Abstract:
WDM optical tranmsmission equipment with redundant configuration includes a plurality of tranmitters. Each tranmitter includes active and standby panels including active and standby optical transmission circuits respectively having active and standby attenuators for controlling an attenuation amount of each output of the active and standby optical transmission circuits; and a coupler combining the outputs of the active and standby attenuators. An output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a set wavelength different from the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit, and the attenuation amount of the standby attenuator is set to the maximum, and the standby panel is set, and subsequently, the set wavelength of the output light of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a target wavelength identical to the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit, each having, and a wavelength control method of the light output in the standby system. The problem is solved of the light emitted in a standby system as affecting an active system, while the active system is in operation.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
   1. Field of the Invention 
   The present invention relates to wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission equipment with redundant configuration, and a wavelength control method of light output in the standby system of the optical transmission equipment. 
   2. Description of the Related Art 
   An optical transmission system employing a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission technique is used for large-capacity communication systems. 
   The optical transmission system is constituted of WDM optical transmission equipment sets interconnected by optical transmission lines. The WDM optical transmission equipment is constituted of a plurality of optical transmitters outputting optical wavelength signals modulated by the signals from signal sources, and a multiplexer multiplexing the optical wavelength signals having different wavelengths output from the plurality of optical transmitters. The multiplexed signal is then forwarded to a relevant optical transmission line. 
   To obtain stable operation of the optical transmission system, each set of the optical transmission equipment has a redundant configuration, namely, an active system and a standby system.  FIG. 1  is an exemplary configuration of the WDM optical transmission equipment in the optical transmission system. 
   The plurality of optical transmitters SD 1 -SD 4  respectively outputs optical signals of different optical wavelengths λ 1 -λ 4 . The optical signals of the optical wavelengths λ 1 -λ 4  output from the plurality of the optical transmitters SD 1 -SD 4  are input to corresponding input ports of a multiplexer  100  (exemplarily structured of an arrayed waveguide grating: AWG), in which the optical signals are wavelength-division-multiplexed. The wavelength-division-multiplexed output is input to an optical amplifier  101 , in which the output level therefrom is controlled constant, and amplified. Then the amplified output is forwarded to a non-illustrated optical transmission line. 
   The plurality of optical transmitters SD 1 -SD 4  are of identical structure. In the lower part of  FIG. 1 , an enlarged configuration of the optical transmitter SD 4  is shown, as one example. 
   The optical transmitter SD 4  has an active system and a standby system, each including an optical transmission circuit  1   a  (active system),  1   b  (standby system) having a laser diode of which emission wavelength is controllable (which is termed ‘tunable LD’) with an electric/optical conversion function, and a variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   a  (active system),  2   b  (standby system) for controlling an attenuation amount against each output. The outputs of variable optical attenuators (VOAs)  2   a ,  2   b  are input to a coupler  3 , combined and output therefrom. 
   Here, during operation of the active system, it is necessary to prepare a standby panel and set therein, so that switching to the standby system becomes ready. 
   Each of the active panel and the standby panel includes corresponding optical transmission circuit  1   a ,  1   b  and attenuator  2   a ,  2   b  for attenuating the output of optical transmission circuit  1   a ,  1   b.    
   When resetting the panel on the standby side while the active side is in operation, in order to set the wavelength of the tunable LD into the optical transmission circuit on the standby side to be switched to, and to perform bias setting into the modulator for modulating the wavelength of the tunable LD, it is necessary to emit light once on the standby side. 
   At this time, in the conventional configuration shown in  FIG. 1 , optical signals having an identical wavelength λ 4  are output from optical transmission circuits  1   a ,  1   b  on the active side and the standby side, respectively. 
   In this case, it is necessary to set the attenuation amount in variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b  as maximum against the output of optical transmission circuit  1   b  on the standby side. 
   There are broadly two reasons for setting variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b  to the maximum attenuation: 
   First, in the optical transmitter of the panel on the standby side to be reset, unless the light level input from the standby system to coupler  3  is controlled as small as possible, an optical signal in operation, which is input to coupler  3  from optical transmission circuit  1   a  and variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   a  on the active side, is coupled with the light from the standby system having the identical wavelength. This affects the optical signal in the operation system, and causes deteriorated transmission quality. 
   Secondly, in  FIG. 1 , the output of multiplexer  100  is input to optical amplifier  101  in which the output light level is controlled constant by an automatic level control (ALC) function. 
