Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a plasma display panel in which afterimage is improved. The plasma display panel according to the present invention includes a panel unit having an upper plate and a lower plate, a frame that supports circuitry, and a conductive material formed between the panel unit and the frame. As such, a conductive material is formed on a bottom surface of a lower plate of a panel. Thus, charges introduced into the lower plate are properly controlled to improve the waveform stability of the panel. Also, a charge characteristic is improved to implement a stable operation. Accordingly, an afterimage time can be reduced. Further, a sheet of a low hardness and light weight is used. It is thus possible to absorb shock and noise of a PDP, accomplish light weight of the PDP and reduce the materials of the sheet.

Description:
[0001]     This Nonprovisional application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(a) on Patent Application No. 10-2004-0004461 filed in Korea on Jan. 20, 2004, Patent Application No. 10-2004-0072116 filed in Korea on Sep. 9, 2004, the entire contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Field of the Invention  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to a display device, and more particularly, to an organic electroluminescent (EL) device and a method of manufacturing the same, wherein the picture quality of an organic electroluminescent display (OELD) can be improved.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Background Art  
         [0005]     Recently, as the size of display devices increases, there is an increasing need for flat panel display devices that occupy a smaller area. Electroluminescent (EL) devices have come into the spotlight as one of these flat panel display devices.  
         [0006]     The electroluminescent devices can be mainly classified into inorganic electroluminescent devices and organic electroluminescent devices depending on the type of materials used.  
         [0007]     The inorganic electroluminescent devices are adapted to emit light in such a manner that high electric field is applied to a light-emitting unit, and electrons are accelerated within the high electric field in such a way to collide toward the center of emission, thereby exciting the center of emission.  
         [0008]     Further, the organic electroluminescent devices are adapted to emit light when exciton, which is generated through combination of electrons and holes that are injected from an electron injection node (cathode) and a hole injection node (anode) into the light-emitting unit, falls from an excited state to a ground state.  
         [0009]     The inorganic electroluminescent devices with the above-described operating principle require high electric field. Thus, a high voltage of 100 to 200V is required as a driving voltage. On the contrary, the organic electroluminescent devices are advantageous in that they can be driven at low voltage of about 5 to 20V. Thus, research on the organic electroluminescent devices has been actively performed.  
         [0010]     In addition, the organic electroluminescent devices have excellent characteristics such as wide viewing angle, high response and high contrast, and they can be thus used for graphic display pixels, pixels of a television image display surface light source and so on. Also, the organic electroluminescent devices are suitable for a next-generation flat panel display device since they are light and have a good color sense.  
         [0011]     The organic electroluminescent devices are usually called an organic electroluminescent device. This will be below described in more detail.  
         [0012]     Organic EL refers to a display mode in which characters, images, etc. are displayed using an organic luminescent device that emits light by itself if being applied with current. In the concrete, organic EL refers to a condition in which light is generated through a process where electrons and holes form electron and hole pairs within semiconductors, or carriers are excited to a higher energy state and are then stabilized.  
         [0013]     The response speed of the organic-electroluminescent device is ten thousand faster than that of thin film transistor liquid crystal display (TFT-LCD) devices. The organic electroluminescent device has an advantage in that it can implement a perfect motion picture without shaking of the screen. Also, the material of the organic electroluminescent device, which constitutes the screen, has the property that emits light by itself. Thus, the organic electroluminescent device does not require a backlight as in LCD product groups. Accordingly, the organic electroluminescent device has advantages in that the life span of a battery can lengthen since less power is needed, and a thickness of the panel can be made slimmer as much as the space of the backlight. The organic EL display panel is disadvantageous in implementing a large-size screen, but is advantageous in resolution, power consumption, etc., compared with a PDP.  
         [0014]     The organic electroluminescent device has been consistently improved in terms of technology. It is thus expected that the organic electroluminescent device will be in its place as next-generation display devices.  
         [0015]     The organic EL display can be classified into a passive matrix (PM) type and an active matrix (AM) type depending on its driving mode.  
         [0016]     The PM type is a structure in which a driving circuit is provided outside an organic EL panel to light-emit an organic electroluminescent device. This type is advantageous in that the structure of the panel is simple and the cost is low because the driving circuit is located outside the panel. However, this PM type has problems in that the current flowing through respective pixels must be the same so as to make uniform the brightness of the whole pixel, and power consumption is significantly great since the charge/discharge current applied to a capacitive load is high.  
