Abstract:
In order to produce a slab track for rail vehicles with an emergency pathway ( 12 ) for road vehicles, a prefabricated track section with rails ( 8 ) and sleepers ( 5 ) is supported and positioned on a substructure ( 1 ) by means of a supporting and aligning device ( 4 ). Subsequently, a track slab ( 10 ) is produced by casting in the sleepers ( 5 ). The part of the sleepers ( 5 ) that projects from the track slab ( 10 ) and the rails ( 8 ) are separated by formwork elements, and an emergency pathway ( 12 ) is applied to the track slab ( 10 ) by casting.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     The present application is a 35 U.S.C. §371 National Phase conversion of PCT/EP2011/074024, filed Dec. 23, 2011, which claims benefit of European Application No. 10197028.3, filed Dec. 27, 2010, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. The PCT International Application was published in the German language. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a method for producing a slab track for rail vehicles with an emergency pathway for road vehicles wherein a prefabricated track section with rails and sleepers is supported and positioned on a substructure by means of a supporting and aligning device and a track slab is produced by casting in the sleepers. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Slab tracks for rail vehicles are known in the art and are preferentially used in tunnels. To ensure quick rescue in the event of accidents and disturbances, such tracks are provided, particularly in tunnels, with emergency pathways that are drivable for road vehicles and of course also walkable for pedestrians. A requirement with regard to the latter is that tripping points are eliminated as far as possible. 
     Known emergency pathways consist of prefabricated plates, e.g. of concrete, resting on a track slab of filling concrete in which the sleeper blocks are embedded. In the case of tracks with elastically supported, vertically movable sleeper blocks, an additional requirement is that the plates of the emergency pathway do not hinder the mobility of the sleeper blocks. An advantage of such emergency pathways is that the dimensions and the weight of the prefabricated plates can be designed such that the plates can be transported and laid by conventional means. However, a disadvantage is that the dimensions of the plates have to be adapted to the gauge, the sleeper block dimensions, the sleeper block spacing, and the slope of the filling concrete track slab. A slope is required to drain water. All these variable parameters make it uneconomical to keep a stock of prefabricated plates. A further disadvantage of emergency pathways of this kind is that the plates often do not rest stably on the filling concrete track slab so passing vehicles cause a tilting movement and the plates are thus subject to high local wear. 
     On the background of this prior art, it is the object of the invention to provide a method for producing a slab track for rail vehicles with an emergency pathway for road vehicles that is simple and cost-efficient to implement and that results in a slab track provided with a positionally stable emergency pathway having a high load capacity. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the part of the sleepers that projects from the track slab and the rails are separated by formwork elements and an emergency pathway is applied to the track slab by casting. 
     In particular, this method offers the advantage that the emergency pathway precisely fits onto the track slab and rests thereon stably. Furthermore, the need for prefabricating and more particularly keeping a stock of plates for the emergency pathway is eliminated. 
     According to one embodiment of the method, the formwork elements are attached before the track slab is cast. This modus operandi offers the advantage that it is not necessary to step on the track slab to attach the formwork elements after casting the track slab and that the emergency pathway may possibly be applied before the track slab has completely hardened. 
     According to a further embodiment of the method, the supporting and aligning device is removed before the emergency pathway is cast. This has the advantage that no parts or traces of the supporting and aligning device remain in the emergency pathway. 
     The invention also relates to a slab track produced according to the method of the invention. 
     In one embodiment of the slab track, a drainpipe is arranged in the substructure and communicates with the surface of the substructure via connecting openings provided in the substructure at certain intervals. A substructure prepared in this manner eliminates the need for the subsequent installation of a drainage system. 
     According to a further embodiment, the track slab is provided with connecting openings which communicate with the connecting openings provided in the substructure. It is very simple to provide the track slab with such connecting openings, e.g. by inserting formed parts before the track slab is cast. 
     According to another embodiment, the emergency pathway is divided by joints extending substantially transversely to the rails. These joints absorb expansions and contractions of the emergency pathway. Furthermore, this allows an easy stepwise manufacture of the emergency pathway in accordance with the length of the prefabricated track sections. 
