Abstract:
An industrial quick-release connector for machine tools providing both rotational and axial stability that will permit easy replacements by an individual using only one hand without the use of hand tools to make the connection and reduce the time delays that normally ensue.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a connecting device. More particularly to an improved means for connecting a machine tool to the arm of a stationary machine with the connection being without extraneous tools and where the connection is both quick to connect and quick to release and provides rotational and axial stability. The quick release connector of the current invention will permit easy replacement of a malfunctioning tool without the time delays that normally ensue. This novel connector will operate for all manner of connected objects. 
     Various devices are known in the art for use on single arm or multi-arm machines that require individual power tools or power bits, or other machine tools requiring quick release adaptors so that said machine tools and/or bits can be easily and quickly replaced. It is required that such connected tools be secured both axially and radially with respect to the arm. A machine tool cannot rotate relative to the arm or be moved axially relative thereto during normal operation. This concern is especially important for high speed machine tools requiring both accuracy and safety. Conventional connecting systems require the use of hand tools, and other connecting systems are often more cumbersome requiring multi-sided profiles and recesses, and independent securing keys or special tools, which may at times be unavailable for use, thus delaying the connection process. It is extremely important to utilize machine room time as efficiently as possible, therefore, it is important to eliminate lost time associate with connecting machine tools. 
     Replacement of a given machine tool, when appropriate procedure for changing out of one tool with another is required, is particularly aided by this device which can have one of its male member and female member attached, respectively, to a guide arm and the other attached to the machine tool. This will allow the operator to quickly connect drills, reamers, and other power equipment without significant time loss. 
     Alternative technology for connecting machine and other tools and devices to a machine or a stationary object include standard fittings and connectors often requiring hand tools for making the connection. 
     Many conventional systems for the assembly of two components provide a female part and a male part, as connectors. Prior art, however, does not provide for such members that can interlock both axially and rotationally, in the manner taught by the instant invention. The male member has a base on an end and a cylindrical shaft extending from the base to the other end, with a pair of nubs or lobes protruding radially from opposite sides of the shaft at a predetermined spaced distance from the base. These lobes are arranged to be transversely disposed relative to another radially symmetrical key disposed on the shaft. In cooperation with correspondingly sized and shaped radially symmetrical key passageways on the female member that are aligned radially, the connection between the male member and female member is both axially and radially fixed. 
     Unlike prior art devices that employ an extended peripheral groove disposed inside of a bore and inclined cam channel which includes an aperture in communication with the bore to receive an axial male member for engagement which will prevent withdrawal of such member, the instant invention provides for easy engagement through insertion and twisting motion to secure the connection both axially and rotationally. 
     To alleviate this problem, and others which will become apparent from the disclosure which follows, the present invention conveniently disengages by manually pushing back the spring bias collar sufficiently to allow the second key to be free to rotate followed by sufficient rotation to align the first key with the key way of the inner sleeve for axially withdrawal. 
     These together with other objects of the invention; along with the various features of novelty which characterize the invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this disclosure. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention. 
     Still other advantages will be apparent from the disclosure that follows. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a quick-release connector and methods of producing same. The present invention provides a quick-release connector comprising a female member, with a receiving end, having an outer collar with an internal recess defined therein, an inner sleeve fitted into the internal recess, and means for biasing the outer collar towards the receiving end relative to the inner sleeve, where the inner sleeve is movable axially relative to the outer collar and has an internal bore therethrough that is coaxial with the internal recess. 
     The internal recess of the collar has a radially defined keypath of a precalculated axial height disposed proximate to the receiving end with predefined radial dimensions, and a radial bore portion having a uniform radial bore dimension disposed adjacent to the keypath distally from the receiving end. Furthermore, the inner sleeve has an outer contour comprising a radially defined first key of an axial depth that is less than the axial height of the keypath, having a shape corresponding to the keypath with corresponding radial dimensions in all directions that are less by a predetermined amount than the predefined radial dimensions of the keypath to allow the first key to fit into the keypath, and being disposed proximate to the receiving end thereof. In addition, it further comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion disposed adjacent to the first key with a uniform radius that is less by a predetermined amount than the uniform radial bore dimension to allow the cylindrical sleeve portion to fit in the radial bore portion. 
     The internal bore of the inner sleeve has a radially defined keyway, with a major radial dimension and a minor radial dimension, commencing at the receiving end of the inner sleeve and extending axially away from the receiving end for a predetermined distance, a radial step adjacent to the keyway with a radial step dimension at least as great as the major radial dimension of the keyway, and a cylindrical bore portion is disposed adjacent to the radial step and distally from the receiving end with a radial dimension at least as great as the minor radial dimension of the keyway. 
