Abstract:
In a system and method for displaying properties on an object, an imager is configured to capture an image of an object of interest and generate image data from the captured image, wherein the image data comprise information of the object of interest that cannot be detected by the naked eye, and an image processing unit transforms the imaged data into a viewable format. An image projector displays an image in accordance with the Image data transformed by the image processing unit onto the object of interest.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention relates generally to imaging technology and, more particularly, to a system and method for displaying properties onto an object or life form. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    A thermal image can be used to see invisible heat variations of a target object. To view the thermal image, the user must obtain a thermal imager and look through the viewer of the thermal imager. Alternatively, the video output of the thermal imager can be remotely viewed on a TV or computer monitor. It would be desirable to obtain and view images in a manner more convenient to users. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0003]    According to an aspect of the invention, a system and method for displaying properties on an object includes an imager configured to capture an image of an object of interest and generate image data from the captured image, wherein the image data comprises information of the object of interest that cannot be detected by the naked eye, and an image processing unit that transforms the image data into a viewable format. The system and method further includes an image projector that displays an image in accordance with the image data transformed by the image processing unit onto the object of interest. 
         [0004]    According to another aspect of the invention, the image is displayed in direct proportion dimensionally to the object of interest. 
         [0005]    Further features, aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the detailed description of preferred embodiments that follows, when considered together with the accompanying figures of drawing. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a display system consistent with the present invention. 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  is an example of an arrangement of optics for use in the display system of  FIG. 1   
           [0008]      FIGS. 3A-3D  are examples of adjustments made for aligning the field of view of the imager with the projection of the image projector of the display system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  is an example of an area that can be covered using the display system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  is an example of a thermal image of a human. 
           [0011]      FIGS. 6A-6D  show an example of imaging, processing, and projecting a vector outline image on an object of interest consistent with the present invention. 
           [0012]      FIGS. 7A-7D  show an example of imaging, processing, and projecting a raster line image on an object of interest consistent with the present invention. 
           [0013]      FIG. 8  is an example of a control panel that can be used in the display system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0014]      FIG. 9  is an example of projecting an image on objects of interest at a distance consistent with the present invention. 
           [0015]      FIG. 10  is an example of highlighting objects of interest in the example of FIG. 
           [0016]      FIG. 11  is an example of providing a frame to the highlighted objects of interest in the example of  FIG. 10 . 
           [0017]      FIGS. 12A-12C  show examples of varying frame shapes that can be projected in the display system of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0018]      FIG. 13  is an example of an alternative application of the system of  FIG. 1  for controlling a fire. 
           [0019]      FIG. 14  is an example of an alternative application of the system of  FIG. 1  for controlling an air mass. 
           [0020]      FIG. 15  is an example of an application of the display system of  FIG. 1  for identifying stress areas in a bridge. 
           [0021]      FIGS. 16A-16B  are examples of an application of the display system of  FIG. 1  for identifying hot spots in an electrical power apparatus. 
           [0022]      FIG. 17  is an example of an application of the display system of  FIG. 1  for displaying the contents of a container. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
       [0023]    In a display system consistent with the present invention, an observer can see an object or life form in a manner that cannot be seen with the naked eye. Such properties are extracted from data that is provided by either a thermal imager, an x-ray machine or any other examining device capable of revealing properties that are contained in or radiating from the object or life form that are not visible to the human eye. These properties can also be, for example, the contrasting phenomenon created by the object or life form and its physical surroundings, as detected by the examining device. 
         [0024]    The detected properties are displayed onto the object or life form by the projection of light. This projection of light onto the object or life form can either be a direct representation of the data obtained from the examining device or a pertinent extraction thereof. Furthermore, the properties displayed onto the object or life form are preferably displayed in such a way so as to be in direct proportion dimensionally to the properties that are found by the examining device to be contained in or radiating from the object or life form. The result of the projection enables anyone in the proximity of the projection to see the properties displayed onto the object or life form that is being detected by the imager. 
