Abstract:
A method comprising 1) discovering a new unit deployed within a data center; 2) finding a configuration template for the discovered unit; and 3) automatically installing software on the discovered unit based upon the configuration template.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates generally to processes for configuring and installing products in a data center or warehouse environment.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0002]    Companies and other large entities increasingly rely on distributed computing where many user terminals connect to one or more servers that are centrally located. These locations called “data centers” may be facilities owned by the company or may be supplied by a third-party. These data centers house not only computers, but may also have persistent connections to the Internet and thus, conveniently house networking equipment such as switches and routers. Web servers and other servers that need to be network accessible are often housed in data centers. Where a third-party owns the data center, the entity in question rents a “cage” or enclosure that has racks upon which assembled/standalone units, such as computers and routers, can be installed. The entity may also simply lease the units that are rack-mountable from the third-party. In any case, the data center is usually divided into a number of predefined areas, including a shipping/docking area, assembly area, and area where enclosures and their constituent racks are kept.  
           [0003]    Typically, the business process of installing and configuring new computer or networking systems involves a series of independent stages. First, based on determined requirements, components of the systems are ordered through a vendor or supplier. Once the components for these systems are received, inventory logs the “asset” tag for the component which identifies it for future reconciliation/audits. While the order for the components themselves may identify a number of attributes that each component should have (i.e. amount of memory, number of ports, model number etc.), the inventory systems often do not, and may only be concerned with the fact that the item was in fact received, and what the serial number or other distinguishing identifier is. Conventional asset records track accounting information such as depreciation, but not other attribute information.  
           [0004]    Once a component or set of components is received it is installed in the data center. Installation and assembly of components that make up a deployable “asset” is not typically performed by those employed in the receiving/warehousing department or by those who track inventory. After the component is physically assembled or installed, it will need to attain a “soft” configuration. The soft configuration includes attributes such as the IP (Internet Protocol) address, operating environment and so on. This soft configuration information frequently depends upon the attributes of the component. For instance, when installing software applications on a computing system asset (“compute node”), the operating system image to be deployed may depend on the size of the disk in the asset. Similarly, the MAC (Media Access Control) address of the network interface card may be needed to give the asset a correct IP address. The current environment relies on highly skilled employees for all aspects of component assembly and configuration. Because such skilled workers are in short supply, the assembly and configuration of new components in a data center can take weeks.  
           [0005]    The management system is the vehicle and charge of the administrative or Information Technology (IT) departments within a large entity such as a corporation. The management system must identify, once products are received, what they consist of, and how to configure or install them. This information must be either discovered by the management system or re-entered into the management system by the skilled workers who configure and install the component. As is often the case, the skilled assembler must take the received components and inspect/test them to find out its attributes and configuration because the original order data and the received physical component cannot be easily correlated.  
           [0006]    There is thus needed a more efficient configuration process that requires less use of skilled workers and increases the reliability of the configuration job and time-to-deployment of components.  
         SUMMARY  
         [0007]    What is disclosed is a method comprising 1) discovering a new unit deployed within a data center; 2) finding a configuration template for the discovered unit; and 3) automatically installing software on the discovered unit based upon the configuration template.  
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0008]    [0008]FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the primary methodology in mapping an inventory management system to a configuration management system according to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating new unit discovery according to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0010]    [0010]FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating associating of a node&#39;s configuration with the management system according to one or more embodiments of the invention.  
         [0011]    [0011]FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the interaction of the systems involved in implementing the various embodiments of the invention.  
         [0012]    [0012]FIG. 5 is a diagram of a compute node which can be configured and managed in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention.  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 6 is a diagram of a computer implementation of one or more embodiments of the invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0014]    Referring to the figures, exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described. The exemplary embodiments are provided to illustrate aspects of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The exemplary embodiments are primarily described with reference to block diagrams or flowcharts. As to the flowcharts, each block within the flowcharts represents both a method step and an apparatus element for performing the method step. Depending upon the implementation, the corresponding apparatus element may be configured in hardware, software, firmware or combinations thereof.  
