Abstract:
A liquid treatment device includes a base with a power source, a UV-LED module for providing UV-B or UV-C light to liquid, an LED for providing visible light, and a processor for selectively powering the UV-LED module and the LED, and having a UV transmissive material above the UV-LED module for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted from the base housing, and a liquid storage housing removably coupled to the base housing with a storage portion configured to hold liquid and having a bottom portion comprising a UV transmissive material for allowing the UV-B or UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted into the liquid, and an output coupled for restricting outflow of the liquid from the storage portion.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/462,721 filed Mar. 17, 2017, that is a continuation-in-part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/672,077 filed Mar. 27, 2015. The present application also claims priority to Chinese Utility Model application no. 2016206839626 filed Jun. 30, 2016. These applications are incorporated by reference for all purposes. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The present invention relates to liquid monitoring. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to a UV-LED liquid monitoring and purification systems and methods of operation. 
         [0003]    Water suppliers periodically monitor water quality at centralized locations, such as water treatment plants, pump stations, and the like. The periodic testing is used to check whether the provided water meets certain health quality standards. 
         [0004]    The inventors of the present invention believe that there are drawbacks to centralized testing systems including that water delivered to the end point (consumer), e.g. home, apartment, factory, or the like, may not have the same quality as provided by the supplier. Reasons for this deterioration in quality may include contamination within the distribution network (e.g. leaky pipes, pollution, sewage contamination, etc.); contamination within an end point (e.g. leaky pipes within a factory, chemicals leached from pipes, etc.); and the like. Another drawback is believed to be because water quality is not always monitored in real-time, contaminated water may be provided to consumers for some time, before the contamination is discovered. 
         [0005]    From the above, it is desired to have a distributed water quality monitoring and treatment system without the drawbacks described above. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    The present invention relates to liquid treatment. More specifically, embodiments of the present invention relate to a UV-LED liquid treatment device and methods of operation. In various embodiments, the liquid may be water (e.g. tap water, bottled water, etc.), a fruit juice (e.g. orange juice, apple juice, cranberry juice, etc.), an electrolyte (e.g. Gatorade, etc.), a flavored water (e.g. soda, etc.), a soup base, milk (e.g. human, cow, soy, almond) or the like. For sake of convenience, embodiments described herein are directed to water, however, it should be understood that many other types of liquid may be treated, as described herein. 
         [0007]    Various embodiments of the present invention include a water purification device (e.g. a water bottle, a water dispenser, an in-house water treatment system, or the like) that uses a combination of ultraviolet LEDs to kill bacteria, viruses, and spores in the incoming water. Optionally, the system includes TiO2 (Titanium Dioxide), or H2O2 (Hydrogen peroxide) to work with UV LEDs to purify water via production of reactive oxygen species via a photo catalytic oxidation process. In general, it is contemplated that unsanitary water may include water of unknown-safety, pathogen-bearing water, or other types of liquid that if consumed by a human (or other animal) could cause illness and/or death. Additionally, the unsanitary water may also include one or more chemicals (e.g. metals, volatile organic chemicals and pesticides). 
         [0008]    In various embodiments, a system may include some or all of the following elements: a) water analysis module, b) a physical/chemical water treatment portion, c) a UV treatment portion, d) a reservoir portion d) a communication portion, e) a filtration module, f) battery module and g) driver electronics. Some systems are used to monitor and treat water incoming to a residence, facility, or the like (e.g. water treatment unit), or treat water prior to consumption or use (e.g. water pitcher or a water bottle). In some embodiments, water quality analysis is performed upon incoming water to a user. The water quality may be analyzed for chemical contaminants and/or pathogens; the water quality may be analyzed for optical transparency and/or optical absorption; the water quality may be analyzed for optical spectroscopy and/or florescence spectroscopy. In various embodiments, the water quality may also be analyzed before and after treatment. Water purification may be performed upon the water. The purification may include filtering of suspended particulates, removal or break down of chemical impurities, and/or destruction of pathogens (e.g. bacterial or viral). In some cases the purification may be tailored to the impurities that were just determined. In various embodiments, an additional analysis may be performed upon the purified water. The initial analysis of the incoming water and/or the final analysis of the treated water may be sent via the communication portion to a centralized reporting server, e.g. the water provider, a governmental agency, or other third party monitoring agency. 
         [0009]    In various embodiments, a communication portion may include a communication system based upon Bluetooth, WiFi, 4G, 3G, NFC, RF, Ethernet, or the like. The communication portion may directly communicate to a cloud-based reporting server via WiFi, 4G, 3G, Ethernet, or the like. In other embodiments, the communication portion communicates via Bluetooth, NFC, IR, ZigBee or other rf protocol to a smart device (e.g. smart phone, home PC, smart watch, home server, or the like) having one or more specialized software applications running thereon. In various embodiments, the water data may be stored within the applications, processed and viewed by the user on the smart device. For example, the user may see time trends in the water turbidity, the types of contaminants detected in the water, and the like. In some embodiments, the data may automatically or manually uploaded to the centralized reporting server from the application. For example, the user&#39;s application may periodically upload the water quality data captured, as described herein. 
         [0010]    In various embodiments, a centralized reporting server receives and stores water quality reports from a multitude of users in real-time or non-real time. Based upon the real-time and/or non-real time data and based upon knowledge of the water distribution network, near-real time identification of water quality problems may be determined. Causes for the water quality problems may then be investigated, and fixes to the distribution network, modifications to the outgoing water treatment, and other actions may be taken. Further, based upon knowledge of the water distribution network and the water quality reports, over time, trends in water quality may be determined. Based upon the trends, a water provider may change its water purification procedures (e.g. add additional chemical removal steps); may determine water branches having unusual contaminants, inspect the water branches, and/or repair faulty water branches; may shut-off water provided to specific branches or shut-off water from specific sources when contaminants exceed the purification capabilities; may modify conditions around aquifers and other water sources, and the like. 
         [0011]    According to one aspect of the invention, a water treatment device is disclosed. One apparatus includes a base housing having a power source, a UV-LED module electrically coupled to the power source, wherein the UV-LED module is configured to provide UV-C band light, a plurality of LEDs electrically coupled to the power source, wherein the plurality of LEDs are configured to provide visible light, and a processor electrically coupled to the power source, the UV-LED module, and to the plurality of LEDs, wherein the processor is configured to specify parameters for power from the power source to the UV-LED module to the power source, wherein the processor is configured to specify parameters for power from the power source to the plurality of LEDs. A system may include a visual indicator portion disposed on a first top portion the base housing and optically coupled to the plurality of LEDs, wherein the visual indicator portion is configured to receive the visible light from the plurality of LEDs and is configured to provide at least a portion of the visible light outwards in a radial direction, a first physical coupling structure disposed on a second top portion of the base housing, and a first transmissive material disposed on a third top portion of the base housing above the UV-LED module, wherein the first transmissive material is configured to allow the UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted upward from the base housing. A device may include a water storage housing removably coupled to the base housing including: a sidewall structure configured to radially confine water stored within the water storage housing, a second physical coupling structure disposed on a bottom portion of the sidewall structure, wherein the first physical coupling structure and the second physical coupling structure are together configured to allow the water storage housing to be removably coupled to the base housing, and an upper opening configured to provide input and output of water from the water storage housing. 
