Abstract:
The present invention relates to novel stable aqueous suspension concentrate or aqueous flowable compositions of the low-melting dinitroaniline pesticide, pendimethalin, in combination with secondary herbicide(s) melting at temperatures greater than 70° C. or herbicides which are water soluble. Uniquely, pendimethalin may be present in the compositions of the invention in a ratio of orange crystal form to yellow crystal form of 4:96, up to totally orange crystal form. Additionally are provided methods for preparing the compositions containing pendimethalin alone or in combination with the secondary herbicides.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Related U.S. Application Data 
     This application is a continuation-in-part of copending application Ser. No. 08/173,809, filed Dec. 27, 1993, which is a continuation-in-part of two applications, (1) Ser. No. 07/395,925, filed Aug. 18, 1989, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,283,231, which is a division of application Ser. No. 07/045,458, filed May 7, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,875,929, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/867,107, filed May 23, 1986, abandoned and (2) Ser. No. 07/385,028, filed Jul. 25, 1989, abandoned, which is a division of application Ser. No. 7/045,457, filed May 7, 1987, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,871,392, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 06/867,106, filed May 23, 1986, abandoned. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART 
     Suspension concentrate pesticidal compositions or aqueous flowable compositions are concentrated suspensions of water-insoluble pesticides and mixtures of pesticides in an aqueous system. The present invention relates to stable pendimethalin compositions. 
     These aqueous compositions frequently contain about 10% to 80%, by weight, of a solid pesticide or mixture of solid pesticides, thereby providing a method for handling those pesticides which are relatively water insoluble in an aqueous medium. Since these types of compositions have the desirable characteristics of a thick liquid, they may be poured or pumped. Thus, some of the problems, like dusting that is possible in solid compositions of wettable powders and granulars, are avoided. Further, these aqueous-based concentrates also have the added advantage of not requiring the use of organic solvents, often present in emulsifiable concentrates. 
     For these reasons, it is desirable to formulate pesticides into suspension concentrates or aqueous flowables. However, such formulations have their own problems such as gelling, caking and settling, as well as problems because of the physical and chemical characteristics of the pesticide or mixture of pesticides. For instance, the dinitroaniline, pendimethalin, is somewhat difficult to formulate and several references have tried to address these formulation problems. 
     The problems associated with the development of suspension concentrate compositions containing low melting active ingredients, alone or in combination with higher melting active ingredients, are described in German Patent Application DE 3302648 A1. German patent Application DE 3302648 Al tries to deal with the problems of an aqueous mixed dispersion of a low melting active ingredient in a solvent of phthalic acid C 1  -C 12  alkyl esters in combination with an aqueous suspension concentrate containing one or more active ingredients as an alternative to a suspension concentrate containing low melting active ingredients, such as pendimethalin, [N-(1-ethylpropyl)-2,6-dinitro-3,4-xylidine]. The reason for the alternative approach of that application is the inability to prepare stable suspension concentrates by various techniques, including those of European Patent Application 0 33291 2. That EPO application describes insecticidal suspension concentrate compositions of phosalone and adjuvants which may be prepared with molten insecticide. These references do not address ways helpful to the development of pendimethalin compositions which utilize the orange crystal form to produce a stable and evenly efficacious product. 
     Pendimethalin is difficult to formulate not only in a suspension concentrate, but in other forms, as well for several reasons. One is that polymorphic crystals of pendimethalin exist, orange macrocrystals and yellow microcrystals, with the orange form being dominant. 
     Not only does pendimethalin exist in two crystal forms, but further crystallization occurs when pendimethalin is finally formulated. These formulations often exhibit stability problems related to rapid crystal formation of final product. Very large, elongated orange crystals (about 3,000 microns in length) are formed in final formulations which result in instability, difficulty in processing and unreliability in usage. Thus, formulating compositions wherein these elongated crystals do not develop is crucial to stability of pendimethalin compositions and is necessary to obtain even distribution of active compound for application. 
     In formulating pendimethalin in other than suspension concentrates, stabilized pendimethalin had to be used. U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,082,537 and 4,150,969 respectively, which disclose compositions containing either a sodium dialkyl (C 6  -C 8 ) sulfosuccinate or an ethoxylated β-diamine, address pendimethalin&#39;s unique formulation problems and provide ways to avoid the formation and/or the presence of the larger, orange crystal form. It is believed that the presence of pendimethalin in the orange macrocrystal form results in large elongated crystals in the final formulation. These patents describe the use of the sulfosuccinates and the β-diamines for stabilizing pendimethalin. This technique maintains pendimethalin in the yellow crystal form which does not favor the formation of large elongated crystals in the formulated product for the preparation of wettable powders. However, these patents fail to disclose ways to formulate pendimethalin as a stable suspension concentrate composition or aqueous flowable composition in the presence of the orange crystal form. 