         [0015]    The invention primarily consists of utilizing a management system to control the configuration and installation of software on a compute node. The management system maintains a database of asset records, and for each node, when the node is first requested or ordered, it creates an asset record and asset ID unique to that asset. The asset record is associated with the node based upon a certain parameter such the MAC address of the node&#39;s NIC. Once a node is deployed it sends out a network request. Based on this request, the management system proceeds with a new unit discovery process. The management system then finds a configuration template suitable for the node. Finally, using the configuration template, software is automatically installed on the node.  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 1 is a flowchart of the primary methodology in mapping an inventory management system to a configuration management system according to one or more embodiments of the invention. First, the inventory or ordering system will build a request for units to be deployed in a rack (block  110 ). For instance, if it were determined that a computer system needs to be deployed in a given rack, a request for that system is built. This type of request typically accompanies an order to a vendor for the components of the unit. However, the unit can also be built based on components already in inventory. Thus, according to block  120 , there is check as to whether the units (and their components) are in inventory. If the units are not in inventory, the management system must wait until the units are in inventory and ready for deployment (block  130 ). Once the units are in inventory, they are installed in the racks and powered-on (block  140 ).  
         [0017]    At this point, the node has been bolted into a rack, has been plugged to power and networking and has been powered on. By using network messaging (described in detail with respect to FIG. 2), the new unit will undergo a discovery process (block  150 ). In the new unit discovery, the unit will broadcast a message on the network requesting the management system to provide it with configuration data. The management system uses the information provided by the unit to find a configuration template for the discovered unit (block  160 ). The configuration templates are a series of configuration parameters and instructions that are stored/created for different classes or types of units. Depending upon the type, model or class of the unit, the management system or other specialized system (e.g., see software configuration system, described below) will find an appropriate configuration template (block  160 ).  
         [0018]    Once a configuration template is found, the management system or other specialized system (e.g., see software configuration system, described below) will install software on the unit based on the parameters given by the template (block  170 ). Alternatively, the management system may provide the unit with instructions on how to install this software. This automatic installation of software is made possible in a data center environment partially because the management system database contains information about the attributes (such as the MAC address of the network interface card (NIC) in the unit). Once the software is installed, the unit can signal to the management system that it is ready for use (block  180 ).  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 2 is a flowchart illustrating new unit discovery according to one or more embodiments of the invention. At this point the node has been bolted into a rack, an asset record (described in detail with respect to FIG. 3) has been created, it has been plugged to power and networking and it has been powered on. The new unit discovery begins by checking if the node (unit as installed in the rack) requires soft configuration (block  210 ). An example of such a node is a “compute” node. A compute node is a unit that has large-scale data processing (computing) capability such as a personal computer system. Such nodes are often characteristic of servers and will often have one or more NICs (Network Interface Cards) which allow the node to communicate information on a network. The primary NIC will send out a network request (e.g. DHCP (Dynamic Host Control Protocol) request for an IP address) (block  220 ) which may also be accompanied by an explicit request for configuration data. This signals the management infrastructure that a node is booting up and is ready to be configured.  
         [0020]    The MAC (Media Access Control) address of the NIC is a device signature unique to the NIC. The MAC uniquely identifies the NIC to the management system. MAC addresses are assigned at the time of manufacture and are guaranteed to be globally unique. All network messages sent by the NIC contain its MAC address to allow other nodes to communicate back to it. When a primary NIC sends out a network request message, the management system will compare the MAC sent by the node with all the MACs that are known (block  230 ). The known MACs will be those of devices that are in inventory or have been received by the company and thus, are present in the management system database. If the MAC is not known, then one possible explanation is that an intruder has penetrated the network. Thus, in this case of an unknown MAC, the management system will begin intruder diagnostics (block  235 ). Each node with network access in a data center must connect to a known good switch, determining the switch of origin will allow the management infrastructure to determine the location of the intruder. All unknown MACs are assumed to be intruders until verification is complete and the management infrastructure is updated.  