         [0012]    According to another aspect of the invention, a water treatment device is disclosed. One apparatus may include a base housing having: a battery, a UV-LED module coupled to the battery and configured to provide UV-C band light in response to first power parameters during a UV sterilization process, a plurality of LEDs coupled to the battery and configured to provide visible light in response to second power parameters, and a controller coupled to the battery, the UV-LED module, and the plurality of LEDs, wherein the processor is configured to specify the second power parameters to the plurality of LEDs and configured to specify the first power parameters during the UV sterilization process. A device may include a translucent ring of material disposed upon a first top portion the base housing, wherein the visual translucent ring is configured to receive the visible light from the plurality of LEDs and is configured to provide at least a portion of the visible light outwards in a radial direction, a first coupling structure disposed above the translucent ring, and a first transmissive material disposed on a second top portion of the base housing above the UV-LED module, wherein the first transmissive material is configured to allow the UV-C band light from the UV-LED module to be transmitted upward from the UV-LED module. A system may also include a water storage housing removably coupled to the base housing having: a sidewall structure configured to radially confine water within the water storage housing, a second coupling structure disposed on a bottom portion of the sidewall structure, wherein the first coupling structure is configured to be removably coupled to the second coupling structure to thereby create a water-tight seal between the water storage housing and the base housing, and a translucent material disposed upon an upper opening of the water storage housing, wherein the translucent material is configured to receive the visible light from the plurality of LEDs and is configured to provide at least a portion of the visible light outwards in the radial direction. 
         [0013]    According to another aspect of the invention, a water monitoring and treatment module is disclosed. The system may include a case with an opening, and a lid that fits tightly into the opening of the case, where when water is filled into the case and when the lid fits on the case, water does not leak away from the case. In some embodiments, the interior the case is coated with material that reacts with UV via a photo catalytic process, such as TiO2 (e.g. P-25 by Degussa, PC 500 by Millennium, or any other material comprising Anatase and/or Rutile). In various embodiments, the catalyst may be in the form of a nanoparticle, thin film, microsphere, or the like. The case has may include a region, e.g. on the side, on the top, on the bottom, where a UV fluorescent material is provided. In operation, that UV fluorescent material glows or emits light in the visible spectrum when the water is under UV irradiation. In some embodiments, other types of indicators may be used when the water is exposed to UV light. In various embodiments, the case includes an interior opening a at the bottom, where UV irradiation is supplied by a plurality of UV LEDs located below the bottom of the water containing area; the UV LEDs are powered by a battery. The battery is typically coupled to UV LED driver electronics, a communication wireless module, and the like. In some embodiments, the interior of the case has a photodiode detector placed in the line of sight of the UV-LED irradiation direction to help determine water clarity, amount of water present, presence of UV irradiation, or the like. In some embodiments, the case also has an electronic display region on the exterior that indicates the presence of UV irradiation. 
         [0014]    Various additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention can be more fully appreciated with reference to the detailed description and accompanying drawings that follow 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0015]    In order to more fully understand the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings are not to be considered limitations in the scope of the invention, the presently described embodiments and the presently understood best mode of the invention are described with additional detail through use of the accompanying drawings in which: 
           [0016]      FIG. 1  illustrates a system diagram of various embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0017]      FIGS. 2A-B  illustrate a block diagram of a flow chart according to some embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0018]      FIGS. 3A-B  illustrate another block diagram of a flow chart according to some embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0019]      FIG. 4  illustrates a block diagram of portions of various embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0020]      FIG. 5  illustrates cross-section of various embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0021]      FIGS. 6A-C  illustrate additional embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0022]      FIGS. 7A-B  illustrate an example according to various embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0023]      FIG. 8  illustrates an example according to various embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0024]      FIG. 9  illustrates an example according to various embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0025]      FIGS. 10A-H  illustrate embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0026]      FIGS. 11A-H  illustrate embodiments of the present invention; 
           [0027]      FIG. 12  illustrates an embodiment of the present invention; and 
           [0028]      FIG. 13  illustrates an embodiment of the present invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0029]      FIG. 1  illustrates an embodiment of the present invention. More specifically,  FIG. 1  illustrates a water supplier  100  supplying water  110  to water customers  120 . Within a typical water customer  130 , a device  140  is provided. In the present example, device  140  includes a water analysis device  150  and a water treatment device  160 . As will be discussed further below, water analysis device  150  can perform an impurity analysis or optical transmittance, or optical absorbance analysis on incoming water  110 , and water treatment device  160  can treat incoming water  110  and output treated water  170 . Water analysis device  150  can also perform an impurity analysis or optical transmittance, or optical absorbance analysis on the treated water  170 . If the treated water  170  is within predetermined impurity thresholds, it may be provided to the user, and in some embodiments, if the treated water exceeds the predetermined impurity thresholds, the treated water  170  will not be provided to the user. 
         [0030]    In the embodiments illustrated in  FIG. 1 , water customers  120  each have a device  140  installed that performs the analysis and treatment functionality. As shown, each device  140  includes a wired or wireless communication portion  180  which can transmit data via a wide area network  190 , back to water supplier  100 . In various embodiments, the data may include an impurity analysis or optical transmittance, or optical absorbance analysis of the incoming water  110  and/or the treated water. As illustrated, the data  200  can be stored in a data store  210  associated with water supplier  100 . In other embodiments, data store  210  may be associated with a third-party not associated with water supplier  100 , such as a local water control agency, the EPA, a governmental body, a non-governmental organization, a commercial company, a non-profit organization, or the like. 
         [0031]      FIGS. 2A-B  illustrate a flow diagram according to various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically,  FIGS. 2A-B  illustrate an example of a process performed at a typical water customer location, such as water customer  130 , in  FIG. 1 . Initially water is provided to water customer  130 , step  300 . In other embodiments, water may be replaced with other fluids, such as gasoline, or other liquid, or beverage, and the customers may be companies, power plants, or the like. 
         [0032]    In various embodiments, when device  140  receives the input water, an initial analysis can be performed, step  310  (optional). In various embodiments, one or more UV LEDs (with emission peak wavelength in the spectral range between 210 nm and 280 nm, or between 270 nm and 340 nm, or between 330 nm and 395 nm, or the like) may be used to illuminate the input water, and one or more optical sensors (such as, a photodiode, a photo detector, a spectrometer, or the like) may be used to detect responses to the UV illumination. In some embodiments, UV LEDs being developed by the assignee of the present invention may be used to illuminate the input water sample with UV light within a range of wavelengths from about 210 nm to about 365 nm, among other possible wavelengths, such as 385 nm. The UV LEDs may include some UV LEDs having a peak at about 280 nm, some UV LEDs having a peak at about 320 nm, or the like. By having multiple peaks of UV wavelengths, biological impurities having different response characteristics may be determined. For instance, different wavelength LEDs may be individually turned on by using a LED driver system that can pulse through a combination of UV LED wavelengths (frequency) peaked from 254 nm, 265 nm, 280 nm, 310 nm to 365 nm. For example, viruses may respond to a first UV LED characterized by a first UV frequency (e.g. fluoresce), bacteria may respond to a second UV LED characterized by a second UV frequency (e.g. fluoresce), and the like. In various embodiments, biological contaminants may include  cryptosporidium , giardia,  legionella , coliform, viruses, and the like.), or in another embodiment, contaminations can be suspended solids or particles in the water. 
         [0033]    In response to the UV illumination, biological impurities may respond with characteristic responses. For example, pathogens that are exposed to first UV frequency light may reflect the UV frequency light, other impurities that are exposed to second UV frequency light may fluoresce, and the like. In some embodiments, the intensity of the responses as well as the wavelength are recorded. 
         [0034]    In various embodiments, other types of testing may be performed upon the input water to determine chemical impurities (e.g. chlorine, lead, arsenic, organic compounds). For example, it is believed that methods for testing levels of lead, arsenic, and other harmful chemicals, are well-known, and can be used with embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0035]    In various embodiments, the wavelengths of the responses to the UV illumination may be correlated to particular biological impurities, and the intensities may be correlated to the amount/percentage of the biological impurities. Further, based upon the chemical impurity analysis, the amount/percentage of the chemical impurities can be determined. The amount/percentage of the biological impurities and chemical impurities can then be sent back to the water provider, step  320 , as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0036]    In some embodiments, step  310  may simply include using a UV light source to illuminate the water and a UV light detector to determining the turbidity or clarity of the water. In other embodiments, step  320  need not be performed, or may be performed at a later time. 
