Abstract:
A coke oven offtake piping system includes a pipe assembly for conveying coke oven gases from a coke oven to a collecting main, at least one spraying nozzle in the pipe assembly, and a discharge section with a discharge pipe having a discharge orifice. A gate member cooperates with the discharge orifice and is movable along the discharge orifice in order to present a closing surface to the extremity thereof, whereby the opening area of said discharge orifice can be varied for controlling the flow rate to the collecting main. The gate member is a spherical cap with a concave closing surface. The gate member is configured to pivot around a pivoting axis to expose the discharge orifice and to cover the discharge orifice, respectively.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention generally relates to coke oven construction and more specifically to an offtake piping of a coke oven with integrated flow control valve to adjust the raw gas flow from each individual oven chamber to the collecting main. 
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF RELATED ART 
     Conventionally in coke plants comprising a battery of coke ovens the raw gases (distillation gases and vapors) from each single oven are lead through an offtake piping to a collecting main extending typically over the entire length of the battery of coke ovens. The offtake piping itself typically comprises a standpipe (also known as riser or ascension pipe) extending upwardly from the oven roof and a gooseneck, i.e. a short curved pipe communicating with the top of the standpipe and leading to the collecting main. One or more spraying nozzles are arranged in the gooseneck to cool (quench) the raw gases from about 700-800° C. down to a temperature of about 80-100° C. 
     In order to individually control the gas pressure in each coke oven chamber, it is known to provide a control valve in the offtake piping or at its discharge opening in the collecting main, that allows to close and/or throttle the gas flow through the offtake piping. Such devices offer the possibility of continuously controlling the oven pressure during distillation time so as to avoid overpressure during the first phase of the distillation process, by maintaining a negative pressure in the collecting main, whereby emissions from doors, charging holes etc. can be fully reduced. Moreover, a continuous oven pressure control allows avoiding negative relative pressures at the oven bottom during the last phase of distillation when the coke gas flow rate is low. 
     A known type of pressure control valve is e.g. described in U.S. Pat. No. 7,709,743. This valve is arranged inside the collecting main at the discharge extremity of a vertical discharge section of the gooseneck. The valve permits controlling the backpressure in the oven chamber and is based on the adjustment of water level inside the valve, providing a variation of the valve port area through which the raw gas flows. 
     EP 1 746 142, which relates to a method of reducing the polluting emissions from coke ovens, uses a pot valve pivotable about a lateral axis. Each distillation chamber is connected by a gooseneck to a collecting main via such interposed pot valve. The oven pressure in the individual distillation chambers is detected by means of pressure sensors and the pot valve position is adjusted in order to control the flow rate to the collecting main depending on the pressure in the oven. In one embodiment, the valve member is provided with a curved tubular metal structure to limit the flow cross section during the beginning of the opening stroke. Despite the reliable design of this valve, it does not allow much progressivity in the flow rate control. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY 
     The disclosure provides an alternative coke oven offtake piping system with improved integrated flow control capability. 
     The present invention relates to a coke oven offtake piping system comprising a pipe assembly with a discharge section including a discharge pipe having a discharge orifice, a gate member cooperating with the discharge orifice for controlling the flow rate to the collecting main. At least one spraying nozzle is preferably provided for quenching the raw gas flow from the oven. 
     According to an important aspect of the present invention, the gate member is designed so as to be movable along the discharge orifice in order to present a closing surface to the extremity of the discharge pipe. This allows varying the opening area of the discharge orifice to control the flow rate to the collecting main. 
     Contrary to valves having a closure member, which is lifted off the valve seat in opening positions (as e.g. with the pot valve of EP 1 746 142), the gate member used in the present invention has an operating movement that is configured for moving along the discharge orifice. The gate member, seen with respect to the discharge orifice, is thus moved somewhat transversally in front of the discharge orifice rather than away from (resp. closer to) the discharge orifice. In practice, for high flow rates, the gate member is advantageously in a position where it does not at all cover/obstruct the discharge orifice (typically is laterally parked). Partial obturation is obtained by progressively moving the gate member below the discharge orifice to cover a desired proportion of the discharge orifice. This is, in practice, not possible with a valve design where the closure member is lifted off from the valve seat in the opening position, since it is quite difficult to precisely control the spacing between the valve member and the valve seat. Since there is no lifting movement, the part of the closing member that obstructs the discharge orifice can be maintained at a constant distance from the pipe extremity: this allows a precise control of the opening area while limiting leaks due to the operating gap between the closure member and discharge pipe. 
