Abstract:
Disclosed are a method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate, and an intermediate compound. The method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate 4 comprises; reacting a compound 3 with a C 1 -C 3  alkyl alcohol solution of methylamine in an organic solvent, wherein, X=chlorine, bromine, or iodine. Also disclosed are an intermediate compound 3 and a preparation method thereof. The method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate of the present invention has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, high yield, and easy purification, thus being suitable for industrial production.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    Technical Field 
         [0002]    The present invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical synthesis, and particularly to a method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate, and an intermediate compound. 
         [0003]    Related Art 
         [0004]    Dabigatran etexilate, chemical name ethyl 3-[[[2-[[4-[[[(hexyloxy)carbonyl]amino]iminomethyl]phenyl]amino]toluene]-1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-5-yl]carbonyl](pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate, has a chemical structure of Formula 1-1: 
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         [0005]    Dabigatran etexilate is a novel oral anti-coagulant developed and launched by Boehringer Ingelheim, Germany, and is a non-peptide thrombin inhibitor. This drug was first launched in Germany and UK in April 2008, and then approved by FDA in 2010. The drug can be taken orally, needs no clinical detection, and suffers from few drug interactions. 
         [0006]    The synthesis of dabigatran etexilate is particularly described in Patent (or Patent Application) Nos. CN1861596, WO2007/071743, WO2008/095928, WO2009/111997, WO2011/061080, and CN102633713, and also in the literature, J. Med. Cham. 2002, 45, 1757-1766, all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In all these literatures, ethyl 3-[(4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate(4) is exclusively used as a key intermediate in the synthesis route. For example, in J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 1757-1766, ethyl 3-[(4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate(4) is used as a starting material, which is subjected to reduction, nitrification, condensation and ring closing, ammonolysis of a cyano, and esteriflcation, to prepare dabigatran etexilate. The reaction scheme is shown in 1-2. 
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         [0007]    At present, the method for preparing ethyl 3-[(4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate(4) includes: reacting 4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoic acid with thionyl chloride, to prepare 4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl chloride hydrochloride, which is then acylated with ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate; to prepare ethyl 3-[(4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate(4), as for example described in J. Med. Chem. 2002, 45, 1757-1766. The yield after the two steps is 55%. The reaction scheme is as shown in 1-3: 
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         [0008]    It can be known from analysis of existing routes for synthesizing ethyl 3-[(4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate)4) that during acylation, 4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl chloride hydrochloride is prone to condensation with itself, after being made free by triethylamine. The side reaction cannot be avoided, resulting in a low yield. In addition, the dripping rate of the tetrahydrofuran solution of 4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl chloride hydrochloride is critical to the acylation. However, this compound is sparingly soluble in tetrahydrofuran, and a large amount of tetrahydrofuran is needed for dissolution, which is disadvantageous in industrial production. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0009]    In view of the technical problem to overcome the deficiency including great difficulty in the current preparation of dabigatran etexilate intermediates, presence of various side reactions, low yield, and difficulty in purification, the present invention provides a method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate and an intermediate compound. The method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate of the present invention has the advantages of simple process, easy operation, high yield, and easy purification, thus being suitable for industrial production. 
         [0010]    The technical problems are addressed in the present invention by employing the following technical solutions. 
         [0011]    The present invention provides a method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate 4, which includes: reacting a compound 3 with a C 1 -C 2  alkyl alcohol solution of methylamine in an organic solvent, wherein the organic solvent is a protic organic solvent or an aprotic organic solvent; and 
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         [0012]    wherein, X=chlorine, bromine, or iodine. 
         [0013]    The protic organic solvent is preferably methanol and/or ethanol, and more preferably ethanol. The volume/weight ratio of the protic organic solvent to the compound 3 is preferably 3-5 ml/g. The aprotic organic solvent is preferably an aprotic polar organic solvent, and more preferably one or more of dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, and N-methyl pyrrolidone. The volume/weight ratio of the aprotic organic solvent to the compound 3 is preferably 2.5-5.0 ml/g. 
