Abstract:
In an information recording medium according to the present invention, marks for discriminating between information tracks and a mark indicative of the information concerning spacing from a position at which each of the marks is provided to the recording starting position are provided in an information block, and a plurality of such information blocks are continuously provided in the other area of the information tracks than the recording area. The specification also discloses an information recording and reproducing method and apparatus utilizing such a plurality of information blocks.

Description:
BACKGROUND AND SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to an information recording medium adapted to be capable of accurately detecting the recording and/or reproduction starting position and to an information recording-reproducing method and apparatus therefor. 
     It is well known to record information on a recording medium having a plurality of information tracks by the use of magnetism, a light beam or the like. A disc-like shape, a card-like shape, a tape-like shape, etc. are known as the shapes of such recording medium. 
     Now, when information is to be recorded on the information tracks of such medium with a light beam or a magnetic flux being stopped down by an optical head or a magnetic head, to record the information on a desired track, it is necessary to confirm whether the track is the desired track before the recording operation. One method was to pre-record a track number on that area of the track on which the information is to be recorded (hereinafter referred to as the requisite recording area) by some modulation system (for example, the FM modulation system), read this track number and thereby confirm the track. 
     Particularly as regards the track number, the assignee of the present invention filed an application which covers an embodiment in which the same information, i.e., the track number, is repetitively recorded with the fact being taken into account that reproduction cannot be accomplished because of dust or injury on the recording medium. 
     So, it becomes necessary to confirm the position at which recording of the track is started, that is, the first position of the recording area, after the desired track could be confirmed by said means. However, where a plurality of identical track numbers are continuously provided for one track as described above, depending on the position at which the track number that could be confirmed is provided, the distance from the position at which that track was confirmed to the first position of the requisite recording area is determined. In other words, the position at which the track number can be confirmed is not always a fixed position and therefor, the distance from the position at which the track was confirmed to the first position of writing is not always constant. Accordingly, again in such a case, it is desired that the recording starting position can be accurately detected. 
     Next, again in a case where information recorded in the recording area is to be reproduced, it is desired that the reproduction starting position be known accurately. So, it would occur to one to record a synchronizing mark before the information of the recording track, and repetitively record the synchronizing mark with a case taken into account where the synchronizing mark cannot be reproduced because of injury or the like. Again in this case, however, the distance from the point at which the synchronizing mark is detected to the reproduction starting position is not always constant and therefore, it would occur to one to include means such as caption code in the information and recognize the reproduction starting position. In this case, the presence or absence of a detection error is determined by whether the caption code is properly recognized, and it is difficult to know the reproduction starting position at stable accuracy. 
     It is therefore a first object of the present invention to provide an information recording medium on which a plurality of marks for discriminating between information tracks, such as track numbers, are continuously provided in the other area of the information tracks than the requisite recording area and in which the information recording starting position can be accurately detected without any error. 
     In the information recording meidum according to the present invention, at least marks for discriminating between information tracks and a mark indicative of the information from a position at which each of the marks is provided to the recording starting position are provided in an information block, and a plurality of such information blocks are continuously provided in the other area of the information tracks than the requisite recording area. Therefore, in whatever information block the information track is confirmed, the information from that position to the recording starting position is read at a time and thus, recording can be accomplished at an accurate position. 
     In this case, if the construction is such that even during reproduction of the record, the reproduction of the portion in which the information block is included is effected, accurate detection of the reproduction starting position also becomes possible by this information block. 
     It is a second object of the present invention to provide an information recording-reproducing method and apparatus for accurately recording and/or reproducing information by the use of such an information recording medium. 
     It is a third object of the present invention to provide an information recording-reproducing method and apparatus in which during recording, information for discriminating the reproduction starting position is recorded on a recording track and during reproduction, the reproduction starting position can be accurately detected by the discriminating information. 
