Abstract:
A process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus. The apparatus includes a movable first engageable member and a movable second engageable member. The cartridge includes an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, a developing roller, a first frame supporting the drum, a second frame supporting the roller, a first force receiving portion for receiving, from the first engageable member, a force for separating the drum and roller a second force receiving portion for keeping the drum and roller spaced from each other and for receiving a force, from the second engageable member, for separating the first engageable member and the first force receiving portion. When the cartridge is transported while being in a mounted state, the second force receiving portion receives a force for separating the first engageable member and the first force receiving portion from each other from the second engageable member.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART  
       [0001]     The present invention relates to a process cartridge, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus employing a process cartridge.  
         [0002]     Here, an electrophotographic image forming apparatus means an apparatus which forms an image on a recording medium using an electrophotographic image forming method. For example, it includes an electrophotographic copying machine, an electrophotographic printer (for example, laser beam printer, LED printer, etc.), a facsimileing machine, a wordprocessor, etc.  
         [0003]     A process cartridge means a cartridge in which an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and at least a developing means as a processing means which acts on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are integrally disposed, and which is removably mountable in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.  
         [0004]     In the field of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus employing an electrophotographic image formation process, a system in which an electrophotographic photosensitive member, and a single or multiple processing means which act on the electrophotographic photosensitive member, are integrated into a unit which is removably mountable in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus has been used.  
         [0005]     The main assembly of an image forming apparatus, and a unit which is removably mountable in the main assembly, are packaged for distribution. As the method for packaging them, there have been known the method for individually packaging them in their own boxes, and the method for packaging them together in a single box. In either case it is when the image forming apparatus is used for the first time that the unit is mounted into the main assembly of an image forming apparatus. As the unit is mounted into the main assembly, it is properly positioned relative to the main assembly.  
         [0006]     Thus, in order to improve an image forming apparatus in terms of the efficiency with which an image forming apparatus main assembly, and a unit to be mounted therein, are distributed, there have been made various proposals for reducing in size the box in which the main assembly and unit are packaged, individually or together. According to these proposals, the main assembly and unit are to be packaged in a single box, with the unit mounted in the main assembly. Regarding these proposals, Japanese Laid-open Patent Application 7-104637 discloses an image forming apparatus comprising a unit mounting first means for mounting a unit into the position in which the unit is to form an image, and holding therein, and a unit mounting second means for mounting the unit into the position different from the position in which the unit is to form an image, and holding therein.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0007]     In the past, while an image forming apparatus was shipped in a single box, with its unit mounted in its main assembly, the portions of the main assembly, which are for transmitting driving force to the unit, the portions of the unit, which are for receiving the driving force from the main assembly, and the portion of its photosensitive drum (electrophotographic photosensitive member), which is kept in contact with its transfer roller, and the portion of the transfer roller, which is kept in contact with the photosensitive drum, were subjected to vibrations and shocks. Thus, the measures for dealing with these vibrations and shocks have long been desired.  
         [0008]     Thus, the primary object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and a process cartridge, which are capable of protecting the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and development roller while the image forming apparatus and process cartridge are transported, with the process cartridge mounted in the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.  
         [0009]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic image forming apparatus and a process cartridge, which are capable of protecting the force catching portion for catching the force for separating the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and development roller from each other, and the first retaining portion for keeping the electrophotographic photosensitive drum separated from each other, while the image forming apparatus and process cartridge are transported, with the process cartridge mounted in the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.  
         [0010]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the main assembly of which is no larger the main assembly of an image forming apparatus in accordance with any of the prior arts, and which can be transported with a process cartridge mounted in its main assembly, being therefore smaller in the amount of packaging supplies necessary for its transportation, and greater in transportation efficiency, and a process cartridge which can be transported in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.  
         [0011]     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, which make it possible to reliably carrying out an operation for separating the charge roller from the photosensitive drum, and an operation for separating the development roller from the photosensitive drum, independently from each other, in a short time, while the process cartridge remains in the main assembly of the image forming apparatus.  
         [0012]     Another object of the present invention is to provide a process cartridge which makes it possible to separate the charging member from the photosensitive drum even while the process cartridge remains in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and an electrophotographic image forming apparatus compatible with such a process cartridge.  
         [0013]     According to an aspect of the present invention, there is provided a process cartridge detachably mountable to a main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus, the apparatus including a first engageable member movable between a first position and a second position retracted from the first position and a second engageable member movable between a third position and a fourth position retracted from the third position, said process cartridge being transportable while being in a mounted state in the main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, said process cartridge comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive drum; a developing roller for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; a first frame supporting said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; a second frame supporting said developing roller, said second frame being movably connected with said first frame; a first force receiving portion for receiving, from the first engageable member, a force for separating said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and said developing roller from each other by contacting to the first engageable member, when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and the first engageable member is placed at the first position; a second force receiving portion for keeping said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and said developing roller spaced from each other and for receiving a force, from the second engageable member, for separating the first engageable member and said first force receiving portion from each other by contacting to said engageable member when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and the second engageable member is placed that said third position; wherein when said process cartridge is transported while being in a mounted state in said main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, said second force receiving portion receives a force for separating the first engageable member and said first force receiving portion from each other from the second engageable member.  