         [0014]    Wherein, X is preferably chlorine. 
         [0015]    The C 1 -C 3  alkyl alcohol solution of methylamine is preferably one or more of a methanol solution of methylamine, an ethanol solution of methylamine, and a propanol solution of methylamine, and more preferably an ethanol solution of methylamine. 
         [0016]    The concentration of the C 1 -C 3  alkyl alcohol solution of methylamine is 27-32% by weight. 
         [0017]    The molar ratio of the compound 3 to methylamine is preferably 1:1.98-1:2.35. 
         [0018]    The C 1 -C 3  alkyl alcohol solution of methylamine is preferably added by dripping the C 1 -C 3  alkyl alcohol solution of methylamine into a mixture of the compound 3 and the organic solvent. 
         [0019]    When the organic solvent is a protic organic solvent, the reaction temperature is preferably 30-40° C.; and when the organic solvent is an aprotic organic solvent, the reaction temperature is preferably 60-90° C., and more preferably 70° C. 
         [0020]    The reaction process may be monitored by conventional means (for example, TLC or HPLC) known in the art. The disappearance of the compound 3 is generally taken as the reaction endpoint, and the reaction time is preferably 0.5-5 hrs. 
         [0021]    After the reaction is completed, post-treatment may be performed to further purify the compound 4. The post-treatment may be a conventional post-treatment in the art, and preferably includes: evaporating the reaction solution to dryness and performing column chromatography, when the organic solvent is a protic organic solvent; and adding ethyl acetate, washing with water, drying, filtering, and evaporating the filtrate to dryness when the organic solvent is an aprotic organic solvent. The volume/weight ratio of ethyl acetate to the compound 3 is preferably 1-5 ml/g, and the drying is preferably performed over anhydrous sodium sulfate. 
         [0022]    The compound 3 may be prepared through a method including: acylating a compound 2 with ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate in dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran in the presence of an organic base, where X=chlorine, bromine, or iodine. 
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         [0023]    The organic base may be a common organic base that can provide a basic environment in this type of reactions in the art, and is preferably methyl amine and/or N,N-diisopropylethylamine. 
         [0024]    The molar ratio of the compound 2 to ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate is preferably 1:1. 
         [0025]    The acylation temperature may be conventional acylation temperature in the art, and is preferably 0-30° C. 
         [0026]    The volume/weight ratio of dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran to the compound 2 is preferably 4-7 ml/g. 
         [0027]    The molar ratio of the organic base to the compound 2 is preferably 1:1-2:1. 
         [0028]    The compound 2 is preferably added by adding a mixture of the compound 2 and dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran into a mixture of ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate and the organic base; and more preferably by dripping a mixture of the compound 2 and dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran into a mixture of ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate and the organic base. 
         [0029]    The acylation progress may be monitored by conventional means, (for example, TLC or HPLC) known in the art. The disappearance of the ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate is generally taken as the reaction endpoint, and the reaction time is preferably 0.5-2 hrs. 
         [0030]    After the acylation is completed, post-treatment may be performed to further purify the compound 3. The post-treatment may be a conventional post-treatment in the art, and preferably includes: washing the reaction solution with water, drying, filtering, evaporating the filtrate to dryness and performing column chromatography. 
         [0031]    The present invention further provides a compound 3, which has a structure represented by: 
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         [0032]    wherein, X=chlorine, bromine, or iodine. 
         [0033]    This compound 3 may be used to prepare the dabigatran etexilate intermediate 4. 
         [0034]    The present invention further provides a method for preparing the compound 3, which includes: acylating a compound 2 with ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate in dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran in the presence of an organic base, wherein X=chlorine, bromine, or iodine. 
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         [0035]    The organic base may be a common organic base that can provide a basic environment in this type of reactions in the art, and is preferably triethylamine and/or N,N-diisopropylethylamine. 
         [0036]    The molar ratio of the compound 2 to ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate is preferably 1:1. 
         [0037]    The acylation temperature is conventional acylation temperature in the art, and is preferably 0-30° C. 
         [0038]    The volume/weight ratio of dichlromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran to the compound 2 is preferably 4-7 ml/g. 
