Abstract:
The present invention relates to an ejector device for vacuum drying having at least first and second passages for connecting a first chamber with a second chamber, wherein the chambers are arranged substantially at right angles with respect to each other, and the ejector is adapted to vacuum dry the inside of the second chamber by means of high speed air flow toward the first chamber. The flow toward the first chamber preferably travels through the second passage from the first passage, on the side opposite the first chamber, to induce a negative pressure in the first passage. This way, the change in kinetic energy draws the stagnant air and steam existing in the second chamber into the inside of the first chamber.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to an ejector device for vacuum drying, and particularly to an ejector device to cause negative pressure by high-speed air jet for rapid drying of the environmental space under vacuum. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     There are many places requiring indoor drying operation. Particularly, however, the sterilizing devices used for sterilizing and disinfecting medical articles in hospitals or the like require drying process as an indispensable essential element, because in the case of failure in drying operation, the steam or moisture produced in the process of high pressure sterilization in the sterilizing device is entrained to sterilized articles, constituting a cause for propagation of other bacteria or infection when used as such. 
     Accordingly, conventional large-scale autoclaves are generally equipped with vacuum pumps for drying operation. The main reason for using vacuum pumps is to reduce the pressure dominant in the sterilizing chambers incorporated for sterilizing medical articles or the like. There are two reasons of generating a vacuum state by decreasing the pressure in a sterilizing chamber. The total vacuum process is composed of the pre-vacuum and post-vacuum processes. In the pre-vacuum process, the air or air layer in the chamber space is expelled out as the generated steam rises to penetrate and displace the air, as the air layer, a heat insulating layer, would otherwise inhibit the conductive heat transfer to thereby disfavor the sterilizing operation. In the subsequent post-vacuum process, the dry or superheated steam vapor originating from the moisture or water in the chamber can be discharged, as the temperature in the chamber is above the vaporization point or condensation point, which is low at this reduced prevailing pressure, so that a complete moisture removal or drying in the chamber can be realized. This is possible because the steam is continuously removed from the chamber by the vacuum pump. 
     In practice, however, most of vertical type autoclaves or the so-called top-table autoclaves are not provided with vacuum pumps, in contrast to the large scale autoclaves. The reason for this is that sterilizing devices become heavy for their size and the vacuum pumps should be further equipped with accessories like water supplying pipes and water draining pipes and moreover the pumps generate severe vibration and noise. 
     However, the top-table autoclaves have the advantage that they are more easily movable compared to the large-scale autoclave described above and can be put to use at any places where the electricity is available. Nevertheless, as the relevant vacuum pumps operate based on the suction of steam, the water is need. Thus, the installation of water supplying and draining pipes is essential, restricting free movement, so that the advantage of the top-table autoclaves mentioned above is cancelled out. Thus, sterilization of a top-table autoclave without a vacuum pump is conducted based on gravity mode, and thus there is caused the problem that drying should be performed during the drying process, with the door of the sterilizing chamber open. 
     The opening of the doors of sterilizing chambers during drying process is associated with the risk of bacteria or the like penetrating the inside of the sterilizing chambers to reduce the sterilization effect and furthermore to cause the users the inconvenience of opening and closing the door every individually. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     Therefore, the object of the present invention is to provide an ejector device for vacuum drying, resolving the above-described drawbacks, which can generate a negative pressure by means of a high-speed air jet stream to evacuate the near-by space, so that the moisture of the wet articles positioned in that space may be rapidly vaporized under the surrounding reduced pressure to bring the articles to a complete dryness. 
     The above object is achieved according to an aspect of the invention by an ejector device for vacuum drying, comprising an ejector with at least a first and second passages for connecting the first and second chambers in mutual communication, the first and second chambers being arranged at the right angle to each other, wherein the ejector is adapted for vacuum-drying the inside of the second chamber by ejecting high-speed air toward the first chamber via the second passage from the first passage&#39;s side opposite to the first chamber to induce a negative pressure in the first passage due to the change in kinetic energy so as to draw the stagnant air and steam existing in the second chamber into the inside of the first chamber. 