     It is a fourth object of the present invention to provide an information recording-reproducing method and apparatus in which when use is made of an information recording medium on which is pre-recorded position discriminating information having information indicative of the recording starting position, even if this prerecorded position discriminating information is not reproduced during the reproduction of the record, the same position discriminating information as said position discriminating information, together with the recording information, is recorded on a recording track during information recording, and during reproduction also, the reproduction starting position can be accurately detected by the position discriminating information recorded on said recording track. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a fragmentary view of an example of the information recording medium according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 2A shows information blocks. 
     FIG. 2B shows an example of the position descriminating information. 
     FIG. 3 is a flow chart of a recording method. 
     FIG. 4 shows an example of the information recording and/or reproducing apparatus according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 5 illustrates another example of the information recording-reproducing method. 
     FIG. 6 is a fragmentary view of another example of the information recording medium according to the present invention. 
     FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a reproducing method. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     FIG. 1 is a fragmentary schematic view showing an embodiment of the information recording medium according to the present invention, which is in the form of a card. In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 designates the card-like recording medium, reference characters 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, . . . denote information tracks, reference numeral 3 designates the recording area of the information tracks, and reference numeral 4 denotes (the area other than the) recording area. The area 4 is given track numbers for discriminating between the information tracks. The area 4 shown in FIG. 1 has four information blocks, each of which contains therein at least information indicative of the track number and information from the information block to the recording area. 
     Referring now to FIG. 2A which shows an embodiment of the information contained in this one information block, letter S designates a synchronizing mark, B# denotes a number indicating what information block this information block is, T# designates a number for discriminating the information track from the other tracks, and E denotes an error detect mark. As shown in FIG. 2B, the various types of information, S, B#, T# and E, are contained in each information block. The synchronizing mark S and the track number T# are identical between the information blocks, while in the block number B#, different information is recorded in each information block corresponding to the positions of the respective information blocks. Correspondingly thereto, the error detect mark also differs. Said block number is indicative of the information from each information block to the recording starting position. 
     FIG. 3 shows a flow chart for the positioning of the recording start. The recording process of the information recording medium shown in FIG. 1 will now be described with reference to this flow-chart. First, in recording, a recording head accesses to a certain track on the information recording medium, and reproduces the portion of this track in which the information block is contained. The synchronizing mark in the first information block is first detected, and whether there is an error in the subsequent information, for example, whether reading-out is impossible due to injury or dust, is examined. If there is an error in that information block, the subsequent information block is reproduced. If the information in the information block is accurately read, whether that information block is one belonging to a desired track is identified from the track discrimination number of that information block. If the track being reproduced is identified as the desired track, the block number of the information block judged as the desired track is discriminated, and the block number that information block is known. At that point of time, the position of the recording head relative to the recording medium can be accurately confirmed. Thereafter, where the recording medium is, for example, a so-called optical card capable of optical recording and reproduction, the optical card is provided with a clock track for reproducing a clocks as shown in applicant&#39;s U.S. patent application Ser. No. 810,747 and therefore, the recording starting position can be accurately found by counting the number of clocks, with the number of clocks generated as by PLL (phase block loop) means being added to the clocks reproduced by this clock track. 
     Also, in a case where recording is effected with a track divided into several tracks, the first recording position is accurately found and therefore, by counting the number of clocks, recording can be accomplished with a track divided into any desired number of tracks. 
     Further, by increasing said number of blocks, the detection error resulting from dust or injury can be eliminated and, if the bits for error detection are increased, the possibility of erroneous discrimination can be reduced. 
     In FIG. 3, when the information block does not belong to a desired information track, the recording head and the recording medium are moved relative to each other until the information block belonging to the desired track is confirmed, whereby head seek operation is performed. 
     Where it is desired to reproduce information from the recording medium 1 of FIG. 1 on which the information is recorded, reproduction of the recorded information is effected substantially in the same manner as the flow chart of FIG. 3 when reproduction of the portion in which the information block is contained. 
     Description will now be made of an apparatus for recording and reproducing information by the use of the recording medium 1 shown in FIG. 1. 
