Abstract:
Isomalt hard coatings prepared from isomalt, a surfactant, and a coating binder provide good hard crunchy coating with good color without the usual stickiness problems typically associated with isomalt hard coating processes.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Conventional formation of a hard panned coating onto chewing gum is known. Such processes involve charging chewing gum cores into a rotary pan. Then an appropriate amount of a saccharide solution is added while rotating the rotary pan, to uniformly apply the saccharide solution over the surface of the chewing gum cores to form a saccharide coating over the surface. Moisture is evaporated from the coating to form a crystalline saccharide layer over the surface of the chewing gum core. This procedure is repeated until a saccharide coating layer of the desired thickness is obtained. 
         [0002]    Sucrose has been the most commonly employed saccharide material used for forming a hard coating. However, there is increased interest in using non-cariogenic sugar polyols as hard coating materials. Maltitol has been used as a hard coating sugar polyol. However, maltitol is a more expensive material than other sugar polyols such as isomalt. Additionally, maltitol hard coatings provide poorer color and appearance compared to isomalt hard coatings. 
         [0003]    The use of isomalt in hard panned coatings is challenging as the resulting coated products are often sticky. During the tumbling and coating process, as the chewing gum cores stick together it creates a large percentage of waste or unacceptable commercial products. Two or more cores stick together during the coating process, which may later separate to have unsatisfactory surface irregularities. Furthermore, the stickiness results in the cores adhering to the coating drum surface causing the necessity to clean the coater&#39;s drum, which strongly affects the total process time and efficiency. 
         [0004]    There remains a need in the art for an economical isomalt hard coating composition and efficient coating system and method that avoids the problems of stickiness and high recycle levels while at the same time providing a hard coating having a good color and crunchy texture. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0005]    In an embodiment, a hard isomalt coating comprises isomalt, a surfactant having an HLB value of greater than 10, and a coating binder. 
         [0006]    In an embodiment, a method of making a hard coated edible product comprises applying an isomalt coating syrup to a surface of an edible core; drying the coated edible core; and repeating the applying and drying steps to form a hard isomalt coated core; the isomalt coating syrup comprising isomalt, a surfactant having an HLB value of greater than 10, a coating binder, and optionally a sugar polyol syrup, a food acid, a colorant, or a combination thereof. 
         [0007]    In an embodiment, a drum coating system for coating edible cores, the system comprises a rotatable drum including an inner drum wall defining a drum cavity; a coating delivery device configured to distribute coating material to the edible cores within said drum cavity; at least one vented portion of said inner wall, said vented portion including a plurality of openings that allow fluid to flow into and out of said drum cavity; and at least one baffle extending from said inner drum wall, said baffle being affixed to said inner drum wall at least one affixing point disposed along said vented portion. 
         [0008]    In an embodiment, a method for coating edible cores, the method comprises providing a rotatable drum including an inner drum wall defining a drum cavity; providing at least one vented portion at said inner wall, said vented portion including a plurality of openings that allow fluid to flow into and out of said drum cavity; providing at least one baffle extending from said inner drum wall, said baffle being affixed to said inner drum wall at least a forward location relative to rotation of said rotatable drum and a rear location of said rotatable drum; disposing at least said forward location at a desirable position relative to said at least one venting portion; feeding the edible cores and coating material into said drum cavity; coating the edible cores via a rotating of the rotatable drum; and limiting adherence of the edible cores to said inner wall via said disposing at least said forward location at said desirable position relative to said at least one venting portion. 
         [0009]    The above described and other features are exemplified by the following detailed description 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0010]    The accompanying drawings incorporated in and forming a part of the specification embodies several aspects of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings: 
           [0011]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an inner wall of a rotatable drum in accordance with the prior art; 
           [0012]      FIG. 2  is a plan view of a rotatable coating drum for use in a drum coating system; 
           [0013]      FIG. 3  is a partial view of the drum coating system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment; and 
           [0014]      FIG. 4  is a partial view of the drum coating system in accordance with another exemplary embodiment. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0015]    Disclosed herein is an improved isomalt hard coating and improved isomalt hard coating process using a surfactant and a coating binder that results in a less sticky coating process, low recycle levels and a significant reduction of cleaning time for the coating equipment. The use of the surfactant as well as proper heating of the coating syrup was found to reduce the surface tension of the coating syrup and improved the wettability of the core surface. The resulting isomalt hard coated product exhibits both good crunchy texture and color. 
       Isomalt Hard Coating Composition 
       [0016]    The isomalt hard coating composition comprises isomalt, a surfactant having an HLB value of greater than 10, and a coating binder. The isomalt hard coating composition optionally further comprises an additional isomalt hard coating additive such as a colorant, a flavorant, a high intensity sweetener, a sensate, another coating additive, and the like, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the isomalt hard coating composition comprises isomalt, a surfactant having an HLB value of greater than 10, a coating binder and a sugar polyol syrup, such as sorbitol syrup, or a food acid, such as citric acid, or a combination of polyol syrup and food acid. The use of the polyol syrup or food acid can help to regulate the spreading efficiency of the syrup and to create a shell that is more resistant to chipping. 
         [0017]    Isomalt consists of disaccharide alcohols. Isomalt can be prepared by hydrogenating isomaltulose. Products of the hydrogenation can include 6-O-αD-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,6-GPS); 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-sorbitol (1,1-GPS); 1-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1,1-GPM); 6-O-α-D-glucopyranosyl-D-mannitol (1,6-GPM); and mixtures thereof. Some commercially available isomalt materials include an almost equimolar mixture of 1,6-GPS, and 1,1-GPM. Other isomalt materials can include pure 1,6-GPS; pure 1,1-GPS; pure 1,6-GP; or pure 1,1-GPM. Still other isomalt materials can include mixtures of 1,6-GPS; 1,1-GPS; 1,6-GPM; and 1,1-GPM at any ratio. Exemplary commercially available isomalt includes Isomalt ST, including Isomalt ST-M and Isomalt ST-PF, Isomalt GS, Isomalt M, Isomalt DC, and Isomalt LM available from BENEO-Palatinit, Su{umlaut over (d)}zucker Group. Isomalt ST has an almost equimolar mixture of 1,6-GPS (43-57%) and 1,1-GPM. Isomalt GS contains 1,6-GPS (75-80%) and 1,1-GPM. 
         [0018]    In an embodiment, the isomalt of the isomalt hard coating has an almost equimolar mixture of 1,6-GPS and 1,1-GPM. In another embodiment, the isomalt of the isomalt hard coating has a mixture of 1,1-GPM and 75-80% 1,6-GPS. 
