Abstract:
‘KinnowLS’ is a mid- to late-season maturing (depending on climate) diploid mandarin that combines large-sized fruit of excellent quality and production with low seed content even in mixed plantings. It may be successful in the mid-to-late season marketing window that currently has few low-seeded, high quality cultivars.

Description:
Latin name of the genus and species: The mandarin cultivar of this invention is botanically identified as  Citrus reticulata.    
     Variety denomination: The variety denomination is ‘KinnowLS’. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     ‘KinnowLS’ is a mandarin selection developed at Riverside, Calif. and derived from an irradiated bud of the diploid mandarin cultivar ‘Kinnow’ (unpatented), a mid-to-late season maturing variety. ‘Kinnow’ is a hybrid of two  Citrus  cultivars, ‘King’ (unpatented,  Citrus reticulata  ‘Blanco’) and ‘Willowleaf’ (unpatented,  Citrus reticulata  ‘Blanco’), which was first developed by H. B. Frost in Riverside, Calif. After evaluation, the ‘Kinnow’ was released as a new variety for commercial cultivation in 1935. 
     Irradiation of budwood from registered ‘Kinnow’ trees in Exeter, Calif., was accomplished in June of 1997 in Riverside, Calif. Specifically, irradiation of 150 buds of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin was accomplished using 40 Gray units of gamma irradiation from a Cobalt-60 irradiation source. Buds from this irradiation were propagated onto Carrizo rootstocks in a greenhouse in Exeter, Calif. where they were grown to field-plantable-sized trees. Out of these irradiations, a total of 73 trees were obtained. This low yield of trees is typical because the radiation kills many of the buds. These trees were then planted in May 1998 in Exeter, Calif. Fruit production and evaluation began in 2001. One selection from this irradiated population (propagated on Carrizo rootstock) distinguished itself from the others in having tree growth typical of ‘Kinnow’ mandarin, very low seed counts in comparison to the original ‘Kinnow’ cultivar, and excellent fruit quality and normal fruit production characteristic of the ‘Kinnow’ parent. After two seasons of fruiting, this selection was given the name ‘Kinnow IR5’ and selected for further trials. In January 2003, buds of this selection were taken and propagated onto Carrizo and C35 citrange rootstock for field trials. In June of 2004, 72 trees, produced in Exeter, Calif., were planted at six sites (twelve trees at each site): Arvin, Irvine, Lindcove, Thermal, Riverside, and Woodlake, Calif. All trials were propagated equally on Carrizo and C35 citrange rootstocks. All trials were in mixed-plantings with other cultivars, including seedy cultivars with high pollen viability. Fruit production of these propagated trees commenced in 2006 (a few trees at each site) and 2007 (all trees at all sites). In October 2008, budwood from the selected tree was sent to Exeter, Calif. for evaluation of disease status and, as needed, elimination of viruses and other pathogens. Six trees were then established as disease-free ‘mother’ trees in a greenhouse in Exeter, Calif. The properties of ‘KinnowLS’ were found to be true to type and transmissible by asexual reproduction in comparing these plantings with the original ‘KinnowLS’ selection. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     ‘KinnowLS’ is a mid-season maturing diploid mandarin that combines large-sized fruit of excellent quality and production with low seed content even in mixed plantings. It may be successful in the mid-to-late season marketing window that currently has few low-seeded, high quality cultivars. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         FIG. 1  shows fruit of ‘KinnowLS’ taken at Riverside in February. 
         FIG. 2  shows a side-by-side comparison of (left) ‘KinnowLS’ and (right) ‘Kinnow’. 
         FIG. 3  shows the eleven-year old mother tree on Carrizo citrange rootstock. 
         FIG. 4  shows a three-year old ‘KinnowLS’ tree in Exeter, Calif. 
         FIG. 5  shows the bud union of ‘KinnowLS’ on ‘Carrizo’ citrange rootstock, eleven-years old. 
         FIG. 6  shows fruit clusters on a three-year old ‘KinnowLS’ tree in Exeter, Calif. in the month of February. 
         FIG. 7  shows leaves of ‘KinnowLS’. 
         FIG. 8  shows open and closed flowers of ‘KinnowLS’. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     ‘KinnowLS’ is a mandarin selection developed at Riverside and Exeter, Calif. by mutation breeding of the mandarin cultivar ‘Kinnow’, for which harvest is typically begun from mid-January to mid-February, depending on location. Evaluation of ‘KinnowLS’ began on the original tree at Exeter, Calif. in 2001 and has continued annually until the present. ‘KinnowLS’ has been asexually reproduced by grafting (budding), using the standard T-bud method generally used to propagate  Citrus  in California. Asexual propagation of the selected tree was first accomplished in January 2003 at Exeter, Calif. to produce 72 trial trees on Carrizo and C35 rootstocks. 
     ‘KinnowLS’ distinguishes itself by being low seeded (2-3 seeds/fruit) in all situations of cross-pollination, while ‘Kinnow’ has 15-30 seeds per fruit in cross-pollinated situations. At Riverside, Calif. ‘KinnowLS’ matures in winter (mid-January) and holds its fruit quality characteristics through April. Fruit size is large for mandarins, classed as Jumbo by State of California standards and size 21 for industry packing standards. Fruit are oblate in shape with an orange rind color and a very smooth rind texture. Flesh is deep orange in color and finely-textured. Fruit are easy to peel and juicy, with a rich, sweet and distinctive flavor when mature. Tree growth habit is vertical and vigorous, producing a large and rather dense upright crown with excellent production commencing in the third year after planting. ‘KinnowLS’ is well adapted to growing in all California climate zones normally associated with  Citrus , including desert regions, because the fruit, which matures during January through April at most locations, does well in hot climates where it matures in December. Alternate bearing can be a problem in trees that are not culturally managed to reduce this tendency. 
     ‘KinnowLS’ mandarin can be grown according to accepted cultural practices for larger, more vigorous mandarin varieties, including planting densities of 180-250 trees per acre, normal fertilization and pest control practices, and the use of standard rootstocks for mandarins. Other rootstocks adapted to more marginal growing conditions of salinity, high pH or very heavy soils, including the lemon types  C. macrophylla , Volkameriana, and rough lemon, may be useful in those conditions but overall fruit quality would likely be affected negatively. Sour orange or mandarin type rootstocks such as Cleopatra might be more suitable in these marginal conditions since fruit quality would not be affected to the extent the lemon-type rootstocks impart. 
     ‘KinnowLS’ is a very vigorously growing tree and therefore pruning will likely be necessary to control this vigor. Such pruning should include topping the trees to control vertical growth and selective interior pruning to enhance production and health of the tree. These pruning procedures can be applied after the second year of full fruit production and regularly thereafter. 
     The Royal Horticulture Society (R.H.S.) color numbering system is used herein for the color description of the rind, seed, bark, leaf, flower, flesh color and other interest of the ‘KinnowLS’ mandarin cultivar. 
     Comparison With Existing Mandarins 
     A comparison of ‘KinnowLS’ with other low-seeded late-season mandarins is provided in Table 1 below. ‘KinnowLS’ is distinctive in having a very wide climatic growing area (including very hot desert areas), excellent production (though some tendency to alternate bear), and fruit quality characteristics (large size, shape, very smooth rind texture, and very rich, sweet flavor) that may be preferred in some markets. 
                                       TABLE 1               Comparison of ‘KinnowLS’ with other late season, low-seeded       mandarins. Data for Riverside, California.                                        ‘TDE2’   ‘TDE3’               (U.S. Plant Pat.    (U.S. Plant       Trait   ‘KinnowLS’   No. 15,461)   Pat. No. 15,703)               Maturity   Mid-February   February   January-February       Seeds per fruit   2.45   0.02   0.29       RHS rind color   Orange 25A   Orange-Red    Orange-Red               N30D   N30C       Rind texture   very smooth   slight pit   papillate       Fruit weight (g)    145   185   134       Fruit   0.81   0.78   0.85       height/width                   Alternate   medium-high   medium   medium-high       bearing                   ‘TDE4’       ‘Tango’           (U.S. Plant Pat.    ‘Gold Nugget’   (U.S. Plant       Trait   No. 16,289)   (unpatented)   Pat. No. 17,863)               Maturity   February   February-March   February       Seeds per fruit   0.32   &lt;0.1   0.22       RHS rind color   Orange-Red   Orange 25A   Orange N25A           N30C               Rind texture   smooth   bumpy   smooth       Fruit weight (g)    175   108   90       Fruit   0.78   0.88   0.81       height/width                   Alternate   medium-high   high   medium       bearing                    
Trees, Foliage, and Flowers
 
