Abstract:
Corrugated fins that have high heat transfer performance and do not cause clogging even in a gaseous environment in which particulate matter such as dust is present have wall surfaces on which are formed alternating parallel ridges and furrows with an angle of inclination of 10-60°. Defining Wh as the height of the ridges and furrows, Wp as the period of the ridges and furrows, Pf as the period of the corrugated fins, and Tf as the thickness of the plate forming the fins, the following conditions hold. 
     
       
      
       Wh≦ 
       0.3674 
       ·Wp+ 
       1.893 
       ·Tf− 
       0.1584,  
      
     
         0.088 &lt;( Wh−Tf )/ Pf&lt;   0.342 , and 
     
       
      
       a·Wp 
       2+ 
       b·Wp+c&lt;Wh,  
      
     
     where 
     
       
      
       a= 
       0.004· 
       Pf 
       2 
       −0.0696· 
       Pf+ 
       0.3642  
      
     
         b=−   0.0036·   Pf   2   +0.0625   ·Pf   −0.5752 , and 
     
       
      
       c= 
       0.0007· 
       Pf 
       2 
       +0.1041· 
       Pf 
       +0.2333.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates to corrugated fins for heat exchanger to be interposed between flat tubes or to be installed in the flat tube, ridges and furrows being alternately arranged on a rising wall surface and a falling wall surface thereof. 
         [0002]    As the corrugated fins for heat exchanger which make clogging difficult to occur and which can be applied also to a gaseous body which contains many particulate matters such as dust, for example, the fin described in the following Patent Literature 1 is known and is used in a heat changer and an exhaust heat exchanger of construction machinery. 
         [0003]    The invention described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-78194 is a rectangular-wave-shaped corrugated fin in which peak parts and valley parts of the wave have run meandering in a longitudinal direction as shown in  FIG. 16  and  FIG. 17  (hereinafter, referred to as a conventional type corrugated fin). The fin described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-78194 is used as an inner fin to be installed in a tube and which stirs a gaseous body which flows through within it by making it meandering from the upstream side to the downstream side so as to reduce a boundary layer generated on the wall surface as much as possible. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0004]    Although the conventional type corrugated fin described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-78194 has the effect of suppressing development of the boundary layer, it was not sufficient. In addition, there was a problem in productivity such as a warp in a fin height direction in association with machining of the wave shape. 
         [0005]    Therefore, a corrugated fin which is higher in heat transfer performance and is high in productivity has been required. 
         [0006]    Accordingly, as a result of various experiments and fluid analyses, the inventors of the present invention have found the specification of the fin which is higher in heat transfer performance and is easier to produce than the corrugated fin of the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-78194. 
         [0007]    That is, they have developed the corrugated fin which is higher in heat transfer performance and is easier to manufacture than the fin described in the above-mentioned Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2007-78194 by specifying a plate thickness thereof, a period of ridges and furrows, a height of the ridges and the furrows and a period of the corrugated fins to fixed ranges, when alternately and repetitively forming the ridges and the furrows on wall surfaces which serve as a rising surface and a falling surface of the corrugated fin. 
         [0008]    The present invention according to a first aspect thereof is corrugated fins for heat exchanger to be interposed between flat tubes which are arrayed side by side separately from each other or to be installed in the flat tube, in which 
         [0009]    the material of the fin is aluminum or an aluminum alloy, 
         [0010]    the fin is 0.06 to 0.16 mm in plate thickness and has respective wall surfaces ( 3 ) of a rising part and a falling part between a peak part and a valley part which are bent into a waveform in a longitudinal direction of the fin, 
         [0011]    ridges ( 4 ) and furrows ( 5 ) which are 10 degrees to 60 degrees in angle of inclination relative to a width direction of the fin and are in the same direction are alternately arrayed side by side on the respective wall surfaces ( 3 ), and 
         [0012]    when a height of the ridges and furrows (an external dimension from the valley of a furrow part to the peak of a ridge part, including a plate thickness) is set to Wh [mm], 
         [0013]    a period of the ridges and furrows (a period from a certain ridge to the next ridge) is set to Wp [mm], 
         [0014]    a period of the corrugated fins is set to Pf [mm] and 
         [0015]    the plate thickness of the fin is set to Tf [mm], 
         [0016]    the corrugated fins satisfy the following conditions and a gaseous body flows in the width direction of the fins, 
         [0000]        Wh≦ 0.3674 ·Wp+ 1.893 ·Tf− 0.1584  [Formula 1]
 
