Abstract:
The present invention relates to computer systems and in particular to a file distribution method and method of manufacture by which a file, representing, for example, software, that has not been approved from a quality assurance perspective is loaded, before shipment of a computer, onto a storage medium of that computer and after shipment, the file or software is enabled to allow it to be utilized appropriately, subject to a corresponding usable version of the file having passed appropriate wuality assurance tests. The embodiments of the invention confer at least two advantages. Firstly, the conventional software quality assurance approval process is avoided prior to shipment, which leads to the avoidance of potential delays in the manufacture of the computer system, and, secondly, the conventional downloads associated with obtaining on-line support and maintenance are avoided.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to computer systems and, more particularly, to file distribution/processing and, in particular, to a method of distributing, for example, files for client computers as well as a method of manufacturing computers.  
         BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, that computer support and maintenance, in particular if it involves sending technically trained personnel to a customer&#39;s site, represents a significant financial burden for the suppliers of any such support and maintenance. Therefore, within today&#39;s web-enabled environment, it is common practice for the vast majority of computer manufacturers to provide, to the maximum extent they possibly can, such support and maintenance using web servers. Typically, upon accessing a maintenance and support web-server page, a customer is required to download a program that can be used for diagnostics or trouble-shooting to identify and, preferably, fix any technical issues which need to be addressed. It will be appreciated that in some instances any such diagnostics software must be comprehensive in its functionality, that is, it must be capable of identifying and fixing a wide range of possible problems. Accordingly, it is not uncommon for such diagnostics software to comprise more than, for example, 5 Mb. The download from a web-server of 5 Mb, even at modest modem or network data rates, may take at least 30 minutes to 1 hour.  
           [0003]    An alternative manner of guaranteeing that a customer has access to suitable trouble-shooting software is to ensure that the trouble-shooting software is already resident, that is, is pre-loaded, on the customer&#39;s computer. However, a typical computer manufacturing cycle involves a significant degree of quality assurance testing in terms of both hardware and software before a client machine and associated software to be loaded onto the client machine are shipped to a customer. In particular, it is often the case that stringent quality assurance testing for software needs to be performed very early in the hardware development life cycle, that is, while the hardware platforms are still being developed. An adverse consequence of software failing one quality assurance test is that the shipment date for the client computer may be delayed significantly. Therefore, to meet shipment time scales, all software preloaded onto hardware to be shipped must have undergone and passed appropriate quality assurance testing. However, applying such a criterion as a condition precedent to be satisfied prior to loading software onto a computer can, in some circumstances, limit the range or functionality of software that is available to a customer who purchases a client machine. Furthermore, developing and pre-loading quality assured software at an early stage in the hardware development life cycle can represent a significant financial burden.  
           [0004]    It is an object of the present invention at least to mitigate some of the problems of the prior art.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    Accordingly, a first aspect of the present invention provides a method of processing a first file for a first computer, the first computer comprising a storage medium storing the first file in an unusable form; the unusable form being such that the first file cannot be used, without further processing, for a predetermined purpose; the first file having been stored on a storage medium in the unusable form on a date prior to a corresponding usable form of the first file having passed at least one predetermined test, the method comprising the steps of:  
           [0006]    transmitting, to a second computer, a request for access to the first file in a usable form; and  
           [0007]    converting, in response to receiving a communication from the second computer, the first file from the unusable form to the usable form, in which the first file can be used for the predetermined purpose, to produce at the first computer a first file that has passed the predetermined test.  
           [0008]    Advantageously, the present invention allows a file representing, for example, software that has not passed a quality assurance test, to be pre-loaded onto a machine in a form such that it cannot be used or executed which, in turn, does not delay shipment of the machine by requiring, prior to shipment, appropriate pre-load quality assurance testing to have been undertaken and passed. This process, in the event of the software failing a quality assurance test, avoids delaying shipment of a machine.  
           [0009]    A second aspect of the present invention provides a method of manufacturing a computer comprising a storage medium; the method comprising the steps of  
           [0010]    storing a first file in an unusable form on the storage medium, the first file being amenable to being converted to a usable form in which the first file can be used for an intended purpose; the first file having been stored on the storage medium in the unusable form on a date prior to a corresponding usable form of the first file having passed at least one predetermined test; and  
           [0011]    shipping the computer from a manufacturing facility in a condition such that the first file is in the unusable form.  
