Abstract:
A light curtain repeater system and method of operation would include a light receiving array and a light emitting array, and may also contain an optional received light intensity indicator and/or a method to extend the separation of the receiving and emitting arrays.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE  
         [0001]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,302,942 April, 1994 Blau  
         BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0003]    Described in this invention is a device(s), which is utilized with existing or new installations of light curtains. This may include, but, is not limited to the following; safety light curtains, area sensors, security arrays or any other single or multiple light beam device consisting of a separate emitter and receiver assembly for the purpose of detecting a person or an object. An example of one type of system, is a “safety light curtain”, these are used as a means of guarding hazardous industrial equipment by detecting the presence of a human or part of a human body and issuing a stop command to halt the operation of the machine.  
           [0004]    2. Description of Related Art  
           [0005]    The following descriptions deal mainly with, but are not limited to, safety light curtains. The concept of this idea can be applied to any single or multiple light beam emitter and receiver array.  
           [0006]    [0006]FIG. 1, a light curtain consists mainly of the following parts; 2 columns, a control system which, may or may not be integrated into one of the columns. The first column  10  consists of a single or an array of light emitting element(s)  11 , the second column  20  consists of a single or an array of light receiving element(s)  21  which are synchronized together by an optical or non-optical means  22 . The control system or central processing unit(s), usually located in the receiving unit  20  or in a separate box, controls which light emitting element turns ON and confirms if the light  12  has been received by the respective light receiving element. If not received, then the outputs of the light curtain turn OFF in order to issue a stop command to the machine of which it is connected. This is the basic idea behind the functionality of most of these types of devices. Because of the many different manufacturers, schemes may vary from curtain to curtain in exactly how they function. One feature of a safety light curtain is that they have to be unaffected by ambient light, if they become affected, then they must automatically shutdown and go into a “lock-out” mode until the problem is remedied and the unit is reset.  
           [0007]    There are currently two types of safety light curtains: Type 2 and Type 4 (as per IEC 61496-1) they are used in different categories of safety (Categories B, 1, 2, 3 and 4 as per EN954). The category used depends upon various factors taken into consideration during a risk assessment, EN1050 is an example of a standard which could be used. Some of these factors are; severity of injury, frequency of exposure and possibility of avoidance of the hazard. Once a category has been chosen, the appropriate “type” of products can be applied to the design of the overall safety system.  
           [0008]    Beam divergence in type  4  safety light curtains must be no more than +/−2.5 degrees over the rated operating range of the device (as per IEC 61496-2), beam divergence in type 2 safety light curtains is +/−5 degrees.  
           [0009]    Beam spacing and reaction time will determine how close the safety light curtain can be mounted to the hazardous part of a machine of which you are trying to guard. For example, if the safety light curtain has a beam spacing of 10 mm, the minimum detectable object size would be approximately 15 mm (roughly equivalent to the diameter of a human finger), therefore, if it can detect a finger going into its&#39; field. This means it can be mounted closer to the hazard than a safety light curtain with a larger beam spacing, which may have a minimum detectable object size of 25 mm or 30 mm which would only be able to detect the thickness of your hand. These “minimum detectable object” sizes have been compiled by numerous studies and are outlined in standards like prEN999.  
           [0010]    In some applications a single pair of safety light curtains is used to surround a machine or area through the use of mirrors. Mirrors are used to bounce the light from the emitter array around a corner or multiple corners to its respective detector array. However the mirrors used in these applications are flawed and a de-rating factor must be applied due to losses in the reflective surface, typically this value is around 12%.  
           [0011]    Some of the main reasons for not using multiple sets of safety light curtains are cost of the units, mounting, set-up and wiring. When using mirrors, alignment is the main downfall; skew, pitch and tilt of each column and mirror compound misalignment.  
         OBJECTS AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0012]    The object of this invention is to provide a means of repeating the light signal within a new or existing light curtain system for the purpose of angling the light around a corner or to extend the effective range of a fixed system.  