     According to a further embodiment, the emergency pathway is provided with drainage shafts which communicate with the connecting openings of the track slab. These drainage shafts are preferably arranged in the area of the joints and ensure the drainage of water from the emergency pathway. 
     If according to another embodiment the surface of the emergency pathway is provided with drainage channels, the drainage of the emergency pathway is further improved. 
     According to a further embodiment, the sleepers have a heightened shoulder on at least one side of the rail whose surface is at least approximately flush with the surface of the emergency pathway. In this manner, gaps in the emergency pathway that might otherwise remain after removing the formwork elements are largely closed. 
     The invention further relates to formwork elements for implementing the method of the invention. The main object of these elements is to allow a quick setup and removal. 
     According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the formwork elements consist of hoods that are intended to be fitted over parts of the sleepers and of plates connecting adjacent hoods. These hoods and plates are quickly mountable and dismountable and are furthermore reusable. 
     According to one embodiment of the formwork elements, the plates are removably connectable to the hoods. This measure also facilitates the mounting and dismounting of the formwork elements. 
     According to a further embodiment of the formwork elements, the plates are connectable to the hoods such that the spacing between adjacent hoods is variable. This eliminates the need for providing plates of different lengths in accordance with different sleeper spacings. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Exemplary embodiments of the invention will be described in more detail hereinafter by way of examples with reference to the appended drawings. 
         FIGS. 1 to 6  show six steps of an embodiment of the method according to the invention in respective sectioned views taken transversely to the travel direction, 
         FIG. 7  is a perspective view of a pair of formwork hoods, 
         FIG. 8  is a perspective view of a rail section with fitted and interconnected formwork hoods, and 
         FIG. 9  is a perspective view of a section of a slab track according to the invention. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     In  FIG. 1 , the initial situation in an embodiment of the method according to the invention is illustrated by way of example. A track section comprising a plurality of sleeper blocks  5  and of rails  8  mounted thereon is supported and aligned on a substructure  1 , e.g. of reinforced concrete, by means of a supporting and aligning device  4 . In the substructure extends a drainpipe  2  that communicates with the upper side of substructure  1  via connecting openings  3  arranged at certain intervals. In order to damp vibrations produced later when vehicles are passing on the track, a respective rubber shoe  6  in which an elastic inlay  7  is arranged is fitted over the bottom of each sleeper block  5 . As appears in the Figure, sleeper blocks  5  are provided on both sides of rail  8  with upwardly projecting shoulders  24  whose upper surfaces are walkable or drivable for road vehicles later in the finished track. The invention is not limited to a track including sleeper blocks  5  of this kind, however. 
     In the illustration according to  FIG. 2 , a respective formwork hood  9  is fitted over each sleeper block  5  whose purpose it is to prevent the access of concrete to sleeper blocks  5  and rails  8  during the subsequent casting of an emergency pathway  12  ( FIG. 5 ). As a further measure before casting track slab  10 , the placement of formwork elements may possibly be required in the area of the lateral edges of the substructure. These formwork elements may consist of known formwork panels and are not shown in the Figures. 
       FIG. 3  shows the situation after the casting of track slab  10 , which may e.g. consist of non-reinforced concrete. Basically, formwork hoods  9  might be fitted after the casting of track slab  10  also. However, fitting them beforehand, as shown in the Figures, offers the advantage that it is not necessary to step onto track slab  10  to fit formwork hoods  9 . Track slab  10  has connecting openings  11  for drainage that are arranged at certain intervals and aligned with connecting openings  3  mentioned with reference to  FIG. 1 . Connecting openings  11  can be obtained in a known manner by inserting corresponding parts. 
       FIG. 4  only differs from  FIG. 3  in that the supporting and aligning device  4  has been removed in the stage according to  FIG. 4 . Starting from the situation depicted in  FIG. 4 , an emergency pathway  12  can now be cast as illustrated in  FIG. 5 . Non-reinforced concrete may be used for emergency pathway  12  also. 
