a railway carriage. 
       BACKGROUND OF INVENTION 
       [0002]    Perceiving and identifying the cause and real nature of the problem, a problem &amp; solution approach. 
         [0003]    End users, and more particularly the elderly and infirm, have difficulty moving between a passenger cabin and the horizontal-surface of an upper-bunk-bed. Currently, a simple movable or portable access-ladder is provided, comprising two side members connected by parallel rungs. It is particularly difficult moving between the access-ladder and the horizontal-surface of the upper-bunk-bed. The end user has to move from a vertical position, standing on a rung of the access-ladder, to a horizontal position, reclining on the surface of the upper-bunk-bed. This is not an easy manoeuvre, even for a physically fit and ambulant person. Although there is usually a hook-over fitment on top of the access-ladder, the access-ladder tends to wobble, because the end user&#39;s centre of gravity tends to move outside the base of the access-ladder during the transition between the access-ladder and the upper-bunk-bed. However, even if the access-ladder didn&#39;t wobble, the transition between access-ladder and upper-bunk-bed is physiologically demanding, and extremely difficult, if not impossible for most elderly and infirm passengers. The elderly, because of their circumstances and ownership of disposable income, tend to comprise the majority of leisure vehicle users. So their needs are important, and must be addressed. 
         [0004]    With regard to movable or portable access-ladders, prior art has focused on various means of storage, fixing and deployment. For example, see Knaus DE20300691-U1; Rossman GB254312 &amp; 243005; Invastesa EP0212492; Kubesch DE20219175U1; Iveco EP1749965; Hymer EP1842720; Hymer EP1842721. The real nature of the problem relating to access between the passenger cabin and the surface of an upper-bunk-bed has not been identified, and therefore no solution has been invented. Significantly, the invention herein described is the product of innovation, where inventive step lies, in part, with the identification of the true nature of the problem, namely, how does an elderly and probably infirm passenger access between the vertical standing position inside a passenger cabin and a fully reclined position on the surface of a bed, in relative ease and safety, and do this particularly within the confines of a passenger cabin where space is at a premium. 
         [0005]    Passenger cabin engineers have circumvented the issue by adding another low-level bunk-bed in the rear of the passenger cabin, and assigned the elderly and infirm user to this. Most domestic household beds are of the low level type, and this design has been adopted for the elderly. This is an obvious solution for skilled persons in the art. Any retained upper-bunk-bed has been re-assigned for use by more agile passengers such as young children or grand-children, who can be physically assisted by adults to move between the access-ladder and the horizontal-surface of the upper bunk-bed in relative safety. 
         [0006]    Passenger cabins in general, and particularly motorhomes and caravans, are designed to utilize space economically, because space is very limited. Both fuel costs and parking issues influence the minimum weight &amp; minimum space approach to motorhome and caravan design. Simply introducing another bed that requires additional floor space and abandoning the upper-bunk-bed for occasional use by younger and more ambulant passengers and visitors does not identify the real nature of the problem, and therefore does not address the problem. It merely sets the problem to one side. Ideally, for the best utilization of space, it is better to leave the bunk-bed in the upper position, and identify and address the cause of the problem, and thereby retain the economy of space utilization. There are several issues associated with the cause of the problem. 
         [0007]    One issue associated with the cause of the problem is that of the physiological difficulty relating to movement between the vertical standing position on the rung of an access-ladder and the horizontal reclined position on the surface of a bunk-bed. That is, the transition between these two members and between these two physiological positions. This is a serious problem, even if there were only one passenger using the upper-bunk-bed. 
         [0008]    A further issue associated with the cause of the problem is that of sleeping postures or sleeping profiles relating to end users. In current designs, end users sleep across the passenger cabin, with their heads toward one side and their feet toward the opposite side, in relation to the passenger cabin when viewed in plan view. When the person on the ‘inside’ wishes to move between the upper-bunk-bed and the access-ladder, they must first clamber over the person on the ‘outside’, that is, the person nearest the access-ladder. This not only disturbs the passenger on the ‘outside’, but makes even more difficult the task of moving between upper-bunk-bed and access-ladder. 
         [0009]    Many bunk-beds, particularly in motorhomes, are positioned above the driver, in an over-cab compartment. So a further issue associated with the cause of the problem relates to aerodynamics. Fuel costs are rising, so the more aerodynamic the front roof of the motorhome over cab compartment or a caravan, the greater will be the miles per gallon obtained on journey. 
         [0010]    So the cause of the difficulty is primarily related to the absence of creative perception in identifying the real nature of the problem. Secondly, the cause of the difficulty is also related to the subjects of aerodynamics, physiology and technical design engineering. Inventive step was required to identify the real nature of the problem, and then inventive step was further required to address the problem in a creative way, perceiving how these variables could be integrated and related in a way that would result in an innovative solution. 
         [0011]    A number of related embodiments have been invented. The first solution was designed to fit existing floor plans and upper-bunk-bed designs. This is useful, since the design can be immediately sold to passenger cabin manufactures without the need to develop new floor plans, which is costly and time consuming. 
         [0012]    Also, this design can be sold to existing passenger cabin end users, thereby providing a wide market for sales. This first solution comprises various embodiments of access-step with step-landing-platform. 
         [0013]    A first working solution provides a partial answer to the cause of the problem, and is an improvement over prior art. The access-ladder with step-landing-platform provides the end user with the facility to turn and sit or to turn and kneel upon the surface of the upper-bunk-bed before moving to the recline position. In the reverse direction, the access-ladder with step-landing-platform provides the end user with the facility to move from the recline position to the sitting position on the upper horizontal surface of the bunk-bed, before turning their feet and maneuvering their body on the step-landing-platform to orient themselves for moving to a standing position on the access-ladder. This is physiologically easier than that provided by prior art. Usefully, the surface for standing on of the step-landing-platform deployed for standing on, is positioned below the surface for sleeping on of the upper-bunk-bed deployed for sleeping on. Conveniently, the distance between the surface for sleeping on of the bunk-bed and the surface for standing on of the step-landing-platform is the same or similar to the distance between the surface for sitting on of a dining-chair seat and the floor. Beneficially, this distance between the surface for sleeping on of the bunk-bed and the surface for standing on of the step-landing-platform will vary according to precise function and application. Advantageously, there may be applications where the surface for standing on of the step-landing-platform is either level or higher than the surface for sleeping on of the bunk-bed. 
         [0014]    Prior art requires that an end user move directly from the standing position on the access-ladder to the reclined position on the upper-horizontal-surface of the bunk-bed. This is a very awkward manoeuvre, especially for an older passenger. The access-ladder with step-landing-platform provides an intermediate physiological position and respite. The end user can rest in the seated position and think through the next manoeuvre. So the transition between the access-ladder and the upper-horizontal-surface of the bunk-bed has been improved over prior art. 
