Abstract:
The present invention uses the resilient behaviour of a flexible printed circuit board ( 10 ), both to mechanically clamp the components ( 20 ) in a permanent manner and to achieve good electrical contacts ( 24 ) between conducting parts ( 12 ) of the flexible circuit board ( 10 ) and the components ( 20 ). By cutting the flexible printed circuit board in such a manner that small tab-like, resilient members ( 12,16 ) are formed, the forces caused by elastically deformed resilient members ( 12,16 ) are usable both for mechanically fixing the components ( 20 ) and for causing an electrical contact ( 24 ). By choosing appropriate sizes of the resilient members ( 12,16 ), the relative strength of the spring force is increased, which even will be large enough to cause a plastic deformation of the material in the contact points ( 24 ) between the conducting resilient members ( 12 ) and the component contact members ( 22 ). In such a manner, soldering or gluing may be totally omitted.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The present invention generally relates to flexible printed circuit boards, and in particular to the mounting of components thereto. 
     BACKGROUND 
     For mounting electrical and other components to a flexible printed circuit boards according to prior art, the components are positioned at the appropriate locations and subsequently fastened by gluing or soldering. There is often a problem to maintain the components at the appropriate positions with a sufficient precision, during the gluing or soldering process. 
     The European patent application EP 0 256 581 A1 discloses a method for fixation of electric components at a flexible printed circuit board, which is intended to hold the component during the soldering or gluing process. This method is based on that tabs are formed in the flexible printed circuit board, which tabs extend into an opening in the flexible printed circuit board, large enough to allow the component to pass through. By introducing components from the back side of the board, the tabs are bent and applies a force onto surfaces of the component which are perpendicular to the board surface. The tabs clamp the component between each other and by prohibit the component to move back again, the component is fixed. The method is intended to be ended by a soldering or gluing process, which finally fastens the component. The tabs may also be covered with a conducting layer, which provides a possibility to achieve electrical contact by soldering or gluing with a conducting adhesive. 
     Most electric circuit mounting processes of prior art relies on soldering or gluing for achieving a good electrical contact and for maintaining the component mechanically in a fixed position. However, gluing or soldering processes are not always desired, in particular for very small components. There is always a risk for not achieving a sufficient reliable joint or to achieve a shortening between different electrical parts. Furthermore, the soldering and gluing occupies a separate production step, which increases the mounting times. If a component is found to be defect after mounting, there are also large problems to replace the defect component with a new one. When soldering, the joint may be reheated to melt the soldering, but for gluing, the normal procedure is to reject the total board. 
     Many printed circuit boards also uses separate assembling structures to hold the different components. The European patent application EP 0 649 272 A1 discloses a flexible fastening member which is used to reduce stress caused by differing temperature coefficients for the board and the components. However, a fastening member of that type increases the complexity of the assembling procedure considerably. 
     There is also a general problem in finding cheap and simple solutions on contacting members. One solution is disclosed in the U.S. Pat. No. 5,049,089. In this document a method is described, which uses a portion of a flexible printed circuit board provided with electrical leads, which portion is bent and stuck into opening in another circuit board. The elastic force keeps the portion in position when applying the soldering material. 
     The particular solution, mentioned in EP 0 256 581, has the further problems of mechanically holding the component only by the tabs, why the heat exchange with the printed circuit board is very low, with overheating as a problem. Furthermore, the total mass of the component is mechanically fixed only by the limited tabs, which easily may cause fractures in the soldering. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The overall object of the present invention is to achieve a method of electrical circuit board assembling, which may omit the soldering or gluing step. Another object of the present invention is to reduce the number of separate parts used for assembling and electrically connecting. A further object of the present invention is to mount the components at the printed circuit board in a removable manner, for simplifying replacement of components or function as an electric connector. 