         [0014]     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an electrophotographic image forming apparatus for forming an image on a recording material to which a process cartridge is detachably mountable, wherein electrophotographic image forming apparatus is transportable with the process cartridge mounted thereto, said apparatus comprising (1) a first engageable member movable between a first position and a second position retracted from the first position; (2) a second engageable member movable between a third position and a fourth position retracted from the third position; (3) a mounting member for demountably mounting said process cartridge; a process cartridge mounted to said mounting member, 
        said process cartridge including,     an electrophotographic photosensitive drum a developing roller for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; a first frame supporting said electrophotographic photosensitive drum; a second frame supporting said developing roller, said second frame being movably connected with said first frame; a first force receiving portion for receiving, from the first engageable member, a force for separating said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and said developing roller from each other by contacting to the first engageable member, when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and the first engageable member is placed at the first position; a second force receiving portion for keeping said electrophotographic photosensitive drum and said developing roller spaced from each other and for receiving a force, from the second engageable member, for separating the first engageable member and said first force receiving portion from each other by contacting to said engageable member when said process cartridge is mounted to the main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, and the second engageable member is placed that said third position; wherein when said process cartridge is transported while being in a mounted state in said main assembly of the electrophotographic image forming apparatus, said second engageable member is placed at said third position.        
 
         [0017]     These and other objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]      FIG. 1  is a schematic sectional view of the electrophotographic color image forming apparatus in the first embodiment of the present invention, showing the general structure thereof.  
         [0019]      FIG. 2  is a sectional view of the cartridge in the first embodiment, showing the general structure thereof.  
         [0020]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of the cartridge in the first embodiment, showing the mechanism for separating the developing member and charging member from the photosensitive drum.  
         [0021]      FIG. 4  is a side view of the cartridge in the first embodiment, showing the operation for separating the developing member from the photosensitive drum, and the operation for separating the charging member from the photosensitive drum.  
         [0022]      FIG. 5  is a side view of the cartridge in the second embodiment, showing the operation for separating the developing member from the photosensitive drum, and the operation for separating the charging member from the photosensitive drum.  
         [0023]      FIG. 6  is a side view of the cartridge in the second embodiment, showing the operation for separating the developing apparatus from the photosensitive drum.  
         [0024]      FIG. 7  is a perspective view of the cartridge in the third embodiment, showing the mechanism for separating the developing member and charging member from the photosensitive drum.  
         [0025]      FIG. 8  is a side view of the cartridge in the third embodiment, showing the operation for separating the developing member from the photosensitive drum, and the operation for separating the charging member from the photosensitive drum.  
         [0026]      FIG. 9  is a partially phantom perspective view of the main assembly of the electrophotographic color image forming apparatus in the first embodiment. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
     Embodiment 1  
       [0027]     First, the process cartridge in this embodiment, and the electrophotographic image forming apparatus in which the process cartridge in this embodiment is removably mountable, will be described, with reference to the appended drawings.  
         [0028]     Hereafter, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to electrophotographic image forming apparatuses (which hereinafter will be simply referred to as “image forming apparatuses”) which form an image on an electrophotographic photosensitive member, using an electrophotographic image forming process, and process cartridges (which hereinafter will be referred to simply as “cartridge”) which are removably mountable in any of the abovementioned image forming apparatuses.  
         [0029]     In the following descriptions of the preferred embodiments, the “lengthwise direction” of a cartridge means the direction perpendicular (roughly perpendicular) to the direction in which a cartridge is mounted into, or removed from, the main assembly of an image forming apparatus (which hereinafter will be referred to simply as “apparatus main assembly”). It is also perpendicular (roughly perpendicular) to the direction in which a recording medium is conveyed through the main assembly.  
         [0000]     (General Structure of Image Forming Apparatus)  
         [0030]     First, referring to  FIG. 1 , the general structure of the image forming apparatus will be described along with the image forming operation of the image forming apparatus.  FIG. 1  is a schematic sectional view of the image forming apparatus, in this embodiment, which is holding the cartridges in accordance with this embodiment, in their proper positions.  
         [0031]     Referring to  FIGS. 1 and 9 , the image forming apparatus in this embodiment has four cartridge bays ( 70 R,  70 L,  71 R, and  71 L) in each of which a cartridge  7  is mounted. The four bays are vertically stacked in parallel. The image forming apparatus also has four image forming stations which also are vertically stacked, corresponding in position to the four cartridge bays, one for one. The four image forming stations form yellow, magenta, cyan, and black toner images, respectively, listing from the bottom side. The four image forming stations are different in the color of the images they form, but are the same in structure.  
         [0032]     In each of the image forming stations, a monochromatic image is formed of toner, on a photosensitive drum  1 , which is an electrophotographic photosensitive member in the form of a drum, using a process in which the photosensitive drum  1  is exposed to an optical image (photosensitive drum  1  is exposed to a beam of laser light projected from an optical system onto photosensitive drum  1  while being modulated with image formation data). In synchronism with the progression of the formation of the toner image, a recording medium S, such as a sheet of recording paper, OHP, or the like, is fed into the apparatus main assembly from a cassette  17 , by a separating-feeding roller  18 , and then, is conveyed further through the main assembly, by a pair of conveyance rollers  19 , a conveyer belt  11 , etc.  
         [0033]     The abovementioned conveyer belt  11  opposes all of the photosensitive members  1 , and circularly moves in contact with all the photosensitive members  1 . It is formed of film. It is stretched around four rollers, which are a driver roller  13 , a pair of follower rollers  14   a  and  14   b , and a tension roller  15 , and circularly moves in the direction indicated by an arrow mark A in  FIG. 1 . The recording medium S is conveyed by the conveyer belt  11  to each of the four image transfer locations, in which bias is applied to a transfer roller  12  as an image transferring means, whereby the toner image on the photosensitive drum  1  is transferred onto the recording medium S. After the transfer, the recording medium S is conveyed to a fixing means  20 , which has a driving roller  21   a , and a fixation roller  21   b  which contains a heater. Then, the recording medium S is conveyed through the fixing means  20 . While the recording medium S is conveyed through the fixing means  20 , heat and pressure is applied to the recording medium S and the toner image thereon, fixing thereby the toner image to the recording medium S. Thereafter, the recording medium S is discharged by a pair of discharge rollers  23 , into a delivery tray  24 .  