         [0025]      FIG. 1  is a block diagram of a display system consistent with the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 1 , the display system includes an object of interest  10  (hereinafter object  10 ), an imager  20 , an image projector  30 , an image processing unit  40 , a control panel  50 , and a mechanical adjuster  60 . The object  10  can be any type of object or life form that can be viewed and captured by the imager  20 . For example, the object  10  may be humans, animals, buildings, containers, bridges, electrical power apparatuses, etc. 
         [0026]    The imager  20  can be implemented, for example, as a thermal imager, an X-ray machine, or any other type of imaging device that can detect and capture characteristics of an object that cannot be seen with the naked eye, such as multi-spectral imagers, radio-wave imagers, electromagnetic field imagers, ultrasonic imagers, ultraviolet imagers, gamma ray imagers, microwave imagers, radar imagers, magnetic resonance imagers (MRIs), and infrared imagers (near, mid, and far, which is the thermal infrared imager). The image projector  30  can be implemented, for example, as a laser projector or video projector. An exemplary commercially available laser projector is the Colorburst by Lumalaser. The image processing unit  40  preferably includes processing hardware, such as a CPU, microprocessor, or multi-processor unit, software configured to transform image data captured by the imager  20  into projection data that can be displayed by the image projector  30 , and memory or storage for storing the software and other instructions used by the image processing unit  40  to perform its functions. To transform the image data captured by the imager  20  into projection data that can be displayed by the image projector  30 , the image processing unit  40  can be configured with commercially available software applications, such as the LD2000 from Pangolin Laser Systems Inc. 
         [0027]    The control panel  50  preferably includes a display, such as an LCD, plasma, or CRT screen, and an input unit, such as a keyboard, pointing device, and/or touch pad. The display of the control panel  50  shows the image captured by the imager  20 . The input unit includes various controls that permit the user to make changes to the display system, such as the field of view of the imager  20 , the positioning of the imager  20  and the image projector  30 , and the addition of elements to be projected by the image projector  30 . 
         [0028]    In general, the image projector  30  can be mounted on top of the imager  20 , although other configurations, such as side by side, are also possible. Regardless of the arrangement between them, the mechanical adjuster  60  adjusts the relative positioning of the imager  20  with respect to the image projector  30 . To obtain a proper alignment between the image projector  30  and the imager  20 , the mechanical adjuster  60  adjusts the vertical, horizontal and axial (azimuth) positioning of the imager  20  and/or the image projector  30 . The imager  20  and the image projector  30  are properly aligned when the image captured by the imager  30  is aligned with the image projected by the image projector  30 . The adjustment by the mechanical adjuster  60  can be made to either the imager  20  or the image projector  30  or to both. In addition, the adjustment of the mechanical adjuster  60  can be done manually by a user or can be done automatically through inputs made to the control panel  50 . As will be described herein, the control panel  50  can be used to provide electronic adjustments, independent of the mechanical adjuster  60 , to provide further refinements to the alignment of the imager  20  and the image projector  30 . 
         [0029]      FIG. 2  is an example of an arrangement of optics for use in the display system of  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 2 , the display system can be configured to include an optical system comprising a mirror  72  and a transmitter/reflector  74 . The transmitter/reflector  74  is designed to transmit or pass through certain electromagnetic waves and to reflect certain other electromagnetic waves. For example, the transmitter/reflector  74  can have a certain threshold such that electromagnetic waves with a wavelength under the threshold (e.g., visible light) are reflected, and electromagnetic waves with a wavelength greater than the threshold (e.g., thermal waves) are transmitted. 
         [0030]    As shown in  FIG. 2 , the imager  20 , such as a thermal imager, receives electromagnetic waves having a 9 micron wavelength, which is transmitted through transmitter/reflector  74 . The image projector  30 , such as a laser projector, projects an image comprising electromagnetic waves having a 0.5 micron wavelength onto the mirror  72 , which reflects the electromagnetic waves to the transmitter/reflector  74 . Because the electromagnetic waves from the image projector  30  are sufficiently short, i.e., shorter than the threshold of the transmitter/reflector  74 , the transmitter/reflector  74  reflects the light waves from the image projector toward the object imaged by the imager  30 . 