         [0019]    The amount of isomalt present in the final hard coating can be about 85 to about 98 weight percent (wt %) dry weight, specifically about 88 to about 96 wt %, and more specifically about 90 to about 94 wt % based on the total weight of the coating. 
         [0020]    The isomalt hard coating composition further comprises a surfactant, specifically a surfactant having an HLB value greater than 10, specifically an HLB value of about 11 to about 18, more specifically about 12 to about 17, and yet more specifically about 13 to about 16. Exemplary surfactants include distilled monoglycerides, acetic acid esters of mono and diglycerides, citric acid esters of mono and diglycerides, lactic acid esters of mono and diglycerides, mono and diglycerides, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, ceteareth-20, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polyglyceryl laurate, glyceryl cocoate, sorbitan monostearates, sorbitan tristearates, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sodium stearoyl lactylates, calcium stearoyl lactylates, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides, glyceryl tricaprylate-caprate/medium chain triglycerides, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl lacto esters of fatty acids, glyceryl lacto palmitate, glyceryl stearate (glyceryl monostearate), glyceryl laurate, glycerly dilaurate, glyceryl monoricinoleate, triglyceryl monostearate, hexaglyceryl distearate, decaglyceryl monostearate, decaglyceryl dipalmitate, decaglyceryl monooleate, polyglyceryl 10 hexaoleate, medium chain triglycerides, caprylic/capric triglyceride, propylene glycol monostearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 65, hexylglyceryl distearate, triglyceryl monostearate, tweens, spans, stearoyl lactylates, calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate lecithin, ammonium phosphatide, sucrose esters of fatty acids (including stearate, palminate, and the like), sucroglycerides, propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids, or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the surfactant is a polysorbate including polysorbate 60 (HLB about 15), polysorbate 80 (HLB about 15), polysorbate 20 (HLB about 16.7), polysorbate 40 (HLB about 15.7) or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the surfactant is a sucrose ester of fatty acid including the family of sucrose ester products available from Sisterna B.V. The Netherlands. Exemplary sucrose esters include SISTERNA Sp70 (HLB about 15), for SISTERNA Sp50 (50% of monoester, HLB about 11), SISTERNA PS750 (75% of monoester, HLB about 16), or a combination thereof. 
         [0021]    The amount of surfactant present in the final dry hard coating is about 0.01 to about 0.9 wt %, specifically about 0.07 to about 0.75 wt %, more specifically about 0.1 to about 0.5 wt %, and still yet more specifically about 0.2 to about 0.4 wt % based on the total weight of the dry coating. 
         [0022]    In an embodiment, the surfactant is polysorbate 60 present in the final dry hard coating at about 0.10 to about 0.9wt %, specifically about 0.12 to about 0.75 wt %, and more specifically 0.2 to about 0.5 wt % based on the total weight of the dry coating. 
         [0023]    The surfactant can be present in a coating syrup in an amount of about 0.01 to about 0.65 wt % dry weight of the coating syrup. In an embodiment, the surfactant is polysorbate 60 present in the coating syrup in an amount of 0.10 to about 0.65 wt % dry weight of the coating syrup. 
         [0024]    The isomalt hard coating composition further comprises a coating binder. The coating binder can include naturally occurring materials such as plant exudates, seed gums, and seaweed extracts or they can be chemically modified materials such as cellulose, starch, or natural gum derivatives. Furthermore, coating binder materials can include pectin, gum arabic, acacia gum, alginates, agar, carageenans, guar gum, xanthan gum, locust bean gum, gelatin, gellan gum, galactomannans, tragacanth gum, karaya gum, curdlan, konjac, chitosan, xyloglucan, beta glucan, furcellaran, gum ghatti, tamarin, and bacterial gums. Modified natural gums include propylene glycol alginate, carboxymethyl locust bean gum, low methoxyl pectin, or a combination thereof. Modified celluloses can be included such as microcrystalline cellulose, carboxymethlcellulose (CMC), methylcellulose (MC), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, the coating binder is gum arabic. 
         [0025]    The amount of coating binder present in the final dry hard coating is about 1.0to about 8.0 wt %, specifically about 1.5 to about 7.0 wt %, more specifically about 2.0 to about 5.0 wt %, and yet more specifically about 2.5 to about 4.0 wt % based on the total weight of the dry coating. In an embodiment, the isomalt hard coating composition comprises gum arabic in an amount of about 1.0 to about 8.0 wt %, specifically about 1.5 to about 7.0 wt %, more specifically about 2.0 to about 5.0 wt %, and yet more specifically about 2.5 to about 4.0 wt % based on the total weight of the dry coating. 
         [0026]    In an embodiment, the isomalt hard coating composition may comprise small amounts of an additional sugar polyol (also referred to as “sugar alcohol”) including erythritol, galactitol, a hydrogenated starch hydrolysate, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, polyglycitol, sorbitol, xylitol, or a combination thereof. The sugar polyol ingredient to prepare the isomalt hard coating composition can be in powdered or syrup form. The presence of the other sugar polyol can be in an amount of 0 to about 15 wt %, specifically, 0 to about 10 wt %, and yet more specifically 0 to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the dry coating. 
         [0027]    The isomalt hard coating composition may also further comprise a flavorant. Exemplary flavorants (flavor, flavoring agent) that can be used include those artificial or natural flavors known in the art, for example synthetic flavor oils, natural flavoring aromatics and/or oils, oleoresins, extracts derived from plants, leaves, flowers, fruits, and the like, or a combination thereof. Nonlimiting representative flavors include oils such as spearmint oil, cinnamon oil, oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate), peppermint oil, clove oil, bay oil, anise oil, eucalyptus oil, thyme oil, cedar leaf oil, oil of nutmeg, allspice, oil of sage, mace, oil of bitter almonds, cassia oil, and citrus oils including lemon, orange, lime, grapefruit, vanilla, fruit essences, including apple, pear, peach, grape, strawberry, raspberry, blackberry, cherry, plum, pineapple, apricot, banana, melon, tropical fruit, mango, mangosteen, pomegranate, papaya, honey lemon, and the like, or a combination thereof. Specific flavorants are mints such as peppermint, spearmint, artificial vanilla, cinnamon derivatives, and various fruit flavors. 