     It is an object of the present invention, therefore, to provide stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions or aqueous flowable compositions of the low-melting dinitroaniline, pendimethalin, either alone or in combination with other pesticides. Although any secondary pesticide may be used, those having higher melting points or pesticides which are water soluble are suited to the compositions of this invention. Further, it is an additional object of the present invention to provide methods for preparing such stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions or aqueous flowable compositions so that the final compositions do not result in formation of large, elongated crystals which interfere with processing and active component efficacy for application. 
     It is a further object of this invention to provide stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of pendimethalin having a ratio of orange crystal to yellow crystal of 4:96 to totally (100%) orange crystal form. 
     These and other objects will become more apparent by the detailed description of the invention provided herein. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions or aqueous flowable compositions comprising pendimethalin, alone or in combination with other pesticides. Although most secondary pesticides can be used, those having melting points greater than 70° C. or pesticides which are water soluble are suited in the compositions of the invention. Typically, the compositions of the invention comprise, on a weight to volume basis, about 5.0% to 50.0% pendimethalin; about 0% to 50.0% of one or more secondary pesticide(s); about 3.0% to 30.0% coformulants, as described in more detail hereinbelow; and about 20.0% to 92.0% water. Preferred compositions provide pendimethalin in a crystal ratio of from about 4:96 of the orange crystal form to the yellow crystal form up to totally (100%) orange crystal form. 
     The stable compositions of the invention are readily prepared by forming an emulsion of molten pendimethalin in water containing the coformulants, surfactants, dispersing and/or wetting agents, antifoaming agents and suspending agents. This emulsion has an average droplet size in a range of less than 2 microns to about 10 microns, preferably 2 microns to 6 microns. This is then cooled and optionally milled to obtain an average particle size of suspended particles of less than 20 microns, preferably less than 5 microns. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Compositions of the invention typically comprise on a weight to volume basis, about 5.0% to 50.0% pendimethalin; about 0% to 50.0% of one or more secondary pesticide(s) having a melting point greater than 70° C. or being water soluble; about 3.0% to 30.0% of coformulants, such as surfactants, dispersing agents, wetting agents, antifreezing agents, antifoaming agents, thickening agents, gums, preservatives and 20.0% to 92.0% water. Desirably, the pendimethalin in the composition consists of a crystal ratio wherein 4.0% of the pendimethalin crystals are the orange crystal form, i.e., about 4:96 of the orange crystal form to the yellow crystal form, or the pendimethalin consists of 100% of the orange crystal form. Most preferred, 10.0% or more of the pendimethalin crystals are the orange crystal form. 
     Coformulants 
     Pesticides suitable for use in the composition of the present invention include ureas, triazines, imidazolinones, alone or in combination, amongst just a few. Fungicides, insecticides and plant growth regulators which have melting points greater than 70° C. and/or possess physical properties which are amenable to the preparation of aqueous suspension concentrate compositions also may be used in the compositions of the present invention. 
     Additionally, water-soluble pesticides, such as difenzoquat, amine salts, alkali or alkali metal salts of ioxynil, bromoxynil, phenoxy acetic acids, and imidazolinyl carboxylic acids such as 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid and the like may readily be incorporated into the stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of this invention. 