         [0017]     Meanwhile, the AM type is a structure in which a driving circuit such as TFT is provided in each pixel. Thus, this AM type has advantages in that power consumption is low and deviation in the brightness is small, compared with the PM type.  
         [0018]     Meanwhile, the organic EL panel has reflectance of over 80%, which results in degraded contrast.  
         [0019]     Further, since the cathode of a device is usually made of a metal having good reflectance, external light, which is incident to the device, is reflected from the surface of the cathode, and is then mixed with light generated from a light-emitting layer.  
         [0020]     In order to solve this problem, a circular polarizing filter is formed at the bottom of a transparent substrate in most organic electroluminescent devices, thus reducing the reflection of the externally incident light from the cathode.  
         [0021]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of a conventional organic electroluminescent (EL) device.  
         [0022]     The con ventional organic electroluminescent device includes a transparent anode  102  formed on a transparent substrate  101 , an organic EL layer  103  having a hall injection layer (HIL), a hall transport layer (HTL), an emitting layer (EML), an electron transport layer (ETL) and an electrons injection layer (EIL), the organic EL layer  103  being coated on the transparent anode  102  through a vacuum deposition method, and a metal cathode  104  of good reflectance, which is formed on the organic EL layer  103 .  
         [0023]     In this structure, however, if outer atmosphere is bright, external light that is incident to the device is reflected from the metal electrode  104 , and is then mixed with light that is generated from the light-emitting layer  103 . Accordingly, contrast is significantly lowered.  
         [0024]     In order to solve this problem, in the prior art, a circular polarizing filter  105  is disposed in front of the organic electroluminescent device so as to reduce the reflection of external light. That is, when external light is incident, the half of the light is blocked by the circular polarizing filter  105  and the remaining half of the light is blocked when being reflected back from the cathode. It is thus possible to prohibit the lowering of contrast due to the external light.  
         [0025]     Accordingly, a filter for lowering reflectance and improving contrast is formed in front of the panel. The filter usually includes a circular polarizer (hereinafter, referred to as circular polarizing filter).  
         [0026]      FIG. 2  is a conceptual view for explaining the structure of a conventional circular polarizing filter, which shows a view for explaining the structure of the filter and the principle of blocking external light.  
         [0027]     A circular polarizing filter  210  has a structure in which a linear polarizer  201  and a λ/4 retarder  205  are overlapped. Natural external light is transformed into light that vibrates in a given direction while passing through the linear polarizer  201  of the circular polarizing filter  210 . The light is then transformed into light that rotates in a spiral form while passing through the λ/4 retarder  205 . In more detail, the λ/4 retarder  205  uses birefringence crystals. When light of a given wavelength, which is vertically incident to an incident surface, transmits the crystals, the λ/4 retarder  205  makes the light have a phase difference of 90 degree between normal rays and abnormal rays. Since light reflected from the front of the panel becomes extinct through the circular polarizing filter  210  having this characteristic, reflectance of approximately 30 to 50% can be lowered.  
         [0028]     The circular polarizing filter is effective in reducing the reflectance by some degree. However, the circular polarizing filter has an adverse effect of lowering even the transmissivity, and has a disadvantage in that the cost is high. Furthermore, the reduction in the transmissivity results in lowered luminous efficiency of the organic EL display panel  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0029]     The object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems and disadvantages of the background art.  
         [0030]     Accordingly, the present invention has been made in view of the above problems occurring in the prior art, and it is an object of the present invention to provide an organic EL filter in which the overall transmissivity of a panel is increased, but reflectance of the panel is lowered, thereby improving luminous efficiency of the panel.  
         [0031]     Another object of the present invention is to provide an organic electroluminescent device in which a black insulator and an optical filter are used to improve contrast and the color sense of the organic electroluminescent device, thus improving the display picture quality.  
         [0032]     To achieve the above objects, according to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent device, wherein the remaining regions other than the light-emitting regions of a front surface of a panel include a filter on which black matrices for preventing reflection of external light are coated.  
         [0033]     According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent device of various modes, which includes a plurality of pixels each composed of a first electrode, an organic electroluminescent layer and a second electrode, including a black insulator formed on the entire regions other than the pixels, for reducing reflection of externally incident light and providing insulating among the pixels, and an optical filter formed in a direction in which light generated from the electroluminescent layer is outputted toward the outside.  
