Abstract:
A method for controlling access to a building selected from a hospital, a medical clinic or the like, or a nursing home, a retirement residence or the like or a portion of the building, comprises (a) positioning an apparatus comprising an input member and an output dispenser proximate to a barrier to entry of the building or the portion thereof; (b) requiring a person to use the input member to provide the apparatus with at least one of (i) their destination in the building or the portion thereof, and (ii) the duration of their attendance at the building or the portion thereof; and (c) using a dispenser apparatus to automatically provide a pass to the person wherein the pass incorporates at least one of the following items of information: (I) the portions of the building which the person may enter, and (ii) the time during which the person may be in the building or the portion thereof.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     In one aspect, this invention relates to an apparatus that is used to control entry to a medical facility or a retirement facility such as a hospital, a nursing home or a medical clinic. The apparatus, which may be incorporated as part of a hand cleaning apparatus, may be provided with a dispenser for providing a pass such as an access card or an authorization badge permitting entry into the building for sufficient time for a person for a particular purpose, such as a relative or other visitor visiting a patient or resident, or for a portion of the building, such as the portions a relative or other visitor will have to pass through to visit a patient or resident.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     Washing and/or disinfecting hands is a safe guard against the spread of infection, whether in a health care institution, a long-term care building, a retirement home or any other building or location. The facilities which have been provided for hand washing in the past include standard basins and soap. During the SARS outbreak, facilities provided alcohol gel dispensers to be used to clean the hands of all visitors, but this proved largely ineffective because the amount of gel dispensed and the time to massage the gel into the hands was critical and rarely correct to clean/disinfect the hands. Temperature control was done manually and very labour intensive. However, more sophisticated apparatus have been developed. For example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,860,437 and 5,972,126 disclose an automated hand washing apparatus. As set out therein, the hand washing apparatus may comprise a self contained unit which can be operated by a user and which may be self cleaning, i.e. after use, the hand washing apparatus may clean itself.  
         [0003]     As set out in the &#39;473 and &#39;126 patents, the hand washing apparatus may include a sensor (e.g. a magnetic card reader). Accordingly, the apparatus may keep track of the individuals who use the apparatus.  
         [0004]     Patients in nursing homes are elderly and may be particularly susceptible to infection. Accordingly, during times of outbreak of infectious diseases, the entry of personnel to a nursing home may be restricted. Alternately, or in addition, medical facilities may require visitors or patients to first be checked by a medical practitioner to determine whether they are healthy prior to entering the building or to sterilize their hands, such as by applying an alcohol gel composition, e.g., Purell™, to their hands. One disadvantage with this approach is that it is highly labour intensive. Reliable personnel must be placed at each control point to or in a building, and it is very difficult to ensure that a correct hand washing/cleaning/disinfecting regimen was followed.  
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0005]     The uncontrolled access of persons to medical and retirement facilities can result in the spread of diseases to those who are most vulnerable. Therefore, in addition to having visitors and employees clean their hands, the access of employees and, in particular visitors, can be restricted.  
         [0006]     In accordance with one aspect of the instant invention, an apparatus is provided which may be integrated into a system for controlling access to a building or a portion of a building. Accordingly, if a person does not use the apparatus, the person would not be permitted to enter the building. Once the person does use the apparatus, they may then be permitted entry into the building. The apparatus requires a person to use an input member to provide the apparatus with at least one of (a) their destination in the building or the portion thereof (e.g., a patient they want to visit), and (b) the duration of their attendance at the building or the portion thereof (e.g., during visiting hours). The apparatus may then dispense a pass to the person wherein the pass incorporates at least one of the following items of information (a) the portions of the building which the person may enter, and (b) the time during which the person may be in the building or the portion thereof.  
         [0007]     The apparatus may control entrance to the building in one of a number of ways. For example, the apparatus may have a dispenser incorporated into the structure of the apparatus itself. Alternately, a dispenser may be associated with an apparatus having an input member, e.g., the apparatus may send a signal to a dispenser in a separate housing after inputting the requested information into the apparatus by a person. Upon completion of use of the apparatus, the dispenser may be programmed to provide an access card to the person. The person may then utilize this access card to unlock a door, turnstile, or other barrier to entry. For example, the card could be a magnetically readable card or a proximity card. The card may be designed to be retained by the user while they are on the premises. Alternately, the card could be retained in a card reader such that the card could not subsequently be used by another party to gain access. The dispenser could be any mechanism known in the vending machine or building entry system arts and may include a printer to print the time and date when the card was dispensed.  
         [0008]     Alternately, the dispenser could dispense an authorization badge. The badge would be worn or carried by a person to indicate that they have cleaned their hands and/or passed other criteria required for entrance, as programmed into the apparatus and have been cleared for entrance to the building or a portion of the building. In such a case, the badge could be visually inspected at a point of entry and/or subsequently as a person travels through the building or the portion of the building.  
         [0009]     The card or badge could have the image of the person printed thereon and/or the time and date when the badge or card was dispensed. Accordingly, the apparatus could have a digital imaging camera or other image capturing device which is capable of capturing, and preferably storing, an image of the recipient of the pass, as well as a printer of the like which is capable of placing an image of the recipient and/or other selected information on the pass. Any such devices known in the art could be used.  
         [0010]     In a further alternate embodiment, the apparatus may be capable of capturing and storing an image of the person, but not necessarily printing the image of the recipient. The apparatus may be linked to one or more cameras as part of a monitoring system. The monitoring system could use facial recognition software, or the like, to determine if the person to whom the pass was issued is permitted entry to a particular portion of a building and/or entry at the particular time when entrance is sought.  
         [0011]     For example, the apparatus&#39; digital imaging camera could record a person&#39;s face that is transmitted to a central computer that has memory for data storage and facial recognition software. The building could have cameras strategically placed at entrances to the facility and/or to entrances at various sections of the facility. The cameras could provide a feed to the computer, which then automatically checks that the image of the person viewed by the cameras. If a person is/has been “cleared” for entry to the facility or section within the facility, then the person could be permitted entry. This would provide an automatic control feature wherein no staff need be involved unless there is an alarm/warning signal. Further, the apparatus would not have to issue a pass as the computer could unlock any required doors. Alternately, if a person is not permitted entry, then the computer could lock a door which a person seeks to pass through and/or issue an alarm. Accordingly, if the same user tried to re-use a pass the next day, then the system would not allow it. The only way the user could enter on successive visits is to again pass the apparatus criteria.  