         [0034]     While the cartridge  7  is out of the apparatus main assembly, the development roller  25  remains always in contact with the photosensitive drum  1  ( FIG. 2 ). The cartridge  7  is to be mounted into the apparatus main assembly  100  (in direction indicated by arrow mark X in  FIG. 9 ) so that a pair of bearings  131   a  and  131   b , by which the photosensitive drum  1  is supported, are guided inward of the apparatus main assembly  100  by a pair of guide grooves  134   a  ( 134   b ,  134   c , or  134   d ) and  134   e  ( 134   f ,  134   f , or  134   h ), respectively. After the mounting of the cartridge  7  into the apparatus main assembly  100 , the photosensitive drum  1  and development roller  25  are separated from each other by a pair of development roller separating members  8 R and  8 L as a means for pivotally moving the development unit of the process cartridge  7 . The development roller separating members  8 R and  8 L will be described later in detail.  
         [0000]     (General Structure of Cartridge)  
         [0035]     The cartridge  7  is removably mountable in the image forming apparatus main assembly  100 . It has at least an electrophotographic photosensitive drum, a charging means for charging the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, and a developing means for developing a latent image formed on the electrophotographic photosensitive drum.  
         [0036]     Referring to  FIG. 2 , in the cartridge  7  in this embodiment, the photosensitive drum  1  provided with a photosensitive layer is rotated, the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum  1  is uniformly charged by a charge roller  2  as the charging means, across the area which opposes the charge roller  2 . The charged portion of the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum  1  is exposed to an optical image projected from the optical system  3  of the image forming apparatus. As a result, an electrostatic latent image is formed on the exposed area of the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum  1 . Meanwhile a layer of toner is formed in uniform thickness, on the peripheral surface of the development roller  25  by a development blade  35  of the developing means. Thereafter, the toner is transferred onto the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum  1  in the pattern of the latent image, developing thereby the latent image into a visible image, that is, an image forming of toner. Then, the toner image is transferred onto the recording medium S by the transfer roller  12 . The toner remaining on the photosensitive drum  1  is removed by the cleaning blade  6  of a cleaning means.  
         [0037]     The cartridge  7  is made up of two distinctive units: a photosensitive member unit  26  comprising the photosensitive drum  1 , charge roller  2 , and cleaning blade  6 , and a development unit  4  comprising the developing means.  
         [0038]     To a first frame, which is the cleaning means frame  27  of the photosensitive member unit  26 , the photosensitive drum  1  is rotatably attached, with a pair of bearings (unshown) placed between the photosensitive drum  1  and the cleaning means frame  27 . With the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum  1 , the charger roller  2  and cleaning blade  6  are in contact, as described above. After being removed from the peripheral surface of the photosensitive drum  1  by the cleaning blade  6 , the residual toner is sent by a toner conveying mechanism  29  to a chamber  27   a  provided for the removed residual toner, in the rear portion of the cleaning means frame  27 .  
         [0039]     To the cleaning means frame  27  as a first frame of the photosensitive member unit  26 , a pair of charge roller bearings  28  are attached, being enabled to move in the direction indicated by a line D which connects the rotational axis of the charge roller  2  and the rotational axis of the photosensitive drum  1 . The rotational axle  2   j  of the charge roller  2  is rotatably borne by the pair of bearings  28 , and the bearings  28  are kept pressed toward by photosensitive drum  1  by a pair of charge roller pressing members  26 . Thus, the charge roller  2  remains pressed upon the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0040]     The development unit  4  has the development roller  25  which rotates in the direction indicated by an arrow mark B in  FIG. 2  while remaining in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , and a second frame ( 30 ,  31 ,  32 R, and  32 L). The second frame comprises: a toner container  30  in which toner is stored; a developing means frame  31 ; and a pair of side covers  32 R and  32 L. The development roller  25  is rotatably supported at both of its lengthwise ends, by the lengthwise ends of the developing means frame  31 . With the peripheral surface of the development roller  25 , a toner supply roller  34  and a development blade  35  are in contact. The toner supply roller  34  rotates in the direction indicated by an arrow mark C while remaining in contact with the development roller  25 . The development blade  35  is for regulating the layer of toner formed on the peripheral surface of the development roller  25 . In the toner container  30 , a toner conveying mechanism  36  is disposed for conveying the toner in the toner container  30 , to the abovementioned toner supply roller  34  while stirring the toner.  
         [0041]     The development unit  4  and photosensitive member unit  23  are attached to each other so that as the cartridge  7  is mounted into the apparatus main assembly  100 , the development unit  4  is positioned as if it were suspended from the photosensitive member unit  26 , being allowed to pivotally move relative to the photosensitive member unit  26 . That is, the development unit  4  is attached to the photosensitive member unit  26 , with a pair of shafts  37 R and  37 L fitted in the center holes  32   b R and  32   b L of the side covers  32 R and  32 L, so that after the mounting of the cartridge  7  into the apparatus main assembly  100 , the development unit  4  is allowed to pivot about the shafts  37 R and  37 L (axial lines of holes  32   b R and  32   b L).  
         [0042]     In order to ensure that during an image forming operation, the development roller  25  is kept in contact with the photosensitive drum  1  by the moment of the development unit  4  about the shafts  37 R and  37 L (about axial lines thereof), the development unit  4  is kept pressed by a pair of compression springs  38  as pressure applying members.  
         [0043]     In other words, the cartridge  7  in this embodiment is structured to allow the development unit  4  to freely pivot about the shafts  37 R and  37 L so that the angle of the development unit  4  relative to the photosensitive unit  26  can be changed to place the cartridge  7  into a first or second state of separation. The first state of separation is a state in which the development roller  25  remains separated from the photosensitive drum  1 . This state is necessary to extend the cartridge  7  in life by keeping the development roller  25  separated from the photosensitive drum  1  while their involvement is not necessary for image formation.  