         [0034]     According to still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device, including the steps of forming a plurality of first electrodes with a given distance therebetween on a transparent substrate, forming a black insulating film on the entire surface other than light-emitting regions of the first electrodes, forming barrier ribs on the black insulating film between the light-emitting regions in a direction vertical to the first electrodes, sequentially forming an organic electroluminescent layer and a second electrode on the entire surface including -the barrier ribs, and forming an optical filter in a direction in which light generated from the organic electroluminescent layer is outputted toward the outside.  
         [0035]     The present invention has effects in that it can significantly improve the brightness without significant reduction in contrast and can improve the picture quality of an organic EL device. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0036]     The invention will be described in detail with reference to the following drawings in which like numerals refer to like elements.  
         [0037]      FIG. 1  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of a conventional organic electroluminescent device;  
         [0038]      FIG. 2  is a conceptual view for explaining the structure of a conventional circular polarizing filter;  
         [0039]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of an organic EL panel to which a filter according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied;  
         [0040]      FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  are front views illustrating the construction of an organic EL panel to which the filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied;  
         [0041]      FIG. 5  is a graph for designing the filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention the filter based on the amount of emission light through spectrum analysis of the panel;  
         [0042]      FIG. 6  is a graph showing a color coordinate shift characteristic;  
         [0043]      FIGS. 7   a  to  7   c  are views illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a second embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0044]      FIG. 8   a  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of the organic electroluminescent device taken along line a-a′ in  FIG. 7   c;    
         [0045]      FIG. 8   b  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of the organic electroluminescent device taken along line b-b′ in  FIG. 7   c;    
         [0046]      FIG. 9  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a third embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0047]      FIG. 10  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0048]      FIG. 11  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention; and  
         [0049]      FIG. 12  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0050]     According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent device, wherein the remaining regions other than the light-emitting regions of a front surface of a panel include a filter on which black matrices for preventing reflection of external light are coated.  
         [0051]     The filter includes a conductive thin film made of at least one of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and silver (Ag), to block electromagnetic waves.  
         [0052]     In the filter, a base film in which the black matrices are formed is one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), tri acetyl cellulose (TAC), acryl (PMMA) and polyamide (PA).  
         [0053]     The filter further includes an ultraviolet (UV) absorbing film.  
         [0054]     The filter further includes a color adjustment film.  
         [0055]     According to another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided an organic electroluminescent device of various modes, which includes a plurality of pixels each composed of a first electrode, an organic electroluminescent layer and a second electrode, including a black insulator formed on the entire regions other than the pixels, for reducing reflection of externally incident light and providing insulating among the pixels, and an optical filter formed in a direction in which light generated from the electroluminescent layer is outputted toward the outside.  
         [0056]     Further, it is preferred that the black insulator is patterned in the form of a strip or matrix, and uses any one of organic material, inorganic material, polymer, inorganic material oxide, and a mixture of the inorganic material and the polymer.  
         [0057]     Further, preferably, the black insulator absorbs all light of a visible ray region, and the optical filter has a transmissivity of 50% in a visible ray region.  
         [0058]     Further, the organic electroluminescent device of the various modes is fabricated irrespective of its driving mode and a direction in which light is outputted toward the outside. The driving mode is an active type, and if the direction in which light is outputted toward the outside is a bottom emission type, the black insulator is deposited at the bottom of a semiconductor material of a driving TFT.  
         [0059]     The organic electroluminescent device has a driving mode of an active type. If the direction in which light is outputted toward the outside is a bottom emission type, the black insulator is deposited at the top of a semiconductor material of a driving TFT.  
         [0060]     The organic electroluminescent device has a driving mode of an active type. If the direction in which light is outputted toward the outside is a bottom emission type, the black insulator and a semiconductor material of a driving TFT are formed in each substrate, and are then connected using a conductive material.  
         [0061]     According to still another embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescent device, including the steps of forming a plurality of first electrodes with a given distance therebetween on a transparent substrate, forming a black insulating film on the entire surface other than light-emitting regions of the first electrodes, forming barrier ribs on the black insulating film between the light-emitting regions in a direction vertical to the first electrodes, sequentially forming an organic electroluminescent layer and a second electrode on the entire surface including the barrier ribs, and forming an optical filter in a direction in which light generated from the organic electroluminescent layer is outputted toward the outside.  