     The closing surface of the gate member may be flat or curved. In the case of a flat gate member, its operating movement can be a simple translation from the side of the discharge pipe (fully open) to a desired position under the discharge pipe to partially or fully obstruct the discharge orifice. 
     Alternatively, the closing surface of the gate member may be curved, in which case the closure member may describe a pivoting operating movement around a pivoting axis allowing its pivoting along the discharge orifice to obstruct a desired proportion of the discharge orifice (preferably between 0 and 100%). The gate member may thus present a generally convex or concave surface profile to the extremity of the discharge pipe, preferably with a constant curvature radius. In practice, the gate member may be a spherical or cylindrical cap. 
     For improved flow regulation capability towards the end of the distillation phase, at least one cut-out is advantageously arranged in the gate member or in the discharge pipe about the discharge orifice so as to form a variable section opening during a portion of the pivoting stroke of the gate member. The cut-out is preferably positioned so that, as the gate member has been progressively closed to reduce the opening area of the discharge orifice, the latter is completely obstructed by the gate member except for the opening defined by the cut-out, which itself can be reduced by further moving the gate member in the closing direction. 
     Such valve design with fine flow control capability provides a simple and efficient solution for precisely controlling the flow rate to the collecting main at low pressures inside the coke oven chamber (typically towards the end of the distillation phase). 
     The shape and number of cut-outs can be adapted at will, in order to provide the desired flow characteristics trough the valve. Preferably the cut-out(s) is(are) arranged to extend inwardly from an edge of the member in which they are provided. In case the cut-out is to be borne by the discharge pipe, it may e.g. be arranged in an inwardly extending lip at the bottom of the discharge pipe that follows the curvature of the closing member. In another embodiment cut-outs are formed by a series of holes in the gate member, arranged about an edge thereof. 
     For ease of implementation, the cut-out (or a plurality thereof) is arranged in the gate member so that the discharge pipe may be a simple cylindrical or frustoconical pipe. Preferably, the cut-out extends inwardly from an edge of the gate member. The cut-out is arranged in the closing member at a position where it will form a reduced, variable section opening towards the end of the closing stroke of the gate member. For example the cut-out can be provided on the leading edge of the gate member, so that as from a given position of the gate member, the gate member will completely obstruct the discharge orifice except for the opening area defined by the cut-out and the rim of the discharge opening. 
     Advantageously, the gate member is designed in such a way that in the closed position, its peripheral borders extend upwardly beyond the extremity of the discharge orifice, so that a hydraulic seal forms and closes the operating gap between the orifice and the gate member as process fluid collects in the gate member cavity. 
     Preferably, the concave (or convex) surface profile of the gate member has a centre of curvature that is substantially coaxial with the pivoting axis. This allows pivoting the gate member about the discharge orifice with a constant operating gap between the two parts. Alternatively, a slight shift between pivoting axis and curvature centre may exist, to provide a metallic contact between parts in the closed position. 
     In one embodiment, the discharge pipe extends in a discharge cage connecting the collecting main; and spray means are provided to spray the outer wall of the discharge pipe. Spray means are advantageously arranged in the discharge cage so that in certain partially open positions of the gate member, sprayed fluid flows between the outer wall of the discharge pipe and the gate member cavity and forms a hydraulic seal. 
     To avoid water accumulation in the discharge pipe up above a certain level, overflow means may be integrated in the discharge pipe, excess water being evacuated into the discharge cage. 
     A conventional-type pot valve may be provided downstream of the gate member to permit sealed closure of the offtake piping. However, as mentioned above, when the gate member forms a cavity with borders extending beyond the discharge orifice, such pot-valve is not needed since a hydraulic seal forms in the gate member cavity. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 23 , any appropriate drive means may be used for pivoting the gate member about its axis at an end of the discharge pipe  20 . Typically the gate member  24  may be supported by one or two arms  231 , whose opposite extremities can be housed in bearings  232  coinciding with the pivoting axis A. The actuation mechanism  223  may be designed to permit manual and/or automated actuation. 