     Tree size and growth characteristics of ‘KinnowLS’ have been consistent with those of ‘Kinnow’ throughout the evaluations. Growth of both the ‘Kinnow’ and ‘KinnowLS’ varieties have been quite vigorous throughout the evaluation period, producing large, vertically growing trees with dense crowns. The eleven-year-old ‘KinnowLS’ mother tree at Lindcove, Calif. on Carrizo citrange rootstock, shown in  FIG. 3 , is 3.1 m high and 3.0 m wide with an upright, though beginning to spread, crown exhibiting a dense growth habit and yielding a canopy volume of 14.6 m 3 . In comparison, an eleven-year-old ‘Kinnow’ control tree has averaged 3.1 m tall and 2.9 m wide, yielding a canopy volume of 13.7 m 3  on Carrizo citrange rootstock. These trees are smaller than normal because they were in a very high density planting until surrounding trees were removed at 7 years-of-age. In the younger, multi-location trials with more typical tree spacing, five-year-old ‘KinnowLS’ trees on Carrizo rootstock have averaged 3.1 m in height and 2.9 m in diameter with canopy volumes of 13.7 m 3 . Trees on C35 rootstock averaged 3.2 m in height and 3.0 m in diameter with canopy volumes of 15.1 m 3 . 
     Bud unions are slightly benched, as shown in  FIG. 5 , resulting in a scion circumference for the eleven-year-old ‘KinnowLS’ mother tree on Carrizo rootstock of 44.5 cm with the rootstock circumference 56.5 cm measured 38 and 18 cm above the soil level, respectively. Scion circumference for five-year-old ‘KinnowLS’ trees on Carrizo rootstock averaged 40.0 cm with the rootstock circumference averaging 50.5 cm when measured about 25 and 15 cm above the soil level, respectively. Scion circumference for five-year-old ‘KinnowLS’ trees on C35 rootstock averaged 41.0 cm with the rootstock circumference averaging 51.5 cm when measured about 25 and 15 cm above the soil level, respectively. 
     Leaves of ‘KinnowLS’, as shown in  FIG. 7 , are moderately large for a mandarin (80.8 mm in length×25.5 mm in width), lanceolate in shape and concave in cross-section and are dark-green in color (adaxial — RHS Green 137A, abaxial — RHS Yellow-Green 146B). The leaves have an acute apex with occasional weak emargination and an acute base. Petioles are medium in length (10.1 mm) and normally lack wings. The selection further lacks thorns. 
     As shown in  FIG. 8 , flowers of ‘KinnowLS’ are hermaphroditic, borne in clusters, medium in length, with greenish-white (RHS Green White 157D, adaxial and abaxial) petals averaging 13.1 mm in length and 6.2 mm in width, and with about 18 anthers which are yellowish in color (Yellow 13B). The five sepals are rudimentary, yellow-green (RHS Yellow Green 1D) in color and partly fused into a calyx. The free portion of the sepals averages 1.53 mm in length and 1.97 mm in width. The fused portion is about 1.0 mm in length. Pollen is yellowish in color (RHS Yellow 12B). 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Tree, leaf, flower and seed characteristics (for eleven-year-old tree) of 
               
