Abstract:
A method and apparatus of utilizing waypoints for a vehicle is provided. A first waypoint relating to a first vehicle position is added to a second waypoint relating to a second vehicle position. The waypoints are saved as a route. Waypoint information relating to the waypoints and route information relating to the route may be manipulated. The method also includes displaying at least a portion of the route on a display screen and indicating a desired direction of vehicle travel from a current vehicle location to one of the waypoints. According to the present invention, the drive may be alerted when the vehicle has come within a particular distance of the waypoint or if the vehicle has veered from the route by a particular distance.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional application Ser. No. 60/325,300 filed on Sep. 27, 2001. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to vehicle navigation systems and, more specifically, to map images appearing on a navigation system video screen of a display device. 
     Vehicle navigation systems typically include a display device with a video display that provides a graphical interface for the user. A main function of the video display is to depict the desired map area and route on which the user&#39;s vehicle is travelling. For convenience to the driver, several navigational modes may be provided. For example, an on-highway guidance mode may be provided in which directional arrows, highlighted routes, and/or voice instructions are given to the driver to guide the driver to a preselected destination. 
     An off-highway navigational mode has been provided to drivers hen traveling off of the road network provided by the storage device or other media. Once the vehicle is driven to a location without any nearby roads or other reference points it becomes more difficult to convey directions to the driver on how to get to the next destination. To this end, waypoints have been used, which represent a location such as latitude and longitude. The waypoints may be linked together to form a route by which the navigation system may direct the driver to follow. However, even with the use of waypoints and defined routes, providing direction to the driver may result in driver confusion. Therefore, what is needed is a navigation system that clearly conveys directions to a waypoint. 
     Depending upon the route, directing a driver from one waypoint directly to the next may be an inefficient manner in which to travel along a route. For example, a route which has sharp turn from one waypoint to the next will require the driver to arrive at the waypoint and then turn around and travel in a similar direction to reach the next waypoint. Therefore, what is needed is a navigation system that more efficiently guides a driver along a route. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION AND ADVANTAGES 
     The present invention provides a method of utilizing waypoints for a vehicle including the steps of adding a first waypoint relating to a first vehicle position and adding a second waypoint relating to a second vehicle position. The waypoints are saved as a route. Waypoint information relating to the waypoints and route information relating to the route may be manipulated. The method also includes displaying at least a portion of the route on a display screen and indicating a desired direction of vehicle travel from a current vehicle location to one of the waypoints. According to the present invention, the driver may be alerted when the vehicle has come within a particular distance of the waypoint or if the vehicle has veered from the route by a particular distance. 
     The present invention also includes an apparatus for a navigation system for providing waypoints. At least one position determining device provides a vehicle location signal. A database having a map includes a waypoint. A processor is interconnected to at least one positioning device and the database for determining the location of the vehicle relative to the map. A video display is connected to the processor for displaying a directional screen. A directional indicator indicates a desired direction of vehicle travel from the location of the vehicle to the waypoint with the processor displaying the indicator on the video display. 
     Accordingly, the above invention provides a navigation system that more efficiently guides a driver along a route. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Other advantages of the present invention can be understood by reference to the following detailed description when considered in connection with the accompanying drawings wherein: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the vehicle navigation system of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a front elevational view of the vehicle navigation system display unit having a video display; 
     FIG. 3 is a video display of the display unit depicting a configuration options menu; 
     FIG. 4 is a video display of the display unit depicting an off-road selection menu; 
     FIG. 5 is a video display of the display unit depicting marking a waypoint by the use of a cursor; 
     FIG. 6 is a video display of the display unit depicting a waypoint entry screen; 
     FIG. 7 is a video display of the display unit depicting a map area with waypoints; 
     FIG. 8 is a video display of the display unit depicting a first directional screen; 
     FIG. 9 is a video display of the display unit depicting a second directional screen; 
     FIG. 10 is a video display of the display unit depicting a third directional screen similar to the first directional screen; 
     FIG. 11 is a video display of the display unit depicting another second directional screen; 
     FIG. 12 is a video display of the display unit depicting a waypoint selection menu; 
     FIG. 13 is a video display of the display unit depicting an off-road options menu; 
     FIG. 14 is a video display of the display unit depicting an advanced off-road options menu; 
     FIG. 15 is a schematic representation of the laterally parallel waypoint proximity option; and 
     FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of the radial waypoint proximity option. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     The navigation system  20  of the present invention is shown schematically in FIG.  1 . The navigation system  20  includes a unit  30  having a CPU  22  (Central Processing Unit) connected to a display device  24  and a directional input device  26  attached to the vehicle interior by a bracket  27 , or the like. The navigation system  20  further includes a database  28  connected to the CPU  22 . The database  28  is a mass media storage device, such as a CD-ROM, hard drive, DVD, RAM, ROM or the like which includes a map of the road system in the area to be traveled by the user. Each road in the database is divided into road segments, each having an associated set of cost values, which indicate the “cost” of traveling that road segment. For example, the cost values may include the length of the road segment, the estimated time to travel the road segment, and the type of road (i.e., highway, secondary road, toll road, one way, etc.). The road segment may be part of the vehicle route or may be a road segment outside the vehicle route. 