           [0012]    Since the file cannot be used inadvertently by a user, the manufacturing process for a computer is not delayed by the extensive and expensive quality assurance testing that conventionally takes place very early in the development cycle of a new hardware platform.  
           [0013]    Preferably, an embodiment provides a method further comprising the step of subjecting, after at least one of said shipping or storing, the corresponding useable form of the first file to the at least one predetermined test.  
           [0014]    A still further advantage of embodiments of the present invention is the realisation of a reduction in the time expended, and the amount of traffic that needs to be exchanged between the client machine and a remote server, to produce, at the client machine, a quality assured software product. Hence, the typically long download times associated with prior art web-based support and maintenance services are avoided. In particular, the need to download a large application or file is avoided.  
           [0015]    It will be appreciated that the user of a client machine may be located within a different country to the server via which they are obtaining, for example, support services.  
           [0016]    It will be appreciated that the step of converting a file that is already resident on the storage medium of the computer from an unusable form to a usable form avoids the conventional downloads that are associated with obtaining on-line support and maintenance assistance.  
           [0017]    Due to the files being stored in an unusable form the risk that a user of the computer will invoke inadvertently the pre-loaded file is reduced substantially, and preferably minimised.  
           [0018]    An embodiment preferably provides a method in which the step of converting comprises at least changing the file name to render the first file usable. Preferably, the step of changing the file name comprises the step of changing a file extension of the first file. If the file in the usable form is intended to be, for example, software, an embodiment preferably provides a method in which the step of changing the file extension comprises changing the file extension such that the file is converted to an executable file from a non-executable file.  
           [0019]    It will be appreciated that in some instances a user may not have the requisite access permissions to change the attributes of a file. Suitably, an embodiment provides a method in which the file, having a name in a first format, is copied to a file having a name complying with a second format. Preferably, an embodiment provides for copying a file having a *.dat format to a file having a *.exe format. It can be appreciated that such a method avoids the need for a user to have appropriate access permissions for file attributes to produce a file capable of performing an intended or predetermined function.  
           [0020]    The use of such an elegant technique to enable a file, that is, to render a file usable by changing the file extension, allows the amount of data to be exchanged between a client and a server to produce, at the client, a useable form of the file to be reduced substantially as compared to having to download the file in a usable form from the server. Having changed the file extension to an extension that will be recognised by, for example, other software, such as an operating system or an application, the file can be applied or used for the predetermined purpose.  
           [0021]    It will be appreciated that the above is applicable equally to, for example, data files. Suitably, embodiments preferably provide a method in which the step of changing the file extension comprises changing the file extension such that the file becomes a data file. The data file may represent, for example, multi-media or audio/visual content.  
           [0022]    The client machine preferably interacts with a server. Accordingly, a third aspect of the present invention provides a method of facilitating access to a first file stored on a storage medium of a first computer; the first file being stored in an unusable form, but being amenable to conversion to a usable form in which the first file can be used for a predetermined purpose, and having been stored on the storage medium in the unusable form on a date prior to the usable form of the first file having passed at least one predetermined test; the method comprising the steps of  
           [0023]    receiving, at a second computer, identification data associated with at least one of the first computer and the first file;  
           [0024]    determining from the identification data whether or not the first file should be converted to the usable form; and  
           [0025]    transmitting, to the first computer, data to enable the conversion of the first file from the unusable form to the usable form.  
           [0026]    Preferably, an embodiment provides a method in which the step of determining comprises the step of accessing, using the identification data, a database comprising data relating to the configuration of the first computer including an indication of whether or not the first file should be allowed to be converted to the usable form;  
           [0027]    determining from the data whether or not the first file in the usable form has passed at least one predetermined test; and  
           [0028]    transmitting data to the first computer to convert the first file from the unusable form to a usable form if it was determined that the first file in the usable form had passed the at least one predetermined test.  
           [0029]    If the file that was pre-loaded, prior to shipment, onto the storage medium of a computer does not, in that form, pass any subsequent testing such as various quality assurance testing, that pre-loaded file cannot or at least should not be used.  
           [0030]    Therefore, an embodiment provides a method further comprising the steps of  
           [0031]    accessing, using the identification data, a database comprising data relating to the configuration of the first computer which includes an indication of whether or not the first file in the usable form has passed at least one predetermined test;  
           [0032]    determining from the data whether or not the first file in the usable form has passed at least one predetermined test; and  
           [0033]    transmitting, to the first computer, an updated version of, or at least a portion of, the first file, which has passed the at least one predetermined test, if it was determined that the first file in the usable form had not passed the at least one predetermined test.  