               
                 ‘KinnowLS’ mandarin on Carrizo. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1. 
                 Tree height 
                 3.1 m 
               
               
                 2. 
                 Crown diameter 
                 3.0 m 
               
               
                 3. 
                 Crown shape/density 
                 Upright, spreading with age and dense 
               
               
                 4. 
                 Scion circumference 
                 44.5 cm 
               
               
                 5. 
                 Height scion measured 
                 38 cm 
               
               
                   
                 above soil surface 
                   
               
               
                 6. 
                 Rootstock circumference 
                 56.5 cm 
               
               
                 7. 
                 Height Carrizo rootstock 
                 18 cm 
               
               
                   
                 measured above soil surface 
                   
               
               
                 8. 
                 Scion circumference z   
                 40.0 cm 
               
               
                 9. 
                 Rootstock circumference z   
                 50.5 cm 
               
               
                 10. 
                 Scion circumference y   
                 41.0 cm 
               
               
                 11. 
                 Rootstock circumference y   
                 51.5 cm 
               
               
                 12. 
                 Bud-union characteristics 
                 Slightly benched (scion diameter  
               
               
                   
                 (on citrange rootstock) 
                 smaller than rootstock) 
               
               
                 13. 
                 Rootstock-scion compatibility 
                 No evidence of incompatibility in  
               
               
                   
                   
                 trees Carrizo citrange at 11 years old  
               
               
                   
                   
                 (mother tree) or on C35 citrange at 7  
               
               
                   
                   
                 years old (trial trees) 
               