     In one embodiment, the closing member is a spherical cap with a truncated edge that forms a flat leading edge of the gate member. This is an interesting alternative to a full spherical cap because the leading edge can provide a narrower flow area when associated with a circular discharge orifice. 
     As illustrated in FIG.  24 ,the coke oven offtake piping system  242  according to the present invention can be associated to one or more actuator(s)  223  for its actuation. The actutaror(s)  233  is/are controlled by an electric/electronic control unit  244  also connected to pressure sensor(s)  243 in the coke oven  241  chamber. The control unit  244  is advantageously configured to—based on the detected pressure—progressively adjust the position of the gate member  246  relative to the discharge orifice to provide a progressive constriction of the discharge opening as the pressure varies in the oven  241  chamber. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 25 , the present invention also concerns a coke plant  250  comprising a battery of coke ovens  251  and a collecting main  253 , wherein the gases from each single oven  251  are lead to said collecting main  253  via a coke oven offtake piping system as defined hereinabove. In a coke plant  250  equipped with such offtake piping system, the oven pressure can be continuously controlled during distillation time so as to avoid overpressure during the first phase of the distillation process, by maintaining a negative pressure in the collecting main  253 , whereby emissions from doors, charging holes etc. can be fully reduced. Such continuous oven pressure control further allows avoiding negative relative pressures at the oven bottom during the last phase of distillation when the coke gas flow rate is low. 
     According to another aspect of the present invention, there is proposed a method of controlling the gas flow rate from coke ovens, wherein a battery of coke oven chambers are each connected by a coke oven offtake piping system as described above to a collecting main. The method comprises the steps of detecting the oven pressure in the individual coke oven chambers by means of pressure sensors, and based on the detected pressure, progressively adjusting the position of the gate member relative to the discharge orifice to provide a progressive constriction of the discharge opening as the pressure varies in the oven. This method can be implemented using appropriate actuators, e.g. solenoid-type, for the gate member that are controlled by a control circuit responsive to the pressure signals generated by the pressure sensors. The actuators may be coupled to positional transducers generating position signals received by the control unit. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention will be more apparent from the following description of several not limiting embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, wherein: 
         FIG. 1 : is a vertical section view through a first embodiment of an coke oven offtake piping system in accordance with the present invention, the gate member being in the closed position; 
         FIG. 2 : is a section of the piping system of  FIG. 1  with the gate member in a partially open position; 
         FIG. 3 : is a section of the piping system of  FIG. 1  with the gate member in the fully open position; 
         FIG. 4 : is a vertical section view through the gate member and discharge pipe of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 5 : is a vertical section view through the gate member and discharge pipe of  FIG. 1 , the cutting plane containing the pivoting axis of the gate member; 
         FIG. 6 : is a perspective view of the gate member of  FIG. 1 ; 
         FIG. 7 : is a top view of the configuration shown in  FIG. 4 ; 
         FIG. 8 : is a top view of an alternative embodiment with a cylindrical gate member and square discharge pipe; 
         FIG. 9 : is a perspective view of the gate member of  FIG. 8 ; 
         FIG. 10 : is a top view of another embodiment with a cylindrical gate member and square discharge pipe; and 
         FIG. 11 : is a perspective view of the gate member of  FIG. 10 ; 
         FIG. 12 : is vertical section view through an alternative embodiment of cooperating gate member and discharge pipe; 
         FIG. 13 : is a front view of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 14 : is vertical section view through another alternative embodiment of cooperating gate member and discharge pipe. 
         FIG. 15 : is a front view of  FIG. 12 ; 
         FIG. 16 : is a top view of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 17 : is a perspective view of the gate member of  FIG. 14 ; 
         FIG. 18 : is vertical section view through a further alternative embodiment of cooperating gate member and discharge pipe. 
