Abstract:
A method for plastering construction in architectural decoration comprises the following steps: (1) base treatment; (2) performing construction positioning paying-off according to the required plastering height, and longitudinally installing screeding templates along a wall surface subjected to the base treatment in Step (1) according to the paying-off height, a lateral space between adjacent screeding templates being 1.3 to 1.8 meters; (3) plastering; and (4) laying aside the wall surface subjected to the plastering for 12 to 24 hours till plastering mortar on the wall surface is in a half-dried compact hardened state, and using teeth of a saw blade for grinding the mortar along the two adjacent screeding templates through a ruler till the mortar is even. The method can improve the construction efficiency and guarantee the construction quality.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to a method for plastering construction of an interior wall in architectural decoration. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The existing plastering construction process for architectural decoration generally includes: base treatment; hanging vertically of a plumb; perpendicularity and flatness leveling; line positioning; plaster applying; screed strips constructing on wall surfaces; manual plastering; filling of reserved holes, electric cabinet slots, electric cabinet boxes, and the like; scraping and trowelling; and waste recycling. The above existing construction process has the following disadvantages: 
         [0003]    (1) The traditional process of constructing screed strips on wall surfaces is very demanding for the skills of a plastering worker. In the case of plastering construction by an unskilled worker, the speed of the plaster applying is lowered, and it is difficult to guarantee a high precision of constructing screed strips on the wall surface, resulting in unsatisfying flatness and levelness of wall surfaces and the undesired visual effect of the wall body. Moreover, the screed strip constructing process cannot match with a mechanized construction process, leading to difficulties in significantly improving the construction efficiency. 
         [0004]    (2) During wall surface trowelling after the manual plastering or mechanical mortar spraying, due to the rotary grinding of a wooded trowel, the collision and squeeze occurred within the mortar causes the moisture in the mortar to exude from the mortar. Because of the moisture loss from the mortar to brick bodies of the wall in contact with the mortar, the moisture in the mortar is absorbed prematurely, thus the mortar shrinks and hence the wall surface plumps up, causing phenomena such as cracks in the wall surface and peeling off of the mortar. Moreover, the construction schedule is prolonged since the above processes rely on numerous technical personnel and are time consuming, and the construction efficiency is lowered since the construction processes are fussy and complicated. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    A technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for plastering construction, which improves the efficiency of plastering construction and guarantees high construction quality, without dependency on a technique level of a construction personnel, and may further cooperate with mechanized construction. 
         [0006]    In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for plastering construction in architectural decoration, including steps of:
       (1) base treatment;   (2) screed strip constructing;   (3) plastering; and   (4) wall surface grinding.       
 
         [0011]    the step (2) of screed strip constructing comprises: positioning alignment wires according to an intended height of applied plaster, and installing longitudinally screed templates along a wall surface treated by the step (1) of base treatment according to a distance between the alignment wire and the wall surface, wherein a transverse interval between the adjacent screed templates is 1.3 m to 1.8 m; and 
         [0012]    the step (4) of wall surface grinding comprises that: the wall surface treated by the step (3) of plastering rests for 12 hours to 24 hours till the plastered mortar on the wall surface is semi-dry and compact and at a solidified state, and the mortar is ground to be flat by saw teeth of a running rule with saw blade abutting against the mortar along two adjacent screed templates. 
         [0013]    The base treatment in step (1) includes: cleaning and drying a wall surface; applying mortar on the wall surface; attaching a stretched fiberglass mesh on the mortar at the time of pre-hardening of the mortar, and pressing the fiberglass mesh into the mortar until the fiberglass mesh is slightly visible; applying mortar on the fiberglass mesh to completely cover the fiberglass mesh; and solidifying the mortar. 
         [0014]    The step (3) of plastering includes a mechanical mortar spraying, which includes: spraying water on the wall surface after the screed scrip constructing; spraying the plastering mortar to the wall surface by a mortar spraying machine till the screed templates are basically covered but slightly visible; scraping the wall surface by a common running rule abutting against the screed templates; and manually repairing and leveling the reserved holes or reserved positions. 
         [0015]    The screed template in the step (2) includes a base configured to be connected with the wall surface, a screed board and a connecting rod for connecting the base with the screed board; the base is provided with an installation through hole for receiving one end of the connecting rod in a direction perpendicular to the base; a side of the screed board, which is close to the wall surface, is provided with a clamping slot configured to perpendicularly receive the other end of the connecting rod along a longitudinal direction, and the screed board is connected with at least two bases via at least the connecting rods. 
