Abstract:
A high power EV fast charging station with solar energy system (EVFCS-SES) having a HV DC bus, several EVFCS-SES cells connecting in parallel and with their universal battery interfaces, and a storage battery system provides the following functions: solar energy generation; solar energy generation plus a direct storage battery charging; high power EV fast charging with either solar energy or storage battery or AC grid power. These functions enable EVFCS-SES system to charge any EV battery with solar energy in minutes, convert solar energy to AC grid power, and supply electricity to building loads at same time. In addition, it stores unused solar energy into storage battery for supplementing solar energy in cloudy days or at night. Combining EV fast charging system and solar energy generation system into one system achieves a low cost, high efficient and high power EV fast charging station with solar energy generation system. Furthermore, this system takes full advantage of solar energy and eliminates or reduces AC grid power usage effectively. As a result, it makes both EV fast charger and solar energy generation system more desirable and economical.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application 62350932 and hereby incorporates the application by reference. 
     
    
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to high power Electric Vehicle (EV) fast charger operating with solar energy system capable of charging EV battery and supplying building power, such as but not limited to EV fast charging station with solar energy system and it&#39;s method. 
       BACKGROUND 
       [0003]    At the starting of the 21st century, the awareness for electric and other alternative fuel vehicles has increased due to growing concern over the problems associate with hydrocarbon-fueled vehicles harming to the environment caused by their emissions and the sustainability of the current hydrocarbon-based transportation infrastructure, as well as the improvements in electric vehicle technology. However the shortcoming of electrical vehicles (EV) is still the limitation of driving range on their fully charged batteries and charging time. The range is usually between 60 miles to 300 miles per charge while charging time is between 2 hours to 10 hours or more, resulting in consumers rather keeping their conventional gasoline vehicles (GV) (which can be refueled anywhere within 5 to 10 minutes or less) than buying electrical vehicles. Therefore, a high power EV fast charger is the best solution for solving the feasibility of Electric Vehicle (EV). 
         [0004]    Traditional high power EV fast charger uses AC grid as power source. It converts AC grid power to DC power when charging EV battery. It suffers two major drawbacks: (1) since many charging stations are connected to an AC grid power feeder, when they operate at same time, particularly during on-peak hour, The AC grid power feeder may not have enough power supporting all EV chargers; (2) If AC grid power is produced by coal or other fossil fuel, the Mile Per Gallon Equivalent (MPGe) of EV is reduced significantly, which severely cuts the benefit of EV itself and even defeat the purpose of using EV. In order to mitigate power shortage on peak hour and environmental pollution caused by production of AC grid power, it is ideal to build solar energy based high power EV fast chargers. 
         [0005]    Currently there are two different prior art configurations of solar energy based EV fast charger: (1) It uses solar energy directly to charge EV battery (DC/DC) as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Application US 2010/0181957 A1; (2) It inverts solar energy to AC power (DC/AC) first and then converts AC power back to DC (AC/DC) charging battery as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Application US 2013/0127395 A1 and U.S. Pat. Application US 2011/0276194 A1. Both configurations suffer major deficiencies. For configuration (1), the usage of solar energy is low because the unused solar energy is wasted when no EVs are in charging process. For configuration (2), the conversion efficiency of solar energy is low due to two stage conversion (the system inverts solar power to AC grid power (DC/AC) first, and then converts AC back to DC charging EV battery (AC/DC)) and the cost of the system is very high because it has two high power converters (it employs a solar power conversion system (PCS) to convert solar power to AC power (DC/AC) and an EV fast charger to convert AC power to battery power(AC/DC)). Since high power EV fast charger itself contains major components of solar power system, it is desirable to add solar energy generation function into EV fast charger, namely, combining EV fast charger and solar energy generation into one system, and using single stage instead of two stage power conversion to obtain a low cost and high efficient solar energy based EV fast charging station (EVFCS). 