     The navigation system  20  can, but need not, be installed in a vehicle  21 . The navigation system can be used in conjunction with position determining devices, such as a GPS receiver  38  and a multi-axis accelerometer  40 . Navigation system  20  could alternatively or additionally include a gyroscope  42 , a compass  44 , and a wheel speed sensor  46 , all connected to the CPU  32  (connections not shown for simplicity). Preferably, a combination of these position determining devices is utilized to assure accurate location. 
     The display device  22  may include a speaker  29 . FIG. 2 is a perspective view of one disclosed embodiment of the display device  24  and directional input device  26 , preferably designed as an integral unit attached to the CPU by connection  25 . The display device  24  includes a video display  50 , or screen, such as a high resolution LCD or flat panel display. The directional input device  26  includes a multiple of input buttons  78  including preferably, an eight-way button shown generally at  80  and a selection key  86  such as an “Enter” key. Although an eight-way button is shown, it will be realized that other input devices, such as a joystick, mouse or roller ball can be employed. The eight-way button  80  is capable of moving in the direction of any one of the directional arrows  84 . Movement of the button  80  in the direction of one of the directional arrows  84  transmits a directional signal. 
     In on-road guidance mode, the vehicle route  52  is highlighted in a bright color, such as magenta, and arrows  54  overlay the route for easy identification by the user. On-road guidance mode is typically used when the user selects a particular destination. The navigation system then selects and highlights the route  52  based upon certain user selected parameters, such as shortest distance or shortest time. In on-road mode, the user has selected no particular destination. In this mode more detail may be desired than in on-road guidance mode because the user has not necessarily decided upon a particular route. In off-road mode, the navigation system has determined that the vehicle is no longer on any known road and that the vehicle is traveling off the road. To navigate, the driver may set waypoints that represent a precise location on a map. Waypoints may be linked to one another to form a complex route by which the driver may navigate from one destination to the next. Furthermore, waypoints may be used to represent such locations as telephone polls. This information may be used by utility companies to set a route from a location on-road to the location of the telephone poll off-road. Of course good waypoints may be applied to other such similar applications. 
     FIG. 3 is a video display of the display unit depicting a configuration options menu  64 . From this menu, the user may select an “Off-Road Navigation” menu by which the user may manipulate waypoint and route information. FIG. 4 depicts an off-road selection menu  66  having menu selection options “Mark by Position”, “Select Route/Waypoint”, “Next Waypoint”, and “Reverse Route ”Using the “Mark by Position” option, a map location may be saved as a waypoint by utilizing a cursor  68 , as shown in FIG.  5 . The user may pan, or move, the cursor  68  in a map area  69  to a desired location, which may be other than the present vehicle location (indicated by the vehicle icon  70 ). The latitude  72  and longitude  73  of the cursor  68  is displayed to the user. The distance of the cursor  68  to the vehicle  70  is indicated above the cursor  68  at  75 . The waypoint may be saved be pressing the “Enter” key  86 , after which a waypoint entry screen  74 , shown in FIG. 6, will be displayed prompting the user to enter information regarding the waypoint. Regardless of the mode of entry of a new waypoint, the user is prompted to enter descriptive information about the waypoint. As seen in FIG. 6, the latitude and longitude of the waypoint is displayed. A default label  77  of “Way001” is displayed unless the user enters a new 6-character alphanumeric description of the waypoint in the label field  77 . A default label of “Way002”, and so on, would be displayed for subsequent waypoints. The waypoint is represented by an icon in the map area once the waypoint has been saved. One default icon that may be used is a flag  90 . The default icon may be changed and selected from a group of icons to more meaningfully correspond the waypoint to the user. 
     FIG. 7 depicts a map area with first  92  and second  94  waypoints in a map area  69 . The waypoints  92  and  94  define a route depicted by path  96 , which is a straight line between the waypoints  92  and  94 . The direction and distance from the vehicle  70  to the next waypoint, which is first waypoint  92 , is indicated at  97  and  98 , respectively. The next waypoint, first waypoint  92 , is highlighted to stand out to the user. An option “More”  99  may be temporarily displayed to the user, to enable the user to readily manipulation waypoint and route information. As a simplified alternative to the map area  69  shown in FIG. 7, a first directional screen  100  may be used, as shown in FIG. 8. A simple horizon  102  is displayed with a three dimensional directional arrow  104  pointing the direction to next waypoint. The next waypoint, or waypoint to which the vehicle is traveling, is indicated at  103 . 
     The first directional screen  100  may include a lane indicia  106  to further assist the user in navigating to the next waypoint. A pointer  107  pointing at the center  108  of the lane indicia  106  corresponds to the vehicle following the route path. The ends  109  of the lane indicia  106  correspond to a user selected offset from the path. For example, the ends  109  may correspond to an offset of 500 feet from the path. Total time remaining and total remaining distance of the route may also be displayed. As long as the pointer  107  is on center  108 , the user is driving the vehicle along the path. As the vehicle wanders from the path, the pointer  107  will move along the lane indicia  106  to provide the user feed back of the degree to which the vehicle has strayed from the path. 
     A second direction screen  110  is shown in FIG. 9 in off-road guidance mode. A highlighted path  112  from the vehicle  70  to a waypoint (not shown) is displayed in the map area  69 . A two dimensional arrow  114  is overlaid on the path  112 . When the user selects a third directional screen  116 , shown in FIG. 10, the two dimensional arrow  114  is converted to a three dimensional arrow  118  on the simple horizon similar to the first directional screen  100  shown in FIG.  8 . If the vehicle  70  varies from the path  112  when in off-road mode, a new path  120  will be displayed from the present vehicle location to the next waypoint (not shown). The new path  120  may be a highlighted dashed line. 
     Waypoint and route information may be further manipulated by selecting “Select Route/Waypoints” from the off-road selection menu  66 . FIG. 12 depicts a waypoint selection menu  122  having “All Routes”, “Waypoints by Name”, “Waypoints by Distance”, and “Waypoints by Time” options. “All Routes” displays all of the routes alphabetically when selected. Similarly, “Waypoints by Name” displays all of the waypoints alphabetically. “Waypoints by Distance” displays all of the waypoints in order of closest to the present vehicle location to farthest from the present vehicle location. “Waypoints by Time” displays the waypoints in order of time of creation. In this manner, the waypoint and route information may be manipulated quickly in several different ways. 
     More advanced information relating the waypoints and routes may be manipulated using an off-road options menu  124 , shown in FIG.  13 . Routes and waypoints may be deleted using the “Clear” option. The offset from a path may be set by the user, as described above, using the “Advanced . . . ” option under the off-road options menu  124 , which will display the advanced off-road options menu  126 , shown in FIG.  14 . The offset from the path may set by the user by selecting the “XTE Alarm” option. As shown in FIG. 14, the offset is set at 0.2 miles. The offset sets the ends  109  of the lane indicia  106 . An audible alarm through speaker  26  may be used when the vehicle reaches one of the offsets from the path. The lane indicia  106  and how it relates with the waypoints  92 ,  94  and path  96  is graphically illustrated in FIG.  15 . Each of the ends  109  correspond to an offset  130 , which is shown as dashed lines parallel to the path  96 . Preferably, the dashed lines are not displayed, but are only used to illustrate the operation of the offset. When the vehicle  70  reaches one of the offsets  130 , the arrow  107  will point at one of the ends  109  corresponding to the side of the offset, shown by dashed arrows  132 . An audible alarm may sound, or voice instructions may be activated, indicating to the driver that the vehicle has veered off the path by the selected offset distance. 
     An waypoint arrival option may also be set using the “Arrival Alarm” option under the advanced off-road menu  126 . FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of a radial waypoint proximity option. The radial waypoint proximity option may be used to simplify navigation along the route by directing the user to travel to the next waypoint once the vehicle is sufficiently proximate to the target waypoint. The route contains a path  96   a  from a first waypoint (not shown) to a second waypoint  94  and a path  96   b  from the second waypoint  94  to a third waypoint  134 . The arrival alarm may be set to any radial distance, such as 250 feet indicated at  136  and 500 feet indicated at  138 . Of course metric distances may be used. The dashed lines corresponding to the radial distance preferably is not displayed. If the radial distance is set to 500 feet, when the vehicle  70  reaches the radius  138 , the user will be directed to travel to the third waypoint  134  and a new path  140  will be generated. In this manner, the user may more efficiently travel along the route instead of needlessly traveling directing to each waypoint, which may add a significant distance to the distance traveled. An audible alarm, or voice instructions may be activated when the vehicle reaches the radial distance. For example, the voice instructions may direct the vehicle operator to “proceed 30 degrees left”. 
     The invention has been described in an illustrative manner, and it is to be understood that the terminology that has been used is intended to be in the nature of words of description rather than of limitation. Obviously, many modifications and variations of the present invention are possible in light of the above teachings. It is, therefore, to be understood that within the scope of the appended claims the invention may be practiced otherwise than as specifically described.