Abstract:
An improved material for use in juvenile products has utility as a canopy covering, for example, a playyard structure or stroller. The improved material substantially blocks visible, infrared, and ultraviolet light from passing through to the child or infant and provides protection from this potentially harmful radiation. Blocking infrared radiation also advantageously prevents heat build up in the juvenile product. The preferred construction includes a fabric layer and a metalized layer to form a lightweight and flexible material.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     The present invention relates to an improved material for use in a canopy, and in particular, to such a material with improved radiation blocking characteristics for use in a juvenile product. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     In general, conventional juvenile products include such items as playyards, strollers, bassinets, car seats, walkers, and non-moving entertainment devices. Some juvenile products are even convertible between several functions (e.g, a car seat and a carrying bassinet). Conventional juvenile products are often adapted for convenient outdoor use, and the child (or infant) is often exposed to outdoor elements, including sunlight, heat, and other radiations such as ultraviolet (UV) light and infrared (IR) light. 
     As is known, children are often very sensitive to the outdoor elements, and must be protected therefrom. In particular, children are often very sensitive to sunlight, UV radiation (which can result in sunburn), and IR radiation (which, in conjunction with the ambient temperature, can overheat the child). Of course, because these sensitivities are well known, the parents or caregivers must constantly monitor the child&#39;s status and condition. 
     Conventional techniques to protect the child have included moving the child under cover, or covering the juvenile product with a cotton fabric canopy. However, these conventional techniques suffer from several disadvantages. Oftentimes, it is not convenient to move the child under cover. Additionally, many conventional cotton canopies are very thin and do not substantially block the light from passing through. Furthermore, conventional cotton canopies do not adequately block UV radiation and/or IR radiation. Although not generally recommended, it has been reported that some parents or caregivers have placed towels or other objects over the juvenile product in an attempt to provide protection for the child. As can be expected, this approach suffers from many additional difficulties, including inadequate ventilation, inconvenient use and storage, and ineffectiveness. As can be seen, these deficiencies and inadequacies often limit the usefulness and convenience of the juvenile product by limiting the extent and conditions of its appropriate use. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances and has as an object to overcome the deficiencies and inadequacies of the prior art. 
     A further object of the present invention is to provide a material for use in a canopy which substantially blocks light from passing through it. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a material for use in a canopy which substantially blocks UV and IR radiation from passing through it. 
     A still further object of the present invention is to provide a material for use in a canopy which minimizes the temperature inside the juvenile product. 
     Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objects and advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by means of the elements and combinations particularly pointed out in the appended claims. 
     To achieve the objects and in accordance with the purpose of the invention, as embodied and broadly described herein, the invention comprises a fabric layer and a radiation blocking layer, wherein the radiation layer substantially blocks UV radiation and IR radiation from passing therethrough. 
     It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only are not restrictive of the invention, as claimed. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate one embodiment of the invention and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings: 
     FIG. 1 is an exploded cross-sectional view of a preferred material for use in a canopy in accordance with the present invention; 
     FIGS. 2A and 2B are graphs of the test data from Example 1; 
     FIGS. 3A, 3B and 4 are graphs of the test data from Example 2; 
     FIGS. 5A, 5B and 6 are graphs of the test data from Example 3; 
     FIG. 7 is a graph of the test data from Example 4; 
     FIG. 8 is a graph of the test data from Example 5; 
     FIG. 9 is a graph of the test data from Example 6; and 
     FIG. 10 is a graph of the test data from Example 7. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Reference will now be made in detail to the present preferred embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Wherever possible, the same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like parts. 
     In accordance with the invention, the present invention includes an improved material for use in a canopy of a juvenile product comprising a fabric layer and a radiation blocking layer. An example of a preferred use of the improved material according to the present invention can be found in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 08/738,236, new pending, filed concurrently herewith on Oct. 25, 1996, entitled &#34;Playyard System and Canopy,&#34; invented by Steven Glenn Gerhart, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. 
     As embodied herein and shown in FIG. 1, the improved material 100 comprises a fabric material 102 and a radiation blocking layer 104. As shown in FIG. 1, a preferred orientation of the material 100 is to have the radiation (indicated by the downward arrow in FIG. 1) incident on the fabric material 102. The radiation depicted by the arrow generally represents that present in an outdoor environment, including sunlight, UV, and IR radiation. FIG. 1 also shows a preferred bonding layer 106 to bond the fabric layer 102 and the radiation blocking layer 104. The bonding layer 106 is disposed between the fabric layer 102 and the radiation blocking layer 104 and then heated and laminated to achieve appropriate bonding. Most preferably, the bonding layer 106 comprises a polyurethane adhesive (i.e., a powder). It should be appreciated that FIG. 1 is not drawn to scale. 
     The radiation blocking layer 104 is preferably disposed adjacent to the fabric layer 102, most preferably with a bonding layer 106 therebeteween. It should be appreciated, however, that additional layers could be considered. For example, additional layers (not shown) could be added above the fabric layer 102 to add color or create a desired appearance or achieve desired properties. Additionally, bonding could be accomplished by using a carrier material with a bonding agent (not shown) as the bonding layer 106, or a so-called Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) film process (not shown) could be used to laminate the fabric material 102 and the radiation blocking layer 104. 
     In accordance with the invention, the fabric layer 102 comprises a 150-210 denier fabric material, preferably 210 denier. The preferred fabric material should provide a lightweight and flexible component for the material 100. For example, a 210 denier nylon, polyester, or polycotton fabric material could be used. 
     The radiation blocking layer 104 is sufficiently thin to meet the requirements of the present invention, as described infra, while retaining the advantageous properties of flexibility and lightweight properties. The radiation blocking layer 104 preferably comprises an aluminized layer of about 16 microns thick. Of course, it should be understood that other types of radiation blocking layers could be utilized to achieve the primary radiation blocking advantages of the present invention. For example, other metallic materials (preferably not compounded with lead) with appropriate thicknesses could be considered. 
     The following discussion provides seven examples of tested materials, including several preferred embodiments of the material 100 according to the present invention in a variety of configurations. 
     The following test data for examples 1-3 were obtained from ETL Testing Laboratories, Inc. of Courtland, New York, and shows UV transmitted for wave lengths ranging from 200 nm to 400 nm. Data was taken for 10 run wavelength intervals at every 25 hours of UV exposure. The transmittance is expressed as a percentage transmittance, or as a blocking percentage (equal to 100 minus the transmittance). For examples 4-7, the test data was also obtained from ETL Labs, and shows IR transmittance for wave lengths ranging from 750 nm to 2500 nm. Data was taken for 50 nm wavelength intervals and transmittance is expressed as a percentage transmittance, or as a blocking percentage. 
     Of course, it should be appreciated that various averages can be calculated or other calculations performed for the data which follows. 
     EXAMPLE ONE 
     Example 1 is directed to a 210 denier multi-colored polycotton fabric test material without a radiation blocking layer. 
     