         [0012]     The apparatus may include a hand cleaning unit. Therefore, a person may be required to clean their hands prior to obtaining a pass. Further, hands need to be re-cleaned after a period of time in the building. Therefore, the apparatus may be a hand cleaning apparatus. Accordingly, in accordance with alternate embodiment the badge could also have a signaling member, which may be auditory and/or visual, to signal a warning when the person needs to again clean their hands. For example, the signaling member may be LEDs or lights, or at least a portion of the badge could utilize electroluminescence to change colour, and a timer may be provided so as to flash or signal a warning after a predetermined time when the person again needs to clean their hands. The signaling member could be a small speaker to emit an auditory signal.  
         [0013]     Alternately, the apparatus could send a signal to a person monitoring an entrance (e.g., at a security station by a door, or at a remote location wherein the person can remotely lock or unlock, or remotely open or close, a door). The signal could indicate that the person has obtained a badge and, optionally, passed other requirements, such as cleaning their hands, a temperature scan, and should be permitted entry to the building. Alternately, the signal could indicate that the person did not clean their hands, or showed an elevated body temperature and should not be permitted entry to the building. The apparatus could be under video surveillance, or the apparatus could have a camera built in, so that the person monitoring the door or entrance knows that the person approaching the door or entrance is the person who used the apparatus.  
         [0014]     In another embodiment, the building or a portion of the building may be provided with doors or the like which are opened automatically by, e.g., a motor or compressor when a sensor detects that a person is approaching the door or pushes a button. Such systems are known in the art. In accordance with this embodiment, the apparatus may be operatively connected to the door entrance system so as to automatically open the door when a person has completed using the apparatus. For example, the apparatus may send a signal to a motor to actuate the motor, causing a door to open, once the apparatus has been used successfully. Alternately, the door operating system may be locked (i.e. the approach of a person will not result in the door opening). In such a case, the apparatus may provide a signal to the door operating system unlocking the doors so that the doors will open when a person approaches the doors. Alternately a digital imaging camera could record the user&#39;s face with face recognition software which recording would be available to the entrance control mechanisms.  
         [0015]     One advantage of this embodiment of the invention is that the entrance to a building may be controlled automatically by an apparatus. Accordingly, the apparatus and any required systems (e.g. door operating systems) may be provided at each entrance to a building or at selected places throughout the building. Accordingly, access to or through a building may be controlled without the need to station personnel at all locations, merely by a person using a pass they have already obtained. Optionally, if desired, video surveillance equipment or the like may be provided so that a person in a control room may monitor the operation of the apparatus and/or each door and may be able to provide an override command preventing entrance (e.g. preventing a door from opening) if a person does not use the apparatus or does not properly use the apparatus.  
         [0016]     Alternately, or in addition, the hand cleaning apparatus may include a hand cleaning sensor. The hand cleaning sensor is provided to detect whether a person properly uses the apparatus. For example, the hand cleaning sensor may comprise an optical sensor which is positioned to detect whether a person places their hands under the water and/or uses the soap dispenser which may be provided and/or applies an alcohol gel composition or the like. If the hand cleaning sensor does not detect proper usage of the equipment, then the hand cleaning sensor may provide a signal preventing the hand cleaning apparatus from dispensing a badge or access card and/or from permitting a door to the building to be opened.  
         [0017]     Alternately, or in addition, the apparatus may also include a dispenser, or be linked to a dispenser, to dispense gloves and/or a mask. For example, once a person has cleaned their hands, they may be provided with a pair of gloves thereby ensuring that their hands do not become contaminated by subsequently touching a foreign object. Similarly, a mask may be provided to reduce the likelihood that the person will inhale or exhale any cotangen. Alternately, the person entering the building may be sick, but without an elevated body temperature which would allow them to successfully pass the hand cleaning apparatus. Accordingly, by using the mask and gloves, the person may reduce the likelihood that they will spread a cotangen in the building. Accordingly, in one embodiment, the apparatus, which may be a hand cleaning apparatus, may include or be associated with, a dispenser for gloves and/or a mask and may optionally also control entrance to a building or a portion of a building.  
         [0018]     In a further alternate embodiment, the apparatus, which may be a hand cleaning apparatus, may include a health sensor. The health sensor is preferably a remote sensing unit to check to determine whether a person may be sick. Preferably, the health sensor comprises a sensor to remotely monitor the temperature of a person. In particular, apparatus to obtain the temperature of a person passing by a location are known and have been used in airports (e.g. during the SARS) outbreak. Such a sensor may be incorporated or associated with the hand cleaning apparatus. If the sensor determines that the person may be sick (e.g. the health sensor is a sensor that can detect form a distance if a person has an elevated temperature), then the hand cleaning apparatus could be programmed to prevent the person from entering the building (e.g. by not dispensing a badge and/or an access card and/or not permitting a door to be opened). Alternately, or in addition, the sensor could cause the apparatus to dispense gloves and/or a mask. Alternately, or in addition, a signal could be provided indicating that the person may be sick (an auditory signal or a flashing light). According to this embodiment, a person utilizes the apparatus could be checked automatically to determine whether they may be sick and, if they are, provided with a mask and/or gloves and advised to wait or not be permitted entry until appropriate personnel are alerted and are allowed to take action. Accordingly, in one embodiment, a hand cleaning apparatus may include or be associated with, a dispenser for gloves and/or a mask and a health sensor and may dispense gloves and/or a mask if the health sensor detects that the person using the hand cleaning apparatus may be sick.  
         [0019]     In accordance with the invention, the apparatus may include an input member to obtain identifying information about the person using the apparatus. For example, the apparatus may be provided with a card reader (e.g. a proximity card reader or a magnetic card reader). Alternately, or in addition, a keyboard may be provided to permit a person to enter their name and optionally other identifying information (e.g. sex, age, address, telephone number, hospital identification card, government health card and the like). Some or all of this information could be provided on the badge and/or access card provided to the person. The information could be printed on the badge and/or access card or magnetically encoded thereon.  