     Preferred higher melting (greater than 70° C.) components for use in the aqueous suspension compositions of the invention containing pendimethalin include: Isoproturon, [N,N-dimethyl-N&#39;-(4-(1-methylethyl)phenyl)urea]; linuron, [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N&#39;-methoxy-N&#39;-methyl urea]; metoxuron, [N&#39;-(3-chloro-4-methoxyphenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea]; chlortoluron, [N&#39;-(3-chloro-4-methyl-phenyl)-N,N-dimethylurea]; diuron, 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea; neburon, N-butyl-N&#39;-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-methylurea; metobromuron, 3-(p-bromophenyl)-1-methoxy-1-methylurea; methabenzthiazuron, N-2-benzothiazolyl-N,N&#39;-dimethylurea; imidazolinone herbicides such as 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid or a water soluble salt thereof (e.g., imazapyr, the isopropylammonium salt there of), 5-methyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)nicotinic acid or a water soluble salt thereof, 5-ethyl-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl) nicotinic acid or a water soluble salt thereof (e.g., imazethapyr, the ammonium salt thereof), 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid (i.e., imazaquin) and the water soluble salts thereof, 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-5-(methoxymethyl)nicotinic acid and the water soluble salts thereof, and the isomeric mixture of methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-m-toluate and methyl 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-p-toluate (i.e., imazamethabenz-methyl). Other secondary active components include triazine herbicides such as atrazine, [2-chloro-4-ethyl-amino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine]; terbuthylazine 2-tert-butylamino-4-chloro-6-ethylamino-1,3,5-triazine; cyanazine, 2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropanenitrile; prometryn, N,N&#39;-bis(1-methylethyl)-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine; and quinmerac, 7-chloro-3-methylquinoline-8-carboxylic acid. 
     Compositions containing pendimethalin in combination with the secondary herbicides comprising isoproturon, linuron, metoxuron or chlortoluron are the subject of allowed U.S. patent application, Ser. No. 07/395,925. Compositions containing pendimethalin alone are the subject of U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,875,929 and 4,871,392. 
     Surfactants (including dispersing agents and/or wetting agents) suitable in the aqueous suspension compositions of the invention containing solid pendimethalin include: ethylene oxide/propylene oxide condensates; alkyl,aryl- and aryl, arylethoxylates and derivatives thereof; lignosulfonates; cresol- and naphthaleneformaldehyde condensates and the sulfonates thereof; polycarboxylates and derivatives thereof; and mixtures thereof. 
     In general, anionic polymerics, such as mixtures of alkyl,aryl- and aryl,arylethoxylates and their derivatives, cresol formaldehyde condensates and their sulfonates, naphthalene formaldehyde condensates and their sulfonates and lignosulfonates have been found to minimize crystal formation during storage and are preferred surfactants. The mixtures of alkyl,aryl- and aryl,arylethoxylates and their derivatives are most preferred. 
     Suspending agents such as polysaccharide gums like Xanthan gum, guar gum; gum arabic and cellulose derivatives, and the like are suitable for addition to the hot emulsion in amounts of about 0.02% to 3.0%, on a weight to volume basis. These aid in stabilizing the emulsion of a desired droplet size by increasing the viscosity of the emulsion from an initial viscosity of about 100 cps to about 1,000 cps or greater prior to cooling. 
     Preservatives to prevent microbial spoiling of the compositions of the invention are included as necessary. One example is a 38% solution of formaldehyde. Other preservatives include methyl and propyl parahydroxybenzoate, 2-bromo-2-nitro-propane-1,3-diol, sodium benzoate, glutaraldehyde, o-phenylphenol, benzisothiazolinone, 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, pentachlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorobenzylalcohol, mixtures thereof and others known to those in the art. Siliconic antifoaming agents are useful in the present compositions. 
     Antifreezing agents such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, other glycols, glycerine or urea may then be added to the resulting aqueous suspension concentrate compositions. Additional surfactants, preservatives and thickening agents, such as clays, precipitated silicas, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamides and the like, may then be added, as can higher melting active components or a suspension concentrate containing other active components. 
     Process of Manufacturing 
     Stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of pendimethalin may be prepared by a variety of methods which achieve the orange polymorph form of pendimethalin. Preferably, preparation employs molten pendimethalin, molten so no orange or yellow polymorph is initially present, and then employs a hot emulsion procedure followed by cooling or a hot emulsion procedure with double milling during which conversion to the orange polymorph takes place. For example, a stable composition may be prepared by emulsifying molten pendimethalin in hot water (50° C. to 80° C.) containing surfactant(s) and antifoaming agent to achieve the desired droplet size. Optionally, a suspending agent is added. The resulting hot emulsion is cooled and agitated, allowing the molten material to solidify. The resulting composition may then be milled, if desired, or additional higher melting active component(s) and coformulants, such as antifreezing agents, surfactants, thickeners, preservatives and the like or a preformed suspension concentrate containing one or more active component(s) and coformulants is added. The aqueous suspension concentrate compositions containing pendimethalin in combination with higher melting or water soluble components may then be subjected to additional milling, if desired. 
     The above method of preparation lends itself to a variety of optional processing steps, such as (1) molten emulsion followed by cooling with no further processing; (2) molten emulsion followed by cooling and optionally adding other active components and coformulants and then milling; (3) molten emulsion in the presence of higher melting active components with concurrent milling followed by cooling; (4) molten emulsion concurrently milled and cooled, then mixing to allow crystallization and standing (&#34;aging&#34;) with or without secondary active components and a second milling. 