         [0037]    In  FIG. 2A , after step  320 , the processes illustrated in  FIGS. 3A-B , steps  330 , may be performed at the same time or at different times (asynchronously) from the remaining steps in  FIGS. 2A-B . 
         [0038]    Next, in various embodiments, a dedicated UV disinfection/treatment process may be performed, step  350  and a dedicated filtering process may be performed (e.g. filtering via an activated charcoal or carbon filter), step  340 . In some embodiments, the UV disinfection or treatment process may also include UV LEDs currently under development by the present assignee. For example, UV LEDs having different UV frequency peaks, e.g. 220 nm, 240 nm, 260 nm, 320 nm, 340 nm, 365 nm, 375 nm, etc. may irradiate the input water. In some embodiments, the power output or intensity of the UV LEDs may be flat across the desired UV frequency range. In other embodiments, the power output of the UV LEDs may depend upon the type of biological contaminants that were determined in step  310 , above. For example, if only viruses are determined, only UV LEDs having a peak of about 254 nm may be activated in step  350 . 
         [0039]    In some embodiments, in step  350  UV irradiation of the water, or liquid, may be performed in conjunction with a catalyst, such as TiO2, as mentioned above. TiO2 is selected as a catalyst because it is non-toxic, stable, has no smell, is not soluble in water, but reacts strongly with UV light. In such embodiments, UV illumination in the UV-A bans may irradiate an inner surface, or other element in the water that has a coating of TiO2. In response to the UV-A (from about 250 to about 400, especially around 340 nm) irradiation, the TiO2 will produce one or more water byproducts, such as reactive oxygen species. It is expected that many pathogens (e.g. viruses, bacteria, fungi, algae, cancer,  E. coli , etc.) and harmful chemicals (e.g. antibiotics, artificial dies, pesticides, herbicides, pharmaceuticals, etc.) that are exposed to active oxygen species will be neutralized. In light of the above disclosure, other catalysts can be used and are considered within the scope of embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0040]    In various embodiments, the dedicated filtering process of step  340  may be non-selective and not dependent upon the types of chemical impurities determined in step  310 , above. For example, the filtering process may include activated charcoal to absorb any chlorine or organic compound in the input water. 
         [0041]    In various embodiments, step  340  or a similar step may be performed prior to step  310 . In such embodiments, for example, characterization (UV, white light, etc.) of the water is performed after filtering out certain contaminants, impurities, suspended particles, or the like. These particles may inhibit the use of UV light for decontamination purposes, accordingly, filtering out of particulates may be performed prior to characterization. In such embodiments, step  310  may determine whether the water can be treated by UV light, or whether the water is too cloudy. If the water is too cloudy, the UV disinfection/treatment in step  350  may not be effective. Accordingly, if the water is too cloudy, in step  380  etc., below, the water may be deemed unfit for disinfection, treatment and for consumption (or other use), step  420 . 
         [0042]    In various embodiments, the treated water can again be tested for biological and/or chemical impurities, step  360 . This step may be performed with the same analysis module that performs step  310 , above. In other embodiments, two analyses modules may be used, one for input water and one for treated water. Various embodiments allow water to flow relatively freely from the input water, through embodiments of the present invention, and to the treated water. 
         [0043]    Next, the analysis data on the treated water may be sent to the remote server in step  370 . In some embodiments, the analysis data of the input and treated water may be sent to the remote server together in this step. As mentioned previously, the remote server may take the analysis data and perform actions asynchronously from the steps described in  FIGS. 2A-B . In some embodiments, the water analysis data maybe compared with data acquired at other user/customer locations globally, and feedback to the user/customer as indication of the local water quality. 
         [0044]    In various embodiments, a processing module may review the analysis data of step  360  to determine whether one or more contaminants exceed a predetermined threshold for a contaminant, step  380 . For example, based upon the UV analysis in step  360 , it may be determined whether  cryptosporidium  is detected in the treated water. If not, the treated water may be allowed to flow to the user, step  390 . 
         [0045]    In various embodiments, if one or more contaminants are detected in the treated water, a notification is made to the water server, step  385 , and a determination is made as to whether the UV disinfection or treatment of step  350  and filtering of step  340  should have remove the impurity, step  395 . If so, a determination is made whether the UV disinfection/treatment module and/or the filtering module of steps  340  and  350  need to be replaced, step  400 . If so, in step  410 , the user may be directed to replace one or more of these modules, e.g. replace the activated charcoal filtering mechanism, or the like. 
         [0046]    In some embodiments, a determination is made that the treated water is not able to be treated effectively, the water flow may be stopped, step  420 . In other embodiments, the treated water may continue to flow to the user, but the user may be made aware that the treated water is not safe to drink directly out the tap. In some embodiments, one or more indicator lights may be illuminated to provide the signal to the user. In other embodiments, one or more text messages may automatically be sent to the user when the water contains unacceptable levels of impurities. 
         [0047]      FIG. 3A-B  illustrates various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, the processes may be performed by a server associated material (e.g. water) supplier, a regulation agency, or other third party organization. 
         [0048]    As was illustrated in  FIG. 1 , it is contemplated that multiple users have embodiments of the present invention, and these multiple perform analyses upon the incoming water (e.g. step  320 ,  FIG. 2A ), and report the results to the server in step  330 ,  FIG. 2A . In  FIG. 3A , the analyses upon the input water is received by the centralized server, step  500 . 
         [0049]    In various embodiments, the centralized server may determine whether there are any positive or negative contamination trends in the water received by users, step  510 . In some embodiments, this may also be determined based upon currently received data, historical data, and/or other data previously gathered by the centralized server. In various embodiments, if the impurities/trends do not exceed certain limits, step  520 , the process may return to monitoring incoming samples. 
         [0050]    In various embodiments, when provided water exceeds the standards, notification may be sent to the water supplier management, governmental authorities, other monitoring group, water consumers, step  530 . The notification may be via e-mail, text, text message, phone call, or the like. As an example, if a factory discharges a hazardous chemical into a water supply, when embodiments of the present invention located at a user&#39;s home detect the hazardous chemical, using the steps described above, Governmental authorities or the water supplier may activate an emergency notification system to automatically alert water customers that they should not use the water. 
         [0051]    In response to determining there is a problem with the water provided to consumers, one or more corrective actions may be taken by the water supplier, step  540 , until the water returns to an acceptable water quality, step  550 . Many conventional methods for treat the water, prior to providing to the user, are contemplated, for example, adding additional chemicals (e.g. chlorine); shifting sources of water (e.g. from lake to well water); locating and reducing of sources of contamination (e.g. factories, agricultural run-off, sewage); and the like. Such actions may be short-range actions and/or long range actions. 
         [0052]    As was illustrated in  FIG. 1 , it is contemplated that multiple users have embodiments of the present invention, and these multiple perform analyses upon the treated water (e.g. steps  340 - 350 ,  FIG. 2A ), and report the results to the server in step  385 ,  FIG. 2B . In  FIG. 3B , the analyses upon the input water is received by the centralized server, step  500 . 
         [0053]    In various embodiments, similar to the steps in  FIG. 3A , the centralized server may determine whether there are any positive or negative contamination trends in the water received by users, step  610 . In some embodiments, this may also be determined based upon currently received data, historical data, and/or other data previously gathered by the centralized server. In various embodiments, if the impurities/trends do not exceed certain limits, step  620 , the process may return to monitoring incoming samples. 