         [0020]     In one aspect of this invention, the access card or authorization badge may permit entry to only portions of the building. Alternately, the access card or authorization badge may permit entry to the building, or only portions of the building, for a limited period of time. This information may be obtained by the user entering the information into the hand cleaning apparatus or from a machine-readable security or identity card in the possession of the user. For example, if the user is an employee or an emergency medical worker (e.g. a paramedic), the user may show their identity or security card to the hand cleaning apparatus. The apparatus may be preprogrammed with the portion of the building to which the worker requires admittance for the purpose of their job and/or the period of time the worker requires access to the building for the purpose of their job (e.g. their work shift). If the user is a visitor, they may enter their destination into a keyboard or other data entry device and the apparatus may be programmed to be able to determine, or may be preprogrammed with, the portions of the building and/or the time period for which that person should be permitted entry to the building. For example, if the user is visiting a patient in a hospital, the user may be permitted to enter the portions of the building from the front door to the room of the patient and only for visiting hours.  
         [0021]     Accordingly, the apparatus may be used as part of an integrated system to monitor the personnel who enter the building or a portion without the need of human supervision, or in combination with human supervision.  
         [0022]     In accordance with other embodiments of this invention, it will be appreciated that the various units described above may be combined in various different sub-combinations.  
         [0023]     As described above, it will be appreciated that the pass dispensing function, with the optional the identity determination function, may be provided in an apparatus, which does not have a hand cleaning feature which is used to control access to a hospital, a nursing home, a retirement residence or a medical clinic. In accordance with such an embodiment, an apparatus may have an input member to obtain identifying information about a person and an access card or authorization badge dispenser. The apparatus receives information about the person, which is preferably the person who operates the apparatus if the apparatus is to be operated by the user (i.e., the person seeking admittance), and uses that information to provide an access card or authorization badge or the like that permits entry to the building or portion of the building to which the person requires admittance for the purpose of their job and/or the period of time the person requires access to the building for the purpose of their attendance (e.g., their job or to visit a person). The person may work in the hospital, nursing home, a or the medical clinic, and may have a machine readable security or identity card. The person may provide the card to the machine which determines, such as by means of a program and/or database, the portions of the building to which the person may have access and the duration they may be in those portions of the building. Alternately, the person may not be in the databank of the apparatus and may have to enter their information such as by means of a keyboard or other data entry device. Optionally, the apparatus may have a health sensor. If the person is sick, or deemed sick by the health scanner, they may be denied access to all or a portion of the building. Alternately, if the person works in the building, the portion they are admitted to may be limited if they are sick. For example, if the person is a nurse and the health sensor indicates they may be sick, the person may be issued a badge that would not include an authorize to enter a ward having patients who have AIDS or who have a weakened immune system.  
         [0024]     It will be appreciated that the person who is seeking admittance preferably operates the apparatus. Therefore, the user is the person who operates the hand cleaning apparatus. Accordingly, a staff member need not operate the apparatus.  
         [0025]     The hand cleaning function of the apparatus, if provided, may use any treatment method to clean the hands of a person. Preferably, the hand cleaning apparatus dispenses soap and water or an alcohol gel composition. However, any other technique known now or in the future to clean, and preferably sanitize, a person&#39;s hands may be used.  
         [0026]     Accordingly, in accordance with one embodiment of this invention, there is provided an apparatus comprising a method for controlling access to a building selected from a hospital, a medical clinic or the like, or a nursing home, a retirement residence or the like or a portion of the building, comprising: 
        (a) positioning an apparatus comprising an input member and an output dispenser proximate to a barrier to entry of the building or the portion thereof;     (b) requiring a person to use the input member to provide the apparatus with at least one of the following items of information: 
            (i) their destination in the building or the portion thereof, and     (ii) the duration of their attendance at the building or the portion thereof; and,    
            (c) using a dispenser apparatus to automatically provide a pass to the person wherein the pass incorporates at least one of the following items of information: 
            (i) the portions of the building which the person may enter, and     (ii) the time during which the person may be in the building or the portion thereof.    
               
 
         [0034]     In one embodiment, the dispenser provides at least some of the information on the pass.  
         [0035]     In another embodiment, the dispenser apparatus provides an image of the person&#39;s face on the pass.  
         [0036]     In another embodiment, the method further comprises requiring the person to show the pass prior to entry.  
         [0037]     In another embodiment, the dispenser encodes the information on the pass in a machine-readable form.  
         [0038]     In another embodiment, the building or the portion thereof has a barrier to entry that is controlled by a card reader and the method further comprises using the pass to open the barrier to entry.  
         [0039]     In another embodiment, the apparatus is programmed to permit emergency medical personal to enter all parts of the building or the portion thereof.  
         [0040]     In another embodiment, the apparatus opens the barrier to entry after a person is identified as an emergency medical person.  
         [0041]     In another embodiment, the method further comprises providing a health sensor that automatically checks the health of a person and preventing the person from entering if the health sensor determines that the person may be sick.  
         [0042]     In another embodiment, the method further comprises providing a mask and/or glove dispenser, whereby mask and/or glove dispenser dispenses one or both of gloves and a mask upon use of the apparatus.  
         [0043]     In another embodiment, the method further comprises requiring the person to enter identifying information prior to the dispenser operating.  
         [0044]     In another embodiment, at least some of the identifying information is provided on the pass.  
         [0045]     In another embodiment, the apparatus determines the portions of the building that the person may enter based upon the information inputted via the input member.  
         [0046]     In another embodiment, the apparatus is programmed to permit emergency medical personal to enter the building or the portion thereof.  
         [0047]     In another embodiment, the apparatus provides a pass that authorizes entry after the person is identified as an emergency medical person.  
         [0048]     In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a card reader, the person has a machine readable card that identifies the person as an emergency medical person and the apparatus is programmed to permit emergency medical person to enter after the person is identified as an emergency medical person.  
         [0049]     In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a first image capturing device and the method further comprises: 
        (a) using the first image capturing device to obtain an image of the person;     (b) conveying the image to a computer;     (c) providing images to the computer from at least one second image capturing device positioned to monitor an entrance to the building or portion thereof; and,     (d) comparing the images obtained from the second image capturing device with the image of a person obtained from the first image capturing device and determining whether the person is permitted in an area based, at least in part, on information inputted by the person to the apparatus.        
