Abstract:
A method for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle, including the following: ascertaining a vehicle geometry and a maneuverability parameter of the vehicle, and selecting a parking position for the vehicle from a plurality of parking positions of a parking lot as a function of the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter. Also described is a corresponding device, a parking system, and a computer program.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION INFORMATION 
       [0001]    The present application claims priority to and the benefit of German patent application no. 10 2015 202 480.6, which was filed in Germany on Feb. 12, 2015, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference. 
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to a method and to a device for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle. The present invention further relates to a parking system for vehicles and to a computer program. 
       BACKGROUND INFORMATION 
       [0003]    The unexamined patent application DE 10 2012 222 562 A1 discusses a system for managed parking areas for transferring a vehicle from a starting position into a target position. 
         [0004]    In the case of fully automated (autonomous) so-called valet parking, a driver parks the vehicle in a drop-off spot, for example in front of a parking garage, and from there the vehicle drives itself into a parking position/parking space and back to the drop-off spot. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0005]    It is an object of the present invention to provide an efficient concept for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle which makes it possible to reduce a likelihood of collision with already parked vehicles and/or with a stationary infrastructure (for example, walls and/or columns) during an operation of the vehicle pulling into and/or out of a parking space. 
         [0006]    This object is achieved with the aid of the respective subject matter of the descriptions herein. Advantageous embodiments of the present invention are the subject matter of the respective further descriptions herein. 
         [0007]    According to one aspect, a method for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle is provided, including the following steps:
       ascertaining a vehicle geometry and a maneuverability parameter of the vehicle,   selecting a parking position for the vehicle from a plurality of parking positions in a parking lot as a function of the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter.       
 
         [0010]    According to still another aspect, a device for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle is provided, including:
       an ascertainment device for ascertaining a vehicle geometry and a maneuverability parameter of the vehicle, and   a selection device for selecting a parking position for the vehicle from a plurality of parking positions in a parking lot as a function of the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter.       
 
         [0013]    According to a further aspect, a parking system for vehicles is provided, the parking system including a parking lot having multiple parking positions, the parking system furthermore including the device for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle. 
         [0014]    According to another aspect, a computer program is provided, which includes program code for carrying out the method for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle if the computer program is executed on a computer. 
         [0015]    The present invention thus in particular and among other things includes the idea of selecting the parking position for the vehicle from a plurality of parking positions of a parking lot as a function of the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter. This in particular yields the technical advantage that an individually adapted parking position may be found for the vehicle. This means that it is possible, via the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter, to influence that parking position in which the vehicle is to be parked. As a result, not simply any arbitrary free parking position is selected for the vehicle as that parking position in which the vehicle is to be parked. Rather, a parking position which is adapted to the vehicle geometry and to the maneuverability parameter is selected for the vehicle. Due to the correspondingly efficiently adapted parking position for the vehicle, a likelihood of collision with already parked vehicles may advantageously be reduced during an operation of the vehicle pulling into and/or out of a parking space. 
         [0016]    A vehicle geometry in particular includes a length and/or a height and/or a width of the vehicle. This means that the ascertainment of the vehicle geometry includes the following: ascertaining a length and/or ascertaining a height and/or ascertaining a width of the vehicle. 
         [0017]    A maneuverability parameter in particular describes how maneuverable a vehicle is. A maneuverability parameter, for example, includes a turning circle of the vehicle and/or a maximum steering angle. In particular, it is provided that multiple maneuverability parameters are ascertained. 
         [0018]    A parking lot within the meaning of the present invention may also refer to a parking area and serves as a parking area for vehicles. The parking lot thus forms in particular a contiguous surface area which includes multiple parking spots (in the case of a parking lot on private property) or parking positions (in the case of a parking lot on public property). According to one specific embodiment, the parking lot may also include a parking garage. The parking lot in particular includes a garage. 
         [0019]    In another specific embodiment, it is provided that parking position is selected for the vehicle for which a maneuvering area for the vehicle when pulling into and/or out of a parking position is greater than or greater than or equal to a predetermined maneuvering area threshold value. In another specific embodiment, it is provided that parking position is selected for the vehicle for which a maneuvering area for the vehicle when pulling into and/or out of a parking position is maximized. 
         [0020]    This in particular yields the technical advantage that sufficient maneuvering area is available for the vehicle when pulling into and/or out of a parking space. The reason for this is that not every vehicle is equally maneuverable. There are vehicles, for example, which require a larger turning circle when pulling into and/or out of a parking space than other vehicles, for example. It may thus advantageously be ensured that an individual maneuvering area is made available specifically for the vehicle. This further reduces a likelihood of collision with already parked vehicles when the vehicle is pulling into or out of a parking space. 