         [0015]    A second working solution is better than the first working solution, since it provides greater physiological support for the end user when moving between the passenger cabin and the bunk-bed, and particularly when moving between the access-ladder and the surface of the bunk-bed, by the provision of a hand holding facility. At least one access-recess is provided in any or all, the upper-horizontal surface of a bunk bed, or between two parts of the upper-horizontal-surface of a bunk bed, or between at least two separate bunk bed upper-horizontal-surfaces. 
         [0016]    The access-ladder with step-landing-platform is positioned within or adjacent this access-recess. So the top surface of the bed adjacent the access-recess provides hand and arm support, especially during the difficult manoeuvre between access-ladder &amp; upper-horizontal-surface. Additionally, it allows end users to move between the access-ladder and the surface of the bunk-bed without clambering over another passenger, since each passenger sleeps, one on each side of the access-recess. Each passenger can move between their bunk-bed and the step-landing-platform without disturbing or only minimally disturbing the other passenger. This second working solution also identifies &amp; addresses the problem relating to aerodynamics. Passengers have the option to sleep with their head toward the rear, and their feet toward the front. So the front end of the passenger cabin can be a low profile aerodynamic shape when viewed in side elevation view. 
         [0017]    A barrier is provided to prevent passengers from unintentionally failing from the surface of the upper bunk-bed to the floor of the passenger cabin. Said barrier has been creatively designed to interlock with a movable upper-horizontal-surface of the bunk-bed, so that the barrier has to be lowered before the upper-horizontal-surface can be raised, thereby preventing a barrier member, unintentionally left in the raised position, from striking the inner surface of the passenger cabin roof when the horizontal surface of the bunk-bed is moved to the raised position. This second working solution is particularly suitable for Class ‘C’ type motorhomes with an alcove, which have an over-cab upper-bunk bed. 
         [0018]    A third working solution is similar to the second working solution, except that it is provided for Class ‘A’ integrated motorhomes, semi-integrated motorhomes and caravans. This third working solution usually comprises a single upper-horizontal-surface with two longitudinal sleeping positions, one each side of an access-recess. An access-ladder with step-landing-platform is positioned on or adjacent said access-recess. 
         [0019]    Moreover, when the upper-horizontal-surface is not being used as a sleeping surface or a sitting surface, it is often used for storing cargo or for other support functions. This is especially true when the passenger cabin is in the travelling mode. The provision of a step-landing-platform provides a surface for standing on to facilitate the movement of items such as cargo between the upper-horizontal-surface and the passenger cabin. 
         [0020]    Whilst other prior art upper beds are provided with access ladders which include a hook fixed to the access-ladder and a ‘U’ shaped bracket fixed to the upper bed, there is a tendency for the access-ladder to wobble in use. The tendency of the access-ladder to wobble in use is more severe if the centre of gravity of the person using the access-ladder moves outside the base area of the access-ladder. The tendency of the access-ladder to wobble in use is caused by a dimensionally loose fit in the joint between the hook and the ‘U’ shaped bracket. 
         [0021]    To address this issue, also provided and described is an optional safety arrangement, said safety arrangement being adapted to minimise the risk of injuries occurring to a person whilst using the access-ladder. The safety arrangement defines a retaining element comprising a hook and a ‘U’ shaped bracket, and includes a resilient means for applying spring bias to reduce or tend to reduce the dimensional tolerance between the access-ladder and the upper bed. 
       SUMMARY OF INVENTION 
       [0022]    According to this invention, there is provided an upper horizontal surface comprising an access-ladder with step-landing-platform, the upper horizontal surface defining at least one surface for use as any or all, a surface for sleeping on, a surface for laying on, a surface for sitting on, wherein at least part of either or both the access-ladder and the step-landing-platform is positioned on or adjacent the upper horizontal surface, and the step-landing platform facilitates access between the access-ladder and the upper horizontal surface. 
         [0023]    Beneficially, the upper horizontal surface is positioned within a passenger-space, the passenger space defining a motorised or towable passenger cabin, said passenger cabin comprising any of, a motorised caravan, a trailer, a trailer caravan, a fifth-wheel trailer, a fifth-wheel trailer caravan, a boat, a ship, a bus, a coach, an aircraft, a railway carriage. 
         [0024]    Conveniently, said access-ladder with step-landing-platform comprises integrated access-ladder and step-landing-platform. 
         [0025]    Usefully, the step-landing-platform is any of, fixed by means, movably fixed by means, detachably fixed by means on or adjacent either or both the access-ladder and the upper-horizontal-surface. 
         [0026]    Advantageously, the access-ladder is any of, fixed by means, movably fixed by means, detachably fixed by means on or adjacent either or both the step-landing-platform and the upper-horizontal-surface. 
         [0027]    Beneficially, there is provided at least one access-recess either or both within and between all or any said upper-horizontal-surface, and at least part of either or both said access-ladder and said step-landing-platform is positioned on or adjacent said access-recess to facilitate access between any or all said upper-horizontal-surface, said step-landing-platform, and said access-ladder. 
         [0028]    Conveniently, at least part of all or any said upper-horizontal-surface is movable between a retracted first position for storage and a deployed second position for said use. 
         [0029]    Beneficially, either or both said step-landing-platform and said access-ladder is movable between a first retracted position for storage and a second deployed position for standing on which facilitates access between any or all said upper-horizontal-surface, said step-landing-platform and said access-ladder. 
         [0030]    Usefully, there is provided either or both footstep means and handrail means positioned between said upper-horizontal-surface and said step-landing-platform to facilitate access between any or all said upper-horizontal-surface, said step-landing-platform, and said access-ladder. 
         [0031]    Advantageously, there is a plurality of either or both said footstep means and said handrail means. 
         [0032]    Conveniently, there is provided support means adjacent either or both said step-landing-platform and said access-recess to facilitate access between any or all said upper-horizontal-surface, said step-landing-platform, and said access-ladder. 
         [0033]    Usefully, said support means comprises either or both banister support and surface support. 
         [0034]    Advantageously, at least part of all or any said upper-horizontal-surface is movable about any of, a fixed axis means, a movable axis means, a detachable axis means between said retracted first position for storage and said deployed second position for use. 
         [0035]    Beneficially, said axis means is either or between substantially parallel and substantially diagonal in relation to the longitudinal axis of said passenger cabin when viewed in plan view. 
         [0036]    Usefully, said axis means is substantially perpendicular in relation to the longitudinal axis of said passenger cabin when viewed in plan view. 
         [0037]    Beneficially, said axis means comprises any axis which facilitates a pivoting action. 
         [0038]    Usefully, the upper horizontal surface is provided with barrier safety arrangement means movable between a deployed first position which inhibits unintentional access between the upper-horizontal-surface and either or both said step-landing-platform or said access-ladder and a stored second position which facilitates access between any or all said upper-horizontal-surface, said step-landing-platform, and said access-ladder. 
         [0039]    Conveniently, the upper horizontal surface is provided with barrier safety arrangement means which inhibit unintentional access between the upper-horizontal-surface and either or both said step-landing-platform or said access-ladder. 
         [0040]    Beneficially, the step-landing-platform comprises at least one platform of any size, shape, profile and area that will facilitate movement between said upper-horizontal-surface and said access-ladder. 