         [0021]    If the MAC is known, then using the MAC as a key (or indexing parameter) the asset ID of the node is found (block  240 ). The next test is to see whether the state information (associated by and stored along with the asset ID) for the node indicates that the node is in the initial state (block  250 ). The initial state is when the node is first installed in a rack. If it is not in the initial state, then a further check is performed to see whether the node&#39;s state information indicates that it is in a reinstall state (block  260 ). If the node is neither in reinstall nor initial states, then it indicates that the node is undergoing a reboot. In this case, the node is allowed to proceed with its normal boot process (block  270 ). If the node is either in reinstall state (checked at block  260 ) or in the initial state (checked at block  250 ), then software needs to be installed. When in a reinstall state, the node is configured in a like manner to the initial state with the exception that a node needs to be scrubbed (i.e. have its hard drive erased). Hence, to determine which software to install and the parameters thereof, the management system finds an appropriate configuration template for the discovered unit (block  280 ).  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 3 is a flowchart illustrating associating of a node&#39;s configuration with the management system according to one or more embodiments of the invention. First, the configuration template for a compute node (unit with computing capability) is defined (if it does not yet exist) or retrieved (if already present in the system) (block  310 ). This includes all optional (e.g. additional NICs, management cards) and configuration specifications (e.g. processor speed) for the node allowed by the manufacturer. Next, an asset record is created in the management system database with a specific and unique asset ID for the node (block  320 ). The asset record will track the configuration information (or pointers to the appropriate configuration template), soft configuration, state, asset ID, MAC and other pertinent information about the node. Each node has its own asset ID and asset record, which are all in one-to-one relationships with another. Once the asset record is created, all activities related to the node (which may or may not physically yet exist) can be tracked. After the asset record is created, the node is ordered or requested (block  330 ). As detailed information becomes available about the asset, it is entered in the asset record during each step of its purchase, assembly and installation. For example, the kind of processor in the asset or the amount of internal disk can be entered when the asset is ordered because that information is known when the purchase order is written. The ordering and receipt of the node can also be tracked within the created asset record. The management system can check to see if the node is received from the manufacturer after it has been ordered (block  340 ). If the node is not yet received, the management system must wait for receipt of the ordered node (block  350 ). If the node is received from the manufacturer (or vendor), then the assembly of the components into the requested node can be prepared for (for instance, if it has multiple components that need to be integrated together) (block  360 ). As part of this process, the bar-code information on the components is read and then the data therefrom is associated with the previously created asset record (block  370 ). Additionally, information about the MAC addresses of the NIC cards is recorded in the asset record. This allows the management system to find the soft configuration template associated with the node during the discovery process.  
         [0023]    Next, the node is associated with the order&#39;s corresponding asset record (block  380 ). This allows the management system to associate other attributes of the node (e.g., processor type, amount of memory or internal disk) with the MAC address. The management system then waits for the node to be deployed in a rack on the data center floor (block  390 ). At this point the asset ID for the specific node has been associated with all MACs that will be accessing the network from that node. The asset record contains the configuration information (or a pointer to the configuration template) so that the process of installing and configuring software on the newly deployed node can be automatically carried out by the management system (or other dedicated system such as a software configuration system, detailed below) when it requests configuration information over the network as it is powered up.  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the interaction of the systems involved in implementing the various embodiments of the invention. At the data center, an internal LAN (Local Area Network) Mechanism  430  is used for network communications. LAN mechanism  430  may consist of mechanisms such as Ethernet for carrying LAN information traffic and may include protocols for interaction between users of the LAN, such as TCP/IP or IPX. The LAN mechanism  430  ties together various servers, devices, nodes and rack locations of the data center. A new compute node  400  may be deployed within a given rack and may contain one or more NICs that allow it to communicate over LAN mechanism  430 . A first primary NIC of new compute node  400  will connect the new compute node  400  to a primary switch  410  which may also be deployed in the same rack. The primary switch  410  is a part of the LAN mechanism  430  and connects the primary NIC to the LAN mechanism  430 . The new compute node  400  may optionally have a secondary NIC which will connect it to a secondary switch  420 . The secondary switch  420  may also connect the secondary NIC to the LAN mechanism  430 . Alternately the secondary switch  420  may connect the secondary NIC to a different LAN mechanism or network.  