 
         [0054]     In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, there is provided an apparatus method for controlling access to a building selected from a hospital, a medical clinic or the like, or a nursing home, a retirement residence or the like or a portion of the building, comprising: 
        (a) positioning an apparatus comprising an input member and a first image capturing device proximate to a barrier to entry of the building or the portion thereof;     (b) requiring a person to use the input member to provide the apparatus with at least one of the following items of information: 
            (a) their destination in the building or the portion thereof, and     (b) the duration of their attendance at the building or the portion thereof;    
            (c) using the first image capturing device to obtain an image of the person;     (d) conveying the image to a computer;     (e) providing images to the computer from at least one second image capturing device positioned to monitor an entrance to the building or portion thereof; and,     (f) comparing the images obtained from the second image capturing device with the image of a person obtained from the first image capturing device and determining whether the person is permitted in an area based, at least in part, on information inputted by the person to the apparatus.        
 
         [0063]     In one embodiment, the apparatus includes a pass dispenser and the method further comprises using the dispenser to provide at least some of the information on the pass.  
         [0064]     In another embodiment, the apparatus includes a pass dispenser and the method further comprises providing an image of the person&#39;s face on the pass. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0065]     These and other advantages of the instant invention will be more fully and completely understood in accordance with the following drawings of preferred embodiments of the invention in which:  
         [0066]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a building having a hand cleaning apparatus positioned outside a door and linked to a door entry system;  
         [0067]      FIG. 2  is a perspective view of a person using the hand cleaning apparatus of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0068]      FIG. 3  is a perspective view of a person using an alternate embodiment of the hand cleaning apparatus of  FIG. 1 ;  
         [0069]      FIG. 4  is a perspective view of a further alternate hand cleaning apparatus according to an embodiment of this invention.  
         [0070]      FIG. 5  is a front elevational view of a hand cleaning apparatus in accordance with one embodiment of this invention with the front removed so as to show various parts of the interior;  
         [0071]      FIG. 6  is a side elevational view partially in section showing the hand cleaning apparatus of  FIG. 5  in the hand cleaning position;  
         [0072]      FIG. 7  is an enlarged sectional view corresponding to  FIG. 6  showing the bowl portion rotated inwardly for rinsing and disinfection;  
         [0073]      FIG. 8  is an enlarged front elevational view of the bowl with the bowl rotated to its hand cleaning position;  
         [0074]      FIG. 9  is a plumbing diagram of the hand cleaning apparatus of  FIG. 5  showing the water or gel inflow and outflow routing;  
         [0075]      FIG. 10  is an electrical blocked diagram showing the basic controls, and their relation to an optional foot switch, of one embodiment of the hand cleaning apparatus; and,  
         [0076]      FIG. 11  is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a apparatus positioned outside a door to control access through the door. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0077]     The method and apparatus of the instant invention may be used in conjunction with any hand cleaning apparatus known in the art. The following description is of an apparatus having a hand cleaning function that may optionally be used in conjunction with this invention. The hand cleaning apparatus has a member or members to permit a user to clean their hands such as by washing with soap or by using a disinfectant or sterilization agent such as an alcohol gel composition; and preferably drying their hands if soap and water are used. Any such apparatus known in the art may be used and is referred to herein as a hand cleaning apparatus. The hand cleaning apparatus may have an enclosure into which a person places their hands. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,817,651. Alternately, the hand cleaning apparatus may have an externally positioned, or positionable, bowl that is used for hand cleaning. See for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,972,126.  
         [0078]     By way of example, a hand cleaning apparatus, which has an externally positionable, bowl that is used for hand cleaning and that may be used in accordance with this invention, is exemplified in  FIGS. 5-10 . As exemplified in  FIGS. 1-4 , the hand cleaning apparatus has had incorporated into it various features which may be utilized singly or in combination or sub-combinations in accordance with this invention, including an access card dispenser, a badge dispenser, a mask and/or glove dispenser, a temperature sensor and a hand cleaning sensor.  
         [0079]     As exemplified in  FIGS. 6 and 7 , hand cleaning apparatus  100  comprises a generally rectangular upright housing  10  having sidewalls  12  and a back wall  14 . A contoured front wall  16  defines a roof  18 , and forwardly projecting cleaning region  20 . A recessed foot region  22  is preferably provided at the lower end of front wall  16 .  
         [0080]     Within the front wall  16 , on suitable framework, the details of which are omitted for the sake of clarity, there is a hand cleaning bowl indicated generally as  30 . Bowl  30  is reconfigurable between an open or hand cleaning configuration, in which the bowl is configured for a user to wash their hands, and a closed configuration, in which bowl  30  may be cleaned after use. Preferably, bowl  30  is moveable between an open position in which the bowl is positioned for a user to wash their hands and a closed position in which bowl  30  may be cleaned after use. Alternately, the bowl  30  could be stationary and have a cover, which moves to cover or uncover the bowl.  
         [0081]     Bowl  30  may be moved between the open and closed positions by any means known in the art. Preferably, bowl  30  is pivotally mounted along a generally horizontal pivot axis by means of bearings  32 . In this way, the bowl or sink  30  can be rotated to open outwardly for cleaning ( FIGS. 6 and 8 ) and rearwardly into a covered inactive position for rinsing and disinfecting ( FIG. 7 ) by suitable motor and crank means  33 . While the bowl is described as being rotatably mounted, other forms of moveable mounting are possible. Thus, the bowl could simply slide in and out. Preferably, bowl  30  is mounted so that, when it is in the hand washing position, it is mounted at a suitable height for a user to wash their hands.  
         [0082]     It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that bowl  30  may be of any particular shape and that the actual shape of bowl  30  may vary depending upon whether bowl  30  is movably mounted and, if so, how it moves. For example, if bowl  30  is pivotally mounted, then bowl  30  is preferably of a generally semi-spherical shape. Thus, when rotated rearwardly to the closed position ( FIG. 7 ), the underside of  30   a  of the bowl presents a smooth generally convex appearance, effectively closing and sealing the interior of the entire apparatus and preventing contamination by garbage or debris or personal contamination. Alternately, if bowl  30  is slideably mounted so as to slide in and out, then bowl  30  may be cylindrical in cross section.  