         [0041]    Usefully, said step-landing-platform supports at least part of a foot in a direction which is in addition to that, or other than that, where the longitudinal axis between big toe and heel is substantially parallel to the direction of movement between either or both the upper horizontal surface and said step-landing-platform or between said step-landing-platform and said access-ladder. 
         [0042]    Advantageously, there is provided a retaining element which any of, fixes, movably fixes, or detachably fixes either or both the access-ladder and the step-landing-platform on or adjacent the upper-horizontal-surface, said retaining element including at least one resilient means, said resilient means applying spring bias by any of, compression means, tension means and torsion means to reduce or tend to reduce all or any, movement, wobble, vibration and dimensional tolerance between said upper-horizontal-surface, and either or both said step-landing-platform, said access-ladder. 
         [0043]    Usefully, said retaining element is provided with at least two grooved surfaces that mesh together in use to reduce or tend to reduce any or all movement, wobble, vibration and dimensional tolerance between said ladder and said support means. 
         [0044]    Advantageously, at least one said grooved surface comprises at least part of said resilient means. 
         [0045]    Usefully, said step-landing-platform is movable about at least one axis means. 
         [0046]    Beneficially, said axis means comprises any axis which facilitates a pivoting action. 
         [0047]    Conveniently, said step-landing-platform is supported in either or both said stored first position and said deployed second position by means of at least one gas spring. 
         [0048]    Beneficially, either or both said footstep means and said handrail means comprise ladder-rungs. 
         [0049]    Conveniently, said step-landing-platform is provided with a non-slip surface overlay. 
         [0050]    Usefully, said non-slip surface overlay includes either or both a printed image or an integral image. 
         [0051]    Advantageously, said image is a logo. 
         [0052]    Usefully, said image is a picture. 
         [0053]    Advantageously, said step-landing-platform provides access for different sleeping postures on all or any said upper-horizontal-surface. 
         [0054]    Beneficially, the profile of at least one said different sleeping posture is either or between substantially parallel and substantially diagonal in relation to said longitudinal axis of said passenger cabin when viewed in plan view. 
         [0055]    Conveniently, said profile places feet substantially toward the front and head substantially toward the rear in relation to said passenger cabin when viewed in plan view. 
         [0056]    Usefully, said support means comprises any or all hand support means, arm support means, foot support means, leg support means, knee support means and body support means. 
         [0057]    Beneficially, said barrier safety arrangement means is manually movable between said first position and said second position. 
         [0058]    Conveniently, said barrier safety arrangement means is provided with latch means to detachably fix said barrier means in said first position. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0059]    In order that the invention may be more readily understood, and so that further features thereof may be appreciated, the invention will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0060]      FIGS. 1 and 2  are schematic top plan views showing the upper-horizontal-surface and the step-landing-platform in deployed positions. 
           [0061]      FIGS. 3 through 8  are schematic perspective views showing a passenger or driver moving between the upper-horizontal-surface and the cab or main body via the step-landing-platform and access-ladder. 
           [0062]      FIGS. 9 through 11  show two schematic side views and one schematic top plan view of a motorised (partially integrated design) caravan with the upper-horizontal-surface and step-landing-platform in both the upper stored position and the lower deployed position. 
           [0063]      FIGS. 12 through 14  show two schematic side views and one schematic top plan view of a motorised (fully integrated design) caravan with the upper-horizontal-surface and step-landing-platform in both the upper stored position and the lower deployed position. 
           [0064]      FIG. 15  and  FIG. 16  show two detail perspective views of the upper-horizontal-surface, with a fixed safety barrier, and step-landing-platform in deployed positions. 
           [0065]      FIG. 17  and  FIG. 18  show two detail perspective views of the upper-horizontal-surface with a moveable barrier means, wherein the movable barrier means is shown in a lower stored position, and the step-landing-platform is shown in a deployed position. 
           [0066]      FIG. 19  and  FIG. 20  show two detail perspective views of the upper-horizontal-surface with a movable barrier means, wherein the movable barrier means is shown in an upper deployed position, and the step-landing-platform is shown in a deployed position. 
           [0067]      FIGS. 21 through 24  show four detail schematic side views of a movable step-landing-platform, illustrating its movement between a lower deployed position ( FIG. 21 ) and an upper stored position ( FIG. 24 ). 
           [0068]      FIG. 25  and  FIG. 26  show schematic side views of two motorised (alcove design) caravans, one featuring a single cab design ( FIG. 25 ) and the other featuring a double cab design ( FIG. 26 ). 
           [0069]      FIG. 27  is a first detail isometric cross sectional view showing a fixed upper-horizontal-surface, and a fixed or movable step-landing-platform, with either or both footstep means and handrail means. 
           [0070]      FIG. 28  is a second detail isometric cross sectional view showing both fixed and movable upper-horizontal-surfaces and step-landing-platform in lower deployed positions. 
           [0071]      FIG. 29  is a third detail isometric cross sectional view showing movable upper-horizontal-surfaces and access-ladder in upper stored positions. 
           [0072]      FIG. 30  is a fourth detail isometric cross sectional view showing two separate and movable upper-horizontal-surfaces and step-landing-platform in lower deployed positions. 
           [0073]      FIG. 31  is a fifth detail isometric cross sectional view showing two separate and movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in an upper stored position. 
           [0074]      FIG. 32  is a sixth detail isometric cross sectional view showing movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in a lower deployed position, the step-landing-platform in a lower deployed position, and safety barrier means in an upper deployed position. 
           [0075]      FIGS. 33 through 35  are seventh, eighth and ninth detail isometric cross sectional views showing movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in a lower deployed position, the step-landing-platform in a lower deployed position, and part of safety barrier means in an upper deployed position and part of safety barrier means midway between an upper deployed position and a lower stored position. 
           [0076]      FIG. 36  is a tenth detail isometric cross sectional view showing movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in a lower deployed position, the step-landing-platform in a lower deployed position, and part of safety barrier means in an upper deployed position and part of safety barrier means in a lower stored position. 
           [0077]      FIG. 37  is a eleventh detail isometric cross sectional view showing movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in a lower deployed position, and the safety barrier means in a lower stored position. 
           [0078]      FIG. 38  is an twelfth detail isometric cross sectional view showing movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in an upper stored position, and the safety barrier means in a lower stored position. 
           [0079]      FIG. 39  is a thirteenth detail isometric cross sectional view showing part of movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in an upper stored position with corresponding safety barrier means in a lower stored position and part of movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in a lower deployed position with corresponding safety barrier means in an upper deployed position, and step-landing-platform in an upper stored position. 
           [0080]      FIG. 40  is a fourteenth detail isometric cross sectional view showing part of movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in an upper stored position with corresponding safety barrier means in a lower stored position and part of movable upper-horizontal-surfaces in a lower deployed position with corresponding safety barrier means in an upper deployed position, and step-landing-platform in a lower deployed position. 