     The above objects are provided by an arrangement and mounting method according to the enclosed claims. In short terms, the present invention can be described as using the resilient behaviour of the flexible printed circuit board both to mechanically clamp the components in a permanent manner and to achieve good electrical contacts between conducting parts of the flexible circuit boards and the components. By cutting the flexible printed circuit board in such a manner that small tab-like, resilient members are formed, the forces caused by elastically deformed resilient members are usable both for mechanically fixing the components and for causing an electrical contact. By choosing appropriate sizes of the resilient members, the relative strength of the spring force is increased, which even will be large enough to cause a plastic deformation of the material in the contact points between the conducting resilient members and the component contact members. In such a manner, soldering or gluing may be totally omitted. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention, together with further objects and advantages thereof, may best be understood by making reference to the following description taken together with the accompanying drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a part of a flexible printed circuit board usable in an arrangement according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the flexible printed circuit board of FIG. 1 taken along the line II—II, with a component mounted thereon, according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention; 
     FIG. 3 is a schematic view of connector means according to the present invention; 
     FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention using locking means; 
     FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention, where the flexible printed circuit board itself is used as a counteracting means; 
     FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a preferred method of assembling according to the present invention; and 
     FIG. 7 illustrates a few examples of usable resilient member configurations. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     Most electrical components used today in modern electronics have a relatively small size. The development of components tends to continue this size reduction. When the size of an electrical system is reduced, the influence of the mass of the components decreases with the cube of the length measure. At the same time, the area upon which the components are assembled only decreases with the square of the same length measure, and many mounting structures, exhibiting mainly one-dimensional shapes, decreases only proportionally with the same length measure. Since the mounting area and mounting structures normally are responsible for the strength of the mounting, a reduction in size proportionally to a length measure normally results in a relatively stronger fastening. Thus, in many systems of small components according to prior art, the means for holding the components and for creating the electrical contact are normally exaggerated. 
     Furthermore, when considering a resilient material, a reduced size may change the behaviour of the resilient material. A resilient material, which in a macroscopic situation has to be considered fluttering, will in a situation where the area dimension is considerably smaller, appear much stiffer. Such behaviours are readily understood from the theory of material strength. A beam with a certain length will increase its elastic force action for a certain deviation as the inverse of the beam length. A short beam win therefore appear stiffer than a long beam of equal cross-sectional area. 
     One of the main features of the present invention is the idea of using resilient parts of the flexible printed circuit board, on which components are arranged, to supply the holding forces of the components and to provide enough force to achieve a good electric contact between conducting parts of the flexible printed circuit board and the components. The permanent fastening of the components is realisable without any gluing or soldering, just by using geometrical structures in the flexible printed circuit board itself. A number of resilient members of the flexible printed circuit board are used to hold the components in the final position against some counteracting means. At least one of the resilient members is also used to provide an electrical contact. 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of a flexible printed circuit board  10 . The flexible printed circuit board  10  comprises an insulating material, and one or several layers of conductor structures  14 . In the flexible printed circuit board  10 , a number of geometrical structures are cut-out In the embodiment, shown in FIG. 1, eight resilient members  16 , here in the shape of tabs, are available around a substantially square centre area  11 . Two tabs are positioned at each of the sides of the square  11 . In each of the square corners, a hole  18  is provided. A conducting tab  12 , constituting a part of the conductor structures  14 , extends into the hole  18 . This is the configuration of the original flexible printed circuit board  10  prior to the mounting of components. 
     FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the flexible printed circuit board according to FIG. 1, taken along the line II—II, with a component  20  mounted at the flexible printed circuit board according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The component  20  is provided with four contact members  22 , of which two are shown in the figure. The contact members  22  are in the form of bumps of gold or PbSn, a conventional way today to provide contact members  22  on different components. The component  20  is placed on top of the centre area  11 , with the contact members  22  protruding through the holes  18 . The holes  18  have preferably a size which substantially agrees with the base diameter of the bumps  22 , thereby providing a structural aligning action to the component  20 . The relative positions of the holes  18 , and their dimensions, are the tools used for positioning the component  20  at the requested position. Since the bumps  22  are rounded off, the original positioning of the component  20  is not critical, since the geometrical structure  18  in the flexible printed circuit board  10  and the geometrical structure  22  on the component  20  is self-aligning. The geometrical structures may not necessarily be of the above illustrated shape. Any geometrical shape, which may be engaged to each other may be used for this purpose. 
