Abstract:
An improved marimba/xylophone mallet, and method for making the same, in which a determined amount of liquid rubber is colored by a determined amount of pigment material. The colored liquid rubber is solidified into layer strips which are wrapped about a spheroid with the tightness of wrapping determined in association with the particular color of the pigmented rubber. A set of such mallets are formed with each mallet having a different color of mallet head varying in visual brightness for association in the mind of the musician as to corresponding musical brightness (timbre) of each mallet of the set.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention relates to a percussion mallet for use with a xylophone or marimba and more particularly relates to improved apparatus and method for making a percussion mallet. 
     Originally, xylophone/marimba mallets were constructed from 100% virgin rubber wrapped onto the end of a mallet stick. The virgin rubber provides a &#34;darker&#34; musical sound (timbre) from the musical instrument than what is possible from other materials. Many of these early percussion mallets were manufactured in Guatamala where there exists a source of virgin rubber. In making the Guatamalan mallets, rubber strips were wrapped continually around the end of a mallet stick. 
     The diameter of the mallet head is varied to provide different amounts of mass to the head for using different mallets to play different ranges of pitches, produced by the mallet striking against the musical instrument. Different sized mallets are generally used at different parts of the instrument. 
     Thus, in the percussion art, musicians generally associate the musical tone to be produced by a mallet with the particular diametrical size of the mallet head. For example, if a musician desires to play a lower musical pitch, he would use a mallet having a large diameter head; if the musician wishes to play a higher pitch, he would use a mallet having a small diameter head. The musician thus has become habitized into selecting different diameter-head mallets in accordance with the pitch to be played. 
     It would be highly desirable to provide mallets of like sizes but which are able to be used to produce different tonal qualities. However, decreasing the size of the mallet head confronts the habit of the musician to equate head size with pitch selection. 
     It would be highly desirable to provide several mallets of standard size but with each mallet having a different timbre producing characteristic (despite head size) and at the same time overcome the head-size-to-frequency association in the musical field. 
     It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved percussion mallet and method for making the same. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     These and other objects of the invention are achieved in a mallet head being visually color associated with the tonal quality producing characteristics of the mallet, for example, timbre. The particular mallet head is formed from liquid virgin rubber which is colored by a determined amount of pigment material and formed into thin layer strips. The strips are wrapped in varying degrees of stretch intensity in order to vary the timbre produced by a mallet despite a fixed diameter of head size. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a xylophone/marimba mallet of a preferred embodiment of the present invention. 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a wrapping step of a preferred method for making the mallet of FIG. 1. 
     FIGS. 3 through 8 illustrate the wrapping techniques utilized to form the mallet of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 9 illustrates a step of coloring the liquid rubber mixture utilized to wrap the mallet head of FIG. 1. 
     FIG. 10 illustrates the forming of the liquid rubber mixture into strips for making the mallet head of FIG. 1. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring to FIG. 1, a marimba mallet 11 is formed from a mallet head 13 positioned at one end of a mallet stick 15. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the making of the mallet head begins with a rubber or plastic sphere 17 which is glued or otherwise secured to one end of mallet stick 15. The sphere 17 serves as a mass which provides a foundation for carrying a plurality of rubber wrappings or layers 19. The layers are wrapped by hand at various stretch tensions in order to provide the mallet with a selected timbre producing characteristic. The particular manner of wrapping the head is described in more detail with reference to FIGS. 3-8. 
     Referring to FIG. 9, the making of the mallet head begins with preferably 100% pure virgin rubber 21 in its liquid state, i.e., natural rubber from the Hevea tree. A pigment vehicle mixture (pigment material) 23 is poured into a determined quantity of liquid rubber 21 and thereafter the two are mixed thoroughly. For example, three to four teaspoons of the pigment material specified in the examples hereinafter may be mixed with 16 ounces of liquid rubber. 
     The particular pigment material utilized is a latex and preferably has water as its base. The material may vary depending upon the particular color desired. Some pigment materials which may be utilized are general latex paint mixtures (e.g. Fuller O&#39;Brien water based latex) which may be described as follows: 
     
         ______________________________________Mixture 18.35% PigmentTitanium Dioxide 29.87%Monoazo Yellow   44.16%Silica           25.97%            100.00%91.65% VehicleAcrylic Resin    22.00%Methyl Cellulose .70%Glycols          6.45%Water            70.85%            100.00%Mixture 212.21% PigmentTitanium Dioxide 50.00%Barium Sulphate  50.00%            100.00%87.79% VehicleAcrylic Resin    26.23%Glycols          14.01%Methyl Cellulose .52%Water            59.24%            100.00%Mixture 315.4% PigmentTitanium Dioxide 87.10%Barium Sulphate  12.90%            100.00%84.60% VehicleAcrylic Resin    26.20%Glycols          14.20%Methyl Cellulose .35%Water            58.85%            100.00%Mixture 415.42% PigmentTitanium Dioxide 17.42%Red Iron Oxide   41.94%Yellow Iron Oxide            40.64%            100.00%84.58% VehicleAcrylic Resin    25.16%Methyl Cellulose .49%Glycols          6.87%Water            67.48%            100.00%______________________________________ 
    
     The particular % given above are percentages by volume. 