           [0081]      FIG. 41  is a fifteenth detail isometric cross sectional view showing part of movable upper-horizontal-surface in a lower deployed position, and part of barrier safety means in a lower stored position and part of barrier safety means in a lower deployed position. 
           [0082]      FIG. 42  and  FIG. 43  are schematic end elevation views showing a movable upper-horizontal-surface mechanically linked to part of barrier safety means.  FIG. 42  shows the upper-horizontal-surface and part of barrier safety means in an upper stored position.  FIG. 43  shows the upper-horizontal-surface and part of barrier safety means in a lower deployed position. 
           [0083]      FIG. 44  through to  FIG. 48  are detail isometric views of an upper-horizontal-surface, without an access-recess, to which has been fixed a fold-up step-landing-platform.  FIG. 44  shows the step-landing-platform deployed, with an access-ladder attached to one side.  FIG. 45  shows the step-landing-platform deployed, with the access-ladder removed to storage.  FIG. 46  shows the step-landing-platform mid-way between a deployed position and a stored position.  FIG. 47  shows the step-landing-platform in the stored position.  FIG. 48  shows the upper-horizontal-surface mid-way between a deployed position and a stored position. 
           [0084]      FIG. 49  and  FIG. 50  are detail isometric views of an integrated access-ladder, step-landing-platform with either or both hand-rail means and foot-step means. 
           [0085]      FIG. 51  through to  FIG. 53  are detail isometric views of an integrated access-ladder and folding step-landing-platform and hand-rail means. 
           [0086]      FIG. 54  and  FIG. 55  are detail isometric views of an integrated access-ladder and folding step-landing-platform and hand-rail, wherein the step-landing-platform is provided with a non-slip surface. 
           [0087]      FIG. 56  is a detailed isometric view of an access-ladder adjacent both an upper-horizontal-surface and a step-landing-platform. 
           [0088]      FIG. 57  is a detail side elevation view and  FIG. 58  is a detail isometric view showing an access-ladder positioned adjacent an upper-horizontal-surface with the hook means of the retaining element and ‘U’ shaped bracket means of the retaining element shown apart. 
           [0089]      FIG. 59  through to  FIG. 61  show detail section views of the retaining element, with the hook means of the retaining element and the ‘U’ shaped bracket means of the retaining element shown in the inserted position. 
           [0090]      FIG. 62  is a detail isometric view and  FIG. 63  through to  FIG. 65  are detail section views of the retaining element, with the hook means of the retaining element and the ‘U’ shaped bracket means of the retaining element shown in the clamped position. 
           [0091]      FIG. 66  and  FIG. 67  show an exploded isometric view of the ‘U’ shaped bracket means of the retaining element. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0092]    Referring to  FIGS. 9 through 14 , and  25  and  26  of the accompanying drawings. The invention relating to improved passenger cabin upper-bunk-bed access can be used and applied in any type of passenger cabin, motorised or towable. For example,  FIGS. 9 through 11  show an application for a partially integrated motorised caravan.  FIGS. 12 through 14  show an application for a fully integrated motorised caravan or towable caravan.  FIGS. 25 and 26  show an application for an alcove design of motorised caravan, where there is an over cab bunk-bed compartment. 
         [0093]    Referring to  FIG. 27  of the accompanying drawings. In a first embodiment of the present invention there is provided an upper-horizontal-surface  3 , defining a surface as any or all, a surface for sleeping on, a surface for sitting on, storage means and support means. There is also provided step-landing-platform  52  fixed by means to step-landing-support-members  53 ,  54 . Step-landing-support-members  53 ,  54  are fixed by means to upper-horizontal-surface  3 . 
         [0094]    Step-landing-platform  52  defining all or any, access surface means, support surface means, maneuvering surface means, and storage surface means. Also provided are either or both footstep means and handrail means  8 , and access-ladder  7 . Either or both footstep means and handrail means  8  are fixed by means to step-landing-support-members  53 ,  54 . Access-ladder  7  is fixed by means to step-landing-platform  52 . 
         [0095]    Usefully, step-landing-platform  52  facilitates access between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and either or both cab area  35  (not shown) and main body  34 , by enabling a driver or passenger to turn and manoeuvre, thereby facilitating a useful physiological relationship or orientation between the driver or passenger and upper-horizontal-surface  3  for a selected sleeping posture or sleeping profile. This is especially useful where the driver or passenger is less ambulant or semi-ambulant as a result of either or both age and illness. Similarly beneficial, either or both footstep means and handrail means  8  provide at least one intermediate support means when moving between step-landing-platform  52  and upper-horizontal-surface  3 , thereby facilitating access between any or all upper-horizontal-surface  3 , step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7  and passenger cabin generally designated  1 . 
         [0096]    Referring to  FIGS. 9 through 20  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention there is shown movable upper-horizontal-surface  39  in a retracted position for storage, see  FIGS. 10 and 12 . There is also shown upper-horizontal-surface  39  in a deployed position for sleeping on, see  FIGS. 9 ,  11 , and  13  through  20 . Advantageously, upper-horizontal-surface  39  moves between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed position for sleeping on by the action of standard spring balance hinge and stay means  36 ,  37 ,  68  and  69 . 
         [0097]    Beneficially, and when viewed in plan view, upper-horizontal-surface  39  is shown with access-recess  4 , into which is positioned, or adjacent to which is positioned, step-landing-platform  52 . Advantageously, positioning step-landing-platform  52  forwardly within or adjacent access-recess  4  reduces congestion within main body  34  by providing additional unobstructed floor space. Usefully, access-recess  4  also provides support means  62 ,  63  and  64  to facilitate movement between any or all upper-horizontal-surface  39 , step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7 , cab area  35  and main body  34 . Beneficially, support means  62 ,  63  and  64  comprise banister support means. Alternatively, support means  62 ,  63  and  64  comprise surface support means. 
         [0098]    Typically there is shown fixed barrier members  80 ,  180  see  FIG. 15  and  FIG. 16 . Usefully, fixed barrier members  80 ,  180  inhibits accidental or unintentional access from upper-horizontal-surface  39  to any or all step-landing-platform  52 , main body  34  and cab area  35 . Beneficially, fixed barrier members  80 ,  180  facilitates intentional access between any or all upper-horizontal-surface  39 , step-landing-platform  52 , main body  34  and cab area  35 , by providing at least hand holding support means. 
         [0099]    Typically, there are shown movable barrier members  40 ,  45 ,  145  and  140  movable between an upper deployed position for providing barrier means and a lower retracted position for storage, see  FIGS. 17 through 20 . Advantageously, stop means  81  and  181  are fixed by means to a suitable part of main body  34 . Usefully, as barrier member  140  moves from a lower retracted position for storage to an upper deployed position for providing barrier means, stop foot  83  on barrier member  140  moves from stop foot housing  82  to a position adjacent to stop means  81 , thereby preventing upper-horizontal-surface  39  from moving upwardly toward an upper retracted position for storage. Advantageously, this interlocking feature prevents upper-horizontal-surface  39  from moving from a lower deployed position for sleeping on to an upper retracted position for storage when barrier member  140  is in a deployed upper position for providing barrier means, thereby avoiding the possibility of barrier member  140  colliding with the ceiling inner roof surface of main body  34 . 