         [0083]     Located to one side of the bowl, within the interior enclosed by front wall  16 , is a treatment fluid outlet which is preferably a water or gel outlet indicated generally as  34 . Nozzle  34  is positioned to direct water or gel, preferably at a median temperature suitable for hand washing, if soap and water is used, into bowl  30  for wetting of the hands. Water may be supplied to nozzle  34  by a pump (not shown), or simply by using the main&#39;s water pressure through a pressure regulator.  
         [0084]     A cleaner, e.g. soap, is supplied for cleaning. The cleaner may be dispensed by passing the water through a suitable water/cleaner mixing valve  36  upstream from nozzle  34  (see for example  FIG. 9 ). Accordingly, valve  36  may be connected to a supply of cold water via conduit  36   a  and connected to a water heater  37  contained within the apparatus via conduit  36   b , and preferably controllable so as to supply a warm water mix at an appropriate temperature for washing hands. Pursuant to this embodiment, there is provided a container  38  for storing a cleaner for use when a user washes or rinses their hands. A plurality of such containers may be provided, each of which may contain a different cleaning compound. For example, as shown in  FIG. 5 , a soap container  38  and a disinfectant liquid material tank  39  are connected to the nozzle  34 . The container or containers may thus supply a soap, disinfectant or the like to the valve  36  for mixing with the water preferably at an appropriate concentration of cleaner to water.  
         [0085]     Alternately, if the cold water supply is at a suitable temperature, then hot water heater  37  will not be required. Instead, the cold water supply may be fed directly to mixing valve  36  without combining the cold water with any heated water. This approach may also be used if a hot water supply and a cold water supply are first connected to a mixing valve and the mixing valve is then connected to the inlet water port for housing  10  (not shown).  
         [0086]     Alternately, the cleaner, e.g., an alcohol gel composition, may be dispensed by a dispenser directly onto the hands of the user, preferably without the user using their hands to operate the dispenser. For example, the dispenser could be actuated by an optical sensor or by a remote actuator, eg. a foot pedal (not shown). According to this embodiment, the user may place their hands below the dispenser at which time the optical sensor will sense the presence of the user&#39;s hands thereunder and dispense an aliquot of cleaner or at which time the user may actuate the foot pedal. A plurality of dispensers, each with an associated actuator, may be provided.  
         [0087]     If bowl  30  is rotatably mounted, it preferably has a rearwardly directed drain spout  40 , for discharge of its contents, when it is rotated to the closed position. If bowl  30  is slideably or fixedly mounted, then drain spout  40  may be positioned at the lowest point of bowl  30  when bowl  30  is in use.  
         [0088]     In order to catch the wash water, residue and any disinfectant from bowl  30 , bowl  30  may be preferably mounted over a sink  42 , which is mixed within the interior of front wall  16 , and is connected by a conventional plumbing waste pipe  44  to a sump  46 . In this way, when bowl  30  is rotated rearwardly, it will dump all of its contents through spout  40  into sink  42  and down the waste pipe  44 . It will be appreciated that if bowl  30  is not rotatably mounted, it may be directly connected to waste pipe  44 .  
         [0089]     The water mixer  36 , soap container  38  and disinfectant container  39  and their pumps  38   a ,  39   a  may be connected through a suitable timing mechanism (e.g. controller  70 ) so as to provide a timed operation for cleaning, for example, an initially wetting of the hand, followed by a soaping of the hands, followed by a rinsing of the hands in warm rinse water. At the end of the cycle, the washer may be automatically reconfigured to the closed position, such as by bowl  30  rotating rearwardly. It will be appreciated that alternate cleaning cycles may be preprogrammed. The user may select a desired cycle before use by pushing a button or by tripping an optical sensor (not shown). The different cycles may employ different chemical mixtures and/or may use shorter or longer periods of washing and/or rinsing. For example, there may be a quick rinse cycle when a full wash is not required. It will also be appreciated that the wash cycle may be manually controlled. For example, by a series of foot pedals or a series of optical sensors.  
         [0090]     After washing, the washing bowl  30  is then preferably cleaned by water such as cold water which is supplied to the mixing valve  36  by the mains, receiving cold water from the conventional cold water supply together with a disinfectant, for cleaning and cleaning the bowl. Hot water could be used if desired. The cleaning mixture will drain out of bowl  30  through spout  40  and into sink  42 . The bowl may then be dried by air being drawn from outside.  
         [0091]     It is preferred that the apparatus is operable without the user&#39;s hands contacting the apparatus once the cleaning cycle commences. For example, the operation of the washer could be actuated by a user pushing a start button or by a user inserting coins into a coin fed actuator as is known in the vending machine industry (not shown). Alternately, hand cleaning apparatus  100  may be actuated by permitting hand cleaning apparatus  100  to read a machine readable card, such as by inserting a magnetic security card in a magnetic card reader, or a person entering identifying information, such as by a key board or other data entry device known in the arts. More preferably, the entire cycle of the machine, including the reconfiguration of bowl  30  and its cover, is actuated without the user&#39;s hands touching any of the controls. For example, the entire operation of bowl  30  and the water and soap dispenser may be initiated by means of an actuator, such as a foot operated pedal  50  ( FIG. 5 ) or an optical sensor or a proximity sensor keyed to a security card (not shown) so that the user&#39;s hands do not touch any of the controls after the cleaning cycle commences.  
         [0092]     In order to dry the user&#39;s hands, a hot air dryer nozzle  52  is preferably provided ( FIG. 5 ). Hot air nozzle  52  may be provided to supply heated and, preferably, heated and disinfected air. For this purpose, an air disinfecting chamber  54  may be provided with, for example, ultraviolet light tube  55  (see  FIG. 7 ). Air may be drawn inwardly through nozzle  56  then through a suitable filter  57  and heater and fan  58  before exiting at the nozzle  52 . Preferably, nozzle  56  may also be provided with filter  57   a  to prevent contaminants from entering, or reduce the contaminants entering, nozzle  56 . By providing filter  57   a  for nozzle  56 , the surface of filter  57   a  may be positioned so as to be exposed to the ultraviolet light emanating from ultraviolet light tube  55  thus helping to reduce the contamination of filter  57   a . Nozzle  52  and a fan (not shown) are preferably timed (e.g., by controller  70 ) to supply sufficient hot air for the drying of the hands after rinsing. The drying cycle may, alternately be controlled by an optical sensor as is known in the art. In this way, not only are the hands thoroughly cleaned and washed without contact with any part of apparatus, but they are also dried by disinfected air.  