     Preferably, the vacuum drying ejector comprises a body formed, at the one ends of the first and second passages, with the first and second connecting sections for water-tight connection with the first and second chambers, the first and second passages being perpendicular to each other, and an air jet nozzle detachably connected to said body through screwing at the first passage&#39;s end opposite to the first chamber, provided with the third passage for connection with an air pump, and provided with an air jet hole or channel to be in communication with the first and second passages, said air jet nozzle forming a gap between its front outer circumference and the wall of the first passage along the area beyond the position of the second passage. 
     Further, said air jet hole or channel is preferably formed tapered toward the front end of the air jet nozzle to result in the form of a cone frustum. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 shows roughly the disposition of the ejector device for vacuum drying according to the present invention, 
     FIG. 2 shows the enlarged view of the ejector for vacuum drying singly taken out from FIG. 1, 
     FIG. 3 shows the enlarged cross section along the line I—I in FIG. 2, and 
     FIG. 4 shows the perspective view of the inside of an autoclave equipped with an air ejector device for vacuum drying according to the invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     A preferred embodiment of the invention will be descried in detail below by referring to the accompanying drawings. 
     FIG. 1 shows roughly the disposition of a vacuum drying ejector apparatus according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. 
     As shown in the drawing, the ejector device  100  according to the invention is disposed in communication with a first chamber  10  and second chamber  20 , wherein these chambers are located perpendicular to each other. An air compressor  30  positioned opposite to the first chamber  10  supplies a high-speed air jet toward the first chamber  10  to produce a negative pressure in the ejector device  100  through the increase in kinetic energy or velocity head of air stream, so that the air, vapor and the like remaining in the second chamber  20  can be drawn in the inside of the first chamber  10 , with the result that drying is favorably accomplished in the second chamber  20  under the vacuum atmosphere. In the evacuating operation by using the ejector  100 , the first chamber  10  is left open to the atmosphere, while the second chamber  20  is kept in closed state. The construction of the ejector device  100  according to the invention is described in detail by referring to FIG.  2 . 
     FIG. 2 shows the enlarged cross section of the vacuum drying ejector shown in FIG.  1 . 
     As shown in the drawing, the ejector  100  according to the invention comprises an ejector body  110  of metal to stand a severe condition like high pressure and an air nozzle  130 . 
     Passages  112  and  114  are continuously formed substantially perpendicular to each other in the ejector body  110  to connect the first and second chambers  10  and  20 . The first passage  112  extends longitudinally along and over the full length of the ejector body  110 , while the second passage  114  positioned at one end of the ejector body  110  or on the side opposite to the first chamber  10  extends at the right angle to the first passage  112  to communicate with the latter. Accordingly, the first and second chambers  10  and  20  are in fluidic communication through the first and second passages  112  and  114 . At the end openings of the first and second passages  112  and  114 , there are provided a first and second screwed connections  116  and  118  for air-tight connection with the first and second chambers  10  and  20 . To the first and second screwed connections  116  and  118 , the connections (not shown) formed on the extended pipes at the first and second chambers  10  and  20  are connected air-tight, instead of directly joining to the first and second chambers  10  and  20 , for the purpose of convenience. 
