Abstract:
A cable-driven liner loading system for loading of an invertible liner onto a trailer bed and unloading the invertible liner from the trailer bed. A movable trolley is supported between a pair of tracks defined by C-shaped members. The movable trolley is actuated by a cable system that is driven by a winch and a set of pulleys, permitting the movable trolley to move along an axis of the trailer bed to facilitate loading of the invertible liner in a serpentine-like manner.

Description:
FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     This disclosure relates generally to loading systems for use in trailer beds of trailers and, more specifically, to cable-driven loading systems operable to assist in the loading and deployment of invertible liners used in the reinforcement and rehabilitation of underground conduit systems. 
     BACKGROUND 
     Resin-impregnated invertible liners are commonly deployed in underground conduit systems for reinforcing cement or corrugated steel conduits that have degraded with the passage of time and exposure to the elements. Invertible liners may have a variety of sizes depending on the diameter and length of the conduits into which they are to be installed. Loading, transportation, and deployment of such liners are labor intensive processes. While movable crane systems have been developed to assist in loading invertible liners onto trailer beds, it is typical for such crane systems to involve the use of exposed pneumatic cables running the length of the trailer, such as along the underside of the trailer roof. During operation of such loading systems, the temperature of the exterior of the pneumatic cables increases. Because the invertible liner material is sensitive to heat, operations of these conventional crane systems have to be carefully carried out in a manner that avoids compromising the integrity of the liners during loading, transportation, or deployment. 
     Another drawback of conventional systems for facilitating the loading and unloading of invertible liners is that the controls for operating the movable components of the system to effect or prepare for loading or unloading of the invertible liner are located in a fixed position, typically on the side of the trailer. If the trailer is stationed above a manhole on a busy roadway, or parked adjacent other vehicles, positioning an operator in close proximity to the controls may be dangerous or difficult. 
     The manner in which these and other drawbacks of conventional liner loading systems is overcome is described in more detail in the following sections of the present disclosure. 
     SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE 
     A cable-driven system for loading and unloading an invertible liner onto and off of a trailer bed includes a frame and a movable trolley. The trolley is driven along inwardly-facing C-shaped tracks running the length of the frame in the trailer bed. The invertible liner is threaded over the movable trolley, and moving the movable trolley along the tracks causes the liner to be fed over the top of the movable trolley onto the trailer bed below. The liner is stacked in a serpentine manner by repeated reversals of direction of the movable trolley after the trolley has traveled in either direction along the track. Depending on the length of the liner to be loaded, it may be possible to load a plurality of liners onto a single truck bed using the loading system of the present disclosure. For instance, one might load a first liner in a serpentine manner toward a front of the truck bed, and a second liner may be loaded in a serpentine manner toward the rear of the truck bed. To accomplish this, the direction of the trolley may be reversed in shorter increments than substantially the entire length of travel of the tracks along the truck bed. Alternately, or additionally, depending on the width of the liners when laid flat or loaded in a serpentine manner, multiple liners may be loaded side-by-side, either sequentially or simultaneously. 
     The upper webs of the C-shaped tracks of the frame are connected by halo crossbeam structures to improve the structural integrity of the frame, and the halo crossbeam structures between the upper webs may be telescopingly collapsible, at least during a portion of the installation process, to enable the frame to be assembled outside a trailer bed and then loaded onto the trailer bed. Once installed in a truck bed, the telescoping components of each of the halo crossbeam structures can be welded together to prevent unwanted lateral collapse. A back roller may be rotatably connected to the upper rear end of the frame to assist with feeding the liner over the movable trolley, and the back roller may be driven by a system having a pressure compensated pump. Movement of the trolley is achieved by a cable that networks the trolley, several pulleys, and a winless winch. The winch is connected to a fixed displacement pump, which is powered by an engine. The fixed displacement pump connected to the winch and the pressure compensated pump connected to the back roller may be arranged with a single engine in a stacked manner, and either or both of the pumps may be controlled remotely. The engine may be battery-operated and contained in a housing with a cooling fan. 
