Abstract:
A radioactive waste acid is recycled. The waste acid is a fluoboric waste acid. The waste acid contains a lot of oxides and radioactive nuclei. The waste fluoboric acid is processed to obtain a purified fluoboric acid. The amount of radioactive nuclei is greatly reduced. Thus, the present invention has a simple procedure with low cost and reduced power consumption.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to recycling a radioactive waste acid; more particularly, relates to effectively reducing content of radioactive metal nuclei in a waste acid for recycling and reusing the processed waste acid, where the present invention has a simple procedure with low cost, low power consumption and reduced secondary waste. 
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ARTS 
     A light water reactor (LWR) are mostly made of carbon steel or stainless steel, like type 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 405, 430, 460, etc. Oxide membrane may be formed in the reactor for the devices and pipes of the reactor are made of metal or alloy materials and are contacted with the main cooling-water system of the reactor. Those devices and pipes are explored in a solution and are thus corroded. Different metal enters into the cooling water in forms of ions and fragments. These corroded metal materials enter into the core part of the reactor by following the cycling cooling water. After being radiated by neutrons, these materials are activated into radioactive nuclei to be formed into radioactive corroded materials. Yet, nickel (Ni) in the stainless steel may contain up to 0.2 percents (%) of cobalt (Co). Not only that Co has a high capture cross-section to hot neutrons (37 barn); but also that Co-60 is a product of radiation γ and β and may do harms to human health. For dealing with these radioactive corroded materials, different chemical agents can be selected to be used as dissolving agents (i.e. decontamination agents) for the membrane of radioactive corroded materials. Thus, the background radiation of the reactor can be reduced and the exposure dose of radiation to human can be lowered. 
     A waste acid is generated through the following steps. At first, the radioactive corroded materials are processed through oxidation, which have high solubility to fluoboric acid (HBF 4 ). After using HBF 4  as a decontamination agent, dissolved materials are accumulated in the solution as ions. Although HBF 4  has a high solubility (about 200 g/L of iron ions) to metals, metal salts will be deposited after ion density is saturated. Besides, free HBF 4  in the solution will be deducted until no decontamination is possible. Finally, the waste acid is generated. 
     A prior art relating to acid washing is revealed. At first, solid-liquid separation is processed to a waste acid containing lots of metal ions and oxides. Then, the liquid containing metal ions is sent to ion-exchange resin tube for absorbing the metal ions to recycle the waste acid. Yet, only a little amount of the waste acid is processed and a long time is taken, while a lot of waste ion-exchange resin and backwash liquor are produced. These by-products needs complex procedure followed for final treatment of stabilizing radioactive wastes. 
     Another prior art is revealed for recycling HBF 4  acid. At first, Fe +3  in the acid is reduced to Fe +2  and, then, a lot of oxalic acid is added. The oxalic acid is dissolved by increasing temperature to be stirred for reaction as follows: 
                                
At last, an HBF 4  solution is recycled through a filter. However, the filter is required and a secondary waste of ferrous oxalate thus generated has to be reprocessed through solidification or high-temperature incineration.
 
     Hence, the prior arts do not fulfill all users&#39; requests on actual use. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The main purpose of the present invention is to effectively reduce content of radioactive metal nuclei in a waste acid for recycling and reusing the processed waste acid, where the present invention has a simple procedure with low cost, low power consumption and reduced secondary waste. 
     To achieve the above purpose, the present invention is a method of recycling a radioactive waste acid, comprising steps of: (a) removing solid objects in a fluoroborate waste acid, where the solid objects are oxides and radioactive nuclei; (b) adding a sulphuric acid to the fluoroborate waste acid to be reacted for obtaining an acidic solution having metal sulphates; (c) crystallizing the acidic solution through convection with a cooling water for obtaining crystals of the metal sulphates containing crystallization water; and (d) processing solid-liquid separation to separate crystals of the metal sulphates from the acidic solution. Accordingly, a novel method of recycling a radioactive waste acid is obtained. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiment according to the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which 
         FIG. 1  is the view showing the preferred embodiment according to the present invention; and 
         FIG. 2  is the view showing the device of purifying and recycling a waste acid. 
     