     The first key has a predominant radial dimension that lies in a first plane which passes through the axis of the inner sleeve and the major radial dimension of the keyway. 
     Further included is a male member with a leading end, that is reversibly and coaxially engageable to the female member, having a shaft extending from the leading end, at least one nub, and a second radially defined key disposed at a spaced axial distance from the at least one nub with a radially defined shape corresponding to the first key. 
     The second key has a predominant radial dimension, which corresponds to a maximum radial dimension of the keypath, that lies in a second plane which passes through the axis of the shaft. The spaced axial distance being at least as great as the predetermined distance of the keyway. The at least one nub protrudes radially from the side of the shaft in a radial direction with a maximum radial nub dimension that is less than the major radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the at least one nub to fit through the keyway and with the maximum radial nub dimension being greater than the minor radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the at least one nub that has passed through the keyway axially and into a space bounded by the radial step to be rotated relative to the inner sleeve to misalign the keyway and the at least one nub. 
     The radial direction of the at least one nub lies in a third plane which passes through the axis of the shaft, and a line normal to the second plane is transverse to a line normal to the third plane. Misalignment of the at least one nub with the keyway inhibits axial movement between the male member and the inner sleeve of the female member. Moreover, the rotation of the at least one nub of the male member within the space bounded by the radial step transverse to the keyway may further align the second key with the keypath of the outer collar and the means for biasing may move the keypath into engagement with the second key to inhibit further rotational movement between the male member and the female member. 
     A preferred method for producing a quick-release connecting of a male member to a female member is also disclosed comprising the following steps: 
     a. axially receiving a leading portion of a shaft including an irregularly shaped shaft key extending transversely from the shaft of the male member into a keypath of an internal bore of the female member that has a corresponding shape as the irregularly shaped shaft key; 
     b. axially passing the irregularly shaped shaft key through the keypath; 
     c. pushing axially against a spring biased outer collar of the female member with a first irregularly shaped key of the male member causing a keyway having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key to be occupied by a second irregularly shaped key of the female member having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key; 
     d. rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath to inhibit further axial movement of the male member relative to the female member; 
     e. further rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath until the first irregularly shaped key is aligned with the keyway; and 
     f. releasing the spring biased outer collar causing the keyway to move axially to receive the first irregularly shaped key and to inhibit further rotation of the male member relative to the female member. 
     There has thus been outlined, rather broadly, the more important features of the invention in order that the detailed description thereof that follows may be better understood, and in order that the present contribution to the art may be better appreciated. There are, of course, additional features of the invention that will be described hereinafter and which will form the subject matter of the claims appended hereto. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the conception upon which this disclosure is based, may readily be utilized as a basis for the designing of other structures, methods and systems for carrying out the several purposes of the present invention. It is important, therefore, that the claims be regarded as including such equivalent constructions insofar as they do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Preferred embodiments of the invention are described hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawing wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the quick-release connector of the present invention with the male member engaged to the female member and with a work piece, shown in phantom, exploded away; 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the quick-release connector of the present invention with the male member disengaged from the female member; 
     FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the quick-release connector of the present invention with some parts broken away for clarity and showing particularly the internal recess of the collar including a portion of the radially symmetrical keypath and further showing the outer contour of the inner sleeve—particularly the radially symmetrical first keyway disposed at the receiving end of the inner sleeve; 
     FIGS. 4A-4H are fragmentary perspective schematic views of the quick-release connector of the present invention showing the steps in reversibly engaging the male member to the female member; 
     FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic view of the receiving end of the female member shown in elevation showing the relationship of the inner sleeve within the outer collar; 
     FIG. 6 is a bottom plan schematic view taken along ln.  6 — 6  of FIG. 5 of the quick-release connector of the present invention showing relationships of the maximum radial dimension (B′) and the minimum radial dimension (A′) of the keypath; 
     FIGS. 7A-7F are fragmentary sectional schematic views of the quick-release connector of the present invention with some internal parts in full elevation take along designated lines of FIGS. 4B-4G, respectively; 
     FIG. 8 is a fragmentary cross-sectional schematic view in elevation of the quick-release connector of the present invention showing the keyway and radial step with a beveled sidewall in the keyway taken along the keyway at a minor radial dimension; 
     FIG. 9 is a sectional view of the quick-release connector of the present invention with some internal parts in full elevation (from the same perspective as FIGS. 5 and 6) showing the relationship of the elements as the male member, with its nubs aligned with the keyway, being sufficiently inserted for the second key to engage and axially move the outer collar (prior to rotation); 
     FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the quick-release connector of the present invention taken along the ln.  10 — 10  of FIG. 9 showing the relationship of the major lobes of the second key (predominant radial dimension) misaligned with the keypath and minor lobe (direction) of the pair of nubs aligned with the keyway; 
     FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the quick-release connector of the present invention similar to that shown in FIG. 10 but with the male member having been rotated 90° to establish alignment between the keypath and the major lobe, and the misalignment of the minor lobe and the keyway; 
     FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the quick-release connector of the present invention with some internal parts in full elevation from the same perspective as FIG. 9 but with the male member having been rotated 90°, as shown in FIG. 11, which allows the major lobes of the second key to be in alignment with the keypath of the inner recess of the collar which allows the spring biasing of the collar to move the collar over said second key, thereby inhibiting further rotational movement between the male member and the female member; 
     FIG. 13 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view with some internal parts shown in full elevation of the quick-release connector of the present invention taken along the ln.  13 — 13  of FIG. 12 showing particularly the major radial dimension of the keyway and the maximum radial dimension of the keypath; 
     FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of the quick-release connector of the present invention with some parts broken away for clarity and showing particularly the perpendicularity between the direction of the maximum radial dimension of the first key and the direction of the major radial dimension of the keyway of the inner sleeve, and the alignment of the major and minor lobes of the second key and the pair of nubs, respectively, of the male member. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     The preferred embodiments depicted in the drawing include a first and second preferred embodiment of the quick-release connector and method for producing such connection. 