     Some present suppliers of liquid rubber mix an antioxidant in with the liquid rubber in order to slow the aging process of the rubber. Such a liquid rubber with an anti-oxidant may be used in accordance with the embodiment herein described. 
     After the pigmented latex 23 has been thoroughly mixed with liquid rubber 21, the mixture will be of one color. As illustrated in FIG. 10, the colored mixture is poured into a mold 25 to form a plurality of strips 27 having a predetermined size, for example, 0.048&#34; depth, 1&#34; width, and various lengths as desired. Examples of length sizes include 50&#34;, 26&#34;, 21&#34;, 11&#34; and 8&#34;. 
     The mixture is permitted to solidify such that the layer strips 27 become solid rubber. The strip 27 is self-adhesive and sticks to itself as the strip is wrapped in layers to form the mallet head. 
     The rubber spheroid 17 is wrapped with a predetermined number of wraps and the tightness of successive wrappings are varied in association with the particular colored pigment of the pigmented latex. This provides the mallet head with a particular timbre producing quality which is to be associated with the particular visual color of the mallet. 
     In wrapping the mass of the spheroid 17, a first step of wrapping is performed in which the rubber strip is initially wrapped around the perimeter of the ball a plurality of revolutions at a fixed stretch intensity, as shown in FIG. 2. For example, a one-inch diameter spheroid may be wrapped with a one-inch width strip counter-clockwise for 4 and 1/2 times around the perimeter of the rubber ball. During the initial step the rubber strip is not stretched, but is wrapped in its relaxed state. 
     Next, a second step of wrapping is performed in which the rubber strip is pulled up across the top of the ball, as shown at 29 in FIG. 3, in a first pass 31 overlapping one side of the top of the ball. The strip is pulled down underneath the bottomside of the ball and across one side of the ball generally tangent to the mallet stick, as shown at 33. The pass on the underneath side of the ball is generally at an angle to the first pass 31 across the top of the ball. The angle of the pass across the bottom of the ball permits the strip to be next pulled back up and across the top of the ball in a second pass 35 substantially perpendicular to first pass 31. The strip is pulled down underneath one side of the ball (as shown at 37, FIG. 4) and at an angle to second pass 35. The strip is pulled back up across the top in a third pass 39 substantially parallel to the first pass 31. The strip is then pulled down underneath one side of the ball (at 41, FIG. 5) and across the underneath portion of the ball. The strip is then pulled back up and across the top of the ball in a fourth pass 43 substantially parallel to the second pass 35. The strip is then pulled underneath the ball at 45, providing the fourth pass to the bottom. The rubber then may be pulled over top of the first pass 31, as shown in FIG. 6, and side view in FIG. 7. This provides a covering across the top and underneath side of the ball holding the perimeter wrappings to the ball surface. 
     The wrapping to cover the upper and lower portion of the ball are performed with the rubber stretched. The more the stretch the &#34;harder&#34;, less resilient, the head. Thus, tighter stretching wraps give the mallets a brighter (timbre) sound, whereas less tight stretching wraps give the mallets a darker (timbre) sound. 
     Next, the first step of wrapping is repeated for wrapping the perimeter a second time with a plurality of revolutions of the strip. For example, five revolutions of the strip are next formed to wrap the perimeter. Again, the wrapping of the perimeter is performed with the rubber strip in its unstretched and relaxed state. 
     Finally, the second step of wrapping is performed again for covering the top and bottom of the ball. The wrapping of the mallet is completed by carrying the rubber strip down to the underneath side of the ball at a gentle angle from the perimeter, as illustrated in FIG. 8. The rubber strip adheres to the underside of the mallet by its self-adhesive nature. 
     Using a 21 inch length strip to wrap the spheroid 17 by the four above steps, and using a stretch intensity so that the full length of strip is used, is an example of a mallet producing a particular timbre. Also using a 26 inch length strip so that the entire length of strip is used, results in a mallet producing a different timbre. 
     Since &#34;brightness&#34; in sound is a term used to specify timbre, this association may be utilized by coloring the rubber for separate mallets using bright colors (more light reflective, e.g. white, cream color, etc.) and using dark colors (more light absorbive, e.g. brown, light brown, etc.) in association with the &#34;brightness&#34; of the timbre produced. One example would be to have a plurality of mallets (say 4 or more) and with each mallet head colored from dark brown to white, e.g. dark brown, brown, cream-colored, white, and with varuing timbre respectively from a darker sound for the dark brown mallet to a bright sound for the white mallet. Thus, the musician could select a particular timbre producing quality by selecting mallets on the basis of color. 
     Also, the timbre of the mallet may be varied depending upon the hardness of the spheroid 17, e.g. the spheroid may be formed of rubber, as the example above, or may be formed of plastic. As will suggest itself; a softer material could be used for the spheroid, which will affect the timbre. 
     It is to be understood, of course, that the foregoing describes a preferred embodiment of the present invention and that modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.