         [0031]      FIGS. 3A-3D  are examples of adjustments made for aligning the field of view of the imager with the projection of the image projector of the display system of  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIGS. 3A-3D , the double, solid line box corresponds to the optical field of view of the imager  20 , and the dashed-line box corresponds to the perimeter of the projection of the image projector  30 . In  FIG. 3A , the projection of the image projector  30  is off-axis from the optical field of view of the imager  20 . To correct for this misalignment, the mechanical adjuster  60  is used to change the axial (azimuth) positions of the imager  20  and the image projector  30  with respect to each other. 
         [0032]    In  FIG. 3B , the projection of the image projector  30  is smaller in the vertical and horizontal directions with respect to the optical field of view of the imager  20 . To correct for this misalignment, an electronic adjustment of the projection of the image projector  30  can be made. The electronic adjustment can be made, for example, through the control panel  50  or through a direct adjustment on the image projector  30 . The electronic adjustment can be used to adjust the vertical and horizontal size of the projection of the image projector  30 . The electronic adjustment can also be made to adjust the vertical and horizontal size of the imager  20 , i.e., the field of view of the imager  20 , through the control panel  50  or through direct adjustment of the imager  20 . 
         [0033]    In  FIG. 3C , the projection of the image projector  30  is too low and too far to the left from the optical field of view of the imager  20 . To correct for this position misalignment, the projection of the image projector  30  is adjusted to center the projection horizontally and vertically. This adjustment can be done using the mechanical adjuster  60  and/or the electronic adjustment. 
         [0034]      FIG. 3D  shows the projection of the image projector  30  properly aligned with the optical field of view of the imager  20 . By making this alignment, the image projector  30  can project an image onto the object  10  that is in direct proportion dimensionally to the object  10  itself. There is alignment when the dashed-line box is within the double, line box. 
         [0035]      FIG. 4  is an example of an area that can be covered using the display system of  FIG. 1 . In general, the wider the field of view of the imager  20 , the shorter the distance at which the imager  20  can effectively detect objects. Conversely, the shorter the field of view of the imager  20 , the farther the distance at which the imager  20  can effective detect objects. In  FIG. 4 , if the imager  20  is implemented as a thermal imager, such as the Raytheon 640×480 Common Uncooled Engine, then with a horizontal field of view at 45 degrees, the imager  20  can detect objects or activity up to 2000 feet away. At this distance, the field of view would measure at 1500 feet×1125 feet. At ground level, this would cover 1,500,000 square feet. In a vertical plane at 2000 feet, the imager would detect 1,687,500 square feet. 
         [0036]    At night or at twilight, the images projected by the image projector  30  can be seen very clearly at distances of better than 2000 feet. When implemented as a laser projector, the image projector  30  projects a sharp image that does not need to be focused. To be visible, the laser used is preferably in the green wavelength, around 532 nm. The color green is preferable because it is the brightest color perceptible to the human eye, although other visible colors can be used. The field of view, with a display system viewing at 45 degrees, can be expanded to 360 degrees by using multiple units side by side each viewing 45 degrees until 360 degrees are obtained. 
         [0037]    The imager  20  can be implemented with a lens assembly that allows only 3 to 6 degrees field of view horizontally, but providing an ability to capture images at greater distances. Such an implementation could be useful at border crossings. At 3 to 6 degrees field of view, the imager  20  can detect a human presence up to and sometimes well over a mile away. In addition, even low powered lasers emitted by the image projector  30  can be seen at these distances. 
         [0038]      FIG. 5  is an example of a thermal image of a human. As shown in  FIG. 5 , the imager  20 , implemented as a thermal imager, captures the thermal image of a human. The captured image is processed by the image processing unit  40  and provided to the image projector  30 , which projects the thermal image of the human directly onto the human. 
         [0039]      FIGS. 6A-6D  show an example of imaging, processing, and projecting a vector outline image on an object of interest consistent with the present invention.  FIG. 6A  shows the video output from the imager  20 , such as when implemented as a thermal imager. The video output from the imager  20  can be displayed on the display of the control panel  50 . 