         [0021]    In another specific embodiment, it is provided that parking position is selected for the vehicle for which a number of maneuvers required by the vehicle for pulling into and/or out of the parking position is less than or less than or equal to a predetermined maneuver threshold. In another specific embodiment, it is provided that parking position is selected for the vehicle for which a number of maneuvers required by the vehicle for pulling into and/or out of the parking position is minimized. 
         [0022]    This in particular yields the technical advantage that an operation of pulling into and/or out of a parking space may be carried out quickly and efficiently, provided it is ensured that only a number of maneuvers is carried out which is less than or equal to a predetermined maneuver threshold. A maneuver within the meaning of the present invention refers to a forward maneuver or a backward maneuver, which are carried out within the scope of pulling into and/or out of a parking space. For example, a maneuver may include driving forward or backing up. It may be necessary, for example, that a vehicle must drive forward and back up multiple times to pull into or out of a parking space, so that one instance of driving forward and one instance of backing up each correspond to a maneuver. If the vehicle, for example, has to drive forward once and then back up once to pull into or out of the parking space, this operation of pulling in and/or out requires two maneuvers. 
         [0023]    According to another specific embodiment, it is provided that parking position is selected for the vehicle which is situated directly adjoining a parking position which was already assigned to a further vehicle which, relative to the vehicle, is larger or smaller and/or less maneuverable or more maneuverable. 
         [0024]    This in particular yields the technical advantage that vehicles of differing sizes park directly next to each other. It is thus advantageously ensured that a larger vehicle is always parked next to a smaller vehicle. Since the smaller vehicle always takes up less space than the larger vehicle, the larger vehicle thus has a larger maneuvering area available in its immediate surroundings. 
         [0025]    In another specific embodiment, it is provided that the vehicle is classified as a large or as a small vehicle as a function of the vehicle geometry, the maneuverability parameter and one or multiple variables and/or one or multiple maneuverability threshold values, whereupon that parking position is selected for the vehicle which is situated directly adjoining a further parking position which was already assigned to a further vehicle, the further vehicle having been classified as a small vehicle as a function of its vehicle geometry, its maneuverability parameter and the one or the multiple threshold value(s) during a classification of the vehicle as a large vehicle, or having been classified as a large vehicle during a classification of the vehicle as a small vehicle. 
         [0026]    This in particular yields the technical advantage that it is possible to carry out a simple and efficiently structured size classification, the parking position then being selected based on this size classification. A vehicle is thus classified into one of two classes: “large” class and “small” class. It is advantageously ensured also in this specific embodiment that a large vehicle is always parked next to a small vehicle according to the classification. The large vehicle thus has a larger maneuvering area available compared to the case if it were parked next to another large vehicle. Due to its greater maneuverability, it is generally easier for the small vehicle to pull into or out of a parking space when a large vehicle is parked next to it than it is for a large and less maneuverable vehicle. 
         [0027]    According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that the ascertainment includes that the vehicle is detected by sensors. This in particular yields the technical advantage that it is possible to efficiently ascertain the configuration of the vehicle geometry. In particular, the detection by sensors includes measuring the vehicle by sensors. In particular, it is provided that a search for the vehicle geometry and/or for the maneuverability parameter is carried out in a database based on the detection by sensors. Such a database in particular includes previously established vehicle types having assigned vehicle geometries and maneuverability parameters. So if, based on the detection by sensors, a certain vehicle type or vehicle model is recognized, the corresponding parameters and the corresponding vehicle geometry may be easily and efficiently read out from the database. 
         [0028]    The detection by sensors is carried out using a sensor detection unit, for example. The sensor detection unit includes one or multiple of the following sensors, for example: ultrasonic sensor, laser sensor, LIDAR sensor, video sensor, and radar sensor. 
         [0029]    According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that the ascertainment includes that the vehicle geometry and/or the maneuverability parameter is/are received via a communication network. This in particular yields the technical advantage that the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter may also be ascertained without detection by sensors. In particular, the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter are received with the aid of the device. For example, the device includes a communication interface for this purpose, which is configured to receive the vehicle geometry and/or the maneuverability parameter via the communication network. For example, the vehicle itself transmits the vehicle geometry and/or the maneuverability parameter via the communication network to the device. 
         [0030]    According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that the communication network includes a WLAN network and/or a mobile communication network. 
         [0031]    According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that the communication via the communication network is and/or is being encrypted. 
         [0032]    According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that the vehicle is an autonomous and/or a remotely controllable vehicle, so that the vehicle is able to drive to the selected parking position partly autonomously and/or partly remotely controlled. 