         [0025]    LAN mechanism  430  allows other systems such a software configuration system  440  and a management system  450  to be connected to each other and to new compute node  400 . The software configuration system  440  serves applications and performs installs of applications to nodes. The management system  450  has database server software, which manages asset records that can be stored in a datastore  460  (e.g., a database). During new unit discovery, the management system  450  responds to a network request from the new compute node  400 , once deployed in its rack. The management system  450  then compares the MAC of the primary NIC of compute node  400  with a list of MACs for known devices which may be stored in datastore  460 . If known, the management system  450  finds the appropriate asset ID (and, consequently, asset record) associated with the node  400 . It then sends a message to compute node  400  with pointers (contained in the asset record) to the correct software in the software configuration system  440 . In one embodiment of the invention, the software configuration system may be a tftp (Trivial File Transfer Protocol) server. The compute node then requests the software configuration system for the software and loads it. Depending on the configuration, the node may also request other software from the software configuration system, or alternatively, the software configuration system may install other software on node  400 .  
         [0026]    The management system  450  is also responsible for tracking and maintaining state information regarding the new compute node  400 . This state information can be stored in datastore  460  in an asset record corresponding to the new compute node  400 . If the management system  450  determines, for instance, that the new compute node  400  is in an initial state, it will initiate software configuration system  440 . The management system  450  will find a configuration template that corresponds to the asset class/type of the new compute node  400  which would be designated in its asset record. The configuration template that is found will then form the basis by which the software configuration system  440  decides how and what software will be installed onto new compute node  400 . The software configuration system  440  then installs, automatically, the desired software onto the new compute node  400 .  
         [0027]    The management system  450  also initially creates the asset record at the time the new compute node  400  is requested or ordered, and maintains in that asset record any post-deployment information that would be desirable for further installation, monitoring or maintenance of the new compute node  400 . The software configuration system  440  will contain installable versions of the software that is to be installed on nodes and application software that controls the installation process.  
         [0028]    [0028]FIG. 5 is a diagram of a compute node which can be configured and managed in accordance with the various embodiments of the invention. The compute node  500  has a number of components such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit)  510  and RAM (Random Access Memory)  520 . The compute node  500  also has a bus  580  that allows these components and others to communicate with each other. For instance, compute node  500  is shown having two NICs, a primary NIC  540  (so called because it is in the primary slot) and a secondary NIC  550 . Each of these NICs are connected to other components within the node and to a LAN (Local Area Network)  590 . LAN  590  is shown merely as an example of the possible networks that the NICs may connect to. Each of NICs  540  and  550  may instead connect to separate networks. For instance, the primary NIC  540  may be connected to LAN  590  while the secondary NIC  550  is connected to a WAN (Wide Area Network) such as the Internet. Bus  580  also connects other peripheral components such as a disk  530 , which is non-volatile storage mechanism such as a hard drive.  
         [0029]    In accordance with the invention, the compute node  500  may be assembled of the components—such as CPU  510 , RAM  520 , disk  530 , primary NIC  540  and secondary NIC  550 . Prior to assembly, the bar-code information for these components may be scanned and used to create asset record. When finally deployed, the compute node  500  will send a network request message through either NIC  540  or NIC  550 . The management system will located the correct soft configuration information for the node using the MAC address of the NIC that sent the request. Next, the management system and software configuration system will install applications onto disk  530  of node  500  through one or both of the two NICs  540  and/or  550 . If the MAC address of the NIC is not known to the management system, the management system may flag the request as a possible intrusion, and start appropriate security measures. Once these applications, such as operating system software, are configured on the node  500 , it is then completely deployed as an operational part of its rack and of the data center in which its rack is housed. The CPU  510 , RAM  520  and/or disk  530  may be of such a type, speed and capacity that would warrant installing only certain software or only certain optimized or un-optimized versions of the same software. The management system would be able to determine such parameters of the install based upon the asset information about the node  500  that is contained in its asset record.  