         [0006]    The object of this invention is to provide low cost and high efficient solar energy based high power EV fast charging station by combining EV fast charger and solar energy generation into one system which is capable of charging EV battery in minutes rather than in hours with solar energy and at the same time converting solar energy to AC grid power supporting building loads. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0007]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates EV Fast Charging Station with Solar Energy System (EVFCS-SES) maximizing the solar energy usage to charge EV battery in minutes and produce building electricity, the said system comprising a system architecture with a HV DC bus, multiple EVFCS-SES cells connecting in parallel, operation switches, solar energy sources, a storage battery system, an AC grid power source and five operation modes: solar energy generation mode (Mode  1 ), solar energy generation plus direct storage battery charger mode (Mode  2 ), EV battery charger using solar energy mode (Mode  3 ), EV battery charger using storage battery and AC grid power mode (Mode  4 ), and PWM rectifier battery charger mode (Mode  5 ). 
         [0008]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates an EVFCS-SES cell with a Multi-Function Power Conversion System (MFPCS), LCL filters plus isolation transformer, AC power grid, a solar energy source, an universal battery interface, and three operation mode switches, to operate as either a High Frequency (HF) isolated EV battery charger or a PWM rectifier storage battery charger or a three-phase solar power converter. 
         [0009]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates a MFPCS to provide DC/AC, AC/DC, and DC/DC power conversion hardware functions comprising a three phase IGBT module, a liquid cooled heatsink, a DC-link capacitor, a IGBT drive circuit card, a DSP interface circuit card, a Texas Instrument (TI) DSP control Card. 
         [0010]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates TI DSP control Card to provide power conversion and battery charging/discharging software functions comprising Mode  1  control library comprising three-phase grid-tied inverter control algorithms, Mode  2  control library comprising three-phase grid-tied inverter control plus direct storage battery charger control algorithms, Mode  3  control library comprising HF EV charger control and three-phase grid-tied inverter control plus optimized solar power generation control algorithms, Mode  4  control library comprising HF EV charger control and PWM rectifier control algorithms, Mode  5  control library comprising PWM rectifier battery charger control algorithms. 
         [0011]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates three-phase grid-tied inverter control algorithms to convert solar energy to AC grid power comprising Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) means to extract the maximum solar energy, DC voltage control means to regulate the output voltage of solar energy, AC current reference generation means, AC current control means, and Space Vector Modulation (SVM) means. 
         [0012]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates three-phase grid-tied inverter control plus direct storage battery control algorithms to produce AC grid power plus directly charge storage battery and three-phase grid-tied inverter control plus optimized solar power generation control algorithms to produce AC grid power plus provide enough solar power for EV battery charger, comprising MPPT means, DC voltage control means, battery charging power calculation means, inverter command generation means, AC current reference generation means, AC current control means, and SVM means. 
         [0013]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates HF EV charger control algorithms to charge EV battery with HV DC bus, comprising EV battery data base of battery voltages, currents, temperatures, State of Charge (SOC), age, chemistry, charging requirements for all EV battery systems, battery voltage and current control means, DC current control means, full bridge PWM means. 
         [0014]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates PWM rectifier control algorithms to charge EV battery with both storage battery and AC grid power, comprising Minimum Import AC Power Tracking (MIPT) means, DC voltage control means, current reference generation means, AC current control means and SVM means. 
         [0015]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates PWM rectifier battery charger control algorithms to convert AC grid power to DC power charging storage battery, comprising battery voltage and current control means, AC current reference generation means, current control means and SVM means. 
         [0016]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates operation switches which are operable to set operation modes being controlled by a controller based on an operation mode table. 
         [0017]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates a solar energy generation mode (Mode  1 ) comprising EVFCS-SES cells all configured as three phase grid-tied inverters when MFPCS connecting to solar power sources and to LCL filters plus transformer which also connecting to AC grid power source through operation switches and activation of Mode  1  control library. 
         [0018]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates a solar energy generation plus direct storage battery charging mode (Mode  2 ) comprising EVFCS-SES cells all configured as three phase grid-tied inverters plus direct storage battery chargers (storage battery connects to HV DC bus through operation switches) using their solar energy sources and activation of Mode  2  control library. 