         [0033]    This means that the vehicle is able to carry out so-called automatic valet parking. “Automatic valet parking” stands for an “automatic parking operation” here. Autonomously within the meaning of the present invention means in particular that the vehicle navigates or drives independently in the parking lot, i.e., without an intervention of a driver. The vehicle thus drives independently in the parking lot, without a driver having to steer the vehicle to do so. Such autonomous driving includes in particular an autonomous regulation or control of a transverse guidance and/or a longitudinal guidance of the vehicle. Autonomously within the meaning of the present invention in particular means that the vehicle is able to automatically, i.e., autonomously, pull into and/or out of a parking space, i.e., autonomously pull into the parking position or autonomously pull out of the parking position. Such an autonomously driving vehicle is referred to as an AVP vehicle, for example. Vehicles which do not have this AVP functionality are referred to as normal vehicles, for example. 
         [0034]    This means in particular that a parking position is ascertained for such AVP vehicles and/or for such remotely controllable vehicles according to the statements made above and below. Such a parking position may then be transmitted to the vehicle via the communication network. The vehicle is then driven autonomously to the parking position based on the received parking position. In particular, the vehicle is driven to the parking position remotely controlled. In particular, it is provided that a setpoint trajectory for the vehicle to the parking position is ascertained, which is provided to the vehicle via the communication network, for example. In this way, the vehicle may thus autonomously drive to the parking position, for example based on the setpoint trajectory. 
         [0035]    According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that the device for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle is configured to implement or carry out the method for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle. 
         [0036]    For example, the ascertainment device includes a communication interface which is configured to receive a vehicle geometry and a maneuverability parameter of the vehicle via a communication network. This means that the ascertainment of the vehicle geometry and of the maneuverability parameter includes a reception of the vehicle geometry and of the maneuverability parameter via the communication network. 
         [0037]    According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that the selection of the parking position is carried out as a function of a size (length and/or width and/or height) of the parking position. 
         [0038]    Specific embodiments with respect to the device are derived analogously from specific embodiments with respect to the method, and vice versa. This means that functionalities and technical features of the device are derived analogously from corresponding specific embodiments, functionalities and technical features with respect to the method, and vice versa. 
         [0039]    The present invention is described in greater detail hereafter based on the exemplary embodiments. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0040]      FIG. 1  shows a flow chart of a method for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle. 
           [0041]      FIG. 2  shows a device for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle. 
           [0042]      FIG. 3  shows a parking system for vehicles. 
           [0043]      FIG. 4  shows a further parking system for vehicles. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0044]      FIG. 1  shows a flow chart of a method for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle. 
         [0045]    According to a step  101 , a vehicle geometry and a maneuverability parameter of the vehicle are ascertained. In a step  103 , a parking position is selected for the vehicle from a plurality of parking positions of a parking lot. This takes place as a function of the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter. 
         [0046]      FIG. 2  shows a device  201  for ascertaining a parking position for a vehicle. 
         [0047]    Device  201  includes an ascertainment device  203  for ascertaining a vehicle geometry and a maneuverability parameter of the vehicle. Device  201  furthermore includes a selection device  205  for selecting a parking position for the vehicle from a plurality of parking positions of a parking lot as a function of the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter. 
         [0048]      FIG. 3  shows a parking system  301  for vehicles. 
         [0049]    Parking system  301  includes a parking lot  303 . Parking lot  303  includes multiple parking positions  305 . Parking system  301  furthermore includes device  201  from  FIG. 2 . 
         [0050]      FIG. 4  shows a further parking system  401  for vehicles. 
         [0051]    Parking system  401  includes a parking lot  403  having multiple parking positions  405 . Parking system  401  furthermore includes device  201  from  FIG. 2 . Vehicles  407 ,  409  are parked in parking positions  405 . Reference numeral  407  refers to large vehicles here. Reference numeral  409  refers to small vehicles. This classification into large vehicle or small vehicle is carried out as a function of the respective vehicle geometry and the respective maneuverability parameter of vehicles  407 ,  409  and a predetermined threshold value, in particular as a function of multiple predetermined threshold values. Such threshold values include a maneuverability threshold value and/or a size threshold value, for example. This means in particular that the vehicle is classified as a function of a vehicle size and a maneuverability of the vehicle as a large or as a small vehicle corresponding to the threshold values. 
         [0052]    As  FIG. 4  clearly shows, a large vehicle  407  parks next to a small vehicle  409  in each case to the left (based on the drawing plane) parking positions  405 . Only small vehicles  409  park to the right (based on the drawing plane) parking positions  405 . 
         [0053]    By having a small vehicle  409  park next to a large vehicle  407 , sufficient maneuvering space remains for large vehicle  407  for pulling into and/or out of a parking space. 
