Abstract:
A tubing connector for synthetic or composite tubing includes an integral crimp ring. The crimp ring permitting the tubing connector to be rotated in the tubing after the crimp ring is crimped. The integral crimp ring simplifies and facilitates installation of the tubing connector and ensures accurate crimping for more consistent results and fewer leaky connections. A reaming tool enlarges and bevels the open end of the tubing to facilitate the insertion of the tubing connector into the tubing. The reaming tool has a guide screw so that the open end of the tubing is automatically drawn towards cutters on the tool when the guide screw is rotated in the tubing. The advantage is a perfect bevel and an accurate expansion with very little effort.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This is the first application filed for the present invention. 
     MICROFICHE APPENDIX 
     Not Applicable. 
     TECHNICAL FIELD 
     This invention relates to tubing coupling devices and, more particularly, to a tubing connector for expediting coupling of a tubing used in pressurized fluid systems. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In the plumbing industry, tubing made from polymer or composites is gaining acceptance and the applications for such tubing have been developing rapidly. Synthetic tubings are made from cross-linked polyethylene, for example, and are used for water distribution systems. Composite tubing is a multi-layer tubing which generally consists of an inner layer of a plastic material, an intermediate layer of aluminium alloy and an outer layer of a plastic material. Composite tubing provides the advantages of both metal and plastics and is used for a wide range of applications because of its flexibility and strength, especially its resistance to rupture when subject ed to relatively high temperature and pressure. Multi-purpose composite pressure tubing can be used both indoors and outdoors, cast in concrete, concealed in walls, floors and ceilings or surface mounted. It can be used for hot and cold water distribution, under surface floor heating, ice melt systems for sidewalks and driveways, air conditioning systems, compressed air and industrial process piping. Composite tubing is available, for example, from IPEX, which produces tubing (KITEC®) consisting of aluminium tubing laminated between two layers of polyethylene. To produce this tubing, an aluminium strip is formed, overlapped and then ultrasonically welded. Layers of a polyethylene are then applied with adhesive to form a bond with the aluminium tubing. The result is a tubing that does not rust, corrode or tuberculate. Couplings for synthetic and composite tubing are commercially available. 
     U.S. Pat. No. 6,095,571, entitled TUBING CONNECTOR which issued on Aug. 1, 2000, Applicant describes a tubing connector for use with synthetic and composite tubing. Elastic seal rings are supported in grooves in an external periphery of a connector portion of the tubing connector. Each of the grooves has a depth that approximates a thickness of the seal ring and a width greater than the width of the seal ring. When the connector portion is inserted in the tubing and radial pressure is exerted on the tubing by a crimp ring, the plastic in an inner periphery of the tubing intrudes into each annular groove and further compresses the seal ring inwardly in the groove. The remainder of the tubing overlapped by the crimp ring is compressed tightly around the external periphery of the connector portion. 
     In the prior art, crimp rings are a separate component of the tubing connector. Consequently, the crimp rings are sold separately and it is not always clear as to which crimp ring is suitable for a particular connector. Furthermore, when a tubing connector is being installed the crimp ring is first slid over the end of the tubing and then the tubing connector is inserted into an end of the tubing. While the tubing connector is inserted into the end of the tubing, the crimp ring, if not restrained, is able to move freely along the tubing. This may cause some inconvenience, particularly when a connector is applied to a long run of vertically oriented tubing. Besides having to hold the crimp ring while inserting the tubing, it is also necessary to hold the crimp ring while the crimping tool is positioned. If space is limited around the tubing, this may be difficult to do. In many situations it is also difficult to ensure that the crimp ring is in an optional location when it is crimped. This is generally due to the fact that visibility or access to the tubing is restricted by surrounding structure. If the crimp ring is not crimped at the optional location over the connector, the connection may break. There therefore exists a need for an improved tubing connector that facilitates installation. 
     In order to facilitate the insertion of a tubing connector into the end of a composite tubing, a reaming tool is usually used to enlarge and bevel the end of the tubing. Prior art reaming tools generally include an elongated shaft that carries cutters for bevelling an inside end of the tubing. Each cutter has a cutting edge oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to the central axis of the elongated shaft. The shaft has a diameter slightly greater than an internal diameter of the tubing. One end of the shaft is tapered for easy insertion into the end of the tubing, and the other end is usually attached to a handle. When the tapered end of the shaft is inserted into the tubing, a user applies torque and axial pressure to force the reaming tool into the tubing. When the cutters reach the end of the tubing, rotation of the shaft causes the cutting edges to bevel the inner end of the tubing. Applying the axial pressure simultaneously with rotating the tool makes the reaming work difficult, especially if the tubing is wet or slipping. Consequently, there also exists a need for an improved reaming tool. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is therefore an object of the invention is to provide a tubing connector for a composite tubing that can be rapidly and accurately installed to provide a dependable fluid tight fitting. 
     Another object of the invention is to provide a tubing connector which has an integral crimp ring to facilitate the installation of the tubing connector. 