         [0028]    Other types of flavorants include various aldehydes and esters such as cinnamyl acetate, cinnamaldehyde, citral diethylacetal, dihydrocarvyl acetate, eugenyl formate, p-methylamisol, acetaldehyde (apple), benzaldehyde (cherry, almond), anisic aldehyde (licorice, anise), cinnamic aldehyde (cinnamon), citral, i.e., alpha-citral (lemon, lime), neral, i.e., beta-citral (lemon, lime), decanal (orange, lemon), ethyl vanillin (vanilla, cream), heliotrope, i.e., piperonal (vanilla, cream), vanillin (vanilla, cream), alpha-amyl cinnamaldehyde (spicy fruity flavors), butyraldehyde (butter, cheese), valeraldehyde (butter, cheese), citronellal (modifies, many types), decanal (citrus fruits), aldehyde C-8 (citrus fruits), aldehyde C-9 (citrus fruits), aldehyde C-12 (citrus fruits), 2-ethyl butyraldehyde (berry fruits), hexenal, i.e., trans-2 (berry fruits), tolyl aldehyde (cherry, almond), veratraldehyde (vanilla), 2,6-dimethyl-5-heptenal, i.e., melonal (melon), 2,6-dimethyloctanal (green fruit), and 2-dodecenal (citrus, mandarin). 
         [0029]    The flavorant can be used in liquid or solid form. The flavorant can be added during the coating process as a separate, direct addition to the coating drum or as a component of a coating syrup, specifically as a separate addition. 
         [0030]    More than one flavorant can be used in the isomalt coating composition. The amount and type of flavorant used in the isomalt coating composition can be chosen based on the targeted release profile and flavor intensity desired. Exemplary amounts of flavorant present in the final hard coating is about 0.01 to about 1.0 wt %, specifically about 0.1 to about 0.8 wt %, and more specifically 0.2 to about 0.6 wt % based on the total weight of the dry coating. 
         [0031]    The isomalt hard coating composition may also further comprise a colorant. Coloring agents (colors, colorants, colorings) can be used in amounts effective to produce a desired color for the coating. Suitable coloring agents include pigments, natural food colors and dyes suitable for food, drug, and cosmetic applications. Suitable colors include annatto extract (E160b), bixin, norbixin, astaxanthin, dehydrated beets (beet powder), beetroot red/betanin (E162), ultramarine blue, canthaxanthin (E161g), cryptoxanthin (E161c), rubixanthin (E161d), vio lanxanthin (E161e), rhodoxanthin (E161f), caramel (E150( a-d)), β-apo-8′-carotenal (E160e), β-carotene (E160a), alpha carotene, gamma carotene, ethyl ester of beta-apo-8 carotenal (E160f), flavoxanthin (E161a), lutein (E161b), cochineal extract (E120), carmine (E132), carmoisine/azorubine (E122), sodium copper chlorophyllin (E141), chlorophyll (E140), toasted partially defatted cooked cottonseed flour, ferrous gluconate, ferrous lactate, grape color extract, grape skin extract (enocianina), anthocyanins (E163), haematococcus algae meal, synthetic iron oxide, iron oxides and hydroxides (E172), fruit juice, vegetable juice, dried algae meal, tagetes (Aztec marigold) meal and extract, carrot oil, corn endosperm oil, paprika, paprika oleoresin, phaffia yeast, riboflavin (E101), saffron, titanium dioxide, turmeric (E100), turmeric oleoresin, amaranth (E123), capsanthin/capsorbin (E160c), lycopene (E160d), FD&amp;C blue #1, FD&amp;C blue #2, FD&amp;C green #3, FD&amp;C red #3, FD&amp;C red #40, FD&amp;C yellow #5 and FD&amp;C yellow #6, tartrazine (E102), quinoline yellow (E104), sunset yellow (E110), ponceau (E124), erythrosine (E127), patent blue V (E131), titanium dioxide (E171), aluminium (E173), silver (E174), gold (E175), pigment rubine/lithol rubine BK (E180), calcium carbonate (E170), carbon black (E153), black PN/brilliant black BN (E151), green S/acid brilliant green BS (E142), or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, certified colors can include FD&amp;C aluminum lakes, or a combination thereof. A full recitation of all FD&amp; C colorants and their corresponding chemical structures may be found in the Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology, 4th Edition, in volume 1 at pages 492-494, which text is incorporated herein by reference. 
         [0032]    The colorant can be added during the coating process as a separate, direct addition to the coating drum or as a component of a coating syrup, specifically as a component of a coating syrup. 
         [0033]    The isomalt hard coating composition may also further comprise a high intensity sweetener. A “high intensity sweetener” as used herein means agents having a sweetness greater than the sweetness of sucrose. In an embodiment, a high intensity sweetener has a sweetness that is at least 100 times that of sugar (sucrose) on a per weight basis, specifically at least 500 times that of sugar on a per weight basis. In an embodiment the high intensity sweetener is at least 1,000 times that of sugar on a per weight basis, more specifically at least 5,000 times that of sugar on a per weight basis. The high intensity sweetener can be selected from a wide range of materials, including water-soluble sweeteners, water-soluble artificial sweeteners, water-soluble sweeteners derived from naturally occurring water-soluble sweeteners, dipeptide based sweeteners, and protein based sweeteners. Combinations comprising one or more sweeteners or one or more of the foregoing types of sweeteners can be used. Without being limited to particular sweeteners, representative categories and examples include: 
         [0034]    water-soluble sweetening agents such as dihydrochalcones, monellin, steviosides, rebaudiocides, glycyrrhizin, dihydroflavenol, monatin, and L-aminodicarboxylic acid aminoalkenoic acid ester amides, such as those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,619,834, or a combination thereof; 
         [0035]    water-soluble artificial sweeteners such as soluble saccharin salts, i.e., sodium or calcium saccharin salts, cyclamate salts, acesulfame salts, such as the sodium, ammonium or calcium salt of 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4-one-2,2-dioxide, the potassium salt of 3,4-dihydro-6-methyl-1,2,3-oxathiazine-4-one-2,2-dioxide (Acesulfame-K), the free acid form of saccharin, or a combination thereof; dipeptide based sweeteners, for example the L-aspartic acid derived sweeteners such as L-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine methyl ester (Aspartame) and materials described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,492,131, L-alpha-aspartyl-N-(2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-3-thietanyl)-D-alaninamide hydrate (Alitame), methyl esters of L-aspartyl-L-phenylglycerine and L-aspartyl-L-2,5-dihydrophenyl-glycine, L-aspartyl-2,5-dihydro-L-phenylalanine; L-aspartyl-L-(1-cyclohexen)-alanine, neotame, or a combination thereof; 