         [0044]     The second state of separation is a state in which not only are the development roller  25  and charge roller  2  kept separated from the photosensitive drum  1 , but also, the development roller separating member  8 R and  8 L and force catching first portion  32   a R and  32   a L are kept separated. The second state of separation is necessary to prevent the cartridge  7  and apparatus main assembly  100  from sustaining damage or breaking down, by ensuring that there will be no unnecessary contact while the image forming apparatus is transported, with the cartridge  7  left mounted in the apparatus main assembly  100 .  
         [0045]     Referring to  FIG. 3 , the side covers  32 R and  32 L of the development unit  4  are provided with a pair of force catching second portions  32   c R and  32   c L, and the pair of force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L. The force catching second portions  32   c R and  32   c L are the portions by which the development unit  4  catches from the apparatus main assembly  100 , the force that puts the cartridge  7  into the second state of separation, and the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L are the portions by which the development unit  4  catches from the apparatus main assembly  100 , the force that puts the cartridge  7  into the first state of separation.  
         [0046]     In the case of a developing method of the contact type, that is, the developing method in which a latent image is developed by placing the development roller  25  in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , the photosensitive drum  1  is desired to be a rigid component, whereas the development roller  25  is desired to be an elastic roller, that is, a roller having an elastic layer. As the material for this elastic layer, solid rubber or the like is usable. In consideration of the function of the development roller  25 , which is to charge the toner, the peripheral surface of the solid rubber layer of the development roller  25  may be coated with resin or the like.  
         [0000]     (Means for Separating and Keeping Separated Developing Member and Charging Member from Photosensitive Drum)  
         [0047]     Next, referring to  FIGS. 3 and 4 , the means for separating and keeping separated the development roller  25  and charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1 , in the cartridge  7  in this embodiment, will be described.  
         [0048]     As described above, the cartridge  7  in this embodiment is designed so that it can be put into the second state of separation, in which the development roller  25  and charge roller  2  are not in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , and the first state of separation, in which only the development roller  25  is not in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 . Referring to  FIG. 3 , the development roller separating members  8 R and  8 L as the primary separation causing members act on the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, putting the cartridge  7  into the first state of separation. The separation causing members  42 R and  42 L are the auxiliary separation causing members that put the cartridge  7  into the second state of separation.  
         [0049]     Referring to  FIG. 3 ( a ), the apparatus main assembly  100  is provided with the pair of separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, which are in the form of an eccentric cam. The separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are for separating and keeping separated the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1 , and are attached to the apparatus main assembly so that they can be rotated together by a separation causing member cam drive shaft  43 . The separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are enabled to assume a first position shown in  FIG. 4 ( b ), and a second position shown in  FIG. 4 ( c ). The second position is the position into which the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are retracted from the first position shown in  FIG. 4 ( c ). The first position is the position in which the separation causing members  8 R and BL keep the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and development roller separated from each other, and the second position is the position in which the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L allow the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and development roller to be in contact with each other.  
         [0050]     To the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L for separating and keeping separated the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1  are rotatably attached.  
         [0051]     The separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are designed so that they can be rotated into a third position in which they project beyond the portions of the peripheral edges of the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, respectively, which are farthest from the axial line of the separation causing member drive shaft  43 , and a fourth position in which they do not project beyond the abovementioned portions of the peripheral edges of the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, respectively. In other words, when the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are in the fourth position, the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are on the inward of the peripheral edges of the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, in terms of the radius direction of the separation causing member drive shaft  43 ; the fourth position is the position into which the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are retracted from the third position.  
         [0052]     Referring to  FIG. 3 ( c ), the separation causing member  8 R is provided with a shaft hole  8   e R, and the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R is provided with a shaft  42   a which is an integral part of the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R. Further, the shaft  42   a is provided with a claw  42   b R. Thus, the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R is attached to the separation causing member  8 R by inserting the shaft  42   a R into the shaft hole  8   e R, and then, causing the claw  42   b R to hook onto the separation causing member  8 R to prevent the shaft  42   a R from coming out of the shaft hole  8   e R of the separation causing member  8 R.  
         [0053]     Further, the separation causing member drive shaft  43  is inserted into the drive shaft attachment hole  8   f R of the separation causing member  8 R, and then, the separation causing member  8 R and separation causing member driver shaft  43  are locked with each other by a pin  45 .  
         [0054]     As for the separation causing member and separation causing auxiliary member located on the opposite side of the apparatus main assembly in terms of the lengthwise direction of the separation causing member drive shaft  43 , that is, the separation causing member  8 L and separation causing auxiliary member  42 L, they are attached to the separation causing member drive shaft  43  and separation causing member  8 L, respectively, in a manner similar to the above described manner in which the separation causing member  8 R and separation causing auxiliary member  42 R are attached.  
         [0000]     (Separation of Development Roller and Charge Roller from Photosensitive Drum)  
         [0055]     Referring to  FIG. 3 ( a ), as the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are rotated in the direction indicated by an arrow mark E about the drive shaft  43 , the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, with which the side covers  32 R and  32 L of the development unit  4  are provided, respectively, are changed in attitude, causing the development unit  4  to pivot around the shaft  37  ( 37 L) as the pivotal axle. As a result, the development roller  25  is separated from the photosensitive drum  1  as shown in  FIG. 4 ( b ).  
         [0056]     To describe in more detail the positional relationship among the components for separating and keeping separated the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1 , referring to  FIG. 3 ( b ), the force catching first portion  32   a R is positioned so that it opposes the separation causing member  8 R, and the force catching second portion  32   c R is positioned so that it opposes the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R. In other words, the force catching second portion  32   c R and force catching first portion  32   a R are positioned so that they are different in position in terms of the lengthwise direction of the drive shaft  43 . More specifically, the force catching first portion  32   a R and force catching second portion  32   c R are two different portions of an outward extension of the side cover  32 R, in terms of the lengthwise direction. As for the force catching second and first portions  32   c L and  32   a L, respectively, they are also rendered different in position in terms of the lengthwise direction of the drive shaft  43  as are their above described counterparts on the opposite end of the cartridge  7 .  