           [0034]    Hence, only the most recently approved version of the file is used by a user of the machine.  
           [0035]    It will be appreciated that software is developed generally in a modular manner. Therefore, each module may be amenable to being tested and approved independently of other modules forming software as a whole. Hence, a still further aspect of the present invention provides a method in which the first file comprises at least two portions; the method further comprising the steps of  
           [0036]    determining, at the second computer, whether or not at least one of the two portions has passed a respective predetermined test; and  
           [0037]    transmitting, to the first computer, an updated portion, that has passed a respective predetermined test, which corresponds to that portion of the two portions which has not passed the respective predetermined test.  
           [0038]    Preferably, an embodiment provides a method in which the step of transmitting, to the first computer, the updated portion is executed before at least the step of converting the first file from an unusable form to a usable form.  
           [0039]    It will be appreciated that even though the software, or file, as a whole may be deemed to have failed an appropriate quality assurance test, the need to download the complete file is avoided by only updating or downloading updated modules corresponding to those modules of the software or file which caused the failure. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0040]    Embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:  
         [0041]    [0041]FIG. 1 shows schematically system components used in implementing a method or system according to the present invention;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIG. 2 shows a flow chart of an embodiment; and  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 3 shows a flow chart to synchronise or update files at a client machine according to a further embodiment. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0044]    Referring to FIG. 1 there is shown a system  100  including a client machine  102 , which has an associated storage medium  104  comprising, for example, diagnostic or trouble-shooting software  106 , in a disabled, that is, in an unexecutable or unusable form. The disabled software  106  has been pre-loaded prior to shipment of the client machine  102  without that software having passed the conventional appropriate quality assurance testing that is normally required before software is conventionally allowed to be loaded onto the computer.  
         [0045]    It will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that a file is deemed to be usable within the context of embodiments of the present invention if the file, when invoked, can be used for, or used to perform, an intended or predetermined purpose or function. The predetermined purpose or function is that function or purpose for which the author of the file created the file. A file is deemed to be unusable within the context of embodiments of the present invention if the file is not usable, that is, the file, if invoked, cannot be used for, or used to perform, an intended or predetermined purpose or function. Again, the predetermined purpose or function is that function or purpose for which the author of the file created the file. References to a file being enabled or disabled shall be construed in light of the above.  
         [0046]    The client computer  102  is shown as being connected to a communications network  108  such as, for example, the Internet. The client machine  102  can access, via the network  108 , a server  110 , such as, for example, a support and maintenance server, which stores a number of files  116  that can be used to update the software that is resident upon the storage medium  104  of the client  102  or that is resident within the client machine or resident on or in a device connected to or forming part of the client machine. The files  116  are stored on the server in an associated database  114 , that is, file repository, which also contains an indication of whether or not the files have been approved from a quality assurance perspective. Preferably, the files  116  represent quality assured software.  
         [0047]    Typically, a user wishing to perform a diagnostics check or to update software resident on their client machine  102  would utilise a web browser  118  to access an appropriate maintenance web-page  120  accessible by the server  110 . The web-page  120  is stored typically within a web-page directory  113 . The web-page loads a program, preferably a trusted applet  126 , into the browser  118  that can interrogate or retrieve system identification data  122  of the client machine  102 . The system identification data  122  is transmitted to the server for processing via version assessment software  112 . The version assessment software  112  retrieves, from the database  114 , a manifest file  117 , which corresponds to the retrieved system identification data  122 . The manifest file  117  provides an indication of the software that is currently loaded on the client machine  102  together with an indication of whether or not that software has been approved from a quality assurance perspective.  
         [0048]    The manifest data  117  also contains an indication of the status of any software that has been pre-loaded or subsequently loaded onto the client machine  102 . The status information provides an indication of whether or not any disabled, pre-loaded, software, such as, for example, pre-loaded diagnostics software  106 , has been enabled after shipment of the client machine  102 .  