   More specifically, the optical signals from optical transmission circuits  1   a ,  1   b  have the identical light wavelengths λ 4 , and therefore if light is also output from optical transmission circuit  1   b  in the standby system, the output level of coupler  3  becomes large. Then, because of the ALC function provided in optical amplifier  101 , the levels of the components from the other optical transmitters SD 1 -SD 3  are controlled relatively small. 
   Now, in  FIG. 2 , detailed configurations of an optical transmission circuit  1   a  ( 1   b ) and a variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   a  ( 2   b ) are shown. 
   In optical transmission circuit  1   a  ( 1   b ), the controllable emission wavelength from the laser diode (tunable LD: shown as TN-LD in the figure)  10  is controlled by wavelength controller  11 , and the wavelength controlled light output from the tunable LD is output after being modulated in modulator  12  correspondingly to a transmission signal. A bias controller  13  controls a bias voltage against modulator  12 , in proportion to the signal level. 
   Meanwhile, variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   a  ( 2   b ) includes a current-variable attenuator  20 , producing a predetermined attenuation by supplying a reference current from a drive circuit  22 . Further, a photodetector  21  senses the output level of coupler  3 , and drive circuit  22  controls the drive current based on the sensed output level. In such away, the attenuation amount of attenuator  20  is controlled constant. 
   Here, current-variable attenuator  20  has a temperature dependant attenuation property as shown in  FIG. 3 . In  FIG. 3 , the horizontal axis represents a current fed from drive circuit  22 , while the vertical axis represents a loss amount, i.e. attenuation. A maximum attenuation is obtained at a predetermined current value. 
   As shown in the figure, the attenuation property varies with the temperature, and therefore the control amount (drive current) to obtain the maximum attenuation also varies with the temperature. As explained earlier, when resetting the standby system, it is necessary to produce the maximum attenuation against the output of optical transmission circuit  1   b  in the standby system state. However, because the attenuation property varies with the temperature, the precise attenuation property cannot be known, and accordingly, it is difficult to set the drive current which produces the maximum attenuation. 
   Therefore, in this case, the outputs of other optical transmitters are affected, as explained before. 
   Here, in the official gazette of the Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2003-298524, there is disclosed an invention in respect to a startup control method of a laser diode in the WDM technique. However, this invention is aimed to prevent deterioration caused by crosstalk with an adjacent wavelength when starting up the laser diode. There has been no suggestion about solving the difficulty in setting the standby system during operation in the active system. 
   SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
   Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission equipment with redundant configuration, and a wavelength control method for an output optical signal produced in the standby system, which solves a problem that the light emitted in the standby system affects the active system during the operation performed by the active system. 
   As an aspect of an optical transmitter according to the present invention to achieve the aforementioned object, the optical transmitter includes: active and standby panels respectively having active and standby optical transmission circuits, and active and standby attenuators for controlling an attenuation amount of each output of the active and standby optical transmission circuits; and a coupler combining the outputs of the active and standby attenuators. An output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a set wavelength different from the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit, and the attenuation amount of the standby attenuator is set to the maximum, and the standby panel is set accordingly. Subsequently, the set wavelength of the output light of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a target wavelength identical to the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit. 
   As a first aspect of WDM optical equipment according to the present invention to achieve the aforementioned object, the WDM optical equipment includes: a plurality of optical transmitters outputting optical signals of mutually different wavelengths; and a multiplexer inputting the light output from the plurality of optical transmitters into ports of the corresponding wavelengths, and multiplexing the light. Each of the plurality of optical transmitters includes: active and standby panels respectively having active and standby optical transmission circuits, and active and standby attenuators for controlling an attenuation amount of each output of the active and standby optical transmission circuits; and a coupler combining the outputs of the active and standby attenuators. An output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a set wavelength different from the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit, and the attenuation amount of the standby attenuator is set to the maximum, and the standby panel is set accordingly. Subsequently, the set wavelength of the output light of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a target wavelength identical to the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit. 
   As a second aspect of the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, in the first aspect, the WDM optical equipment further includes an optical amplifier controlling to maintain the multiplexer output to a constant level. 
   As a third aspect of the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, the WDM optical equipment includes: a plurality of optical transmitters outputting optical signals of mutually different wavelengths; a multiplexer inputting the light output from the plurality of optical transmitters into ports of the corresponding wavelengths, and multiplexing the light; and an optical amplifier controlling to maintain the multiplexer output to a constant level. Each of the plurality of optical transmitters includes: active and standby panels respectively having active and standby optical transmission circuits, and active and standby attenuators for controlling an attenuation amount of each output of the active and standby optical transmission circuits; and a coupler combining the outputs of the active and standby attenuators. An output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a wavelength different from the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit, and the attenuation amount of the standby attenuator is set to the maximum. Subsequently, the set wavelength of the output light of the standby optical transmission circuit is set to a target wavelength identical to the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit, and the standby panel is set. 