     The tabs  16  are bent upwards (as defined in FIG.  2 ), the component  20  is positioned at the centre area portion  11 . The bumps  22  of the component  20  protrudes trough the holes  18  and bends the conducting tabs  12  downwards (as defined in FIG.  2 ), providing an electrical contact between the conducting surface layer of the conducting tabs  12  and the bumps  22 . The conducting tabs  12 , which preferably are rather short, then applies a strong resilient force onto the component  20 . The resilient force is applied substantially perpendicular to the surface of the flexible printed circuit board  10 . Since the bumps  22  are substantially spherical, a rather limited contact point  24  is formed between each conducting tab  12  and bump  22 . The resilient force of the tab  12  is preferably strong enough to cause a local plastic deformation of the material in the vicinity of the contact point  24 . Such plastic deformation of the conducting material will break the surface layer of oxides and other insulating materials, which always are present at metal surfaces, and provide a good electrical contact, without the need of chemical cleaning and soldering. The surface of the conducting tab  12  and the electric component contact member  22  are preferably made of an inert and/or soft metal or alloy. An inert metal, such as gold, forms a very thin surface layer of oxides and impurities, which easily is broken by the contact force. A soft metal or alloy, such as PbSn, may indeed build up a thick but brittle oxide layer, but is instead more easily plastically deformed, whereby the brittle oxide layer is penetrated. 
     The conducting tabs  12  are applying a force onto the component  20 , which acts to remove the component from the surface of the flexible printed circuit board  10 . However, the tabs  16  are during the mounting procedure bent upwards, and afterwards the tabs  16  are allowed to spring back, until they come into contact with the upper surface of the component  20 . The tabs  16  applies a resilient force onto the component  20  in a direction which counteracts the force provided by the conducting tabs  12 , i.e. substantially perpendicular to the surface of the flexible printed circuit board  10 . The tabs  16  thus acts as a counteracting means to prohibit the component from being displaced. 
     One important advantage with the present invention is that the component  20  is removably arranged onto the flexible printed circuit board  10 . If a component  20  is defect or broken during the assembling process, this may not be detected until a final operation check is performed of the assembled board. The defect component may be identified by conventional test procedures, and is easily exchanged for a spare one. Since the mounting is provided by solely mechanical spring forces, no melting of any soldering joints have to be performed. The exchange is a simple mechanical procedure. This removable arrangement is well suited for testing purposes, e.g. when components have to be matched together. Furthermore, a final recycling disassembling is considerably facilitated by such a removable arrangement. 
     Another advantage, at least compared with EP 0 256 581 A1, is that the component  20  is hold with a substantial contact area  11  with undeformed parts of the flexible printed circuit board, and is thereby provided with a suitable heat exchange possibility. The flexible printed circuit board, may be provided with material at the centre area  11 , which allows for an appropriate heat conduction. 
     The component  20  may be a pure electrical component, such as an integrated circuit, a resistor, a capacitor etc. It may also be an electromechanical, micromechanical, electrooptical, or any other combined type of component. The component may also be an electrical lead component, such as a connector means or the like. The ideas of the present invention applies best to small components, preferably in the order of 10 mm or less. 
     In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, all resilient members, acting upwards in the figure, are used to provide an electrical contact. It is of course easily understood that also a subset of the resilient members could be used for this purpose. However, when having more than one electrical contact, it is important that the contacting properties of each contact point is independent of other contacting points. The present invention provides a contacting method, which accomplishes an individual treatment of each electrical contact, since each electrical contact has its own resilient member providing the contacting force. Small tolerance differences in the geometries of the contact members  22  will be compensated for by the individual spring forces. 