     Alternatively, the molten pendimethalin may be dispersed at ambient temperature in a water solution of coformulants, containing if desired, other higher melting active components, followed by milling. Stable compositions may also be obtained by substituting solid pendimethalin having at least 4.0% up to 100% in the orange polymorph form in place of the molten pendimethalin. For purposes of this invention, ambient temperature is defined as a temperature of below about 35° C. 
     Surprisingly, it has been found that stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of pendimethalin are prepared with at least 4.0% of the pendimethalin in the orange crystal form, contrary to what has been reported previously. In the present invention, pendimethalin even in the large orange crystal form may be used to formulate stable aqueous suspensions. Further, up to 100% of the pendimethalin may be present as the orange crystal form whereas only the yellow form was favored in the past to avoid large elongated crystals of pendimethalin formulates. 
     Composition 
     Unexpectedly, stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of pendimethalin, alone or in combination with other active pesticidal components may be prepared by the above methods containing, on a weight to volume basis: 
     5.0% to 50% pendimethalin; 
     0.05% to 1.0% antifoaming agents; 
     2.0% to 20.0% antifreezing agents; 
     2.0% to 20.0% surfactants and mixture of surfactants (wetting and dispersing agents); 
     0.05% to 3.0% thickening agents; 
     0.01% to 2.5% preservatives; 
     0.05% to 2.5% suspending agents; and sufficient water to total 100%. 
     These compositions do not form large, elongated crystals after being processed. Therefore, processing and manufacturing is not halted because of the crystal growths. Further, the compositions are stable without sedimentation of active component in these large (3000 micron) crystals and most importantly, the application of these compositions results in an even dispersibility of active component. 
    
    
     The following examples further illustrate the present invention but are not limitative thereof. 
     EXAMPLES 1-23 
     Method A 
     Preparation of stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of pendimethalin, alone or in combination with other higher melting herbicides 
     An aqueous solution containing surfactants and antifoaming agents at temperatures 50° C. to 80° C. is prepared. Then, the molten pendimethalin (60° C. to 80° C.) is added and agitated sufficiently to obtain an emulsion having an average droplet size of about 2 microns to 10 microns. This stabilized emulsion is cooled to ambient temperature, allowing the pendimethalin to solidify, whereupon the desired additional coformulants or active components (antifreezing agents, suspending agents, surfactants, pesticides) are added to the resulting aqueous suspension of solid pendimethalin. 
     The resulting aqueous composition is milled to achieve the desired average particle size of suspended particles of less than 20 microns, preferably less than 5 microns; and finally, additional thickening agents, preservatives or surfactants, as desired, are admixed with the aqueous composition. This is then packaged as the aqueous suspension composition. 
     Utilizing the above procedure yields the stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions listed in Table I. 
     
                                           TABLE I__________________________________________________________________________     ExampleComposition     1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  10 11 12 13 14 15__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin     26.0        26.0           23.6              20.0                 12.5                    26.0                       26.0                          26.0                             26.0                                26.0                                   20.0                                      20.0                                         26.0                                            23.6                                               40.0(unstabilized)Isoproturon     26.0        26.0           23.6              -- 37.5                    -- 26.0                          26.0                             26.0                                26.0                                   -- -- 26.0                                            23.6                                               --Chlortoluron     -- -- -- 30.0                 -- -- -- -- -- -- 30.0                                      30.0                                         -- -- --Isomeric mixture of     -- -- -- -- -- 12.5                       -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)- m-toluate andmethyl 2-(4-iso-propyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)- p-toluateNa.sup.+  cresol-     5.0        -- 5.0              -- -- 5.0                       -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --formaldehydecondensateNa.sup.+  cresol-     -- 3.0           -- 3.0                 3.0                    -- 3.0                          3.0                             3.0                                3.0                                   3.0                                      3.0                                         3.0                                            7.0                                               5.0formaldehydesulphonatedcondensateNa.sup.+  lauryl sulfate     0.5        0.5           0.5              0.5                 0.5                    -- 0.5                          0.5                             -- -- -- -- 0.5                                            -- --Ca.sup.