         [0054]    In particular, according to one specific embodiment it is provided that parking positions  405  for large vehicles  407  are selected in such a way that a maneuvering area for backing out of a parking space is maximized at the rear and side areas of large vehicles  407  to the effect that small (and generally also more maneuverable) vehicles  409  are and/or were parked in these areas. 
         [0055]    Vehicles  407 ,  409  are autonomous and/or remotely controllable vehicles, for example. This means, for example, that vehicles  407 ,  409  may be AVP vehicles. 
         [0056]    Reference numeral  411  refers to a directional arrow specifying a driving direction within parking lot  403 . 
         [0057]    The present invention thus in particular and among other things includes the idea of providing an efficient concept with the aid of which an automated valet parking system may be efficiently operated, reducing a likelihood of collision with already parked vehicles during an automated operation of pulling into and/or out of a parking space. 
         [0058]    The concept according to the present invention is in particular based on ascertaining the geometry and maneuverability (maneuverability parameter) for the vehicles, the parking position of the vehicle or vehicles being selected in such a way that large and less maneuverable vehicles are parked separately in such a way that, for example, the maneuvering areas are maximized for these vehicles. For parallel parking spaces, as they occur in parking facilities or parking lots, for example, this may be achieved in that a sorting is carried out in such a way that smaller vehicles are parked behind and/or next to the large and less maneuverable vehicles, whereby backing out of a parking space may be carried out with fewer maneuvers and more safely for the unwieldy vehicles (large vehicles). 
         [0059]    This means in particular that a parking position for a vehicle driving in an automated manner or autonomously and/or for a remotely controllable vehicle is established in such a way that a maximum potential maneuvering area is achieved for less maneuverable and unwieldier vehicles, for example, as a function of the vehicle geometry and the vehicle maneuverability (minimal curve radius, maximal steering angle). This is achieved in particular in that vehicles having smaller dimensions are parked and/or placed in the rear areas and, if necessary, side areas. 
         [0060]    According to one specific embodiment, the ascertainment device ascertains the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter of the vehicle. This takes place in particular when the vehicle enters an entrance area of the parking lot. For example, the vehicle geometry and the maneuverability parameter may be ascertained with the aid of an image processing unit and an automated read-out from a database according to a prior vehicle type classification. For example, it is provided that the vehicle transmits the vehicle geometry and/or the maneuverability parameter via the communication network to the device, which may be included in a parking lot server, for example, in particular a parking garage server. 
         [0061]    For example, the vehicle is now assigned a parking position in such a way that, for example as a function of the widths of the drivable surface areas in the parking lot, the vehicle parks next to a small vehicle when it is a large vehicle, or parks next to a large vehicle when it is a small vehicle. This means that, according to one specific embodiment, it is provided that vehicles are parked in such a way that small and large vehicles alternately park next to each other. According to one specific embodiment, it is provided that a small vehicle is always parked opposite a large vehicle. This means that two opposing parking positions are provided, for example, between which an access lane of the parking lot runs. If a large vehicle is already parked in one of the opposing parking spaces, a small vehicle (in general, a smaller and/or more maneuverable vehicle than the vehicle to be parked) is parked in the other of the opposing parking spaces, and vice versa. Via the vehicle geometry and a respective maneuverability of the vehicles a distinction is made here in particular between a large and a small vehicle according to a predetermined threshold value. 
         [0062]    Thereafter, in particular a trajectory to the target position, i.e., in particular to the parking position, is ascertained. Guiding the vehicle to the target position is then carried out autonomously by the vehicle itself, for example. In particular, the vehicle is guided to the parking position remotely controlled. 
         [0063]    As an alternative or in addition, it is provided according to one specific embodiment that, for the ascertainment of the parking position, it is also ascertained how many maneuvers are to be expected for an operation of pulling into and/or out of a parking space, the vehicles then being parked in such a way that this number of maneuvers is minimized. This means, for example, that the assignment of the vehicles does not necessarily have to be carried out in such a structured manner according to the classification ‘large’ and ‘small.’ In particular, it is instead provided that a free search is carried out to the effect that free parking spaces are selected based on a greedy strategy or based on a greedy algorithm and that a number of the required maneuvers is ascertained and minimized via the available free space and the geometry and maneuverability of the vehicle to be parked. 
         [0064]    Advantages of the concept according to the present invention are in particular a reduction of a likelihood of collision during the operation of pulling into and/or out of a parking space in that large and/or less mobile vehicles are positioned in such a way that they, for example, are given the largest possible maneuvering space by filling the parking spaces in the rear area and/or flank area with smaller vehicles. As a result of the concept according to the present invention, in particular requirements with regard to a location accuracy and a vehicle movement regulation and/or trajectory planning may be reduced, which may result in technically less complex and more favorable system approaches.