                       TABLE I______________________________________UV    INITIAL    25 HOURS   50 HOURS 75 HOURSWave- %          %          %        % Trans-length Transmissivity            Transmissivity                       Transmissivity                                missivity______________________________________200 nm 0.91       1.21       1.11     1.20210 nm 0.97       1.28       1.15     1.25220 nm 1.02       1.35       1.21     1.30230 nm 1.11       1.43       1.30     1.39240 nm 1.23       1.51       1.36     1.47250 nm 1.36       1.62       1.46     1.54260 nm 1.39       1.68       1.53     1.61270 nm 1.45       1.72       1.56     1.66280 nm 1.44       1.77       1.55     1.69290 nm 1.50       1.79       1.63     1.66300 nm 1.55       1.82       1.67     1.81310 nm 1.80       2.10       2.09     1.92320 nm 3.21       4.21       4.66     4.64330 nm 3.75       5.56       5.67     5.50340 nm 3.82       5.84       6.20     5.91350 nm 3.92       6.27       6.71     6.37360 nm 4.29       7.20       7.76     7.40370 nm 4.68       8.24       8.97     8.61380 nm 6.04       10.26      11.10    10.70390 nm 7.77       12.09      12.99    12.59400 nm 12.61      16.26      17.11    16.49______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE II______________________________________UV    INITIAL    25 HOURS   50 HOURS 75 HOURSWave- %          %          %        % Trans-length Transmissivity            Transmissivity                       Transmissivity                                missivity______________________________________200 nm 0.88       1.34       1.30     1.30210 nm 0.93       1.39       1.39     1.38220 nm 0.99       1.46       1.46     1.44230 nm 1.06       1.57       1.58     1.54240 nm 1.18       1.67       1.69     1.63250 nm 1.33       1.78       1.79     1.73260 nm 1.41       1.86       1.88     1.81270 nm 1.43       1.90       1.93     1.84280 nm 1.45       1.93       1.98     1.92290 nm 1.60       1.97       2.01     1.97300 nm 1.72       2.00       2.01     1.97310 nm 1.86       2.30       2.51     2.09320 nm 4.54       5.01       6.07     5.12330 nm 5.52       6.40       8.33     6.86340 nm 5.57       6.77       8.98     7.41350 nm 5.67       7.30       9.83     8.10360 nm 6.07       8.36       11.61    9.52370 nm 6.33       9.47       13.50    11.15380 nm 7.47       11.44      16.30    13.65390 nm 8.33       13.09      17.83    15.58400 nm 11.48      17.34      22.56    20.23______________________________________ 
    