         [0036]    water-soluble sweeteners derived from naturally occurring water-soluble sweeteners, such as steviosides and stevia derived compounds such as but not limited to steviol glycosides such as rebaudiocides including rebaudiocide A, and the like, lo han quo and lo han quo derived compounds such as iso-mogroside V and the like, chlorinated derivatives of ordinary sugar (sucrose), e.g., chlorodeoxysugar derivatives such as derivatives of chlorodeoxysucrose or chlorodeoxygalactosucrose, known, for example, under the product designation of Sucralose; examples of chlorodeoxysucrose and chlorodeoxygalactosucrose derivatives include but are not limited to: 1-chloro-1′-deoxysucrose; 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-alpha-D-fructofuranoside, or 4-chloro-4-deoxygalactosucrose; 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-1-chloro-1-deoxy-beta-D-fructo-furanoside, or 4,1′-dichloro-4,1′-dideoxygalactosucrose; 1′,6′-dichlorol1′,6′-dideoxysucrose; 4-chloro-4-deoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-1, 6-dichlorol-6-dideoxy-beta-D-fructofuranoside, or 4, 1′,6-trichloro-4,1′,6′-trideoxygalactosucrose; 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-6-chloro-6-deoxy-beta-D-fructofuranoside, or 4,6,6′-trichloro-4,6,6′-trideoxygalactosucrose; 6,1′,6′-trichloro-6,1′,6′-trideoxysucrose; 4,6-dichloro-4,6-dideoxy-alpha-D-galacto-pyranosyl-1,6-dichloro-1,6-dideox y-beta-D-fructofuranoside, or 4,6,1′,6′-tetrachloro4,6,1′,6′-tetradeoxygalacto-sucrose; 4,6,1′,6′-tetradeoxy-sucrose, or a combination thereof; 
         [0037]    protein based sweeteners such as thaumaoccous danielli, talin, or a combination thereof; and 
         [0038]    amino acid based sweeteners. 
         [0039]    The high intensity sweetener can be added during the coating process as a separate, direct addition to the coating drum or as a component of a coating syrup. 
         [0040]    The isomalt hard coating composition may also further comprise a sensate. Exemplary sensates include cooling agents, warming agents, tingling agents, or a combination thereof. The sensate can be added during the coating process as a separate, direct addition to the coating drum or as a component of a coating syrup, specifically as a separate addition. 
         [0041]    Coolants are additives that provide a cooling or refreshing effect in the mouth, in the nasal cavity, or on skin. For example, among the useful cooling agents are included menthane, menthone, ketals, menthone ketals, menthone glycerol ketals, substituted p-menthanes, acyclic carboxamides, mono menthyl glutarate, substituted cyclohexanamides, substituted cyclohexane carboxamides, substituted ureas and sulfonamides, substituted menthanols, hydroxymethyl and hydroxymethyl derivatives of p-menthane, 2-mercapto-cyclo-decanone, hydroxycarboxylic acids with 2-6 carbon atoms, cyclohexanamides, menthyl acetate, menthyl salicylate, N,2,3-trimethyl-2-isopropyl butanamide (WS-23), N-ethyl-2,2-diisopropylbutanamide, N-ethyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide (WS-3), ethyl ester of N-[[5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl]glycine (WS-5), as well as the substantially pure ethyl ester of N-[[5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)cyclohexyl]carbonyl]glycine as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,189,760 to Erman, et al which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference, isopulegol, menthyloxy propane diol, 3-(1-menthoxy)propane-1,2-diol, 3-(1-menthoxy)-2-methylpropane-1,2-diol, p-menthane-2,3-diol, p-menthane-3,8-diol, 6-isopropyl-9-methyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4,5]decane-2-methanol, menthyl succinate and its alkaline earth metal salts, trimethylcyclohexanol, N-ethyl-2-isopropyl-5-methylcyclohexanecarboxamide, N-(4-cyanomethylphenyl) p-menthanecarboxamide (G- 180 ), Japanese mint oil, peppermint oil, 3-(1-menthoxy)ethan-1-ol, 3-(1-menthoxy)propan-1-ol, 3-(1-menthoxy)butan-1-ol, 1-menthylacetic acid N-ethylamide, 1-menthyl-4-hydroxypentanoate, 1-menthyl-3-hydroxybutyrate, N,2,3-trimethyl-2-(1-methylethyl)-butanamide, n-ethyl-t-2-c-6 nonadienamide, N,N-dimethyl menthyl succinamide, substituted p-menthanes, substituted p-menthane-carboxamides, 2-isopropanyl-5-methylcyclohexanol (from Hisamitsu Pharmaceuticals, hereinafter “isopregol”); menthone glycerol ketals (FEMA 3807, tradename FRESCOLAT® type MGA); 3-1-menthoxypropane-1,2-diol (from Takasago, FEMA 3784); and menthyl lactate; (from Haarman &amp; Reimer, FEMA 3748, tradename FRESCOLAT® type ML), WS-30, WS-14, Eucalyptus extract (p-Mehtha-3,8-Diol), Menthol (its natural or synthetic derivatives), Menthol PG carbonate, Menthol EG carbonate, Menthol glyceryl ether, N-tertbutyl-p-menthane-3-carboxamide, P-menthane-3-carboxylic acid glycerol ester, Methyl-2-isopryl-bicyclo (2.2.1), Heptane-2-carboxamide; Menthol methyl ether, menthyl pyrrolidone carboxylate; 2,5-dimethyl-4-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-3(2H)-furanone; cyclic α-keto enamines, cyclotene derivatives such as cyclopentenes including 3-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-l-one and 5-methyl-2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one, compounds of the formula: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    wherein B is selected from H, CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , OCH 3 , OC 2 H 5 ; and OH; and wherein A is a moiety of the formula-CO-D, wherein D is selected from the following moieties: (i) —NR 1 R 2 , wherein R 1  and R 2  are independently selected from H and C 1 -C 8  straight or branched-chain aliphatic, alkoxyalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, araliphatic and cycloalkyl groups, or R 1  and R 2  together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached form part of an optionally-substituted, five-or six-membered heterocyclic ring; (ii) —NHCH 2 COOCH 2 CH 3 , —NHCH 2 CONH 2 , —NHCH 2 CH 2 OCH 3 , —NHCH 2 CH 2 OH, —NHCH 2 CH(OH)CH 2 OH and (iii) a moiety selected from the group consisting of: 
         [0000]    
       
                 
         
             
             
         
       
     
         [0000]    as disclosed in PCT Patent Application WO2006/125334 to Bell et al. which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference, among others; or a combination thereof. Other compounds include the alpha-keto enamines disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,592,884 to Hofmann et al. which is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference. These and other suitable cooling agents are further described in the following U.S. patents, all of which are incorporated in their entirety by reference hereto: U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,230,688; 4,032,661; 4,459,425; 4,178,459; 4,296,255; 4,136,163; 5,009,893; 5,266,592; 5,698,181; 6,277,385; 6,627,233; 7,030,273. Still other suitable cooling agents are further described in the following U.S. Published Patent Applications, all of which are incorporated in their entirety by reference hereto: U.S. 2005/0222256; 2005/0265930. 
