Abstract:
A bicyclist&#39;s helmet comprises: 
     (a) an outer shell containing distributed openings through which air streams may enter the helmet, 
     (b) a liner in said outer shell and supporting same adjacent such openings, 
     (c) the liner forming left and right air flow channels communicating with the openings, the channels openly facing the interior of the helmet lengthwise of the channels for conducting air toward the rear of the helmet. 
     In addition, a screen may be located over at least one of the channels; the openings may be transversely elongated and have narrow slit width to increase air pickup yet maintain helmet strength; a removable brow perspiration pad may be employed inwardly of a frontal opening in the helmet; an adjustable visor may be incorporated in the helmet; and a quickly attachable and detachable connection may be employed on the helmet retention system.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates generally to helmets, and more particularly concerns a safety helmet of the type worn by bicyclists, and having a construction enhancing comfort and safety of the wearer. 
     In the past, it was known to provide air vents in helmets, as for example are described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,496,854 to Feldman and U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,821 to Lewicki. Such helmets lack the unusually advantageous features of construction, beneficial results and combinations thereof as are now provided by the present helmet, these including enhanced safety, air cooling, perspiration removal, and adjustability. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     It is a major object of the invention to provide an improved helmet incorporating all of the above referenced advantages and results. Basically, the helmet comprises: 
     (a) an outer shell containing distributed openings through which air streams may enter the helmet, 
     (b) a liner in said outer shell and supporting same adjacent said openings, 
     (c) the liner forming left and right air flow channels communicating with said openings, the channels openly facing the interior of the helmet lengthwise of said channels for conducting air toward the rear of the helmet. 
     As will appear, a screen may be located within the helmet interior to extend over at least one of the channels to block entrance of the wearer&#39;s hair into the screen protected channel or channels so that air flow may continue without interruption while heat and perspiration are removed by the air flow; and the openings may be transversely elongated to increase air pickup and discharge, yet they may be formed as narrow slits outwardly of the liner, so as to maintain helmet strength and resistance to impact. 
     It is another object of the invention to provide a center front opening with which certain of the channels communicate at their forward ends; a brow perspiration pad may be carried by the liner to underlie that front opening and to engage the brow of the wearer, the pad, which may be perforate, being cooled by air streams entering the front opening; and the pad may be removably positioned by padding in the helmet liner so as to be quickly removable for wringing out, drying and replacement in the liner. 
     Further, an adjustable pivoted visor may be provided, and characterized as snapping free of connection to the helmet in response to impact; and a retention system of unusually advantageous construction is provided. 
     These and other objects and advantages of the invention, as well as the details of an illustrative embodiment, will be more fully understood from the following description and drawings, in which: 
    
    
     DRAWING DESCRIPTION 
     FIG. 1 is a plan view of a helmet embodying the invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a side elevation of the FIG. 1 helmet; 
     FIG. 2a is a fragmentary section; 
     FIG. 3 is an elevation taken in section on lines 3--3 of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 4 is a bottom plan, fragmentary view of the FIG. 1 helmet, but showing the liner interior only; 
     FIG. 5 is an enlarged fragmentary section taken on lines 5--5 of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 6 is an enlarged section taken on lines 6--6 of FIG. 3; 
     FIG. 7 is a fragmentary elevation taken on lines 7--7 of FIG. 6; and 
     FIG. 8 is an enlarged section taken on lines 8--8 of FIG. 3. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the drawings, the helmet 10 includes an outer, relatively thin, dome shaped shell 11, and an inner relatively thicker liner 12. The shell consists for example of hard, molded plastic material such as DuPont ST 801 NYLON, or polycarbonate, and the liner consists for example of semi-flexible foam plastic material such as polystyrene or polyurethane. The liner 12 is shown as formed in two sections 12a and 12b, meeting at transverse parting line or plane indicated at 12c. The liner sections may be suitably rigidly bonded at 13 to the shell inner surface. 
     The shell contains or forms a number of air passing openings, including a front opening 14; a series of left side openings 15-18; a series of right side openings 19-22; and a series of top openings 24-26. Such openings define transversely elongated, narrow slits of substantially constant width, and are characterized in that they do not have edges offset inwardly into the helmet interior 23 (as in U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,821) but rather the opening edges remain outwardly spaced from the helmet interior, so that impact loading on the shell is transferred to the outer portions of the liner, for enhanced protective and cushioning effect. See in FIG. 3, for example, the front and top opening edges 14a, 24a, 25a and 26a, which remain at the outer side of the liner, to be cushioned against liner portions 27-30 in the event of impact loading, for enhancing the protection of the wearer. 
     The substantially constant, narrow width of a typical slit-shaped shell opening is indicated by the letter &#34;w&#34; in FIG. 1, applied to opening 25, having spaced generally parallel edges 25a and 25b. Width &#34;w&#34; remains substantially the same over the transversely elongated, arcuate length &#34;l&#34; of the opening. Length &#34;l&#34; is at least about four times greater than width &#34;w&#34;, whereby air entering the opening is distributed transversely to much greater extent than is characteristic of the air entrances shown in U.S. Pat. No. 3,925,821. Accordingly, cooling effect is enhanced. These same dimensional criteria apply to openings 15-18, 19-22, and 24-26. FIG. 3 also shows shell opening edges 14b, 24b, and 26b. 