         [0049]    If the version assessment software  112  determines that the pre-loaded software  106  has not been enabled, action is taken by the server to enable the pre-loaded software  106 . Firstly, a determination is made as to whether or not the pre-loaded software, or, more accurately, a corresponding version of it, has passed appropriate quality assurance testing after loading onto, or after shipment of, the computer  102 . If the pre-loaded software  106  has passed such quality assurance testing, the server  110  transmits appropriate information to the applet  126  within the web-browser  118  of the client machine  102 , which can be used to enable the pre-loaded software  106 . Upon receipt of the appropriate information, the applet  126  undertakes the necessary steps to enable the pre-loaded software to allow it to be executed or to be used for a predetermined purpose at the client machine. In an embodiment, the appropriate information may comprise identification data of the pre-loaded software and/or data representing an instruction or command for the applet  126  to render the pre-loaded file capable of use. Such information may comprise a relatively small number of bytes.  
         [0050]    It will be appreciated that the time taken to transmit such data, from the server  110  to the applet  126 , to enable the pre-loaded software  106  will be significantly less than the time that would have been taken to transmit the software from the server  110  to the client machine  102 , depending upon the size of the software to be transmitted and the data rate of the link between the client machine  102  and the server  110 .  
         [0051]    Conventionally, software to be pre-loaded onto a machine prior to shipment, should be pre-loaded at a relatively early stage in the manufacturing cycle of the machine so that the software can be tested comprehensively. However, since embodiments of the present invention allow the software to be pre-loaded in a disabled form, without having to pass such quality assurance testing, prior to shipment, the software can be pre-loaded much later in the manufacturing cycle than conventional. It can also be appreciated that since the pre-loaded software has been loaded onto the client machine  102  without having passed any or all quality assurance tests, the quality assurance testing of such pre-loaded software can take place a significant period of time later than the initial loading of the software onto the storage medium  104 . As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, performing quality assurance testing at a relatively late stage in a product development cycle bears the benefit of significantly reduced quality assurance testing costs since, as the hardware platform development cycle progresses, there is a significantly reduced likelihood that the hardware platform will change to such an extent as to require significant software modification and associated quality assurance re-testing.  
         [0052]    Referring to FIG. 2, there is shown an embodiment of a flow chart  200  that illustrates the processing undertaken by the client machine  102  and the server  110  when, for example, a user of the client machine  102  attempts to download software from the server  110 . The software may represent, for example, updated drivers for, or new, software intended to be installed upon the client machine  102  or the preloaded software  106 .  
         [0053]    At step  202 , the client machine  102  accesses a web-page  120  of the server  110  using an appropriate URL. In response to receiving a get command containing the URL, the server  110  transmits the web-page  120  to the client machine  102  so that it can be rendered by the browser  118 . The web-page  120  comprises an embedded, trusted, applet  126 , which retrieves at the client machine  102  a unique identification code, that is, the system identification data  122 , associated with the client machine  102 . The applet  126  transmits the system identification data  122  to the server  110  at step  206 . At steps  208  and  210  the server  110  receives the system identification data  122  and identifies, within the data base  114 , a manifest file  117  that provides an indication of the current configuration of the client machine  102  corresponding to the system identification data  122 . Preferably, the get command also contains an indication of a requested software or service. Hence, it is determined, at step  212 , whether or not the requested software, or software required for the requested service, has been pre-loaded, before shipment, onto the storage medium  104  of the client machine  102 . If the requested software has not been pre-loaded onto the storage medium  104  of the client machine  102 , a download of the appropriate software is instigated at step  214  in the conventional manner.  
         [0054]    However, if it is determined at step  212  that the requested software has been pre-loaded in a disabled form onto the storage medium  104  of the client machine  102 , it is determined whether or not the corresponding version of the pre-loaded software has, after shipment or after having been pre-loaded, been approved from a quality assurance perspective. The server  110  identifies the latest quality approved version information of the requested software from the Q/A approved data base  116  and compares that version information with the version information contained within the manifest file  117  for the client machine  102 .  
         [0055]    If the corresponding version of the pre-loaded, disabled, software has not been approved after shipment or after having been pre-loaded, the requested software, that is, an approved version, preferably, is retrieved by the server  110  from the Q/A approved software data base  116  and downloaded to the client machine  102  at step  214  in the conventional manner.  
         [0056]    However, if it is determined, at step  216 , that the corresponding version of the pre-loaded, but disabled, software has been approved after shipment, or, preferably, at least after having been loaded in a disabled form upon the client machine  102 , data is transmitted, at step  218 , from the server  110  to the applet  126  to instruct the latter to enable the pre-loaded software.  