         FIG. 19 : is a front view of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 20 : is a perspective view, from below, of the discharge pipe of  FIG. 18 ; 
         FIG. 21 : is a vertical section view through another embodiment of a coke oven offtake piping system, where the bottom of the discharge pipe has a plurality of cut-outs and the gate member is shown in the closed position; 
         FIG. 22 : is a view of the piping system of  FIG. 21  with the gate member in a Partially open position; 
         FIG. 23  illustrated a portion of a coke oven offtake piping system; 
         FIG. 24  illustrated a block diagram of a control system for controlling a gate member of an offtake piping system; and 
         FIG. 25  illustrated a block diagram of a coke plant according to an embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       FIG. 1  shows a preferred embodiment of a coke oven offtake piping system in accordance with the present invention. It comprises a piping assembly for conveying the raw distillation gas from an individual coke oven chamber to the collecting main. In the present embodiment, the piping assembly comprises a standpipe (not shown) connected at its bottom to the roof of a coke oven (not shown), e.g. a slot-type chamber of a coke oven battery. Reference sign  12  indicates a gooseneck (curved pipe) for conveying the raw coke oven gases (arrow  16 ) from the upper part of the standpipe to the collecting main  14  of the coke plant, which typically extends over the entire length of the battery of coke ovens. These piping elements may be conventionally provided with a refractory lining. Gases exiting the oven chamber at a temperature of about 700 to 800° C. are quenched in the gooseneck  12  by means of one (or more) spraying nozzle  18  (spraying process fluid such as ammonia water or the like) down to a temperature of 80-100° C. 
     Intermediate the gooseneck  12  and the collecting main  14  is a discharge section, generally indicated  19 , with a cylindrical (may also be e.g. a conical segment) discharge pipe  20  having a discharge orifice  22 . The quenched gas exiting the gooseneck portion  12  thus flows to the collecting main  14  via the discharge section  19 . A gate member  24  cooperating with the discharge orifice  22  allows controlling/throttling the gas flow rate to the collecting main  14 . 
     It shall be appreciated that the gate member  24  is designed so as to be movable along the discharge orifice  22 , which allows varying the opening area of the discharge orifice  22 . In the present embodiment the gate member is pivotable about a pivoting axis  26  (perpendicular to the cutting plane of  FIG. 1 ) and presents a generally concave surface profile to the bottom extremity of the discharge pipe  20 . The concave surface profile preferably has a centre of curvature located essentially coaxially with the pivoting axis  26 , whereby the gate member  24  can be pivoted along the discharge orifice  22 . Main operating phases of the present gate member  24  are illustrated in  FIGS. 1 to 3 . At the beginning of the distillation process, where large amounts of gas are to be drawn off, the gate member  24  is in a fully open position (laterally parked) so that it does not obstruct the discharge orifice  22  (see  FIG. 3 ; also note the compactness of this position). As the distillation goes on, the opening area of the discharge orifice  22  is reduced by pivoting the gate member  24  in the clockwise direction in order to obtain the desired flow conditions through the offtake piping (one partially open position is shown in  FIG. 2 ). In  FIG. 1  the gate member  24  is in the closed position and completely obstructs the discharge orifice  22 . 
     In addition, to provide a fine flow control capability, a cut-out  30  is advantageously arranged in the gate member  24  so as to form a variable section opening during a portion of the pivoting stroke of the gate member  24 . This can be better understood from  FIGS. 4-7 , which simply illustrates the gate member  24  and the discharge pipe  20  of the discharge section  19 . 
     As can be seen in  FIG. 6 , in the present embodiment the gate member is designed as a spherical cap. A single cut-out  30  extends inwardly from an edge of the gate member  24  (here the cut-out is arranged in the front or “leading” edge portion seen in the closing direction). The cut-out  30  is dimensioned so that in the closed position of the gate member  24  ( FIG. 1 ), its innermost extremity is located outwardly beyond the discharge orifice  22 . Logically, the cut-out  30  preferably extends substantially perpendicularly to the pivoting axis  26 . In the position of  FIG. 1  the discharge orifice is thus completely closed, because the cut-out  30  is beyond the rim of orifice  22 . 