         [0019]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates an EV battery charger using solar energy mode (Mode  3 ) comprising one EVFCS-SES cell, for example cell  1 , configured as an isolated EV battery charger when its MFPCS connecting to all solar energy sources via HV DC bus and to universal battery interface which also connecting to EV battery through operation switches, the rest of EVFCS-SES cells configured as three phase grid-tied inverters and activation of Mode  3  control library. 
         [0020]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates a EV battery charger using storage battery and AC grid power mode (Mode  4 ) comprising one EVFCS-SES cell, for example cell  1 , configured as an isolated EV battery charger when its MFPCS connecting to HV DC bus which further connecting to storage battery, another EVFCS-SES cell, for example cell  2 , configured as a PWM rectifier to maintain HV DC bus voltages through operation switches and activation of Mode  4  control library. 
         [0021]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates a PWM rectifier battery charger mode (Mode  5 ) comprising one EVFCS-SES cell, for example cell  1 , configured as a PWM rectifier battery charger when its MFPCS connecting to HV DC bus which further connecting to storage battery through operation switches and activation of Mode  5  control library. 
         [0022]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates an universal battery interface to provide the battery interface with EV battery system of any voltage range comprising two identical re-configurable HF transformers, transformer re-configuration switches, diode rectifier circuit, and output L-C filter circuit. 
         [0023]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates two re-configurable HF transformers to provide galvanic isolation and universal battery voltage arrangement, comprising one primary winding and two separated secondary windings with turns ratio of n, primary windings connected in parallel while the secondary windings operated in combination of series and/or parallel connections so that the effective transformer turns ratio is rescaled to match EV battery voltage range. 
         [0024]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates transformer re-configuration switches connecting transformers secondary windings in series and /or parallel being controlled by a controller based on transformer re-configuration control table. 
         [0025]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates an optimized solar energy method to maximize solar energy and minimize AC grid power usage during on-peak hour period comprising minimum grid power import (MGPI) means through charge/discharge storage battery. 
         [0026]    One non-limiting aspect of the present invention contemplates an EV fast charging station with solar energy generation along with the method of maximizing solar energy usage for EV battery charger and building loads by means of storage battery and unique system configurations of an EVFCS-SES system comprising Mode  1  operating EVFCS-SES as solar energy generation system, Mode  2  operating EVFCS-SES as solar energy generation plus direct storage battery charger, Mode  3  operating EVFCS-SES as solar energy EV fast charger, Mode  4  operating EVFCS-SES as EV battery charger with storage battery and AC gird power, Mode  5  operating EVFCS-SES as PWM rectifier battery charger, and a method for optimizing solar energy usage during on-peak hour period by utilizing solar energy as much as possible to charge EV battery, store unused solar energy into storage battery, and power building loads when EV charger is unused and storage battery is full. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0027]    The present invention is pointed out with particularity in the appended claims. However, other features of the present invention will become more apparent and present invention will be best understood by referring to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompany drawings in which: 
           [0028]      FIG. 1  illustrates the functional block diagram of an EV Fast Charging Station/Solar Energy System (EVFCS-SES) architecture incorporating a HV DC bus, multiple EVFCS-SES cells connecting in parallel and a storage battery system as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0029]      FIG. 2  schematically illustrates a Multi-Function Power Conversion System (MFPCS) as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0030]      FIG. 3  illustrates an operation mode switch control table as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0031]      FIG. 4  illustrates the functional block diagram of solar energy generation mode (Mode  1 ) and its control library as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0032]      FIG. 5  illustrates the functional block diagram of solar energy generation plus direct storage battery charger mode (Mode  2 ) and its control library as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0033]      FIG. 6 a    illustrates the functional block diagram of EV battery charger using solar energy mode (Mode  3 ) as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0034]      FIG. 6 b    illustrates the block diagram of control library for EV battery charger using solar energy as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0035]      FIG. 7  illustrates the functional block diagram of EV battery charger using storage battery and AC grid power mode (Mode  4 ) and its control library as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0036]      FIG. 8  illustrates the functional block diagram of PWM rectifier battery charger mode (Mode  5 ) and its control library as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0037]      FIGS. 9 a  and 9 b    illustrate the detailed schematic circuit diagram of EVFCS-SES system as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0038]      FIG. 10  illustrates High Frequency transformer re-configuration control table as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
           [0039]      FIG. 11  illustrates the structure and mechanism of optimized solar energy software environment as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0040]    As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; However, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention. 