         [0062]     Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in a more detailed manner with reference to the drawings.  
         [0063]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of an organic EL panel to which a filter according to a first embodiment of the present invention is applied.  
         [0064]     The organic EL panel includes an anode  305  and a cathode  301  with a phosphor layer  303  interposed therebetween.  
         [0065]     A front electrode layer  305  corresponding to the anode  305 , which is located in front of the panel, is generally made of indium tin oxide (ITO). ITO is a thin film material for a transparent electrode, and is coated on the thin film as the transparent electrode by means of a vacuum deposition method, thereby implementing conductivity. Generally, the transmissivity of the front electrode layer  305  is 80% or over.  
         [0066]     The phosphor layer  303  can consist of a RIG/B phosphor layer or a white phosphor layer depending on its light emission mode. If the phosphor layer  303  is composed of the white phosphor layer, a R/G/B color filter is further formed on the anode electrode plate, thereby properly implementing R/G/B pixels. The color representation mode is a conventional one. Detailed description on it will be thus omitted for simplicity.  
         [0067]     A glass substrate  307  is formed on the transparent electrode layer  305  being the front electrode.  
         [0068]     A filter layer  310  according to the present invention is formed on the glass substrate  307 . The filter layer  310  of the present invention has black matrices (BM) formed in by using polyethylene terephthalate (PET), tri acetyl cellulose (TAC) or the like as a base film.  
         [0069]      FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b  are front views illustrating the construction of an organic EL panel to which the filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention is applied.  
         [0070]     The filter layer  310  having the black matrices (BM) formed in will be described in detail with reference to  FIGS. 4   a  and  4   b.    
         [0071]      FIG. 4   a  shows a case where the filter layer according to the present invention is applied to an organic EL panel of the active matrix type.  
         [0072]     The active matrix type has a thin film transistor (TFT) formed every pixel, as described above. A portion where the TFT is formed corresponds to a portion where reflectance for external light is the highest. Accordingly, the reflectance of the panel for the external light can be lowered by maximum by coating the TFT portions with BM layers  311  except for R/G/B phosphor cell portions.  
         [0073]     More preferably, as shown in  FIG. 4   b , the reflectance of the panel for the external light can be lowered by maximum by coating even portions where an insulating film and barrier ribs, which are formed between transparent electrodes, are formed with the BM layers  311 . The material of the organic EL panel is usually transparent unlike the materials of other display devices. In particular, an organic EL phosphor material is disadvantageous in that it is very weak in moisture, oxygen, etc. Thus, there is a limit that the barrier ribs, electrodes, films, glass, and the like must be made of materials through which moisture or oxygen cannot pass.  
         [0074]     Therefore, although barrier ribs are formed, there is a kind of limits unlike other display devices. In view of this, it is required that the whole reflectance and transmissivity be controlled by coating black matrices on a glass upper plate without applying other transformation within a panel in which up to the glass is formed,.  
         [0075]     If the BM layers  311  as shown in  FIG. 4   b  are formed, about 40% of the whole area of the panel is coated with the BM layers. That is, if even portions where the barrier ribs between pixels adjacent to a TFT portion of each pixel are formed are coated with the BM layers, the reflectance of the organic EL panel can be reduced below 40%.  
         [0076]     Table 1 below shows reflectance and black brightness in a bright room           in the case where the conventional circular polarizing filter is applied and where the filter on which the BM layers according to the present invention are coated on is applied.  
                                                 TABLE 1                                       Circular Polarizer               Filter (X)   Filter   Black Matrix Filter                                    Reflectance   80% or more   30% to 50%   40% or less       Brightness   14.3 cd/m 2     1 cd/m 2  or less   6 cd/m 2  or less       Transmissivity   90%   Less than 50%   80% or more                  
 
         [0077]     Table 1 shows a measurement of bright room         -black brightness of external natural light, which is incident to a panel surface at an angle of 63° at 400 Lux, wherein the black brightness was measured for the organic EL panel of the active matrix type by an measurement equipment PR-650 at a distance 1 m.  
         [0078]     From Table 1, it can be seen that the reflectance of the panel itself in which the filter is not formed is 80% or more, and the reflectance of the panel in which the conventional circular polarizing filter is used is about 30% to 50%. The reflectance of the panel in which the BM filter layer according to the present invention is applied is about 40%, which is similar to that of the conventional circular polarizing filter. In terms of only reflectance, the panel of the present invention has a similar effect as the conventional panel.  