         [0039]    The molar ratio of the organic base to the compound 2 is preferably 1:1-2:1. 
         [0040]    The compound 2 is preferably added by adding a mixture of the compound 2 and dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran into a mixture of ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate and the organic base; and more preferably by dripping a mixture of the compound 2 and dichloromethane and/or tetrahydrofuran into a mixture of ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate and the organic base. 
         [0041]    The acylation progress may be monitored by conventional means (for example, TLC or HPLC) known in the art. The disappearance of the ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate is generally taken as the reaction endpoint, and the reaction time is preferably 0.5-2 hrs. 
         [0042]    After the acylation is completed, post-treatment may be performed to further purify the compound 3. The post-treatment may be a conventional post-treatment in the art, and preferably includes: washing the reaction solution with water, drying, filtering, evaporating the filtrate to dryness, and performing column chromatography. 
         [0043]    The compound 2 may be prepared through a process including: reacting a compound 1 with thionyl chloride in a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethyl formamide and toluene, wherein X=chlorine, bromine or iodine. For this method, reference may be made to J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32,409-417, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. 
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         [0044]    In light of common knowledge in the art, any combination of the preferred conditions as described above may be used to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present invention. 
         [0045]    The reagents and raw materials used in the present invention are all commercially available. 
         [0046]    The positive and progressive effect of the present invention lies in the method for preparing a dabigatran etexilate intermediate of the present invention having a simple process, ease in operation, a high yield, and ease in purification, which is suitable for industrial production. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0047]    The present invention is further described by means of examples, but in no way limited to the scope of the examples. For the experimental methods in the following examples where no specific conditions are given, conventional procedures and conditions are used, or procedures and conditions are selected following a product instruction. 
       Example 1 
       [0048]    Synthesis of 3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoyl chloride (compound 2) 
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         [0049]    3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoic acid (10.0 g, 49.6 mmol), N,N-dimethyl formamide (0.3 ml, 3.6 mmol) and toluene (50 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 70° C. Thionyl chloride (4.3 ml, 59.5 mmol) was added, and heating was resumed to reflux for 30 min. Thionyl chloride and the solvent were distilled away under reduced pressure, to obtain a pale yellow oil (compound 2) which was dissolved in dichloromethane (60 ml) and directly used in the next reaction. 
       Example 2 
       [0050]    Synthesis of ethyl 3-[(3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate (compound 3) 
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         [0051]    Ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate (9.6 g, 49.6 mmol), thiethylamine (13.8 ml, 99.2 mmol), and dichloromethane (20 ml) were added to a reactor, and the dichloromethane solution of the compound 2 obtained in Example 1 was added dropwise, and then stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction solution was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, and the remaining solid was purified by column chromatography, to obtain the compound 3(16.3 g, yield 87.0%). mp 63-65° C.: ESI-MS(m/z): 378[M+H] + , 400[M+Na] + ;  1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.19(t, 3H), 2.70(t, 2H), 3.95(q, 2H), 4.20(t, 2H), 7.22(d, 2H), 7.25(t, 1H), 7.44(dd, 1H), 7.66(d, 1H), 7.75(m, 1H), 7.92(d, 1H), 8.35(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98.5%. 
       Example 3 
       [0052]    Synthesis of ethyl 3-[(4-methylamino-3-nitrobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate (compound 4) 
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         [0053]    The compound 3(16.3 g, 47.15 mmol) and ethanol (60 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 40° C. A 27.0-32.0% solution (16.3 ml) of methylamine in ethanol was slowly added dropwise, and stirred for 2 hrs. The reaction solution was evaporated to dryness, and the remaining solid was purified by column chromatography, to obtain the compound 4(13.6 g, yield 84.6%).mp 86-88° C.;  1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.11(t, 3H), 2.66(t, 2H), 2.91(t, 3H), 3.96(q, 2H), 4.18(t, 2H), 6.83(d, 1H), 7.08(d, 1H), 7.21(m, 1H), 7.32(dd, 1H), 7.69(m, 1H), 7.93(d, 1H), 8.36(d, 1H), 8.43(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 97.9%. 