     Yet a further object of the invention is to provide a reaming tool for a composite tubing that is easy to use and reduces effort. 
     In accordance with one aspect of the invention, a tubing connector comprises a rigid tubular body having a fitting end, a cylindrical connector end, and a bore that extends from the fitting end to the connector end. A crimp ring is connected to the fitting end in a concentric relationship with the connector end to permit the tubing to be slid over the connector end under the crimp ring. The crimp ring is adapted to be compressed around the outer periphery of the end portion of the tubing. At least one opening extends radially through the crimp ring adjacent the fitting end to permit one end of the tubing to be seen in order to ensure that the tubing is completely inserted into an annulus between the connector end and the crimp ring. The crimp ring is made of a rigid deformable material, such as a copper alloy. 
     In accordance with a further aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing a tubing connector for a tubing having a plastic inner periphery comprising steps of forming a shoulder on a fitting end of the tubing connector; sliding a crimp ring over a connector end of the tubing connector and onto the shoulder; and connecting-the crimp ring to the shoulder so that an annulus for receiving the tubing is formed between the connector end and the crimp ring. 
     In accordance with a further aspect of the invention there is provided a reaming tool for enlarging and bevelling an open end of a tubing to facilitate insertion of the tubing connector into the tubing. The reaming tool comprises a shaft and at least one cutter attached to the shaft. The cutter has a cutting edge oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the shaft. A guide screw is attached to a free end of the shaft, and has an external surface adapted to enlarge the open end of the tubing and automatically draw the cutting edge towards the open end of the tubing when the shaft is rotated in one direction. 
     The guide screw is preferably a cylindrical body having a plurality of parallel spiral ridges on the external surface. The guide screw preferably has a diameter greater than a diameter of an internal diameter of the tubing so that the end of the tubing is slightly expanded as the guide screw enters the tubing. 
     The advantages of the tubing connector in accordance with the present invention relate to the integral crimp ring. With an integral crimp ring, shipping and handling are facilitated and there is no possibility of buying or using the wrong crimp ring for a given tubing connector. The integral crimp ring also facilitates installation of the tubing connector, especially when the tubing is not horizontally oriented, or space around the tubing is limited. The integral crimp ring also ensures that the crimp ring is optionally located over the connector end where it is crimped. A good fluid seal is thereby ensured. 
     The reaming tool in accordance with to the present invention advantageously reduces the labour associated with installation of the tubing connector because the user needs only to rotate the tool in order to enlarge and bevel the end of the tubing. Axial force is not required. 
     Other features and advantages of the present invention will be understood with reference to the description of the preferred embodiments which follows. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description, taken in combination with the appended drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is an elevational and exploded view of a tubing connector in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, showing a crimp ring detached from a tubular body of the tubing connector; 
     FIG. 2 is an elevational view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, showing the crimp ring is attached to the tubular body of the tubing connector for use; 
     FIG. 3 is a partial cross-sectional view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, illustrating in an enlarged scale the attachment of the crimp ring to the tubular body of the tubing connector; 
     FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the tubing connector installed in a tubing; 
     FIG. 5 is an elevational view of a reaming tool according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; 
     FIG. 6 is a bottom plan view of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5, with the handle of the tool removed, to illustrate the position of the cutters; and 
     FIG. 7 is a partial cross-sectional view of the reaming tool in a working condition. 
    
    
     It will be noted that throughout the appended drawings, like features are identified by like reference numerals. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     In FIGS. 1 through 3, the tubing connector in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, generally indicated by numeral  10 , comprises a rigid tubular connector  12  and an integral crimp ring  14 . The rigid tubular connector  12  preferably made of brass, has a fitting end  16  and a cylindrical connector end  18 . A bore  20  extends from connector end  18  to the fitting end  16 . At least one annular groove  22  is provided on an external periphery  24  of the connector end  18 . An elastic seal ring  26  is received in the at least one annular groove  22 . The seal ring  26  may be an O-ring as shown, or a thin flat band (not illustrated). The innermost section of the connector end  18  is tapered, as indicated by reference numeral  28 . The tapered section  28  facilitates insertion of the connector end  18  into a tubing. The connector end  18  preferably has annular regions  30  and  32  that one slightly recessed from the external periphery  24  to reduce the friction between the external periphery  24  of the connector end  18  and the tubing when the connector end is inserted into the tubing. 
     The fitting end  16  of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is cylindrical, but may have any shape required of a fitting. A shoulder  36  is formed between the fitting end  16  and the connector end  18 . The shoulder  36  has a diameter  34  that extends to an interface  40  between the shoulder  40  and the fitting  38 . As noted above, the fitting  38  may be any type of a fitting, such as a male or female adapter, a Tee, a 90° elbow or any other coupling. The shoulder  36  preferably includes at least one annular ridge  42  used to connect the crimp ring to the connector, as will be explained below. 