         [0079]     Further, from Table 1, it can be seen that the conventional circular polarizing filter has a good brightness of 1 cd/m 2  or less, and the BM filter layer of the present invention has the brightness of 6 cd/m 2  or less. This experimental results show that the brightness of the panel of the present invention is almost the same as that of the conventional panel. However, the object of the present invention is to lower reflectance and to improve transmissivity at the same time. Accordingly, it can be seen from Table 1 that the whole transmissivity of the panel to which the BM filter layer according to the present invention is applied is 80% or more, which is much higher than that of the conventional circular polarizing filter.  
         [0080]     Furthermore, in this case, only the BM filter layer is applied and measured. Thus, it was found that if a color adjustment film for improving contrast and chromatic purity, etc. is added, the brightness of the panel can be further improved.  
         [0081]     That is, it was found that the brightness was approximately 3 cd/m 2  or less when the color adjustment film of 70% Film was applied, and the brightness was approximately 1 to 2 cd/m 2  or less when the color adjustment film of 50% Film was applied. Thus, it can be seen that the filter having the color adjustment film provides a high quality filter the brightness of which is higher than that of the prior art.  
         [0082]     Consequently, it was found that in luminous efficiency of the panel, transmissivity was improved about 30% higher than the prior art although only the BM filter layer was applied. Further, if the panel includes the color adjustment film for improving the chromatic purity and contrast, it was found that luminous efficiency of 35% or more by maximum was obtained.  
         [0083]     The base film of the BM filter layer can polyethylene terephthalate (PET), tri acetyl cellulose (TAC), acryl (PMMA), polyamide (PA), and the like. The black matrix. (BM) can be made of a gray color-based material. The materials of the base film and the BM can include those of the conventional display panel. This will be below described in short.  
         [0084]     The method of forming the black matrix (BM) can include a conventional plating method, a photolithography method, a patterning method and a printing method.  
         [0085]     The BM material can include the following materials.  
         [0086]     (1) It can be formed by blackening a material such as Cu through an electroplating method.  
         [0087]     Examples of the blackening employ alloys of CuO and CuO2 being Cu oxide, or Al, Ni, Co, etc., or surface plating of Ni, Co, Al, Zn, etc.  
         [0088]     (2) Zn oxide, Al oxide, Fe oxide or Co oxide  
         [0089]     (3) Organic material, more particularly, a photoresist material for allowing a pattern mode, an emulsion material that can be used as a photomask  
         [0090]     (4) Organic dyes or inorganic dyes through a printing method.  
         [0091]     Further, preferably, the BM filter layer can be made of a conductive material such as Ag or Cu so that it can serve as an electromagnetic wave blocking film. Exact evil influence for electromagnetic waves of organic EL has not been reported so far. It is, however, possible to fabricate safer and environment-friendly products by additionally forming the electromagnetic wave blocking function.  
         [0092]     Moreover, since the BM filter layer of the organic EL display panel is formed through conventional technologies, description on material properties of BM and a method of forming the BM will be omitted.  
         [0093]     Referring again to  FIG. 3 , an ultraviolet (UV) absorbing layer  320  can be further formed on-the BM filter layer  310  described with reference to  FIG. 4 .  
         [0094]     The UV absorbing layer  320  serves to reduce loss of emission brightness of the organic electroluminescent device and to prevent damage of the device from UV. In addition, the filter can be constructed by adding a functional film for improving color adjustment and contrast.  
         [0095]      FIG. 5  is a graph for designing the filter according to the first embodiment of the present invention the filter based on the amount of emission light through spectrum analysis of the panel.  
         [0096]     In  FIG. 5 , there is shown a graph for designing a filter based on measured emission of an organic EL display panel in order to design a film filter having improved color adjustment and contrast.  
         [0097]     A curve under the graph is a spectrum curve of light emitted from the panel. Usually, a band of 400 nm shows blue, a band of 520 to 530 nm shows-green, and a band of 620 nm shows red.  
         [0098]     A visible ray band having the lowest amount of emission is a region corresponding to orange and yellow, which ranges from 560 nm to 590 nm. A curve over the emission curve is a draft for designing an organic EL filter according to the present invention on the basis of panel emission as such. The filter is designed so that the UV region is blocked. It can be seen that in the visible ray region, the filter is designed by sharply blocking a wavelength region corresponding to orange and yellow.  