         [0000]      0.088&lt;( Wh−Tf )/ Pf &lt;0.342  [Formula 2]
 
         [0000]        a·Wp   2   +b·Wp+c&lt;Wh   [Formula 3]
 
         [0000]    where 
         [0000]        a =0.004 ·Pf   2 −0.0696· Pf+ 0.3642
 
         [0000]        b=− 0.0036 ·Pf   2 +0.0625· Pf− 0.5752, and
 
         [0000]        c= 0.0007· Pf   2 +0.1041· Pf+ 0.2333.
 
         [0017]    The present invention according to a second aspect thereof is the corrugated fins for heat exchanger according to the first aspect, in which 
         [0018]    the corrugated fins satisfy the following conditions and a gaseous body flows in the width direction of the fins, 
         [0000]      0.100&lt;( Wh−Tf ) /Pf&lt; 0.320  [Formula 4]
 
         [0000]        a′Wp   2   +b′·Wp+c′&lt;Wh   [Formula 5]
 
         [0000]    where 
         [0000]        a ′=0.004 ·Pf   2 −0.0694· Pf +0.3635
 
         [0000]        b ′=−0.0035· Pf   2 +0.0619 ·Pf− 0.5564, and
 
         [0000]        c ′=0.0007· Pf   2 +0.1114 ·Pf+ 0.2304.
 
         [0019]    The present invention according to a third aspect thereof is the corrugated fins for heat exchanger according to the first aspect, in which 
         [0020]    the corrugated fins satisfy the following conditions and a gaseous body flows in the width direction of the fins, 
         [0000]      0.118&lt;( Wh−Tf )/ Pf &lt;0.290  [Formula 6]
 
         [0000]        a″·Wp   2   +b″·Wp+c″&lt;Wh   [Formula 7]
 
         [0000]    where 
         [0000]        a ″=0.0043 ·Pf   2 −0.0751 ·Pf+ 0.3952
 
         [0000]        b″=− 0.0038· Pf   2 +0.0613 ·Pf− 0.6019, and
 
         [0000]        c ″=0.0017 ·Pf   2 +0.1351 ·Pf+ 0.2289.
 
