Abstract:
A seamless capsule comprising a content and a film for coating said content is disclosed. The content is a hydrophilic substance. A viscous liquid having a viscosity of not more than 1000 cp at 100° C. which is scarcely miscible with water is present between the content and the film. There is also disclosed a process for producing a seamless capsule which comprises simultaneously extruding a film solution for the seamless capsule, a hydrophilic substance solution and a viscous liquid which is scarcely miscible with water into a cooling solution from a concentrically arranged multiple nozzle composed of at least three nozzles, an outermost nozzle, an innermost nozzle and at least one intermediate nozzle placed in the middle position between the above nozzles, respectively, the diameter of said nozzle gradually increasing in that order.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to a seamless capsule containing a hydrophilic substance as a content, and a process for producing the same. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     Regarding seamless capsules which have hitherto been used for various applications, substances which can be encapsulated are specifically limited to lipophilic substances such as liquid oil, powder-suspended oil and the like. 
     Hydrophilic substances are not actually encapsulated in a stable state, because hydrophilic substances generally employ water as a solvent which makes the capsules soften on and after encapsulation. 
     In Japanese Patent Kokai No. 03-52639, there is disclosed a method for encapsulating a hydrophilic substance wherein a lower fatty acid ester of sucrose is provided between the hydrophilic substance and a film. Although the method actually produces a seamless capsule containing a hydrophilic substance, there is a problem in that the water content of the hydrophilic substance increasingly transfers to the film in the form of water vapor to soften the capsule or adhere to it, particularly at high temperatures (not less than 30° C.). Further, propagation of mold or bacterium is liable to arise with time due to the water content transferred to the film. There is also a quality problem in design. 
     OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION 
     One object of the present invention is to provide an excellent method for encapsulating a hydrophilic substance. 
     Another object of the present invention is to provide a seamless capsule having excellent stability in quality and high commercial value. 
     These objects as well as other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings. 
    