   Further, as a fourth aspect of the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, in the second or third aspect, the active and standby optical transmission circuits include laser diodes having characteristics such that the emission wavelengths vary with the temperature. When controlling the attenuation amount of the attenuator in the standby optical transmission circuit to the maximum, the laser diode in the standby optical transmission circuit is either heated or cooled so as to enable the laser diode to output the set wavelength in the wavelength direction opposite to the output light wavelength of the corresponding active optical transmission circuit. 
   Still further, as a fifth aspect of the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, in the third or fourth aspect, the attenuator is a current-controlled variable attenuator. 
   As a first aspect of a panel setting method for the standby system in the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, the panel setting method is provided in WDM optical equipment having a plurality of optical transmitters outputting optical signals of mutually different wavelengths, and a multiplexer inputting the light output from the plurality of optical transmitters into ports of the corresponding wavelengths and multiplexing the light. Here, each of the plurality of optical transmitters includes: active and standby panels respectively having active and standby optical transmission circuits, and active and standby attenuators for controlling an attenuation amount of each output of the active and standby optical transmission circuits; and a coupler combining the outputs of the active and standby attenuators. 
   The panel setting method for setting the standby system includes the steps of: setting an output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit to a wavelength different from the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit; setting the attenuation amount of the standby attenuator to the maximum; setting the standby panel; and subsequently, setting the output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit to a target wavelength identical to the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit. 
   As a second aspect of a panel setting method for the standby system in the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, an optical amplifier controls to maintain the multiplexer output to a constant level. 
   Further, as a third aspect of a panel setting method for the standby system in the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, the method is provided in WDM optical equipment having a plurality of optical transmitters outputting optical signals of mutually different wavelengths, a multiplexer inputting the light output from the plurality of optical transmitters into ports of the corresponding wavelengths and multiplexing the light, and an optical amplifier which controls the gain of the multiplexer output to a constant level. Each of the plurality of optical transmitters includes: active and standby panels respectively having active and standby optical transmission circuits, and active and standby attenuators for controlling an attenuation amount of each output of the active and standby optical transmission circuits; and a coupler combining the outputs of the active and standby attenuators. The panel setting method for the standby system includes the steps of: setting an output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit to a wavelength different from the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit; setting the attenuation amount of the standby attenuator to the maximum; subsequently, setting the output light wavelength of the standby optical transmission circuit to a target wavelength identical to the output light wavelength of the active optical transmission circuit; and setting the standby panel. 
   Still further, as a first aspect of a panel setting method for the standby system in the WDM optical equipment according to the present invention, the active and standby optical transmission circuits include laser diodes having characteristics such that the emission wavelengths vary with the temperature. When controlling the attenuation amount of the attenuator in the standby optical transmission circuit to the maximum, the laser diode in the standby optical transmission circuit is either heated or cooled so as to enable the laser diode to output the set wavelength in the wavelength direction opposite to the output light wavelength of the corresponding active optical transmission circuit. 
   Further scopes and features of the present invention will become more apparent by the following description of the embodiments with the accompanied drawings. 

   
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       FIG. 1  shows a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission equipment in an optical transmission system. 
       FIG. 2  shows a diagram illustrating detailed configurations of an optical transmission circuit  1   a  ( 1   b ) and a variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   a  ( 2   b ). 
       FIG. 3  shows a diagram illustrating a temperature dependant attenuation property of a current-variable attenuator. 
       FIG. 4  shows a diagram illustrating an exemplary configuration of WDM optical transmission equipment according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 5  shows an explanation diagram illustrating a setting principle of the standby system shown in  FIG. 4 . 
       FIG. 6  shows a flowchart illustrating a processing method for the setting principle shown in  FIG. 5 . 
       FIG. 7  shows an operation flowchart for setting the standby system in WDM optical transmission equipment according to the present invention. 
       FIG. 8  shows a diagram representing the states of each portion in each step shown in  FIG. 7 . 
   

   DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
   The preferred embodiment of the present invention is described hereinafter referring to the charts and drawings. However, it is to be noted that the scope of the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below. 
     FIG. 4  is an exemplary configuration of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) optical transmission equipment according to the present invention. Also,  FIG. 5  is an explanation diagram illustrating a setting principle of the standby system of the optical transmission equipment shown in  FIG. 4 . 