     In FIG. 4, reference numeral 3 designates an optical head (a portion encircled by a dotted line in FIG. 4), reference numeral 4 denotes a light beam, reference numeral 5 designates a supporting table for supporting the optical card 1 thereon, reference numeral 8 denotes a laser, and reference numeral 9 designates a collimator lens. Reference numeral 10 denotes a polarizing beam splitter, and reference numeral 30 designates a 1/4 wavelength plate. By a combination of these two members, the light travelling downward is transmitted, but the light travelling upward is bent in a perpendicular direction. Reference numeral 11 denotes a pick-up lens which serves to condense a parallel light on the optical card 1. 
     Reference numeral 12 designates a photosensor, reference numeral 13 denotes a pre-amplifier, reference numeral 14 designates an auto-focusing (AF) servo, reference numeral 15 denotes an auto-tracking(AT) servo, reference numeral 16 designates a decoder, reference numeral 18 designates a computer, reference numeral 19 denotes an encoder, reference numeral 20 designates a laser driver, and reference numeral 21 denotes a stepping motor which serves to move the optical head 3 in a direction perpendicular to the support table 5. 
     Reference numerals 22 and 23 designate pulleys over which a belt 24 is passed. The supporting table 5 for supporting and fixing the optical card 1 is mounted on the belt 24. The pulley 22 is mounted on the shaft of a motor 26, and the optical card 1 is reciprocally moved in the directions of bilateral arrow A by the revolution of the motor 26. Reference numeral 27 denotes a motor servo. 
     Operation of the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 will now be described. Description will first be made of the case of reproduction. In FIG. 4, a laser beam oscillated from the laser 8 is collimated by the collimator lens 9, passes through the polarizing beam splitter 10 and the 1/4 wavelength plate 30, is condensed by the pick-up lens 11 and forms a minute spot on the optical card 1. The reflected light from the optical card 1 is modulated depending on whether there is an information pit in the portion irradiated with the minute spot, and this modulated light is again collimated by the pick-up lens 11 and is caused to enter the photosensor 12 by the polarizing beam splitter 10. The photosensor 12 detects any variation in the quantity of modulated light, converts it into an electrical signal and supplies this signal to the pre-amplifier 13. 
     The minute spot is first formed on an information block belonging to a certain information track, and a signal based on the information thereof is supplied from the photosensor 12 to the pre-amplifier 13. On the basis of this signal, control means comprising the pre-amplifier 13, the decoder 16, the interface 17 and the computer 18 accurately reads out the information of any information block, confirms whether this information block belongs to a desired information track, and if confirmed so, recognizes the reproduction starting position from that information block, and prepares an information signal on the basis of the signal entering the pre-amplifier 13 from the point at which the light from the laser 8 is accurately applied to the reproduction starting position. 
     When said information block is not the desired information block, the stepping motor 21 is controlled through the interface 17 to effect the head seek operation. 
     Description will now be made of the case of recording. As in the case of reproduction, if the recording starting position is recognized, the laser driver 20 is controlled through the interface 17 and the encoder 19 so that recording of information is started from the point at which the light from the laser 8 is accurately applied to this recording starting position, thereby modulating the laser 8 on the basis of the recording information. 
     The head seek operation is performed in a manner similar to that in the case of reproduction. 
     Description will now be made of an embodiment in which the information blocks are not reproduced during the reproduction of information. 
     FIG. 5 shows an example of the card-like information recording medium. In FIG. 5, reference characters 101a and 101b designate clock tracks, reference characters 102a and 102b denote recording tracks, reference numeral 103 designates a track for tracking, and letters a, b and c denote three light beams divided from a light source. 
     Where it is desired to record information on the recording track 102a (I in FIG. 5), tracking is taken by the beam c and the recording starting position is detected outside the requisite recording area by the beam a, whereafter recording is effected by the beam b while the clock is reproduced. Also, where it is desired to record information on the recording track 102b (II in FIG. 5), tracking is taken by the beam a and the recording starting position is detected outside the requisite recording area by the beam c, whereafter recording is effected by beam b while the clock is reproduced. 