         [0016]    The screed templates are installed by: sticking longitudinally the bases on the wall surface by using glue, with the adjacent bases being spaced by an interval of 50 cm; inserting one end of each connecting rod into the installation through hole, shearing the connecting rod to have a length corresponding to a distance between the alignment wire and the wall surface, and pressing the clamping slot after aligning the clamping slot with the other end of the connecting rod. 
         [0017]    The base is integrally formed by a smaller round disc and a bigger round disc which is coaxial with the smaller round disc and configured to connect with the wall surface; the installation through hole is coaxial with the bigger round disc and the smaller round disc; an end of the installation through hole, which is close to the screed board, is provided with a clamping jaw protruding towards the center of the installation through hole. 
         [0018]    Four auxiliary through holes are evenly distributed in a circumferential direction on the bigger round disc; the screed board is integrally formed by a folded plate symmetrically folded about a longitudinal direction and the clamping slot; the clamping slot is disposed on an inner concave surface of a corner of the folded plate and extends along the longitudinal direction; and both lateral sides of the folded plate are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes distributed along the longitudinal direction. 
         [0019]    A plurality of closed annular dents, which are in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod, are evenly distributed on the connecting rod along the longitudinal direction. 
         [0020]    The running rule with saw blade in step (4) includes a saw blade that is provided with the saw teeth along the longitudinal direction and a clamping part connecting with the saw blade. 
         [0021]    A cross-sectional shape of the clamping part is approximate to an isosceles triangle, the clamping part extends at its vertex as two clamping plates for clamping the saw blade, the clamping plates and the saw blade are tightened by a bolt, and the clamping part matches the saw blade in length. 
         [0022]    A length of the saw blade is 1.7 m to 2.3 m; a distance between the saw teeth and a proximal end of the clamping plate is 30 mm to 70 mm; a width of a clamped part of the saw blade is 40 mm to 60 mm; and a width of an end surface of the clamping part, which is away from the saw blade, is 2 cm. 
         [0023]    The screeding apparatus used for the screed strip constructing of the method for the plastering construction in architectural decoration is convenient to install and use, and has a lower technical requirement on the construction personnel, while guaranteeing both the perpendicularity and the flatness of the wall surface and avoiding the dependence on the technical experiences of the construction personnel. Further, the screeding apparatus may be remained inside the wall rather than being taken out from the wall after the screed strip constructing is finished, thereby avoiding repairing at an original position of the screed strip, reducing the working procedures and improving the efficiency. Also, the screeding apparatus may cooperate with a mechanized mortar spraying operation, thereby improving the plastering efficiency. After the mechanized mortar spraying is finished, the existing manual trowelling is avoided, the plastered mortar on the wall surface rests for 12 hours to 24 hours till the plastered mortar on the wall surface is semi-dry and compact and at a solidified state, so that the problem of plumping up of the wall surface can be solved by utilizing the natural solidification of the mortar, and then the mortar is ground by the running rule with saw blade. Compared with the manual troweling, the running rule with saw blade can implement grinding at a larger area and hence is suitable for large-area construction. The running rule with saw blade is simple and convenient in operation, and has a low requirement on a technical merit and a less requirement on the quantity of the construction personnel. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0024]    The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. 
           [0025]      FIG. 1  is a front view of a screed template used in a step of screed strip constructing according to the present invention. 
           [0026]      FIG. 2  is a left view of the screed template used in the step of screed strip constructing according to the present invention. 
           [0027]      FIG. 3  is a schematic top sectional view of the screed template used in the step of screed strip constructing according to the present invention. 
           [0028]      FIG. 4  is a front view of a running rule with saw blade used in a step of wall surface grinding according to the present invention. 
           [0029]      FIG. 5  is a left view of the running rule with saw blade used in the step of wall surface grinding according to the present invention. 
           [0030]      FIG. 6  is a bottom view of the running rule with saw blade used in the step of wall surface grinding according to the present invention. 
           [0031]      FIG. 7  is a flow chart of a method for plastering construction in architectural decoration according to the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0032]    The present invention introduces newly designed tools, i.e. a screed template and a running rule with saw blade. The use of the screed template improves the efficiency of forming screed strips, and lowers requirements for the technique level of the construction personnel, and the use of the running rule with saw blade to grind the wall surface can effectively solve the plumping up of the wall surface, and lower requirements for the technique level and quantity of the construction personnel due to the easy usage of the running rule with saw blade, which has significant meanings on saving labor costs and time costs.  FIG. 7  is a flow chart of a method for plastering construction in architectural decoration according to the present invention. 
