Abstract:
A swing clamp detachably clamped onto the frame of a vertical artist&#39;s canvas structure. A hand bridge releasably mounted on the clamp, and movable relative to the art surface, for resting the hand thereon, and also for detachably holding a pallet. The hand bridge can also be used, independently, in placing it above a horizontal art surface, for resting the hand. A pallet can be detachably mounted on the hand bridge and slid therealong and also rotated thereon. The pallet can also be used independently for holding by the hand, by means of a handle entirely under the pallet board.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention resides in the broad field of tools and instruments for artists, both in using paints, i.e., paste or liquid, or in drawing, i.e., using pencil or charcoal, not pasty or liquid. Various difficulties and obstacles have been encountered by artists in both of these subfields and the present invention is directed to overcoming those difficulties and obstacles. The invention is embodied in several independent tools or items, that some of which can be utilized independently and alone, and they may also be used in certain circumstances in an assembly. For convenience, the individual tools or items may be referred to collectively, as apparatus, or device. 
     Difficulties encountered heretofore, include the following: 
     A. Hand contact with the art surface. 
     B. Hand contact with the pallet. 
     C. Steadiness, or lack of steadiness, in the painting/drawing hand. 
     D. Positioning of the pallet relative to the art surface, vertically arranged, when mounted in the apparatus. 
     A. When painting or drawing, upon a horizontal surface such as a drawing board or table top, the artist&#39;s hand tends to smudge the material that was already applied to the art surface, and this was true whether the mediums were wet such as paints, inks, or dry, such as graphite, pastels, etc. Also oils and sweat from the hands may soil the art surface. In this step, both the art surface, and the artist&#39;s hand, were affected. Among the steps taken heretofore to overcome such a problem included placing a piece of paper on the drawing to act as a barrier between the working hand and the art surface, but the difficulties involved in this step are quite obvious, including as a principal one, smearing of the art surface. 
     An object of the invention is to provide means for overcoming this difficulty, which includes a hand bridge which may be utilized for spacing the hand from the art surface in the act of drawing or painting upon a horizontal art surface. 
     B. In the use of pallets known heretofore, very generally a hole was provided in the pallet for the user to extend his thumb through it, and the thumb engaged the upper surface of the pallet in holding it. This was objectionable for several reasons, a main one of which is that many paints and related mediums are toxic, and the user often encountered adverse conditions resulting from engagement with such mediums. As a less serious difficulty, the pallet was difficult to hold in the desired position, because it could be gripped in only a single manner. 
     Another important object of the invention is to provide a pallet with a special construction enabling it to be held by the hand by means of a handle on the back side of the pallet, so that the pallet may be held as desired and without the hand engaging any of the paint or other mediums on the pallet. Additionally this same handle enables the pallet to be mounted or incorporated in the complete apparatus or assembly, for a purpose referred to in &#34;D&#34; above. Still further, the pallet is provided with an arrangement, including a hole therethrough, for extending brushes and pencils therethrough for grasping by the hand of the user, on the underside of the pallet, while enabling these brushes and pencils to extend above the top surface of the pallet to enable the user to quickly grasp them and manipulate them. 
     C. It is well known that steadiness, or lack of steadiness, in the hand is an extremely great factor in art work. This steadiness factor is involved both in the immediate act of applying a medium to the art surface, and in the overall condition of the hand, such as fatigue or weariness. Q The present invention overcomes this problem to a great extent, by means of a novel hand bridge. This hand bridge may be used alone, independently of the other tools, or it may be used in the assembly or combination of all of the tools. As a separate item, it can be placed over the top of the art surface and the hand in resting on it, is held spaced from the art surface, eliminating smearing. It may be placed in any of several different positions for providing variable and different heights above the art surface, for using brushes, or pencils, respectively, which require holding at different positions, relative to the art surface. 
     Additionally, this same hand bridge can be incorporated with another component of the apparatus, the swing clamp, and when so mounted, it can be moved relative to the vertical art surface for producing the desired spacing of the hand from the art surface. In the use of the hand bridge in this manner, it may be compared with the manner in which Norman Rockwell painted, i.e., he used a rod having one end bearing on the art surface and the other end held in his hand. However, in that case, the rod was unattached and loose, and was correspondingly rather difficult to hold and manipulate, and there may not be a convenient and clear spot on which to rest the rod. In contrast to that, the hand bridge in the present case is mounted in the apparatus, free of the user&#39;s support, and is very convenient and can be easily positioned relative to the art surface both as to location within the bounds thereof and as to spacing therefrom. The arrangement accommodates great versatility of the artist. 
