Abstract:
A process is described in which, by the addition of formamidinesulfinic acid in association with an ozone or ozone/oxygen treatment, the viscosity and strength of wood pulps are stabilized at the level that is obtained with use of conventional, chlorine-containing bleaching processes.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a process for stabilization of the viscosity of wood pulps, that have been treated with ozone or ozone/oxygen during a bleaching sequence, at a level of materials corresponding to those that are obtained by the conventional chlorine bleach processes. 
     Bleaching of wood pulps at the present time takes place predominantly with the use of chlorine or chlorine-containing bleaching agents. However, oxygen-containing bleaching agents such as oxygen, ozone or hydrogen peroxide are being used increasingly. This is due to the undesirable pollution of waste water caused by release of chlorinated compounds. 
     It has been shown that the chlorine requirement for a conventional final bleach can be considerably reduced by the use of oxygen for predelignifications. However, the use of chlorine cannot be avoided completely. 
     Delignification with just oxygen or hydrogen peroxide produces only limited lignin degradation rates. If very drastic delignification conditions are used in the oxygen step, there is irreversible damage to the wood pulp. 
     The combined use of oxygen and ozone is necessary for intensification of the delignification. However, ozone is a very reactive and simultaneously nonselective bleaching agent. Thus, side reactions, such as the oxidation of wood pulp, cannot be prevented even with low ozone charge amounts. In this case, the resulting carbonyl groups elevate the sensitivity of wood pulp toward alkaline degradation. The alkaline extraction following the ozone treatment, which takes place in acidic medium, leads to a cleavage of cellulose chains and thus to a reduction of the viscosity and strength of the wood pulp in comparison to materials bleached with the use of chlorine. O. Kordsachia and R. Patt in the journal, Holzforschung 42, 203-209 (1988), report that the reduction of the average polymerization values caused by ozone treatment can be at least partially suppressed by the addition of sodium borohydride. However, this is possible only at low ozone dosages (0.5%) which yield modest brightnesses (86 (ISO)). 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is an object of the present invention to find a procedure by which, in comparison to materials bleached with the use of chlorine, almost no reduction of the viscosities at low ozone dosages occur. In addition, even at higher concentrations of ozone, only a slight drop in viscosity occurs. Wood pulps are obtained with a brightness of approximately 90 (ISO). 
     A further object of the present invention is a process for stabilization of the viscosity of wood pulp in association with an ozone or ozone/oxygen treatment. This process is characterized by the fact that the wood pulp is treated with 0.05 to 1 wt.-% formamidinesulfinic acid based on absolutely dry wood pulp. The process occurs at a pH-value of 8 to 12 and at a temperature of 40° to 90° C., preferably 50° to 80° C. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Both alkaline- and acidic-produced sulfite wood pulps, as well as craft wood pulps, are suitable as a wood pulp for this process These pulps can be on a pine or hardwood basis. 
     The ozone or ozone/oxygen treatment is accomplished, according to the state of the art, in an acidic medium. Generally, the ozone concentration is 0.1 to 4% based on absolutely dry wood pulp The formamidinesulfinic acid is used in the alkaline extraction step. Additional equipment expense is not required 
     The stock density of the pulp lies between 5 and 10%, preferably between 8 and 12%. 
     The normal residence time in this step generally is sufficient to obtain stabilization of the viscosity 
     Additional bleaching steps can then be incorporated. 
     By means of the process according to the present invention, it is possible to use a chlorine-free bleach to obtain wood pulps that are almost indistinguishable in brightness, viscosity and strength from those obtained by the conventional process (i.e., the process operating with the use of chlorine). Even with high ozone dosages (˜3%), the differences are extremely small. 
    