   Now, in  FIG. 4 , it is assumed that one system (active system) of the transmitter SD 4  is in an operating state, and that setting of the panel in the other (standby) system is to be performed. 
   The basic principle of the present invention is that, when the active light output from the optical transmitter SD 4  has a wavelength λ 4 , first, the wavelength of the output light from optical transmission circuit  1   b  in the standby system is to be set to a wavelength λ 2 , which is different from λ 4 . 
   In this figure, it is shown that the optical transmitter SD 2  also has a wavelength λ 2 . However, the output wavelength of the standby system of the optical transmitter SD 4  is only required to be different from the output wavelength of the active system λ 4 . It is not necessary for the standby system to have the output wavelength consistent with an output wavelength of the other optical transmitters (such as SD 2 ). 
   At this time, both an optical signal having a wavelength λ 4  output from optical transmission circuit  1   a  in the active system and an optical signal having a wavelength λ 2  output from optical transmission circuit  1   b  in the standby system are input to coupler  3 . 
   In this state, because variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b  in the standby system is not always controlled to have the maximum attenuation amount, as described earlier. Therefore, there are cases that light output of a certain level is input from optical transmission circuit  1   b  to coupler  3 . 
   However, since the output wavelength of the standby system is different, no influence is produced to the optical signal, having the wavelength λ 4 , in the active system under operation. 
   Then, the optical signal of wavelength λ 4  combined with the optical signal of wavelength λ 2  is input to the corresponding input port of multiplexer  100 . 
   Here, multiplexer  100  has a plurality of input ports, each input port selectively extracting light having a certain wavelength, defined port by port, from the input light. Multiplexer  100  multiplexes, and outputs, the extracted light. Multiplex  100  is, for example, constituted of an arrayed waveguide grating (AWG). 
   Accordingly, the output light from optical transmitter SD 4 , in which the optical signal of wavelengths λ 4  is combined with the optical signal of wavelength λ 2 , is input to the corresponding input port of multiplexer  100 , but the optical signal of wavelength λ 2  cannot be transmitted (multiplexed). The reason is that each input port of multiplexer  100  has a filtering function provided with a sharp selectivity against the corresponding wavelength. With this function, there is no influence produced on the other optical transmission circuits. 
   Next, the attenuation of variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b  is set to the maximum. 
   More specifically, in  FIG. 2 , the output of coupler  3  is monitored by photodetector  21 , and drive circuit  22  controls attenuator  20  in such a way that the light reception level becomes a minimum. 
   Then the setting in the panel of the standby system is performed, which includes, for example, bias setting of the modulator for modulating the wavelength of the tunable LD. 
   Subsequently, the output wavelength of optical transmission circuit  1   b  is changed. 
   More specifically, in  FIG. 2 , the output of tunable LD  10  is controlled to have the wavelength λ 4 , by means of a wavelength controller  11 . 
   Thus, the output wavelengths of optical transmission circuits  1   a ,  1   b  in the active system and the standby system become the same wavelength λ 4 . Here, since the attenuation of variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b , to which the output of optical transmission circuit  1   b  is input, has been set to the maximum, it becomes possible to switch over to the standby panel of transmitter SD 4  without affecting the other transmitters. 
     FIG. 5  is a diagram explaining the effect of the present invention, when the variable optical attenuator (VOA) is not set yet and the attenuation property of the VOA against the temperature is not known. 
   As shown in  FIG. 5 , according to the present invention, the wavelength λ 2 , which is different from the wavelength λ 4  in the active system, is set in the standby system. The AWG is an optical means which has a plurality of input ports, selectively extracts the light having each certain wavelength from among the light input thereto, and multiplexes and outputs the extracted light. Accordingly, each AWG input port has a filtering function having a sharp selectivity against the corresponding wavelength only. In  FIG. 5 , a particular wavelength λ 4  is selected and transmitted, while other wavelengths including λ 2  is not selected and a great loss is produced. Thus, the light having the wavelength λ 2  in the standby system does not affect the active system. Also, because of the above characteristic of the AWG, no influence is produced upon the outputs of the other optical transmission circuits. 
     FIG. 6  is a diagram illustrating a wavelength control method of the tunable LD in the standby system according to the present invention. 
   Here, the wavelength of the tunable LD is settable (controllable) from the wavelength λ 1  on the shorter wavelength side to the wavelength λ 4  on the longer wavelength side by controlling the temperature of the tunable LD. The system is assumed to use the wavelengths λ 1 , λ 2 , λ 3  and λ 4  in the above wavelength bandwidth. 