               
                 14. 
                 Tree vigor 
                 Vigorous 
               
               
                 15. 
                 Bark color 
                 RHS Grey-Brown N199A 
               
               
                 16. 
                 Leaf shape 
                 Lanceolate 
               
               
                 17. 
                 Leaf cross-section 
                 Concave 
               
               
                 18. 
                 Leaf blade length 
                 80.8 mm 
               
               
                 19. 
                 Leaf blade width 
                 25.5 mm 
               
               
                 20. 
                 Leaf apex 
                 Acute with weak emargination 
               
               
                 21. 
                 Leaf base 
                 Acute 
               
               
                 22. 
                 Leaf margins 
                 Very slightly crenate 
               
               
                 23. 
                 Leaf abaxial color 
                 RHS Yellow-Green 146B 
               
               
                 24. 
                 Leaf adaxial color 
                 RHS Green 137A 
               
               
                 25. 
                 Petiole length 
                 10.1 mm ± 0.7 
               
               
                 26. 
                 Petiole width 
                 1.5 mm 
               
               
                 27. 
                 Petiole wings 
                 Absent 
               
               
                 28. 
                 Petiole color 
                 RHS Green 137A 
               
               
                 29. 
                 Thorniness 
                 Not present 
               
               
                 30. 
                 Inflorescence type 
                 Clustered 
               
               
                 31. 
                 Flowering habit 
                 Flowers once per year 
               
               
                 32. 
                 Flower structure 
                 Complete 
               
               
                 33. 
                 Bud length 
                 12.2 mm 
               
               
                   
                 (one day before opening) 
                   
               
               
                 34. 
                 Bud width  
                 7.5 mm 
               
               
                   
                 (one day before opening) 
                   
               
               
                 35. 
                 Bud shape  
                 oblong 
               
               
                   
                 (one day before opening) 
                   
               
               
                 36. 
                 Petal number 
                 5 
               
               
                 37. 
                 Sepal number 
                 5 
               
               
                 38. 
                 Petal length 
                 13.1 mm 
               
               
                 39. 
                 Petal width 
                 6.2 mm 
               
               
                 40. 
                 Petal apex 
                 acute 
               
               
                 41. 
                 Petal base 
                 truncate 
               
               
                 42. 
                 Petal color (adaxial) 
                 RHS Green-White 157D 
               
               
                 43. 
                 Petal color (abaxial) 
                 RHS Green-White 157D 
               
               
                 44. 
                 Petal shape 
                 elliptic 
               
               
                 45. 
                 Petal margin 
                 smooth 
               
               
                 46. 
                 Sepal number 
                 5 
               
               
                 47. 
                 Sepal color 
                 RHS Yellow-Green 1D 
               
               
                 48. 
                 Sepal shape 
                 partly fused, tips attenuate 
               
               
                 49. 
                 Sepal length (free portion) 
                 1.53 mm 
               
               
                 50. 
                 Sepal width 
                 1.97 mm 
               
               
                 51. 
                 Number of anthers 
                 18 (range 17-20) 
               
               
                 52. 
                 Anther color 
                 RHS Yellow 13B 
               
               
                 53. 
                 Pollen color 
                 RHS Yellow 12B 
               
               
                 54. 
                 Pollen viability 
                 Moderately low (15-25%) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   z,y Bud union measurements are averages for 5-year-old trial trees on Carrizo z  or C35 y  measured about 10 cm above (for scion) and 10 cm below (for rootstock) budunion, generally about 15 and 25 cm above soil. 
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Pollen viability for ‘KinnowLS’ is moderately low (15-25% germination) in comparison to ‘Kinnow’ (˜70% germination), and pollen production in comparison to normal ‘Kinnow’ is significantly reduced. These pollen characteristics suggest that ‘KinnowLS’ will not cause appreciable seediness in adjacent varieties. Crosses of ‘KinnowLS’ pollen onto Clemenules and W. Murcott gave low fruit set (6 and 9% respectively) and fruit set from these pollinations had few seeds (average 1.8 and 2.2 seeds/fruit respectively). 
     Fruiting, Fruit and Production Characteristics 
     As shown in  FIG. 1 , fruit of ‘KinnowLS’ are oblate in shape with no neck. The fruit has a rounded basal end which is flattened at the stem attachment point with a truncate (slightly depressed) distal end. The fruit is large-sized for a mandarin (classed as Jumbo by State of California standards and size 21 for industry packing standards) averaging 2.7 in (68.0 mm) in diameter and 2.2 in (55.2 mm) in height. Fruit average 0.32 lb (145 g) in weight. It has a very smooth, orange color rind and slightly conspicuous, slightly depressed oil glands. The rind is slightly adherent at maturity and relatively thin, averaging 0.1 in (2.5 mm) in thickness. Fruit peel easily. The fruit interior has a moderately fine flesh texture with 10-11 segments and is quite juicy, averaging 49% juice. Fruit from trees on Carrizo and C35 citrange rootstocks average 12.2-13.9% soluble solids and 1.26-2.09% acid in mid-January at four trial locations in California increasing in soluble solids to 13.5-15.8% with acid decreasing to 0.97-1.98% in mid-February. By mid-March juice averaged 13.3-17.0% soluble solids and 0.80-1.87% acid. Fruit generally continue to increase in soluble solids and decrease in acidity well into April and May at all trial sites. See Tables 4a-4b below for mean and standard deviation of soluble solids, acid and solids/acid ratio for ‘KinnowLS’ on various rootstocks from 2007 to 2009. The earliest recommended harvest date occurs when fruit reach average soluble solids content of at least 12% and an average acid content of less than 1.2%. This may occur as early as late November in hot desert regions (Coachella Valley of Calif.), but can be as late as early April in cool locations (Irvine, Calif.) or years (2008-9). 
     Based on evaluation of an average of 1500 fruit per location, fruit average 2.45 seeds per fruit in the presence of heavy cross-pollination at all locations from 2007 to 2009. Rarely, individual fruit may have 4-7 seeds. In the 2010-11 season one tree was identified with a branch on which most fruit had high seed content (more than 10 seeds/fruit). However, for 5200 fruit sampled from trail trees during 2009-10 and 2010-2011, the percentage of seedy fruit was about 0.06%. Seeds are polyembryonic. See Table 5 below for average number of seeds per fruit for ‘KinnowLS’ and ‘Kinnow’ (control trees) from 2007 to 2009. Seeds are polyembryonic, with a wrinkled surface and greyed yellow seed coat (RHS 161C). Seeds average about 140 mg in weight, with about 10% of seeds much smaller and apparently lacking developed embryos. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 3 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Fruit characteristics of ‘KinnowLS’ mandarin at maturity 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1. 
                 Fruit shape 
                 Oblate 
               