         [0057]    It can be appreciated from FIG. 2 that the client machine  102  performs corresponding actions to those undertaken by the server  110 . Therefore, it can be seen that if the server instigates a download of the requested software at step  214 , the client machine  102  detects the instigation of the download at step  220  and receives and installs the requested software at step  222 . After any such download, the user can execute the downloaded software in the conventional manner.  
         [0058]    If instigation of a download is not detected at step  220 , the client machine  102  determines, at step  224 , whether enabling data, or an enable command, has been received from the server  110 . In the event that enabling data, or an enabling command, has not been received, control returns to step  220 . However, if the server  110  transmits enabling data, or an enabling command, at step  218 , to the embedded applet  126 , the applet, at steps  226  and  228 , receives the enabling data, or enabling command, and takes appropriate action to render the pre-loaded software accessible or executable, that is, the pre-loaded file is rendered capable of use for its intended purpose.  
         [0059]    In an embodiment, the pre-loaded software  106  is pre-loaded onto the storage medium  104  as a data file, that is, as a *.DAT file. It will be appreciated that due to the .DAT extension, this file will not be treated by an operating system (not shown) as an executable file. The file will be treated as a mere data file. The applet  126  transmitted from the server  110  is such that the applet  126  can operate out of the sand-box. The applet  126  changes the .DAT extension of the pre-loaded software  106  to a .EXE extension so that the operating system will treat the file as containing executable code. Thereafter, a user may execute the pre-loaded software  106  in the conventional manner.  
         [0060]    Conventionally, software is designed and written in a modular manner. Such an approach has the advantage that individual modules can be tested and approved from, for example, a quality assurance perspective independently of the other modules. For example, diagnostics software may comprise separate respective modules for testing a DVD decoder card, various aspects of a motherboard, a storage device or a communication device. Each of those modules can be written and approved independently of one another. The overall diagnostics software can use the modules via appropriate dll calls. It will be appreciated that it would be undesirable to have to download the complete diagnostics software simply because a single dll failed a corresponding QA test. Suitably, an embodiment preferably, or additionally, provides for the synchronisation, that is, updating, of at least a portion of the pre-loaded software prior to enablement of that software. Hence, only the portions of the pre-loaded software for which a corresponding version subsequently failed a post-shipment or post-loading quality assurance test needs to be updated.  
         [0061]    Referring to FIG. 3 there is shown a flow chart  300  for synchronising, that is, updating at least aspects of the pre-loaded software  106 . At step  302 , the client machine  102  transmits a request, to the server  110 , for synchronisation of, or access to, the pre-loaded software. At the server side, the server  110  retrieves and transmits, at step  304 , a manifest file, that is, a file containing data relating to the most up to date version of the functional elements, such as *.DLL and *.EXE files, of the pre-loaded software. The client machine  102  receives the manifest file from the server  110  at step  306  and a comparison is made between the data in the received manifest file with a locally stored manifest file  128  relating to the pre-loaded software  106  at step  308 . A determination is made at step  310  as to whether or not any of the software elements of the pre-loaded software  106  should be updated. If the determination at step  310  shows that the pre-loaded software is currently in the most up to date form, the synchronisation process is terminated and, optionally, the enablement of the pre-loaded software is resumed or commenced at step  312 . However, if the determination at step  310  shows a requirement for software updates for the pre-loaded software  106 , processing continues at step  314  where requests are transmitted to the server  110  to download the updated relevant library calls and routines, which are used to update the relevant portions of the pre-loaded software. If the server  110  receives such a software update request from the client  102  at step  316 , a download of the requested software updates to the client  102  is instigated at step  318 .  
         [0062]    The client  102  receives and installs the downloaded software updates at steps  320  and  322 . Once the downloaded software updates have been appropriately installed, the synchronisation process is terminated and, optionally, the enablement of the pre-loaded software, in its updated form, is commenced or resumed at step  324 .  
         [0063]    In an embodiment it will be appreciated that the synchronisation process illustrated in the flow chart  300  of FIG. 3 may be suitably inserted between steps  216  and  218  of the flow chart  200  illustrated in FIG. 2.  
         [0064]    Since each updated software routine or dll call will be very likely to comprise significantly fewer bytes than the overall diagnostics software, the time taken to render, at the client machine  102 , enabled software or an enabled file will be significantly less than the time that would have been taken to download the complete software or complete file.  