         [0040]      FIG. 6B  shows the image of the object  10  captured by the imager  20  after converting the analog signal provided by the imager  20  into a digital signal and adjusting the contrast and brightness so that the highest contrast can be seen against the background. The analog to digital conversion and brightness and contrast adjustment are performed by the image processing unit  40 . With this contrast against the background, as shown in  FIG. 6C , a vector outline is generated where white meets black. The generation of the vector outline can also be performed by the image processing unit  40 , and can be implemented in the image processing unit  40  with a vector graphics software program as are know in the art. 
         [0041]    The image data corresponding to the vector outline generated by the image processing unit is provided to the image projector  30 , which projects the outline over the object  10  that was imaged by the imager  20 , as shown in  FIG. 6D . The image projector  30  thus visibly outlines the body of each object  10  captured by the imager  20 . 
         [0042]      FIGS. 7A-7D  show an example of imaging, processing, and projecting a raster line image on an object of interest consistent with the present invention.  FIGS. 7A and 7B  are the same as  FIGS. 6A and 6B , respectively, described above. Accordingly, description of  FIGS. 7A and 7B  are omitted. In  FIG. 7C , instead of generating a vector outline where white meets black, as shown in  FIG. 6C , raster lines are generated wherever white is present. The generation of raster lines can be performed by the image processing unit  40 , and can be implemented in the image processing unit  40  with a raster graphics software program as are know in the art. 
         [0043]    The image data corresponding to the raster lines generated by the image processing unit is provided to the image projector  30 , which projects the raster lines over the object  10  that was imaged by the imager  20 , as shown in  FIG. 6D . The image projector  30  thus visibly illuminates the body of each object  10  captured by the imager  20 . 
         [0044]    Accordingly, using the display system of  FIG. 1 , it is possible to outline the object  10  imaged by the imager  20 , as shown in  FIGS. 6A-6D , or to illuminate the object  10 , as shown in  FIGS. 7A-7D . In addition, the outline and illuminating, as well as any other type of image projection, can be performed in real time. To do so, the video output of the imager  20 , while it is imaging, is provided in real time to the image processing unit  40 , which processes these video frames one by one in real time, such as with a video-to-vector graphics software program. The image processing unit  40  analyzes each frame of video one by one in real time and creates a vector line(s) (or raster line or other type of image for projection) wherever white meets black on that frame. The created vector line (or raster line or other type of image projection) replaces the frames of video one by one in real time with vector outline frames (or raster line frames or other type of image projection frames). These newly created graphics frames are delivered electronically one by one in real time to the image projector  30 , which in turn projects them directly over the object  10  that is being detected by the imager  20 . 
         [0045]      FIG. 8  is an example of a control panel that can be used in the display system of  FIG. 1 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , the control panel  50  includes a display  51 , graphics keys  52 , blink key  53 , reset key  54 , perimeter key  55 , and pan and tilt key  56 . The display  51  can be implemented, for example, as a CRT, LCD, plasma, or other type of video display. The graphics keys  52 , blink key  53 , reset key  54 , perimeter key  55 , and pan and tilt key  56  can be implemented as buttons on a panel separate from the display  51  or as a touch panel on the display  51  itself. 
         [0046]    The graphics keys  52  can be used to block out portions of the image captured by the imager  20  and to add images to the image captured by the imager  20 . As shown in  FIG. 8 , the graphics keys  52  include two different sized circles, two different sized rectangles, and four arrows. The circles and arrows are graphics that can be added to the image captured by the imager  20 , and the solid rectangles are graphics that can be used to block out portions of the image captured by the imager. It should be understood that other shapes can be used for the graphics keys  52 , both for graphics to be added to the image and for blocking out part of the image. The graphics keys  52  can also include a changeable size tool that permits the user to demarcate the size of an image portion deleted or an image added. The position of the deleted image portion or the added image can be set using the pan and tilt key  52 . Alternatively, a pointing device such as a mouse or pen device can be used to set the position. It is also possible to permit a user to touch the location at which the selected graphic is placed. 