     The crimp ring  14  has an inner periphery  44  having a diameter that is slightly larger than a diameter  34  of the shoulder  36 . The crimp ring  14  is made of rigid deformable material, preferably a copper alloy. The crimp ring  14  may be connected to the connector  16  in one of two ways. In a first method, the crimp ring is manufactured so that the inner periphery  41  has a diameter,equal or slightly greater than that of the ridges  42 . The crimp ring  14  is slid over the shoulder  36  and then radially compressed. Because copper alloy is softer than brass, grooves  46  are formed in the inner periphery  44  as the crimp ring  14  is compressed over the ridges  42  (FIG.  3 ). Another.option is to machine the crimp ring with grooves  46  so that when the crimp ring  14  is forced onto the shoulder using axial pressure exerted by a press, or the like, the ridges  42  are received in the respective grooves  46 . The ridges  42  are preferably parallel so that the crimp ring  14  is rotatable with respect to the tubular body  12 , regardless of the manner in which the crimp ring is attached thereto. This permits the fitting end  16  to be rotated even after the crimp ring  14  is crimped, which may be required to reorient the fitting for any of a number of reasons that are well understood in the art. 
     An annular groove  50  is preferably provided on an external periphery  52  of the crimp ring  14 . The groove  50  is axially spaced apart from the first end  48 , and the axial space between the first end  48  and the groove  50  is substantially equal to the width of the shoulder  36 . The annular groove  50  reduces the rigidity of the connection between the first end  48  and a second end  54  of the crimp ring  14  so that the deformation at the second end  54  will be less impeded by the restraint of the first end  48  due to its attachment to the shoulder  36 . Openings  56  are preferably formed in the bottom of the annular groove  50 , only one of which is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. The openings  56  extend radially through the crimp ring. Preferably three or more openings  56  are equally and circumferentially spaced apart to enable an installer to determine when a tubing is properly seated on the connector, as will be explained below in more detail. 
     The tubing connector  10  is used in connection with a tubing  60  as shown in FIG.  4 . The tubing  60  may be a synthetic (cross-linked polyethylene) or a composite tubing (aluminum and cross-linked polyethylene). For the sake of example, a composite tubing is illustrated in FIG. 4 but it should be understood that any reference to tubing in this document includes both synthetic and composite tubings. The composite tubing includes an aluminium tubing  62  laminated between two layers of a thermoplastic  64 . The composite tubing is flexible and deformable but is less elastic than synthetic tubing of the same diameter, and therefore maintains its shape when bent or deformed. In order to install the tubing connector  10  in the tubing  60 , the end of the tubing  60  is inserted into the annulus formed between the external periphery  24  of the connector end  18  and the inner periphery  44  of the crimp ring  14  until the end of the tubing moves past the elastic seal ring  26  and stops at the shoulder  36 . The tapered end portion  28  of the connector end  18  helps guide the tubing onto the connector. The openings  56  provide windows to permit an installer to visually confirm that the tubing  60  is seated against the shoulder  36 . After the tubing  60  is inserted into the annulus of the tubing connector  10 , as shown in FIG. 4, the crimp ring  14  is crimped with a hand tool (not shown). The groove  50  helps to position the hand tool in an optional position for compressing the crimp ring. Radial pressure exerted by the hand tool, indicated by the arrows F, compresses the tubing between the crimp ring  14  and the connector end  18 . Since the position of the crimp ring  14  is fixed, with respect to the tubular connector  12 , an optional seal is ensured. 
     A reaming tool is preferably used to enlarge and bevel the end of the tubing to facilitate insertion of the tubing connector  10 . An improved reaming tool  70  in accordance with the invention is illustrated in FIGS. 5 through 7. The reaming tool, generally indicated by the reference numeral  70  includes a shaft  72 , a handle  74  attached to a top end of the shaft and a guide screw  76  coaxially mounted to a free end of the shaft  72 . The guide screw  76  is a cylindrical body with parallel spiral ridges  78  that protrude from an external surface  80  of the guide screw  76 . The number of spiral ridges is optional, but  4  or  5  have been determined to be adequate. A diameter of the guide screw  76  defined by the spiral ridges  78  is greater than the internal diameter of the tubing  60  so that when the guide screw  76  is inserted into the tubing  60  and rotated, frictional force between the spiral ridges  78  and the tubing  60  automatically draws the tool  70  into the tubing  60 . 
     A cutter head  82  which is generally cylindrical is attached to the shaft  72  above the guide screw  76  for supporting a plurality of cutters  84 . In the embodiment shown in FIG. 6, the cutter head  82  supports three cutters  84  that are equally and circumferentially spaced apart. Each of the cutters  84  has a cutting edge  86  oriented at a predetermined angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the shaft  72 . As the guide screw  76  draws the reaming tool  70  down into the tubing  60  and the end of the tubing reaches to the cutters  84 , the inner periphery of the end of the tubing  60  is bevelled by the cutting edge  86 , as shown in FIG.  7 . 
     The elongated handle  74  attached to the other end of the shaft  72  facilitates the rotation of the tool. However, other types of handle may be used for the same purpose. 
     The embodiments of the invention described above are intended to be exemplary only. The scope of the invention is therefore intended to be limited solely by the scope of the appended claims.