         [0057]     Described next will be the separation of the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1 . Referring to  FIG. 3 ( a ), as the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are rotated in the direction indicated by an arrow mark E, with the force catching second portions  32   c R and  32   c L of the development unit  4  remaining in contact with the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L, respectively, which are in the third position in which they project beyond the farthest portions of the peripheral edges of the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L from the axial line of the drive shaft  43 , the development unit  4  is further pivoted from the position in which only the development roller  25  has been separated from the photosensitive drum  1 . As a result, the charge roller  2  is separated from the photosensitive drum  1 . When the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are in the third position, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are not in contact with the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, respectively. Therefore, as long as the cartridge  7  is kept in the above described condition, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, and the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L do not sustain damage, even if the cartridge  7  is transported in the apparatus main assembly  100 . The separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L remain in contact with the force catching second portions  32   c R and  32   c L, respectively. However, the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are provided to be used only when the cartridge  7  is transported in the apparatus main assembly  100 . Therefore, allowing the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L to be in contact with the force catching second portions  32   c R and  32   c L does not create any problem.  
         [0058]     To more concretely describe this subject, referring to  FIG. 4 ( a ), the photosensitive member unit  26  is provided with a lever  40 R, which is attached to the photosensitive member unit  26 , with the a shaft  27   b R, which is an integral part of the cleaning means frame  27  of the photosensitive member unit  26 , inserted in the hole  40   a R of the lever  40 R, so that the lever  40 R is allowed to rotate about the shaft  27   b.    
         [0059]     A shaft  39   a R which is an integral part of the charge roller separating member  39 R, is rotatably fitted in the lever attachment hole  40   b R of the member  40 R. In the charge roller attachment hole  39   b R, with which the charge roller separating member  39 R is provided, the shaft  2   j  of the charge roller  2  is inserted.  
         [0060]     Incidentally, in  FIG. 4 , only one of the lengthwise ends of the cartridge  7  is shown, although the other lengthwise end of the cartridge  7  is also provided with a lever ( 40 L) and a charge roller separating member ( 39 L), which are similar to the lever  40 R and charge roller separating member  39 R, and are similarly attached thereto.  
         [0061]     In  FIG. 4 ( a ), the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R of the separation causing member  8 R is in contact with the force catching second portion  32   c R of the side cover  32 R. When the cartridge  7  is in this condition, the development unit  4  is allowed to pivotally move relative to the photosensitive member unit  26 ; it is allowed to pivot about the shaft  37 R put through the hole  32   b R. Thus, as the separation causing member  8 R is rotated while the cartridge  7  is in this condition, a pressure applying portion  32   d R, which is an integral part of the side cover  32 R of the development unit  4 , pushes upward the lever  40 R, as a part of the charge roller moving mechanism, which is connected to the charge roller separating member  39 R. As a result, the lever  40 R is rotated about the shaft  27   b R in the direction indicated by an arrow mark J, being thereby caused to pull the charge roller separating member  39 R in the direction indicated by an arrow mark G. Therefore, the charge roller  2  is separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0062]     Hereinafter, the angle by which the development unit  4  is pivotally moved to separate the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1  by causing the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R to push up the force catching second portion  32   c R will be referred to as the first angle, whereas the angle by which the development unit  4  is pivotally moved to separate the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1  by causing the separation causing member  8 R to push up the force catching first portion  32   a R will be referred to as the second angle. As described above, the first angle is greater than the second angle. Therefore, as the charge roller  2  is separated from the photosensitive drum  1 , the development roller  25  is also separated from the photosensitive drum  1  (second state of separation).  
         [0063]     Regarding the condition in which the image forming apparatus in this embodiment is shipped, the cartridge  7  is shipped in the apparatus main assembly  100 , being kept in the second state of separation, shown in  FIG. 4 ( a ), in which the charge roller  2  and development roller  25  are not in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 . Mounting the cartridge  7  into the apparatus main assembly  100  of the image forming apparatus before placing the cartridge  7  and main assembly  100  into the same box for shipment can reduce the image forming apparatus in the amount of packaging supplies and the space required for the shipment. Further, in the case of the cartridge  7  in this embodiment, neither the development roller  25  nor the charge roller  2  remains pressed upon the photosensitive drum  1 . Therefore, even if the length of time the cartridge  7  is kept in storage prior to its shipment is substantial, no deformation occurs to these rollers  25  and  2 , and further, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, and the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, do not sustain damage; it does not occur that they are damaged by impacts which occur while image forming apparatus is transported.  
         [0064]     As the the image forming apparatus is used for the first time after its shipment, the above described separation causing means is activated, causing the separation causing member  8 R to rotate about the drive shaft  43  in the direction indicated by the arrow mark E. As a result, the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R is rotated about the shaft  42   a R in the direction indicated by an arrow mark F, disengaging itself from the force catching second portion  32   c R.  
         [0065]     As the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R is rotated as described above, it rotates into the area on the inward side of the peripheral edge  8   b  of the separation causing member  8 R. Through the above described process, the development unit  4  pivotally moves relative to the photosensitive member unit  26  (it pivots about the shaft  37 R in the hole  32   b R), causing thereby the force catching first portion  32   a R of the frame portion  32 R to come into contact with the peripheral edge  8   g  of the separation causing member  8 R.  