     The data from Tables I and II is graphically shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B. As can be seen, the transmittance of UV rapidly increases above about the 310 nm wavelength. The data in Tables I and II represent identical tests on identical material, and accordingly any differences between measurements represent experimental error. 
     EXAMPLE TWO 
     The following Tables III and IV show data for a 210 denier multi-colored polycotton fabric including a radiation blocking layer (aluminized) with the printed side exposed to the radiation. 
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________UV    INITIAL    25 HOURS   50 HOURS 75 HOURSWave- %          %          %        % Trans-length Transmissivity            Transmissivity                       Transmissivity                                missivity______________________________________200 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00210 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00220 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00230 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00240 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00250 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00260 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00270 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00280 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00290 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00300 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00310 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00320 nm 0.00       0.02       0.01     0.01330 nm 0.03       0.03       0.02     0.00340 nm 0.03       0.03       0.03     0.01350 nm 0.04       0.05       0.04     0.02360 nm 0.05       0.07       0.07     0.04370 nm 0.06       0.11       0.11     0.07380 nm 0.09       0.15       0.16     0.11390 nm 0.13       0.20       0.21     0.16400 nm 0.25       0.31       0.33     0.24______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE IV______________________________________UV    INITIAL    25 HOURS   50 HOURS 75 HOURSWave- %          %          %        % Trans-length Transmissivity            Transmissivity                       Transmissivity                                missivity______________________________________200 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00210 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00220 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00230 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00240 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00250 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00260 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00270 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00280 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00290 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00300 nm 0.00       0.01       0.00     0.00310 nm 0.01       0.01       0.00     0.00320 nm 0.02       0.02       0.02     0.00330 nm 0.05       0.04       0.03     0.00340 nm 0.05       0.05       0.04     0.01350 nm 0.06       0.06       0.06     0.03360 nm 0.08       0.10       0.09     0.06370 nm 0.11       0.15       0.15     0.11380 nm 0.15       0.21       0.21     0.17390 nm 0.21       0.27       0.29     0.23400 nm 0.42       0.42       0.41     0.34______________________________________ 
    
     The data in Tables III and IV are graphically shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B. As can be seen, the sample in this test substantially blocks the UV radiation, with only a slight increase in transmittance above about 300 nm in wavelength. The data in Tables III and IV represent tests on identical samples. 
     Table V shows the data from a test for an identical sample as tested in Tables III and IV. However, the opposite side of the sample was exposed to the radiation (i.e., the radiation blocking layer is on top). 
     