               
                 2. 
                 Fruit diameter 
                 68.0 mm ± 2.8 
               
               
                 3. 
                 Fruit height 
                 55.2 mm ± 2.1 
               
               
                 4. 
                 Aspect ratio (height/diameter) 
                 0.81 
               
               
                 5. 
                 Fruit: shape of basal end 
                 Rounded (flattened at stem) 
               
               
                 6. 
                 Fruit: shape of distal end 
                 Truncate (slightly depressed) 
               
               
                 7. 
                 Fruit: distal end areola 
                 Present but faint 
               
               
                 8. 
                 Fruit: distal end areola diameter 
                 18.8 mm 
               
               
                 9. 
                 Fruit neck 
                 Not present 
               
               
                 10. 
                 Style 
                 Not persistent 
               
               
                 11. 
                 Rind texture 
                 Very smooth 
               
               
                 12. 
                 Oil glands 
                 Slightly conspicuous, slightly  
               
               
                   
                   
                 depressed 
               
               
                 13. 
                 Rind Color 
                 RHS Orange 25A 
               
               
                 14. 
                 Rind thickness 
                 2.5 mm 
               
               
                 15. 
                 Albedo thickness 
                 1.5 mm 
               
               
                 16. 
                 Albedo color 
                 RHS Orange-White 159A 
               
               
                 17. 
                 Rind adherence 
                 Medium-Low 
               
               
                 18. 
                 Rind separation 
                 Slight 
               
               
                 19. 
                 Flesh (pulp) color 
                 RHS Orange N25B 
               
               
                 20. 
                 Flesh (pulp) texture 
                 Moderately fine 
               
               
                 21. 
                 Number of segments 
                 10-11 
               
               
                 22. 
                 Axis: structure 
                 Semi-solid 
               
               
                 23. 
                 Axis: size 
                 Medium 
               
               
                 24. 
                 Navel presence 
                 Not present 
               
               
                 25. 
                 # Seeds/fruit (mean) 
                 2.45 (cross-pollinated conditions) 
               
               
                 26. 
                 Seed embryony 
                 Polyembryonic 
               
               
                 27. 
                 Seed coat color 
                 Greyed-Yellow 161C 
               
               
                 28. 
                 Seed cotyledon color 
                 Greyed-Yellow 160C 
               
               
                 29. 
                 Seed inner coat color 
                 Greyed-Brown 199D 
               
               
                 30. 
                 Seed weight 
                 140 mg 
               
               
                 31. 
                 Seed length 
                 12.2 mm 
               
               
                 32. 
                 Seed width 
                 6.0 mm 
               
               
                 33. 
                 Seed thickness 
                 4.2 mm 
               
               
                 34. 
                 Fruit weight 
                 145 g 
               
               
                 35. 
                 % Juice 
                 49.1% 
               
               
                 36. 
                 % Soluble solids (at peak maturity) 
                 14.7% 
               
               
                 37. 
                 % Acid (at peak maturity) 
                 1.18% 
               
               
                 38. 
                 Season of maturity 
                 Late (January-May in Northern 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Hemisphere) 
               