     FIG. 3 illustrates an electrical connector means  30  arrangement. A flexible printed circuit board  10  is provided with electrical leads  34 , which ends in electrically conducting resilient tongues  12 . The flexible printed circuit board  10  has at its end geometrical locking structures  36 , in this example shaped as a semi-circle. A connector means  30 , also made by a flexible printed circuit board also comprises electrically conducting surface coatings  32 . Between and at each side of the surface coating areas  32 , slits  35  are provided. By introducing the locking structures  36  through the slits  35 , the flexible printed circuit board  10  and the connector means  30  will be physically interconnected and any displacing motion of the connector means  30  downwards (as defined in FIG. 3) is prohibited by the locking structure  36 , which act as a counteracting means. The slits  35  are preferably weakly C- or S-shaped, whereby the introduction of the locking structures  36  is made easily by deforming the locking structure along the slit shape, while after the locking structure  36  has regained its original shape at the opposite side of the flexible printed circuit board  10 , the locking structure  36  is caught. If several slits  35  are positioned close to each other, the shape may be straight, but the direction twisted as compared with the finally mounted locking structures  36 . The tongues  12  are bent and provides an electrical contact between the flexible printed circuit board  10  and the connector means  30 . Preferably, either the tongues  12  or the electrical leads  34  at the connector means  30  are provided with bumps, to accomplish a high contact pressure. 
     FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a component  20 , mounted at a flexible printed circuit board  10  according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the component  20  is provided with one contact bump  22 , protruding through a hole in the flexible printed circuit board  10 . A conducting resilient member  12  is deflected from the planar configuration and applies a spring force to the bump  22 , thereby creating a electrically conducting contact point  24 . In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the component  20  further comprises locking structures  36 , of a similar geometrical type as used in FIG.  3 . Half circles  36  are stuck through slits in the flexible printed circuit board  10  and acts as counteracting means. The counteracting means thus comprises a locking structure  36  connected to the flexible printed circuit board  10 . 
     Other modifications of the same theme would for example be an external member supporting the components, for prohibiting its displacement due to the forces of the electrical contact means. In certain applications, gluing of the component  20  to the flexible printed circuit board  10  would also be possible, even if the removability in this case is lost. 
     FIG. 5 shows a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention. Here a component  20  provided with two contact bumps  22  at each end of the component is placed directly onto the flexible printed circuit board  10  with the contact bumps  22  directed upwards (as defined in the figure). Tabs  12 , coated with a conducting surface layer at the bottom side are deflected upwards and apply contact forces onto the contact bumps  22 . The tabs  12  create the electrical contact and clamp the component  20  against a portion  40  of the flexible printed circuit board  10 . The counteracting means in this case is thus a portion of the flexible printed circuit board  10  itself. 
     FIG. 6 illustrates a procedure for mounting components  20  on a flexible printed circuit board  10 . A flexible printed circuit board  10  similar to the one shown in FIG. 1 is provided with necessary conducting layers and geometrical structures. A tool body  42  is provided with sprigs  44 , at positions which agrees with the end of the tabs  16  at the flexible printed circuit board  10 . The component  20  to be mounted fits in-between these sprigs  44 . The tool body is moved from below (as defined in FIG. 6) towards the flexible printed circuit board  10  so that each sprig  44  hits the front end of one tab  16  each. The tabs  16  are deflected upwards, opening up a free area in-between the sprigs  44 . The components  20  is inserted into this free area and placed against the flexible printed circuit board  10 . The tool  42  is subsequently removed, allowing the tabs  16  to spring back and clamp the component  20  to the flexible printed circuit board  10 . 
     In most of the above embodiments, the resilient members, used to accomplish the electrical contact or constituting parts of the counteracting means, are in the forms of tabs. The geometrical shapes are, however, not critical, and various configurations are possible, which will have advantages and disadvantages in different applications. FIG. 7 illustrates a few possible examples of resilient members, which are useful in the present invention. A traditional substantially rectangularly shaped tab  46   a  is perhaps the most probable choice for most applications. The elastic strength of the resilient member may also be modified by the geometrical structure, as for e.g. by introducing a hole in a tab  46   b.  The generally V-shaped resilient member  46   c  may be another alternative. 
     It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without departure from the scope thereof, which is defined by the appended claims.