++ --igno-        -- -- -- -- 2.0                       2.0                          -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --sulfonateAlkyl phenol     -- -- -- -- -- 6.0                       -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --ethoxylateUrea      8.0        8.0           8.0              8.0                 8.0                    8.0                       -- -- 8.0                                -- 8.0                                      -- 10.0                                            8.0                                               --Precipitated silica     2.0        2.0           2.0              2.0                 2.0                    2.0                       2.0                          2.0                             2.0                                2.0                                   -- 2.0                                         2.0                                            2.0                                               --Xanthan gum     0.1        0.1           0.1              0.1                 0.1                    0.1                       0.1                          0.1                             0.1                                0.1                                   0.2                                      0.12                                         0.12                                            0.1                                               0.2Formaldehyde     0.25        0.25           0.25              0.25                 0.25                    0.25                       0.25                          0.25                             0.25                                0.25                                   0.5                                      0.25                                         0.25                                            0.25                                               0.538% solutionSiliconic antifoam     0.1        0.2           0.5              0.25                 0.5                    0.75                       0.2                          0.2                             0.2                                0.2                                   0.2                                      0.2                                         0.2                                            0.2                                               0.2Ethylene glycol     -- -- -- -- -- -- 8.0                          8.0                             -- 8.0                                   -- 8.0                                         -- -- 8.0Ethylene oxide/pro-     -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2.0                                   2.0                                      2.0                                         -- -- --pylene oxidecondensateWater     QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS QS__________________________________________________________________________         ExampleComposition   16   17   18    19   20   21   22   23__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin 26.0 20.0 20.0  20.0 20.0 20.0 26.0 26.0Isoproturon   26.0 --   --    --   --   --   26.0 26.0Chlortoluron  --   30.0 30.0  30.0 30.0 30.0 --   --Urea          8.0  --   --    --   --   --   --   10.0Siliconic antifoam         0.2  0.4  0.5   0.5  0.5  0.5  0.4  0.5Xanthan gum   0.2  0.05 --    --   --   0.05 --   0.1Formaldehyde 38%         0.5  0.125                   --    --   --   0.125                                        --   0.25solutionPrecipitated silica         --   2.5  2.0   --   --   2.0  2.7  2.0Na.sup.+  naphthalene-for-         1.5  --   --    --   --   --   --   --maldehyde conden-sateNa.sup.+ oleoyl methyl         1.5  1.0  --    --   --   --   --   --taurideEthylene oxide-         --   5.5  2.0   2.0  2.0  3.6  6.0  --propylene oxidecopolymerEthylene glycol         --   8.0  8.0   8.0  8.0  8.0  8.0  --Na.sup.+  cresol-formal-         --   --   3.0   3.0  3.0  --   --   --dehyde sulfonatecondensateNa.sup.+  carboxymethyl         --   --   0.5   --   --   --   --   --cellulosePolyvinylalcohol         --   --   --    2.0  --   --   --Polyvinylpyrrolidone         --   --   --    --   2.0  --   --   --Na.sup.+  lignosulfonate         --   --   --    --   --   2.0  --   --China clay    --   --   --    --   --   --   1.3  --Calcium chloride         --   --   --    --   --   --   1.3  --Na.sup.+  polyacrylate         --   --   --    --   --   --   --   2.0Propoxylated alkyl-         --   --   --    --   --   --   --   3.0aryl ethoxylateWater         Sufficient water to total 100%__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 24-44 
     Method B 
     Preparation of stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of pendimethalin, alone or in combination with other active components 
     An aqueous solution containing surfactant(s) and antifoaming agents is prepared at a temperature of 50° C. to 80° C. Then, the molten pendimethalin (60° C. to 80° C.) is added to the aqueous solution while agitating sufficiently to obtain an emulsion having an average droplet size of about 2 microns to 10 microns. Sufficient suspending agent is added to this to stabilize the thus-formed emulsion, and this is cooled to ambient temperature, allowing the pendimethalin to solidify, whereupon the additional coformulants, as desired, are admixed to the resulting suspension. This can then be packaged. 
     Further, a suspension of a pesticide having a melting point greater than 70° C. is prepared and milled to a suitable average particle size (i.e., less than 20 microns, preferably less than 5 microns) or an aqueous solution containing the desired amount of a water-soluble pesticide is prepared. 
     Either one of these is then admixed with the suspension concentrate composition of pendimethalin prepared hereinabove. Finally, additional thickening agents, preservatives or surfactants, as desired, are added, and this is then packaged as the mixed aqueous suspension concentrate composition. 
     Utilizing the above procedure yields the stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions listed in Table II. 