     Reversal and stoppage of the movable trolley is controlled by a controller, which may either be manual or automated. For particularly long invertible liners, reversal of the movable trolley occurs after the movable trolley has traveled substantially the length of the trailer bed. When a manual controller is used, which may be a wired or wireless remote control device, an operator observes the movement of the trolley and, at a moment of their choosing, uses the manual controller to signal to the fixed displacement pump to selectively stop, or reverse direction of, the trolley. Alternately, the controller may be automated. In one embodiment with an automated controller, a microswitch is located in the lower web of one of the C-shaped tracks near either end of that track. The movable trolley has a wheel assembly, and contact between the wheel assembly of the trolley and a microswitch, or proximity of the wheel assembly to one of the microswitches, located in a track signals to the fixed displacement pump to selectively stop, or reverse the direction of, the trolley. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING 
         FIG. 1  is a perspective view of an elongate roller table illustrating a dual-layered invertible liner being prepared for loading onto a trailer bed by evacuating air from the invertible liner and impregnating an inner fabric layer of the invertible liner with resin; 
         FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a trailer bed with the tires, walls, and roof thereof illustrated in dashed lines for clarity, with a cable-driven liner loading system of the present disclosure provided therein and an invertible liner being loaded onto the trailer bed; 
         FIG. 2A  is an enlarged view of one of a plurality of D-shaped rings provided at a rear end of the cable-driven liner loading system; 
         FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view taken along lines  3 - 3  of  FIG. 2 , illustrating the layers of the invertible liner being loaded by the cable-driven liner loading system; 
         FIG. 4  is a top plan view of the liner loading system illustrated in  FIG. 2 , taken along lines  4 - 4  of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 4A  is a cross-section view taken along lines  4 A- 4 A of  FIG. 4 , illustrating the telescopingly-collapsible nature of the halo crossbeam structures of the loading system frame, which facilitates installation of the frame onto a trailer bed; 
         FIG. 4B  is an enlarged bottom perspective view, of the region of  FIG. 4  identified as  FIG. 4B , illustrating an offset arrangement of a pair of pulleys in a first frame pulley assembly of the liner loading system of the present disclosure. 
         FIG. 5  is a side view, partially broken away, taken along lines  5 - 5  of  FIG. 4 , illustrating a back roller driving system for a back roller provided at the rear end of the cable-driven liner loading system of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 6  is a cross-sectional view taken along lines  6 - 6  of  FIG. 4 , illustrating an end view of a wheel assembly and wheel assembly housing of a movable trolley engaged with a C-shaped channel of a track to facilitate motion of the movable trolley along a top of the cable-driven liner loading system of  FIG. 2 ; 
         FIG. 7  is a plan view taken along lines  7 - 7  of  FIG. 4 , illustrating an adjustable cable connection and one side of the movable trolley of the cable-driven liner loading system engaged with an inwardly-directed C-shaped channel of a track provided along the top of the cable-driven liner loading system; 
         FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view, taken along lines  8 - 8  of  FIG. 4 , illustrating the wheel bearings of one side of the movable trolley within a complementary C-shaped channel of a track as illustrated in  FIG. 7 ; 
         FIG. 9  is a cross-sectional view taken along lines  9 - 9  of  FIG. 6 , illustrating a friction-reducing pad secured the wheel assembly housing of one side of the movable trolley, with a wall of a hollow bar (not shown) intermediate the roller bearings and the friction-reducing pad; 
         FIG. 10  is a side view, partially broken away, taken along lines  10 - 10  of  FIG. 4 , illustrating the networking between the cable, pulleys, and winch, and the connection with the engine that drives the winch, used to actuate the movable trolley of the cable-driven liner loading system; 
         FIG. 11  is a side view of a trailer bed with the tires, walls, and roof thereof illustrated in dashed lines for clarity, with a cable-driven liner loading system of the present disclosure provided therein and a liner being unloaded from the trailer bed and fed to a frame for inversion and deployment down a manhole and along an underground conduit; 
         FIG. 12  is a rear perspective view illustrating a liner being unloaded from the trailer bed and fed to a frame for inversion and deployment down a manhole and along an underground conduit; 
         FIG. 12A  is an enlarged view of the region of  FIG. 12  designated  12 A, illustrating a high-friction surface of a rear roller of the liner loading system; and 
         FIG. 13  is a cross-sectional view taken along lines  13 - 13  of  FIG. 12 , illustrating the manner in which the liner is secured to the frame for inversion and deployment into the manhole. 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS 
     A method for inverting a invertible liner  100  in a hollow conduit is explained in US 20100122767 A1, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. Invertible liners typically have diameters in the range of 42″ to 60″, though they may range anywhere from 4″ to 102″ in diameter, or more, and have lengths in the range of 12 feet to 1400 feet. Invertible liners are cumbersome to load onto a trailer bed  102  for delivery to a jobsite. The maximum weight of a liner that can be loaded onto a given trailer is capped by regulations governing appropriate loads depending on trailer rating, and by knowing the weight-per-foot of a given invertible liner diameter, the loader can calculate the maximum length of liner to load onto a trailer. By using a cable-driven liner loading system  104  of the present disclosure, both the loading of an invertible liner  100  onto a trailer bed  102  for transportation to an installation site, and unloading and deployment of the invertible liner  100  for reinforcing a hollow conduit, are facilitated. 