         [0065]    Although the above embodiments have been described in the context of pre-loading diagnostics software, the present invention is not limited thereto. Embodiments can be realised which pre-load any type of software in a disabled form prior to that software having undergone and passed appropriate quality assurance testing. Once that software has undergone and passed the relevant quality assurance testing, that software can be enabled via, for example, an applet that is received via a suitable server. Suitably, the manufacturing process and shipment dates for hardware platforms are not affected adversely by quality assurance testing of software for those platforms.  
         [0066]    It can be seen that the above embodiments render the pre-loaded software executable by changing the file extension from a .DAT extension to a .EXE extension. However, it will be appreciated that other forms of enabling the software can equally well be used. For example, the pre-loaded file may have been compressed or encrypted using a suitable encryption key. Therefore, the data transmitted from the server  110  to the client machine  102  may be a key to enable decryption or decompression of the pre-loaded file.  
         [0067]    Still further, although the above embodiments have been described with reference to enabling software that has been pre-loaded onto a computer before that software has been approved, the present invention is not limited thereto. Embodiments can equally well be realised in which the pre-loaded file represents, for example, data that can be used by software. For example, a virus scanning engine often uses a data file to ensure that the most recent viruses can be detected and cured. It will be appreciated that a beta form of such a data file may be available at shipment for pre-loading in addition to the current alpha-form of the data file. Therefore, the beta data file can be pre-loaded in a disabled form and subsequently enabled once appropriate testing has been undertaken for the beta data file.  
         [0068]    It will be appreciated that an unusable file is a file which cannot be used, without corrective action being taken, for its intended purpose. For example, the unusable file may represent the above described software that has been rendered unexecutable by storing the software with a .DAT extension rather than a .EXE extension. Alternatively, or additionally, the unusable file may represent a file that, once appropriate corrective action has been taken, can be used by other software. For example, if the above mentioned virus data definition file has been pre-loaded in a compressed form, that file can be enabled, that is, rendered usable by other software, by suitable decompression. In both instances, the executable software or the virus data definition file can be pre-loaded onto a computer without fear of the software or data file being inadvertently invoked or used by a user of the computer. Hence, there is little or no need to ensure that the software or data file operates perfectly or as intended before loading onto the storage medium. Still further, the pre-loaded file, in a useable form, may be a multi-media file or may represent image files or some other form of digital content etc.  
         [0069]    Although the above embodiments have been realised by transmitting system identification data to the server and the server performing the comparison with the manifest file, embodiments can be realised in which the server merely retrieves the manifest file and transmits that file to the applet which then performs the assessment, that is, the comparison between the manifest file data and the system identification data, to determine whether or not the pre-loaded software should be enabled. It will be appreciated that such local processing at the client machine will reduce significantly the processing load at the server.  
         [0070]    Furthermore, the applet, rather than, or in addition to, sending the system identification data, can read and determine the attributes of the pre-loaded file directly and either forward those attributes to the server or use those attributes in performing the assessment as to whether or not the pre-loaded file should be rendered usable.  
         [0071]    Still further, although the above embodiments have been described with reference to an applet undertaking the actions of retrieving the system identification data, the embodiments are not limited to such an arrangement. Embodiments can be realised in which, for example, ActiveX technology is used to perform equivalent functions to the above described applet.  
         [0072]    The embodiments of the present invention can also be adapted such that quality approved software, data or other files can be pre-loaded in a disabled form onto a storage medium before shipment of a client machine. The pre-loaded software, data or other files can be enabled after shipment. Such a process would allow vendors of software or digital content to distribute their products and sell access permissions to allow the pre-loaded software, data or other files to be used as appropriate. It will be appreciated that the vendor gains the significant advantage that the user may be inclined to enable the already resident pre-loaded software, data or file in preference to downloading or purchasing a competing product.  
         [0073]    The above embodiments have been described with reference to an applet operating either outside of or within the so-called sand-box. However, the embodiments are not limited to such a Java based technology. Embodiments can be realised in which some other form of object or entity, which operates in a constrained or confined run-time environment or manner, can be trusted to undertake the necessary actions in relation to converting the file from an unusable for to a usable form.  
         [0074]    The reader&#39;s attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.  
         [0075]    All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.  
         [0076]    Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.  
         [0077]    The invention is not restricted to the details of any foregoing embodiments. The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.