         [0054]    In various embodiments, when provided water exceeds the standards, the water supply may be automatically shut-off to one or more water customers, step  625 . Additionally, notification may be sent to the water supplier management, governmental authorities, other monitoring group, water consumers, step  630 . Again, the notification may be via e-mail, text, text message, phone call, or the like. As an example, if a factory discharges a hazardous chemical into a water supply, when embodiments of the present invention located at a user&#39;s home detect the hazardous chemical, within the treated water, Governmental authorities or the water supplier may activate an emergency notification system to automatically alert water customers that they should not use the water. In contrast to the process described in  FIG. 3A , the focus within  FIG. 3B  is water that cannot be effectively treated by embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0055]    In response to determining there is a problem with the water provided to consumers, one or more corrective actions may be taken by the water supplier, step  640 , until the water returns to an acceptable water quality, step  650 . In the short range, this may include replacing the water purification portions of embodiments of the present invention, at each water customer site. For example, replacing activated carbon filters, replacing particulate filters, adding additional UV light sources, and the like, step  660 . Many conventional methods for treat the water, prior to providing to the user, are also contemplated, for example, adding additional chemicals (e.g. chlorine); shifting sources of water (e.g. from lake to well water); locating and reducing of sources of contamination (e.g. factories, agricultural run-off, sewage); and the like. 
         [0056]    In various embodiments, device  140  in  FIG. 1  may be embodied as a water treatment device such as a water filter in a garage or under the sink, a table top device, a water pitcher, a water bottle (e.g. sports bottle) or the like. As an example, a water pitcher or water bottle may be based upon the design described in U.S. Pat. No. 8,816,300 issued Aug. 26, 2014 and assigned to the present assignee. 
         [0057]      FIG. 4  illustrates a functional block diagram of various embodiments of the present invention. In  FIG. 4 , a device  700  typically includes an applications processor  710 , memory  720 , a display or other visual indicator  740 , water analysis module  750 , physical and chemical purification modules  760 , UV purification modules  770 , a treated water holding tank  730 , and the like. Remote communications from and to device  700  can be provided by alternatively provided by a wired interface  775 , a GPS/Wi-Fi/Bluetooth interface  780 , RF interfaces  790 , or the like. As illustrated, the above modules may communicate via an internal communication mechanism. 
         [0058]    Typically, computing device  700  may include one or more processors  710 . Such processors  710  may also be termed application processors, and may include a processor core, a video/graphics core, and other cores. Processors  710  may be a processor from Apple ( 51 ), Intel (Quark SE), NVidia (Tegra K1, X1), Marvell (Armada), Qualcomm (Snapdragon), Samsung, TI (OMAP), or the like. In various embodiments, the processor core may be an Intel processor, an ARM Holdings processor such as the Cortex-A, -M, -R or ARM series processors, or the like. Other processing capability may include audio processors, interface controllers, and the like. It is contemplated that other existing and/or later-developed processors may be used in various embodiments of the present invention, including processors having greater processing capability (e.g. Intel Core) 
         [0059]    In various embodiments, memory  720  may include different types of memory (including memory controllers), such as flash memory (e.g. NOR, NAND), pseudo SRAM, DDR SDRAM, or the like. Memory  720  may be fixed within computing device  700  or removable (e.g. SD, SDHC, MMC, MINI SD, MICRO SD, CF, SIM). The above are examples of computer readable tangible media that may be used to store embodiments of the present invention, such as computer-executable software code (e.g. firmware, application programs), application data, operating system data or the like. It is contemplated that other existing and/or later-developed memory and memory technology may be used in various embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0060]    In various embodiments, display  730  may be based upon a variety of current or later display technology including displays having touch-response, (e.g. resistive displays, capacitive displays, optical sensor displays, electromagnetic resonance, or the like). Any later-developed or conventional output display technology may be used for the output display, such as TFT-LCD, OLED, Plasma, trans-reflective (Pixel Qi), electronic ink (e.g. electrophoretic, electrowetting, interferometric modulating). In various embodiments, the resolution of such displays and the resolution of such touch sensors may be set based upon engineering or non-engineering factors (e.g. sales, marketing). In some embodiments of the present invention, a display output port, such as an HDMI-based port or DVI-based port may also be included. 
         [0061]    In some embodiments of the present invention, water analysis module  750  may include multiple UV-LED light sources, each having unique UV light output frequencies, and one or more optical sensors. In various embodiment, UV-LED light sources have a relative narrow output peak (e.g. on the order of 20 nm), and are embodied as UV-LEDs currently being developed by the current assignee of the present application. The narrow output peaks allows embodiments of the present invention to differentiate between different types of contaminants and impurities. For example 210 nm to 250 nm range can detect Nitrites (NO2) and Nitrates (NO3), 250 nm to 380 nm can detect Total Organic Carbon (TOC), Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Color (Hazen), Assimilable Organic Carbon (AOC, 240 nm and 300 nm range can detect Ozone, 360 to 395 nm can detect Benzene, Toluene and Xylene (BTX) and Turbidity (NTU) and the like. In some embodiments, a single water analysis module  750  may only analyze purified water, or may analyze incoming and purified water. In other embodiments, two water analysis modules  750  are provided, one for incoming water, and one for purified (treated) water. 
         [0062]    In various embodiments, mechanical/chemical purification module  760  may include one or more porous membranes to filter-out contaminants particles suspended in the water. Additionally, module  760  may include any number of chemicals to reduce chemical contaminants in the water. In some examples, module  760  may include an activated charcoal filter to reduce chlorine and TOC (total organic carbon), DOC (dissolved organic carbon), COD (chemical oxygen demand), TOC, DOC and COD and the like. In various embodiments, incoming water is treated with module  760  prior to treatment with UV module  770 . 
         [0063]    In various embodiments, UV module  770  may be expose the water to different ranges of UV light to destroy different types of pathogens. For example, UV light in the 214 nm range is used to destroy MS2 coliphage, UV light in the 265 nm range is used to destroy  B. subtilis  and the like. In some embodiments, UV module  770  may also include embodiments of UV-LEDs under development by the current assignee. Such embodiments may directly target the pathogens determined in water analysis module  750  on the incoming water. For example, if only  B. subtilis  is detected in module  750 , only UV-LEDs having an output range of about 260 nm to about 270 nm can be activated, to attack the  B. subtilis . In other embodiments, a broad-band UV light source, e.g. medium pressure UV bulb may also be used, to purify the water, regardless of whether any pathogens are detected. 
         [0064]    In some embodiments, a photo detector, such as a photodiode, or a PMT (photomultiplier), or a spectrometer, can be used in the system to monitor optical signal generated by the UV-LED when transmitted through the water. 
         [0065]    In some embodiments, GPS receiving capability may also be included in various embodiments of the present invention, however is not required. The GPS functionality may provide the remote server with the geographic location of device  700 . Any number of MEMS sensors, e.g. accelerometer, gyroscope, pressure sensors, or the like, may also be included to help estimate water consumption data. Some water consumption data may be based upon when and how long is the bottle or pitcher is tilted down into a water dispensing position, how much pressure is placed upon pressure sensors on the bottom of the water storage portion before and after consumption (indicating how much water is remaining and/or indicating how much UV-C light is required to sanitize the remaining water), and the like. In other embodiments, these sensors (e.g. accelerometers) can be used to help determine how long water has been sitting in the water storage, considering or ignoring UV sanitation. In further embodiments, other types of sensors may also be incorporated, such as humidity sensors, temperature sensors, user heart-beat sensors, and the like. In various embodiments, the above data or conclusions derived from the above data (e.g. how long has the water been sitting in the bottle) may be provided to a remote device, as discussed above. 
         [0066]      FIG. 4  is representative of one computing device  700  capable of embodying the present invention. It will be readily apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that many other hardware and software configurations are suitable for use with the present invention. Embodiments of the present invention may include at least some but need not include all of the functional blocks illustrated in  FIG. 4 . Further, it should be understood that multiple functional blocks may be embodied into a single physical package or device, and various functional blocks may be divided and be performed among separate physical packages or devices. 