         [0042]    Warming agents can be selected from a wide variety of compounds known to provide the sensory signal of warming to the user. These compounds offer the perceived sensation of warmth, particularly in the oral cavity, and often enhance the perception of flavors, sweeteners and other organoleptic components. Among the useful warming agents included are vanillyl alcohol n-butylether (TK-1000) supplied by Takasago Perfumary Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan, vanillyl alcohol n-propylether, vanillyl alcohol isopropylether, vanillyl alcohol isobutylether, vanillyl alcohol n-amino ether, vanillyl alcohol isoamylether, vanillyl alcohol n-hexylether, vanillyl alcohol methylether, vanillyl alcohol ethylether, gingerol, shogaol, paradol, zingerone, capsaicin, dihydrocapsaicin, nordihydrocapsaicin, homocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, ethanol, isopropol alcohol, iso-amylalcohol, benzyl alcohol, glycerine, or a combination thereof. 
         [0043]    In an embodiment, tingling agents may be employed to provide a tingling, stinging or numbing sensation to the user. Tingling agents include, but are not limited to: Jambu Oleoresin or para cress (Spilanthes sp.), in which the active ingredient is Spilanthol; Japanese pepper extract (Zanthoxylum peperitum), including the ingredients known as Saanshool-I, Saanshool-II and Sanshoamide; perillartine; 4-(1-menthoxymethyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane; black pepper extract (piper nigrum), including the active ingredients chavicine and piperine; Echinacea extract; Northern Prickly Ash extract; trans-pellitorin, and red pepper oleoresin; or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, alkylamides extracted from materials such as jambu or sanshool may be included. 
         [0044]    The isomalt hard coating composition may also further comprise other additional coating additives such as a flavor modulator or potentiator, a food acid or salt thereof, a functional ingredient, a wax, or a combination thereof. The other additional coating additive can be added during the coating process as a separate, direct addition to the coating drum or as a component of a coating syrup, specifically as a separate addition. 
         [0045]    Exemplary food acids and food acid salts include acetic acid, adipic acid, ascorbic acid, butyric acid, citric acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, glyconic acid, lactic acid, phosphoric acid, malic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, and alkali metal salts thereof (e.g., sodium citrate dihydrate), or a combination thereof. 
         [0046]    Exemplary functional ingredients include a breath freshener, a dental care component, an active, an herbal, an effervescing system, an appetite suppressor, a vitamin, a micronutrient, a mouth moistening component, a throat care component, an energy boosting agent, a concentration boosting agent, or a combination thereof. 
         [0047]    Flavor potentiators can consist of materials that intensify, supplement, modify or enhance the taste or aroma perception of an original material without introducing a characteristic taste or aroma perception of their own. Flavor modulators can impart a characteristic of their own that complements or negates a characteristic of another component. In an embodiment, flavor modulators or potentiators are designed to intensify, supplement, modify, or enhance the perception of flavor, sweetness, tartness, umami, kokumi, saltiness or a combination thereof can be included. 
         [0048]    Exemplary flavor modulators or potentiators include monoammonium glycyrrhizinate, licorice glycyrrhizinates, citrus aurantium, alapyridaine, alapyridaine (N-(1-carboxyethyl)-6-(hydroxymethyl)pyridinium-3-ol) inner salt, miraculin, curculin, strogin, mabinlin, gymnemic acid, cynarin, glupyridaine, pyridinium-betain compounds, neotame, thaumatin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone, tagatose, trehalose, maltol, ethyl maltol, vanilla extract, vanilla oleoresin, vanillin, sugar beet extract (alcoholic extract), sugarcane leaf essence (alcoholic extract), compounds that respond to G-protein coupled receptors (T2Rs and T1Rs), or a combination thereof. In an embodiment, sugar acids, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium acid sulfate, or a combination thereof are used. In an embodiment, glutamates such as monosodium glutamate, monopotassium glutamate, hydrolyzed vegetable protein, hydrolyzed animal protein, yeast extract, or a combination thereof are included. Further examples include adenosine monophosphate (AMP), glutathione, and nucleotides such as inosine monophosphate, disodium inosinate, xanthosine monophosphate, guanylate monophosphate, or a combination thereof. Further examples of flavor potentiator compositions that impart kokumi are also included in U.S. Pat. No. 5,679,397 to Kuroda et al. 
         [0049]    The amount of flavor modulators, flavor potentiators, and flavorants used herein can be a matter of preference subject to such factors as the type of final product composition, the individual flavor, and the strength of flavor desired. Thus, the amount of flavoring can be varied in order to obtain the result desired in the final product and such variations are within the capabilities of those skilled in the art without the need for undue experimentation. 
       Coating System and Process Generally 
       [0050]    Referring to  FIGS. 2-4  a drum coating system  10  for coating edible cores  12  is illustrated. As shown in the Figures, the system includes baffles  14  that are affixed to an inner wall  16  of one or more rotatable drums  18  including a coating material delivery device (not shown) configured to deliver coating material to a cavity defined by the drum. As will be explained below, the baffles  14  are affixed to the inner wall  16  in a manner that reduces occurrences of core adherence to the inner wall  16  relative to prior art systems such as that shown in  FIGS. 1 . 
         [0051]    Indeed, as shown in  FIG. 1 , prior art systems are susceptible to core build up at least at the baffle leg disposed at a forward position relative to rotation of the drum (if the drum is rotating clockwise). Notably, the forward position in prior art systems is situated outside of the vented or perforated portion. This build up is significantly reduced (and nearly eliminated) in the system  10  as shown in  FIG. 3 . 