     Also, to reproduce the information recorded on the recording tracks 102a and 102b adjacent to the tracking track 103, a method as shown at III in FIG. 5 is adopted. That is, both of the two types of recorded information are reproduced at a time by the beams a and c while tracking is taken by the beam b. That is a method advantageous in that the transfer speed of the information during reproduction can be increased to twice. However, to know the reproduction starting position at this time, it is necessary to detect such position by the beams a and c and the information of the recording starting position pre-recorded on the clock tracks 101a and 101b cannot be used during reproduction. 
     So, by the use of an information recording medium (corresponding to the optical card in FIG. 1) on which position discriminating information having information indicative of the recording starting position (corresponding to the information regarding the recording starting position contained in the clock tracks 101a and 101b in FIG. 5) was pre-recorded during information recording (I and II in FIG. 5), the same position discriminating information as said position discriminating information (the information taken out may be the same as the position discriminating information and is independent of the shape of the recording pit), together with the recording information, is recorded on the recording tracks 102a and 102b during information recording, and the reproduction starting position is detected by the position discriminating information recorded on the recording tracks 102a and 102b, during reproduction. 
     In FIG. 6, reference numeral 31 designates a card-like recording medium, reference characters 32a, 32b, 32c, 32d, . . . denote information tracks, reference numeral 33 designates a requisite recording area, and reference numeral 34 denotes the other area than the requisite recording area. The area 34 is given track numbers for discriminating the information tracks. Position discriminating information 36 is provided in the area 34 shown in FIG. 6, and this information 36 has, for example, four information blocks, and at least the information indicative of the track numbers and the information from that information block to the requisite recording area 33 is contained in each information block, as in the example shown in FIG. 2. Reference characters 35a, 35b, 35c, 35d, . . . denote recording tracks contained in the information tracks. In the area 33, the same information as the four information blocks of the position discriminating information 36 pre-recorded in the area 34 is recorded prior to the recording information. In FIG. 6, this is represented by position discriminating information 37. Each information block is of the construction as shown, for example, in FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 7 shows a flow chart for positioning of the reproduction start. The reproducing process of the information recording medium according to the present invention shown in FIG. 6 will hereinafter be described with reference to this flow chart. First, in reproduction, a reproducing head accesses to a certain recording track on the information recording medium 31, and the portion of this track in which the information blocks are contained is first reproduced. First, the synchronizing mark of the first information block is detected, and whether there is an error in the subsequent information, for example, whether reading-out is impossible because of injury or dust, is examined. If there is an error in that information block, the subsequent information block is reproduced. If the information of the information block is accurately read out, whether that information block belongs to the desired track is confirmed from the track discriminating number of that information track. If the track being reproduced in confirmed as the desired track, the block number of the information block which has judged that it is the desired track is recognized, and what information block that information block is known. At that point of time, the position of the reproducing head relative to the recording medium can be accurately confirmed. Thereafter, the reproduction starting position can be accurately known by counting the number of clocks generated as by PLL means. 
     Where it is desired to record information on the recording medium 31 of FIG. 6, recording is accomplished by a method similar to the recording method described in connection with FIG. 1, with the exception that the position descriminating information is recorded on the recording track prior to the information recording. The recording-reproducing apparatus is substantially the same as that described in connection with FIG. 4, with the exception of some functional differences. 
     Description will now be made of a recording method and apparatus in which the position discriminating information is not pre-recorded on the recording medium and during recording, the position discriminating information for information reproduction is recorded on the recording track prior to the recording information. 
     In this case, if the recording track is recognized, the laser driver 20 of FIG. 4 is controlled so that the position discriminating information and then the recording information may be recorded on the recording track. This position discriminating information is such as shown, for example, in FIG. 2B. The recording apparatus in this case is of such a construction as shown in FIG. 4, and the reproducing method is carried out in a manner similar to what has been previously described. 
     In the foregoing description, a card-like recording medium has been described, whereas it is apparent that the present invention is applicable not only to a card-like recording medium but also disc-like or other recording medium, and as regards the information recording method, it is also apparent that the present invention is equally applicable to the magnetic method, the optical method and other methods.