         [0066]     Also during the above described process, the pressure applying portion  32   d R is caused to move away from the lever  40 R. As a result, the force which was pulling the charge roller separating member  39 R in the direction indicated by the arrow mark G is eliminated, allowing the charge roller separating member  39 R to be moved in the direction indicated by the arrow mark H by the force from a charge roller pressing member  46  ( FIG. 2 ) for pressing the charge roller  2  upon the photosensitive drum  1 . Consequently, the charge roller  2  comes into contact with the photosensitive drum  1 . At this point in time, in the apparatus main assembly  100 , the development roller  25  still remains separated from the photosensitive drum  1 ; the cartridge  7  is in the first state of separation.  
         [0067]     Thereafter, the development roller  25  can be placed in contact with, or moved further away from, the photosensitive drum  1  by rotating the separation causing member  8 R. The separation causing member  8 R, separation causing auxiliary member  42 R and force catching second portion  32   c R are structured so that once the development roller  25  and charge roller  2  are allowed to come into contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R never returns to the third position in which it remains in contact with the force catching second portion  32   c R, even if the separation causing member  8 R is further rotated. For example, a spring or the like for keeping the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R pressed in a specific direction may be provided to prevented separation causing auxiliary member  42 R from returning to the third position.  
         [0068]     After the apparatus main assembly  100  begins to be used (for image formation), the charge roller  2  remains in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 . However, the development roller  25  can be kept separated from the photosensitive drum  1  as fits. That is, the service life of the development roller  25  can be extended by keeping the development roller  25  separated from the photosensitive drum  1  while the development roller  25  is not involved in an image forming operation. The angle (second angle) by which the development unit  4  is to be pivotally moved relative to the photosensitive member unit  26  to place the development roller  25  in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , or to separate from the photosensitive drum  1 , is smaller than the angle (first angle) by which the development unit  4  is to be moved relative to the photosensitive member unit  26  to separate the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1 . In other words, referring to FIGS.  4 ( a ) and  4 ( b ), the angle a between line L 1  connecting the axial line of the shaft  37 R and the axial line of the photosensitive member unit  26 , and line L 2  connecting the axial line of the shaft  37 R and the axial line of the development roller  25 , is smaller when the cartridge  7  is in the first state of separation than when the cartridge  7  is in the second state of separation. Therefore, the development roller  25  can be smoothly placed in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , or can be smoothly separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0069]     In order to ensure that the charge roller  2  is separated from the photosensitive drum  1  across the entire lengthwise range of the charge roller  2 , the above described lever, charge roller separating member, etc., are also located at the other lengthwise end of the charge roller  2 , and are made to move in the same manner as the above described lever, charge roller separating member, etc., are made to move.  
         [0070]     As described above, the angle (first angle) by which the development unit  4  is made to pivotally move in order to separate the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1  by causing the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R to push up the force catching second portion  32   c R is greater than the angle (second angle) by which the development unit  4  is made to pivotally move in order to separate the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1  by causing the separation causing member  8 R to push up the force catching first portion  32   a R. Therefore, the charge roller  2  can be separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0071]     Also as described above, when the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are in the third position, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are not in contact with the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L. Thus, as long as the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are kept in the third position, not only the photosensitive drum  1  and development roller  25 , but also, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L and the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, can be protected from the shocks or the like which occur while the cartridge  7  is transported, even if the cartridge  7  is transported in the apparatus main assembly  100 .  
         [0072]     Further, the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L for keeping the charge roller  2  separated from the photosensitive drum  1 , and the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L for separating and keeping separated the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1 , are provided on the main assembly side of the image forming apparatus, whereas the force catching first and second portions are provided on the cartridge side, more specifically, the development unit side of the cartridge  7 , so that they correspond in position to the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L and the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L, and also, so that the force catching first and second portions are rendered independent from each other in terms of the force application thereto. Therefore, the separation of the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1  and the separation of the development roller  25  can be controlled independently from each other to ensure that the charge roller  2  and development roller  25  are separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0073]     Further, when shipping (or simply transporting) the apparatus main assembly  100 , with the cartridge  7  mounted in the apparatus main assembly  100 , not only the development roller  25  but also the charge roller  2  can be kept separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0074]     Thus, even if the cartridge  7  and apparatus main assembly  100  are shipped in the same box, with the cartridge  7  mounted in the apparatus main assembly  100 , the abovementioned components are not going to be deformed, making it therefore possible to provide an image forming apparatus of the plug-and-play type, that is, an image forming apparatus which can be readied for use simply by being connected to an electric power source.  
       Embodiment 2  
       [0075]     Next, referring to  FIGS. 5 and 6 , the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. The basic structures of the apparatuses in this embodiments are the same as those in the above described first embodiment, and therefore, will not be described to avoid repetition. Hereafter, therefore, only the structural features which characterize this embodiment will be described. Further, the components in this embodiment, which are the same in function as those in the above described embodiment will be given the same referential symbols as those given to the components in the preceding embodiments.  
         [0076]     What makes this embodiment different from the first embodiment is that an separation causing auxiliary member retaining means for retaining the separation causing auxiliary member in the fourth position once the separation causing auxiliary member is moved into the fourth position is provided.  
         [0077]     To describe more concretely the separation causing auxiliary member retaining means, the separation causing auxiliary members  42  ( 42 R and  42 L) are also rotatably attached to the separation causing members  8  ( 8 R and  8 L), respectively. Further, the separation causing auxiliary member  42  and separation causing members  8  are designed so that the separation causing auxiliary member  42  is enabled to assume the third position in which they project beyond the portion of the peripheral edge of the corresponding separation causing member  8 , which is farthest from the axial line of the separation causing member drive shaft  43 , and the fourth position in which they do not project from the abovementioned portion of the peripheral edge of the corresponding separation causing member  8 .  