     The air jet nozzle  130  which is disposed detachably through thread  134  inside the first passage  112  on the opposite side of the first chamber  10  ejects the high-pressure air produced from the air pump  30  through the first passage  112  of the main body  110 . As the air jet nozzle  130  is formed with a jet hole  132  throughout the full extension of nozzle  130  to be in communication with the first passage  112 , the high-pressure air from the air pump  30  can be jetted into the first passage  112 . Particularly, the air jet nozzle  130  is arranged in the main body  110  to connect the air jet hole  132  of the air jet nozzle  130  with the second passage  114 , in such a manner that the air jet nozzle  130  is disposed in avoidance of blocking the second passage  114  and at the same time, the outer circumferential front surface of the air jet nozzle  130  is disposed at a gap width d from the inner circumferential wall of the first passage  112 , wherein to form this gap, the front surface of the air jet nozzle  130  and the corresponding surface of the first passage  112  are preferably tapered  115 . In forming the gap d from the circumferential wall surface of the first passage  112 , the length of the air jet nozzle  130  is so chosen that the predetermined gap d may be automatically formed between the front area of the nozzle  130  and the corresponding front surface area of the first passage  112 , when the air jet nozzle  130  is mounted in the ejector body  110  through screwed connection. The gap d is provided to form the state of communication among the air jet hole  132  of the air jet nozzle  130 , and the first and second passages  112  and  114 . The gap size can be freely controlled by adjusting the air jet nozzle  130  through the screwed section  34  wherein the gap d is preferably adjusted to be narrow enough so far as the friction is not so severe. Furthermore, as shown in the drawing, the air jet hole  132  of the air jet nozzle  130  is preferably constructed in the form of a cylinder tapering toward the front tip, so that the air stream from the air pump  30  may attain an increased jetting velocity for better or higher performance. 
     Preferably the air jet ejector  130  is mounted in the ejector body  110  so as to protrude from this ejector body, so that connection with the air pump  30  is facilitated in the subsequent assembling work. The projected part of the jet nozzle  130  is provided with the third screwed section  138  for connection with the air pump  30 . 
     Thus, the air supplied from the air pump  30 , when the latter goes into operation, is directed toward the first passage  112  through the air jet hole  132  of the air jet nozzle  130 , wherein the air stream reaching the point P 1  of least cross section attains a very high velocity and so low pressure before jetting from the air jet hole  132 . The air at the point P 2  just in front of the point P 1  will be at lowest pressure, naturally a negative pressure under atmospheric pressure, capable of sucking the surrounding high-pressure fluid, particularly the air in the second chamber  20 . Therefore, the air, vapor etc. remaining in the second chamber  20  are sucked, through the second passage  114  and the gap d, into the area near the position P 1  in the first passage  112  where they are mingled with the operating air from the air jet nozzle  130  and then the air is drawn in the first chamber  10 , with the result that the inside of the second chamber  20  is evacuated to be favorable for drying. The jetting velocity of the air through the air jet nozzle  130  can be controlled by changing the diameter of an jet hole  132  or the nozzle. The determination of the completion of evacuation in the second chamber  20  is carried out through a vacuum gauge (not shown) in the second chamber  20 , wherein the completion of vacuum drying operation is conducted by interrupting the operation of the air pump  30  together with the closure of the valve V to the second chamber (see FIG.  1 ). The operation and interruption of air pumps as well as the opening and closing of the valves V in connection with vacuum drying operation in the second chambers can be automated by means of appropriate circuitry, which can be realized in various manners as the corresponding circuitry is well known in the art. 
     FIG. 4 shows the inside of a medical autoclave as provided with a vacuum drying ejector device according to the invention. The same reference symbols as in the foregoing for the same parts are used here to avoid repetition. 
     Referring briefly to a medical autoclave  1  to which the present invention is to be applied before describing an example of the present invention as applied to an autoclave, a medical autoclave  1  is used in a hospital or clinic to disinfect and sterilize a variety of medical articles including surgery tools and clothes through the process consisting of water supplying, sterilizing, evacuating and drying, as described further in the following. 
     (1) First, in the water supplying step, a solenoid valve  5  is opened, so that the water reserved in a storage tank  10  may flow through a water supplying pipe  6  into a chamber  20  enclosing an sterilizing room. The water flow into the chamber  20  is stopped by the closure of the solenoid valve  5  as controlled by a water-level sensor  9 . 