     Without departing from the generality of the invention disclosed herein, the teachings of the quick-release connector of the present invention could be further applied to all manners and applications where an axially and rotationally fixed connection is required. 
     The discussion that follows, without limiting the scope of the invention, will refer to the invention as depicted in the drawing, showing an apparatus that will make a quick connection for any commercial or industrial application. 
     It will be readily understood that for industrial applications, for machine tools and the like, the preferred material of construction is stainless steel or a suitable alloy. However, where the application is less rigorous, a suitable plastic or various other substitute materials may be used. 
     For applications requiring stainless steel, it is preferred that the radially extensions, including the transverse nubs on the shaft and the keys, be machined from a single metal piece, as this will provide greater strength and connector life. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in the drawing, a quick-release connector  10  comprising a female member  9 , with a receiving end  7 , having an outer collar  6  with an internal recess  16  defined therein, and an inner sleeve  5  fitted into the internal recess, the inner sleeve  5  is movable axially relative to the outer collar  6  and has an internal bore  14  therethrough that is coaxial with the internal recess  16 . 
     The internal recess  16  of the collar  6  has a radially symmetrical keypath  4  of a precalculated axial height disposed proximate to the receiving end  7  with a maximum radial dimension B′ and a minimum radial dimension A′, as shown in FIG. 6, and a radial bore portion  18  having a uniform radial bore dimension disposed adjacent to the keypath  4  distally from the receiving end  7 . The uniform radial bore dimension is less that the minimum radial dimension A′ of the keypath  4  by a predetermined amount. 
     The inner sleeve  5  has an outer contour comprising a radially symmetrical first key  3  of an axial depth that is less than the axial height of the keypath  4 , with a radially defined shape corresponding to the keypath with corresponding radial dimensions that are less by a predetermined amount than the maximum radial dimension B′ and the minimum radial dimension A′ of the keypath  4  to allow the first key  3  to fit into the keypath  4 . The keypath is disposed proximate to the receiving end  7  of the inner sleeve  5 . 
     The inner sleeve  5  further comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion  12  disposed adjacent to the first key  3  with a uniform radius that is less by a predetermined amount than the uniform radial bore dimension to allow the cylindrical sleeve portion  12  to fit in the radial bore portion  18 . 
     The internal bore  14  of the inner sleeve  5  has a radially symmetrical keyway  2 , with a major radial dimension C′ and a minor radial dimension D′, as shown in FIG. 6, commencing at the receiving end  7  of the inner sleeve  5  and extending axially away from the receiving end for a predetermined distance; a radial step  20  with a predetermined thickness adjacent to the keyway  2  with a radial step dimension at least as great as the major radial dimension of the keyway; and a cylindrical bore portion  22  disposed adjacent to the radial step  20  and distally from the receiving end  7  with a radial dimension at least as great as the minor radial dimension of the keyway  2 . 
     The end  7   a  of the inner sleeve, opposite the receiving end  7 , is preferably internally threaded, as shown in FIG. 12, so that it may be attached to an arm of a machine or the like. 
     The first key  3  has a predominant radial dimension that lies in a first plane which passes through the axis of the inner sleeve and the major radial dimension of the keyway. 
     The quick-release connector  10  of the present invention further comprises a male member  8  with a leading end  28 , that is reversibly and coaxially engageable to the female member  9 . The male member has a shaft  24  extending from the leading end  28 , a pair of nubs  26 , and a second radially symmetrical key  1  of predetermined axial height to resist rotational movement between the male member and the female member, disposed at a spaced axial distance from the pair of nubs  26  with a radially defined shape corresponding to the first key  3 . The spaced axial distance is at least as great as the predetermined distance of the keyway  2 . 
