Abstract:
An improved retroreflective structure designed to be associated to a roadway pavement principally for improving nighttime visibility of traffing regulating signs and areas, formed from selectively dividing a primary calandered and printed material, the structure including interconnected and cooperating retroreflectore arranged for defining said signs and areas.

Description:
This is a continuation of application Ser. No. 6,503, filed Jan. 25, 1979, now abandoned. 
    
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The prior art has been described in a wide patent literature a great part of which has been provided by the present applicant as briefly follows. This art is a well worked one and it is concerned with providing a roadway surface with traffic regulating signs, the most of which forms traffic lane dividing lines, roadable areas delimitating lines and other marks. Such sign can be formed on or applied to the road pavement in a variety of manners. For example, the marking can be painted on the pavement surface, or by applying thereto various means. 
     A manner of interest comprises laying on and securing to the roadway pavement a strip or tape of prefabricated material. This material advantageously preferably has reflective elements secured thereto for improving nighttime visibility and/or coarse surface forming granular or microgranular mineral substances, such as sand or crystalline particles, quartz, curundum or other for anti-skid property of the marked areas. 
     Another manner of interest comprises laying reflective elements for improving nighttime visibility on a painted pavement. 
     Among the closest prior art reference is herein made to the U.S. Pat. No. 4,108,536 where elongated retroreflective elements have been set forth, to the U.S. Pat. No. 4,072,403 wherein an advantageous vertically asymmetrical reflective element has been detailedly described, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,069,281 where a manner for providing a preliminarily prepared roadway pavement with retroreflective elements of the above character has been illustrated. In the various Figures of the latter reference there is indicated that and how said retroreflective elements are spacedly arranged on the road surface, and in the U.S. Pat. No. 4,072,403 above (FIG. 5 and following) an advantageous manner for forming and making retroreflective such elements has been set forth. 
     All above U.S. patents to the present applicant can be assumed to be incorporated in this disclosure and therefore other comment and further analysis of the prior is considered to be unnecessary. 
     THE OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     According to the present invention a plurality of retroreflective elements are formed basically by calendering a sheet of thermoformable material (see FIGS. 1 and 4 of U.S. Pat. No. 4,072,403) and by processing the thus elaborated sheet as issued from the counterrotating calandering rollers, as also shown in and described with reference with FIGS. 7 to 10 of same patent publication. 
     These elaborated and processed preferably but not critically provided as above are then selectively subdivided by breaking the thin sheet (14 or 14&#39;, FIGS. 5 and 7 to 10 of the above patent) for providing units or groups adapted to be secured to the suitably prepared roadway surface or to the prefabricated tape material to be applied thereto. 
     According to another object of the invention, pluralities of elements are such prepared to have elongated such as elliptical configurations in plan view, that is in the plane wherein said elements are to be laid for service on the road. 
     According to a further object of the invention the elements are formed in the calendered sheet in a quincunx arrangement, and then selectively subdivided to form elongated strips the width of which comprises preferably two or more elemental retroreflective particles. Plural strips thus obtained have been proved to provide a surprising retroreflection even when largedly spaced on the road because the said arrangement provides an uninterrupted line of active reflection. 
     These and other objects, advantages and features of the invention and the advantages and features thereof will be apparent from the following detailed description of some not limitative embodiments of same invention, taken together with the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     THE VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective, fragmentary and diagrammatical view of the manner of forming by calendering an elaborated sheet of material adapted for selective subdivision; 
     FIG. 2 and 2A similarly illustrate how single strips including each a plurality of elements may be formed from the elaborated calendered sheet material; 
     FIGS. 3, 3A and 3B are somewhat modified embodiments; 
     FIGS. 4, 4A and 4B illustrate an arrangement of elements calandered into a sheet according to a square relationship; and 
     FIGS. 5 and 5A illustrate how from a sheet elaborated according a quincunx arrangement an advantageous strip having a minimal of material and a maximal retroreflective efficiency can be produced. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     Upon having taken into account the relevant above referred to prior art, this invention can be described in brief. Further, in the following description reference alphanumeric symbols corresponding to those made use of my U.S. Pat. No. 4,072,403 will be made use of for facilitating the comparison with prior art, where possible. 
     An elaborated sheet S&#39; is calendered between couter-rotating calendering rolls 10&#39; and 12&#39; inpressed at the elaborated faces 10b and 12b so that the sheet includes a multiplicity of &#34;prints&#34; interconnected by a brittle thin planar sheet (upon cooling). This thin sheet defines parts where the material can be broken into pieces. 
     The breaking can be selected at will. For example, strips S&#34; (FIGS. 2A and 3A). Strips S&#34; can be obtained from said sheet. Such strips can be subdivided into individual elements E (FIG. 3B). 
     Of course, the breaking of the material can be made at random and it may be grossily ground or milled such as in a revolving tumbling barrel or tumbler, or similar roller, until pieces each one of which forms one element can be obtained. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates a &#34;square&#34; arrangement of the &#34;prints&#34; formed on the sheet. For example round &#34;prints&#34; are arranged into alignments at right angles to each other. Multiple say twin strips (FIG. 4A) can be selectively broken off the material, or single strips (FIG. 4B). 
     A substantial saving of waste material can be obtained, as known by those skilled in the general art, by taking advantage of a quincunx arrangement (FIG. 5) where the alignments intercross at regular angles different from 90 degrees, such in the alignments indicated at I--I, II--II and III--III. 
     The prints can be elongated in plan view, so that elements which are both asymmetrical in vertical planes (see my U.S. Pat. No. 4,072,403) and in plan view are made. The calendered and brittle sheet also are broken into elements at will. FIG. 5A illustrates a very advantageous strip wherein pairs of columned elements along directions I&#39;--I&#39; and I&#34;--I&#34; intersect in pairs along lines IV--IV and V--V. 
     This arrangement has been proved of unexpected retroreflectiveness, because an impinging light beam in direction Li impinges on the tops of all elementary shapes and the length (at right angle with Li) of the strip is completely effective. Strips such as shown in FIG. 5A in the direction at right angle with the prevailing impinging rays or light, namely transversely to the roadway provide an exceptional reflection even if largely spaced. 
     The alignments IV--IV and V--V indicate the scaling of associated columns I&#39;--I&#39; and I&#34;--I&#34;. 
     It will be understood that each of the elements described above, or two or more together, may also find a useful application in other types of constructions differing from the types described above. 
     While the invention has been illustrated and described as embodied in a retroreflective roadway surface and method of manufacturing the same, it is not intended to be limited to the details shown, since various modifications and structural changes may be made without departing in any way from the spirit of the present invention. 
     Without further analysis, the foregoing will so fully reveal the gist of the present invention that others can, by applying current knowledge, readily adapt it for various applications without omitting features that, from the standpoint of prior art, fairly constitute essential characteristics of the generic or specific aspects of this invention.