         [0021]    The corrugated fin of the present invention can be produced by a general purpose manufacturing method for roll machining and so forth and the specification thereof is made to satisfy [Formula 1] to [Formula 3], and thus it is possible to provide the corrugated fin which is improved in heat dissipation and is easy to machine in comparison with the conventional type corrugated fin by forming. In a cell region which is surrounded by flat tubes and a rising wall and a falling wall of the fin as shown in  FIG. 2 , flows of a gaseous body such as air that passes therein as two swirling flows which progress in a gaseous body flowing direction and thereby efficiently guide a fluid at a central part in the cell to the fin. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0022]      FIG. 1  is an essential part front view of corrugated fins for heat exchanger of the present invention. 
           [0023]      FIG. 2  is an explanatory diagram showing an action of the same fin. 
           [0024]      FIG. 3  is a schematic diagram on arrow along in  FIG. 1 . 
           [0025]      FIG. 4  is a schematic sectional diagram on arrow along IV-IV in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 . 
           [0026]      FIG. 5  is a front view of a heat exchanger using the same corrugated fins. 
           [0027]      FIG. 6  is a schematic diagram on arrow along VI-VI in  FIG. 5 . 
           [0028]      FIG. 7  is a plan view showing a developed state of the same corrugated fins. 
           [0029]      FIG. 8  is an essential part perspective schematic diagram of a heat exchanger using the same corrugated fins. 
           [0030]      FIG. 9  shows machining limit for every fin plate thickness when the same corrugated fins are produced, in which the period Wp of the ridges and furrows is taken on the horizontal axis and the height Wh of the ridges and furrows is taken on the vertical axis. 
           [0031]      FIG. 10  shows a ratio (in the case of the conventional type corrugated fin, the ratio is set to 100%) of a heat exchange amount (hereinafter, referred to as a fan matching heat radiation amount) in consideration of a reduction in flow rate caused by a pressure loss, in which the ratio is taken on the vertical axis and (Wh−Tf)/Pf is taken on the horizontal axis. 
           [0032]      FIG. 11  is a graph indicating a range within which the fan matching heat radiation amount is improved in comparison with the conventional type corrugated fin in a case of the period Pf of the corrugated fins=3 mm, in which the period Wp of the ridges and furrows is taken on the horizontal axis and the height Wh of the ridges and furrows is taken on the vertical axis. 
           [0033]      FIG. 12  is a graph in a case where the period Pf of the same corrugated fins is 6 mm. 
           [0034]      FIG. 13  is a graph in a case where the period Pf of the same corrugated fins is 9 mm. 
           [0035]      FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D  show a velocity distribution in each cell (between a wall surface of the fin and one pair of flat tubes) of the fin for heat exchanger using the corrugated fins of the present invention, and shows respective sections in which a fluid moves from a section A to the downstream side in order, to indicate flows of the fluid in the respective cells of the fin in order. 
           [0036]      FIGS. 15 ( a - a ),  15 ( b - b ),  15 ( c - c ),  15 ( d - d ) show flows (a velocity distribution in the section) of the fluid in each cell in order similarly to  FIG. 14 , in the conventional type corrugated fins. ( FIG. 15  is not prior art because the velocity distribution shown therein is the work of the inventors of the present invention.) 
           [0037]      FIG. 16  is an essential part perspective view of the conventional type corrugated fins. 
           [0038]      FIG. 17  is a top plan view of the same fin. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0039]    Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described on the basis of the drawings. 
         [0040]      FIG. 5  is one example of a heat exchanger using corrugated fins of the present invention, and  FIG. 6  is a schematic sectional diagram on arrow along VI-VI of  FIG. 5 . 
         [0041]    In this heat exchanger, corrugated fins  2  are arranged between many flat tubes  1  which are arrayed side by side and are integrally brazed and fixed together between contact parts thereof to form a core  11 . Then, upper and lower both end parts of each flat tube  1  communicate into tanks  12  via header plates  10 . 
         [0042]    As shown in  FIG. 1  to  FIG. 4 , this corrugated fin  2  is obtained by bending a metal plate made of aluminum (including an aluminum alloy such as, for example, an Al—Mn-based alloy (JIS 3000 series and so forth), an Al—Zn—Mg-based alloy (JIS 7000 series and so forth)) into a waveform, and a peak part  8  and a valley part  9  ( FIG. 7 ) of a bend thereof are brought into contact with the flat tube  1 . Then, respective wall surfaces  3  of rising and falling are formed between the peak part  8  and the valley part  9  and ridges  4  and furrows  5  are alternately arranged on the wall surfaces  3 . The ridges  4  and the furrows  5  are inclined in parallel with one another and oblique relative to a width direction of the fin as shown in  FIG. 3 . In the present invention, an angle of inclination thereof is set to 10 degrees to 60 degrees. 
         [0043]    Although the wall surfaces  3  having such many ridges  4  and furrows  5 , the peak parts  8  and the valley parts  9  are integrally formed, when shown intentionally by a development diagram, it can be expressed as in  FIG. 7 . 
         [0044]    That is, in the corrugated fin  2 , the peak parts  8  and the valley parts  9  are alternately formed in a longitudinal direction of the fin separately from each other and the wall surface  3  is present between them. The linear ridges  4  and furrows  5  which are symmetrical to the peak part  8  are formed obliquely on the respective wall surfaces  3  facing each other when the fin is formed.  FIG. 3  is a partially enlarged diagram thereof and the ridge  4  is indicated by a chain line and the furrow  5  is indicated by a dotted line. 
         [0045]    Incidentally, as shown in the same drawing, the ridges  4  and the furrows  5  are not formed on a leading end of the corrugated fin  2  and a flat part  6  is provided thereon. 
       (Feature of the Corrugated Fin) 
       [0046]    A feature of the present invention lies in the point that the height Wh of the ridges and furrows, the period Pf of the corrugated fins and the plate thickness Tf of the fin in  FIG. 1 , and the period Wp of the ridges and furrows in  FIG. 3  have been set to have a specific relation. Determination of respective specifications of them has been obtained from the following experiments and flow analyses of the fluid, and the machining limit of the aluminum fin. In the following, description will be made in order. 
         [0047]    Although within a range that the influence of the reduction in flow rate caused by the increase in pressure loss does not become predominant, the larger the height Wh of the ridges and furrows of the fin becomes, the higher the heat transfer performance becomes, the height Wh of the ridges and furrows is limited also by the machining limit of the fin. 
         [0048]      FIG. 9  obtains the relation between the period Wp of the ridges and furrows on the wall surface and the height Wh of the ridges and furrows at a limit of bend machining of the fin for every plate thickness. A machining limit of the aluminum fin of 0.06 mm in plate thickness is plotted by (▴), and when the period Wp of the ridges and furrows is 1.5 mm, 0.5 mm is the upper limit of the height Wh of the ridges and furrows. 
         [0049]    Likewise, when Wp is 2.0 mm, 0.7 mm is the upper limit of the height Wh. Further, when Wp is 2.5 mm, about 0.87 mm is the upper limit. 
         [0050]    Likewise, the machining limit in the case of the plate thickness 0.1 mm and the machining limit in the case of the plate thickness 0.16 mm are plotted by (▪) and (♦), respectively. 
         [0051]    [Formula 1] expresses the machining limit shown in this  FIG. 9  as a numerical formula. 
         [0000]        Wh≦ 0.3674 ·Wp+ 1.893 ·Tf− 0.1584  [Formula 1]
 