     The second key  1  has a predominant radial dimension, which corresponds to the maximum radial dimension B′ of the keypath  4 , that lies in a second plane which passes through the axis of the shaft  24 . 
     Each nub  26  protrudes radially from the side of the shaft  24  in an opposite direction with a maximum radial nub dimension that is less than the major radial dimension C′ by a predetermined amount to allow the pair of nubs to fit through the keyway  2  and with the maximum radial nub dimension being greater than the minor radial dimension D′ by a predetermined amount to allow the pair of nubs  26  that have passed through the keyway  2  axially and into a space bounded by the radial step  20  to be rotated relative to the inner sleeve  5  to misalign the keyway  2  and the pair of nubs  26 . 
     The opposite direction of each of the nubs  26  lie in a third plane which passes through the axis of the shaft  24 , and a line normal to the second plane is transverse to a line normal to the third plane. 
     The misalignment of the pair of nubs  26  with the keyway  2  inhibits axial movement between the male member  8  and the inner sleeve  5  of the female member, and the rotation of the pair of nubs  26  of the male member within the space bounded by the radial step  20  transverse to the keyway  2  may further align the second key  1  with the keypath  4  of the outer collar and the keypath may be moved into engagement with the second key  1  to inhibit further rotational movement between the male member  8  and the female member  9 . 
     In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, a quick-release connector  10  comprises a female member  9 , with a receiving end  7 , having an outer collar  6  with an internal recess  16  defined therein, an inner sleeve  5  fitted into the internal recess  16 , and means for biasing the outer collar  6  towards the receiving end  7  relative to the inner sleeve  5 . The inner sleeve is movable axially relative to the outer collar and has an internal bore  14  therethrough that is coaxial with the internal recess  16 . 
     The internal recess  16  of the collar has a radially symmetrical keypath  4  of a precalculated axial height disposed proximate to the receiving end  7  with a maximum radial dimension and a minimum radial dimension, and a radial bore portion  18  having a uniform radial bore dimension disposed adjacent to the keypath  4  distally from the receiving end  7 . 
     The inner sleeve  5  has an outer contour comprising a radially symmetrical first key  3  of an axial depth that is less than the axial height of the keypath  4 , having a radially defined shape corresponding to the keypath with corresponding radial dimensions that are less by a predetermined amount than the maximum radial dimension and the minimum radial dimension of the keypath  4  to allow the first key  3  to fit into the keypath  4 , and being disposed proximate to the receiving end thereof, and further comprising a cylindrical sleeve portion  22  disposed adjacent to the first key  3  with a uniform radius that is less by a predetermined amount than the uniform radial bore dimension to allow the cylindrical sleeve portion  22  to fit in the radial bore portion  18 . 
     The internal bore  14  of the inner sleeve  5  has a radially symmetrical keyway  2 , with a major radial dimension and a minor radial dimension, commencing at the receiving end of the inner sleeve and extending axially away from the receiving end for a predetermined distance, a radial step adjacent to the keyway with a radial step dimension at least as great as the major radial dimension of the keyway, and a cylindrical bore portion is disposed adjacent to the radial step  20  and distally from the receiving end with a radial dimension at least as great as the minor radial dimension of the keyway  2 . 
     The first key  3  has a predominant radial dimension that lies in a first plane which passes through the axis of the inner sleeve  5  and the major radial dimension of the keyway  2 . 
     Further included is a male member  8  with a leading end  28 , that is reversibly and coaxially engageable to the female  9  member, having a shaft  24  extending from the leading end, a pair of nubs  26 , and a second radially symmetrical key  1  disposed at a spaced axial distance from the pair of nubs  26  with a radially defined shape corresponding to the first key  3 . The second key  1  has a predominant radial dimension, which corresponds to the maximum radial dimension of the keypath  4 , that lies in a second plane which passes through the axis of the shaft  24 . The spaced axial distance being at least as great as the predetermined distance of the keyway  2 . 
     Each nub  26  protrudes radially from the side of the shaft  24  in an opposite direction with a maximum radial nub dimension that is less than the major radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the pair of nubs to fit through the keyway and with the maximum radial nub dimension being greater than the minor radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the pair of nubs that have passed through the keyway axially and into a space bounded by the radial step to be rotated relative to the inner sleeve to misalign the keyway and the pair of nubs. 