       FIG. 1  illustrates preparation of an invertible liner  100  prior to being loaded onto the trailer bed  102  via a cable-driven liner loading system  104 . The invertible liner  100  is threaded over a first loading roller  106  and onto an elongate roller table  108 . While resting on the elongate roller table  108 , air is first vacuumed out of the invertible liner  100  via a port  110  in the invertible liner  100 . Resin is then injected into an inner fabric layer  101  of the invertible liner  100  through a second port  111 . A second loading roller  112  flattens the invertible liner  100  and assists in evenly distributing the resin throughout the inner fabric layer of the invertible liner  100 . 
       FIG. 2  illustrates the cable-driven liner loading system  104  of the present disclosure assembled on a trailer bed  102  and loading a invertible liner  100  onto the trailer bed  102 . The frame  200  of the cable-driven liner loading system  104  is rectangular and has a length, width, and height only slightly less than the length, width, and height of the trailer in which the cable-driven liner loading system is placed. Such dimensions of the cable-driven liner loading system  104  are desirable because they enable the frame  200  to be permanently secured to the interior of the trailer by, for example, welding the frame  200  to the trailer interior. Permanently securing the frame  200  to the trailer provides structural support for the cable-driven liner loading system. In addition, dimensions of the frame  200  that are only slightly less than the dimensions of the trailer are desirable because they maximize the storage space for the invertible liner  100 . A common length dimension for the frame  200  would be 50 feet long, as this fits well inside a standard 53 foot long trailer, but could be anywhere in the range of 20 feet long to 50 feet long, either to fit within shorter trailers or to be accommodated in, but not occupy substantially the entire length of, a given trailer. 
     Tracks  202  running the length of the frame  200  are secured to the top of the frame  200  on opposite sides of the frame  200 . The tracks  202  consist of two inner-facing C-shaped channels. A movable trolley  204  has a wheel assembly  206  (see  FIGS. 8 and 9 ) on either side that is engaged with the C-shaped channels of the tracks  202 . The invertible liner  100  is threaded over a roller  205  of the movable trolley  204  such that moving the movable trolley  204  in a first direction causes the invertible liner  100  to be fed over the top of the movable trolley roller  205  onto the trailer bed  102  in the first direction and moving the movable trolley  204  in a second direction causes the invertible liner  100  to be fed over the top of the movable trolley roller  205  onto the trailer bed  102  in the second direction. A back roller  208  may be rotatably connected to an upper rear end of the frame  200  to assist with feeding the invertible liner  100  over the top of the movable trolley roller  205 . Additionally, a plurality of hingedly-mounted b-rings  210  may be provided along a rear vertical portion of the frame  200  to provide a way to tie off a invertible liner  100 . 
       FIG. 2A  is an enlarged view of one of the hingedly-mounted D-rings  210  provided along a vertical member at a rear end of the frame  200  of the cable-driven liner loading system  104 . When the invertible liner  100  has been tied off at the D-rings, the plurality of D-rings  210  help prevent the invertible liner  100  from prematurely unfurling or falling off the back end of the trailer bed  102 . 
       FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of the invertible liner  100  being loaded onto the trailer bed  102  by the cable-driven liner loading system  104 . The inner fabric layer  101  of the invertible liner  100  is impregnated with resin, from the pre-loading process described above and illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
       FIG. 4  is a top plan view of the cable-driven liner loading system  104  illustrated in  FIG. 2 . Connecting the top webs of the C-shaped channels of the tracks  202  on either side of the frame  200  are halo crossbeam structures  402 , also referred to herein as halos, connected perpendicularly to each side of the frame  200 . The halos  402  are disposed at spaced intervals from one another. Each halo  402  may simply be a single beam. In a preferred embodiment, as illustrated in  FIG. 4A , the frame  200  is laterally collapsible because each halo  402  includes at least three crossbars arranged telescopically, with an inner crossbar  403  extending substantially the width of the frame  200 , enclosed within hollow crossbars  402   a  and  402   b  connected perpendicularly to opposite sides of the frame  200 . The lateral collapsibility facilitates installation of the frame past the rear end of a trailer, which is relatively narrower than the walls of the trailer. Once the frame  200  is fully positioned within the trailer, the halos  402  can be laterally re-extended, then the inner crossbar  403  can be welded to the hollow crossbars  402   a ,  402   b , as illustrated in  FIG. 4A  by welds  405 , for lateral rigidity and structural stability. In a preferred embodiment, the cable-driven liner loading system  104  contains an odd number of halos  402 . A particularly-preferred embodiment has five halos  402 , spaced at approximately 5-foot intervals along the length of the frame  200 . 
     The movable trolley  204  is moved using a cable  404 . The cable  404 , which is preferably a ⅝″ diameter cable, networks between a first frame pulley assembly  406  at the upper rear of the frame  200 , a second frame pulley  408  at the upper front of the frame  200  (including pulleys  411 ,  412 ), a winch  410  at the lower front of the frame  200 , and an adjustable cable connection  414  on the movable trolley  204 . In a preferred embodiment, the first frame pulley assembly  406  contains two pulleys disposed along a plane parallel to the bed of the trailer bed  102  and perpendicular to the second frame pulley  408  and third frame pulley  412 . In this embodiment, the two pulleys of the first frame pulley assembly  406  are offset from one another in the longitudinal and latitudinal directions within the plane perpendicular to the second and third frame pulleys (as illustrated in  FIGS. 4 and 4B ). This permits the use of pulleys of desired effective diameters, for example four inch diameter pulleys, preferably with a ½″ center-to-center lateral off-set, without having to impart undue lateral stresses on the cable, as might be the case if the two pulleys of the first frame pulley assembly  406  were disposed side-by-side. The second frame pulley  408  and the third frame pulley  412  are disposed in planes parallel to one another and to the sides of the trailer bed  102  and perpendicular to the first frame pulley assembly  406 . 
     The winch  410  is disposed below the second frame pulley  408  and the third frame pulley  412 . The winch  410  has a plurality of circumferential cable grooves, and in a preferred embodiment, the ratio of the number of cable grooves occupied by wraps of the cable  404  relative to the total number of cable grooves of the winch  410  is less than one. The winch  410  is operably connected to a fixed displacement pump  416 . The fixed displacement pump  416  is operably connected to an engine  418 , which is preferably battery-operated. The engine  418  is preferably stored in an engine housing  420  containing a cooling fan. 
       FIG. 5  illustrates the back roller  208  and a back roller driving mechanism  500  provided at the rear end of the frame  200  of the cable-driven liner loading system  104  of  FIG. 2 . The back roller  208  may be covered in a friction-increasing material such as vulcanized rubber, and may have grooves in a tread pattern as illustrated in  FIG. 12A . The back roller driving mechanism  500  may be in communication with a pressure compensated pump  502  operably connected to the back roller  208  via a fluid supply hose  501  and a fluid return hose  503 . The pressure compensated pump  502  may be located at the rear end of the cable-driven liner loading system  104 , and may be arranged in a stacked manner with the engine  418  and the fixed displacement pump  416 . Either the fixed displacement pump  416 , the pressure compensated pump  502 , or both the fixed displacement pump  416  and the pressure compensated pump  502  may be controlled using a remote control. The remote control may be a wireless remote control. 