         [0030]    When the compute node  500  boots, the components attached to the internal bus  580  become active in a specific order. Ordinarily, the primary NIC  540  being in the primary slot becomes active and can communicate with the LAN  590  before the compute node  500  is fully booted. This allows for the primary NIC  540  to act as a gateway for a new soft configuration for the node  500  to be done (soft configuration includes network identity, operating system, applications, etc.).  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 6 is a diagram of a computer implementation of one or more embodiments of the invention. Illustrated is a computer system  607 , which may be any general or special purpose computing or data processing machine such as a PC (personal computer), coupled to a network  600 . One of ordinary skill in the art may program computer system  607  to act as a management system server and/or a software configuration system server. The management system server and software configuration system server, are, in accordance with some embodiments of the invention, two separate and independently operating systems. However, it will be readily apparent that the functionality of both the management system and the software configuration system can be integrated onto as services of a single physical computer system such as system  607 . According to one or more embodiments of the invention, the system  607  or systems similar to it, would be programmed to perform the following functions when implementing a management server:  
         [0032]    Building an asset record for an ordered/requested node;  
         [0033]    Receiving a network request from a deployed node;  
         [0034]    Comparing the MAC associated with received network requests with known MACs;  
         [0035]    Interacting, managing and maintaining a database of asset records;  
         [0036]    Determining, maintaining and updating state information regarding nodes; and  
         [0037]    Finding a software configuration template that corresponds to a node needing software installation.  
         [0038]    According to one or more embodiments of the invention, the system  607  or systems similar to it, would be programmed to perform the following functions when implemented as a software configuration system server:  
         [0039]    Reading parameters contained in a software configuration template;  
         [0040]    Installing software applications on nodes needing such installation;  
         [0041]    Reinitializing non-volatile storage mechanisms in nodes already having installed software but desiring a re-install;  
         [0042]    Configuring said software applications during and after installation; and  
         [0043]    Upgrading or reconfiguring installed software applications on nodes when so desired.  
         [0044]    In either role, system  607  has a processor  612  and a memory  611 , such as RAM, which is used to store/load instructions, addresses and result data as desired. The implementation of the above functionality in software may derive from an executable or set of executables compiled from source code written in a language such as C++. The instructions of those executable(s), may be stored to a disk  618 , such as a hard drive, or memory  611 . After accessing them from storage, the software executables may then be loaded into memory  611  and its instructions executed by processor  612 . The result of such methods may include calls and directives in the case that the asset records (and related information such as software configuration templates) are stored on disk  618 , or a simple transfer of native instructions to the asset records database via network  600  if it is stored remotely. The asset records base may be stored on disk  618 , as mentioned, or stored remotely and accessed over network  600  by system  607 . Also, installable versions of software applications that are to be installed on deployed nodes may be stored on disk  618 , as mentioned, or stored remotely and accessed over network  600  by system  607 .  
         [0045]    Computer system  607  has a system bus  613  which facilitates information transfer to/from the processor  612  and memory  611  and a bridge  614  which couples to an I/O bus  615 . I/O bus  615  connects various I/O devices such as a network interface card (NIC)  616 , disk  618  and to the system memory  611  and processor  612 . The NIC  616  allows software, such as server software, executing within computer system  607  to transact data, such as requests for network addressing or software installation, to nodes or other servers connected to network  600 . Network  600  is also connected to the data center or passes through the data center, so that sections thereof, such as deployed nodes placed in racks and management and software configuration systems, can communicate with system  607 .  
         [0046]    The exemplary embodiments described herein are provided merely to illustrate the principles of the invention and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. Rather, the principles of the invention may be applied to a wide range of systems to achieve the advantages described herein and to achieve other advantages or to satisfy other objectives as well.