         [0052]    In the exemplary embodiment of the system  10  shown in  FIG. 3 , the baffle  14  is affixed to the inner wall  16  via two baffle legs  20   a  and  20   b . If the drum  18  rotates in a clockwise direction (which is the case in this embodiment), the leg  20   a  affixes the baffle  14  to the inner wall  16  at forward affixing point  22   a , and the leg  20   b  affixes the baffle  14  to the inner wall  16  at rear affixing point  22   b.    
         [0053]    As shown in  FIG. 3 , in addition to the baffle  14 , the inner wall  16  includes at least one vented or perforated portion  24 . The vented portion  24  includes a plurality of openings that allow fluid to flow into and out of the drum cavity. In the exemplary embodiment of the system  10  as shown in  FIG. 3 , the forward affixing point  22   a  that affixes the baffle  14  to the inner wall  16  is disposed along or within a perimeter defining the vented portion  24 . By positioning the forward affixing point  22   a  within this vented area  24 , fluid dynamics are created within the drum cavity and around the baffle  14  that reduce instances of cores  12  adhering to the inner wall  16  during and after drum rotation, particularly at the forward affixing point  22   a . In addition, it is contemplated that the trapezoidal shape of the baffle  14  assists in reducing adherence of the cores  12  to the inner wall  16 . 
         [0054]    Referring now to  FIG. 4 , the system  10  is shown with the baffle  14  situated similarly to that shown in  FIG. 3 , except the system  10  of  FIG. 4  further includes a vented or perforated bar  26  extending across the vented portion  24 . In the exemplary embodiment of  FIG. 4 , the vented bar is mounted on to the inner wall  16 , and the baffle  14  is mounted to the vented bar  26 . Hereagain, the forward affixing point  22   a  affixes the baffle  14  to the inner wall  16  at a point disposed along or within a perimeter defining the vented portion  24 . In this exemplary embodiment however the baffle  14  is affixed to the vented portion  24  via the leg  20   a  and the vented bar  26 . Similarly to the embodiment shown in  FIG. 3 , the embodiment shown in  FIG. 4  results in fluid dynamics in the drum cavity that reduces core adherence to the inner wall  16 . 
         [0055]    It should be appreciated that the system  10  as shown in  FIGS. 2-4  may be employed in the isomalt hard coating process for edible cores discussed hereinbelow. 
       Isomalt Hard Coating Process 
       [0056]    In a generalized coating process, an isomalt coating syrup comprising isomalt, a surfactant, a coating binder, and water is applied in numerous thin layers to edible cores with drying in between each application in order to form an appropriate uniform coated and finished quality surface on the final products. The isomalt hard coating syrup is sprayed onto edible cores as they pass through a coating mechanism or a coating tunnel and are tumbled and rotated therein. In addition, warm air is circulated or forced into the coating tunnel or mechanism in order to dry each of the successive coating layers on the formed products. 
         [0057]    Two or more different isomalt coating syrups can be used to prepare a single coated product, used in various stages of the coating process. The different isomalt coating syrups can vary by the type or amount of additional coating additive, e.g. varying colorants. For example, a first coating syrup containing isomalt, a surfactant, a coating binder, titanium dioxide and water can be used at the early stages of the coating process to build up a hard layer of white-colored isomalt hard coating. At a latter stage of coating, a second coating syrup containing isomalt, a surfactant, a coating binder, a non-white colorant and water can be applied to result in a non-white hard isomalt coating. 
         [0058]    At the initial stage of the coating process, a dry charge of powdered isomalt can be applied after application of the isomalt coating syrup to absorb excess moisture and to accelerate the process of crystallization. In addition, the dry charge aids in covering the edible core surface faster and to reduce the sticky behavior of isomalt at the early stage in the process. 
         [0059]    Optionally, certain additional coating additives can be added during the coating process separate from the application of the coating syrups, including the addition of flavorants, food acids, sensates, and the like or a combination thereof. 
         [0060]    In an embodiment, applications of an edible wax or any other glazing agents can be applied during the latter stages of the coating process. Exemplary edible wax include carnauba wax, beeswax, vegetable wax, candelilla wax, edible petroleum waxes, and the like, or a combination thereof. Glazing agents in include shellac and the like. 
         [0061]    The coating process can be continuous or batch. Commercially available coating pans and equipment can be used. 
         [0062]    The isomalt hard coating is distinct from soft coatings not only by the difference in their physical properties, but also by how they are made. Soft coatings do not have the hard crunch and texture by nature. 
       Edible Cores 
       [0063]    The edible cores that can be coated with the hard isomalt coating composition can be from a wide variety of types as long as the core has an appropriate shape for pan coating. Exemplary edible cores include chewing gum (ball, cushion, pellet, pillow, etc.), a confectionery, a nut or nut piece, a dried fruit or dried fruit piece, and the like. Exemplary confectionery material includes a caramel, a chewy candy, a chocolate, a fondant, a fudge, a gummy, a hard candy, a licorice, a low boiled candy, a nougat, a pastille, a pressed mint, and the like, or a combination thereof. 
         [0064]    In an embodiment, the edible core is a chewing gum. 
         [0065]    In general the chewing gum composition of the chewing gum core comprises a gum base and a bulk sweetener or a gum base polymer and a bulk sweetener. When combined with the gum base or gum base polymer, the bulk sweetener can be in powdered form or in molten form depending upon the desired texture of the chewing gum composition. 
         [0066]    The bulk sweetener of the chewing gum composition can be a sugar-based or sugar-free bulk sweetener, specifically sugar-free. Bulk sugar sweeteners generally include saccharides. Suitable sugar sweeteners include mono-saccharides, di-saccharides and poly-saccharides, for example, sucrose (sugar), dextrose, maltose, dextrin, xylose, ribose, glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose (levulose), lactose, invert sugar, fructo oligo saccharide syrups, partially hydrolyzed starch, corn syrup solids, such as high fructose corn syrup, or a combination thereof. 
         [0067]    The bulk sweetener can also be a sugar-free bulk sweetener such as a sugar sugar polyol. The sugar polyol can be erythritol, galactitol, isomalt, a hydrogenated starch hydrolyzate, lactitol, maltitol, mannitol, polyglycitol, sorbitol, xylitol, and the like, or a combination thereof. The sugar polyol can be in powdered or particulate form (either crystalline or amorphous), molten (melted) form having a low moisture content (e.g. less than 10 wt %, specifically less than 5 wt %), or in syrup form (also referred to as “solution”) with water. Exemplary sugar polyol syrups include sorbitol syrup, maltitol syrup, hydrogenated starch hydrolysate syrup, polyglycitol syrup, and the like. 