     The opposite direction of each of the nubs lie in a third plane which passes through the axis of the shaft, and a line normal to the second plane is transverse to a line normal to the third plane. The misalignment of the pair of nubs with the keyway inhibits axial movement between the male member and the inner sleeve of the female member. The rotation of the pair of nubs  26  of the male member within the space bounded by the radial step  20  transverse to the keyway  2  may further align the second key  1  with the keypath  4  of the outer collar and the means for biasing may move the keypath into engagement with the second key to inhibit further rotational movement between the male member and the female member. 
     Preferably, the outer collar  6  has a full length internal recess  16  defined therein. 
     In one of its broadest forms, the quick-release connector  10  of this important invention comprises a female member  9 , with a receiving end  7 , having an outer collar  6  with an internal recess  16  defined therein, an inner sleeve  5  fitted into the internal recess, and means for biasing the outer collar towards the receiving end relative to the inner sleeve. The inner sleeve is movable axially relative to the outer collar and has an internal bore therethrough that is coaxial with the internal recess. 
     The internal recess  16  of the collar has a radially defined keypath  4  of a precalculated axial height disposed proximate to the receiving end with predefined radial dimensions, and a radial bore portion  18  having a uniform radial bore dimension disposed adjacent to the keypath  4  distally from the receiving end. Furthermore, the inner sleeve has an outer contour comprising a radially defined first key  3  of an axial depth that is less than the axial height of the keypath  4 , having a shape corresponding to the keypath with corresponding radial dimensions in all directions that are less by a predetermined amount than the predefined radial dimensions of the keypath to allow the first key to fit into the keypath, and being disposed proximate to the receiving end thereof. In addition, it further comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion  22  disposed adjacent to the first key  3  with a uniform radius that is less by a predetermined amount than the uniform radial bore dimension to allow the cylindrical sleeve portion to fit in the radial bore portion  18 . 
     The internal bore  14  of the inner sleeve has a radially defined keyway  2 , with a major radial dimension and a minor radial dimension, commencing at the receiving end of the inner sleeve and extending axially away from the receiving end for a predetermined distance, a radial step  20  adjacent to the keyway  2  with a radial step dimension at least as great as the major radial dimension of the keyway, and a cylindrical bore portion  22  is disposed adjacent to the radial step and distally from the receiving end with a radial dimension at least as great as the minor radial dimension of the keyway. The first key  3  has a predominant radial dimension that lies in a first plane which passes through the axis of the inner sleeve and the major radial dimension of the keyway  2 . 
     Further included is a male member  8  with a leading end  28 , that is reversibly and coaxially engageable to the female member  9 , having a shaft  24  extending from the leading end, at least one nub  26 , and a second radially defined key disposed at a spaced axial distance from the at least one nub with a radially defined shape corresponding to the first key  3 . 
     The second key  1  has a predominant radial dimension, which corresponds to a maximum radial dimension of the keypath, that lies in a second plane which passes through the axis of the shaft  24 . The spaced axial distance being at least as great as the predetermined distance of the keyway. The at least one nub  26  protrudes radially from the side of the shaft  24  in a radial direction with a maximum radial nub dimension that is less than the major radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the at least one nub to fit through the keyway  2  and with the maximum radial nub dimension being greater than the minor radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the at least one nub that has passed through the keyway axially and into a space bounded by the radial step to be rotated relative to the inner sleeve to misalign the keyway and the at least one nub  26 . 
     The radial direction of the at least one nub  26  lies in a third plane which passes through the axis of the shaft  24 , and a line normal to the second plane is transverse to a line normal to the third plane. Misalignment of the at least one nub  26  with the keyway  2  inhibits axial movement between the male member  8  and the inner sleeve  5  of the female member. Moreover, the rotation of the at least one nub of the male member within the space bounded by the radial step  20  transverse to the keyway  2  may further align the second key  1  with the keypath  4  of the outer collar and the means for biasing may move the keypath into engagement with the second key to inhibit further rotational movement between the male member and the female member. 
     Preferably, the internal recess  16  of the collar further comprises a circumferential rim  30  extending from the receiving end  7 . 
     Additionally, the line normal to the second plane is preferably perpendicular to the line normal to the third plane. In this regard, rotation of the at least one nub of the male member a full 90° within the space bounded by the radial step  20  perpendicular to the keyway  2  will align the second key  1  with the keypath  4  of the outer collar  6 , as shown in FIGS. 4E,  7 D, and  11 - 13 , and the means for biasing may move the keypath  4  into engagement with the second key  1  to inhibit further rotational movement between the male member  8  and the female member  9 . 
     In another preferred aspect of the quick-release connector  10 , the keyway  2  has a bevel  32  in a side wall  34 , as best shown in FIG. 8, extending along at least a portion of its periphery with the minor radial dimension. This aspect may be proximate to the radial step  20 . It is readily understood that this aspect of the invention facilitates rotation of the shaft  24  with the at least one nub in the keyway  2 . 