    
     BRIEF EXPLANATION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section illustrating one embodiment of the nozzle part of an apparatus which is suitable for producing the seamless capsule of the present invention. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention provides a seamless capsule which comprises a content and a film for coating said content, said content being a hydrophilic substance dissolved in a solvent having strong hygroscopicity, and a viscous liquid having a viscosity of not more than 1000 cp at 100° C. which is scarcely miscible with water being present between said content and said film. 
     Further, the present invention also provides a process for producing a seamless capsule which comprises simultaneously extruding a film solution for the seamless capsule, a hydrophilic substance solution and a viscous liquid which is scarcely miscible with water into a cooling solution from a concentrically arranged multiple nozzle composed of at least three nozzles, an outermost nozzle, an innermost nozzle and at least one intermediate nozzle placed in the middle position between the above nozzles, respectively, the diameter of said nozzle gradually increasing in that order. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     In the present invention, the content which can be seamless-encapsulated isnot limited to a specific one and can be anyone which can dissolve in a solvent having strong hygroscopicity and become a liquid under heating to be ejected from a nozzle. Examples thereof include various pharmaceutical solutions, foods, cosmetics, flavors, industrial chemicals and the like. 
     The solvent having strong hygroscopicity is not specifically limited and examples thereof include alcohols such as polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, glycerin, ethanol, methanol and the like. 
     The film substance of the seamless capsule used in the present invention isnot specifically limited and suitable examples thereof include a film-forming substance obtained by treating a composition containing gelatin, agar and low methoxyl pectin or sodium alginate with a compound by which an aqueous solution of low methoxyl pectin or sodium alginate canbe gelated; a film-forming substance obtained by subjecting a water-solublepolyvalent alcohol or water-soluble derivative thereof to a gelation treatment; a film-forming substance obtained by treating a mixture of a composition containing gelatin and agar and a composition containing gelatin and low methoxyl pectin or sodium alginate with a compound by which an aqueous solution of low methoxyl pectin and sodium alginate can be gelated and the like. Gelatin, agar and water-soluble polyvalent alcohol or water-soluble derivative thereof having the same grade as that of which is used for producing a conventional capsule may be employed as it is. 
     The water-soluble polyvalent alcohol or water-soluble derivative thereof isnot specifically limited and examples thereof include glycerin, polyglycerin, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, ethylene oxide-propylene oxide copolymer, oligosaccharide, sugar ester, glyceride, sorbitan ester and the like. 
     The amount of gelatin to be used is normally 60 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the capsule film. The amount of agar is 60 to 90% by weight based on the total weight of the capsule film. Suitable low methoxyl pectin is that having a molecular weight of not less than 200,000and a methoxylation degree of 1 to 6% (preferably 3.5 to 5%) and the amountthereof is 5 to 20% by weight, preferably 10 to 15% by weight based on the total weight of the film. The amount of the water-soluble polyvalent alcohol or water-soluble derivative thereof is 10 to 30% by weight, preferably 15 to 25% by weight based on the total weight of the film. The amount of gelatin is 65 to 75% by weight (in the case of using with agar),65 to 75% by weight (in the case of using with low methoxyl pectin) and 65 to 85% by weight (in the case of using with sodium alginate), respectively, based on the total weight of the mixture. In the case of usewith sodium alginate, the amount of gelatin is 1 to 10% by weight, preferably 3 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the film. As thecompound by which an aqueous solution of low methoxyl pectin or sodium alginate can be gelated, for example, there are salts of polyvalent metal having at least two valences. In the case of low methoxyl pectin, water-soluble salts of calcium, magnesium and the like may be suitably used. In the case of sodium alginate, water-soluble calcium salts such as calcium chloride, calcium phosphate and the like may be used. 
     In the seamless capsule of the present invention, a viscous liquid which isscarcely miscible with water is present between the above film and content. 
     The viscous liquid which is scarcely miscible with water may be anyone having a viscosity of not more than 1000 cp at 100° C. Examples thereof include emulsifiers, oils, resins and the like and they may be used alone or in combination thereof. Examples of the emulsifier include nonionic emulsifiers having HLB value of 2 to 8 such as sucrose fatty acidester, propylene glycol fatty acid ester, glycerin fatty acid ester (e.g. long chain fatty acid triglyceride, medium chain fatty acid triglyceride, etc.), ampho-ionic emulsifiers such as lecithin or a mixture thereof. Examples of oils include vegetable fats and oils, animal fats and oils andmineral oil of which solubility in 100 g of absolute alcohol at 150°C. is not more than 50 g, for example, sesame oil, coffee oil, rapeseed oil, brown rice oil, liquid paraffin or mixture thereof are preferred. Further, dl-α-tocopherol, isobutylene polymers (e.g. polybutylene, polybutene, etc.), resins (e.g. silicone resin, vinyl acetate resin, etc.)and the like can be used. Further, as described above, the viscous liquid is present between the content and film in the case of producing the capsule. However, it is not necessarily required that the viscous liquid is present between the content and film, and it may be present in the content in the separate state. 
     Hereinafter, a process for producing the seamless capsule of the present invention will be explained with reference to the accompanying drawing. 
     FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section illustrating one embodiment of the nozzle part of an apparatus which is suitable for producing the seamless capsule of the present invention. 
     A capsule content 4 which is supplied into a nozzle part is extruded from an inner nozzle (first nozzle) 1 and a viscous liquid which is scarcely miscible with water is extruded from an annular pore tip of an intermediate nozzle (second nozzle) 2 and, at the same time, a film solution for a seamless capsule 6 is extruded from an annular pore tip part of an outer nozzle (third nozzle) 3, and then a three-phase compositejet thus obtained is ejected into a cooling solution 8 to obtain a seamlesscapsule 7 of the present invention. The capsule 7 comprises a central core 9, a film-forming outer wall 10 and a discrete layer 11 between the central core 9 and the outer wall 10. 
     In this case, when the content jet 3 is a two-phase jet, a triplex soft capsule is obtained and, when it is a three-phase jet, a quadruplex soft capsule is obtained. Similarly, a desired multiplex soft capsule 7 is produced. Further, the other nozzle, for example, a medium nozzle itself may be multiplex. 
     The filler is liquid and, therefore, by providing a suitable vibration to the composite jet flow using a vibration means, dropping of the jet flow may be improved. whereby, encapsulation is easily conducted, which resultsin uniform particle size. 
     The seamless capsule thus produced as described above may be dried as it isand then washed. 
     In general, as the film of the seamless capsule, water-soluble film substances such as gelatin may be used as the film. Particularly, in the production of the seamless capsule by a dropping method, an aqueous solution of the film substance is extruded out from a nozzle and, therefore, the water content of the film substance is large (not less than70%). Accordingly, when a hydrophilic substance containing alcohols as a solvent is used as the content, the film solution is reacted with alcohol and, therefore, no capsule can be formed. However, according to the present invention, the reaction of the film solution with alcohol can be prevented by providing a viscous liquid which is scarcely miscible with water between the film and the content (hydrophilic substance), and a seamless capsule of a hydrophilic substance containing alcohol as a solvent can be easily obtained by a dropping method. Further, by using alcohol as a solvent of the content, softening of the film and propagationof mold or bacterium due to the water content transferred to the film can be prevented and stable quality can be obtained. 
     EXAMPLES 
     The following Examples further illustrate the present invention in detail but are not to be construed to limit the scope thereof. 
     A seamless capsule in the following Examples is composed of a content solution (solution I), a viscous liquid (solution II) which is present between a film solution and the content solution and the film solution (solution III). 
     EXAMPLE 1 
     By using polyethylene glycol 400 (molecular weight: 380 to 420) as a solvent for a solution I and using sucrose fatty acid ester (SAIB) as a viscous liquid (solution II), a mouth refrigerant capsule of 3.2 mmφ containing herb extract was produced. 
     