         [0041]    The EV Fast Charging Station/Solar Energy System (EVFCS-SES)  10  as illustrated in  FIG. 1  comprising a HV DC bus  12 , a number of parallel connected EVFCS-SES cells (cell- 1   14 , cell- 2   90 , and cell-n  92 ) and a storage battery system  16 , may provide the following functions: (1) Converting solar power to AC grid power; (2) Charging EV battery with either solar power or storage battery power or AC grid power. 
         [0042]    The EVFCS-SES cell  14  comprising a MFPCS  18 , a solar energy source  20 , LCL filters plus isolation transformer  22 , AC grid power  24 , operation mode switches SW 11   26 , SW 12   28 , SW 13   30 , an universal battery interface  32  and a EV battery  34 , may be configured as either a solar energy generation system which operates with solar power source  20 , MFPCS  18 , SW 12   28 , LCL filters plus isolation transformer  22  and AC grid power  24 ; or a High Frequency (HF) transformer isolated Full Bridge(FB) DC/DC battery charger which operates with solar power source  20 , MFPCS  18 , SW 11   26 , universal battery interface  32  and a EV battery  34 ; or a PWM rectifier which operates with MFPCS  18 , SW 12   28 , SW 13   30 , LCL filters plus isolation transformer  22 , AC grid power  24  and HV DC bus  12 . 
         [0043]    The HV DC bus  12  supported either by AC grid power  24  when EVFCS-SES cell  14  is operated as PWM rectifier or by solar power source  20  when switch SW 13   30  is closed or by storage battery  16  when SWs  36  is closed, may be used as energy buffer to support different system operation modes. 
         [0044]      FIG. 2  schematically illustrates MFPCS  18  having an IGBT module  40  mounted on a liquid cooled heatsink  42  and connected to DC-link capacitor  44  as contemplated by one non-limiting aspect of the present invention. The MFPCS  18  is shown for exemplary and non-limiting purpose being as a power electronic converter to facilitate AC/DC, DC/AC, DC/DC conversions utilized in EVFCS-SES cell  14  ( FIG. 1 ). 
         [0045]    An AC current sensing system  46  and DC current sensing system  48  may be included to sense currents to LCL filter plus isolation transformer  22  ( FIG. 1 ) in solar energy generator/PWM rectifier, or to HF transformer primaries in universal battery interface  32  ( FIG. 1 ) and to DC-link capacitor  44  such as to facilitate control of AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC power conversion processes. The DSP interface card  52  may condition and filter feedback currents from current sensors  46 ,  48  and other sensing devices within the system, and provide the conditioned feedback signals to TI DSP control card  54  for further processing. TI DSP control card  54  with Mode  1  control library  56 , Mode  2  control library  58 , Mode  3  control library  60 , Mode  4  control library  62 , and Mode  5  control library  64  may cooperate with DSP interface card  52  and IGBT drive card  50  to control IGBT module  40  such that opening and closing of switches  72 ,  74 ,  76 ,  78 ,  80 ,  82  can be coordinated to produce desired voltage/current waveform patterns for AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC power conversions. 