     Furthermore, as shown in FIGS. 1-3,  9  and  12 - 13 , the outer collar  6  may have a knurled exterior surface  36  proximate to the receiving end  7 . 
     Referring now to FIGS.  9  and  12 - 13 , a spring cavity  38  with a radial wall  40  is shown in the internal recess  16  of the outer collar  6 . The spring cavity  38  is disposed distally from the receiving end and the radial wall  40  defines the axial boundary of the spring cavity proximate the receiving end, the inner sleeve has a threaded area  42  disposed distally from the receiving end on an exterior surface, and the means for biasing comprises a compression spring  44  disposed between the radial wall  40  of the spring cavity of the outer collar and an internally threaded spring collar  46  threadingly engaged to the threaded area of the inner sleeve. 
     The means for sealing the compression spring disposed between the outer collar and the internally threaded spring collar may include a circumferentially disposed recess  48  on an exterior surface of the internally threaded spring collar, a spring cavity o-ring  50  to be received by the circumferentially disposed recess  48 , the spring cavity o-ring being sized to sealing engage an interior wall of the spring cavity of the outer collar. 
     As shown in FIGS. 2-3 and  9 ,  12  and  13 , means for sealing the engagement of the male member to the female member is provided comprising the male member having a radially extending base  52  disposed axially adjacent to the second radially defined key  1  and distally away from the leading end, an engagement o-ring  54 , and a circumferential rim  58  extending from the receiving end of the internal recess of the collar. The base  52  may have a circumferentially disposed recess  56  on it peripheral surface for receiving and holding the engagement o-ring  54 . The engagement o-ring may be received by the circumferentially disposed recess. The engagement o-ring is sized to sealing engage an interior wall of the circumferential rim of the outer collar. 
     As shown in FIGS. 3 and 14, the inner sleeve is preferably fitted into the internal recess through the receiving end of the outer collar. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the present invention of the quick-release connector, means for reversibly holding a male member that is axially disposed therein is provided. This means for reversibly holding has means for limiting axial movement and means for inhibiting rotational movement of the male member relative to the means for reversibly holding. 
     The means for limiting axial movement comprises means for axially receiving a leading portion of a shaft  24  with at least one laterally protruding nub  26  disposed thereon and means for axially retaining the at least one laterally protruding nub when the shaft is partially rotated after having been received by the means for axially receiving. The means for inhibiting rotational movement comprises means for axially accepting an irregularly shaped key  1  extending transversely from the shaft proximate to the leading portion thereof in a keypath  4  having a corresponding shape as the irregularly shaped key  1  after the at least one laterally protruding nub  26  has been retained by the means for axially receiving and means for axially releasing the irregularly shaped key  1  comprising axially withdrawing the keypath  4  from the irregularly shaped key  1  to allow the at least one laterally protruding nub  26  to freely rotate. 
     In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 14, a the quick-release connector comprises a female member  9 ′, with a receiving end, having an outer collar  6 ′ with an internal recess  16 ′ defined therein, an inner sleeve  5 ′ fitted into the internal recess, and means for biasing the outer collar towards the receiving end  7 ′ relative to the inner sleeve  5 ′. The inner sleeve is movable axially relative to the outer collar and has an internal bore  14 ′ therethrough that is coaxial with the internal recess, and the internal recess of the collar has a radially symmetrical keypath  4 ′ of a precalculated axial height disposed proximate to the receiving end with a maximum radial dimension and a minimum radial dimension and a radial bore portion having a uniform radial bore dimension disposed adjacent to the keypath distally from the receiving end. 
     The inner sleeve  5 ′ has an outer contour comprising a radially symmetrical first key  3 ′ of an axial depth that is less than the axial height of the keypath  4 ′, having a radially defined shape corresponding to the keypath with corresponding radial dimensions that are less by a predetermined amount than the maximum radial dimension and the minimum radial dimension of the keypath to allow the first key  3 ′ to fit into the keypath  4 ′, and is disposed proximate to the receiving end thereof, and further comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion  22 ′ disposed adjacent to the first key  3 ′ with a uniform radius that is less by a predetermined amount than the uniform radial bore dimension to allow the cylindrical sleeve portion to fit in the radial bore portion  18 ′. 
     Referring to FIG. 14, the internal bore  14 ′ of the inner sleeve  5 ′ has a radially symmetrical keyway  2 ′, with a major radial dimension and a minor radial dimension, commencing at the receiving end of the inner sleeve and extending axially away from the receiving end for a predetermined distance, a radial step  20 ′ adjacent to the keyway with a radial step dimension at least as great as the major radial dimension of the keyway  2 ′, and a cylindrical bore portion  22 ′ is disposed adjacent to the radial step and distally from the receiving end with a radial dimension at least as great as the minor radial dimension of the keyway  2 ′. 