         [0100]    Beneficially, and in a similar way, as barrier member  40  moves from a lower retracted position for storage to an upper deployed position for providing barrier means, stop foot  183  on barrier member  40  moves from stop foot housing  182  to a position adjacent to stop means  181 , thereby preventing upper-horizontal-surface  39  from moving upwardly toward an upper retracted position for storage. Advantageously, this interlocking feature prevents upper-horizontal-surface  39  from moving from a lower deployed position for sleeping on to an upper retracted position for storage when barrier member  40  is in a deployed upper position for providing barrier means, thereby avoiding the possibility of barrier member  40  colliding with the ceiling inner roof surface of main body  34 . 
         [0101]    Conveniently, barrier member  140  moves about axis  142  and barrier member  40  moves about axis  42 . 
         [0102]    Referring also to  FIGS. 33 through 35 . Usefully, barrier member  45  moves about axis  47 . Beneficially, as barrier member  45  approaches an upper deployed position for providing barrier means, dowel-pin slot  48  engages dowel pin  43 . Conveniently, when dowel pin slot  48  engages dowel pin  43 , then barrier member  40  is prevented from moving downwardly from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means, to a lower retracted position for storage. 
         [0103]    Beneficially, push latch means  46  is then operated by manually moving extending bolt means  49  to a latched position inside bolt slot means  44  to prevent barrier member  45  from moving from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means to a lower retracted position for storage. Advantageously, in this latched position, barrier member  40  and  45  are detachably fixed together in the upper deployed position for providing barrier means. 
         [0104]    Conveniently, and in the reverse order, extending bolt means  49  is moved from a latched position inside bolt slot means  44  by inserting a key to release the latching mechanism inside push latch means  46 . Advantageously, said key operated latch release system reduces the possibility of unintentional operation, particularly by children. Usefully, barrier member  45  is then moved from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means to a lower retracted position for storage. Beneficially, then barrier member  40  can then be moved from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means to a lower retracted position for storage, thereby moving stop foot  183  away from stop means  181  and allowing upper-horizontal-surface  39  to move from a lower deployed position for sleeping on to an upper retracted position for storage. 
         [0105]    Similarly, and usefully, barrier member  145  moves about axis  147 . Beneficially, as barrier member  145  approaches an upper deployed position for providing barrier means, dowel-pin slot  148  engages dowel pin  143 . Conveniently, when dowel pin slot  148  engages dowel pin  143 , then barrier member  140  is prevented from moving downwardly from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means to a lower retracted position for storage. Beneficially, push latch means  146  is then operated by manually moving extending bolt means  149  to a latched position inside bolt slot means  144  to prevent barrier member  145  from moving from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means to a lower retracted position for storage. Advantageously, in this latched position, barrier member  140  and  145  are detachably fixed together in the upper deployed position for providing barrier means. 
         [0106]    Conveniently, and in the reverse order, extending bolt means  149  is moved from a latched position inside bolt slot means  144  by inserting a key to release the latching mechanism inside push latch means  146 . Usefully, barrier member  145  is then moved from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means to a lower retracted position for storage. 
         [0107]    Beneficially, barrier member  140  can then be moved from an upper deployed position for providing barrier means to a lower retracted position for storage, thereby also moving stop foot  83  away from stop means  81  to allow upper-horizontal-surface  39  to move from a lower deployed position for sleeping on to an upper retracted position for storage. 
         [0108]    Referring to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2  and to  FIGS. 28 and 29  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, there is shown upper-horizontal-surfaces  9 ,  10  and  11 , with access-recess  4 , step-landing-platform  52  and access-ladder  7 . Also shown are support surfaces  62 ,  63  and  64 . Usefully, upper-horizontal-surface  9  is movable between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed position for sleeping on. Upper-horizontal-surface  9  is shown in the lower deployed position for sleeping on. Preferably, upper-horizontal-surface  9  moves about axis  12 . Beneficially, axis  12  is either or between substantially parallel and substantially diagonal in relation to the longitudinal axis of passenger cabin generally designated  1  when viewed in plan view. 
         [0109]    Similarly and usefully, upper-horizontal-surface  10  is movable between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed position for sleeping on. Upper-horizontal-surface  10  is shown in the lower deployed position for sleeping on. Preferably, upper-horizontal-surface  10  moves about axis  13 . Beneficially, axis  13  is either or between substantially parallel and substantially diagonal in relation to the longitudinal axis of passenger cabin generally designated  1  when viewed in plan view. 
         [0110]    Advantageously, upper-horizontal-surface  11  is fixed or detachably fixed or movably fixed to over-cab compartment floor  19 . 
         [0111]    Conveniently, edge profile  14  of upper-horizontal-surface  9  is diagonally angled in relation to the longitudinal axis of passenger cabin generally designated  1 , when viewed in plan view. Consequently, and usefully, when upper-horizontal-surface  9  is moved upwardly about axis  12 , the diagonal angle of edge profile  14  will fit under or against the corresponding diagonal angle of inside sloping roof  27  of over-cab compartment  2 . 
         [0112]    Similarly and conveniently, edge profile  15  of upper-horizontal-surface  10  is diagonally angled in relation to the longitudinal axis of motorised caravan  1 , when viewed in plan view. Consequently, and usefully, when upper-horizontal-surface  10  is moved upwardly about axis  13 , the diagonal angle of edge profile  15  will fit under or against the corresponding diagonal angle of inside sloping roof  27  of over-cab compartment  2 . 
         [0113]    Usefully, the angle of edge profile  28  of upper-horizontal-surface  11  corresponds to the angle of edge profile  14  of deployed upper-horizontal-surface  9  so that there is a minimal gap between upper-horizontal-surface  9  and upper-horizontal-surface  11 . 
         [0114]    Similarly and conveniently, the angle of edge profile  29  of upper-horizontal-surface  11  corresponds to the angle of edge profile  15  of deployed upper-horizontal-surface  10  so that there is a minimal gap between upper-horizontal-surface  10  and upper-horizontal-surface  11 . 
         [0115]    Beneficially, upper-horizontal-surface  11  also provides storage space for access-ladder  7 . Usefully, upper-horizontal-surface  11  comprises additional space upon which to sleep or sit. Typically, upper-horizontal-surface  11  comprises any or all furniture means, support means or storage means. 
         [0116]    Usefully, as well as providing easier access between upper-horizontal surfaces  9 ,  10 ,  11  and step-landing-platform  52 , a sleeping profile that is either or between substantially parallel and substantially diagonal in relation to the longitudinal axis of passenger cabin generally designated  1  when viewed in plan view, with driver or passenger head toward the rear and driver or passenger feet toward the front, also provides aerodynamic benefits. Advantageously, interior wall surfaces  30  and  31  of over-cab compartment  2  are profiled so that they taper inwardly toward the front end of passenger cabin generally designated  1 , when viewed in plan view. Correspondingly, the exterior wall surfaces of over-cab compartment  2  are also profiled so that they taper inwardly toward the front end of passenger cabin generally designated  1  when viewed in plan view, thereby providing an aerodynamic profile. 