         [0046]      FIG. 3  illustrates operation mode switch control table  84  used by a controller to select operation mode of EVFCS-SES system. When SWs=0, SW 11 =0, SW 12 =1, SW 13 =0, SW 21 =0, SW 22 =1, SW 23 =0, SWn 1 =0, SWn 2 =1, SWn 3 =0,EVFCS-SES system is operated in solar power generation mode (Mode  1 ); When SWs=1, SW 11 =0, SW 12 =1, SW 13 =1, SW 21 =0, SW 22 =1, SW 23 =1,SWn 1 =0, SWn 2 =1, SWn 3 = 1 , EVFCS-SES system is operated in solar energy generation plus direct storage battery charger mode (Mode  2 ); When SWs=0, SW 11 =1, SW 12 =0, SW 13 =1, SW 21 =0, SW 22 =1, SW 23 =1, SWn 1 =0, SWn 2 =1, SWn 3 =1, EVFCS-SES system is operated in EV battery charger using solar energy mode (Mode  3 ); When SWs=1, sW 11 =1, SW 12 =0, SW 13 =1, SW 21 =0, SW 22 =1,SW 23 =1 . . . SWn 1 =0 SWn 2 =0, SWn 3 =0, EVFCS-SES system is operated in EV battery charger using storage battery and AC grid power mode (Mode  4 ); When SWs=1, SW 11 =0, SW 12 =1, SW 13 =1, SW 21 =0, SW 22 =0, SW 23 =0 SWn 1 =0 SWn 2 =0, SWn 3 =0, EVFCS-SES system is operated in PWM rectifier battery charger mode (Mode  5 ). 
         [0047]      FIG. 4  illustrates functional block diagram of EVFCS-SES system  10  operated in Mode  1  configuration when solar power is present, EV battery is not present, and storage battery is full. In EVFCS-SES system  10 , each EVFCS-SES cells  14 ,  92  has same connection patterns. For example, EVFCS-SES cell  14  having MFPCS  18  connecting to solar power  20  and through switch SW 12   28  to LCL filters plus isolation transformer  22  which further connecting to AC grid power  24 , is configured as three-phase grid-tied inverter converting solar power to AC gird power. In Mode  1  control library which comprises three-phase grid-tied inverter control algorithm  100 , the Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)  102  extracts the maximum solar power by producing a dynamic voltage reference to DC voltage control  104  which regulates solar power output voltage by generating an inverter power command for AC current reference generation  106 . The reference generation  106  produces current reference for AC current control  108  which regulates AC current by commanding SVM  110  to generate PWM signals controlling IGBT  112  to convert solar energy to AC grid power. 
         [0048]      FIG. 5  illustrates functional block diagram of EVFCS-SES system  10  operated in Mode  2  configuration when solar power is present, EV battery is not present, and storage battery is not full. In system  10 , EVFCS-SES cells  14 ,  92  are configured as three-phase grid-tied inverter with connections to HV DC bus  12  when switches SW 13   30  and SWn 3   98  are closed and to storage battery  16  when switch SWs  36  is closed so that part of energy from solar cells  20 ,  38  is used to directly charge storage battery  16  and the rest is converted to AC grid power. Mode  2  control library comprises three-phase grid-tied inverter control plus direct storage battery charger control algorithms  218  used for EVFCS-SES cells  14 ,  92 . In control algorithm  218 , MPPT  118  extracts the maximum solar power by producing dynamic voltage reference to DC voltage control  120 . DC voltage control  120  regulates DC voltage by generating solar power command  122 . It is then subtracted from required storage battery charging power  124  calculated by block  224  based on storage battery charging current reference I BR    220  and storage battery voltage V B    222  to get inverter power command  126 . Inverter power command  126  is fed to AC current reference generation  128  to create current reference for AC current control  130  which regulates AC current by commanding SVM  132  to generate PWM signals controlling IGBT  134  to provide storage battery charging power through HV bus  12  with part of solar energy  20 ,  38  and convert the rest to AC grid power. 
         [0049]      FIG. 6 a    illustrates functional block diagram of EVFCS-SES system  10  operated in Mode  3  configuration when solar power and EV battery are present. In system  10 , EVFCS-SES cell  14  is configured as HF transformer isolated FB DC/DC converter with connection to HV DC bus  12  when switch SW 13   30  is closed and EVFCS-SES cells  90 ,  92  are configured as three-phase grid-tied inverters with connections to HV DC bus  12  when switches SW 23   94 , SWn 3   98  are closed. When solar cell  20  has enough energy, EVFCS-SES cell  14  charges EV battery  34  with its energy and EVFCS-SES cells  90 ,  92  convert their solar energy  96 ,  38  to AC grid power. When solar cell  20  does not have enough energy, EVFCS-SES cell  14  charges EV battery  34  with the energy from solar cells  20 ,  96 ,  38  and EVFCS-SES cells  90 ,  92  convert rest energy from their solar cells  96 ,  38  to AC grid power. 