     Uniquely, the first key  3 ′ has a predominant radial dimension that lies in a first plane which passes through the axis of the inner sleeve  5 ′ and a second plane passes through the axis of the inner sleeve and the major radial dimension of the keyway  2 ′, and a line normal to the first plane is transverse to a line normal to the second plane. 
     Also included in this preferred embodiment of the present invention is a male member  8 ′ with a leading end  28 ′, that is reversibly and coaxially engageable to the female member  9 ′, having a shaft  24 ′ extending from the leading end, a pair of nubs  26 ′, and a second radially symmetrical key  1 ′ disposed at a spaced axial distance from the pair of nubs with a radially defined shape corresponding to the first key  3 ′. The spaced axial distance is at least as great as the predetermined distance of the keyway  2 ′. 
     Each nub  26 ′ protrudes radially from the side of the shaft  24 ′ in an opposite direction with a maximum radial nub dimension that is less than the major radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the pair of nubs to fit through the keyway  2 ′ and with the maximum radial nub dimension being greater than the minor radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the pair of nubs that have passed through the keyway axially and into a space bounded by the radial step  20 ′ to be rotated relative to the inner sleeve to misalign the keyway  2 ′ and the pair of nubs  26 ′. 
     The second key  1 ′ has a predominant radial dimension, which corresponds to the maximum radial dimension of the keypath, that lies in a third plane which passes through the axis of the shaft and the opposite direction of each of nub. The arrangement of the key-keyway/keypath is distinct from the earlier embodiment and is shown in FIG.  14 . FIGS. 3 and 14 are substantially similar, except for the distinct arrangement of the key-keyway/keypath. For clarity in referring to the embodiment shown in FIG. 14, the reference numbers have been shown primed (′). 
     In another preferred embodiment incorporating the above key-keyway/keypath arrangement, a quick-release connector comprises a female member, with a receiving end, having an outer collar with an internal recess defined therein, an inner sleeve fitted into the internal recess, and means for biasing the outer collar towards the receiving end relative to the inner sleeve. The inner sleeve is movable axially relative to the outer collar and has an internal bore therethrough that is coaxial with the internal recess. 
     The internal recess of the collar has a radially defined keypath of a precalculated axial height disposed proximate to the receiving end with a maximum radial dimension and a minimum radial dimension, and a radial bore portion having a uniform radial bore dimension disposed adjacent to the keypath distally from the receiving end. 
     The inner sleeve has an outer contour comprising a radially defined first key of an axial depth that is less than the axial height of the keypath, having a radially defined shape corresponding to the keypath with corresponding radial dimensions that are less by a predetermined amount than the maximum radial dimension and the minimum radial dimension of the keypath to allow the first key to fit into the keypath, and being disposed proximate to the receiving end thereof, and further comprises a cylindrical sleeve portion disposed adjacent to the first key with a uniform radius that is less by a predetermined amount than the uniform radial bore dimension to allow the cylindrical sleeve portion to fit in the radial bore portion. 
     The internal bore  16 ′ of the inner sleeve of this preferred embodiment has a radially defined keyway  2 ′, with a major radial dimension and a minor radial dimension, commencing at the receiving end of the inner sleeve and extending axially away from the receiving end for a predetermined distance, a radial step adjacent to the keyway with a radial step dimension at least as great as the major radial dimension of the keyway, and a cylindrical bore portion  22 ′ is disposed adjacent to the radial step  20 ′ and distally from the receiving end with a radial dimension at least as great as the minor radial dimension of the keyway  2 ′. 
     Again referring to FIG. 14, the first key  3 ′ has a predominant radial dimension that lies in a first plane which passes through the axis of the inner sleeve and a second plane passes through the axis of the inner sleeve and the major radial dimension of the keyway, and a line normal to the first plane is transverse to a line normal to the second plane. 
     Also included is a male member  8 ′ with a leading end  28 ′, that is reversibly and coaxially engageable to the female member  9 ′, having a shaft extending from the leading end, at least one nub  26 ′, and a second radially defined key  1 ′ of predetermined axial height to resist rotational movement between the male member and the female member, disposed at a spaced axial distance from the at least one nub with a radially defined shape corresponding to the first key  3 ′. 
     The spaced axial distance being at least as great as the predetermined distance of the keyway, and the at least one nub protrudes radially from the side of the shaft in a radial direction with a maximum radial nub dimension that is less than the major radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the at least one nub to fit through the keyway and with the maximum radial nub dimension being greater than the minor radial dimension by a predetermined amount to allow the at least one nub that has passed through the keyway  2 ′ axially and into a space bounded by the radial step  20 ′ to be rotated relative to the inner sleeve to misalign the keyway and the at least one nub. 