     As mentioned, the aim of the cut-out is to permit a fine flow control capability towards the end of the distillation phase. In the position of  FIG. 2  where the gate member  24  partially obstructs the discharge orifice, the opening area corresponds to the area defined between the rim of the discharge orifice  22  and the peripheral, leading edge of gate member  24 . As the gate member is further closed (further pivoting in the clockwise direction) the gate member  24  moves to the left along the discharge orifice  22  and covers and increasingly greater proportion of the discharge orifice  22 . Once the foremost point of the leading edge arrives below the rim of the discharge orifice (position indicated F with phantom lines in  FIG. 2 ), the discharge orifice  22  is fully obstructed by the gate member  24 , except at the location of the cut-out  30 . Pivoting the gate member  24  further in the clockwise direction will progressively reduce the opening area (see e.g.  FIG. 7 ) defined by the cut-out  30  and the rim of the discharge orifice until the cut-out passes beyond the rim ( FIG. 1 ). 
     The discharge pipe  20  and gate member  24  thus act as a throttling valve in the present offtake piping system, which has a fine flow control capability that is useful for controlling the pressure and flow towards the end of distillation phase. 
     Any appropriate drive means (not shown) may be used for pivoting the gate member about its axis  26 . Typically the gate member may be supported by one or two arms, whose opposite extremities can be housed in bearings coinciding with the pivoting axis. The actuation mechanism may be designed to permit manual and/or automated actuation. 
     Another advantageous design aspect of the present throttling valve is that due to the spherical inner shape of the gate member  24  and to the location of its pivoting axis  26 , it can be pivoted about the discharge orifice  22  with a constant operating gap between the bottom extremity of tube  20  and the inner cavity of the gate member  24 . Minimizing this operating gap permits limiting gas leakages. Indeed, when desiring to finely control the gas flow rate through the variable section opening formed with the cut-out  30  as in  FIG. 5 , it is preferable to avoid significant gas leakages between the gate member  24  and discharge pipe  20 . The present design thus permits to avoid such leakages. The operating gap may e.g. be of about 1 mm, but is preferably less than one mm. 
     As mentioned above, in the position of  FIG. 1  the gate member  24  completely obstructs the discharge orifice  22 . In addition, the peripheral edge of the gate member  24  extends above the discharge orifice  22 . Hence, in the closed position, process liquid will accumulate in the cavity formed by the gate member and rise to a level above the discharge orifice  22 , thereby forming a hydraulic seal. In such case, the present throttling valve can also sealingly close the communication between the oven chamber and the collecting main  14 , so that no other closing valve is required. 
     In the present embodiment, the discharge section  19  comprises a discharge cage  32  in which the discharge pipe  20  extends. Spray means  34  are arranged so as to spray process fluid on the outer surface of the discharge pipe  20 . It may be noticed that in the configuration of  FIG. 2  where the gate member  24  is in a partially open position, the process fluid will collect in the upper, outer region of the gate member and form a hydraulic seal about the operating gap between the discharge pipe  20  and gate member  24  (as indicated by arrow  23 ). Use of ammonia water e.g., as for spraying nozzle  18 , also permits cleaning of the piping elements. 
     In order to prevent excessive process fluid accumulation in the closed position of the gate member  24  up to the gooseneck  12 , overflow means  35  are advantageously arranged in the upper part of the discharge pipe  20 . As can be understood from  FIG. 1 , liquid rising up to the level of the overflow means  35  will be evacuated through the overflow means  35  and fall in the discharge cage  19 . Under normal operating conditions a certain level of water remains in the overflow means  35 , which avoids gas leakage. 
     The discharge section  19  is connected to the collecting main  14  via an expansion joint realized between the bottom of the cage  32  and a cylindrical connecting portion  36  bearing a U-shaped peripheral rim  38 . The U-shaped rim  38  is filled with tar or like material and thus provides a sealed joint with some expansion capability, as known in the art. Connecting portion  36  has a flanged bottom by means of which it is screwed to the collecting main  14 . 
     Although not required since the present configuration of gate member  24  allows to sealingly close the discharge opening  22 , a conventional pot-valve  40  can be arranged downstream of the gate member  24 . Here the pot-valve  40  cooperates with a frustoconical sleeve  42 . In  FIG. 1  the pot valve  40  is in the closed position: it bears against the bottom of sleeve  42 . In such position, the pot-valve fills up with process falling from above and forms a hydraulic seal, as is well known. In  FIGS. 2 and 3 , pot valve  40  has been pivoted about axis  44  in its open position. 