         [0067]    Further embodiments can be envisioned to one of ordinary skill in the art after reading this disclosure. For example, device  700  may be powered by any number of sources  800  including: AC from a wall outlet, solar-derived power, battery, manual crank or the like. As one example, a side wall of a portable water bottle may include solar cells, for on-the go charging. 
         [0068]      FIG. 5  illustrates an example of another embodiment of the present invention. In this example, a portable water bottle  810  is illustrated. Water bottle  810  includes an external housing having an opening  830 , and an inner watertight housing  840 . External housing may be a metal or metal alloy, glass, a translucent material, or other UV blocking material. In some embodiments, opening  830  may include a filter  835  (e.g. carbon, charcoal, etc.) for incoming water. In various examples, as mentioned above, inner housing  840  may include a coating of a catalyst, such as TiO2, or the like. In some embodiments, a UV reactive material is not used, and the inner wall may be formed from UV reflective material, e.g. stainless steel, aluminum, coated glass; or the like. The inner housing  840  may include a UV fluorescent material region  850 , a UV transmissive region  860 , an a photo detector  870 . In various embodiments, electronic components are disposed in a bottom portion  930  of water bottle  810 . As was discussed above, various components may be provided, such as a processor  940 , a power supply  950 , a wired or wireless communication interface  960 , LED drivers  970 , and one or more UV-LEDs  980 . In various embodiments, UV-LEDs  980  may include UV-A and/or UV-B LEDs or the like. 
         [0069]    In various embodiments, as illustrated, in response to UV illumination  880 , UV fluorescent material  850  provides visible light  890 , which can be seen by a user. In some embodiments, material  850  may be in the shape of a logo, pattern, special design, or the like. The design would appear to glow when UV illumination  880  was present. Additionally, in response to UV illumination  900 , the catalyst on inner housing  840  generates reactive oxygen species  910  within the liquid (e.g. water)  920 . Additionally, as illustrated, UV or white light illumination  990  passes through liquid  920  and strikes photo detector (photo diode or spectrometer)  870 . In various embodiments discussed above, the intensity of light indicates the clarity or turbidity of liquid  920 . In some embodiments, various types of optical properties may be measured, such as optical transmission, optical absorption, optical reflectance, and optical fluorescence, and the like. Depending upon the intensity of detected light, the time for the UV sanitizing process may be modified (e.g. increased or decreased); the intensity of the UV LEDs may be modified; the UV sanitizing process may be aborted; and the like. 
         [0070]    In various embodiments, water bottle  810  may transmit the turbidity data, the UV sanitization parameters, and the like through wireless interface  960  to a remote destination. For example, the data may be sent to a third-party remote server; to a user&#39;s smart device or home computer; or the like. 
         [0071]    In other embodiments, combinations or sub-combinations of the above disclosed invention can be advantageously made. For example, in  FIG. 5 , one or more UV wave guides may extend from the bottom surface of inner housing  840  into liquid  920 . Such embodiments could increase the diffusion of UV light within inner housing  840 . In another embodiment, the filter in the filtration process may include TiO2 material inside, where upon water will flow through the filter and be exposed to the surface of the TiO2 material (TiO2 nano particle, thin film, micro sphere, powder, etc.) UV light may be optionally delivered to the TiO2 material located inside the filter via light guiding technology, such as optical fiber or optical light guide blades. Such embodiments will increase the surface area of the TiO2 material exposed to the liquid, thus the oxidation capability will increase. 
         [0072]      FIGS. 6A-C  illustrate additional embodiments of the present invention. More specifically,  FIG. 6A  illustrates a water bottle  1000  embodiment, a water pitcher  1010  embodiment, as well as a charging dock  1020 . In various embodiments, water bottle  1000  and water pitcher  1010  may include some or all of the features or functions illustrated in  FIG. 5 , above, and any other feature described herein. 
         [0073]    In  FIGS. 6B and 6C , water bottle  1000  and water pitcher  1010  each include a respective UV base portion  1020  and  1030 , including respective activation (e.g. ON switch) buttons  1040  and  1050 . Additionally, water bottle  1000  and water pitcher  1010  include a plurality of respective regions  1060  and  1070  and  1080  and  1090  that are visual indication regions, as will be described below. Further, respective side-wall sections  1100  and  1110  are illustrated, and respectively topped with a screw-on cap  1120  and a pitcher lid  1130 . 
         [0074]    In various embodiments, UV base portions  1020  and  1030  may include a charging interface, electronic circuitry, as well as LEDs, illustrated in  FIG. 5 . For example, in some embodiments, UV base portions  1020  and  1030  may include electronic circuitry such as a power supply, e.g. battery, a processor and memory; UV and visible light LEDs and drivers, buttons  1040  and  1050  (or switches, etc.). In other embodiments, wireless interfaces may be provided to communicate data from water bottle  1000  and water pitcher  1010  to a remote device (e.g. remote server, smart device, etc.). In other embodiments, water quality sensors may also be provided, for the purposes described above. 
         [0075]    In the example illustrated in  FIG. 6A , dock  1020  includes a portion  2040  that protrudes upward. Further, water bottle  1000  and water pitcher  1010  are physically configured to have an indent under the respective UV base portion  1020  and  1030  into which portion  2040  protrudes when water bottle  1000  or water pitcher  1010  are placed upon dock  1020 . In some embodiments, portion  1140  may include electrodes that provide charging power to water bottle  1000  or water pitcher  1010 ; and in other embodiments, dock  1020  provides wireless charging functionality for water bottle  1000  and water pitcher  1010 . In still other embodiments, dock  1020  may include a wired or wireless interface to enable water bottle  1000  and water pitcher  1010  to communicate to a remote device. In one example, usage data, etc. of water bottle  1000  or water pitcher  1010  from the last time these devices were docked to dock  1020  may be downloaded into dock  1020  when these devices are placed or docked thereto. This data may include number of UV sterilization cycles; an approximate amount of water consumed (e.g. based upon UV sterilization cycles, physical perturbations (as sensed by MEMS accelerometers or the like within UV base portions); time of day water is consumed; water quality data (described above); and the like. The data may then be uploaded to the remote device via dock  1020 . 
         [0076]      FIGS. 7A-B  illustrates an example according to various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically,  FIGS. 7A-B  illustrate close-up views of a water pitcher  1200 . In  FIG. 7A , portions of water pitcher are illustrated and include a lid  1210  with a flap  1220 , an incoming water portion  1230 , a filter cartridge and filter cartridge holder  1240 , a UV base portion  1250 , a visual indicator portion  1260 , and a storage portion  1270 . 
         [0077]    As illustrated in the example in  FIG. 7B , filter cartridge and filter cartridge holder  1240  includes a handle  1290  and has a geometric shape that substantially matches a shape of incoming water portion  1230 , such that holder  1240  can be disposed in the bottom of incoming water portion  1230 . As illustrated in this example, the filter cartridge holder  1240  has a crescent-moon shape, although other shapes may also be used. In various embodiments, the filter cartridge and filter cartridge holder  140  may be manufactured from a UV transmissive material such that UV light within the water pitcher can prevent contaminants, biofilms, or the like from forming upon various surfaces of the filter cartridge or filter cartridge holder  140 . 