         [0117]    Usefully, interior ceiling surface  27  of over cab compartment  2  tapers downwardly toward the front end of passenger cabin generally designated  1 , when viewed in side elevation view. Correspondingly, the exterior roof of over-cab compartment  2  is also profiled so that it tapers downwardly toward the front end of passenger cabin generally designated  1  when viewed in side elevation view, thereby providing an aerodynamic profile. 
         [0118]    Conveniently, the innermost rear corner of upper-horizontal-surface  9  in a lower deployed position for sleeping on is at least partially supported by adjacent furniture means at position  32 . Similarly, and usefully, the innermost rear corner of upper-horizontal-surface  10  in a lower deployed position for sleeping on is at least partially support by adjacent furniture means at position  33 . 
         [0119]    Referring also to  FIGS. 3 through 8  of the accompanying drawings. Usefully,  FIGS. 3 through 8  illustrate the relative ease by which driver or passenger  78  moves between upper-horizontal-surface  9 ,  10 ,  11  and passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown), when compared with means of access provided in existing prior art.  FIG. 3  shows driver or passenger  78  ascending or descending access-ladder  7  (not shown) with their arms and hands extended to support themselves on support surface  62  of upper-horizontal-surface  10  and support surface  63  of upper-horizontal-surface  9 . 
         [0120]      FIG. 4  shows driver or passenger  78  standing on step-landing-platform  52  (not shown) with their arms and hands extended to support themselves on support surface  62  of upper-horizontal-surface  10  and support surface  63  of upper-horizontal-surface  9 . 
         [0121]      FIG. 5  shows driver or passenger  78  turning their feet and maneuvering their body on step-landing-platform  52  to orientate and align themselves in preparation for moving between upper-horizontal-surface  9  and step-landing-platform  52 . Driver or passenger  78  has their arms and hands extended to support themselves on support surface  62  of upper-horizontal-surface  10 . 
         [0122]      FIG. 6  shows driver or passenger  78  moved to a sitting position on upper-horizontal-surface  9  with their arms and hands extended onto upper-horizontal-surface  9  to support themselves. 
         [0123]      FIG. 7  shows driver or passenger  78  moving between a sitting position and a reclining position on upper-horizontal-surface  9 , with their feet moving between step-landing-platform  52  and either or both upper-horizontal-surfaces  9  and  11 . 
         [0124]      FIG. 8  shows driver or passenger  78  in a reclined or sleeping position on upper-horizontal-surface  9  with their head substantially toward to rear and their feet substantially toward the front in relation to passenger cabin generally designated  1  and when viewed in plan view. 
         [0125]    Referring to  FIG. 30  and  FIG. 31  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, two separate upper-horizontal-surfaces  58  and  59  are shown.  FIG. 30  shows upper-horizontal-surfaces  58  and  59  in a lower deployed position for sleeping on, resting on over-cab compartment floor  19 .  FIG. 31  shows upper-horizontal-surfaces  58  and  59  in an upper retracted position for storage to facilitate access between cab area  35  (not shown) and main body  34 .  FIG. 30  shows step-landing-platform  52  and access-ladder  7  deployed within or adjacent access-recess  4  to facilitate access between horizontal surfaces  58 ,  59  and any or all step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7 , main body  34  and cab area  35  (not shown). 
         [0126]    Usefully, upper-horizontal-surface  58  moves about axis  12 , and upper-horizontal-surface  59  moves about axis  13 . Advantageously, the assembly comprising step-landing-platform  52  and step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54  is detachably fixed on or adjacent over-cab compartment floor  19 . Usefully, access-ladder  7  is detachably fixed on or adjacent step-landing-platform  52 . In  FIG. 30 , step-landing-platform  52 , step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54  and access-ladder  7  are show in a deployed position to facilitate movement between upper-horizontal-surfaces  58  and  59  and any or all step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7 , main body  34  and cab area  35  (not shown). In  FIG. 31 , step-landing-platform  52 , step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54  and access-ladder  7  are detached and removed to storage (not shown). 
         [0127]    Referring to  FIG. 21  through to  FIG. 24  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 21  through to  FIG. 24  show step-landing-platform  52  moving between a deployed position for standing on, and a retracted position for storage. Usefully, step-landing-platform  52  moves about axis means  65 ,  165  between a deployed position that is substantially parallel with upper-horizontal-surface  39  and a retracted position that is substantially perpendicular to upper-horizontal-surface  39  and adjacent step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54 . 
         [0128]    Conveniently, step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54  move between a lower deployed support position and an upper retracted position for storage about axis means  55 ,  56 . Beneficially, a first fixed part of gas spring  84  is movably attached by means on upper-horizontal-surface  39  at position  85  and a second movable part of gas spring  84  is movably attached by means on step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54  at position  86 . 
         [0129]    Conveniently, as support members  53 ,  54  move between a retracted position for storage and a deployed support position, the direction of the linear force applied by gas spring  84  between position  85  and position  86  passes through an imaginary line drawn between axis means  55 ,  56  and position  85  when viewed in side elevation in relation to passenger cabin generally designated  1 . 
         [0130]    Consequently, the force applied by gas spring  84  holds support members  53 ,  54  in both the upper retracted position for storage and the lower deployed support position. 
         [0131]    Usefully, the fixed part of axis means  55 ,  56  is attached by means to upper-horizontal-surface  39 . Advantageously, the moving part of axis means  55 ,  56  is attached by means to step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54 . 
         [0132]    Referring to  FIG. 39  and  FIG. 40  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 39  and  FIG. 40  show a step-landing-platform  52  fixed by means to step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54 . Conveniently, step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54  are movably attached by axis means  55 ,  56  to upper-horizontal-surface  11 . Advantageously, assembly comprising step-landing-support-members  53 ,  54  and step-landing-platform  52  move between an upper retracted position for storage, and a lower deployed position for standing on, about axis means  55 ,  56 . 
         [0133]    Usefully, the fixed part of axis means  55 ,  56  is attached by means to upper-horizontal-surface  11 . Advantageously, the moving part of axis means  55 ,  56  is attached by means to step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54 . 
         [0134]    Referring to  FIG. 32  through to  FIG. 38  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, axis  13  about which upper-horizontal-surface  10  moves is either or between substantially parallel and substantially diagonal in relation to the longitudinal axis of passenger cabin generally designated  1  when viewed in plan view. Barrier member  40  moves about axis means  42  between an upper deployed position for providing barrier means and a lower retracted position for storage. The detail view in  FIG. 37  shows barrier member  40  in a lower retracted position for storage. Usefully, and referring to  FIGS. 37 and 38 , when barrier member  40  is in a lower retracted position for storage, upper-horizontal-surface  10  can move about axis  13 . 