       FIGS. 8-11  illustrate alternative configurations with a cylindrical gate member  124   a  or  124   b  and square discharge pipe  120 . To provide a liquid collecting cavity, the ends of the cylinder are closed by walls  150 ; this is however not mandatory should a hydraulically sealed gate not be required. Gate member  124   b  ( FIG. 11 ) is provided with a single cut-out  30  of similar shape than gate member  24 , whereas gate member  124   a  bears a set of five cut-outs  130 . As it is clear from the drawings, the opening and flow control principle is the same as for the embodiment of  FIGS. 1 to 7 . 
     It may be noted that in the case of a cylindrical gate member, the pivoting axis of the gate member may be slightly shifted (from one to several mm) from the centre of curvature of the cylinder, so as to obtain a metal to metal contact between gate member  124   a  or  124   b  and the discharge pipe  120  on the side bearing the cut-out(s). These axes may however also be coaxial. 
     The above embodiments provide an offtake piping with improve flow control capapility, permitting a precise control of oven backpressure. The gate member  22  may act as a shutoff and throttling member that offers the possibility of continuously controlling the oven pressure during distillation time, with a fine control function. This flow control capability permits to avoid overpressure during the first phase of the distillation process, by maintaining a negative pressure in the collecting main, whereby emissions from doors, charging holes etc. can be fully reduced. Moreover, a continuous oven pressure control allows avoiding negative relative pressures at the oven bottom during the last phase of distillation when the coke gas flow rate is low. Coke oven pressure control thus permits to achieve both emission reduction (during first phase of distillation) and prevention of air infiltration (during last distillation phase). 
     Turning now to  FIGS. 12 and 13 , they concern an alternative embodiment where the gate member  224  is a full spherical cap (i.e. without cut-out) associated to a circular discharge pipe  20 . 
       FIGS. 14-17  show another embodiment using a truncated spherical cap  324  as gate member: as can be understood from the Figs., the leading edge of the gate member  324  is flat. It corresponds to a cut in a vertical plane when the cap  324  lies on its vertex (see  FIG. 4  e.g.). Compared to the full spherical cap  224 , this design makes it easier to control fine flows (compare  FIGS. 12 and 14 , resp.  13  and  15 ). 
     Finally, a further embodiment of the valve design is illustrated in  FIGS. 18-20 . Here the gate member is a full spherical cap (i.e. without cut-out) and the cut-out  230  for fine flow control is arranged in the discharge pipe  220 . As can be seen, on the closing side of the discharge pipe  220 , the latter has a lip  232  portion extending inwardly and having the same curvature as the gate member  424 . The cut-out  230  is arranged in this lip  232 . Towards the end of the closing stroke of the gate member  424  this cut-out  230  provides a fine flow control capability, until the discharge orifice  222  is fully obstructed. 
     As it will be understood, the person skilled in the art may design the gate member so that its leading edge has a profiled shape (with one or more cut-out or truncated segment), which is formed so as to provide a desired flow characteristic (flow vs stroke position) towards the end of the closing stroke/movement. 
     Still a further embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in  FIGS. 21  and  22 , which essentially varies from the embodiment of  FIG. 1  in that the bottom end of discharge pipe  20  is provided with a plurality of cut-outs  25 . The cut-outs  25  extend inwardly (here axially and upwardly) from the discharge orifice  22 . The gate member  24 , preferably taking the form of a spherical cup, and the cut-outs  25  are configured so that in the closed position of  FIG. 21 , the peripheral borders of the gate member  24  extend upwardly above the upper, closed end of the cut-outs  25 . Hence, when the gate member  24  is completely filled with process liquid having accumulated in its cavity, the liquid level is at a level above the openings formed by the cut-outs  25 , thereby forming a hydraulic seal. 
     It may be noted that this embodiment allows a fine throttling of the gases towards the end of the closing stroke based on the liquid level. Indeed, the liquid level in the gate member  24  and the angular position of the latter to define a throttling area through the cut-outs  25 . For example in  FIG. 22  the level of liquid is indicated  27 ; the top region of the cut-outs  25  is thereby not obstructed by the process liquid and the gas flow is made possible therethrough. The flow area through the cut-outs  25  is thus dependent on the angular position of the gate member  24  and level of liquid therein. In other words, the gas flow rate is set by adjusting the angular position of the gate member so as to control the leak flow of process liquid.