     D. Heretofore it has been difficult to position the pallet relative to the art surface, in the act of painting. When the artist held the pallet in one hand, he was handicapped to an extent, in that since one hand was occupied in holding the panel, the artist was not free to use both hands for various manipulations. In the present case, in the complete assembly or apparatus, the hand bridge is mounted in a clamp, and the pallet is mounted on the hand bridge, leaving both hands of the artist free. The hand bridge is mounted for movement relative to the art surface, and accordingly the pallet can be positioned relative to the art surface both as to spacing therefrom, and positioning it at various locations at the art surface. Heretofore when a pallet was not held in the hand, it may have been set on a separate piece of furniture, or mounted at the bottom of the art surface and in the case of a large painting, the artist necessarily had to move about, such as bending over and straightening up, or stepping, to reach the pallet and the art surface in the act of painting. 
     Another feature in this phase of the invention, is that the pallet when mounted on the hand bridge, is so mounted that it is rotatable about a vertical axis, so that the artist may place different mediums at different locations on the periphery of the pallet, and then move the pallet, rotationally, to place the desired medium, such as a particular color, adjacent the location on the art surface, providing a great convenience in minimum movement of the hand between the medium and the art surface. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS FIGURES OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is front view of a canvas mounted on an easel, with the apparatus of the present invention mounted in place, on the canvas. 
     FIG. 2 is a perspective, exploded of the apparatus of the invention, in association with a fragment of a canvas. 
     FIG. 3 is a view from the top of FIG. 1, excluding the easel. 
     FIG. 4 is a view from the right hand end of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 5 is a sectional view taken at line 5--5 of FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 6 is a face view taken as indicated by the arrow 6 of FIG. 2. 
     FIG. 7 is a detailed view of the holder on the pallet. 
     FIG. 8 is a view taken from the left of FIG. 7. 
     FIG. 9 is a view of the hand bridge used independently as a separate tool. 
     FIG. 10 is a view of the hand bridge of FIG. 9 but in a different position. 
     FIG. 11 is a top view, of the swing clamp, oriented according to the arrow 11 of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11 but showing the apparatus mounted on a smaller stretcher strip. 
     FIG. 13 is a view of the swing clamp taken at the arrow 13 of FIG. 2. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Referring in detail to the drawings, and referring first to FIGS. 1-4, the apparatus of the present invention is indicated in its entirety at 16, andit is shown mounted on a canvas 18. For purposes of convenience reference will be first made to the canvas, and thereafter the apparatus itself, both as to its character and its mounting on the canvas. 
     The canvas 18 is shown mounted on an easel 20. The canvas and the easel areof known character, the canvas resting on members 22 and secured thereby tothe easel. The canvas as shown is upright, and nearly vertical, and for convenience herein, it will be referred to as positioned vertically, and other items positioned correspondingly. It will be understood that in any other position, all references are to be interpreted accordingly. 
     The canvas 18 as noted above is of known construction, and it includes a canvas fabric 24 secured to a frame 26 as indicated at 28. The fabric and the frame together may also be referred to as a canvas structure, for convenience. The fabric presents what is referred to as an art surface 30,at the front, and the frame 26 is made up of a plurality of stretcher strips 32 secured together, such as by mitered joints 34. Canvases are nowproduced generally in two kinds, having stretcher strips of different dimensions. In one case the stretcher strips are 21/4&#34;×11/4&#34; in cross-section, and the other 1 5/16&#34;×7/8&#34;. The former will be referred to herein as the large size and the latter as the small size. Both are shown in FIG. 5 indicated at 32a, 32b, respectively. Each stretcher strip has a width dimension 36, a thickness dimension 38 and (FIG. 2) a length dimension 40. The apparatus of the present invention incorporates a special and novel feature for accommodating each the large and small size stretcher strips, as described fully below. 
     In the following description of the apparatus 16 itself, the order of presentation is not necessarily in the same sequence as in the descriptionof the use thereof, this variation being utilized for facilitating the nature of the structure, and its use. 
     The apparatus 16 includes three main components, namely a clamp 42 which will be referred to herein as a swing clamp, a hand bridge 80 and a pallet46 which may also be referred to as a pallet hat. 
     The clamp 42 (FIG. 2) has a longitudinal axis 48 which will extend front torear perpendicular to the canvas, in its mounted position on the canvas. 
     The clamp 42 includes an outer clamping jaw 50 and an inner clamping jaw 52. These jaws may be made of suitable material, such as plastic, aluminum, etc. The outer jaw may be a simple rectangular block, and has aninner clamping surface 53. The inner clamping jaw (FIGS. 11 and 12) is generally L-shape having a forward leg 54 and a rear leg 56. These legs have respective inside surfaces 54a, 56a preferably at a 90° angle relative to each other, and these surfaces together are preferably at an angle relative to the respective outer surfaces in the neighborhood of 7°. 