     It will also be noted that openings 14-17, 19-21, 24 and 25 face generally forwardly to receive in-flow of air, whereas openings 18, 22 and 26 face generally rearwardly to discharge or vent air flowing from the helmet interior, as will further appear. In addition, the liner sections also contain through openings spaced inwardly from the shell openings, but in general registration therewith, so that the liner openings also have the transverse elongation corresponding to that of the shell openings. See liner front opening 114, liner left side openings 115-118, liner right side openings 119-122, and liner top openings 124-126. Openings 114, 115-117, 119-121, 124 and 125 conduct the inflowing air to flow channels in the liner sections, and openings 118, 122 and 126 conduct air flow from such channels to the exterior. See in this regard like left and right side channels 30&#39; which extend longitudinally rearwardly from the inlet openings 115 and 119 to terminate at the rear of the liner, as seen at 30a, as seen in FIG. 4. Incoming air from inlet openings 115, 116 and 117 flows into the left channel 30&#39; via recessed paths 115a, 116a and 117a, and air leaves that channel as shown by arrow 32. Similarly, air from inlet openings 19-21 flows into right side channel 30&#39; and discharges therefrom at the rear of the liner. Also, air flowing into opening 117 in part flows via recessed paths 117a and 118a to discharge via openings 118 and 18; and air flowing into opening 21 in part flows via corresponding recessed paths to discharge via openings 122 and 22. 
     Similarly, a longitudinally extending center channel 35, and left and right channels 36 parallel to channel 35 and at opposite sides thereof in the liner sections, intersect the top openings 124, 125 and 126. Air flowing in via openings 124 and 125 passes along these three channels and exits via rear opening 126. 
     Lands 37 formed by the liner inner wall separate the channels 30&#39; and 36; and lands 38 separate the channels 36 and 35, at laterally opposite sides of vertical longitudinal plane 39, seen in FIG. 5. Longitudinally extending foam padding strips 40 are bonded to lands 27, as seen in FIGS. 3 and 7; and transverse padding strips 41 and 42 extend between the strips 40 at opposite ends thereof, and attach to the liner inner surface. Accordingly, the strips 40-42 extend peripherally about centrally open, top interior portion 44 of the liner, across which a mesh or screen 43 extends. The periphery 43a of the screen is secured to the liner by the padding strips 40, under which it extends. The screen in turn blocks entrance or access of the helmet wearer&#39;s hair into the air flow channels 35 and 36, but at the same time allows air flow therein to entrain heat and perspiration from the top of the wearer&#39;s head to be carried to the exterior via the channels 35 and 36 and opening 126. See also FIG. 5. 
     As seen in FIGS. 3, 6 and 7 the front opening 14 in the shell, and liner opening 114, communicate with forward ends of channels 35 and 36, via space 46 which is in turn covered by a perspiration absorbing pad 47. The latter is shown to have generally rectangular form and is peripherally frictionally retained at 48 by matching inner edge 49a of padding 49. Pad 47 is removable, whereas padding 49 is bonded to the liner inner surface. Further, pad 47 contains multiple through openings 50 to allow air flow therethrough, whereby air in the space 46 (received via front opening 14 and exiting via channels 35 and 36) may circulate to the brow of the wearer, to cool same. When pad 47 is soaked with perspiration, it may be quickly grasped and pulled out to be wrung out, and then just as quickly replaced, as by the wearer during the course of a bicycle race. Space 46 overlies opening 14 and the front ends of channels 35 and 36, and underlies pad 47. 
     Side and rear padding sections 52 and 53 are also bonded to the liner interior surface, as shown, and padding buttons 54 are attached to that surface as by tape 55. Buttons are received in openings 54a in the padding 52 and 53, and project inwardly beyond the inner surfaces of sections 52 and 53, for engagement with the head of the wearer, at limited locations. See FIG. 8 in this regard. Adherent tape 55 may be removable from the liner surface 56. 
     FIGS. 2 and 2a show the provision of visor 60 which is generally C-shaped, and has rear terminals 60a pivotally attached to opposite sides of the helmet. For that purpose, studs 61 on the helmet may be received into openings 62 in the visor terminals, and the visor is flexible to snap free of the studs in response to frontal impacts. The visor may consist of darkened, transparent, molded plastic sheet material. FIG. 2a shows a detent means consisting of a lug 63 on the front of the visor selectively engageable into slots 64 formed in a molded part 65 on the front of the helmet, whereby the position of the visor may be adjusted up or down. Other detent means may be provided. 
     FIG. 2 also shows the provision of a helmet retention system comprising left and right retention strap sections 66 and 67 attached to the helmet (see attachment 66a for section 66, for example); left and right clips 68 and 69 respectively attached to the sections 66 and 67 as at 68a and 69a, for example, and rear strap sections 70 and 71 attached to the helmet at 72. Section 71 is attached to clip 69 as at 69b, and section 70 is attached to clip 68 as at 68b. Clip 69 is shown shifted out of position, for clarity. 
     A connector strap section 74 is attached at one end to clip 69 at 69c, and is also attached at its opposite end to a connector 75. The latter is loop shaped and has a cross piece 75a that is removably supported by a hook 76 integral with molded plastic clip 68. A cantilevered retainer 77 integral with clip 68 is adapted to be deflected when connector cross piece 75a is applied into the hook, or removed therefrom; and otherwise, the retainer retains or blocks removal of the cross-piece off the hook. The act of applying the cross-piece to the hook serves to yieldably deflect the retainer inwardly, to unblock application of the connector to the hook, whereby a very rapid hook-up of the retention system is achieved. This is facilitated by the flat planar shape of the clip 68 which presses against the cheek of the wearer, to support the clip during such hook-up. 
     In FIG. 3, note that liner openings 124 and 125 are offset from perpendiculars 124b and 125b normal to the shell at the shell openings 24 and 25.