     
                                           TABLE II__________________________________________________________________________              ExampleComposition        24  25  26  27  28__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin (unstabilized)              23.6                  23.6                      23.6                          23.6                              23.6Isoproturon        23.6                  23.6                      23.6                          23.6                              23.6Na.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde              --  3.0 4.1 3.0 4.3sulfonated condensateNa.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde condensate              5.0 --  --  --  --Alkyl phenol ethoxylate              --  --  --  --  8.0Na.sup.+  oleoyl methyl tauride              --  0.65                      --  --  --Na.sup.+  lauryl sulfate              0.5 --  --  0.5 --Urea               8.0 8.0 8.0 --  8.0Ethylene glycol    --  --  --  8.0 --Blend of polyalkylene glycol ether and              --  --  0.7 --  --polyoxyethylene alkylaryl etherSiliconic antifoam 0.25                  0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5Silica             2.0 2.0 --  2.0 --Xanthan gum        0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1Formaldehyde 38% solution              0.25                  0.25                      0.5 0.25                              0.3Water              QS  QS  QS  QS  QS__________________________________________________________________________                ExampleComposition          29  30 31  32  33__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin (unstabilized)                20.0                    20.0                       20.0                           26.0                               30.0Chlortoluron         30.0                    30.0                       --  --  --Isomeric mixture of methyl 6-(4-isopropyl-                --  -- 12.5                           12.5                               --4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)- m-toluate and methyl 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)- p-toluateAmmonium 2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-                --  -- --  --  5.0imidazolin-2-yl)-3-quinolinecarboxylicacid (solution)Na.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde sulfonated                3.0 3.6                       --  --  --condensateNa.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde condensate                --  -- 5.0 3.0 --Triethanolamine salt of polyarylaryl-                --  -- --  1.3 --ethoxylate phosphateNa.sup.+  lignosulfonate                --  -- --  --  4.0Ca.sup.++  lignosulfonate                --  -- 2.0 --  --Alkyl phenol ethoxylate                --  -- 8.0 6.0 --Na.sup.+  lauryl sulfate                0.5 -- --  --  --Urea                 8.0 8.0                       8.0 --  --Ethylene glycol      --  -- --  5.0 8.0Siliconic antifoam   0.5 0.1                       0.5 0.4 0.5Silica               2.0 0.1                       2.0 2.0 0.75Xanthan gum          0.1 0.2                       0.1 0.1 0.1Formaldehyde 38% solution                0.25                    0.5                       0.25                           0.25                               0.25Glacial acetic acid (to pH 7.4)                --  -- --  --  .check mark.Blend of polyalkylene glycol ether and                --  0.55                       --  --  --polyoxyethylene alkylaryl etherWater                QS  QS QS  QS  QS__________________________________________________________________________              ExampleComposition        34 35  36 37  38 39__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin (unstabilized)              33.0                 40.0                     40.0                        40.0                            40.0                               33.0Na.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde sulfon-              -- 4.2 -- --  -- --ated condensateNa.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde condensate              -- --  4.7                        --  -- 4.2Triethanolamine salt of polyaryl-              3.4                 --  -- --  -- --arylethoxylate phosphateNa.sup.+  lignosulfonate              -- --  -- 4.8 -- --Urea               -- --  -- --  -- 13.3Ethylene glycol    8.0                 8.0 -- --  5.0                               --Siliconic antifoam 0.1                 0.5 0.9                        0.3 1.0                               0.3Xanthan gum        0.1                 0.1 0.1                        0.1 0.2                               0.16Formaldehyde 38% solution              0.25                 0.25                     0.25                        0.25                            0.5                               0.4Polycarboxylate derivative              -- --  -- --  3.0                               --Water              QS QS  QS QS  QS QS__________________________________________________________________________              ExampleComposition        40  41  42  43  44__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin (unstabilized)              27.3                  30.0                      27.3                          30.0                              30.0Atrazine           18.2                  20.0                      18.2                          20.0                              20.0Na.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde sulfonated              3.4 1.65                      3.4 1.65                              1.65condensateTriethanolamine salt of polyarylaryl-              --  --  --  1.9 1.9ethoxylate phosphateUrea               5.8 --  --  --  5.0Ethylene glycol    --  5.6 5.2 5.0 --Blend of polyalkylene glycol ether and              1.34                  1.26                      1.2 --  --polyoxyethylene alkylaryl etherSiliconic antifoam 0.9 0.35                      0.9 0.16                              0.16Silica             --  0.5 --  0.4 0.4Xanthan gum        0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1Formaldehyde 38% solution              0.5 0.25                      0.5 0.25                              0.25Water              QS  QS  QS  QS  QS__________________________________________________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 45 and 46 
     Method C 
     Preparation of stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions 
     An aqueous dispersion of surfactants, antifoaming and antifreezing agents, containing, if desired, a solid active component having a melting point greater than 70° C., is prepared or a water soluble active component is prepared at ambient temperatures. The molten pendimethalin (60° C. to 80° C.), with or without additional surfactants, is then added to the agitated aqueous mixture. This resulting aqueous mixture is milled to achieve the desired average particle size of suspended solids, less than 20 microns, preferably less than 5 microns, and additional thickening agents, suspending agents, preservatives, antifreezing agents and surfactants, as desired, are admixed to the milled composition. This is then packaged as the resulting stable aqueous suspension concentrate composition. 