       FIG. 6  illustrates an end view of the movable trolley  204  engaged with the C-shaped channel of one of the tracks  202 . A wheel assembly  206  operates along the bottom web of the C-shaped channel of one of the tracks  202 . Surrounding the wheel assembly  206  is a wheel assembly housing  602 . The wheel assembly  206  and wheel assembly housing  602  are part of the movable trolley  204  and enable the movable trolley  204  to move along the tracks  202 . The wheel assembly  206  includes a system of roller bearing wheels, which may be stainless steel wheel bearings, arranged with two upper wheels  600  (to engage and ride along a lower surface of a top web  202   a  of the C-shaped channel of the track  202 ) and two lower wheel bearings  601  (to engage and ride along an upper surface of a lower web  202   b  of the C-shaped channel of the track  202 ). One of the plurality of upper wheel bearings  600  is adjacent to an upper leading end of the wheel assembly housing  602  and another of the plurality of upper wheel bearings  600  is adjacent to an upper trailing end of the wheel assembly housing  602 , while two of the plurality of lower wheel bearings  601  are disposed in a direction along the lower length of the rectangular frame of the wheel assembly  206  inboard of the two previously-described upper wheel bearings  600 . 
       FIG. 7  provides a side view of the adjustable cable connection  414  and one side of the movable trolley  204  of the cable-driven liner loading system  104  engaged with the C-shaped channel of one of the tracks  202 . The adjustable cable connection  414 , which may include a turnbuckle, allows for adjustments to be made to take up any unwanted slack in the cable  404 . As previously described, the cable  404  networking between the first frame pulley assembly  406 , second frame pulley  408 , third frame pulley  412 , and winch  410  is connected to the movable trolley  204  by the adjustable cable connection  414 , which enables the movable trolley  204  to be moved along the tracks  202 . 
     The controller that actuates the winch  410  to control movement of the movable trolley  204  may be in communication with a plurality of microswitches  804 . One of the microswitches  804  is located within the C-shaped channel near either end of the tracks  202 . The microswitches  804  are switched by contact with, or proximity of, the wheel assembly  206 . Upon being switched, the switched microswitch  804  signals to the controller associated with the fixed displacement pump  416  to selectively stop, or reverse direction of, the winch  410 , thereby either stopping or reversing direction of travel of the movable trolley  204  along the tracks  202  via the networking between the winch  410 , the cable  404 , the second frame pulley  408 , the first frame pulley assembly  406 , the third frame pulley  412 , and the adjustable cable connection  414 . In alternate embodiments, the controller  802  is a manually-operated controller activated by a person observing the cable-driven liner loading system  104  and selectively reversing or stopping the hand controls (or remote controls) when the movable trolley  204  reaches a desired position. Each track  202  may be provided with a stop plate  203  on the lower web  202   b  of the C-shaped channel thereof, toward a rear end of the frame  200 , to prevent the wheel assemblies  206  on either side of the movable trolley  204  from running out of a rear end of the tracks  202 . If desired, the microswitches  804  toward the rear of the tracks  202  may be mounted directly to the stop plates  203 . 
       FIG. 9  illustrates a friction-reducing pad  900  secured to an outer side of the wheel assembly housing  602  between a vertical web  202   c  of the C-shaped channel of the track  202  and the wheel assembly housing  602 . The friction-reducing pad  900  minimizes the friction between the wheel assembly housing  602  and the inner side of the vertical web of the C-shaped channel of the track  202 . In a preferred embodiment, the friction-reducing pad  900  is made of a lubricious polymeric material such as NYLATRON®. 
       FIG. 10  illustrates the networking between the cable  404 , the second frame pulley  408 , the third frame pulley  412 , and the winch  410 . When the fixed displacement pump  416  is being powered by the engine  418 , the winch  410  may be rotated such that the cable  404  moves through the network of pulleys to advance the movable trolley  204  along the tracks  202 . 
     After the cable-driven liner loading system  104  has been arranged in a trailer bed  102  and the invertible liner  100  has been threaded over the movable trolley  20  of the cable-driven liner loading system  14  and, if present, the back roller  24 , a first layer of the invertible liner  100  is laid directly on the bed of the trailer bed  102  by moving the movable trolley  204  in the first direction. After the trolley has traveled at least substantially the length of the trailer bed in the first direction, the direction of the movable trolley  204  is reversed and a second layer of the invertible liner  100  is stacked on top of the first layer by moving the movable trolley  204  in the second direction. By repeatedly alternating between moving the movable trolley  204  in a first direction and a second direction after the movable trolley  204  has traveled substantially the length of the trailer bed  102  (or for as far along the trailer bed  102  as desired for a particular loading condition), the invertible liner  100  is stacked in a serpentine manner on the trailer bed  102 . 