         [0078]    In various embodiments, incoming water portion  1230  also has a geometric shape that substantially matches a shape of the storage portion  1270 , such that incoming water portion  1230  can sit approximately flush to a top lip  1280  of storage portion  1270 . In various embodiments, incoming water portion  1230  includes a rounded over lip  1290  that is used to secure incoming water portion  1230  to lip  1280 . In some embodiments, incoming water portion  1230  is formed of UV blocking material, e.g. Plexiglas, Lexan, or the like, and in other embodiments, incoming water portion  1230  allows some UV to be transmitted. In such embodiments, UV light within the water pitcher can prevent contaminants, biofilms, or the like from forming upon these surfaces, yet inhibit UV from reaching the user. Additionally, the material may be transparent, translucent or opaque to visible light in other embodiments. As will be discussed further below, in some embodiments, incoming water portion  1230  can receive visible light provided by UV base portion  1250 , and direct the visible light outwards to the user, in a similar manner as visual indicator portion  1260 . 
         [0079]    In some embodiments, storage portion  1270  is detachable from UV base portion (typically including visual indicator portion  1260 ). In this example, when detached, storage portion  1270  may appears to a user to be a hollow tube that typically changes in shape and size in the vertical direction. In some embodiments, the interior of storage portion  1270  is formed from a UV reflective material such as stainless steel, aluminum, glass, Teflon, or the like. In some other embodiments, the interior of storage portion  1270  may be coated with a UV reactive material, such as TiO2, discussed above, to promote the formation of reactive ion species at the side-wall and to inhibit growth of contaminants. 
         [0080]    As will be illustrated below, UV base portion  1250  is typically secured to storage portion  1270  by a series of screw-type threads on the outside of UV base portion  1250  and on the interior of storage portion  1270 . Other mechanisms for attaching storage portion  1270  to UV base portion  1250  are contemplated, such as screw-type threads on the exterior of storage portion  1270  and in an interior of UV base portion  1250 ; via the use of rubber gaskets and compression fittings and or latches; or the like. In various embodiments, the seal between UV base portion  1250  and storage portion  1270  should be water-tight. 
         [0081]      FIG. 8  illustrates an example according to various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically,  FIG. 8  illustrates close-up views of a water bottle  1300 . In  FIG. 8 , portions of water bottle are illustrated and include a screw-in top  1310 , a UV base portion  1320 , a visual indicator portion  1330 , and a storage portion  1340 . 
         [0082]    In some embodiments, storage portion  1340  is detachable from UV base portion  1320  (typically including visual indicator portion  1330 ). In this example, when detached, storage portion  1340  also appears to be a hollow tube that typically changes in shape and size in the vertical direction as shown. In some embodiments, the interior of storage portion  1340  is formed from a UV reflective material such as stainless steel, aluminum, glass, Teflon, or the like. In some other embodiments, the interior wall of storage portion  1340  may be coated with a UV reactive material, such as TiO2, discussed above. Storage portion  1340  typically includes an exterior wall also formed from material such as stainless steel, aluminum, plastic, or the like. Typically the exterior wall is separated from the interior wall by insulation, a vacuum, or the like. 
         [0083]    As will be illustrated below, UV base portion  1320  is typically secured to storage portion  1340  by a series of screw-type threads on the outside of UV base portion  1320  and on the interior of storage portion  1340 . Other mechanisms for attaching storage portion  1340  to UV base portion  1320  are also contemplated, as discussed above. In various embodiments, the seal between UV base portion  1320  and storage portion  1350  should also be water-tight. In light of the above, these mechanisms allow UV base portion  1320  to be separated from storage portion  1340  and allow UV base portion  1320  to be tightly coupled to storage portion  1340 . 
         [0084]    In some embodiments of the present invention, an upper lip portion  1350  of storage portion  1340  may include a ring of material  1360 . In some embodiments, the ring of material  1360  is formed of UV blocking material, e.g. Plexiglas, Lexan, or the like. Additionally, the material may be transparent, translucent or opaque to visible light in other embodiments. As will be discussed further below, in some embodiments, ring of material  1360  can receive visible light provided by UV base portion  1320 , and direct the visible light outwards to the user, in a similar manner as visual indicator portion  1330 . In other embodiments, a ring of material  1370  may alternatively be disposed upon screw-in top  1310 . As above, ring of material  1370  is typically formed of UV blocking material, e.g. Plexiglas, Lexan, or the like, while remaining transparent, translucent or opaque to visible light. Additionally, when screw-in top  1310  is secured to the upper lip portion  1350 , ring of material  1370  may also receive visible light provided by UV base portion  1320 , and direct the visible light outwards to the user, in a similar manner as visual indicator portion  1330 . 
         [0085]    In various embodiments, the design and cross-section shape of storage portion  1110  or storage portion  1100  may change versus height, i.e. it is not expected that storage portion  1270  or  1100  will be a perfect cylinder in some embodiments. As illustrated in the above figures, a specific design typically includes an approximately cylindrical base portion (or a truncated cone or an inverted truncated cone); a ring-shaped portion on top of the base portion that outputs illumination in different animated patterns (as will be illustrated below); and for a pitcher: a curved design for the storage portion having a smoothly formed spout; a handle attached to the storage portion; and a semi-circular or semi-ovoid-shape portion on top of the storage portion that also outputs illumination in different animated patterns; and for a bottle: an approximately cylindrical design that tapers near the top opening; a ring-shaped portion on the top opening that also outputs illumination in different animated patterns; and a bottle top having smoothly formed opening. In other embodiments only a sub-set of these design elements may be considered with the scope of the designs herein. For example, a water pitcher or a water bottle having an inverted truncated cone shape for a base portion (e.g.  1030 ,  1020 ) and a ring-shaped illumination portion (e.g.  1080 ,  1060 ) on top of the base portion that provides animated or static illumination may be considered with the scope of embodiments of designs of the present invention. As another example, a design may include those elements mentioned immediately above, including another illumination portion (e.g.  1090 ,  1070 ) of the top of the sidewalls that also provides animated or static illumination. 
         [0086]      FIG. 9  illustrates an example according to various embodiments of the present invention. More specifically,  FIG. 9  illustrates a close-up views of a top view of a UV base portion  1400 . In this example, UV base portion  1400  includes a UV-C light source  1410 , multiple visible light sources  1420 , a visual indicator portion  1440 , and external threads  1450 . In various embodiments of the present invention, UV-C light source  1410  includes UV-C LEDs mounted upon a substrate provided by the assignee of the present invention. In other embodiments, UV-C light source  1410  may have a different appearance, depending upon the specific manufacturer. 
         [0087]    In various embodiments, visual indication portion  1440  may be formed from a UV blocking material, e.g. Plexiglas, Lexan, or the like. Additionally, visual indication portion  1440  may be transparent, translucent or opaque to visible light. In various embodiments, visual indication portion  1440  receives visible light from multiple visible light sources  1420  and directs the visible light radially outwards to the user. In this embodiment, visual indication portion  1440  includes external threads  1450  enabling UV base portion  1400  to be coupled to threads of a water storage portion, as discussed above. 
         [0088]    In some embodiments of the present invention, UV-C light source  1410  and multiple visible light sources  1420 , as well as other electronics and power supplies noted above, are electrically sealed within UV base portion  1400 . A substantially UV transparent material, e.g. glass, quartz, sapphire, or the like may be used to protect the components from UV base portion  1400  from water sitting on UV base portion  1400 . In another embodiments, a substantially UV transparent material is disposed primarily above UV-light source  1410 , and cheaper material, e.g. Lexan is disposed over the other regions of UV base portion  1400 , e.g. multiple visible light sources, etc. Buttons, power connections, and the like on UV base portion  1400  may also be protected from water via gaskets, rubberized or inductive switches, and the like. In some embodiments, instead of UV base portion  1400  having a transparent window, the water storage portions may have bottoms formed from substantially UV transparent material, e.g. glass, quartz, sapphire, or the like. The water storage portions thus resemble a cup or container. This transparent bottom then protects UV base portion  1400  from water damage. In still other embodiments, to further decrease potential water damage to UV base portion  1400 , both UV base portion  1400  and water storage portions incorporate UV transparent material to protect water from UV base portion  1400 . 