               
                 39. 
                 Fruit holding ability 
                 Excellent (6-8 weeks) 
               
               
                   
                 on tree past maturity 
                   
               
               
                 40. 
                 Fruit quality after storage 
                 Very Good 
               
               
                   
                 (5.6° C., 30 days) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4a 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Mean of soluble solids, acid and solids/acid ratio for 
               
               
                 ‘KinnowLS’ on Carrizo and C35 citrange rootstock at 
               
               
                 four trial sites for the 2007/8 crop year. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Tree Age 
                 Soluble 
                 Soluble 
               
               
                   
                 Dates 
                   
                 In 2008 
                 Solids % 
                 Solids % 
               
               
                 Site 
                 Sampled 
                 # Trees 
                 (yrs) 
                 Carrrizo 
                 C35 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Jan. 15, 2008 
                 6 
                 4 
                 13.2 
                 13.1 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Feb. 14, 2008 
                 5 
                 4 
                 14.6 
                 14.8 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Mar. 12, 2008 
                 3 
                 4 
                 16.5 
                 16.6 
               
               
                 Lindcove  
                 Jan. 14, 2008 
                 6 
                 4 
                 13.0 
                 12.8 
               
               
                 Lindcove  
                 Feb. 12, 2008 
                 6 
                 4 
                 14.5 
                 14.3 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Mar. 13, 2008 
                 3 
                 4 
                 16.4 
                 16.9 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Jan. 16, 2008 
                 6 
                 4 
                 12.2 
                 12.3 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Feb. 15, 2008 
                 6 
                 4 
                 13.9 
                 13.5 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Mar. 11, 2008 
                 4 
                 4 
                 15.1 
                 14.6 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Jan. 15, 2008 
                 6 
                 4 
                 13.6 
                 13.1 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Feb. 13, 2008 
                 6 
                 4 
                 14.8 
                 14.4 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Mar. 14, 2008 
                 4 
                 4 
                 15.7 
                 15.6 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 S/A  
                 S/A  
               
               
                   
                 Dates 
                 % Acid 
                 % Acid  
                 Ratio 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                 Site 
                 Sampled 
                 Carrizo 
                 C35 
                 Carrizo 
                 C35 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Jan. 15, 2008 
                 1.60 
                 1.66 
                 8.3 
                 7.9 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Feb. 14, 2008 
                 1.41 
                 1.45 
                 10.4 
                 10.2 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Mar. 12, 2008 
                 1.19 
                 1.25 
                 13.7 
                 13.3 
               
               
                 Lindcove  
                 Jan. 14, 2008 
                 1.29 
                 1.36 
                 10.1 
                 9.4 
               
               
                 Lindcove  
                 Feb. 12, 2008 
                 1.20 
                 1.26 
                 12.1 
                 11.3 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Mar. 13, 2008 
                 0.91 
                 0.90 
                 18.0 
                 18.8 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Jan. 16, 2008 
                 1.88 
                 1.69 
                 6.5 
                 7.3 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Feb. 15, 2008 
                 1.50 
                 1.56 
                 9.3 
                 8.7 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Mar. 11, 2008 
                 1.21 
                 1.18 
                 12.5 
                 12.4 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Jan. 15, 2008 
                 1.20 
                 1.23 
                 11.3 
                 10.7 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Feb. 13, 2008 
                 1.03 
                 1.07 
                 14.4 
                 13.5 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Mar. 14, 2008 
                 0.88 
                 0.90 
                 17.8 
                 17.3 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 4b 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Mean of soluble solids, acid and solids/acid ratio for 
               
               
                 ‘KinnowLS’ on Carrizo and C35 citrange rootstock at 
               
               
                 four trial sites for the 2008/9 crop year. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Tree Age 
                 Soluble 
                 Soluble 
               
               
                   
                 Dates 
                 # 
                 In 2009 
                 Solids % 
                 Solids % 
               
               
                 Site 
                 Sampled 
                 Trees 
                 (yrs) 
                 Carrrizo 
                 C35 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Jan. 15, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 15.6 
                 16.5 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Feb. 4, 2009 
                 5 
                 5 
                 15.8 
                 15.8 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Feb. 25, 2009 
                 5 
                 5 
                 16.2 
                 16.5 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Mar. 16, 2009 
                 3 
                 5 
                 16.9 
                 17.0 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Jan. 13, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 13.4 
                 13.9 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Feb. 2, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 13.4 
                 14.5 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Mar. 14, 2009 
                 3 
                 5 
                 14.0 
                 14.4 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Apr. 1, 2009 
                 3 
                 5 
                 15.6 
                 15.5 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Jan. 7, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 13.7 
                 13.9 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Jan. 26, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 13.5 
                 14.3 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Feb. 24, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 13.4 
                 14.6 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Mar. 16, 2009 
                 4 
                 5 
                 13.4 
                 14.7 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Mar. 30, 2009 
                 4 
                 5 
                 13.4 
                 14.9 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Jan. 14, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 13.3 
                 12.3 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Feb. 3, 2009 
                 6 
                 5 
                 12.6 
                 12.1 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Mar. 14, 2009 
                 4 
                 5 
                 13.3 
                 13.4 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Apr. 1, 2009 
                 4 
                 5 
                 15.3 
                 14.1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                   
                 S/A 
                 S/A 
               