         [0047]    The blink key  53  is selected when the user wants the projected image in a particular area to blink. To do so, the user can touch the area of the video screen (or demarcate the area with a changeable size tool in conjunction with a pointing device) and then select the blink key  53 . This action causes the projected image in that area to blink, which is useful in drawing a viewer&#39;s attention to the blinking object. 
         [0048]    The reset key  54  removes any image portions deleted and any images added by the graphics keys  52 . The perimeter key  55  adds a frame to the view on the display  51  and to the image projected by the image projector  30 . The frame added by the perimeter key corresponds to the field of view of the imager  20 . The pan and tilt key  56  can be used, for example, to move the position the imager  20  (and correspondingly the position of the image projector  30 ), to change the size of the field of view of the imager  20 , and to move the placement of objects added to the display  51 . 
         [0049]    In the exemplary image shown in the display  51  in  FIG. 8 , a portion of a building is shown to include five human objects that are identifiable by the imager  20 , such as by their heat signature when the imager  20  is implemented as a thermal imager. The display  51  also includes two particular human objects that have circular images added by the graphics keys  52 . The user may add these circular images to identify high value objects from among the objects captured by the imager  20  so that when the image projector  30  displays the image with the added circles onto the building itself including the human objects, anyone viewing the image displayed by the image projector  30  will see the circles around the high valued objects, and thus be able to discriminate objects of interest from objects that are not of interest. For example, in a military context, the circle objects can be enemy combatants and the non-circled objects can be friendly combatants. In addition to the circular images, a frame can be added to the overall image. The frame provides an outline of the actual image captured by the imager  20 , i.e., the field of view of the imager  20 . The frame can be useful as it shows viewers exactly how much or how little the imager  20  is seeing. 
         [0050]      FIG. 9  is an example of projecting an image on objects of interest at a distance consistent with the present invention. As shown in  FIG. 9 , a vehicle in which the display system has been implemented is positioned at night at a distance from the same building shown in  FIG. 8 . Through the use of the system, the imager  20  can identify objects, in this case human objects, at a distance and illuminate them with the image projector  30 . For covert operations, a laser emitted by the image projector  30  can be in the near field infrared range, around 940 nm, which is invisible to the naked eye and thus allow only those with standard night vision capabilities to view the projection. 
         [0051]      FIG. 10  is an example of highlighting objects of interest in the example of  FIG. 9 . In particular,  FIG. 10  shows two specific objects that are surrounded by circles, which are graphics added using the image add keys  54  of the control panel  50 . The image processing unit  40  can be configured to follow a highlighted object (e.g., an object around which a graphic is added) if the object moves while being imaged by the imager  20 . For example, if the objects surrounded by circles in  FIG. 10  are moving, the image processing unit  40  can process the image so that the circles remain around the moving objects. 
         [0052]      FIG. 11  is an example of providing a frame to the highlighted objects of interest in the example of  FIG. 10 . In particular, the frame in  FIG. 11  shows how much of the building is being imaged by the imager  20 . 
         [0053]      FIGS. 12A-12C  show examples of varying frame shapes that can be projected in the display system of  FIG. 1 . In the display system of  FIG. 1 , the horizontal and vertical size of this projected window (field of view) can be adjusted independently to fit the specific needs of the operator. In  FIG. 12A , the image projector  30  displays a full screen, which is the default size of the projected window.  FIG. 12B  shows the display of a panoramic view in which the height of the projection window is made smaller. In  FIG. 12C , the image projector displays a vertical view in which the width of the projection window is narrowed, such as if only a tall building needs to be examined. With these various window dimensions set, the image projector  30  does not project beyond those dimensions even though the imager  20  may capture an image larger than the window dimensions. 
         [0054]      FIG. 13  is an example of an alternative application of the system of  FIG. 1  for controlling a fire. As shown in  FIG. 13 , the system including the image processing unit  40  and the imager  20  can be suspended over an object on fire, such as a ship  82 . The display system can be suspended, for example, by a helicopter, a balloon, an airplane, or other aerial vehicle. If implemented as a thermal imager, the imager  20  provides a thermal image of the ship  82 , which identifies the hot spots, i.e., the fire locations, to the image processing unit  40 . The image processing unit  40  can be configured to identify the hot spots from the thermal image and provide that information to water cannon and guidance assemblies  80 . More specifically, the image processing unit  40  can be configured to map digitally the perimeter of the entire theater of combustion including all hot spots and any thermal data relevant to this unstable condition. Based on this information, the assemblies  80  can be automatically directed to position and provide water to the most needed spots on the ship  82  and thus effectively and efficiently put out the fire on the ship. The identified hot spots can also determine the force at which the assemblies  80  provide water to the fire. Although assemblies  80  are described as using water, it should be understood that other fire retardants can be used. 