       FIG. 6  shows the condition of the track after the removal of the formwork hoods. Transversely to the track, emergency pathway  10  is divided into blocks, and a joint is arranged between two respective emergency pathway blocks, as will become clearer below in the description of  FIG. 9 . Drainage shafts  23  are arranged between two respective emergency pathway blocks and aligned with underlying connecting openings  11 . 
     Furthermore it is clearly visible in  FIG. 6  that shoulders  24  of sleeper blocks  5  are flush with surface  25  of emergency pathway  12 . In this manner, gaps as they would remain in emergency pathway  12  in the case of conventional sleeper blocks without heightened shoulders after removing the formwork hoods are closed by shoulders  24  to such an extent that a risk of accidents is largely eliminated. 
       FIG. 7  shows a pair of formwork hoods  9  in a perspective view. Each formwork hood  9  has two side walls  13 ,  15 , a rear wall  14 , and a top wall  16  and is open on the side that is to face rail  8 . On both side walls  13 ,  15 , connecting parts  17  with bolts  18  are arranged that are intended for fastening a connecting plate  19  ( FIG. 8 ). Formwork hoods  9  may consist of sheet metal, synthetic material, wood, or another suitable material. To allow formwork hoods  9  to be removed by lifting them off after the concrete of emergency pathway  12  has hardened, they have a slightly conical shape. This means that side walls  13 ,  15  and rear wall  14  are inclined about 3 degrees relative to the vertical so that the formwork hood tapers from the top to the bottom. 
       FIG. 8  shows a section of a rail  8  with three sleeper blocks  5  covered with formwork hoods  9 . Also clearly visible in this Figure are connecting plates  19  each connecting two respective formwork hoods  9 . To fasten connecting plates  19  to connecting parts  17  of formwork hoods  9 , connecting plates  19  are provided with openings  20  in which bolts  18  provided on connecting parts  17  engage. Connecting plates  19  serve the purpose of preventing that the concrete of emergency pathway  12  from reaching rail  8  while it is still flowable. With regard to connecting plates  19 , different embodiments of formwork hoods  9  may be contemplated. Thus, instead of connecting parts  17 , grooves may be provided in side walls  13 ,  15  of formwork hoods  9 , in which connecting plates  19  can be inserted. Also, two short connecting parts may form an elongated gap between them that has the same function as a groove. Alternatively, connecting plates  19  may be permanently connected to respective formwork hoods  9  and extend to the adjacent formwork hoods  9 . 
       FIG. 9  shows a perspective view of a track section. From bottom to top, substructure  1 , track slab  10 , and emergency pathway  12  are visible. It is also clearly visible that a clearance is left between emergency pathway  12  and sleeper blocks  5  and rails  8 . Shoulders  24  of sleeper blocks  5  are substantially flush with the surface of emergency pathway  12  so that no major openings remain in the emergency pathway in these locations that might result in a risk of accidents particularly for pedestrians. Between two respective sections of the emergency pathway there is a joint  21 , and a drainage channel  22  extends centrally between rails  8  in parallel to the latter. Between two respective sections of emergency pathway  12 , a vertical drainage shaft  23  is formed into which drainage channel  22  opens. Drainage shaft  23  is connected to drainpipe  2  by connecting openings  3  and  11  (see e.g.  FIG. 6 ). 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  substructure 
           2  drainpipe 
           3  connecting opening 
           4  supporting and aligning device 
           5  sleeper block 
           6  rubber shoe 
           7  inlay 
           8  rail 
           9  formwork hood 
           10  track slab 
           11  connecting opening 
           12  emergency pathway 
           13  side wall 
           14  rear wall 
           15  side wall 
           16  top wall 
           17  connecting part 
           18  bolt 
           19  connecting plate 
           20  opening 
           21  joint 
           22  drainage channel 
           23  drainage shaft 
           24  shoulders of  5   
           25  surface of  12