               
                   
                 Dates 
                 % Acid 
                 % Acid 
                 Ratio 
                 Ratio 
               
               
                 Site 
                 Sampled 
                 Carrizo 
                 C35 
                 Carrizo 
                 C35 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Jan. 15, 2009 
                 2.09 
                 2.21 
                 7.5 
                 7.5 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Feb. 4, 2009 
                 1.78 
                 1.98 
                 8.9 
                 8.0 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Feb. 25, 2009 
                 1.68 
                 1.99 
                 9.6 
                 8.3 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 Mar. 16, 2009 
                 1.50 
                 1.87 
                 11.3 
                 9.1 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Jan. 13, 2009 
                 1.26 
                 1.47 
                 10.6 
                 9.5 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Feb. 2, 2009 
                 1.18 
                 1.17 
                 11.4 
                 12.4 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Mar. 14, 2009 
                 0.80 
                 0.97 
                 17.5 
                 14.8 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 Apr. 1, 2009 
                 0.70 
                 0.89 
                 22.3 
                 17.4 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Jan. 7, 2009 
                 1.88 
                 2.11 
                 7.3 
                 6.6 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Jan. 26, 2009 
                 1.79 
                 2.62 
                 7.5 
                 5.5 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Feb. 24, 2009 
                 1.64 
                 1.94 
                 8.2 
                 7.5 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Mar. 16, 2009 
                 1.37 
                 1.77 
                 9.8 
                 8.3 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 Mar. 30, 2009 
                 1.18 
                 1.59 
                 11.4 
                 9.4 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Jan. 14, 2009 
                 1.17 
                 1.16 
                 11.4 
                 10.6 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Feb. 3, 2009 
                 0.97 
                 1.11 
                 13.0 
                 10.9 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Mar. 14, 2009 
                 0.80 
                 0.87 
                 16.6 
                 15.4 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 Apr. 1, 2009 
                 0.76 
                 0.75 
                 20.1 
                 18.8 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 5 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Seed counts (average number of seeds per fruit) for 
               
               
                 ‘KinnowLS’ and ‘Kinnow’ (control trees) at four trial 
               
               
                 sites over two years, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009. 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Tree Age  
                   
               
               
                   
                   
                 #  
                 In 2009 
                   
               
               
                 Site 
                 Selection 
                 Trees 
                 (yrs) 
                 Rootstock 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 5 
                 5 
                 C35 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 3 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 C35 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 3 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’  
                 1 
                 11 
                 Carrizo 
               
               
                   
                 (mother tree) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 C35 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 4 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 C35 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 4 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 2007/8 
                 2008/9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Mean Seeds/Fruit 
                 Mean Seeds/Fruit 
               
               
                 Site 
                 Selection 
                 (range/tree) 
                 (range/tree) 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Riverside 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 2.4  
                 (1.6-3.0) 
                 2.3  
                 (2.1-3.0) 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 2.2  
                 (1.5-2.9) 
                 2.4  
                 (1.9-3.1) 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 ‘Kinnow’ 
                 18.9  
                 (17.4-20.6)  
                 20.8  
                 (18.8-22.1) 
               
               
                   
                 control 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 2.8  
                 (2.3-3.1) 
                 2.6  
                 (2.2-2.9) 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 2.4  
                 (1.7-2.9) 
                 2.5  
                 (2.0-3.0) 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘Kinnow’ 
                 26.2  
                 (22.1-27.5)  
                 22.3  
                 (19.7-23.7) 
               
               
                   
                 control 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 2.4 
                 2.1 
               
               
                   
                 (mother tree) 
                   
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Irvine 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 2.0  
                 (1.7-2.8) 
                 1.8  
                 (0.8-2.3) 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 1.9  
                 (1.4-2.6) 
                 2.4  
                 (1.4-2.9) 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 ‘Kinnow’ 
                 20.6  
                 (17.8-22.1)  
                 18.6  
                 (16.9-19.7) 
               