         [0055]      FIG. 14  is an example of an alternative application of the system of  FIG. 1  for controlling an air mass. Like the system in  FIG. 13 , the system here would be carried by an aerial vehicle that is capable of positioning the system over a cold air mass  84  and a warm air mass  86 . In the example of  FIG. 14 , the cold air mass  84  is on a trajectory course towards a warm air mass  86  or visa versa. When this condition exists, a hurricane or other violent weather front may start to form. As shown in  FIG. 14 , the imager  20 , implemented as a thermal imager, with an aerial view of the air masses  84 ,  86  provides thermal data to the image processing unit  40 . The image processing unit can be configured to map digitally the entire thermal domain relevant to this weather event and calculate where the image projector  30 , implemented as a powerful overhead laser, would best be directed in order to warm part or all of the cold air mass  84  so as to mitigate or stop the inevitable weather condition. 
         [0056]      FIG. 15  is an example of an application of the display system of  FIG. 1  for identifying stress areas in a bridge. As shown in  FIG. 15 , the imager  20  images at least a portion of the bridge. If implemented as a thermal imager, the image captured by the imager  20  would highlight the areas of the bridge that are mechanically stressed. The image is then processed by the image processing unit  40 , which provides the processed image to the image projector  30 , and the image projector  30  projects the image onto the bridge so that viewers can witness exactly where on the bridge the stress spots are located. 
         [0057]      FIG. 16A-16B  are examples of an application of the display system of  FIG. 1  for identifying hot spots in an electrical power apparatus. As shown in  FIGS. 16A-16B , the imager  20  images at least a portion of the electrical power apparatus. If implemented as a thermal imager, the image captured by the imager  20  would highlight the areas of the electrical power apparatus that correspond to hot spots. The image is then processed by the image processing unit  40 , which provides the processed image to the image projector  30 , and the image projector  30  projects the image onto the electrical power apparatus so that viewers can witness exactly where on the electrical power apparatus the hot spots are located. Thus, using the display system of  FIG. 1  for bridges and electrical power apparatuses, multiple users can see on the objects themselves exactly where items of interest are located. 
         [0058]      FIG. 17  is an example of an application of the display system of  FIG. 1  for displaying the contents of a container. In this example, the imager  20  is preferably implemented as an X-ray device. In this implementation, the display system can be used to detect and display the contents of a shipping container  86 . In particular, the shipping container  86  passes through an X-ray area  22 , which corresponds to a region that can be captured by the imager  20 . The X-ray image data is provided to the image processing unit  40 , which transforms the X-ray image data into an image that can be projected by the image projector  30 . The image projector  30  projects the image onto the side of the container  86  so that viewers can witness the shape and position of the contents of the container without having to open the container. 
         [0059]    It would be desirable in some instances to have the display system configured to remember first findings and display them longer, i.e., not display the image in real time. For example, if a person is detected and that person recognizes that his position is now being displayed, he would likely try to duck out of the sight of the imager  20 , which would in turn stop the display system from displaying his position further. By using a first glance capture mode, the display system can be configured to remember the last position that was displayed by the image projector  30  and direct the image projector  30  to continue displaying that specific area for a predetermined period of time. This would give the viewers additional time to evaluate these sightings. 
         [0060]    The foregoing description of preferred embodiments of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed, and modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of the invention. The embodiments (which can be practiced separately or in combination) were chosen and described in order to explain the principles of the invention and as practical application to enable one skilled in the art to make and use the invention in various embodiments and with various modifications suited to the particular uses contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the claims appended hereto and their equivalents.