         [0078]     The separation causing member  8 R ( 8 L) is provided with a rotation control rib  8   h R ( 8   h L) which prevents the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R ( 42 L) from rotating in the clockwise direction in  FIG. 5 . That is, it is the same direction as the direction in which the cartridge  7  is mounted into the apparatus main assembly  100  that the separation causing auxiliary member  42  is prevented from rotating. Therefore, the cartridge  7  can be mounted into the apparatus main assembly  100  to transport the apparatus main assembly  100  and cartridge  7 , with the cartridge  7  mounted in the apparatus main assembly  100 . As the separation causing auxiliary member  42  is moved into the third position, the development unit  4  of the cartridge  7  is pushed upward from the position in which the development roller  25  and charge roller  2  are in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , causing the development roller  25  and charge roller  2  to separate from the photosensitive drum  1 ; when the separation causing auxiliary member  42  is in the third position, the development roller  25  and charge roller  2  are kept separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0079]     Between when the image forming apparatus is turned on for the first time after it was delivered to a user, and when a printing operation is performed for the first time, driving force is transmitted from the main motor (unshown) of the apparatus main assembly  100  to the separation causing member drive shaft  43 , causing the separation causing member  8  to rotate in the direction indicated by the arrow mark E in  FIG. 5 ( b ). As a result, the separation causing auxiliary member  42  comes into contact with an additional regulating member  50  disposed in the apparatus main assembly  100 , being thereby caused to rotate in the direction indicated by an arrow mark F in  FIG. 5 ( b ). Consequently, the an elastic locking member  51 , with which the separation causing auxiliary member  42  is provided, is caused to elastically latch onto a claw-shaped projection  52 , with which the separation causing member  8  is provided, fixing in attitude the separation causing auxiliary member  42 .  
         [0080]     In other words, as the separation causing auxiliary member  42  is moved into the fourth position, it is locked in the fourth position by the projection  52  as a means for retaining the separation causing auxiliary member. With the employment of the above described structural arrangement, once the charge roller  2  is allowed to come into contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , by the movement of the separation causing means, the separation causing auxiliary member  42  will never move back into the third position, that is, it does not act on the force catching second portion  32  ( 32   c R and  32   c L), even if the separation causing member  8  is rotated an additional full turn.  
         [0081]     Thereafter, therefore, it does not occur that as the separation causing member  8  is rotated to place the development roller  25  in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , or to separate the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1 , the charge roller  2  becomes separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0082]     Incidentally, the locking member  51  for locking the separation causing auxiliary member  42 , which remains in the above described place while assuming the separation causing auxiliary member retaining attitude by being locked with the claw-shaped projection  52  of the separation causing member  8 , is elastic. Therefore, it is easy to manually return the separation causing auxiliary member  42  to the third position. Thus, when the image forming apparatus is going to be left unused for a substantial length of time or in the like situation, the separation causing auxiliary members  42  can be manually moved back into the third position to put the cartridge  7  in the second state of separation to prevent the elastic layer of the development roller  25  and the elastic layer of the charge roller  2  from being irreversibly deformed. Obviously, even after the separation causing auxiliary members  42  is manually moved back into the third position, the charge roller  2  can be made to automatically come into contact with the photosensitive drum  1 , by rotating the separation causing member  8 , when it is necessary to use the image forming apparatus again.  
         [0083]     When the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are in the third position, the separation causing members  8 A and  8 L are not in contact with the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, as they are in the first embodiment. Therefore, as long as the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are kept in the third position, not only the photosensitive drum  1  and development roller  25 , but also, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L and force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L can be protected from the shocks or the like which occur during the shipment of the image forming apparatus.  
       Embodiment 3  
       [0084]     Next, referring to  FIGS. 7 and 8 , the apparatuses in the third embodiment will be described. The basic structures of the apparatuses in this embodiment are the same as those in the above described first embodiment, and therefore, will not be described to avoid repetition. Hereafter, therefore, only the structural features which characterize this embodiment will be described. Further, the components in this embodiment, which are the same in function as those in the above described embodiments will be given the same referential symbols as those given to the components in the preceding embodiments.  
         [0085]     In the first embodiment described above, the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L were rotatably attached to the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, respectively. However, the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L in this embodiment are rendered independent from the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L. More specifically, referring to  FIG. 7 ( a ), also in this embodiment, the apparatus main assembly  100  is provided with a pair of separation causing members  8 R and  8 L for separating and keeping separated the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1 , and a pair of separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L for keeping the charge roller  2  separated from the photosensitive drum  1 . In this embodiment, however, they are L-shaped in cross section. As the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are moved in the direction indicated by an arrow mark L, they come into contact with, and push, the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, respectively, with which the side covers  32 R and  32 L of the development unit  4 . As a result, the development unit  4  is pivotally moved relative to the photosensitive member unit  26 ; it is made to pivot about the shaft  37 . Consequently, the development roller  25  is separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0086]     In  FIG. 7 ( a ), the state of the cartridge  7 , which has been realized because the development unit  4  has been further pivoted from the position in which only the development roller  25  had been separated from the photosensitive drum  1  as the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L had come in contact with the force catching second portions  32   c R and  32   c L of the development unit  4 , and pushed them. In other words,  FIG. 7 ( a ) shows the second state of separation of the cartridge  7 , that is, the state of separation in which neither the development roller  25  nor charge roller  2  is in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0087]     To describe in more detail the positional relationship among the components for separating and keeping separated the development roller  25  and/or charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1 , referring to  FIG. 7 ( b ), the force catching first portion  32   a R located at one of the lengthwise ends of the cartridge  7  is positioned so that it opposes the separation causing member  8 R, and the force catching second portion  32   c R is positioned so that it opposes the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R. In other words, the force catching second portion  32   c R and force catching first portion  32   a R are positioned so that they are different in position in terms of the axial direction of the photosensitive drum. As for the force catching second and first portions  32   c L and  32   a L, respectively, located at the other lengthwise end of the cartridge  7 , they are also rendered different in position in terms of the axial direction of the photosensitive drum as are their above described counterparts on the opposite lengthwise end of the cartridge  7 .  