         [0033]    The method for the plastering construction in architectural decoration according to the present invention includes the following processes of: base treatment, screed strip constructing, mechanical mortar spraying and wall surface grinding. 
         [0034]    In the existing base treatment, a steel mesh for preventing cracking is fixed on the wall by nails, which are covered by plastered mortar. However, both the nails and the steel mesh remained on the wall are likely to rust, which may cause damages to the wall surface. In order to avoid the rust of the nails for fixing the steel mesh, the present invention provides a way of burying a fiberglass mesh by mortar, which can better guarantee that the wall surface after plastering construction is reliable and durable and has thermal insulation and waterproof properties, such that the traditional way of fixing the steel mesh using nails is avoided. In this way, the problem of rust of the nails can be solved, and cracks of the wall surface are prevented. 
         [0035]    The base treatment process in the present invention includes: (1) cleaning and drying a wall surface; (2) applying mortar on the wall surface; (3) attaching a stretched fiberglass mesh on the mortar at the time of pre-hardening of the mortar, and pressing the fiberglass mesh into the mortar until the fiberglass mesh is slightly visible; (4) applying mortar on the fiberglass mesh to completely cover the fiberglass mesh; and (5) solidifying the mortar. 
         [0036]    The fiberglass mesh has good chemical stability and is alkali-resistant, acid-resistant, waterproof, and cement corrosion resistant; has good physical properties such as high strength, high modulus, and light weight; and has good size stability such as rigidness, flatness, good shrinkage and deformation resistance, and excellent positioning property. The fiberglass mesh also has properties of thermal insulation, electrical insulation, and crack resistance. Moreover, a mesh size of the fiberglass mesh may be 5 mm×5 mm and a length of a single fiberglass mesh is generally no more than 6 meters. To join adjacent fiberglass meshes, a width of the overlapping portion of the fiberglass meshes shall be at least 10 cm. To press the fiberglass mesh into the mortar in the step (3), a trowel is used to flatly and firmly press the fiberglass mesh into the surface layer of the mortar from the center of the fiberglass mesh to its periphery. Folds of the pressed fiberglass mesh shall be avoided. The mortar should not be kneaded continuously to avoid the plumping up of the wall surface. 
         [0037]    After the mortar is hardened, the screed strip construction begins. 
         [0038]    As illustrated in  FIGS. 1-3 , a screed template used for the screed strip construction includes a base  10  configured to be fixed on a wall surface, a screed board  30 , and a connecting rod  20  for connecting the base  10  with the screed board  30 . The same screed board  30  can connect with at least two bases  10  via at least two connecting rods  20 . Preferably, the base  10 , the screed board  30  and the connecting rod  20  each are integrally made of the recycled plastics so as to save costs and be environment friendly, or made of other materials. 
         [0039]    The base  10  is provided with an installation through hole  11 , in which the connecting rod  20  can be inserted in a direction perpendicular to the base  10 . In order to install the connecting rod  20  on the base  10  more firmly, the base  10  is integrally formed by a smaller round disc  18  and a bigger round disc  17  which is coaxial with the smaller round disc  18  and configured to connect with the wall surface. The installation through hole  11  is coaxial with the bigger round disc  17  and the smaller round disc  18 , and an end of the installation through hole  11 , which is close to the screed board  30 , is provided with a clamping jaw  12  protruding from the wall of the installation through hole  11  towards the center of the installation through hole  11 . As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the clamping jaw  12  is used for fixing the connecting rod  20  perpendicularly to the base  10 . The bigger round disc has a diameter of 60 mm and a height from 1 mm to 2 mm, and the smaller round disc has a diameter of 9 mm and a height of 3 mm. When the screed strip constructing begins, the base  10  is stuck on the wall surface by connecting the bigger round disc  17  with the wall surface. Due to the different conditions of the wall surfaces, the bigger round disc  17  is provided with at least one auxiliary through hole  13  which may have a round shape or other shape, in order to stick the base  10  on the wall surface more firmly. Preferably, a plurality of auxiliary through holes  13 , for example four auxiliary through holes as illustrated in  FIG. 2 , are disposed evenly along a circumferential direction in the bigger round disc  17 . 