         [0050]    Mode  3  control block diagram  168  in  FIG. 6 b    comprises control algorithms  172 ,  174 . The FB DC/DC converter based EV battery charging control  172  is used for EVSCS-SES cell  14  ( FIG. 6 a   ). Control algorithms  172  incorporates EV battery data base  140  providing battery voltage reference and battery current reference to battery voltage control  142  and battery current control  144  based on the battery information including but not limiting to EV model number and manufacturer, chemistry, voltage/current range, State of Charge (SOC), temperature and charging requirements. While battery voltage is regulated by battery voltage control  142  in constant voltage mode, the battery current is regulated by battery current control  144  in constant current mode. Using the output of either voltage control  142  or current control  144 , DC current control current  146  regulates DC current by commanding FB PWM  216  to generate PWM signals controlling IGBT  170  to produce AC voltage pulse trains for universal battery interface  32  which produces optimal charging voltage and current for EV battery  34 . Control algorithms  172  including a communication interface  272  which establishes an immediate communication between EV fast charging station and EV when they are connected, may automatically reconfigure hardware and select battery charging control algorithms before battery charging process begins. 
         [0051]    The three-phase grid-tied inverter control plus optimized solar power generation control algorithms  174  is used for EVFCS-SES cells  90 ,  92  ( FIG. 6 a   ). In control algorithm  174 , MPPT  102  extracts the maximum solar power by producing dynamic voltage reference to DC voltage control  104 . DC voltage control  104  regulates DC voltage by generating solar power command  180 . It is then subtracted from required EV battery charging power  182  calculated by block  184  based on EV battery charging current reference I BR    186  and EV battery voltage V B    188  to get inverter power command  190 . Inverter power command  190  is fed to AC current reference generation  106  to create current reference for AC current control  108  which regulates AC current by commanding SVM  110  to generate PWM signals controlling IGBT  112  to provide EV battery charging power through HV bus  12  ( FIG. 6 a   ) with part of solar energy  96 ,  38  ( FIG. 6 a   ) and convert the rest to AC grid power. 
         [0052]      FIG. 7  illustrates functional block diagram of EVFCS-SES system  10  operated in Mode  4  configuration when solar power is not present and EV battery is present. In system  10 , EVFCS-SES cell  14  is configured as HF transformer isolated FB DC/DC converter connecting to HV DC bus  12  with switch SW 13   30  closed to charge EV battery  34  with HV DC bus  12 ; EVFCS-SES cell  90  is configured as a PWM rectifier connecting to HV DC bus  12  with switch SW 23   150  closed to support HV DC bus  12 ; storage battery  16  supports HV DC bus  12  with switch SWs  36  closed. Mode  4  control library comprises HF EV charger control algorithms  172  used for EVFCS-SES cell  14  and PWM rectifier control algorithm  308  used for EVFCS-SES cell  90 . Control algorithm  172  is the same as that of Mode  3 . In control algorithm  308 , using information of EV battery charging power and storage battery discharging power, MIPT  310  import minimum AC grid power by providing a dynamic voltage reference to DC control  104  which regulates HV DC bus  12  by generating inverter power command for AC current reference generation  106 . Reference generation  106  produces current reference for current control  108  which regulates AC current by commanding SVM  110  to generate PWM signals controlling IGBT  112  to import minimum AC grid power supporting EV battery  34  charging process. 