   As described above, in the tunable LD of the standby system, the emission wavelength is set differently (no crosstalk produced) from the target wavelength, i.e. the wavelength in use. Namely, in  FIG. 6 , since a set wavelength of the tunable LD in the standby system is controlled by a set temperature, the temperature to be set is controlled in the opposite direction to the final target wavelength (temperature), so that the wavelength in the standby system becomes different from the wavelength in the active system. 
   More specifically, for example, at the time of turning on the power of the tunable LD in the standby system, when dividing the settable wavelength range of the tunable LD into two wavelength sides by the center of the range determined by the temperature of that time,
         1) if the target wavelength (for the active system) lies on the shorter wavelength side, then the tunable LD is heated so as to emit light on the longer wavelength side, and   2) if the target wavelength (for the active system) lies on the longer wavelength side, then the tunable LD is cooled so as to emit light on the shorter wavelength side.       

   In the example shown in  FIG. 6 , since the target wavelength λ 4  lies on the longer wavelength side, the tunable LD is cooled and controlled to output the set wavelength λ 2 . 
     FIG. 7  is an operation flowchart illustrating each control procedure with respect to the present invention, which includes an example of wavelength setting in a tunable LD of the standby system. Also,  FIG. 8  is a table representing the states of each portion of the WDM optical equipment shown in  FIG. 4 , corresponding to the flow shown in  FIG. 7 . 
   In the above example, the target wavelength λ 4  of the optical transmitter SD 4  in operation is located on the longer wavelength side against the center position of the settable wavelength range of the tunable LD. Therefore, the tunable LD in the standby system, in which setting a different wavelength is required, is cooled so as to emit light of a lower wavelength, for example, the wavelength λ 2  (step S 1  in  FIG. 7 ). With this, the wavelength being apart further from the target wavelength λ 4  can be obtained (step S 2 ). Thus, in coupler  3 , the wavelength, which is different from the target wavelength λ 4  in operation in the active system, is set, and as a result, crosstalk with the wavelength λ 4  can be prevented. 
   The light having the wavelength λ 2  set in the above manner is emitted from tunable LD in the standby system (step S 3 ). Next, necessary initial settings in the standby system including, for example, the bias setting of the tunable LD of the standby system are performed. Also, the attenuation in variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b  of the standby system is set to the maximum (step S 4 ). 
   On completion of the necessary setting in the standby system, the wavelength of the tunable LD in optical transmission circuit  1   b  of the standby system is set to the target wavelength λ 4  (step S 5 ). Thus, the standby system becomes a stable state in which the setting is completed (step S 6 ). 
   At this time, the attenuation of variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b  in the standby system has been set to the maximum amount, by which the input level to coupler  3  becomes the minimum, and no influence is produced on the optical signal of the wavelength λ 4  in operation. 
   In the above process, during the period from the time optical transmission circuit  1   b  on the standby side starts light output to the time variable optical attenuator (VOA)  2   b  on the standby side is controlled to the maximum attenuation, the light output from optical transmission circuit  1   b  on the standby side is also input into a predetermined port of multiplexer  100 , via coupler  3 . 
   The wavelength λ 2  output from optical transmission circuit  1   b  in the standby system during the above period is different from the wavelength λ 4  selected in multiplexer  100 . Therefore, this output from optical transmission circuit  1   b  is not multiplexed in multiplexer  100 . Namely, only the optical signal in operation, which is output from optical transmission circuit  1   a  in the active system, is multiplexed. Accordingly, the output light level multiplexed with the output wavelengths from the other optical transmitters SD 1 -SD 3  is not affected by the light level from optical transmission circuit  1   b  in the standby system of optical transmitter SD 4 . Although the ALC control is functioning in optical amplifier  101 , the levels of the other wavelengths λ 1 , λ 2  and λ 3  are not affected. Thus, a satisfactory transmission characteristic can be obtained. 
   In the above description, as an embodiment of the present invention, the WDM equipment having a plurality of optical transmitters has been explained. However, considering the first reason for setting the attenuator to the maximum attenuation as explained before, the present invention can be applied to a single optical transmitter having transmission circuit panels for the active system and the standby system. 
   To summarize, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide WDM optical transmission equipment having redundant configuration without affecting the active system when resetting in the standby system. Also, influences to the other wavelengths are avoidable. 
   The foregoing description of the embodiments is not intended to limit the invention to the particular details of the examples illustrated. Any suitable modification and equivalents may be resorted to the scope of the invention. All features and advantages of the invention which fall within the scope of the invention are covered by the appended claims.