         [0040]    The screed board  30  is used for indicating the intended height of applied plaster, and a side of the screed board  30 , which is close to the wall surface in use, is provided with a clamping slot  33  configured to perpendicularly receive the connecting rod  20 . The screed board  30  is integrally formed by a folded plate  31  symmetrically folded about a longitudinal direction of the screed board  30  and the clamping slot  33 . The folded plate  31  is bent by an angle of 90 degrees or 60 degrees or other angles. The clamping slot  33  is disposed on an inner concave surface of a corner of the folded plate  31  and extends along the longitudinal direction. In order to prevent the plumping up due to a gap between the clamping slot  33  and the folded plate  31 , both lateral sides of the folded plate  31  are respectively provided with a plurality of through holes  32  evenly distributed along the longitudinal direction. As shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the through holes  32  are hexagon-shaped. The mortar can be filled between the clamping slot  33  and the folded plate  31  via the through holes  32 . End surfaces of the folded plate  31  at its both sides, which are close to the base  10 , and an opening end of the clamping slot  33  are in the same plane. The folded plate  31  has a thickness from 1 mm to 2 mm, and has a width from 1 cm to 2 cm. 
         [0041]    A plurality of closed annular dents (i.e. grooves)  21 , which are in planes perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the connecting rod  20 , are evenly distributed on the connecting rod  20  along the longitudinal direction. As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , one end of the connecting rod  20  is perpendicularly inserted into the installation through hole  11  of the base  10 , so that the clamping jaw  12  clamps the dent  21  on the connecting rod  20  to fix the connecting rod  20 , and the other end of the connecting rod  20  is perpendicularly inserted into the clamping slot  33  of the screed board  30 , so that the clamping slot  33  clamps the dent  21  on the connecting rod  20  to fix the connecting rod  20 . For the screed strip constructing, the connecting rod  20  can be sheared to have a desired length depending on the intended thickness of the applied plaster. 
         [0042]    A process of the screed strip constructing includes: positioning alignment wires according to an intended height of applied plaster; sticking the bases  10  on the wall surface applied with the mortar by using glue along a longitudinal direction, with the adjacent bases  10  being spaced by an interval of 50 cm; inserting one end of each connecting rod  20  into the installation through hole  11 , shearing the connecting rod  20  to have a length corresponding to a distance between the alignment wire and the wall surface, and pressing the clamping slot  33  after aligning the clamping slot  33  with the other end of the connecting rod  20 , so that the screed templates are mounted at an interval of 1.3 m to 18 m transversely. 
         [0043]    The screed strip constructing operation of the present invention has a lower technical requirement on the workers, and the screed template has a simple structure and can be easily installed, so that the whole screed strip constructing operation can be finished independently only by the screed templates without needing any other tools or mortar materials. Since the screed templates are close to one another, the height of the applied plaster is easy to adjust and unify, such that the construction efficiency is improved. Thus, the height of the applied plaster will not be negatively affected by techniques of the workers or the deformation of mortar and the screed strips caused by collisions. The base, the connecting rod and the screed board each are integrally formed by the recycled plastics, which not only protects the environment, but also saves the cost without public hazards and pollutions, resulting in public benefit effects of “green building”. The base, the connecting rod and the screed board can be buried in the applied plaster after the plastering is finished, thereby simplifying the process and reducing the construction time. In the prior art, the plastering cannot be implemented until 2 hours after the screed strips have been constructed, while in the present invention, the plastering can be implemented immediately after the screed strip constructing is finished, thereby improving the construction efficiency. 
         [0044]    After the screed strip constructing is finished, next step of plastering is implemented. Either the manual plastering or the mechanical mortar spraying can be employed in the plastering step. The mechanical mortar spraying is implemented in the embodiment of the present invention. 
         [0045]    The process of the mechanical mortar spraying includes: spraying water on the wall surface after the screed scrip constructing; spraying the plastering mortar to the wall surface by a mortar spraying machine till the screed templates are basically covered but slightly visible; scraping the wall surface by a common running rule abutting against the screed templates; and manually repairing and leveling the reserved holes or reserved positions such as an electric cabinet, an electric cabinet slot, an electric cabinet box and the like. 
         [0046]    A mortar spraying machine of a TURBOSOL POLIT type is used for the mechanical mortar spraying in the embodiment. The mortar can be directly applied on the wall surface subjected to the base treatment via the mortar spraying machine, a delivery pipe and a spray nozzle. A thickness of the sprayed mortar is just sufficient to basically cover the screed templates but keep the screed templates be slightly visible. Each time scraping the wall surface by the common running rule abutting against the screed templates, the redundant materials can be recycled. The vacant wall surface can be manually repaired by the workers or repeatedly sprayed by the spraying machine. The above steps may be repeated to guarantee the sufficient mortar spraying. The mortar protruding slightly can achieve a better effect, and vacancy in the wall surface shall be avoided as possible. 
         [0047]    The manual plastering needs for a large number of technical personnel and takes a long construction time, which influences the construction schedule. In addition, the construction process is fussy and complicated, which influences the construction efficiency. 