       FIG. 11  illustrates unloading of an invertible liner  100  from a trailer bed  102  using the cable-driven liner loading system  104  of the present disclosure. As is the case with loading the invertible liner  100  onto the trailer bed  102  using the cable-driven liner loading system  104 , the invertible liner  100  is threaded over the roller  205  of the movable trolley  204  and the back roller  208 . If the cable-driven liner loading system  104  has a back roller driving system  500 , as opposed to merely an idle-roller for its back roller  208 , the direction in which the back roller  208  is driven is reversed for the operation of unloading the invertible liner  100 . When unloading the invertible liner  100  from the trailer bed  102 , moving the movable trolley  204  in a first linear direction for the distance of the top layer of invertible liner  100  stacked on the trailer bed  102  causes the invertible liner  100  to be fed over the top of the back roller  208  out of the cable-driven liner loading system  104 . Reversing the movable trolley  204  after traveling the distance of the top layer of the invertible liner  100 , which is stacked in a serpentine-like manner, and moving the movable trolley  204  in the second direction for the distance of the new top layer of invertible liner  100 , facilitates the invertible liner  100  to continue be fed over the top of the back roller  208  out of the cable-driven liner loading system  104 . By repeating this process of moving the movable trolley  204  in first direction for the length of a top layer of the invertible liner  100 , reversing the direction of the movable trolley  204 , and then moving the movable trolley  204  in a second direction of the length of each new top layer of the invertible liner  100 , the invertible liner  100  can be unloaded from the trailer bed  102  and fed to a frame for inversion and deployment down a manhole and along an underground conduit to be lined. 
     It will be recognized that as the back roller  208  may either be an idler roller or may be driven by back roller driving system  500 , the movable trolley roller  205  may either be an idler roller or may be driven by a trolley roller driving system (not shown), in the form of a chain-driven gear assembly similar to the back roller driving system  500  but provided on one side of the movable trolley  204 , which may be powered by a pressure compensated pump. The pressure compensated pump may communicate with the driving system of the movable trolley roller  205  via a fluid power hose and a fluid return hose, which are provided along the inside wall of the trailer but free to travel along the length of the trailer wall. On each end of the trailer, a hydraulic hose reel may be provided to selectively take up, and give up, slack to the respective fluid power hose and the fluid return hose as the movable trolley  204  moves linearly along the frame  200  of the cable-driven liner loading system  104 , thereby avoiding snags or entanglements. In embodiments where the movable trolley roller  205  is powered, it is preferable to provide the driven movable trolley roller  205  a non-skid fabric, such as a 2″, 2-ply, rough top PVC belting, typically used for conveyor belts or for pulley lagging, which is preferably secured to the movable trolley roller  205  by a suitably-strong adhesive, such as SCOTCH-GRIP High Performance Contact Adhesive  1357  from 3M of St. Paul, Minn. The non-skid fabric provides the movable trolley roller  205  with sufficient friction to temporarily stick to the invertible liner  100 , but without causing damage to the liner  100 . 
       FIG. 12  illustrates the invertible liner  100  being unloaded from the trailer bed  102  using the cable-driven liner loading system  104  and fed to a deployment apparatus  1300  for inversion and deployment down a manhole and along an underground conduit. The inversion of the invertible liner  100  as it goes through the deployment apparatus  1300  causes the resin-impregnated fabric layer  101 , previously disposed within a film-like outer layer of the invertible liner  100 , to be on the external side of the invertible liner  100 . High pressure air is inserted into the invertible liner  100  through the port  110  in the invertible liner, causing the liner to expand to the contours of the underground conduit into which it is inserted. Upon such expansion, the now-external resin-impregnated fabric layer  101  of the invertible liner  100  comes into contact with, and becomes adhered to, the walls of the underground conduit. 
       FIG. 13  is an enlarged view of the deployment apparatus  1300  and the manner in which the invertible liner  100  is secured to the deployment apparatus  1300 . The circumferential end of the invertible liner  100  is wrapped partially around the deployment apparatus  1300 , and the sides of the invertible liner  100  are separated by the deployment apparatus  1300  such that the invertible liner  100  can be inverted by being fed through itself. 
     While the cable-driven liner system of the present disclosure has been described with respect to various embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that variations can be made thereto which are still considered within the scope of the appended claims.