Abstract:
The present invention relates to multilayer film which is heat sealable over a broad temperature range. It is desirable to have a broad sealing temperature range to increase the production of packaging machines. The present invention also relates to multilayer film which provides easy opening and hermetic seals to packages. The film is made up of a core layer comprising linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and at least one skin layer having a melting point of at least 10° C. below the core layer melting point.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a multilayer film which is heat sealable over a broad temperature range. It is desirable to have a broad sealing temperature range to increase the production of packaging machines. The present invention also relates to a multilayer film which provides easy opening and hermetic seals to packages. 
     Packaging technology has over the years required the development of many disciplines. Currently packaging technologists integrate elements of engineering, chemistry, food science, metallurgy, and other technologies in order to provide the consumer fresh, healthy dry or liquid. food product. In those cases where packages are prepared from multilayer film, it is desirable to be able to provide a hermetic seal, i.e., a seal which does not permit passage of gas, such as air. 
     Oriented polypropylene films with thin sealable surface layers of ethylene-propylene copolymers or ethylene-propylene-butene-1 terpolymers have been used in packaging operations. However, these films have not yielded hermetic seals on bags made with the films on packaging machines operated at standard conditions. Hermetic seals are required when leak free packaging is important. 
     Additionally it is also desirable to provide seals which can be readily opened by the consumer without creating a ‘z-direction’ tear. A z-direction tear is one which cause the disruption of the integrity of the multilayer film when the film is pulled apart at the seal. A z-direction tear is one which does not simply separate at the line at which the seal is formed. Instead, the separation extends to layers of the film when ripped along the layers thereof and not simply delaminated one from another. As a result of z-direction tears, it is difficult to reclose such packages to maintain freshness of the contents. When z-direction tears can be eliminated, packages are easily refolded and sealed by a mechanical means such as a clip 
     Accordingly it is the object of the present invention to provide a film which yields hermetic seals over a broad temperature range and provides easy opening on bags. 
     It is a further object of the present invention to provide easy opening with directional tear. 
     It is still a further object to provide re-sealable packaging with a zipper attachment. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention a multilayer film is provided which is hermetically sealable over a broad temperature range. The film comprises a core layer comprising linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and at least one skin layer having a melting point of at least 10° C. below the core layer melting point. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Hermetic seals as used herein means both peelable and unpeelable seals which provide hermetic barrier properties, i.e., does not premit passage of a gas such as air. 
     Multi-layer film as used herein means a film having more than one layer of material which forms the final product. Generally, the multilayer film of the present invention is a three or five layer structure. 
     The core layer comprises conventional (Ziegler Natta-type) LLDPE or a blend of from about 70 to about 99 wt. % conventional LLDPE and from about 1 to about 30 wt. % metallocene produced LLDPE (mLLDPE) having a density in the range of from about 0.91 to about 0.95 g/cm 3 . 
     The skin layer(s) comprise a polymer having a melting point of at least 10° C. below the core layer melting point having a density in the range of from about 0.86 to about 0.97 g/cm 3 . Suitable polymers include polyethylene, ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer (C 3 -C 20 ), metallocene catalyzed polyethylene (mPE) having a density in the range of 0.86 to about 0.902 g/cm 3 , metallocene catalyzed ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer (C 3 -C 20 ), ethylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-butene-1 terpolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer, ethylene-methyl acrylic acid compolymer, or a mixture thereof. 
     The films employed in the present invention are biaxially oriented. The typical range of orientation is from 1.5 to 8 times, generally 1.5 to 5 times, in the machine direction and 2 to 10 times, generally 3 to 6 times, in the transverse direction. The film thickness can range from about 0.5 mil to about 5.0 mil. It is preferred that the film is coextruded and oriented through the tenter process. 
     Coextruded biaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP) film orientation requires machine direction orientation (MDO) roll temperatures above 220° F. (104° C.) for stretching. Therefore low minimum seal temperature (MST) sealants cannot be coextruded due to sealant sticking on the MDO rolls. However, oextruded biaxially oriented LLDPE film can use low MST sealants, such as EVA copolymer and metallocene polyethylene, for MD orientation without sticking problems on the MDO rolls. 
     The biaxially oriented LLDPE film with low MST sealant can be laminated with BOPP for flexible packaging applications to make low temperature seal and/or increase the packaging speed. 
     Metallized films are also contemplated. Usually the corona or flame treated film surface is metallized by vacuum deposition of aluminum. 
     In order to provide a high barrier film with hermetic seals several factors must be considered. It is important to provide a sealing capability at as low a temperature as possible in order to retain among other things stereo regularity imposed during orientation, little or no film shrinkage, retention of film and/or chemical additive properties and highly consistent quality sealing capabilities. 
     An extrusion processing additive may be added to the core layer to improve extrusion processability, i.e. to reduce the extrusion melt pressure. The extrusion processing aid is in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 20 wt. %, preferably in the range of from about 5 to about 10 wt. %. Suitable extrusion processing aids include ethylene-propylene copolymer, butylene-propylene copolymer, ethylene-propylene-butene-1 terpolymer, polybutylene and polydimethylsiloxane, or a mixture thereof. 
     The multilayer films of the present invention may be used in packaging having a zipper closure. U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,152,613; 5,020,194; and 5,007,143, incorporated herein by reference, describe the use of zippers for thermoplastic bags. 
     Machine direction (MD) unidirectional tear provides easy opening along the tear direction by hand for hermetic seal packaging. The unidirectional tear prevents z-direction tear, which destroys the bag during opening. A reclosable zipper is fastened on the biaxially oriented multilayer films of the present invention during packaging. The reclosable zipper is located inside the bag below the top seal zone or above the bottom seal zone and is in parallel to the top or bottom seal direction. When the bag is opened, the seal zone above the zipper is torn unidirectionally by hand in the bag. The bag can then be resealed with the zipper. Unoriented LLDPE films, such as cast LLDPE or blown LLDPE, do not have unidirectional tear and require a knife or scissors to cut the bag in order to use a recloslable zipper. 
     The biaxially oriented multilayer films of the present invention may be used in laminate form having an outer web to enhance barrier properties and machinability. The outer web may include paper and mono- and/or multilayer films, including metallized films. Suitable films include oriented polypropylene, ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene chloride, polyacrylonitrile copolymer, fluoropolymer, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polyethylene, polyethylene naphthalate, polyester, polycarbonate, or a mixture thereof. 
     The following examples illustrate the present invention. The following films in Examples 1 to 7 are laminated with a commercial BOPP film and adhesive (MORTON333 adhesive sold by MORTON CHEMICAL). The films are run through a HAYSSEN Vertical Form Fill and Seal packaging machine. Excellent seal ranges are observed as shown in Table 1 below. The packaging speed is 55 packages per minute. The bag size is 5¼ inches by 14 inches. The crimp seal temperature and fin seal temperature are shown in Table 1 below. 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to a commercial biaxially oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 120SPW-L). The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is conventional LLDPE having a density of 0.917 (Exxon LL3001), the A skin layer is an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer with 18% vinyl acetate having a density of 0.94 (DUPONT ELVAX3170SHB) and the C skin layer is an EP-copolymer with 6% ethylene with 2000 ppm silicone sphere and 1000 ppm Siloblock S45 (FINA EOD94-21-12SB). The total film thickness is 110 gauge (27.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The C skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 8 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is conventional LLDPE (ExxonLL3001), the A skin layer is an EVA copolymer with 18% vinyl acetate (DUPONT ELVAX3170SHB) and the C skin layer is an EP-copolymer with 6.5% C 2  (FINA EOD94-21-12SB). The total film thickness is 110 gauge (27.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The C skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 3 times in the MD and 8 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is conventional LLDPE (ExxonLL3001), the A skin layer is an EVA copolymer with 18% vinyl acetate (DUPONT ELVAX3170SHB) and the C skin layer is an EP-copolymer with 6.5% C 2  (FINA EOD94-21-12SB). The total film thickness is 110 gauge (27.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The C skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 2 times in the MD and 8 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 4 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is conventional LLDPE (ExxonLL3001), the A skin layer is an EVA copolymer with 18% vinyl acetate (DUPONT ELVAX3170SHB) and the C skin layer is an EP-copolymer with 6.5% C 2  (FINA EOD94-21-12SB). The total film thickness is 110 gauge (27.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The C skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 1.5 times in the MD and 8 times in the ID. 
     EXAMPLE 5 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is conventional LLDPE (ExxonLL3001), the A skin layer is an EVA copolymer with 18% vinyl acetate (DUPONT ELVAX3170SHB) and the C skin layer is an EP-copolymer with 6.5% C 2  (FINA EOD94-21-12SB). The total film thickness is 110 gauge (27.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The C skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 7 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 6 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to biaxially oriented polypropylene film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is conventional LLDPE (ExxonLL3001), the A and C skin layers are metallocene catalyzed ethylene-octene copolymer with density 0.909 (DOW AFFINITY PL1840). The total film thickness is 95 gauge (23.75 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The C skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 7 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a commercial biaxially oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 90SPW-L) laminated with adhesive to a commercial biaxially oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product BSR). 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Crimp Seal 
                 Fin Seal 
               
               
                 Example No. 
                 Temperature Range 
                 Temperature Range 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 1 
                 140° F. 
                 100° F. 
               
               
                 2 
                 140° F. 
                 100° F. 
               
               
                 3 
                 140° F. 
                 100° F. 
               
               
                 4 
                 140° F. 
                 100° F. 
               
               
                 5 
                 140° F. 
                  90° F. 
               
               
                 6 
                  90° F. 
                  90° F. 
               
               
                 7 
                  80° F. 
                  70° F. 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     In Examples 8-20, biaxially oriented LLDPE (BO-LLDPE) films are laminated with heat resistant outer webs and evaluated through three packaging machines. The packaging machines used for evaluation are VFF&amp;S (HAYSSEN), HFF&amp;S (DOBOY) and HFF&amp;S Pouch (BARTELT). Hermetic seals are observed using the underwater vacuum method at 10 inches mercury vacuum. 
     EXAMPLE 8 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with polyethylene to a 38 gauge (9.5 μm) polyester film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 ,(DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 100 gauge (25μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 9 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to a 38 gauge (9.5 μm) polyester film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 100 gauge (25 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 10 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with polyethylene to a 38 gauge (9.5 μm) polyester film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 90 (22.5 μm) gauge and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 11 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to a 38 gauge (9.5 μm) polyester film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm, TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 90 gauge (22.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 12 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with polyethylene to a 38 gauge (9.5 μm) polyester film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and, the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S545 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 80 gauge (20 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 13 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to a 38 gauge (9.5 μm) polyester film. The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.929/cm 3  (DOW 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of (DOW 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 80 gauge (20 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     The BO-LLDPE films of Examples 8-13 are evaluated using a DOBOY at a speed of 86 fpm resulting in a broad hermetic seal window as shown below in Table 2. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 Crimp Seal 
               
               
                   
                 Laminate Structure 
                 Temperature Range 
               
               
                   
                 Example No 
                 (Hermetic Seal) 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 Example 9 
                 310° F. to 420° F. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 10 
                 340° F. to 420° F. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 11 
                 300° F. to 420° F. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 12 
                 340° F. to 420° F. 
               
               
                   
                 Example 13 
                 300° F. to 420° F. 
               
               
                   
                 Packaging Speed: 86 fpm 
               
               
                   
                 Bag Length: 6″ 
               
               
                   
                 Fin Wheel: 350 F 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     The BO-LLDPE films of Examples 8-13 are also laminated to an oriented polypropylene film product (Mobil 70 SPW-L) and evaluated using a HAYSSEN at a speed of 55 ppm resulting in broad hermetic seal windows as shown below in Tables 3-8. 
     EXAMPLE 14 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with polyethylene to an oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 70 SPW-L). The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 100 gauge (25 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 15 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to an oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 70 SPW-L). The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 100 gauge (25 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 16 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with polyethylene to an oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 70 SPW-L). The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 90 gauge (22.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 17 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to an oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 70 SPW-L). The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm Siloblock S45 and 2000 ppm Kem-E. The total film thickness is 90 gauge (22.5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 18 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with polyethylene to an oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 70 SPW-L). The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOWLEX 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 80 gauge (20 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     EXAMPLE 19 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 3 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with adhesive to an oriented polypropylene film (Mobil product 70 SPW-L). The 3 layer film is of the structure A/B/C, in which the B core layer of the film is a blend of LLDPE having a density of (DOW 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 95:5, the A skin layer is a blend of LLDPE having a density of 0.92 (DOW 2045A) and EP copolymer in a ratio of 80:20, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (EXACT 3131) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The total film thickness is 80 gauge(20 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The A skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. 
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crimp Seal Temperature 
               
               
                 Example 14 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crimp Seal Temperature 
               
               
                 Example 15 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crimp Seal Temperature 
               
               
                 Example 16 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crimp Seal Temperature 
               
               
                 Example 17 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 7 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crimp Seal Temperature 
               
               
                 Example 18 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 8 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crimp Seal Temperature 
               
               
                 Example 19 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 
                   
                             
                     
                         
                         
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     EXAMPLE 20 
     In this example a laminated film structure is prepared from a 5 layer coextruded biaxially oriented film laminated with polyethylene to a 48 gauge (12 μm) polyester film. The 5 layer film is of the structure A/D/B/E/C, in which the B core layer is LLDPE (DOW 2045A), the A skin layer is metallocene PE (AFFINITY 1845) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E, and the C skin layer is metallocene PE (AFFINITY 1845) with 2000 ppm TOSPEARL, 1000 ppm SILOBLOCK S45 and 2000 ppm KEM-E. The D and E intermediate layers are a blend of (LL3002) and metallocene PE (AFFINITY 1845) in a ratio of 70:30. The total film thickness is 200 gauge (50 μm), each intermediate layer is 20 gauge (5 μm) and each skin layer is 5 gauge (1.25 μm). The C skin layer is corona treated. The film is oriented 4 times in the MD and 6 times in the TD. Good seal integrity is observed using the Bartelt at a packaging speed of 70 ppm as shown below in Table 9. 
     
       
         
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 9 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 Side Seal 
                 Bottom Seal 
                 Seal Performance 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
                 210° F. 
                 230° F. 
                 Light Tack Seal; Good Cuttability 
               
               
                   
                 220° F. 
                 230° F. 
                 Peelable Seal; Good Cuttability 
               
               
                   
                 230° F. 
                 230° F. 
                 Fusion Seal; Good Cuttability 
               
               
                   
                 250° F. 
                 230° F. 
                 Fusion Seal; Good Cuttability 
               
               
                   
                 290° F. 
                 230° F. 
                 Fusion Seal; Good Cuttability 
               
               
                   
                 300° F. 
                 230° F. 
                 Fusion Seal; Good Cuttability 
               
               
                   
                 300° F. 
                 250° F. 
                 Fusion Seal; Fair Cuttability 
               
               
                   
                 310° F. 
                 250° F. 
                 Fusion Seal; Poor Cutting 
               
               
                   
                 330° F. 
                 250° F. 
                 Fusion Seal; Poor Cutting