         [0052]    Next,  FIG. 10  is a graph obtained by experimentally finding how excellent the fan matching heat radiation amount of the present invention is over that of the conventional type corrugated fin and by plotting a heat radiation amount ratio Qf thereof (in the case of the conventional type corrugated fin, the ratio is set to 100%). 
         [0053]    The following matters were clarified therefrom. 
         [0054]    The fan matching heat radiation amount ratio of the present invention has a maximum value and the value thereof is about 120% relative to that of the conventional type corrugated fin. 
         [0055]    Incidentally, the reason why the maximum value is present is that although a heat transfer enhancement effect owing to generation of the swirling flow is increased up to some extent in association with an increase in (Wh−Tf)/Pf, when it is further increased, the influence of the reduction in flow rate caused by the increase in pressure loss becomes predominant and the heat transfer amount is lowered. 
         [0056]    [Formula 2] expresses a range of (Wh−Tf)/Pf within which the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio which is shown in this  FIG. 10  becomes larger than 100% by a numerical formula. 
         [0000]      0.088&lt;( Wh−Tf )/Pf&lt;0.342  [Formula 2]
 
         [0057]    Next,  FIG. 11  illustrates, as one example, a range within which in a case where the period Pf of the corrugated fins is 3.0 mm, the fin of the present invention can be machined and the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio thereof becomes larger than 100% in comparison with that of the conventional type corrugated fin. 
         [0058]    In  FIG. 11 , a curved line A is the lower limit (see [Formula 3]) of the height Wh of the ridges and furrows at which the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio becomes larger than 100%. 
         [0000]        a·Wp   2   +b·Wp+c&lt;Wh   [Formula 3]
 
         [0059]    where 
         [0000]        a= 0.004· Pf   2 −0.0696· Pf+ 0.3642
 
         [0000]        b=− 0.0036· Pf   2 +0.0625 ·Pf −0.5752, and
 
         [0000]        c= 0.0007· Pf   2 +0.1041· Pf +0.2333.
 
         [0060]    A straight line B is a machining upper limit (see [Formula 1]) in a case where the plate thickness Tf of the fin is 0.06 mm, and a straight line C is the machining upper limit (see [Formula 1]) in a case where the plate thickness Tf of the fin is 0.16 mm. 
         [0061]    A straight line D indicates a lower limit of (Wh−Tf)/Pf at which the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio becomes larger than 100% in consideration of the machining upper limit and is obtained by simultaneously setting up the upper limit of Wh (Wh=0.3674·Wp+1.893·Tf−0.1584) in [Formula 1] and the lower limit (0.088=(Wh·Tf)/Pf) of (Wh−Tf)/Pf in [Formula 2] and by deleting Tf. 
         [0062]    Likewise, a straight line E indicates an upper limit of (Wh−Tf)/Pf at which the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio becomes larger than 100% in consideration of the machining upper limit and is obtained by simultaneously setting up the upper limit of Wh in [Formula 1] and the upper limit of (0.342=(Wh−Tf)/Pf) of (Wh−Tf)/Pf in [Formula 2] and by deleting Tf. 
         [0063]    That is, in the case where the plate thickness Tf of the fin is 0.06 mm, machining of the fin is possible and the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio thereof becomes larger than 100% in comparison with the conventional type corrugated fin within a range surrounded by the curved line A and the straight line B. 
         [0064]    In addition, in the case where the plate thickness Tf of the fin is 0.16 mm, machining of the fin is possible and the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio thereof becomes larger than 100% in comparison with the conventional type corrugated fin within a range surrounded by the curved line A, the straight line C, the straight line D and the straight line E. 
         [0065]    Next,  FIG. 12  and  FIG. 13  illustrate, as other examples, similarly ranges where the fin of the present invention can be machined and the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio thereof becomes larger than 100% in comparison with the conventional type corrugated fin, in cases where the periods Pf of the corrugated fins are 6.0 mm and 9.0 mm, respectively. 
         [0066]    In addition, [Formula 4] expresses a range of (Wh−Tf)/Pf within which the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio becomes larger than 105% by a numerical formula, and [Formula 5] expresses the lower limit of the height Wh of the ridges and furrows in that case. 
         [0000]      0.100&lt;( Wh−Tf )/ Pf &lt;0.320  [Formula 4]
 