         [0068]    The amount of bulk sweetener in the chewing gum composition can be about 1 to about 85 wt % based on the total weight of the chewing gum composition, specifically about 10 to about 75 wt %, more specifically about 20 to about 70 wt %, yet more specifically about 30 to about 65 wt %, and yet more specifically about 40 to about 60 wt %. 
         [0069]    In an embodiment, the chewing gum composition is sugar-free. 
         [0070]    The chewing gum may further comprise an additional ingredient wherein the additional ingredient is a flavorant, a fat, a high intensity sweetener, a food acid or salt thereof, a sensate, a flavor modulator or potentiator, a coloring agent, a humectant, a salt, a softener, or a combination thereof. 
         [0071]    The chewing gum composition may optionally further comprise a humectant. Exemplary humectants include glycerin, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, or a combination thereof. The amount of humectant can be controlled to ensure the final chewing gum product does not unduly absorb moisture from the surrounding environment during production, packaging, storage, and use. 
         [0072]    The chewing gum composition may further include a softener, such as those described herein for use in the gum base. 
         [0073]    The chewing gum composition comprises a chewing gum base or a gum base polymer. In an embodiment, the chewing gum comprises a gum base comprising an elastomer and optionally an additional gum base ingredient, wherein the additional gum base ingredient is a resin, a fat, an emulsifier, a wax, a filler, a softener, a plasticizer, an antioxidant, or a combination thereof. 
         [0074]    As used herein, the term “gum base” refers to water insoluble material(s) and can include, for example, elastomers, resins, waxes, elastomer solvents, emulsifiers, plasticizers, bulking agents/fillers, or a combination thereof. 
         [0075]    The amount of gum base employed will vary depending upon various factors such as the type of base used, the consistency of the chewing gum desired, and the other components used in the composition to make the final chewing gum product. In general, the gum base will be present in amounts of about 5 to about 65 wt % based on the total weight of the chewing gum composition, specifically about 10 to about 55 wt %, more specifically about 15 to about 45 wt %, and yet more specifically about 20 to about 35 wt %. 
         [0076]    Exemplary elastomers to be used in the chewing gum base include both natural and synthetic elastomers and rubbers, for example, substances of vegetable origin such as chicle, crown gum, nispero, rosadinha, jelutong, perillo, niger gutta, tunu, balata, gutta-percha, lechi-capsi, sorva, gutta kay, and the like, or a combination thereof. Synthetic elastomers such as butadiene-styrene copolymers, polyisobutylene, isobutyleneisoprene copolymers, polyethylene, a combination thereof, and the like, or a combination thereof are also useful. The gum base can include a non-toxic vinyl polymer, such as polyvinyl acetate and its partial hydrolysate, polyvinyl alcohol, or a combination thereof. When utilized, the molecular weight of the vinyl polymer can range from about 3,000 up to and including about 94,000. Additional useful polymers include: crosslinked polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polymethylmethacrylate; copolymers of lactic acid, polyhydroxyalkanoates, plasticized ethylcellulose, polyvinyl acetatephthalate, or a combination thereof. 
         [0077]    Conventional additives can be included in the gum base in effective amounts such as plasticizers or softeners to provide a variety of desirable textures and consistency properties. Suitable plasticizers and softeners include lanolin, palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, sodium stearate, potassium stearate, glyceryl triacetate, glyceryl lecithin, glyceryl monostearate, propylene glycol monostearate, acetylated monoglyceride, glycerin, or a combination thereof. Some of these ingredients may be added at the time of gum base formation or added later during the production of the chewing gum composition. 
         [0078]    Waxes, for example, natural and synthetic waxes, hydrogenated vegetable oils, petroleum waxes such as polyurethane waxes, polyethylene waxes, paraffin waxes, microcrystalline waxes, fatty waxes, sorbitan monostearate, tallow, propylene glycol, and the like, or a combination thereof, can also be incorporated into the gum base to obtain a variety of desirable textures and consistency properties. 
         [0079]    When a wax is present in the gum base, it softens the polymeric elastomer mixture and improves the elasticity of the gum base. The waxes employed may have a melting point below about 60° C., and specifically between about 45° C. and about 55° C. The low melting wax can be a paraffin wax. The wax can be present in the gum base in an amount of about 0.1 to about 10 wt %, and specifically about 3 to about 7 wt % based on the total weight of the gum base. 
         [0080]    In addition to the low melting point waxes, waxes having a higher melting point can be used in the gum base in amounts up to about 5 wt % based on the total weight of the gum base. Such high melting waxes include beeswax, vegetable wax, candelilla wax, carnuba wax, most petroleum waxes, and the like, or a combination thereof. 
         [0081]    The gum base can optionally contain conventional elastomer solvents to aid in softening the elastomer base component, for example resins such as polymers of alpha-pinene or beta-pinene; methyl, glycerol or pentaerythritol esters of rosins or modified rosins and gums, such as hydrogenated, dimerized or polymerized rosins, or a combination thereof; the pentaerythritol ester of partially hydrogenated wood or gum rosin; the pentaerythritol ester of wood or gum rosin; the glycerol ester of wood rosin; the glycerol ester of partially dimerized wood or gum rosin; the glycerol ester of polymerized wood or gum rosin; the glycerol ester of tall oil rosin; the glycerol ester of wood or gum rosin; the partially hydrogenated wood or gum rosin; the partially hydrogenated methyl ester of wood or rosin; and the like; or a combination thereof. The elastomer solvent can be used in amounts of about 5 to about 75 wt % base on the total weight of the gum base, and specifically about 45 to about 70 wt %. 
         [0082]    The gum base can include effective amounts of bulking agents such as mineral adjuvants, which can serve as fillers and textural agents. Suitable mineral adjuvants include calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, aluminum silicate, talc, tricalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate and the like, or a combination thereof. These fillers or adjuvants can be used in the gum base in various amounts. Specifically the amount of filler, when used, can be present in an amount of greater than about 5 to about 60 wt % based on the total weight of the gum base, and more specifically from about 20 to about 30 wt %. 