     The second key  1 ′ has a predominant radial dimension, which corresponds to the maximum radial dimension of the keypath, that lies in a third plane which passes through the axis of the shaft and the radial direction of the at least one nub. 
     A preferred method for producing a quick-release connecting of a male member to a female member comprises the following steps: 
     a. axially receiving a leading portion of a shaft including an irregularly shaped shaft key extending transversely from the shaft of the male member into a keypath of an internal bore of the female member that has a corresponding shape as the irregularly shaped shaft key; 
     b. axially passing the irregularly shaped shaft key through the keypath; 
     c. pushing axially against a spring biased outer collar of the female member with a first irregularly shaped key of the male member causing a keyway having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key to be occupied by a second irregularly shaped key of the female member having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key; 
     d. rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath to inhibit further axial movement of the male member relative to the female member; 
     e. further rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath until the first irregularly shaped key is aligned with the keyway; and 
     f. releasing the spring biased outer collar causing the keyway to move axially to receive the first irregularly shaped key and to inhibit further rotation of the male member relative to the female member. 
     Another preferred method for producing a quick-release connecting of a male member to a female member comprises the following steps: 
     a. axially receiving a leading portion of a shaft of the male member into an internal bore of the female member; 
     b. rotating the male member after the male member has been axially received by the female member until an irregularly shaped shaft key extending transversely from the shaft is aligned with a keypath of the female member having a corresponding shape as the irregularly shaped shaft key; 
     c. axially passing the irregularly shaped shaft key through the keypath; 
     d. pushing axially against a spring biased outer collar of the female member with a first irregularly shaped key of the male member causing a keyway having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key to be occupied by a second irregularly shaped key of the female member having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key; 
     e. rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath to inhibit further axial movement of the male member relative to the female member; 
     f. further rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath until the first irregularly shaped key is aligned with the keyway; and 
     g. releasing the spring biased outer collar causing the keyway to move axially to receive the first irregularly shaped key and to inhibit further rotation of the male member relative to the female member. 
     Furthermore, the foregoing method may additionally include the following steps: 
     a. manually pushing axially against the spring biased outer collar of the female member to release the first irregularly shaped key; 
     b. rotating the male member to align the irregularly shaped shaft key with the keypath; and 
     c. axially withdrawing the irregularly shaped shaft key through the keypath. 
     Another method for producing a quick-release connecting of a male member to a female member of the present invention comprises the following sequential steps: 
     a. axially receiving a leading portion of a shaft of the male member into an internal bore of the female member; 
     b. rotating the male member after the male member has been axially received by the female member until an irregularly shaped shaft key extending transversely from the shaft is aligned with a keypath of the female member having a corresponding shape as the irregularly shaped shaft key; 
     c. axially passing the irregularly shaped shaft key through the keypath; 
     d. pushing axially against a spring biased outer collar of the female member with a first irregularly shaped key of the male member causing a keyway having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key to be occupied by a second irregularly shaped key of the female member having a corresponding shape as the first irregularly shaped key; 
     e. rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath to inhibit further axial movement of the male member relative to the female member; 
     f. further rotating the male member after the irregularly shaped shaft key has axially passed through the keypath until the first irregularly shaped key is aligned with the keyway; and 
     g. releasing the spring biased outer collar causing the keyway to move axially to receive the first irregularly shaped key and to inhibit further rotation of the male member relative to the female member. 
     While this invention has been described in connection with the best mode presently contemplated by the inventor for carrying out his invention, the preferred embodiments described and shown are for purposes of illustration only, and are not to be construed as constituting any limitations of the invention. Modifications will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and all modifications that do not depart from the spirit of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the appended claims. 
     The invention resides not in any one of these features per se, but rather in the particular combination of all of them herein disclosed and claimed and it is distinguished from the prior art in this particular combination of all of its structures for the function specified. 
     For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advantages and the specific objects attained by its uses, reference should be had to the accompanying drawing and descriptive matter in which there is illustrated preferred embodiments of the invention. 
     With respect to the above description then, it is to be realized that the optimum dimensional relationships for the parts of the invention, to include variations in size, materials, shape, form, function and manner of operation, assembly and use, are deemed readily apparent and obvious to one skilled in the art, and all equivalent relationships to those illustrated in the drawings and described in the specification are intended to be encompassed by the present invention. 
     Therefore, the foregoing is considered as illustrative only of the principles of the invention. Further, since numerous modifications and changes will readily occur to those skilled in the art, it is not desired to limit the invention to the exact construction and operation shown and described, and accordingly, all suitable modifications and equivalents may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the invention.