     Utilizing the above procedure yield the stable aqueous concentrate compositions listed in Table III. 
     
                       TABLE III______________________________________                    ExampleComposition                45     46______________________________________Pendimethalin (unstabilized)                      26.0   26.0Isoproturon                26.0   26.0Na.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde sulfonated condensate                      3.0    --Polyarylarylpolyoxyethylene phosphate, acid form                      --     5.0Siliconic antifoam         0.2    0.2Xanthan gum                0.2    0.12Formaldehyde 38% solution  0.5    0.5Ethanediol (Ethylene glycol)                      8.0    --Water                      QS     QS______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 47 and 48 
     Methods A and E 
     Preparation of stable aqueous suspension concentrates of pendimethalin via the method of the invention versus the method of milling while cooling an emulsion (Method E) 
     An aqueous suspension concentrate composition of pendimethalin is prepared according to Examples 1-23, Method A. As a comparison, a suspension concentrate of pendimethalin is prepared according to the description of EPO Application 033291.2. 
     A mixture of hot water (575 cc), ethylene glycol (50 g) and an anionic surface-active agent (a mixture of the monophosphate and the diphosphate of tristyrylphenol with a polyoxyethylene of 18 oxyethylene units, neutralized with triethanolamine, marketed under the tradename of SOPROPHOR FL® by Rhone-Poulenc) (50 g) is vigorously agitated while 400 g of pendimethalin are added. This is then ground in a Dyno Mill with a jacket for rapid cooling, resulting in a mixture leaving the mill at 24° C. and having a particle size of 98% less than 5 microns, indicating the formation of a suspension concentrate. 
     A Xanthan gum biopolymer of a heteropolysaccharide type (1.5 g), produced by fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris on carbohydrates (tradename RHODOPOL® XB 23 marketed by Rhone-Poulenc), is added. 
     Table IV summarizes the stability observations of the two compositions. The milling method does not avoid the appearance of elongated crystals even upon two short periods of storage, one three day storage at 15° C. and one three day storage at 28° C. 
     
                                           TABLE IV__________________________________________________________________________Method A - Method of the Invention                  Method E - Milling while cooling*Composition     % w/v         Result   Composition % w/w                                   Result__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin     40.0         After six weeks                  Pendimethalin                              40.0 Two tests:Suspending agent     0.02         at 28° C., 95% of                  Suspending agent                              0.15 Large crystalsXanthan gum   the particles                  Xanthan gum      particle size(added prior  have an average                  (added after     up to 80 × 5to cooling)   particle size of                  milling and      microns ap-Surfactants     4.0 less than 15 × 4                  cooling)         peared afterSulfonated cresol-         microns. Surfactants 5.0  three days atformaldehyde con-      mixture of mono- 15° C. and alsodensate                and di-phosphate when stored atPolyethoxylated-     3.0          of tristyrylphenol                                   three days atpolymethylmeth-        neutralized with 28° C.acrylate               triethanolamineAntifreeze     5.0          (SOPROPHOR ® FL)Urea                   Antifreeze  5.0Antifoam  0.5          Ethylene glycolSiliconicPreservative     0.1Benzisothiazolone__________________________________________________________________________ ® Trademark of Soprosoie, Division of RhonePoulenc. *Particle size found in initial suspension concentrate composition is 98% less than five (5) microns. 