                       TABLE V______________________________________UV    INITIAL    25 HOURS   50 HOURS 75 HOURSWave- %          %          %        % Trans-length Transmissivity            Transmissivity                       Transmissivity                                missivity______________________________________200 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00210 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00220 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00230 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00240 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00250 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00260 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00270 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00280 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00290 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00300 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00310 nm 0.01       0.02       0.01     0.01320 nm 0.04       0.03       0.02     0.02330 nm 0.05       0.04       0.03     0.03340 nm 0.05       0.04       0.04     0.04350 nm 0.06       0.05       0.05     0.05360 nm 0.08       0.07       0.07     0.07370 nm 0.10       0.09       0.09     0.10380 nm 0.14       0.13       0.13     0.15390 nm 0.19       0.19       0.19     0.22400 nm 0.37       0.36       0.37     0.41______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 4 shows the data for the sample tested in Table V, and again indicates that the sample substantially blocks UV radiation with only a slight increase above 310 nm wavelength. 
     EXAMPLE THREE 
     Tables VI and VII below indicate the test data from a 210 denier aqua colored polycotton fabric including a radiation blocking layer (aluminized) with the fabric layer exposed to the radiation. 
     
                       TABLE VI______________________________________UV    INITIAL    25 HOURS   50 HOURS 75 HOURSWave- %          %          %        % Trans-length Transmissivity            Transmissivity                       Transmissivity                                missivity______________________________________200 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00210 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00220 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00230 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00240 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00250 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00260 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00270 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00280 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00290 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00300 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00310 nm 0.00       0.01       0.01     0.00320 nm 0.02       0.01       0.00     0.00330 nm 0.01       0.01       0.01     0.00340 nm 0.01       0.01       0.01     0.00350 nm 0.01       0.01       0.01     0.00360 nm 0.02       0.01       0.01     0.01370 nm 0.02       0.01       0.02     0.01380 nm 0.03       0.02       0.02     0.02390 nm 0.04       0.03       0.04     0.03400 nm 0.08       0.06       0.07     0.07______________________________________ 
    
     
                       TABLE VII______________________________________UV    INITIAL    25 HOURS   50 HOURS 75 HOURSWave- %          %          %        % Trans-length Transmissivity            Transmissivity                       Transmissivity                                missivity______________________________________200 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00210 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00220 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00230 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00240 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00250 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00260 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00270 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00280 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00290 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00300 nm 0.00       0.00       0.00     0.00310 nm 0.01       0.00       0.00     0.00320 nm 0.01       0.00       0.00     0.00330 nm 0.02       0.01       0.01     0.00340 nm 0.02       0.01       0.01     0.00350 nm 0.02       0.01       0.01     0.01360 nm 0.02       0.02       0.02     0.01370 nm 0.03       0.02       0.02     0.02380 nm 0.04       0.03       0.03     0.03390 nm 0.06       0.05       0.05     0.05400 nm 0.10       0.08       0.08     0.08______________________________________ 
    
     FIGS. 5A and 5B graphically show the data from Tables VI and VII above. As can be seen, the data for this example indicates that the UV is substantially blocked with a slight increase above 310 nm wavelength. The data in Table VI and VII represent tests on identical samples. Also, it should be appreciated that this example provides a stronger blocking factor than the previous data shown in Tables III, IV, and V. 
     Table VIII shows the test data from the identical fabric tested in Tables VI and VII with the opposite side exposed (i.e., inverted) to the radiation (i.e., with the radiation blocking layer on top). 
     
                       TABLE VIII______________________________________INITIAL   25 HOURS    50 HOURS    75 HOURS%         %           %           %Transmissivity     Transmissivity                 Transmissivity                             Transmissivity______________________________________0.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.00        0.00        0.000.00      0.01        0.01        0.000.01      0.01        0.01        0.010.02      0.01        0.01        0.020.02      0.01        0.02        0.040.02      0.02        0.02        0.050.03      0.03        0.03        0.070.04      0.03        0.04        0.080.04      0.03        0.04        0.080.04      0.03        0.04        0.080.04      0.03        0.04        0.08______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 6 graphically shows the data from Table VIII and again indicates that the UV radiation is substantially blocked with a slight increase above 310 nm. The data in Table VIII indicates that a slightly higher percentage transmittance factor for the inverted test sample. 
     The following Examples 4-7 relate to the percentage of IR radiation transmitted for the various test materials. 
     EXAMPLE FOUR 
     Table IX indicates test data for transmittance versus wavelength for the infrared spectrum for a sample 210 denier multi-colored polycotton fabric without a radiation blocking layer fabric. 
     