         [0099]     R/G/B color coordinate shift characteristics of the organic EL display panel when the filter designed as above is used will now be compared with those of the prior art with reference to  FIG. 6 .  
         [0100]      FIG. 6  is a graph showing the color coordinate shift characteristics.  
         [0101]     A common organic EL panel has a characteristic in that chromatic purity is relatively lowered. In the grapy of  FIG. 6 , a dotted triangle indicates a color coordinate shift of the panel itself, and a solid line triangle indicates a color coordinate shift when the filter according to the present invention is used.  
         [0102]     From  FIG. 6 , it can be seen that if the filter according to the present invention is used, the area of the triangle, which corresponds to a range of the color coordinate shift, is very wide. This means that a color representation range becomes wide by using the filter. Table 2 below shows R/G/B color coordinates when the filter of the present invention is used.  
                                             TABLE 2                                   X Coordinate   Y Coordinate                                        R   0.641   0.351           G   0.302   0.626           B   0.128   0.181                      
 
         [0103]      FIGS. 7   a  to  7   c  are views illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0104]     The organic electroluminescent device of a passive type according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be below described with reference to  FIG. 7   a  to  7   c.    
         [0105]     Referring first to  FIG. 7   a , a plurality of anodes  412  made of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is formed on a transparent substrate  411  with a given distance therebetween. A black insulating film  413  for providing insulation among pixels is then formed on the entire surface other than pixel (A) portions, which will become light-emitting regions.  
         [0106]     In this time, preferably, the black insulating film  413  covers portions except for the light-emitting regions (pixel portions), and can be patterned in the form of a stripe or matrix.  
         [0107]     Further, the black insulating film  413  can be made of any one of organic material, inorganic material, polymer, inorganic material oxide, and a mixture of the materials. The color of the black insulating film  413  absorbs all light emitted from the visible ray region, and has a sufficient insulation characteristic to provide insulation among the pixels.  
         [0108]     Referring next to  FIG. 7   b , barrier ribs  414  are formed on the black insulator  413  between the pixel (A) portions in a direction vertical to the anodes  412 .  
         [0109]     Referring to  FIG. 7   c , an organic EL layer and a cathode  416  are sequentially formed on the entire surface including the barrier ribs  414 .  
         [0110]     In this time, the organic EL layer and the cathode  416  of each pixel (A) are electrically insulated by the black insulator  413  between the respective pixels (A) and the barrier ribs  414  formed thereon.  
         [0111]     An optical filter  417  is formed in a direction in which light generated from the EL layer of the organic electroluminescent device formed as above is outputted toward the outside.  
         [0112]     The optical filter  417  has a constant transmissivity (50% or more) in the visible ray region. In this time, the transmissivity is controlled according to a wavelength, thus adjusting color coordinate and a color representation rate.  
         [0113]     Further, the optical filter  417  can be formed in a film shape, and can is directly coated or deposited on the substrate.  
         [0114]     The material of the optical filter  417  can be any one of organic material, inorganic material, polymer, inorganic material oxide, and a mixture of the materials. The optical filter  417  can have a visible ray transmissivity of 50% or more.  
         [0115]      FIG. 8   a  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of the organic electroluminescent device taken along line a-a′ in  FIG. 7   c .  FIG. 8   b  is a cross-sectional view illustrating the construction of the organic electroluminescent device taken along line b-b′ in  FIG. 7   c . The positions of the organic EL layer  415  and the cathode  416 , which are not shown in  FIG. 7   c , can be seen from  FIGS. 8   a  and  8   b.    
         [0116]      FIG. 9  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a third embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0117]     The construction of the organic electroluminescent device according to this embodiment will now be described with reference to  FIG. 9 . It is to be noted that the organic electroluminescent device according to this embodiment has the same basic construction as that of the second embodiment except that it is an active type organic electroluminescent device.  
         [0118]     First, a semiconductor layer  522  such as polysilicon, which will be used as an active layer of a thin film transistor, is formed on a transparent substrate  521 , and is then patterned.  
         [0119]     A gate insulating film  523  is formed. Next, a gate electrode  524  is deposited and is then patterned.  