     A threaded rod 57 (FIGS. 6, 11, 12) is inserted through a hole 58 in the clamp jaw 50 and a threaded hole 58&#39; (FIG. 6) in clamp jaw 52, where a nut59 is threaded thereon, and a washer 60 (FIGS. 11, 12) is applied for the wheel to engage. Upon turning the threaded rod, the jaws are pulled up together, or released, respectively. The hole 58 is relatively large for enabling limited angular movement of the rod therein. The rod 57 has a thumb wheel 62 for manipulating it. Guide pins 61 may be mounted in the outer jaw for guiding the inner jaw. The swing clamp is applied to the canvas as represented in FIGS. 11 and 12 where the outer and inner jaws 50, 52 are applied to the stretcher strip 32. Further reference to this mounting will be made hereinbelow. 
     Mounted in the forward end portion of the outer jaw 50 are two sets of guide pins, namely an inner set 63 and an outer set 64, each set includingtwo pins spaced apart vertically, and the two sets being spaced apart longitudinally or horizontally from front to rear. The pins 63 of the inner set are slidable along their own lengths, i.e., from left to right in FIG. 11. This figure shows them in retracted or in active position, extending through the outer surface of the clamp jaw. The pins 64 of the outer set are fixed in position, extending through the inner surface of the clamp jaw. FIG. 11 shows a stretcher strip 32 of large size, and to accommodate this size of stretcher strip, the pins 63 are moved to the right to their inactive position, and the swing clamp is fitted to the stretcher strip in such a manner that the outer pins 64 engage the stretcher strip. 
     FIG. 12 shows the swing clamp mounted on a small stretcher strip, and in this case the guide pins 63 are moved to their inner, active position, andthey engage the small stretcher strip. 
     In either case, i.e., in mounting on the large stretcher strip of FIG. 11 or the small stretcher strip of FIG. 12, the inner clamp jaw 52 is appliedto the corresponding inner surface of the stretcher strip and the thumb wheel is tightened, drawing the clamp jaws against the stretcher strip. Because the rod 57 is displaced to the exterior of the stretcher strip, upon tightening the thumb wheel, there is a tendency for the clamp jaws toswing about the corresponding corners of the stretcher strips at points 65a, 65b. The dimensions of the inner clamp 52 and the location and large size of the hole 58 are such that the threaded rod 57 assumes an angle relative to the rear surface 65c of the stretcher strip. Because of this angular relationship, the wheel engages the washer 60 at point 65d, and thereby holds the outer clamp jaw 50 flat against the outer surface of thestretcher strip and thus the swing clamp as a whole straight in fore-and-aft direction. The angular positioning of the surfaces 54a, 56a aid in this positioning of the outer jaw; additionally, the pins 63, or 64, engaging the front surface of the stretcher strip also aid in holding the swing clamp in the desired position. 
     Mounted on the forward end of the outer clamping jaw 50 is a coupler 66, which may be of plastic material. This coupler is in the form of a block having a vertical hole 67 therethrough, with a vertical slot 69 leading from the hole forwardly, and a pair of cross slots 72. This coupler is shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in normal position to be referred to again hereinbelow. 
     The coupler 66 is fitted to the forward end of the outer clamp jaw 50 and mounted thereon by means of a rod 74 (FIGS. 5, 6 and 13) extending throughthe jaw and into the coupler where a nut 75 is threaded thereon, positionedin a recess in the coupler. On the outer and rear end of the rod is a thumbnut 76. Upon tightening the thumb nut, the coupler is drawn up tight against the jaw, and upon relieving of the thumb nut, the coupler can be rotated to different positions angularly about the axis 7 of the rod whichis parallel with the longitudinal axis 48. the rod 74. 
     Also mounted in the jaw 50 is another rod 78, adjacent the side of the jaw,retractably extending into the coupler at 79 to releasably secure the coupler in its normal position. 
     The hand bridge 80 (FIG. 2) is elongated and has a central longitudinal axis 81. It includes bridging means 83 made up of a pair of vertically spaced elements 84, which may for example be aluminum tubes, or equivalent. It also includes inner and outer end members 86, 87 respectively, in which the tubes 84 are secured. 
     The inner end member 86 is cylindrical in shape and has a central vertical axis 89, this end member serving as a means for mounting the hand bridge as referred to below. 
     The outer end member 87 includes an element 92 mounted directly on the tubes 84, and another element 93 secured to the element 92 by means of spacer rods 94. 