         [0093]     When bowl  30  rotates rearwardly, it may then be rinsed, disinfected and dried. To this end, the air that is drawn through nozzle  56  may first be drawn around bowl  30  rendering it dry and clean for the next user. If desired, this drying air could also be disinfected and/or heated. Alternately, air from hot air nozzle  52  may be used to dry bowl  30 .  
         [0094]     From time to time, it may be desirable for service personnel to wash down the entire unit. For this purpose, a flexible hose  60  may be provided (see  FIG. 6 ). Flexible hose  60  preferably has a manually operable jet nozzle  62  and is connected to the water supply within the apparatus, such as through a suitable valve  64  designed to be operable only by the service personnel so as to prevent vandalism and abuse.  
         [0095]     As shown in  FIG. 5 , the device preferably includes a safety feature, namely optical sensor  66 , which senses the presence of a person&#39;s hands in the vicinity of bowl  30  when it is open. This optical sensor prevents reverse rotation of bowl  30  so long as the person&#39;s hand are still in the vicinity of bowl  30 , thereby preventing possible injury. It may also include a light to illuminate the hands so that a person can check for cleanliness.  
         [0096]     It will of course be appreciated that there are a large number of detailed electrical connections and controls and valves and relays. Reference to the plumbing diagram  FIG. 9  and block diagram  FIG. 10  will clarify the operation of a preferred version of the apparatus, and be a sufficient explanation for persons skilled in the art to understand the design and construction of a hand cleaning apparatus  100  which may be used in accordance with the instant invention.  
         [0097]     As shown in  FIG. 10 , a main controller  70 , which may be operated by, e.g., foot switch  50 , may be connected to a use counter  72 , a rinse switch  74  and a hand wash solenoid  76 . It may also be connected to two pumps  78  and  80  and to a bowl operation protection device  66  already referred to and the ultraviolet light tube  56 , and to the dryer operation  54 .  
         [0098]     With the sump reservoir  46 , a pump  48  is preferably provided to periodically empty the sump. The reservoir can also be connected to the main plumbing drainage if desired.  
         [0099]     Optional status display  82  may be connected to the controller via the protection circuit  84 , so as to provide a visible display of the operative status of the apparatus.  
         [0100]     The operation of the whole apparatus is self-evident from the foregoing description. In the preferred embodiment of  FIGS. 5-8 , in the storage position, bowl  30  is normally positioned rotated rearwardly so that the hemispherical underside of the bowl is directed outwardly, thereby rendering the entire apparatus secure, and sealed all around the bowl. A user wishing to use the apparatus will first of all operate the foot control, and the following preferred sequence of operations may then be started as follows, if soap and water is used: 
    A. Bowl  30  rotates to the open position.     B. Clean water at the controlled temperature is dispensed over the hands to wet the hands prior to the washing step.     C. A cleansing solution of water and soap or other disinfectant or cleaner is then mixed with the water and then dispensed over the hands so that the hands may be washed.     D. A rinsing solution of water at the controlled temperature is then dispensed over the hands so that the hand may be rinsed clean.     E. The hands are then withdrawn from the bowl and bowl  30  rotates closed, dumping the washing water into the sink  42 , where it flows under gravity to the sump tank. Prior to the withdrawal of the hands from bowl  30 , the bowl is prevented from closing inadvertently by the optical sensor.     F. A hot-air jet is then directed over the hands, having been first of all passed through the ultraviolet chamber to disinfect the air.     G. Water and a disinfectant mixture is then sprayed around the interior of the bowl, while it is closed, to disinfect the interior of the bowl. Air is drawn in around the bowl to dry it. This may be the air drawn in to feed the hot-air jet. In some cases, this air may be first disinfected and heated.    
 
         [0108]     The following preferred sequence of operations may be started as follows, if a gel is used: 
        A. Bowl  30  rotates to the open position.     B. Gel is then dispensed over the hands so that the hands may be cleaned/disinfected.     C. The hands are then withdrawn from the bowl and bowl  30  rotates closed, dumping any excess gel into the sink  42 , where it flows under gravity to the sump tank. Prior to the withdrawal of the hands from bowl  30 , the bowl is prevented from closing inadvertently by the optical sensor.     D. Water and a disinfectant mixture may then be sprayed around the interior of the bowl, while it is closed, to disinfect the interior of the bowl. Air is drawn in around the bowl to dry it. This may be the air drawn in to feed the hot-air jet. In some cases, this air may be first disinfected and heated.        
 
         [0113]     If desired, air, either hot or cold, can be directed around the side areas of the front panel on the side of the bowl, the sink and also around the floor next to the foot pedal to dry any moisture that may have escaped. It will be appreciated that if gel is dispensed, only an enclosure sized to receive a user&#39;s hands may be provided. Accordingly, the enclosure may not have any moving parts.  
         [0114]     The counter  72  will record usage. In a more preferred embodiment, the device may also include a sensor  86  so as to identify the actual user. Thus counter  72  may identify the actual user, the actual wash cycles activated by the user and the time when the user used the washer. Sensor  86  may be any type that is known in the art. For example, sensor  86  may be adapted to identify a user by the security badge that the user might otherwise carry. For example, sensor  86  may be adapted to read a magnetic strip on a magnetic card  87  or a proximity card. Thus, in order to be able to activate the unit, the user must first swipe their card through sensor  86  and then proceed as described above. Alternately, sensor  86  may be of the proximity sensor type so that by placing the security badge near sensor  86 , it will identify the user, or it may include a bar code reader to read a bar code affixed, for example, to a security badge.  
         [0115]     After an appropriate count of uses, maintenance personnel may then check the apparatus, clean it and wash it down, and refill the various containers.  