         [0135]    Conveniently, and referring to  FIG. 34 , when barrier member  40  is in an upper deployed position for providing barrier means and adjacent stop means  41 , upper-horizontal-surface  10  cannot move about axis  13 . This interlocking safety feature prevents upper-horizontal-surface  10  from moving from a lower deployed position for sleeping on to an upper retracted position for storage when barrier member  40  is in a deployed upper position for providing barrier means, thereby avoiding the possibility of barrier member  40  colliding with over-cab compartment inner ceiling  27 . 
         [0136]    Referring to  FIG. 41  through to  FIG. 43  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, axis  13  about which upper-horizontal-surface  10  moves is either or between substantially parallel and substantially diagonal in relation to the longitudinal axis of passenger cabin generally designated  1  when viewed in plan view. Barrier member  40  moves about axis means  72  between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed position for providing barrier means. Advantageously, first connecting means  77  is fixed by means to barrier member  40 . Usefully, first slide means  76  is fixed by means to upper-horizontal-surface  10 . Alternatively, first slide means  76  is an integral slide means in upper-horizontal-surface  10 . Conveniently, barrier member  40  is mechanically linked to upper-horizontal-surface  10  via first connecting means  77  and first slide means  76 . Usefully, first connecting means  77  is movably attached to first slide means  76 . Consequently, as upper-horizontal-surface  10  moves between an upper stored position to facilitate access between cab area  35  (not shown) and main body  34 , and a lower deployed position for sleeping on, so barrier member  40  moves between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed position for providing barrier means. 
         [0137]    Usefully, second connecting member  71  is fixed by means to barrier member  40 . Conveniently, second slide means  74  is attached by means to support panel  73 . Alternatively, second slide means  74  is an integral slide means in support panel  73 . Advantageously, second connecting member  71  is movably attached to second slide means  74 . Beneficially, the position of end stop  70  is such that when upper-horizontal-surface  10  has moved from an upper stored position to facilitate access between cab area  35  (not shown) and main body  34 , to a lower deployed position for sleeping on, then second connecting means  74  is positioned adjacent end stop  70 . Consequently, upper-horizontal-surface  10  in a lower deployed position for sleeping on is at least partly supported by end stop  70  in support panel  73 . 
         [0138]    Referring to  FIG. 44  through to  FIG. 48  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, step-landing-platform  52  is usefully fixed by means to upper-horizontal-surface  3 . Beneficially, access-ladder  7  is detachably fixed by means to the side of step-landing-platform  52 . Advantageously, upper-horizontal-surface  3  provides either or both banister support means and surface support means to facilitate access between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and any or all step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7 , and passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown). Conveniently, either or both foot step means or handrail means  8  provides support means when moving between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and any or all step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7 , and passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown). Advantageously, and referring to  FIG. 45  through to  FIG. 48 , access ladder  7  is moved to a stored position (not shown). Usefully, step-landing-platform  52  moves in the direction of arrow ‘A’ about axis means  65 ,  165  between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed position for standing on. Beneficially, step-landing-platform-support-members  53 ,  54  move in the direction of arrow ‘B’ about axis means  55 ,  56  between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed support position.  FIG. 48  shows upper-horizontal-surface  3  moving in the direction of arrow ‘C’, about axis ‘D’, from a lower deployed position for sleeping on to an upper retracted position for storage. 
         [0139]    Referring to  FIG. 49  and to  FIG. 50  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention,  FIG. 49  usefully shows access-ladder  7 , step-landing-platform  52  and either or both foot-step means and hand-rail means  8 , all of which are integrated to form integrated-access-means generally designated  87 . Typically  FIG. 50  beneficially shows access-ladder  7 , step-landing-platform  52  and either or both foot-step means and hand-rail means  8 , all of which are integrated to form integrated-access-means generally designated  102 . 
         [0140]    Advantageously, either integrated-access-means generally designated  87 , or integrated-access-means generally designated  102  can be fitted to new or retrofitted to existing passenger cabins, generally designated  1  (not shown). 
         [0141]    Conveniently, either integrated-access-means generally designated  87  or integrated-access-means generally designated  102  are any or all fixed, movably fixed or detachably fixed to upper-horizontal-surface  3  by means, at positions  88  and  89  as shown in  FIGS. 49 and 50 . 
         [0142]    Advantageously, integrated-access-means generally designated  87  and integrated-access-means generally designated  102  move between a first stored position (not shown) to facilitate passenger movement within passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown) or facilitate access between cab area  35  (not shown) and main body  34  (not shown) and a second deployed position which facilitates access between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown). 
         [0143]    Conveniently, also shown is at least one, either or both, footstep means and handrail means  8  providing intermediate support means when moving between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and any or all step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7 , and passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown). 
         [0144]    Referring to  FIG. 51  through to  FIG. 53  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, access-ladder  7 , movable step-landing-platform  52  and either or both footstep means and handrail means  8 , are usefully integrated to form integrated-access-means generally designated  92  which can be fitted to new or retrofitted to existing passenger cabins, generally designated  1  (not shown). Beneficially, integrated-access-means generally designated  92  is any or all fixed or movably fixed or detachably fixed to upper-horizontal-surface  3  by means at positions  88 ,  89 . Typically, a means by which integrated-access-means generally designated  92  is any or all fixed or movably fixed or detachably fixed to upper-horizontal-surface  3  comprises retaining elements  99 ,  199  at positions  88 ,  89 , see  FIG. 53 . Beneficially, retaining elements  99 ,  199  each comprise a hook and ‘U’ shaped socket assembly. Said hook is fixed by means to access-ladder  7 , and said ‘U’ shaped socket assembly is fixed by means to upper-horizontal-surface  3 . 
         [0145]    Advantageously, integrated-access-means generally designated  92  moves between a first stored position (not shown) to either or both facilitate passenger movement within passenger cabin generally designated  1  or facilitate access between cab area  35  (not shown) and main body  34  (not shown) and a second deployed position for standing on which facilitates access between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown). 
         [0146]    Beneficially, and to facilitate storage in said first stored position, integrated-access-means generally designated  92  is reduced in size in at least one dimensional plane by moving step-landing-platform  52  from a second deployed position for standing on, as shown in  FIG. 51 , to a first retracted position for storage as shown in  FIG. 52 . Preferably, movable step-landing-platform  52  pivots about axis means  65 ,  165  between said first retracted position for storage and said second deployed position for standing on. Usefully, pivoting step-landing-platform  52  is supported in said second deployed position for standing on by step-landing-support-stays  90  and  91 . 
         [0147]    Advantageously, step-landing-support-stays  90  and  91  are movable by means to facilitate the movement of pivoting step-landing-platform  52  between said first retracted position for storage and said second deployed position for standing on. Usefully, step-landing-support-stay means  90  and  91  are movable by any or all pivoting means, sliding means, folding means, and bending means. 
         [0148]    Typically, one end of step-landing-support-stay means  90  is movably attached to pivoting step-landing-platform  52  at position  97 , and the opposite end of step-landing-support-stay means  90  comprises first sliding means  94  which is mechanically linked to access-ladder  7  via first connecting means  93 . Conveniently, one end of first connecting means  93  is fixed by means to access-ladder  7 , and the opposite end of first connecting means  93  is moveably attached to first sliding means  94 . 