       Example 4 
       [0054]    Synthesis of 3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoyl chloride (compound 2) 
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         [0055]    3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoic acid (1.0 g, 4.96 mmol), N,N-dimethyl formamide (0.03 ml, 0.36 mmol), and toluene (8 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 70′C. Thionyl chloride (0.43 ml 5.95 mmol) was added, and heating was resumed to reflux for 30 min, Thionyl chloride and the solvent were distilled a way under reduced pressure, to obtain a pale yellow oil (compound 2) which was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (6 ml) and directly used in the next reaction. 
       Example 5 
       [0056]    Synthesis of ethyl 3-[(3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate (compound 3) 
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         [0057]    Ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propionate (0.96 g, 4.96 mmol), triethylamine (1.38 ml, 9.92 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (4 ml) were added to a reactor, and the tetrahydrofuran solution of the compound 2 obtained in Example 4 was added dropwise, and then stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction solution as washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, and the remaining solid was purified by column chromatography, to obtain the compound 3(1.59 g, yield 84.9%).mp 63-65° C.; ESI-MS(m/z): 378[M+H] + , 400[M+Na] + ;  1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.19(t, 3H), 2.70(t, 2H), 3.95(q, 2H), 4.20(t, 2H), 7.22(d, 2H), 7.25(t, 1H), 7.44(dd, 1H), 7.66(d, 1H), 7.75(m, 1H), 7.92(d, 1H), 8.35(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98.9%. 
       Example 6 
       [0058]    Synthesis of 3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoyl chloride (compound 2) 
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         [0059]    3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoic acid (1.0 g, 4.96 mmol), N,N-dimethyl formamide (0.03 ml, 0.36 mmol) and toluene (8 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 70° C. Thionyl chloride (0.43ml, 5.95 mmol) was added, and heating was resumed to reflux for 30 min. Thionyl chloride and the solvent were distilled away under reduced pressure, to obtain a pale yellow oil (compound 2) which was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (6 ml) and directly used in the next reaction. 
       Example 7 
       [0060]    Synthesis of ethyl 3-[(3-nitro-4-chlorobenzoyl)(pyridin-2-yl)amino]propionate (compound 3) 
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         [0061]    Ethyl 3-(pyridin-2-yl-amino)propjonate (0.96 g, 4.96 mmol), N,N-diisopropylethylamine (1.64 ml, 9.92 mmol), and tetrahydrofuran (4 ml) were added to a reactor, and the tetrahydrofuran solution of the compound 2 obtained in Example 6 was added dropwise, and then stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction solution was washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, and the remaining solid was purified by column chromatography, to obtain the compound 3(1.61 g, yield 85.92%).mp 63-65° C.; ESI-MS(m/z): 378[M+H] + , 400[M+Na] + ;  1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.19(t, 3H), 2.70(t, 2H), 3.95(q, 2H), 4.20(t, 2H), 7.22(d, 2H), 7.25(t, 1H), 7.44(dd, 1H), 7.66(d, 1H), 7.75(m, 1H), 7.92(d, 1H), 8.35(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98.7%. 
       Example 8 
       [0062]    The compound 3(21.2 g, 56.12 mmol) and dimethyl sulfoxide (77.0 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 70° C. A 27.0-32.0% solution (21.0 ml) of methylamine in ethanol was slowly added dropwise, and stirred for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (39.0 ml) was added to the reaction solution, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, to obtain the compound 4(20.6 g, yield 98.56%).mp 86-88° C.;  1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.11(t, 3H), 2.66(t, 2H), 2.91(t, 3H), 3.96(q, 2H), 4.18(t, 2H), 6.83(d, 1H), 7.08(d, 1H), 7.21(m, 1H), 7.32(dd, 1H), 7.69(m, 1H), 7.93(d, 1H), 8.36(d, 1H), 8.43(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98.3%. 