     The inner end member 86 and the element 92 are both of greater transverse dimension than the tubes 84 for spacing the tubes above the art surface asillustrated in FIG. 9. This spacing may be for example on the order of 5/8&#34;. In this case the bridge is positioned and spaced from the art surface a short distance, for using a pencil 95. It will be noted that thehand as noted at 97 rests on the hand bridge. 
     The outer end element 87, by means of the spacing of the elements 92, 93 thereof, serves to space the tubes 84 a greater distance from the art surface. This positioning of the hand bridge is utilized in using a brush 96, as shown in FIG. 10, where the brush 96 is held by the hand as at 97, the hand resting on the tubes which are spaced at a greater distance, in keeping with the usual desired manipulation of a brush, as contrasted to apencil. The vertical dimension (FIG. 10) of the outer element 87 may be as desired, but a convenient spacing may be varying distances of from 5/8&#34; to3.5&#34;. 
     The hand bridge is mounted on the swing clamp by placing the inner end element 86 in the hole 67 in the coupler, in which it is rotatable, enabling swinging of the hand bridge about the axis 89 (FIG. 2). When it is so swung, the rods 84 enter into the cross slots 72. This swinging movement is represented in FIG. 2. 
     When the hand bridge is so mounted in the coupler, the elements and components are so arranged so that when the coupler is in its home position, the hand bridge is in a horizontal position as shown in full lines in FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 1 represents the use of the hand bridge with a vertical canvas, and when mounted in the apparatus. The user rests his hand on the hand bridge,in applying the colors to the canvas, and the hand bridge can be swung vertically as shown in dot-dash lines. This swinging movement is enabled by the rotation of the coupler 66 described above. 
     Reference is next made to the pallet 46 which includes a board or board element 102 of suitable material, such as mahogany, or any material that is of course not adversely affected by the paints and related mediums. It is of suitable size for holding in the hand, and mounted on the undersurface is a handle 103, which is of inverted U-shape (FIG. 8) with atop portion 103a and legs 103b, the legs being parallel and together provided with a larger opening 105 extending therethrough. The handle is secured to the board by a screw 106 threaded into the body portion 103a, asuitable washer 107 being also used. The handle 103 is swingable about the axis 109 extending through the screw, perpendicular to the board, the purpose of this feature being referred to again below. The board is provided with a brush hole 110 adjacent to the mounting screw 106. 
     The handle 103 is utilized in holding the pallet manually, the user placinghis hand in holding position as indicated at 112, the board thus being heldindependently of and separate from the other components of the apparatus. In holding the pallet by the handle, contrast is made with the manner in which the pallet was held heretofore, i.e., by means of the user extendinghis thumb through the hole provided in the pallet. The thumb of course engaged the upper surface of the pallet in holding it, and came in contactwith the paints and other mediums thereon which caused discomfort and oftenserious bad effects in the skin of the user. In the present case the user in holding the pallet has his hand entirely on the underside and does not come in contact with the top surface, or the paint thereon. 
     In the use of the pallet in the manner just referred to, in which the hand is entirely below the pallet board, the user can nevertheless easily hold paint brushes that are not being used at the moment. Attention is directedto FIG. 8 where a paint brush 114 is positioned in the brush hole 110, and the handle is gripped by the hand. In using the pallet, the brush is inserted through the hole and grasped by the hand, and so held until laterwhen it is to be used. Thus the user can hold the brush without touching the top surface of the pallet and is thus held by its clean handle. It is pointed out that the opening 105 is relatively large to accommodate several fingers of the user, so that he can hold the pallet firmly. 
     The spacing of the legs 103d of the handle is such that the legs fit over the tubes 84 with a friction fit (FIG. 2). The handle 103, and thus the pallet as a whole, is slidable along the tubes 84 of the hand bridge for correspondingly sliding the pallet for positioning the pallet adjacent oneside of the canvas or the other. 
     By reason of the rotatability of the pallet board 102 on the handle 103, the desired edge or side of the pallet can be placed closely adjacent the canvas, and then the hand bridge can be swung toward the canvas an extent depending on the position of the pallet on the hand bridge. 
     Thus the arrangement of the hand bridge and pallet can assume four different usages, a) the hand bridge used alone as in FIGS. 9 and 10, b) the hand bridge used when mounted on the swing clamp, without the pallet, c) the pallet mounted on the hand bridge when the hand bridge is mounted on the swing clamp, and d) the pallet used alone. 
     Thus the arrangement of the several components of the apparatus enable great variety in moving and using the parts; the hand bridge is movable toward and from the canvas, about the vertical axis 89 (FIG. 2); the coupler 66 (FIG. 2) is swingable about the horizontal axis 77 (FIG. 13), and thereby the hand bridge 80 is swingable to upper and lower positions (FIG. 1); the pallet (FIG. 3) is swingable on the hand bridge, about the axis 109.