         [0149]    Conveniently, one end of step-landing-support-stay means  91  is movably attached to pivoting step-landing-platform  52  at position  98 , and the opposite end of step-landing-support-stay means  91  comprises second sliding means  96  which is mechanically linked to access-ladder  7  via second connecting means  95 . Beneficially, one end of first connecting means  95  is fixed by means to access-ladder  7 , and the opposite end of first connecting means  95  is moveably attached to second sliding means  96 . 
         [0150]    Consequently, as pivoting step-landing-platform  52  moves about pivot axis  65 ,  165  between a second deployed position for standing on and a first retracted position for storage, so first slide means  94  will move relative to first connecting means  93 , and second slide means  96  will move relative to second connecting means  95 . 
         [0151]    Usefully, and to provide support for pivoting step-landing-platform  52  in a second deployed position for standing on, the end of first sliding means  94  that is furthest from position  97  will be adjacent and supported by first connecting means  93 , and the end of second sliding means  96  that is furthest from position  98  will be adjacent and supported by second connecting means  95 . 
         [0152]    Conveniently, either or both footstep means and handrail means  8  provides intermediate support means for moving between pivoting step-landing-platform  52  and upper-horizontal-surface  3 , thereby facilitating access between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and any or all pivoting step-landing-platform  52 , access ladder  7 , and passenger cabin generally designate  1 . 
         [0153]    Referring to  FIG. 54  and  FIG. 55  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, pivoting step-landing-platform  52  is usefully provided with a non-slip surface  100  or alternatively, a non-slip surface  101 . Advantageously, non-slip surface  100  includes a printed or integral logo image. Beneficially, non-slip surface  101  includes a printed or integral picture image. Alternatively, either or both non-slip surface  100  and non-slip surface  101  include images of any design or type. 
         [0154]    Referring to  FIG. 56  of the accompanying drawings. In a further embodiment of the present invention, access-ladder  7  is on upper-horizontal-surface  3  and adjacent step-landing-platform  52 . Usefully, access between passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown) and upper-horizontal-surface  3  is via access-ladder  7  and step-landing-platform  52 . 
         [0155]    Advantageously, step-landing-platform  52  moves about lower axis means  65 ,  165  between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed position for standing on.  FIG. 54  shows step-landing-platform  52  in a lower deployed position for standing on. Beneficially, step-landing support members  53 ,  54  move about upper axis means  55 ,  56  between an upper retracted position for storage and a lower deployed support position.  FIG. 54  shows step-landing support members  53 ,  54  in a lower deployed support position. 
         [0156]    Conveniently, either or both footstep means and handrail means  8  facilitates access between upper-horizontal-surface  3  and any or all step-landing-platform  52 , access-ladder  7 , and passenger cabin generally designated  1  (not shown) 
         [0157]    Referring to  FIG. 57  and  FIG. 58  of the accompanying drawings. Usefully, hook  103 ,  1030  are shown fixed by means to access-ladder  7 . Advantageously, ‘U’ shaped bracket  107  is shown fixed by means via screw-bolt-hole bosses  109 ,  110  to upper-horizontal-surface  3 . Beneficially, ‘U’ shaped bracket  1070  is shown fixed by means via screw-bolt-hole bosses  111 ,  112 . Conveniently, resilient means  104  is contained within ‘U’ shaped bracket  107 , and resilient means  1040  is contained within ‘U’ shaped bracket  1070 . 
         [0158]    Referring to  FIG. 59  through to  FIG. 61  of the accompanying drawings. Usefully, access-ladder  7  is shown in the tilted forward insert position, where the feet of access ladder  7  are raise above the floor. Advantageously, hook  1030  is shown inserted into ‘U’ shaped bracket  1070  around ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support bar  1080 , so that the grooves in hook compression member  1050  align for meshing with the grooves in compression face  1060  of resilient means  1040 , when hook  1030  is rotated about ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support member  1080 . Beneficially, a similar relationship exists between hook  103 , ‘U’ shaped bracket  107 , resilient means  104 , ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support bar  108 , compression member  105 , and compression face  106 , (all not shown). 
         [0159]    Referring to  FIG. 62  through to  FIG. 65  of the accompanying drawings. Conveniently, access-ladder  7  is shown in the tilted backward clamped position, where the feet of access-ladder  7  rest on the floor. Usefully, the grooves in compression member  1050  are meshed with the grooves in compression face  1060  of resilient means  1040 . Advantageously, spring bias applied by resilient means  1040  on hook  1030 , forces hook  1030  against ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support bar  1080 , thereby eliminating any dimensional tolerance between hook  1030  and ‘U’ shaped bracket  1070 . Access-ladder  7  is thereby firmly and detachably fixed to upper-horizontal-surface  3 . It will be readily appreciated, that the action of tilting access-ladder  7  backward, so that hook  1030  rotates about ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support bar  1080  to move the grooves in compression member  1050  to mesh with the grooves in compression face  1060  of resilient means  1040  must apply a force that is equal to or greater than the spring bias force applied by resilient means  1040  to compression member  1050  of hook  1030 . Advantageously, the torque generated by the mass of access-ladder  7  at its centre of gravity multiplied by the distance between ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support bar  1080  and said centre of gravity of access-ladder  7  is greater than the torque generated by the spring bias of resilient means  1040  multiplied by the distance between ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support bar  1080  and the point at which spring bias force is applied by resilient means  1040  to compression member  1050  of hook  1030 . 
         [0160]    A similar relationship exists between compression member  105 , compression face  106 , resilient means  104 , hook  103 , ‘U’ shaped bracket integral support bar  108 , ‘U’ shaped bracket  107 , access-ladder  7 , upper-horizontal-surface  3  (all not shown). 
         [0161]    Resilient means  104 ,  1040  applies spring bias by all or any of, compression force, tension force and torsion force. 
         [0162]    Usefully, access-ladder  7  is moved from the clamped position to the unclamped and insert position by raising the feet of access-ladder  7  from off the floor until the grooved face of compression member  105  is substantially parallel with the uncompressed grooved face of compression face  106 , and the grooved face of compression member  1050  is substantially parallel with the uncompressed grooved face of compression face  1060 . 
         [0163]    Referring to  FIG. 66  and  FIG. 67  of the accompanying drawings. Conveniently, ‘U’ shaped bracket  107 ,  1070  and resilient means  104 ,  1040  are illustrated in exploded isometric view to show how, during production assembly, resilient means  104  nests inside ‘U’ shaped bracket  107  for use, and resilient means  1040  nests inside ‘U’ shaped bracket  1070  for use. 
         [0164]    In this specification the words comprise or comprises are used to mean “consists of an or includes” and the word comprising is used to mean “consisting of or including”. 
         [0165]    In this specification the words upper and lower are defined in relation to passenger cabin generally designed  1  when viewed in side or end elevation views.