         [0088]     Described next will be the separation of the charge roller from the photosensitive drum. Referring to  FIG. 8 ( a ) in which the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R is in contact with the force catching second portion  32   c R of the side cover  32 R. The development unit  4  has pivotally moved relative to the photosensitive member unit  26 ; it has pivoted about the shaft  37 R in the hole  32 B of the development unit  4 , having thereby caused the pressing portion  32   d R which is an integral part of the side cover  32 R of the development unit  4  to push up the lever  40 R connected to the charge roller separating member  39 R. As a result, the lever  40 R has rotated in the direction indicated by an arrow mark J about the shaft  27   b R in the hole  40   a R. Consequently, the charge roller separating member  39 R has been pulled in the direction indicated by an arrow mark G, separating thereby the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1 , that is, placing the cartridge  7  in the second state of separation, in which the development roller  25  has already been separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0089]     Regarding the condition in which the image forming apparatus in this embodiment is shipped, the cartridge  7  is shipped in the apparatus main assembly  100 , being kept in the state of separation, shown in  FIG. 4 ( a ), in which the charge roller  2  is kept separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0090]     As the the image forming apparatus is used for the first time after its shipment, the separation causing auxiliary member  42 R moves in the direction indicated by the arrow mark M in  FIG. 8 , separating from the force catching second portion  32   c R. As a result, the development unit  4  pivotally moves about the shaft  37 R in the hole  32   b R; it moves relative to the photosensitive member unit  26 . Consequently, the force catching portion  32   a R of the side cover  32 R comes into contact with the separation causing member  8 R, and also, the pressing portion  32   d R separates from the lever  40 R, eliminating the force which was acting in the direction to pull the charger roller separating member  39 R in the direction indicated by the arrow mark G. Therefore, the charge roller separating member  39 R is pulled in the direction indicated by the arrow mark H by the force generated by the unshown charging member pressing compression spring for keeping the charge roller  2  upon the photosensitive drum  1 . Consequently, the charge roller  2  is pressed upon the photosensitive drum  1 . Therefore, between when the image forming apparatus is turned on for the first time after it was delivered to a user, and when a printing operation is performed for the first time, only the development roller  25  is not in contact with the photosensitive drum  1 ; the cartridge  7  is in the first state of separation.  
         [0091]     As described above, when the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are in the third position, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L are not in contact with the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, respectively. Therefore, even if the cartridge  7  is transported in the apparatus main assembly  100 , as long as the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L are kept in the third position, not only the photosensitive drum  1  and development roller  25 , but also, the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L and the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, can be protected from the shocks or the like which occur while the cartridge  7  is transported.  
         [0092]     Further, the apparatus main assembly  100  is provided with the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L for keeping the charge roller  2  separated from the photosensitive drum  1 , and the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L for separating and keeping separated the development roller  25  from the photosensitive drum  1 , and the development unit  4  of the cartridge  7  is provided with the force catching second portions  32   c R and  32   c L and the force catching first portions  32   a R and  32   a L, which are disposed so that they correspond in position to the separation causing auxiliary members  42 R and  42 L and the separation causing members  8 R and  8 L, respectively, and also, so that the force catching first and second portions are rendered independent from each other in terms of the force applied thereto. Therefore, the separation of the charge roller  2  from the photosensitive drum  1  and the separation of the development roller  25  can be controlled independently from each other to ensure that the charge roller  2  and development roller  25  are separated from the photosensitive drum  1  as fits. Further, when shipping (or simply transporting) the apparatus main assembly  100  in the same box, with the cartridge  7  mounted in the apparatus main assembly  100 , not only the development roller  25  but also the charge roller  2  can be separated from the photosensitive drum  1 .  
         [0093]     Thus, even if the cartridge  7  and apparatus main assembly  100  are shipped in the same box, with the cartridge  7  mounted in the apparatus main assembly  100 , the abovementioned components are not going to be deformed, making it therefore possible to provide an image forming apparatus of the plug-and-play type, that is, an image forming apparatus which can be readied for use simply by being connected to an electric power source, without employing a complicated structural arrangement.  
         [0094]     The present invention can protect the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, development roller, and force catching first portions and first retaining member for separating the development roller from the electrophotographic photosensitive drum, while an electrophotographic image forming apparatus is transported, with a process cartridge mounted in the image forming apparatus main assembly.  
         [0095]     The present invention can protect the electrophotographic photosensitive drum and development roller of a process cartridge, when the image forming apparatus is transported with the process cartridge mounted in the apparatus main assembly.  
         [0096]     The present invention makes it possible to transport an image forming apparatus, with a process cartridge mounted in the apparatus main assembly, without increasing the apparatus in size. Therefore, not only can the present invention reduce an electrophotographic image forming apparatus in the cost of the material for packaging the apparatus for transportation, but also, it can improve the apparatus in transportation efficiency.  
         [0097]     The present invention makes it possible for the charge roller and development roller of a process cartridge to be quickly, reliably, and individually separated from the photosensitive drum of the process cartridge, while the process cartridge is in the electrophotographic image forming apparatus main assembly.  
         [0098]     Further, the present invention makes it possible for the charging member in a process cartridge to be separated from the photosensitive drum in the process cartridge, even when the process cartridge is in the main assembly of an electrophotographic image forming apparatus.  
         [0099]     While the invention has been described with reference to the structures disclosed herein, it is not confined to the details set forth, and this application is intended to cover such modifications or changes as may come within the purposes of the improvements or the scope of the following claims.  
         [0100]     This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 078770/2005 filed Mar. 18, 2005 which is hereby incorporated by reference.