         [0089]    In various examples, UV-C light source  1410  and visible light sources  1420  are illustrated disposed upon a material, such as stainless steel, aluminum, or the like, such that UV—C or visible light generated by these sources that is directed radially outwards is redirected generally upwards. 
         [0090]    In various embodiments, multiple visible light sources  1420  are typically visible light LEDs and can be individually driven or addressed. In some examples, LEDs from light sources  1420  may have a similar wavelength or have different wavelengths of outputs (e.g. R, G, B). Accordingly, to a user, many different colors of light can be produced with different combinations of LED intensity. In some embodiments, the apparent color of light may be programmed by a user to help differentiate users&#39; water bottles. For example, a mother&#39;s water bottle may be programmed to output a teal color, a daughter&#39;s water bottle may be programmed to output a pink color, a son&#39;s water bottle may be programmed to output a red color, and the like. 
         [0091]    In some embodiments, an output color for multiple visible light sources  1420  serve as visual indicators to a user. For example, when a UV sanitization process is occurring, light sources  1420  may provide blue colored light; when water has not been sanitized, light sources  1420  may provide red colored light; when the water has been sanitized, light sources  1420  may provide green colored light; when the water bottle is almost empty, light sources  1420  may provide not output or brown colored light; and the like. 
         [0092]    In various embodiments, multiple visible light sources  1420  are controlled commonly. As an example, when the water level within the water bottle is low, light sources  1420  may blink on and off at the same time; when the water has not been sanitized, light sources  1420  may blink on and off at the same time for a first number of times, and then stay on for a second period of time. The rate of blinking or alternation of on and off may provide the user with visual indications of status of the water bottle, or the like. As examples, during UV sanitation, the rate of blinking on and off of light sources  1420  may indicate how close to complete the process is, e.g. slower blinking rate at the beginning, faster blinking rate near the end, and solid on after completion; the rate of blinking or intensity of light sources  1420  may indicate the status of the power source within UV base portion  1400 , e.g. a high duty cycle or rate of blinking when the battery is fully charged (e.g. appearance of a fast heart beat), a low duty cycle or rate of blinking rate when the battery is lower (e.g. appearance of a slower heart beat), and no light, when the battery is insufficient to perform a UV sterilization cycle (e.g. solid on or off). 
         [0093]    In additional embodiments, multiple visible light sources  1420  may be controlled individually thus multiple patterns of blinking as well as intensity are enabled. As an example, when the water level within the water bottle is low, light sources  1420  may slowly turn on and off in succession around UV base portion  1400  (e.g. clock-wise or counter clock-wise); when the water has not been sanitized, every other light source from light sources  1420  may turn-on and off out of phase (e.g. odd light sources are turned on while even light sources are turned off, then even light sources are turned on while odd light sources are turned off); etc. The rate of blinking or alternation of on and off may also provide the user with visual indications of status of the water bottle. As examples, during UV sanitation, the rate of blinking on and off of light sources  1420  in succession may indicate how close to complete the process is, e.g. slower successive turning on and off rate of LEDs at the beginning, faster successive turning on and off rate of LEDs near the end, and solid on after completion; the rate of blinking or intensity of light sources  1420  may also indicate the status of the power source within UV base portion  1400 , e.g. faster turning on and off of LEDs when the battery is fully charged, slower turning on and off of LEDs when the battery is lower, and no light or solid light, when the battery is insufficient to perform a UV sterilization cycle. 
         [0094]    In still other embodiments, the number of LEDs in visible light sources  1420  indicates progress of a UV sanitation cycle. As an example, when a UV sanitation cycle is initiated, a few LEDs of light sources  1420  are turned on and remain on, as the UV sanitation continues, more and more LEDs of light sources  1420  are turned on and remain on, and as the UV sanitation completes, all of the LEDs of light sources  1420  are turned on and remain on. A user can thus readily see the progress of a UV sanitation cycle. Alternatively, all LEDs in visible light sources  1420  are initially turned on, and as UV sanitation progresses, particular LEDs are turned off, until no LEDs remain on (UV sanitation completed). 
         [0095]    In light of the above disclosure, one of ordinary skill in the art will understand that many different combinations of the above visual feedback techniques are possible as well as other visual techniques not specifically discussed herein and are all contemplated in embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0096]      FIGS. 10A-H  illustrate design embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, each of  FIGS. 10A-H  illustrate pairs of views (e.g. front views  1500  and rear views  1510 ) of a water storage device according to various embodiments of the present invention at the same time.  FIGS. 10A-H  illustrate the views with respect to time while performing an operation, e.g. a UV sanitizing cycle. In  FIG. 10A . after initiation of the operation a first subset of LEDs  1520  are activated; in  FIG. 10B , as time progresses, the first subset or a portion thereof is deactivated and a second subset of LEDs  1530  are activated. It should be understood that, LEDs may be part of multiple subsets, such as first subset  1520 , second subset  1530 , or the like; or LEDs may belong to only one subset. In  FIG. 10C , a third subset of LEDs  1540  are then activated in progression, and continues to the rear side of the water storage device. As illustrated in  FIGS. 10D-10F , additional subsets of LEDs  1550 ,  1560  and  1570  are activated on the rear sided of the water storage device, and various LEDs are deactivated, as shown. In  FIG. 10G , a subsequent set of LEDs  1580  are then activated, and progresses back to the front side of the water storage device. Next, in  FIG. 10H , LEDs  1590  are then activated on the front side of the water storage device. In various embodiments, the process of  FIGS. 10A-10H  may then be repeated; the process of  FIGS. 10A-10H  may be reversed; or the like. It should be understood that the inactivated LEDs may also appear to rotate about the base. Although illustrated as a water pitcher, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a water bottle, as illustrated in  FIG. 6C . Additionally, in various design embodiments, an upper indicator region may also be provided that has the similar lighting patterns as described above. 
         [0097]      FIGS. 11A-H  illustrate design embodiments of the present invention. More specifically, each of  FIGS. 11A-H  illustrate pairs of views (e.g. front views  1600  and rear views  1610 ) of a water storage device according to various embodiments of the present invention at the same time.  FIGS. 11A-H  illustrate the views with respect to time while performing an operation, e.g. a UV sanitizing cycle. In  FIG. 11A . after initiation of the operation a first subset of LEDs  1620  are activated; in  FIG. 11B , as time progresses, the first subset and a second subset of LEDs  1530  are activated. In  FIG. 11C , a third subset of LEDs  1640  are then activated which continues to the rear side of the water storage device, while the first and second subset of LEDs remain activated. As illustrated in  FIGS. 11D-11F , additional subsets of LEDs  1650 ,  1660  and  1670  are activated on the rear sided of the water storage device, while the previous LEDs remain activated, as shown. In  FIG. 11G , a subsequent set of LEDs  1680  are then activated on the front side of the water storage device. Next, in  FIG. 11H , LEDs  1690  are then activated on the front side of the water storage device. In various embodiments, the process of  FIGS. 11A-11H  may then be repeated; the process of  FIGS. 11A-11H  may be reversed; or the like. It should be understood that the inactivated LEDs may appear to shrink about the base. Although illustrated as a water pitcher, embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a water bottle, as illustrated in  FIG. 6C . Additionally, in various design embodiments, an upper indicator region may also be provided that has the similar lighting patterns as described above. 