                       TABLE IX______________________________________Wavelength    Percent Spectral                 Wavelength Percent Spectral(nanometers)    Transmittance                 (nanometers)                            Transmittance______________________________________750      16.1         1650       38.49800      27.52        1700       38.51850      34.89        1750       39.68900      37.63        1800       40.56950      39.12        1850       40.601000     40.16        1900       40.861050     40.98        1950       39.251100     41.12        2000       40.591150     41.74        2050       37.101200     42.26        2100       32.091250     42.91        2150       31.361300     43.27        2200       34.361350     42.82        2250       27.491400     41.36        2300       25.461450     39.82        2350       23.531500     39.34        2400       24.641550     39.89        2450       21.181600     40.59        2500       21.68______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 7 shows a graph of the data in Table IX and shows that a very substantial portion of IR radiation is transmitted through the sample fabric. The average percentage of IR transmittance over the measured wavelengths is 35.8% (Blocking 64.2%). 
     EXAMPLE FIVE 
     table X shows test data for a 210 denier blue colored nylon sample including a radiation blocking layer with the colored fabric side exposed to the radiation. 
     
                       TABLE X______________________________________Wavelength    Percent Spectral                 Wavelength Percent Spectral(nanometers)    Transmittance                 (nanometers)                            Transmittance______________________________________750      2.39         1650       2.41800      2.85         1700       2.01850      3.62         1750       1.77900      4.03         1800       1.78950      4.27         1850       1.761000     4.27         1900       1.621050     4.21         1950       1.471100     4.09         2000       1.371150     4.01         2050       1.111200     3.73         2100       1.171250     3.73         2150       0.9651300     3.61         2200       0.8811350     3.38         2250       0.8211400     3.01         2300       0.5181450     2.88         2350       0.4821500     2.69         2400       0.4531550     2.56         2450       0.5741600     2.50         2500       0.208______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 8 graphically shows the test data in Table X. As can be seen, the test sample substantially blocks the IR radiation and has an average transmittance of 2.31% over the range of wavelengths tested (Blocking 97.69%). 
     EXAMPLE SIX 
     Table XI shows test data for a 150 denier green patterned polyester sample including a radiation blocking layer (aluminized) with the fabric side exposed to the radiation. 
     
                       TABLE XI______________________________________Wavelength   Percent Spectral                Wavelength Percent Spectral(nanometers)   Transmittance                (nanometers)                           Transmittance______________________________________750     0.0664       1650       0.765800     0.191        1700       0.688850     0.645        1750       0.701900     1.09         1800       0.687950     1.28         1850       0.71000    1.35         1900       0.6741050    1.34         1950       0.6171100    1.30         2000       0.6231150    1.26         2050       0.5791200    1.26         2100       0.4921250    1.24         2150       0.4281300    1.20         2200       0.4521350    1.13         2250       0.2531400    1.03         2300       0.2281450    1.01         2350       0.141500    1.01         2400       0.2751550    0.993        2450       0.3081600    0.955        2500       0.206______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 9 graphically shows the test data in Table XI. As can be seen, the test data show an improved performance over the prior example, and have an average percent IR transmittance of 0.75% (Blocking 99.25%). 
     EXAMPLE SEVEN 
     Table XII shows test data for 150 denier aqua colored polyester sample including a radiation blocking layer (aluminized) with the fabric side exposed to the radiation. 
     
                       TABLE XII______________________________________Wavelength   Percent Spectral                Wavelength Percent Spectral(nanometers)   Transmittance                (nanometers)                           Transmittance______________________________________750     0.356        1650       0.7800     0.586        1700       0.664850     0.867        1750       0.649900     1.1          1800       0.623950     1.19         1850       0.6221000    1.21         1900       0.5781050    1.2          1950       0.5331100    1.16         2000       0.5151150    0.99         2050       0.4571200    0.933        2100       0.4281250    0.892        2150       0.3081300    0.84         2200       0.3251350    0.769        2250       0.1621400    0.693        2300       0.1231450    0.687        2350       0.1621500    0.69         2400       0.1671550    0.69         2450       0.1121600    0.672        2500       0.153______________________________________ 
    
     FIG. 10 shows the test data in Table XII, and indicates even further improved performance. The average IR transmittance is 0.63% for this sample (Blocking 99.37%). 
     It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the improved material for use in a canopy of the present invention and in construction of this canopy without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. 
     Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.