         ______________________________________(Formulation 1)Ingredients  Amount (% by weight)                         Ratio (%)______________________________________Solution I:Polyethylene glycol        96.5Herb extract 2.0              70Sweetener    1.0Flavor       0.5Solution II:SAIB         80.01-Menthol    15.0             20Flavor       5.0Solution III:Gelatin      20.0D-sorbitol   5.0              10Water        75.0______________________________________ 
    
     By using a concentric triplex nozzle, a herb extract solution containing PEG 400 as a solvent (solution I) was extruded from an inner nozzle and a 1-menthol solution containing SAIB as a main ingredient (solution II) heated to 80° C. was extruded from an intermediate nozzle and, at the same time, a gelatin solution (solution III) heated to 60° C. was extruded from an outer nozzle to form a three-phase jet in a ratio as shown in Formulation 1, and then the jet was injected into a vegetable oilcooled to 12° C., which was descending at a flow rate of 0.3 m/second, to obtain a seamless capsule. Regarding the capsule after drying, no softening and dissolution were observed at high temperature (not less than 30° C.), and it was stable. The capsule was transparent and had good mouth feel and taste. 
     EXAMPLE 2 
     By using PEG 400 (molecular weight: 380 to 420) as a solvent for a solutionI and using sucrose fatty acid ester (SAIB) as a viscous liquid (solution II), a mouth refrigerant capsule of 3.2 mmφ containing herb medicine extract was produced. 
     
         ______________________________________(Formulation 2)Ingredients  Amount (% by weight)                         Ratio (%)______________________________________Solution I:Polyethylene glycol        97.0Gambir extract        1.5              65Sweetener    1.0Flavor       0.5Solution II:SAIB         80.01-Menthol    15.0Cinnamon oil 1.0              20Fennel oil   1.6Clove oil    1.6Flavor       0.3Solution III:Gelatin      20.0D-sorbitol   5.0              15Water        75.0______________________________________ 
    
     According to the same preparation condition as that described in Example 1,a seamless capsule was obtained. Regarding the capsule after drying, no softening and dissolution were observed at high temperature (not less than30° C.), and it was stable. The herb medicine capsule was transparent and had good mouth feel and taste. 
     EXAMPLE 3 
     By using ethyl alcohol as a solvent for a solution I and using coffee oil as a viscous liquid (solution II), a coffee capsule of 3.2 mmφ containing coffee extract was produced. 
     
         ______________________________________(Formulation 3)Ingredients   Amount (% by weight)                         Ratio (%)______________________________________Solution I:Ethyl alcohol 60.0Polyvinyl pyrrolidone         25.0            65(PVP)Sweetener     1.0Coffee flavor 14.0Solution II:Coffee oil (press oil)         100.0           20Solution III:Gelatin       12.0Lactose       8.0             15Water         75.0______________________________________ 
    
     According to the same preparation condition as that described in Example 1,a seamless capsule was obtained. Regarding the capsule after drying, no softening and dissolution were observed at high temperature (not less than30° C.), and it was stable. The coffee capsule was transparent and had good mouth feel and taste.