    
     EXAMPLES 49-50 
     Compositions Containing Active Compound of the Invention 
     An aqueous suspension concentrate composition of pendimethalin with a secondary pesticide is prepared according to Examples 1-23 containing the following components: 
     
         ______________________________________           (% w/v)           Formula X                   Formula Y______________________________________Pendimethalin     23.6      20.0Isoproturon       23.6      --Chlortoluron      --        --Na cresol-formaldehyde             4.1       4.14sulphonated condensatesurfactantPolycarboxylate   --        1.64surfactantBlend of polyalkylene             0.71      --glycol ether andpolyoxyethylene alkylaryl etherUrea              8.0       8.0Xanthan gum       0.2       0.230% siliconic antifoam             0.5       0.3Benzisothiazolinone             --        0.033Methyl paraben    0.1       --Propyl paraben    0.05      --Water To          100.00%   100.00%______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 51-52 
     Compositions Using Hot Emulsion Double Milling Process 
     A hot emulsion of molten pendimethalin is prepared as in Examples 1-23 wherein hot pendimethalin is added to the hot solution of surfactant whilst mixing at high shear. The temperature is 50° C. to 80° C. with a particle size of 2μ to 5μ. The hot emulsion is then milled through a Dyno-Mill and exits as a shattered crystalline form (temperature into mill is about 65° C., and temperature exiting is about 20° C. to 25° C.). This mixture is allowed to &#34;age&#34; to allow orange polymorph crystal conversion. Following conversion, usually 0.5 to 48 hours, a second milling in a Dyno-Mill occurs. (In the event another active pesticide is added, it is added into the aging period stage). Once milled a second time, final coformulants are added. 
     The following compositions are prepared according to the above procedures. 
     
         ______________________________________               Concentrate______________________________________                 % w/wPendimethalin technical                 40.0SOPROPHOR ® FL surfactant                 5.0SILCOLAPSE ® 5000 0.5Propylene glycol      7.0Water To              100.0%This is formulated into the following:                 g/LConcentrate from above                 1000RHODOPOL ® 2% gel  70Water To                100%                 % w/vConcentrate from above                 75.0Atrazine technical    20.0SOPROPHOR ® FL    1.25Propylene glycol      1.25Water To              100.00%______________________________________ 
    
     EXAMPLES 53-61 
     Preparation of stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions of pendimethalin with orange crystal form 
     An aqueous solution containing surfactant(s), antifoaming agents and, if desired, secondary water soluble pesticides is prepared at ambient temperatures. Solid pendimethalin, having a minimum of 4.0% of the orange crystal form, is added, and any other solid secondary pesticide having a melting point greater than 70° C. may also be added. 
     The mixture is milled to achieve the desired average particle size of suspended particles of less than 20 microns, preferably less than 6 microns (2 microns to 6 microns). Then, thickening agents, suspending agents, antifreezing agents, preservatives and additional surfactants are admixed with the resulting mixture to produce a stable aqueous suspension concentrate composition. 
     Utilizing the above procedure, the stable aqueous suspension concentrate compositions listed in Table V are prepared. 
     
                                           TABLE V__________________________________________________________________________        ExampleComposition  53  54  55  56  57  58  59  60  61__________________________________________________________________________Pendimethalin        23.6            23.6                23.6                    23.6                        23.6                            23.6                                23.6                                    20.0                                        44.8(orange/yellow ratio)        (32/68)            (32/68)                (32/68)                    (24/76)                        (16/84)                            (8/92)                                (4/96)                                    (46/54)                                        (100%)Isoproturon  23.6            23.6                23.6                    23.6                        23.6                            23.6                                23.6                                    --  --Chlortoluron --  --  --  --  --  --  --  30.0                                        --Na.sup.+  cresol-formaldehyde        3.0 3.0 --  3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 --sulfonated condensateNa.sup.+  naphthalene sul-        --  --  --  --  --  --  --  --  3.0fonated condensateEthylene oxide - pro-        2.0 --  --  --  --  --  --  2.0 --pylene oxide copolymerNa.sup.+  lauryl sulfate        --  0.5 --  0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 --  --Triethanolamine salt of        --  --  3.0 --  --  --  --  --  --polyarylarylethyleneoxide phosphateEthylene glycol        8.0 --  8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 3.0Urea         --  8.0 --  --  --  --  --  --  --Silica       2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 0.8Siliconic antifoam        0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 --Formaldehyde 0.125            0.25                0.25                    0.25                        0.25                            0.25                                0.25                                    0.25                                        --38% solutionXanthan gum  0.05            0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.05                                        --Water        QS  QS  QS  QS  QS  QS  QS  QS  QS__________________________________________________________________________