         [0116]     The apparatus will be seen to provide an effective disinfecting means of cleaning hands, preferably without the user&#39;s hands contacting any contaminants once the cleaning cycle commences as the cleaning water or gel is operated automatically without manual control, the soap dispenser is operated automatically without manual control and the bowl itself may be cleansed and disinfected between each usage after which the user&#39;s hands may be dried by disinfected hot air if soap and water was used. The whole operation as far as the user is concerned may be controlled by means of a foot pedal or the like thereby removing further sources of contamination common to conventional hand cleaning facilities.  
         [0117]     The controlling of a cleaning cycle may be designed to meet various codes, such as FDA requirements. The sequence of events, the timing and duration, temperatures, the solution mixes, the cleaning of the bowl, the drying of the hands, as well as recording the successful completion of this sequence may be preprogrammed.  
         [0118]     It will be appreciated that hand cleaning apparatus  100  may have a much simpler design. For example, it may comprise an alcohol gel dispenser, which may optionally be accessed after a start button is depressed or identifying information is provided (not shown). The dispenser may be provided in an open hollow chamber to protect the dispenser from the elements. Alternately a door may be provided to close the chamber, which is preferably automatically actuated. The chamber may be sized to only hold the dispenser or to provide an enclosure sized to permit a person to rub an alcohol gel composition over their hands.  
         [0119]     Referring to  FIG. 1 , a preferred embodiment of the instant invention is exemplified wherein hand cleaning apparatus  100 , such as the one embodied in  FIGS. 5-8  but which apparatus need not have a hand cleaning function in the broad aspect of this invention, is utilized to control access to a building, or a portion of a building.  
         [0120]     Building  102  may have an entrance with doors  104 , which are controlled by a door operating system (not shown). The door operating system may be any system known in the art. For example, the door operating system may comprise a proximity sensor  106  which is operatively connected to motor  110  which is connected via a suitable linkage to doors  104 . Accordingly, doors  104  will open when proximity sensor  106  sends a signal to motor  110 . The door operating system may alternately be operated by a weight sensor positioned in front of doors  104 , a card reader, such as magnetic card  108 , any other means known in the art, or any combination thereof.  
         [0121]     In accordance with one embodiment of this invention, doors  104  will not open until a signal is provided by hand cleaning apparatus  100 . Accordingly, if a person approaches doors  104  without first using hand cleaning apparatus  100 , doors  104  will not open as a permissive signal has not been issued from hand cleaning apparatus  100 . In accordance with this embodiment, upon actuation of hand cleaning apparatus  100  and, preferably, upon completion of a hand cleaning cycle, controller  70  may send a signal to the door operating system (e.g. via wire  112 ) permitting proximity sensor  106  and/or magnetic card reader  108  or the like to be actuated to send a signal to motor  110  when a person approaches door  104 . For example, proximity sensor  106  and/or magnetic card reader  108  may be deactivated until a permissive signal is issued by controller  70 . Alternately, or in addition, doors  104  may be mechanically locked. The permissive signal may actuate, e.g., a solenoid to open the lock, thereby permitting the doors  104  to be opened. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that any particular door  104  whether interior of a building or at an entrance to a building, may be locked and automatically opened only after a person has utilized hand cleaning apparatus  100 .  
         [0122]     It will be appreciated that the entrance may be protected by a turnstile  134  or other entrance controlling member known in the arts (see, e.g.,  FIG. 11 ). A fence  136  or the like may be provided to prevent people from accessing door  104  without passing through turnstile  134 . In an alternate embodiment, turnstile  134  may be positioned immediately adjacent door  104  so that a fence  136  is not required. Each of these may be automatically actuated or unlocked by the approach of a person provided a permissive signal has been given by hand cleaning apparatus  100 .  
         [0123]     Alternately to controlling doors  104 , or in addition, as exemplified in  FIG. 3 , hand cleaning apparatus  100  may be provided with or associated with dispenser  120  (e.g. dispenser  120  may be positioned external to hand cleaning apparatus  100  but connected to hand cleaning apparatus  100 ). Accordingly, on completion of a cleaning cycle, controller  70  may send a signal to dispenser  120  instructing dispenser  120  to dispense a member, e.g., an access card and/or an authorization badge.  
         [0124]     Accordingly, dispenser  120  may be programmed to provide an authorization badge upon completion of a hand cleaning cycle. According to this embodiment, the building may require a person to wear the authorization badge at all times when they are in the building and/or only to display the badge to obtain entry to the building. For example, a person (e.g. a security guard) may be stationed adjacent to an entrance. The user would be required to display the authorization badge in order to gain access to the building or a portion of the building.  
         [0125]     In accordance with a further alternate embodiment of this invention, as exemplified in  FIG. 4 , hand cleaning apparatus  100  may also incorporate or have associated therewith an access card dispenser  126  (e.g. access card dispenser  126  may be positioned external to hand cleaning apparatus  100  but connected to hand cleaning apparatus  100 ). Access card dispenser  126  may dispense an access card upon completion of a hand cleaning cycle. The access card issued by dispenser  126  may be a magnetic card, such as may be used with magnetic card reader  108 , a proximity card or the like. Accordingly, upon completion of a hand cleaning cycle, the person may take the access card from dispenser  126  and utilize the card to enter the building. The user may retain the card (such as if a magnetic card reader  108  is utilized). Alternately, the access card may be retained by the reader (such as devices which are known to be used in turnstiles or the like).  
         [0126]     Accordingly, whether a permissive signal is issued, or an access card or an authorization badge is dispensed, the hand cleaning apparatus  100  is used to control access to a building or a portion of a building. If hand cleaning apparatus  100  is positioned inside a building, it may control entry to one or more rooms. If hand cleaning apparatus  100  is positioned outside the building, it may control access to the entire building, or only a portion thereof. Hand cleaning apparatus  100  may be positioned with respect to an entrance so that only the person who uses hand cleaning apparatus  100  may pass through a door (e.g., as exemplified in  FIG. 11 , by positioning hand cleaning apparatus  100  at the entrance and having the door as part of the hand cleaning apparatus  100  so that hand cleaning apparatus  100  is configured as part of the entranceway). Alternately, a person may be used, whether physically present or by video surveillance, to ensure that the person who passes through an entrance is the one who used the hand cleaning apparatus  100 .  