         [0083]    Suitable emulsifiers for use in the gum base include distilled monoglycerides, acetic acid esters of mono and diglycerides, citric acid esters of mono and diglycerides, lactic acid esters of mono and diglycerides, mono and diglycerides, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, ceteareth-20, polyglycerol polyricinoleate, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids, polyglyceryl laurate, glyceryl cocoate, gum arabic, acacia gum, sorbitan monostearates, sorbitan tristearates, sorbitan monolaurate, sorbitan monooleate, sodium stearoyl lactylates, calcium stearoyl lactylates, diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono-and diglycerides, glyceryl tricaprylate-caprate/medium chain triglycerides, glyceryl dioleate, glyceryl oleate, glyceryl lacto esters of fatty acids, glyceryl lacto palmitate, glyceryl stearate, glyceryl laurate, glycerly dilaurate, glyceryl monoricinoleate, triglyceryl monostearate, hexaglyceryl distearate, decaglyceryl monostearate, decaglyceryl dipalmitate, decaglyceryl monooleate, polyglyceryl 10 hexaoleate, medium chain triglycerides, caprylic/capric triglyceride, propylene glycol monostearate, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 40, polysorbate 60, polysorbate 80, polysorbate 65, hexylglyceryl distearate, triglyceryl monostearate, tweens, spans, stearoyl lactylates, calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate, sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate, lecithin, ammonium phosphatide, sucrose esters of fatty acids, sucroglycerides, propane-1,2-diol esters of fatty acids, or a combination thereof. 
         [0084]    The chewing gum composition can be prepared using standard techniques and equipment known in the art. Furthermore, the chewing gum composition can be prepared into chewing gum cores using standard techniques and equipment known in the art. Likewise, the confectionery can be prepared into confectionery cores using standard techniques and equipment known in the art. 
         [0085]    The hard coated edible product can be packaged using techniques and equipment known in the art. For example packaging cartons, cups, blister trays, and the like can be used. In an embodiment is a packaged product that includes a hard coated edible product wherein the package has indicia on an outer surface that is indicative of the product contained in the package. 
         [0086]    In an embodiment, the isomalt coated chewing gum product can comprise a center-fill. 
         [0087]    The features and advantages are more fully shown by the following examples which are provided for purposes of illustration, and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. 
       EXAMPLES 
     Example 1 
       [0088]    Chewing gum cores in the shape of pellets were hard coated in a pan coating process using an isomalt coating syrup containing Isomalt ST, gum arabic, a colorant, and polysorbate 60 a surfactant having an HLB of about 15. The syrup was prepared by combining the Isomalt ST, gum arabic and the surfactant with an appropriate amount of water and heated. The cores were coated using a coating machine, e.g. Driam coater. The coating was made by successive applications of the coating syrup to the cores with a drying step in between. A dry charge of isomalt powder was applied at the early stages of the process. Additionally, an application of a flavorant was made partway through the coating process. The process was monitored for Cleaning Time (minutes), Recycle Total (percent), and Recycle Agglomerates (percent). Recycle Agglomerates includes agglomerates of the cores into doubles, triples, quadruples etc. Recycle Total means the total of recycle agglomerates and other unacceptable products such as too thick, too thin pellets or twins obtained by poor cores separation at breaking step. A comparative coating process using a coating syrup free of surfactant was also conducted. The results are in Table 1. 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Surfactant 
                 Cleaning 
                 Recycle 
                 Recycle 
                   
               
               
                 Finished Coating 
                 % in syrup, 
                 Time 
                 total 
                 agglomerates 
               
               
                 (Flavor/color) 
                 dry wt 
                 (minutes) 
                 (percent) 
                 (percent) 
                 Comments 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Peppermint/blue, 
                 0% 
                 14.0 
                 8.3% 
                 8.1% 
                 0 
               
               
                 comparative 
               
               
                 Peppermint/blue 
                 Polysorbate 
                 2.0 
                 0.6% 
                 0.6% 
                 12 min of 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                   
                   
                   
                 coating time 
               
               
                   
                 0.25% 
                   
                   
                   
                 reduction vs 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 process without 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 surfactant 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0089]    As can be seen by the results in Table 1, addition of the surfactant to the isomalt coating syrup resulted in a significant reduction of pellet stickiness to coater drum and strength of agglomerate giving 1) much lower recycle levels; 2) short cleaning time; and 3) better spreading efficiency of syrup giving better quality (smooth surface even with short spreading time and high dry charge level). 
         [0090]    Additional experiments conducted with coating syrups prepared with 0.15% or 0.20% dry weight polysorbate 60, or SISTERNA Sp  70  (non-ionic surfactant that is a sucrose ester of fatty acid (stearate)) also resulted in lower recycle levels and shorter cleaning times than the comparative process conducted in the absence of a surfactant. 
       Example 2 
       [0091]    Chewing gum cores in the shape of pellets were hard coated in a pan coating process using two isomalt coating syrups. A first coating syrup contained Isomalt ST, gum arabic, titanium dioxide, and polysorbate 60. The second coating syrup contained Isomalt ST, gum arabic, a natural liquid colorant, and polysorbate 60. The syrups were prepared by combining the Isomalt ST (88.67-96.00 wt % dry), gum arabic (2.8%-4.3% wt % dry), colorant, and polysorbate 60 (0.14-0.16 wt % dry) with an appropriate amount of water and heated to a syrup concentration (Brix) of 69 ±1% and a syrup temperature of 74±2° C. The cores were coated using a coating machine, e.g. Driam coater. The coating was made by successive applications of the first coating syrup to the cores with a drying step in between each coating. A dry charge of powdered Isomalt ST was applied after the syrup application during the early portion of the coating process. An application of a flavorant was made partway through the coating process. After several phases of the first coating syrup was applied, the second coating syrup was used to form the final color hard coating with several applications of a wax. The coating process proceeded with low incidents of agglomerates. The resulting hard isomalt coated chewing gum cores exhibited good crunch and color. 
         [0092]    As used herein the terms “comprising” (also “comprises,” etc.), “having,” and “including” is inclusive (open-ended) and does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method steps. The singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. The endpoints of all ranges directed to the same characteristic or component are independently combinable, and inclusive of the recited endpoint. The term “a combination thereof” is inclusive two or more components of the list. The term “homogeneous” refers to a uniform blend of the components. 
         [0093]    While the invention has been described with reference to an exemplary embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes can be made and equivalents can be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition, many modifications can be made to adapt a particular situation or material to the teachings of the invention without departing from the essential scope thereof. Therefore, it is intended that the invention not be limited to the particular embodiment disclosed as the best mode contemplated for carrying out this invention, but that the invention will include all embodiments falling within the scope of the appended claims.