     (2) The end of water supply is followed by the sterilizing step. The sterilizing step is conducted with the help of a heater  13  installed in the chamber  20  and continues until the temperature and pressure in the sterilizing chamber formed inside the chamber  20  reach preset values, wherein the cold air present initially in the sterilizing chamber and a part of heated steam below the preset temperature are discharged into the upper space of the storage tank  10  through an air exhauster  4  via a venting pipe  14 . When the temperature and pressure inside the sterilizing chamber reach preset values through the continued heating of the heater  13 , the air exhauster  4  is closed and thus the medical supplies placed in the sterilizing chamber are disinfected and sterilized under now-prevailing high temperature and pressure. 
     (3) When the sterilizing work is completed, an exhausting step is conducted, wherein the superheated high pressure steam in the sterilizing chamber is discharged. With the solenoid valve  5  and air exhauster  4  opened, the chamber steam and air are rapidly returned through the pipes  6  and  14  to the storage tank  10 , the upper space of which is connected to the outside atmosphere. Natural exhaust from the sterilizing chamber takes place until the temperature in the chamber drops to about 100° C. corresponding to the atmospheric pressure. 
     (4) Drying step follows the exhausting step. This drying step is conducted in order that any possible unvaporized water, any steam left-out even after the exhausting step and the moisture retained in the articles intended for disinfection may all be dehydrated or dried. The drying operation is carried out by the ejector device  100  according to the invention. In particular, to the ejector device  100 , the storage tank  10  corresponding to the first chamber in FIGS. 1 and 2 is directly and the chamber  20  formed with the sterilizing chamber, corresponding to the second chamber in FIGS. 1 and 2, is through the valve V connected. An air pump or compressor  30  on the side opposite to the storage tank  10  is connected to the ejector device  100  through a pipe  32 . 
     Accordingly, as described with regard to the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 1 to  3 , the air generated in the air compressor  30 , brought into operation, is ejected at a high speed toward the water storage tank  10  through the air jet nozzle (see FIG. 2) equipped in the ejector device  100  to produce a negative pressure, whereby the stagnant air together with the moisture adhered to the medical supplies during the prior sterilizing step in the sterilizing chamber of the chamber  20  is drawn through the valve V to the operating jet air to be flowed into the tank  10 . As the result, drying is favorably conducted under a vacuum atmosphere in the sterilizing room of the chamber  20 . This drying operation continues for a predetermined period long enough to bring the wet medical articles to the complete drying. The valve V is so designed as to automatically close with the interruption of the air pump  30 . In other words, the valve is automatically turned on and off depending on the operation and interruption of the air pump  30 . The principal drying in the sterilizing room of the chamber  20  is initiated with the interruption of the air pump  30  and is completed after a preset time, when the door is opened and the dry disinfected medical articles are withdrawn. 
     Although the ejector devices according to the invention as used for evacuating sterilizing chambers were described, the ejector devices according to the invention may be operated for supplying the water in the same system, wherein causing the negative pressure in the sterilizing room of the chamber  20  can suck the water from the storage tank  10  into the sterilizing room through the opened solenoid valve  5  and water supplying pipe  6 . 
     Although the embodiment as represented in FIG. 4, in which the ejector according to the invention was applied to a sterilizing autoclave, was described, the present invention can be applied to the processes of enriching, distillation, deodorization, crystallization, gas exhausting, impregnation, mixing, cooling, transferring and the like. 
     As described above, the main advantage of the invention lies in that the invention has substantially the same performance as the conventional art in spite of using simple, compact, noiseless and low-cost ejector-air compressor drying apparatuses in the place of complicated, noisy, high-cost and water pipes necessitating vacuum pump type apparatuses. The ejector according to the invention can be further applied, beside drying, to other processes of enriching, distillation, deodorization, crystallization, gas exhausting, impregnation, mixing, cooling, transferring and the like.