         [0098]    As discussed above, the activation (and/or deactivation) of various of the LEDs may indicate many different operations, such as to indicate: that UV sanitation is occurring, the percentage progress of the UV sanitation process, the amount of battery life left, that communication with a remote server is occurring, the amount of time since the last sterilization process, and the like. Additionally, the color may also indicate various information such as: blue to indicate a sanitizing process is occurring, red for unsanitized water, green for sanitized water, brown for low power, and the like. Various combinations of activation/deactivation of lights in other types of patterns, and with various indicator colors is contemplated to be within the scope of embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0099]    In various embodiments of the present invention, for example in the case of a UV sterilization bottle or a UV pitcher, as illustrated above, the UV sterilization cycle may be initiated upon a variety of conditions, such as: a user pushing a button on the device; the device automatically sensing when the bottle or pitcher are filled with water (e.g. a pressure sensor sensing an amount of water in the bottle or pitcher); automatically sensing when the lid or cap is removed (e.g. the user filling up with new water, the user drinking water and producing backwash, etc.); the processor determining that an amount of time has elapsed without the water being changed or sterilized (e.g. refreshing the water with another sterilization process (e.g. 2 minute sterilization) every 5 hours, etc.); the user initiating a sterilization process via pressing a button on a remote device (e.g. cell phone, smart device) and having the remote device communicate with the water pitcher or bottle; and the like. 
         [0100]    In other embodiments of the present invention, additional design and functional features may be added. For example, the water storage portion of a water pitcher or water bottle may include a vertical slit running top to bottom and sealed with a plastic or glass insert. In such examples, the user may visually ascertain the amount of water stored with the pitcher and water bottle. A suitable design may appear as constant thickness or changing thickness stripe running down the side of the pitcher or water bottle, or the like. 
         [0101]      FIG. 12  illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. More specifically,  FIG. 12  illustrates a storage portion in the form of a bottle  1200 , e.g. a baby bottle, a sports bottle, or the like, having a bottom formed of a UV transparent material  1210  that rests upon a cradle-like structure  1220  on a UV base portion  1230 . Similar to the embodiment illustrated above and in  FIG. 5 , UV base portion  1230  includes the UV light source (UV LEDs)  1290  and optionally other functional blocks, such as a processor  1240 , a power source  1250 , a wireless communication portion  1260 , and LED drivers  1270 . In this embodiment, bottle  1200  can be set down upon UV base portion  1230  for sanitizing the liquid  1205  contents of bottle  1200  (e.g. milk, water, juice, sports drinks, etc.), and then separated from UV base portion  1230  for use (e.g. a baby or person drinking). In some embodiments, UV base portion  1230  may include a UV transparent material  1280  between bottle  1200  and UV light source  1290 , although some embodiments may dispense with UV transparent material  1280 . 
         [0102]    Similar to embodiments described above, UV light  1300  may shine into bottle  1200  and sanitize or otherwise react with the liquid. UV light  1300  may illuminate the liquid upon demand or periodically. More specifically, UV light  1300  provided by UV base portion  1230  can be used to help facilitate sanitation (e.g. sanitize, periodically keep fresh) of the contents of bottle  1200 , and/or UV light  1300  provided by UV base portion  1230  may modify (e.g. form reactive ion species, or the like) the contents of the bottle. For example, while bottle  1200  is cradled upon UV base portion  1230 , every 30 minutes UV light  1300  may shine into bottle  1200  for a minute. This periodic illumination of the liquid with UV light  1300  maintains sanitation of the liquid, according to studies conducted by the inventors of the present invention. In various embodiments, UV light  1300  may be within the UV-C frequency range. Additionally or alternatively, in various embodiments, UV LED  1290  may include a UV-B LED, thus UV light  1300  may within the UV-B frequency range. 
         [0103]    In other embodiments, additional features may be included. In one example, one or more pressure sensors may be provided into UV base portion  1230  so that the weight of bottle  1200  (e.g. baby bottle) before and after being used may be measure. The difference in weight may be used by processor  1240  to determine an approximate amount of liquid (e.g. water, juice, milk or the like) that is consumed. The consumption may then be recorded with respect to time and reported from UV base portion  1230  via wireless communication portion  1260  to a remote device (e.g. server, smart device, etc.), as was described above. 
         [0104]    In some embodiments, UV light  1300  provided by UV base portion  1230  can be used to analyze various parameters (e.g. opacity) of the contents  1205  of the bottle (e.g. water, juice, milk, or the like). In some embodiments, a built-in opacity detector determines the opacity of the liquid present, e.g. milk, water, juice, etc. Based upon the opacity, the processor may increase or decrease a UV exposure time, increase or decrease a UV light intensity (e.g. 100%, 50%, etc.), or the like. For example, if the liquid  1205  is more opaque than water, UV light  1300  may have a higher intensity, a longer exposure time, a more frequent refresh schedule, and the like. In some embodiments, a detector  1215  similar to detector  870  illustrated in  FIG. 5  may be used to determine opacity of the liquid. In  FIG. 12 , detector  1215  is illustrated on the side of bottle  1200 , however the positioning of a UV-LED source and the positioning of the detector may vary according to engineering factors. 
         [0105]    In some embodiments, to facilitate UV light  1300  exposure to liquids, especially liquids more opaque than water, a user may be instructed to periodically mechanically shake bottle  1200 , e.g. in a stirring or a rotating motion, such that more of liquid  1205  stored therein can be exposed to UV light  1300 . By ensuring that different portions of liquid  1205  are exposed to UV light  1300 , liquid  1205  can be more thoroughly sanitized. In one example, UV base portion  1230  or a smart device may visually indicate to a user that bottle  1200  should be shaken or stirred via an LED light or text output screen. After the user does this mechanical agitation and replaces bottle  1200  onto UV base portion  1230 , an additional UV light exposure cycle can be performed. After the sanitation cycle completes, the sanitation of liquid  1205 , e.g. milk, is increased, and the milk can be consumed. In some embodiments, a mechanical agitator,  1310  may be incorporated into bottle  1200  and be controlled by UV base portion  1230 . In one example, mechanical agitator  1310  may periodically stir liquid  1205  within bottle  1200  during a UV cycle so that the liquid may be uniformly exposed to UV light  1300 . In another embodiment, an air bubbler mechanism may be used to agitate the liquid. 
         [0106]    The inventors have performed various experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of agitation. In some tests, two chambers were used containing 10 liters of water and having a single UV LED at the tops. Next 0.1% Luria broth (LB) was added to the water to decrease the clarity of the water, e.g. to simulate a light absorbing liquid. This resulted in a measured penetration depth of the UV light in the sample to be 29% shorter than unfiltered tap water. The liquid in each chamber was then contaminated with  e - coli  bacteria to approximately 6×10̂6 CFU/ml. After providing a series of UV light exposures to the liquid, samples were taken from multiple locations in the chambers after each exposure. In the case where no agitation was used during UV exposure, it took 12 minutes to reach 6 log 10 disinfection, and there was a large variation in disinfection efficacy across the chamber. In contrast, in the case where agitation was used during UV exposure, it took 6 minutes to reach 6 log 10 disinfection, and disinfection was uniform across the chamber. 
         [0107]      FIG. 13  illustrates another embodiment of the present invention. In  FIG. 13 , a UV portion  1400  may be disposed above a bottle  1410 , and provide UV light  1420  to the liquid  1510 , as well as a liquid consumption structure  1430  (e.g. nipple, spout, straw, etc.). Similar to the embodiment in  FIG. 5 , in one embodiment, UV portion  1400  may include a UV sensitive region  1440  that emits visible light  1450  when struck by UV light  1420 . In other embodiments, a visible light LED or the like may be provided within UV portion  1400  to visually indicate when UV light  1420  is being produced. In some embodiments, UV portion  1400  may also include a processor  1460 , a power supply  1470 , a communications portion  1480 , UV LEDs  1500 , and LED drivers  1490 , having similar functionality described above. [ 0108 ] The block diagrams of the architecture and flow charts are grouped for ease of understanding. However it should be understood that combinations of blocks, additions of new blocks, re-arrangement of blocks, and the like are contemplated in alternative embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0108]    The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. It will, however, be evident that various modifications and changes may be made thereunto without departing from the broader spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the claims.