               
                   
                 control 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 1.6  
                 (0.8-1.9) 
                 1.8  
                 (0.9-2.2) 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 1.4  
                 (1.0-2.0) 
                 1.5  
                 (0.7-2.1) 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 ‘Kinnow’ 
                 22.1  
                 (18.6-24.5)  
                 17.9  
                 (17.3-18.4) 
               
               
                   
                 control 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 % Fruit with 
               
               
                   
                   
                   
                 0-3 seeds 
               
               
                   
                 Site 
                 Selection 
                 (2008/9) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                   
                 Riverside 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 87.3 
               
               
                   
                 Riverside 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 88.8 
               
               
                   
                 Riverside 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 86.9 
               
               
                   
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 90.7 
               
               
                   
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 Lindcove 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ (mother tree) 
                 89.1 
               
               
                   
                 Irvine 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 86.5 
               
               
                   
                 Irvine 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 91.4 
               
               
                   
                 Irvine 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 0 
               
               
                   
                 Arvin 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 91.2 
               
               
                   
                 Arvin 
                 ‘KinnowLS’ 
                 87.1 
               
               
                   
                 Arvin 
                 ‘Kinnow’ control 
                 0 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Full fruit production of ‘KinnowLS’ normally begins in the third year after planting, however trees can be precocious and set some fruit in the second year after planting.  FIGS. 4 and 6  illustrate fruit production on a three-year old tree. ‘KinnowLS’, is similar to ‘Kinnow’ in reaching high production levels relatively quickly. Mean yield of five year-old trees ranged from 152-211 lb (69-96 kg) on Carrizo rootstock and 165-196 lb (75-89 kg) on C35 rootstock at the four fruiting trial sites. The original ‘KinnowLS’ mother tree at Lindcove, Calif. produced 156 lb (71 kg) in the fifth year and in years 9, 10 and 11 yielded 191, 101, 240 lb of fruit respectively, which indicates that the variety has somewhat of a tendency to alternate bearing. In this respect, it is similar to ‘Kinnow’, which can exhibit severe alternate bearing if the crop is not managed to reduce overproduction in ‘on’ years. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 6 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Crop yields for ‘KinnowLS’ and ‘Kinnow’ (control trees) at three trial 
               
               
                 sites over two years, 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                   
                 Tree Age 
                   
                 2007/8 
               
               
                   
                   
                 #  
                 in 2009 
                   
                 Mean 
               
               
                 Site 
                 Selection 
                 Trees 
                 (yrs) 
                 Rootstock 
                 Yield (kg) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
                 40 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 5 
                 5 
                 C35 
                 32 
               
               
                 Riverside  
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 3 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
                 36 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
                 59 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 C35 
                 63 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 3 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
                 52 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 1 
                 11 
                 Carrizo 
                 46 
               
               
                   
                 (mother tree) 
                   
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
                 44 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 C35 
                 47 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 4 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
                 39 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 Carrizo 
                 70 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 6 
                 5 
                 C35 
                 73 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 4 
                 5 
                 Carrizo/C35 
                 64 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                   
                 2007/8 
                 2008/9 
                 2008/9 
               
               
                   
                   
                 Yield Range 
                 Mean 
                 Yield Range 
               
               
                 Site 
                 Selection 
                 (kg) 
                 Yield (kg) 
                 (kg) 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 28-46 
                 71 
                 59-83 
               
               
                 Riverside 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 20-36 
                 75 
                 48-89 
               
               
                 Riverside  
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 32-39 
                 62 
                 51-74 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 49-66 
                 69 
                 22-90 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 54-71 
                 78 
                 55-87 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 45-58 
                 28 
                 17-31 
               
               
                 Lindcove 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 46 
                 109 
                 109 
               
               
                   
                 (mother tree) 
                   
                   
                   
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 35-50 
                 72 
                 33-91 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 34-55 
                 76 
                 53-88 
               
               
                 Irvine 
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 30-44 
                 58 
                 31-80 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 61-86 
                 96 
                  81-110 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 &#39;KinnowLS’ 
                 60-89 
                 89 
                  78-112 
               
               
                 Arvin 
                 &#39;Kinnow’ control 
                 55-74 
                 91 
                  75-105 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
     Fruit storage trials included storage of washed but not waxed fruit at 5.6° C. for up to 30 days with fruit samples taken every 15 days for analysis. Data indicates that the storage characteristics of ‘KinnowLS’ are very good with very little measureable loss of rind quality or color, no significant loss in juice quality or deterioration in taste, and no significant indication of fungal or other disease problems over the 30 day storage period. Overall ‘KinnowLS’ can be considered to be very good in storage ability for 4-6 weeks under controlled environment storage conditions. 
     No susceptibilities to plant or fruit diseases, or to pests, beyond those normally associated with  Citrus  species, have been observed.