           [0013]    Herein is described 3 main embodiments of this invention, the first of which is a basic configuration where the repeater system is divided into 2 columns, a receiver and emitter located within close proximity of each other. Each detecting element would be parallel connected to its&#39; respective emitting element in a one to one configuration. The array of detecting and emitting element(s) could have the similar optical and/or electrical characteristics as the light curtain of which it is being used with. For example; beam spacing or pitch, beam divergence, light intensity, receiver sensitivity, etc. . . .  
           [0014]    The second embodiment would contain all of the same characteristics as the first with the addition of a received light intensity indicator. The received light, once converted to an electrical signal would be represented audibly and/or displayed visually, i.e. bar graph, numeric display, mechanical meter movement, or any other type of display device. The display would aid in the alignment and positioning of the repeater and light curtain system.  
           [0015]    The third embodiment would contain all of the same characteristics as the first and/or second. This embodiment would allow the receiver and emitter columns of the repeater to be separated over greater distances. Each element in the receiver column would be united at a common point; the receiver and emitter column would have a communication link between them. When an element is receiving light, the information is collected by the receiver column and is sent over the communication link to a common point in the emitter column that would then turn on the corresponding light emitting element.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 is a typical safety light curtain system consisting of an emitter and receiver where the control system is contained within the receiver column.  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 2 shows a safety light curtain system with the first embodiment of a repeater inserted between the emitter and receiver columns.  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 3 shows a safety light curtain system with the second embodiment of a repeater inserted between the emitter and receiver columns. The repeater contains a received light intensity display.  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 4 shows a safety light curtain system with the third embodiment of a repeater inserted between the emitter and detector columns. The repeater contains a received light intensity display and a method of providing a larger separation between the receiver and emitting columns of the repeater. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0020]    [0020]FIG. 1, a light curtain consists of 2 columns and could have a control system which, may or may not be integrated into one of the columns. The first column  10  consists of a single or an array of light emitting element(s)  11 , the second column  20  consists of a single or an array of light receiving element(s)  21  which are could be synchronized together by an optical or non-optical means  22 . The control system or central processing unit(s), usually located in the receiving unit  20  or in a separate box, controls which light emitting element turns ON and confirms if the light  12  has been received by the respective light receiving element. If not received, then the outputs of the light curtain turn OFF in order to issue a stop command to the machine of which it is connected.  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 2, outlines the underlying concept of the patent, where a repeater(s) is inserted between the emitter  10  and receiver  20  of a light curtain. The light  12  from the emitter  10  of the light curtain is intercepted into a single or an array of detecting element(s)  31  that have similar characteristics as the receiving element(s)  21  which are located in the receiver column  20  of the safety light curtain. The light  12  received by the repeater receiver  30  is transformed into an electrical signal which is then compared to a reference value by the electronic circuit  32 . If the electrical signal is above a predetermined threshold then the electronic circuit  32  turns on the corresponding emitting element  41  in the emitter column  40  of the repeater. The emitter element  41  sends light  42  to the receiving array  20  of the safety light curtain pair.  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 3, illustrates the addition of a received light intensity indicator  34  to the repeater. The electronic circuit  33  collects and processes the electrical information from the electronic circuit(s)  32 , the information is then presented on the received light intensity indicator  34 .  
         [0023]    The electronic circuit  32  in FIG. 2 did a comparison of the received light intensity information versus a reference value. In addition to this function, the circuit provides an electrical value of the level of received light. The electronic circuit  33  would then mathematically compile the information and present it in an audible or visual form through the indicator  34 .  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 4, in addition to the aforementioned provisions of the light repeating device and received light intensity indicator is a scheme to extend the physical separation of the receiving and emitting arrays. The information collected by the electronic circuit  33  is connected by a communications link to the emitting array  40 . The communication link  35  terminates at electronic circuit  43 , which then activates the corresponding emitting element  41  contained in emitter column  40 .  
         [0025]    One other possible consideration would involve the synchronization of the repeater with the light curtain. Simple light curtain systems do not have emitter and receiver synchronization and therefore this would not apply. However, in light curtain systems with a communication link between them the repeater could be connected to the link in order to provide it with timing and/or enabling with respect to when a receiving and/or emitting element turns on and off. Another possibility would include the light curtain system to control the repeater as an integral part of its&#39; system, instead of the repeater being connected to the communications links as a listening device, it would interface the to the system in order to send and receive information.