         [0048]    Compared with the manual plastering, the mechanical mortar spraying greatly improves the efficiency of the mortar spraying and is suitable for the large-area construction, thus a requirement on the quantity of the construction personnel is reduced and the labor cost is saved. 
         [0049]    As a difference from the prior art, a manual trowelling procedure in the plastering operation is cancelled and the step of grinding the wall surface is added in the present invention. The plasticity of the plastered mortar is strong when the plastering is finished because the plastered mortar is in a pre-hardening state. During the manual trowelling process, due to the rotary grinding of a wooded trowel, the collision and squeeze occurred within the mortar causes the moisture in the mortar to exude from the mortar. Because of the moisture loss from the mortar to brick bodies of the wall in contact with the mortar, the moisture in the mortar is absorbed prematurely, thus the mortar shrinks and hence the wall surface plumps up, causing phenomena such as cracks in the wall surface and peeling off of the mortar. Therefore, in the present invention, the plastered mortar on the wall surface rests for 12 hours to 24 hours till the plastered mortar on the wall surface is semi-dry and compact and at a solidified state, so that the problem of plumping up of the wall surface can be solved by utilizing the natural solidification of the mortar, and then the mortar is ground by the running rule with saw blade. Compared with the manual troweling, the running rule with saw blade can implement grinding at a larger area and hence is suitable for large-area construction. The running rule with saw blade is simple and convenient in operation, and has a low requirement on a technical merit and a less requirement on the quantity of the construction personnel, further, the plumping up can be better avoided. The grinding operation can be implemented by either the manual plastering or the mechanical mortar spraying. 
         [0050]      FIGS. 4-6  illustrate structural views of the running rule with saw blade used for grinding the wall surface, and the running rule with saw blade includes a saw blade  300 , a clamping part  200  for clamping the saw blade  300 , and a bolt  100  for fastening the saw blade  300  and the clamping part  200 . Teeth, which may be general teeth, are disposed along the longitudinal direction of the saw blade  300 . The length of the saw blade  300  is 1.7 m to 2.3 m, preferably, 2 m in the embodiment, so as to match with the screed templates arranged at an interval of 1.3 m to 1.8 m. The width of the saw blade  300  is 0.1 m to 0.2 m, and the thickness of the saw blade  300  is 1 mm. 
         [0051]    For ease of the construction, the clamping part  200  is connected to a side of the saw blade  300 , which is opposite to the teeth, and is disposed along the longitudinal direction. Preferably, the length of the clamping part  200  matches with the saw blade  300 . A cross-sectional shape of the clamping part  200  is approximate to an isosceles triangle, the clamping part  200  may be formed by an aluminum alloy plate, and the clamping part extends at its vertex as two clamping plates  210  for clamping the saw blade  300 . The bottom side of the clamping part  200 , that is, an end surface of the clamping part  200  which is away from the saw blade  300 , has a width of 2 cm, so that the clamping part  200  is convenient for griping by a worker. A distance between the teeth of the saw blade  300  and the end of the clamping plate  210  is 30 mm to 70 mm, and a width of a part of the saw blade  300 , which is clamped by the clamping plates  210 , is 40 mm to 60 mm. In the embodiment, the whole width of the saw blade  300  is 0.1 m, a distance between the teeth of the saw blade  300  and a proximal end of the clamping plate  210  is 50 mm, and a width of the part of the saw blade  300  which is clamped is 50 mm. 
         [0052]    To fix the saw blade  300  between the clamping plates  210  of the clamping part  200 , at least two bolts  100  (cooperate with corresponding nuts) are needed for fastening the clamping plates  210  and the saw blade  300  to clamp the saw blade  300 . As illustrated in  FIG. 4 , two bolts  100  are respectively disposed at two ends of the clamping part  200 , and one of the two bolts  100  is close to the teeth and the other one is away from the teeth, thereby achieving the fixation purpose. 
         [0053]    A wall surface grinding process is as follows: after the mechanical mortar spraying is finished, the plastered mortar rests for 12 hours to 24 hours till the plastered mortar is semi-dry and compact and at a solidified state, subsequently the construction personnel can grip the clamping part  200  to grind the mortar along two neighboring screed templates from bottom to top, where the teeth abuts against the plastered mortar and the saw blade  300  inclines to the wall surface by an angle in the range from 30 degrees to 60 degrees. 
         [0054]    Upon inspection, both the flatness of the wall surface and perpendicularity at internal and external corners of the wall meet the national standards. Moreover, plumping up, cracks and watermarks do not occur to the wall surface.