         [0000]        a′·Wp   2   +b′·Wp+c′&lt;Wh   [Formula 5]
 
         [0000]        a′·Wp   2   +b′·Wp+c′&lt;Wh   [Formula 5]
 
         [0067]    where 
         [0000]        a′= 0.004· Pf   2 −0.0694· Pf+ 0.3635
 
         [0000]        b′= −0.0035· Pf   2 +0.0619· Pf− 0.5564, and
 
         [0000]        c′= 0.0007· Pf   2 +0.1114· Pf+ 0.2304.
 
         [0068]    Further, [Formula 6] expresses a range of (Wh−Tf)/Pf within which the fan matching heat radiation amount ratio becomes larger than 110% by a numerical formula, and [Formula 7] expresses the lower limit of the height Wh of the ridges and furrows in that case. 
         [0000]      0.118&lt;( Wh−Tf )/ Pf&lt; 0.290  [Formula 6]
 
         [0000]        a″·Wp   2   +b″·Wp+c″&lt;Wh   [Formula 7]
 
         [0069]    where 
         [0000]        a″= 0.0043· Pf   2 −0.0751· Pf+ 0.3952
 
         [0000]        b″=− 0.0038· Pf   2 +0.0613· Pf− 0.6019, and
 
         [0000]        c″= 0.0017· Pf   2 +0.1351· Pf+ 0.2289.
 
         [0070]    Next,  FIGS. 14A, 14B, 14C, 14D  illustrate flows of the fluid in the fin in order from a section A to a section D from the upstream side to the downstream side when the corrugated fin of the present invention is interposed between the flat tubes and the gaseous body is made to flow into a segment which is formed between the wall surface of that fin and the tubes facing each other. 
         [0071]    In this example, the ridges and the furrows of the fin move from the center rightward in the drawing to h 1 , h 2  and h 3  as they go toward the downstream side. In association therewith, the fluid between the ridge and the furrow is guided rightward in the drawing, is deflected toward the facing fin by a right-side tube surface, flows leftward together with the flow from the facing fin, and is deflected toward the original fin by a left-side tube surface. 
         [0072]    The swirling flow is generated in this way and also the fluid at a part remote from the fin sequentially comes close to the fin and transfers heat thereto, and thereby the heat transfer performance is improved relative to the conventional type corrugated fin. 
         [0073]    Incidentally, also in the corrugated fin of the present invention which is exemplified in  FIG. 2 , the same swirling flow is generated. 
         [0074]    On the other hand, although  FIGS. 15 ( a - a ),  15 ( b - b ),  15 ( c - c ),  15 ( d - d ) illustrate the flows on the respective sections of the conventional type corrugated fin in  FIG. 17 , such a swirling flow as mentioned-above is not generated here. 
         [0075]    This corrugated fin can be applied to various heat exchangers such as a radiator, a capacitor, and an EGR cooler and can be also applied to a case of heating or cooling the gaseous body which flows into that corrugated fin. In addition, the entire shape of the corrugated waveform of the corrugated fin may be any of a rectangular wave-shape, a sinusoidal wave-shape, and a trapezoidal wave-shape. In addition, the ridges and the furrows which are formed on the wall surface of the fin other than the peak part and the valley part of the corrugated fin may be any of a sinusoidal wave, a triangular wave, a trapezoidal wave, a curved shape, a combination thereof in cross sections thereof.