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The following description of the preferred embodiment is provided to understand the features and the structures of the present invention. 
     Please refer to  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , which are a view showing a preferred embodiment and a device of purifying and recycling a waste acid according to the present invention. As shown in the figures, the present invention is a method of recycling a radioactive waste acid, comprising the following steps: 
     (a) Removing solid objects 1: Solid objects in a fluoroborate waste acid, containing a lot of oxides and radioactive nuclei, are removed, where the fluoroborate waste acid has a density of 5˜40 percents (%). 
     (b) Adding sulphuric acid 2: A sulphuric acid is slowly added to the fluoroborate waste acid for reaction to obtain an acidic solution having metal sulphates, including ferrous sulphate, cobalt sulphate, nickel sulfate, etc. Therein, the sulphuric acid has a density of 5˜30 weight percents (wt %). 
     (c) Crystallizing 3: The acidic solution obtained after reaction is crystallized through convection with a cooling water to obtain crystals of the metal sulphates containing crystallization water. Therein, the crystallization is processed at a temperature of 2˜8 Celsius degrees (° C.). 
     (d) Separating crystals 4: Solid-liquid separation is processed to separate crystals of the metal sulphates from the acidic solution for obtaining a purer fluoroborate acid. 
     Thus, a novel method of recycling a radioactive waste acid is obtained. 
     The above steps of removing solid objects  1 , adding sulphuric acid  2 , crystallizing  3  and separating crystals  4  are processed with a device of purifying and recycling a waste acid  5 . 
     The device of purifying and recycling a waste acid  5  comprises a collecting tank  51  for containing the fluoroborate waste acid; a filter  52  connected with the collecting tank  514  for removing solid objects in the fluoroborate waste acid; a dispensing tank  53  connected with the filter  52  for containing a sulphuric acid and the fluoroborate waste acid obtained after the solid objects are removed; a pre-crystallizing tank  54  connected with the dispensing tank  53 ; a crystallizing tank  55  connected with the pre-crystallizing tank  54 ; a purifying tank  56  connected with the crystallizing tank  55 ; a recycling tank  57  connected with the purifying tank  56 ; a low-temperature recycling water tank  58  connected with the purifying tank  57 ; and a plurality of separating tanks  59  corresponding to the pre-crystallizing tank  54 , the crystallizing tank  55  and the purifying tank  56 . Therein, the dispensing tank  53  has an agitator  531  to stir the fluoroborate waste acid in the dispensing tank while the sulphuric acid is slowly added; after the fluoroborate waste acid reacted in the dispensing tank is flown into the pre-crystallizing tank and the crystallizing tank, the fluoroborate waste acid enters into the purifying tank and, in the end, flows back to the recycling tank; the pre-crystallizing tank  54  is cooled down to a temperature below 8 Celsius degrees (° C.) on being filled with the fluoroborate waste acid; the low-temperature recycling water tank  58  processes heat exchange through self circulation, where fluid flows through the purifying tank  56  and the crystallizing tank  55  to enter into the pre-crystallizing tank  54  and, then, flows back to the low-temperature recycling water tank  58 ; each of the separating tanks  59  processes solid-liquid separation to separate the crystals of metal sulphates from the fluoroborate waste acid through the following formula: 
                                
where the crystals of metal sulphates are MSO 4 .H2O (M=Fe 2+ , Co 2+ , Ni 2+ ).
 
     Hence, the present invention has the following advantages: 
     1. Sulphuric acid is added for generating a lot of ferrous sulphate and improving purity of waste acid. 
     2. On processing the waste acid, feeding process is continuous and automatic with stirring for avoiding big crystals and blocks and enhancing recycling effect of the waste acid. 
     3. An automatic operation under a low temperature is provided with simple utilities, easy maintenance and low cost, while toxic gas and nuclear leakages are prevented for reducing harms to operators. 
     4. No extra chemical agents are required, so that cost and secondary waste are reduced. 
     5. Ferrous sulphate crystals containing crystallization water are generated, which can be used in fields of agriculture, environmental protection, ferric pigments, ferric catalysts, cement additives, forage additives, food additives, Mohr&#39;s salts, magnetic ferric oxides, etc. Besides, ferrous sulphate is a main element for producing blood-tonifying drugs. In the nuclear field, ferrous sulphate can be used as a reducer; and, under different temperatures, can be changed into a tetrahydrate or monohydrate used as a flocculating agent for waste liquid to effectively remove heavy metal ions for recycle. 
     To sum up, the present invention is a method of recycling a radioactive waste acid, where content of radioactive metal nuclei in a waste acid is effectively reduced for recycling and reusing the processed waste acid; and the present invention has a simple procedure with low cost, low power consumption and reduced secondary waste. 
     The preferred embodiment herein disclosed is not intended to unnecessarily limit the scope of the invention. Therefore, simple modifications or variations belonging to the equivalent of the scope of the claims and the instructions disclosed herein for a patent are all within the scope of the present invention.