         [0053]      FIG. 8  illustrates functional block diagram of EVFCS-SES system  10  operated in Mode  5  configuration when solar power is not present and storage battery charging is needed. In system  10 , EVFCS-SES cell  14  is configured as PWM rectifier based battery charger connecting to HV DC bus  12  with switch SW 13   30  closed to charge storage battery  16  which is also connected to HV DC bus  12  with switch SWs  36  closed. Mode  5  control library comprises PWM rectifier battery charger control algorithms  238 . In battery charger control  238 , while battery voltage is regulated by battery voltage control  240  in constant voltage mode, battery current is regulated by battery current control  242  in constant current mode. Using the output of either voltage control  240  or current control  242 , AC current reference generation  106  produces current reference for AC current control  108  which regulates AC current by commanding SVM  110  to generate PWM signals controlling IGBT  112  to charge storage battery  16 . 
         [0054]      FIGS. 9 a  and 9 b    illustrate the detailed schematic circuit diagram of EVFCS-SES cell- 1   14  and cell-n  92  in system  10 . IGBT based MFPCS  18  is used for AC/DC, DC/AC and DC/DC power conversions. LCL filter  326  is used to interface MFPCS  18  with AC grid power  24 . Isolation transformer  330  provides the galvanic isolation and voltage matching between MFPCS  18  and AC grid power  24 . Operation mode switches SW 11   26 , SW 12   28 , SW 13   30  configure system  10  in either Mode  1  or Mode  2  or Mode  3  or Mode  4  or Mode  5  operations. 
         [0055]    Universal battery interface system  32  in  FIG. 9 a    having two identical HF transformers  334  with one primary winding and two separated secondary windings, a set of transformer re-configuration On-Off switches CT 1   336 , CT 2   338 , CT 3   340 , CT 4   342 , CT 5   344 , CT 6   346 , CT 7   348 , CT 8   350 , CT 9   352  connecting those secondary windings to a diode rectifier circuit  354  converting AC voltage pulse trains to DC ones, and an output L-C filter  356  eliminating HF switching harmonic components, may be re-configured automatically such that it interfaces with EV battery  34  with any voltage ranges. 
         [0056]    The output voltage of universal battery interface  32  in  FIG. 9 a    is determined by transformer turns ratio n, connections of transformer primary windings and secondary windings and PWM control of MFPCS  18 . Two HF transformers with turns ratio n are configured in such way that primary windings are connected in parallel while the secondary windings are operated in combination of series and /or parallel with opening and closing of switches CT 1   336 , CT 2   338 , CT 3   340 , CT 4   342 , CT 5   344 , CT 6   346 , CT 7   348 , CT 8   350 , CT 9   352  under DSP control, to match voltage level with EV battery  34 . 
         [0057]      FIG. 10  illustrates transformer re-configuration control table  366  used by a controller to achieve optimal voltage level for solar power/HV DC bus voltage range of 300V-500V and transformer turns ratio of 1.5. When CT 1 = 0 , CT 2 = 1 , CT 3 = 1 , CT 4 = 0 , CT 5 = 1 , CT 6 = 1 , CT 7 = 0 , CT 8 = 1 , CT 9 = 1 , the EV fast charging station operates in battery voltage range of 150V-210V. When CT 1 = 1 , CT 2 = 0 , CT 3 = 0 , CT 4 = 0 , CT 5 = 1 , CT 6 = 1 , CT 7 = 1 , CT 8 = 0 , CT 9 = 0 , the EV fast charging station operates in battery voltage range of 300v- 420v. When CT 1 = 1 , CT 2 = 0 , CT 3 = 0 , CT 4 = 1 , CT 5 = 0 , CT 6 = 0 , CT 7 = 1 , CT 8 = 0 , CT 9 = 0 , the EV super charging station operates in battery voltage range of 600V-840V. 
         [0058]      FIG. 11  illustrates the structure and mechanism of optimized solar energy software environment  368  used in EVFCS-SES system. The optimized solar energy software  376  inside of MFPCS  18  determines the system operation modes based on internal datas from MFPCS, the weather condition information from internet weather channel  370 , and peak hour electricity rate from the data base  372 . 
         [0059]    While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the invention, rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without depart from the sprit and scope of the invention. Additionally, the features of various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the invention.