       Example 9 
       [0063]    The compound 3(50 g, 13.24 mmol) and N,N-dimethyl formamide (18.0 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 70° C. A 27.0-32.0% solution (5.0 ml) of methylamine in ethanol was slowly added dropwise, and stirred for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (10.0 ml) was added to the reaction solution, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, to obtain the compound 4(4.8 g, yield 97.36%).mp 86-88° C.;  1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.11(t, 3H), 2.66(t, 2H), 2.91(t, 3H), 3.96(q, 2H), 4.18(t, 2H), 6.83(d, 1H), 7.08(d, 1H), 7.21(m, 1H), 7.32(dd, 1H), 7.69(m, 1H), 7.93(d, 1H), 8.36(d, 1H), 8.43(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98,9%. 
       Example 10 
       [0064]    The compound 3(5.0 g, 13.24 mmol) and N,N-dimethyl acetamide (18.0 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 70° C. A 27.0-32.0% solution (5.0 ml) of methylamine in ethanol was slowly added dropwise, and stirred for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (10.0 ml) was added to the reaction solution, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, to obtain the compound 4(4.9 g, yield 99.39%).mp 86-88° C.;  1 H-NMS(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.11(t, 3H), 2.66(t, 2H), 2.91 (t, 3H), 3.96(q, 2H), 4.18(t,, 2H), 6.83(d, 1H), 7.08(d, 1H), 7.21(m, 1H), 7.32(dd, 1H), 7.69(m, 1H), 7.93(d, 1H), 8.36(d, 1H), 8.43(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98.0%. 
       Example 11 
       [0065]    The compound 3(3.5 g, 9.40 mmol) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (12.6 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 70° C. A 27.0-32.0% solution (3.5 ml) of methylamine in ethanol was slowly added dropwise, and stirred for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (7.0 ml) was added to the reaction solution, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, to obtain the compound 4(3.4 g, yield 98.55%).mp 86-88° C.;  1 H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz)δ: 1.110. (t, 3H), 2.66(t, 2H), 2.91(t, 3H), 3.96(q, 2H), 4.18(t, 2H), 6.83(d, 1H), 7.08(d, 1H), 7.21(m, 1H), 7.32(dd, 1H), 7.69(ms 1H), 7.93(d, 1H), 8.36(d, 1H), 8.43(dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98.8%. 
       Example 12 
       [0066]    The compound 3(5.0 g, 13.24 mmol) and N,N-dimethyl acetamide (18.0 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 90°C. A 27.0-32.0% solution (5.0 ml) of methylamine in ethanol was slowly added dropwise, and stirred for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (10.0 ml) was added to the reaction solution, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, to obtain the compound 4 (4.8 g, yield 97.36%).mp 86-88° C. 1H-NMR(DMSO-d 6 , 400 MHz) δ: 1.11(t, 3H), 2.66 (t, 2H), 2.91 (t, 3H), 3.96 (q, 2H), 4.18 (t, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.32 (dd, 1H), 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H, 8.36 (d, 1H), 8.43 (dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98/4% 
       Example 13 
       [0067]    The compound 3 (3.5 g, 9.40 mmol) and N-methyl pyrrolidone (12.6 ml) were added to a reactor, and heated to 60° C. A 27.0-32.0% solution (3.5 ml) of methylamine in ethanol was slowly added dropwise, and stirred for 30 min. Ethyl acetate (7.0 ml) was added to the reaction solution, washed with water, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and filtered. The filtrate was evaporated to dryness, to obtain the compound 4 (3.4 g, yield 98.55%).mp 86-88° C.; 1H-NMR(DMSO-d6, 400 MHz) δ: 1.11 (t, 3H), 2.66 (t, 2H), 2.91 (t, 3H). 3.96 (q, 2H), 4.18 (t, 2H), 6.83 (d, 1H), 7.08 (d, 1H), 7.21 (m, 1H), 7.32 (dd, 1H), 7.69 (m, 1H), 7.93 (d, 1H), 8.36 (d, 1H), 8.43 (dd, 1H). Purity by HPLC: 98.4% 
         [0068]    Although the present invention is described above with reference to specific embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the description is merely illustrative, and many changes or modifications can be made to the embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention is as defined by the appended claims.