         [0127]     Preferably, hand cleaning apparatus  100  is also provided with a hand cleaning sensor or hand position sensor  114 . Sensor  114  may be any sensor known in the art that will monitor the use of hand cleaning apparatus  100  by a person to ensure that hand cleaning apparatus  110  is used by a person. For example, sensor  114  may be an optical sensor positioned to monitor the hands of a person beneath nozzle  34 . Accordingly, if a person&#39;s hands are not beneath nozzle  34  during the hand cleaning cycle, sensor  114  may send a signal to controller  70  indicative that the person using the hand cleaning apparatus did not properly use the hand cleaning apparatus (i.e. they did not use the water and soap provided by hand cleaning apparatus  104  to wash their hands). Accordingly, e.g., controller  70  will not send a signal to motor  110  at the end of a hand cleaning cycle. It will be appreciated that optical sensor is preferably positioned beneath nozzle  34  and may be any sensor known in the plumbing art to actuate the flow of water when a person places their hands beneath a tap. It will also be appreciated that sensor  114  may alternately be a sensor and a imager whereby the imager provides a light beam or other signal which is broken (interrupted) by a person correctly positioning their hands in bowl  30  or under a dispenser.  
         [0128]     In accordance with another embodiment of this invention, hand cleaning apparatus  100  may be provided with a health sensor  116 . Health sensor  116  may be provided as part of hand cleaning apparatus  100  or may be associated therewith (e.g. it may be positioned external to hand cleaning apparatus  100  but connected to controller  70 ). Health sensor  116  may be any sensor known in the art which may be used to check to determine whether a person is sick. Preferably, health sensor  116  comprises a temperature sensor and, more preferably, a temperature sensor which is capable of detecting the temperature of a person (e.g. their face) remotely (i.e., without contacting the person). Such sensors have been developed in the art and any such sensor may be used herewith. In particular, sensors such as those which have been distributed at airports to check the health of persons passing through an airport during the SARS outbreak may be used. In accordance with this embodiment of the invention, if sensor  116  determines that a person may be sick, then sensor  116  may send a signal to controller  70  thereby preventing controller  70  from sending a signal to motor  110  upon completion of a hand cleaning cycle, or preventing dispensers  120 ,  126  from operating. Accordingly, despite using hand cleaning apparatus  100 , a person may be prevented from entering building  102 . In addition, a warning signal, such as an auditory signal issued by speaker  118  and/or a flashing light, may be emitted alerting, e.g., building security personnel in the area that a person may be sick, or the warning signal could be sent to the building security monitoring station.  
         [0129]     In a further alternate embodiment, as exemplified in  FIG. 2 , it will be appreciated that hand cleaning apparatus  100  need not be integrated into the door operating system but may be a stand alone unit positioned at any particular location outside or inside a building. According to such an embodiment, hand cleaning apparatus  100  incorporates health sensor  116  and optionally a warning device such as speaker  50  but need not be connected to the door operating system. In addition, displace screen  82  may provide information to a person indicating that they may be sick and provide them with instructions.  
         [0130]     In accordance with a further alternate embodiment, as exemplified in  FIG. 3  dispenser  120  may be configured to dispense a mask  122  and/or gloves  124  in addition to, or in lieu of, an authorization badge or an access card. Accordingly, on completion of a cleaning cycle, controller  70  may send a signal to dispenser  120  instructing dispenser  120  to dispense a mask  122  and/or gloves  124 . Accordingly, once a person has washed their hands, they may put on gloves  124  and/or mask  122 .  
         [0131]     In a further alternate embodiment, the hand cleaning apparatus exemplified in  FIG. 3  may include health sensor  116 . If health sensor  116  determines that the person may be sick, then dispenser  120  may be commanded via controller  70  to dispense a mask  122  and/or gloves  124  to the person. Hand cleaning apparatus  100  may issue a warning signal, if so equipped, and, if part of a door entry system, may prevent entrance to a building or portion of a building and may, if so equipped, provide instructions to the user. At the end of a hand cleaning cycle, if health sensor  116  determines that the person is not sick, then dispenser  120  may be commanded via controller  70  to dispense a mask  122  and/or gloves  124  to the person and, if part of a door entry system, may permit entrance to a building or portion of a building and may, if so equipped, provide instructions to the user.  
         [0132]     Accordingly, in accordance with some embodiments of this invention, hand cleaning apparatus  100  is provided with an output module. The output module may be one or more of a member to provide a signal to a door operating system, an access card dispenser  126 , an authorization badge dispenser  120  and a mask and/or glove dispenser  120 . Regardless of the identity of the output module, the hand cleaning apparatus in combination with the output module can be used to control access to a building and/or to ensure that a person who enters a building is provided with a mask and/or glove.  
         [0133]     In accordance with a further alternate embodiment of this invention, hand cleaning apparatus  100  may be provided with an input member to permit a person to enter information as to their destination or destinations in the building and the expected duration of their visit and, preferably, identifying information (e.g. the person&#39;s name, address, phone number etc.). The input member may be designed to record any required information that may be selected for a building. Input member may be a card reader to read information provided on a security or identity card provided to a person working at the building (e.g. magnetic card reader  86  or a proximity card reader), a key pad  128  which may be a separate key pad or incorporated as part of status display  82  (e.g., display  82  may incorporate a touch sensitive screen depicting a keyboard), or a hard drive recorder  130  which receives input from microphone  132  or other input device known in the art. Some or all of this information may be contained on the access card or badge, which is dispensed by hand cleaning apparatus  100 . For example, the information regarding the person may be incorporated into the magnetic information stored on a magnetically readable card dispensed by hand cleaning apparatus  100  or printed on an authorization badge. Information regarding when the person must leave the building, or portion of the building, when the person must clean their hands again, or the portions of the building that a person may access may be stored in a machine readable manner and/or visually displayed.  
         [0134]     In a further alternate embodiment, it will be appreciated that microphone  132  need not be connected to a hard drive recorder but may be connected to a speaker in a control room in the building or elsewhere.  
         [0135]     The forgoing is a description of the preferred embodiments of the invention, which is given here by way of example only. The invention is not be taken as limited to any of the specific features as described, but comprehends all such variations thereof as come within the scope of the appended claims. In particular, it will be appreciated that the various features set out herein may be combined in any particular combination or sub combination.