    
     EXAMPLES 
     The percentage statements are based on absolutely dry wood pulp 
     1. Spruce sulfite paper pulp (kappa 18.0) 
     
         ______________________________________(a) Conventional bleach according to C-E-D-HCharged Chemicals:            stock density                       time     temp.C   4% Cl.sub.2       3%        1 h    25° C.E   2% NaOH          10%        1.5 h  70° C.D   1% ClO.sub.2 (active chlorine)                10%        3 h    70° C.H   1% NaOCl         10%        3 h    40° C.Results:  brightness 90.7 (ISO)  viscosity 12.2 mPa s(b) Chlorine-free bleach according to EOP-Z-E-PCharged Chemicals:         stock density                     time      temp.EOP   1.8% NaOH 0.75% H.sub.2 O.sub.2             0.3 MPa O.sub.2 1.0% O.sub.2             10%         1 h     70° C.Z     1.0% O.sub.3             25%         0.25 h  30° C.E     1.0% NaOH   10%         1 h     50° C.P     1.0% H.sub.2 O.sub.2 0.7% NaOH   10%         3 h     75° C.Results:  brightness 90.3 (ISO)  viscosity 8.2 mPa s(c) Chlorine-free bleach according to EOP-Z-E (FAS)-PCharged Chemicals:EOPZ as in (b)               stock density                           time  temp.E (FAS)  1% NaOH    10%         1 h   50° C.    0.5% FASP as in (b)Results:  brightness 90.5 (ISO),  viscosity: 12.3 mPa s______________________________________ 
    
     2. Pine craft pulp (kappa 33.2) 
     
         ______________________________________(a) Conventional: CD-E-D-E-D              stock density                          time   temp.CD   7% Cl.sub.2 /0.7% ClO.sub.2               3%         1 h    25° C.E    2.8% NaOH     10%         1.5 h  60° C.D    3% O.sub.3    10%         3 h    65° C.E    1% NaOH       10%         1 h    65° C.D    1% ClO.sub.2  10%         3 h    70° C.Results:  brightness 90.7 (ISO)  viscosity 20.2 mPa sStrength at 20 SR: tear length 8.8 kmtearing resistance: 9.3 mN m.sup.2 /g(b) Chlorine-free bleach according to 0-Z-E-P          stock density                   time     temp.          0.5 Mpa O.sub.2O   5% NaOH, 0.3% MgSO.sub.4                10%        1.5 h  110° C.Z   3% O.sub.3       33%        25 min  30° C.E   1% NaOH          10%        1.5 h   60° C.P   2% H.sub.2 O.sub.2, 0.8% NaOH    0.2% MgSO.sub.4, 20%          2 h   75° C.    1% water glassResults:  brightness 89.8 (ISO)  viscosity 12.1 mPa sStrength at 20 SR: tear length 6.8 kmTearing resistance: 7.6 mN m.sup.2 /g(c) chlorine-free bleach with FAS in the E-stepE-step with 0.4% formamidinesulfinic acidResults:  brightness 90.1 (ISO)  viscosity 18.7 mPa sStrength at 20 SR: tear length 8.8 kmTearing resistance: 9.2 mN m.sup.2 /g______________________________________ 
    
     3. Beech sulfite wood pulp (kappa 14.2) 
     
         ______________________________________(a) Conventional bleach according to C-E-H-D            stock density                         time  temp.C     4.1% Cl.sub.2             3%          1 h   20° C.E     1.8% NaOH  10%          1.5 h 65° C.H     1.5% Na    10%          2 h   40° C.D     0.7% ClO.sub.2            10%          3 h   65° C.Results: brightness 89.1 (ISO)Strength at 25 SR: tear length 5.4 kmTear propagation resistance: 132 mNm/mViscosity: 12.1 mPa s; kappa: 0.8(b) Chlorine-free bleaching according to Z-E-P               stock density                          time   temp.Z   1.5% O.sub.3    35%        20 min 20° C.E   1.8% NaOH       10%        1.5 h  60° C.P   1.5% H.sub.2 O.sub.2, 1.1% NaOH               10%          2 h  65° C.Results: brightness 88.2 (ISO)Strength at 25 SR: tear length 4.7 kmTear propagation resistance: 98 mNm/mViscosity: 7.8 mPa s; kappa: 1.1(c) With FAS in the extraction stepZ as in (b)E as in (b)0.5% formamidinesulfinic acid in additionP as in (b)Results: brightness 88.7 (ISO)Strength at 25 SR: tear length 5.3 kmTear propagation resistance: 130 mNm/mViscosity: 11.2 mPa sKappa value: 1.1______________________________________ 
    
     The letter symbols used herein; (e.g EOP, etc ) have well known meaning in the art. 
     Further variations and modifications of the foregoing invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art and are intended to be encompassed by the claims appended hereto.