         [0120]     Then, an impurity such as boron (B) or phosphor (P) is injected into portions of the semiconductor layer  522 , and is then annealed to form a source-drain region  522   a - 522   c  of the thin film transistor.  
         [0121]     An interlayer insulating film  525  is deposited on the gate electrode  524 . Portions of the gate insulating film  523  and the interlayer insulating film  525  on the source-drain region  522   a - 522   c  of the thin film transistor are then etched to form contact holes. Thereafter, electrode lines  526  are formed in the contact holes.  
         [0122]     In this time, the contact holes are also formed on the drain region of a switching transistor. Metal electrodes are formed on the contact holes and a region where a capacitor is formed.  
         [0123]     Thereafter, an insulating film  527  is formed on the electrode lines  526 . A portion of the insulating film  526  of the source region is etched, and a transparent conductive material such as ITO and IZO is then deposited on the exposed surface as an anode electrode  528 . Next, a black insulating film  529  is formed to cover some of the anode electrode  528 . Thereafter, an organic light-emitting layer  530  and a-cathode electrode  531  are sequentially formed on the black insulating film  529 .  
         [0124]     In this time, it is preferred that the black insulating film  529  covers the portions other than the light-emitting regions. The black insulating film  529  can be patterned in the form of a stripe or matrix.  
         [0125]     Furthermore, the black insulating film  529  can be made of any one of organic material, inorganic material, polymer, inorganic material oxide, and a mixture of the materials. The color of the black insulating film  529  absorbs all light emitted from the visible ray region, and has a sufficient insulation characteristic to provide insulation among pixels.  
         [0126]     Next, an optical filter  531  is formed in a direction in which light generated from the light-emitting layer  530  of the organic electroluminescent device formed as above is outputted toward the outside. In the third embodiment, the optical filter  531  has a bottom emission type.  
         [0127]     The optical filter  531  has a constant transmissivity (50% or more) in the visible ray region.  
         [0128]     In this time, the transmissivity is controlled according to a wavelength, thus adjusting color coordinate and a color representation rate.  
         [0129]     Further, the optical filter  531  can be formed in the form of a film, and can be directly coated or deposited on the substrate.  
         [0130]     The material of the optical filter  531  can be any one of organic material, inorganic material, polymer, inorganic material oxide, and a mixture of the materials, and it can have a visible ray transmissivity of 50% or more.  
         [0131]      FIG. 10  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0132]     The construction of  FIG. 10  is the same as that of  FIG. 9  except that a black insulating film  642  is deposited before a semiconductor material  642  is formed on a substrate  641 .  
         [0133]     As described above, the black insulating film  642  and an optical filter  653  are applied to the organic electroluminescent device having the bottom emission type of an active type driving mode. It is thus possible to improve the picture quality of the display device and to prevent degradation of a driving TFT due to external light and internal light.  
         [0134]      FIG. 11  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0135]     The construction of  FIG. 11  is the same as that of  FIG. 9  except that an anode  768  uses a metal electrode not the transparent electrode, and it has a top emission type in which a cathode electrode  771  is made transparent so that light generated from a light-emitting layer  770  of the organic electroluminescent device is outputted toward the cathode electrode  771 .  
         [0136]     If the cathode electrode  771  is formed, a passivation layer or a sealing cap  772  for protecting the organic film  770  of the organic electroluminescent device is formed, and an optical filter  773  is then formed.  
         [0137]     Meanwhile, the optical filter  773  is formed so that it itself has a barrier characteristic against moisture, oxygen, etc., and it can be thus used as a passivation layer.  
         [0138]      FIG. 12  is a view illustrating the construction of an organic electroluminescent device according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0139]     The construction of  FIG. 12  is the same as that of  FIG. 9  except that a TFT driving unit for driving the organic El device and an organic EL layer are formed in each substrate, and are then connected using a conductive material.  
         [0140]     As described above, the present invention are advantageous in that it can further improve not only reflectance but also transmissivity, and can provide a high quality filter with improved luminous efficiency. Furthermore, a black insulating film and an optical filter are used in an organic EL device at the same time. Accordingly, the present invention has effects in that it can significantly improve the brightness without significant reduction in contrast and can improve the picture quality of an organic EL device.  
         [0141]     While the present invention has been described with reference to the particular illustrative embodiments, it is not to be restricted by the embodiments but only by the appended claims. It is to be appreciated that those skilled in the art can change or modify the embodiments without departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention.