Abstract:
Present novel and non-trivial system, device, and method for generating location information presented to a pilot are disclosed. A processing unit is configured to receive manual input data representative of one or more selected image location(s) on a first image data set; determine a selected geographic location for each selected image location; and update the second image data set to include location pointer data. As embodied herein, first and second images represented in the first and second image data sets, respectively, could be displayed simultaneously on the same display unit or separately on different display units. Also, the first image and second image could correspond to an egocentric view and a plan view, respectively, or vice-versa. Additionally, the first image data set and/or second image data set could be updated include first and/or second location pointer data, respectively.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     1. Field of the Invention 
     This invention pertains generally to the field of vehicle display units that present navigation information to the user of a vehicle such as the pilot of an aircraft. 
     2. Description of the Related Art 
     Terrain formats on aircraft flight displays based upon traditional enhanced ground proximity warning systems typically depict a two-dimensional representation of local ground terrain for the purpose of navigation around potential terrain threats. By comparison, a Synthetic Vision System (“SVS”) may provide a three-dimensional, perspective view of a scene outside the aircraft, providing graphical imagery for geographic and man-made features such as terrain, obstacles, and runways in the immediate vicinity of the aircraft. 
     The topographical map and the SVS depictions of the local terrain, however, may appear quite dissimilar because one may be a two-dimensional “plan” view (i.e., looking down at the local terrain) and the other may be a three-dimensional “egocentric” view. As such, this may make the pilot mentally correlate information from one depiction with the information presented in the other depiction. For example, terrain features (or other features) that are located in one image may not be readily identifiable in a second image. As a result, the pilot could be easily confused and lose situational awareness when trying to identify the same location in two dissimilar images. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The embodiments disclosed herein present at least one novel and non-trivial system, device, and method for generating location information. By generating location information of the same location in two dissimilar images, the pilot&#39;s situational awareness may be enhanced. 
     In one embodiment, a system for generating location information is disclosed. The system may be comprised of a manual input data source, a first display unit for presenting a first image represented in a first image data set, a second display unit for presenting a second image represented in a second image data set, and a processing unit configured to update the second image data set with first location pointer data. In an additional embodiment, the processor could also be configured to update the first image data set with second location pointer data. 
     In another embodiment, a device for generating location information is disclosed, where such device could be the processing unit configured to update the second image data set to include first location pointer data based upon input data received via the manual input source. The input data could be representative of one or more selected image locations of the first image data set. The updated second image data set could be representative of a second image in which one or more first location pointers point to the location(s) of one or more selected locations of the first image. In another embodiment, the first image data set could be updated to include second location pointer data, where the updated first image data set could be representative of a first image in which one or more second location pointers point to the location(s) of one or more selected locations of the first image. 
     In another embodiment, a method for generating location information is disclosed, where such method could be performed by the processing unit. When properly configured, the processing unit may receive input data via the source of manual input data representative of at least one selected image location; determine a selected geographic location for each selected image location; and update the second image data set to include first location pointer data. In an additional embodiment, the processing may update the first image data set to include second location pointer data. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The drawings of  FIG. 1  depict a functional block diagram of a system for generating location information based upon a pilot&#39;s selection. 
         FIG. 2A  depicts a configuration layout for the display of images on a display unit. 
         FIG. 2B  depicts a tactical display presenting primary flight director symbology against an egocentric image. 
         FIG. 2C  depicts a strategic display presenting navigation display symbology against a plan view image. 
         FIGS. 3A through 3C  demonstrate an exemplary method in which the location of a location pointer has been determined via a user&#39;s selection on a tactical display image. 
         FIGS. 4A through 4C  demonstrate an exemplary method in which the location of a location pointer has been determined via a user&#39;s selection on a strategic display image. 
         FIGS. 5A through 5C  demonstrate an exemplary method in which the location of a location marker and/or location highlighter has been determined via a user&#39;s selection on a tactical display image. 
         FIGS. 6A through 6C  demonstrate an exemplary method in which the location of a location marker and/or location highlighter has been determined via a user&#39;s selection on a strategic display image. 
         FIG. 7  depicts a flowchart of a method for generating location information. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the following description, several specific details are presented to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the invention. One skilled in the relevant art will recognize, however, that the invention can be practiced without one or more of the specific details or in combination with other components. In other instances, well-known implementations or operations are not shown or described in detail to avoid obscuring aspects of various embodiments of the invention. 
       FIG. 1  depicts a location pointer system  100  suitable for implementation of the techniques described herein. The system may be comprised of a manual input device  110 , a processing unit  120 , and an indicating system  130 . 
     In an embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the manual input device  110  could comprise any source for facilitating a viewer&#39;s interaction with the information displayed by a display unit. The manual input device  110  may include any device that allows for the selection of one or more locations presented in an image. Such devices could include, but are not limited to, a tactile device (e.g., keyboard, control display unit, cursor control device, stylus, electronic grease pen, handheld device, touch screen device, notebook, tablet, electronic flight bag, etc. . . . ) and/or speech recognition systems. The manual input device  110  could be integrated with a display unit if it is configured to receive pilot input (e.g., handheld device, touch screen device, notebook, tablet, etc. . . . ). As embodied herein, the manual input device  110  may provide input representative of a viewer&#39;s selection to the processing unit  120 . 
     In an embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the processing unit  120  may receive input data from various systems including, but not limited to, manual input device  110 . The processing unit  120  may be operatively coupled to these to facilitate the receiving of input data; as embodied herein, operatively coupled may be considered as interchangeable with electronically coupled. It is not necessary that a direct connection be made; instead, such receiving of input data and providing of output data could be provided through a data bus or through a wireless network. The processing unit  120  may also be operatively coupled to the indicating system  130  to facilitate the providing of output data generated by the processing unit  120 . 
     In an embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the processing unit  120  may be representative of any electronic data processing unit or complex of processing units which execute software or source code stored, permanently or temporarily, in a digital memory storage device or computer-readable media (not depicted herein) including, but not limited to, RAM, ROM, CD, DVD, hard disk drive, diskette, solid-state memory, PCMCIA or PC Card, secure digital cards, and compact flash cards. The processing unit  120  may be driven by the execution of software or source code containing algorithms developed for the specific functions embodied herein. Common examples of electronic data processing units are microprocessors, Digital Signal Processors (DSPs), Programmable Logic Devices (PLDs), Programmable Gate Arrays (PGAs), and signal generators; however, for the embodiments herein, the term “processor” is not limited to such processing units and its meaning is not intended to be construed narrowly. For instance, a processor could also consist of more than one electronic data processing unit. As embodied herein, the processing unit  120  could be a processor(s) used by or in conjunction with any other system of the aircraft including, but not limited to, a processor(s) associated with the manual input device  110 , the indicating system  130  (or one or more display units thereof), an SVS, an EVS, a combined SVS-EVS, or any combination thereof. 
     In an embodiment of  FIG. 1 , the indicating system  130  could be comprised of any display unit having a display surface on which an image(s) may be presented to the pilot. The display unit could be, but is not limited to, a Primary Flight Display (“PFD”) Unit, Navigation Display (“ND”) Unit, Head-Up Display (“HUD”) Unit, Head-Down Display (“HDD”) Unit, Multi-Purpose Control Display Unit, Engine Indicating and Crew Alerting System Unit, Electronic Centralized Aircraft Monitor Unit, Multi-Function Display, Side Display Units, and/or Data Link Control Display Unit. As embodied herein, the indicating system  130  could be comprised of a first display unit and/or a second display unit. 
     The first display unit and/or the second display unit may be configured to present one or more display(s) or image(s); as embodied herein, the terms “display” and “image” are interchangeable and treated synonymously. Referring to  FIG. 2A , a display unit has been configured to present two images or displays: the tactical display comprised of a PFD  132 , and the strategic display comprised of an ND  134 . Alternatively, two display units may be configured to present separate images, where the first display unit presents a tactical display and the second display unit presents a strategic display. Although the following discussion will be drawn to a single display unit presenting both a tactical display and a strategic display, the embodiments herein may be applied to multiple display units. 
     The tactical display could be comprised of any image presented on a display unit which presents tactical information to the crew relative to the instant or immediate control of the aircraft, whether the aircraft is in flight or on the ground. The tactical display unit could be presented on the HDD and/or the HUD. The HDD is typically a unit mounted to an aircraft&#39;s flight instrument panel located in front of a pilot and below the windshield and the pilot&#39;s field of vision. The HUD is mounted in front of the pilot at windshield level and is directly in the pilot&#39;s field of vision. The HUD is advantageous because the display is transparent allowing the pilot to keep his or her eyes “outside the cockpit” while the display unit provides tactical flight information to the pilot. 
     The tactical display could present the same information that may be found on the PFD  132 , such as “basic T” information (i.e., airspeed, attitude, altitude, and heading). Referring to  FIG. 2B , this information may be presented as symbology presented against an egocentric image of a three-dimensional perspective of a scene outside the aircraft, where the image could be comprised of a synthetic image generated by a synthetic vision system (“SVS”), an enhanced image generated by an enhanced vision system (“EVS”), or a synthetic-enhanced or enhanced synthetic image generated by a combined SVS-EVS. Although it may provide the same information as that of the PFD  132 , the tactical display may be configured to display additional information known to those skilled in the art including, but not limited to, selected magnetic heading, actual magnetic track, selected airspeeds, selected altitudes, altitude barometric correction setting, vertical speed displays, flight path angle and drift angles, flight director commands, limiting and operational speeds, mach number, radio altitude and decision height, final approach trajectory deviations, and marker indications. The tactical display is designed to provide flexible configurations which may be tailored to the desired configuration specified by a buyer or user of the aircraft. 
     The strategic display could be comprised of any image which presents strategic information to the crew relative to the intended future state(s) of the aircraft (e.g. intended location in space at specified times) along with information providing contextual and/or feature information to the crew (e.g. navigation aids, airspace boundaries, terrain, threats, traffic, geopolitical boundaries, etc. . . . ) about such state(s). This information may be presented as symbology presented on the ND  134  against an image of a two-dimensional bird&#39;s-eye or plan view of terrain located in front of the aircraft (i.e., ownship). Referring to  FIG. 2C , the symbology comprised of ownship  136  and a flight path  138  comprised of waypoints ABODE, FGHIJ, KLMNO, PQRST, and UVWXY are presented against terrain located in front of ownship. Although not shown in  FIG. 2C , those skilled in the art know that the strategic display may be configured to display the contextual and/or feature information described above. For the purposes of discussion and not limitation, the discussion herein will be drawn to a plan view of terrain. 
     The advantages and benefits of the embodiments disclosed herein may be illustrated in  FIGS. 3A through 3C  by demonstrating an exemplary method in which the location of a location pointer is determined via a user&#39;s selection of a location of interest from an image. For the purpose of illustration, the manual input device  110  will be comprised of display unit integrated with a touch screen device. An image of a hand with an extended pointer finger will be used to illustrate a user&#39;s tapping of a screen as a means of inputting data representative of a selection of a location of interest from an image. It should be noted that, although the following discussion will be drawn to the selection of one location, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to receive input selections from more than one location. 
     Referring to  FIG. 3A , the tactical display of  FIG. 2B  is presented on the screen. A user has inputted a location of interest by tapping the screen where it is shown. The screen coordinates (or screen location) of the input may be used to determine the image location selected by the user, from which a selected geographic location may be determined, where such determination could include the conversion of the “screen space” to “world space” and the application of a scaling component. Then, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update a strategic image data set representative of the strategic display of  FIG. 2C  to include data representative of a location pointer corresponding to the selected geographic location by the user. As shown in  FIG. 3B , a location pointer is shown as extending from the selected geographic location in the strategic display. 
     A location pointer could include any object comprised of an informational placard  202 , an extension with one or more segments  204 , a proximal end portion of the extension  206 , and a distal end portion of the extension  208 . Referring to  FIG. 3B , the informational placard may be the rectangle which contains “12,345 MSL (12.3N, 123.4W),” assumed geographical information corresponding to the selected geographic location. The distal end may be located at the top of the arrow that intersects the bottom of the placard, the proximal end may be located at the tip of the arrowhead, and the extension may be located in between both ends. As embodied herein, the informational placard could be configured to provide any information to the pilot or flight crew related to the selected geographic location. For example, instead of providing geographical information, other information could be presented such as the distance and bearing to the selected geographic location. 
     In addition to updating the strategic image data set, the tactical image data set may also be updated. After the user of  FIG. 3A  has tapped the screen as shown therein and once the selected geographic location has been determined, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the tactical image data set with data representative of the location pointer corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 3C . 
     The embodiments herein are not limited to input received via a tactical display. Referring to  FIG. 4A , a user has inputted a location of interest in the strategic display by tapping the screen where it is shown. After the selected geographic location has been determined, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the tactical image data set to include data representative of a location pointer corresponding to the selected geographic location. As shown in  FIG. 4B , a location pointer is shown as extending from the selected geographic location in the tactical display. 
     In addition to updating the tactical image data set, the strategic image data set may also be updated. After the user of  FIG. 4A  has tapped the screen as shown therein and once the selected geographic location has been determined, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the strategic image data set with data representative of the location pointer corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 4C . 
     A location pointer is not limited to a “pointer” pointing to a location; instead, the location pointer may be comprised of other forms such as the location marker disclosed by Yum et al in U.S. Pat. No. 8,094,188 entitled “System, Apparatus, and Method for Enhancing the Image Presented on an Aircraft Display Unit through Location Highlighters” (“the Yum reference”) and by Frank et al in U.S. Pat. No. 8,099,234 entitled “System, Apparatus, and Method for Generating Location Information on an Aircraft Display Unit Using Location Markers,” (“the Frank reference”). Moreover, besides presenting a location pointer, a location highlighter that is disclosed in the Yum reference and the Frank reference may be presented as well. 
     Referring to  FIG. 5A , a user has inputted a location of interest in the tactical display by tapping the screen where it is shown. After the selected geographic location has been determined, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the strategic image data set to include, as shown in  FIG. 5B , data representative of the location marker comprised of an informational placard  210 , an extension with one or more segments  212 , a proximal end portion of the extension  214 , and a distal end portion of the extension  216  corresponding to the selected geographic location. Also, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to further update the strategic image data set to include data representative of the two-dimensional location highlighter  218  corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 5B . 
     In addition, after the user of  FIG. 5A  has tapped the screen as shown therein and once the selected geographic location has been determined, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the tactical image data set to include data representative of the location marker and corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 5C . Also, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the tactical image data set to include data representative of the three-dimensional location highlighter  220  corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 5C . 
     Referring to  FIG. 6A , a user has inputted a location of interest in the strategic display by tapping the screen where it is shown. After the selected geographic location has been determined, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the tactical image data set to include data representative of the location marker corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 6B . Also, the processing unit may be programmed to update the tactical image data set to include data representative of the three-dimensional location highlighter corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 6B . 
     In addition, after the user of  FIG. 6A  has tapped the screen as shown therein and once the selected geographic location has been determined, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the strategic image data set to include data representative of the location marker corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 6C . Also, the processing unit  120  may be programmed to update the strategic image data set to include data representative of the two-dimensional location highlighter corresponding to the selected geographic location as shown in  FIG. 6C . 
       FIG. 7  depicts flowchart  300  providing examples for generating location information presented on an aircraft display unit, where the processing unit  120  may be programmed or configured with instructions corresponding to the following modules. As embodied herein, the processing unit  120  may be a processor or complex of processors of an indicating system comprised of one or more display units. Also, the processing unit  120  may be a processor of a module such as, but not limited to, a printed circuit card having one or more input interfaces to facilitate two-way data communications between other systems and the processing unit  120 , i.e., the receiving and providing of data. As necessary for the accomplishment of the following modules embodied in  FIG. 7 , the receiving of data is synonymous and/or interchangeable with the retrieval of data, and the providing of data is synonymous and/or interchangeable with the making available or supplying of data. 
     The method of flowchart  300  begins with module  302  with the receiving of input data, where the input data may have been received via the manual input device  110 . The first input data could be representative of one or more selected image locations of a first image data set, where the first image data set may be representative of a first image presented on the first display unit. As embodied herein, the first display unit could be the source of manual input data if configured with a touch screen. In addition, the first image may correspond to an egocentric view or a plan view. 
     The method continues with module  304  with the determining of a selected geographic location for each selected image location. Each selected geographic location may correspond with the actual location of the selected image location. In one embodiment in which the aircraft&#39;s current location (i.e., aircraft&#39;s latitude/longitude information) is known, the actual location could be determined as a latitude/longitude. In another embodiment, the actual location could be determined as a bearing and distance from the aircraft&#39;s current location. 
     In an additional embodiment, a location data source such as a database could be included, where such data source could be comprised of location data for one or more visible and invisible objects or points of interest such as but not limited to, obstacles, airports, navigation aids, airspaces, mountain peaks, and/or any information that could be provided on an aeronautical chart. If the location data source is included, the processing unit  140  may be programmed to determine whether one or more selected locations correspond to and/or are located within close proximity to one or more points of interest stored in the data source, where the meaning of proximity may be configurable to a manufacturer and/or end-user. 
     The method continues with module  306  with the updating of a second image data set with first location pointer data. The second image data set may be representative of a second image presented on the second display unit, where the second image may correspond to a plan view where the first image corresponds to an egocentric view; alternatively, the second image may correspond to an egocentric view where the first image corresponds to a plan view. In addition, location pointer data could be representative of one or more first location pointers, where each first location pointer may correspond to a selected geographic location. Furthermore, the first display unit and the second display unit could be comprised of the same display unit. 
     In an additional embodiment, the second image data set may be updated with location highlighter data. Such data could be representative of one or more location highlighters, where each location highlighter could correspond to one selected location. In an additional embodiment, the first image data set could be updated with second location pointer data, where such data could be representative of one or more second location pointers corresponding to a selected geographic location(s). 
     In an embodiment in which a location data source is included, the second image data set may be updated with location pointer data and/or location highlighter data representative of one or more points of interest stored in the location data source that correspond to and/or are in close proximity of one or more of the selected locations. Then, the flowchart  300  proceeds to the end. 
     It should be noted that the method steps described above may be embodied in computer-readable media as computer instruction code. It shall be appreciated to those skilled in the art that not all method steps described must be performed, nor must they be performed in the order stated. 
     As used herein, the term “embodiment” means an embodiment that serves to illustrate by way of example but not limitation. 
     It will be appreciated to those skilled in the art that the preceding examples and embodiments are exemplary and not limiting to the scope of the present invention. It is intended that all permutations, enhancements, equivalents, and improvements thereto that are apparent to those skilled in the art upon a reading of the specification and a study of the drawings are included within the true spirit and scope of the present invention. It is therefore intended that the following appended claims include all such permutations, enhancements, equivalents, and improvements thereto that fall within the true spirit and scope of the present invention.