Abstract:
The invention relates to an aircraft comprising an insulation system for thermal and acoustic insulation. Said insulation system includes a cabin, an outer skin, a sound insulating unit, and a heat insulating unit. The sound insulating unit is designed to acoustically insulate the aircraft. The heat insulating unit is designed to thermally insulate the aircraft. The sound insulating unit and the heat insulating unit are arranged between the cabin and the outer skin.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The invention relates to insulation systems for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation. In particular, the invention relates to an aircraft comprising an insulation system for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation of an aircraft. 
       BACKGROUND TO THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    Conventional insulation arrangements in an aircraft comprise a cotton-wool-like insulation material that is weld-sealed into foil or film. Weld-sealing protects the insulation material against wetness. Without the weld-sealing foil or film, the insulation material would soak up water, which would result in a very substantial increase in weight. 
         [0003]    The insulation is installed in the fuselage of the aircraft before the cabin and the other systems are installed. To ensure that the insulation matches the structure of the aircraft, at many positions complicated shapes need to be weld-sealed (for example on the windows, doors, etc.). For subsequent installation of the systems the corresponding retainers need to be accessible, in other words need to project through the insulation. To this effect openings in the foil or film are provided, through which openings the retainer can then be reached. These openings subsequently need to be closed off elaborately with adhesive material, for example to prevent moisture (condensed water etc.) from reaching the insulation material or the structures situated behind it. 
         [0004]    From DE 10 2006 023 299 A1 and WO 2007/131583 A1 an acoustic insulation arrangement on an aircraft fuselage structure is known. 
         [0005]    DE 10 2007 008 986 A1 and WO 2008/101986 A1 show a fuselage of an aircraft or spacecraft with at least one shell element and a structural element and a ventilated space between the shell element and the structural element. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0006]    It can be considered an object of the invention to state thermal insulation and acoustic insulation in a transportation means, which thermal insulation and acoustic insulation is simple and flexible in use. 
         [0007]    Stated are an aircraft with an insulation system for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation, as well as a method for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation of an aircraft according to the characteristics of the independent claims. Further embodiments of the invention are embodied by the dependent claims. 
         [0008]    According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, stated are an aircraft with an insulation system for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation with a cabin, an outer skin, an acoustic insulation unit and a thermal insulation unit. The acoustic insulation unit is designed for acoustically insulating the aircraft; the thermal insulation unit is designed for thermally insulating the aircraft; and the acoustic insulation unit and the thermal insulation unit are arranged between the cabin and the outer skin. 
         [0009]    Such an aircraft with an insulation system makes it possible to simplify manufacture and installation of the thermal and acoustic insulation and to shorten the work time when compared to the manufacture and installation of integrated acoustic and thermal insulation made in one piece. 
         [0010]    Such an insulation system is associated with an advantage in that the insulation expenditure can be reduced in that the tasks of acoustic insulation and thermal insulation are split up to be handled by separate components that are optimally designed, namely by the acoustic insulation unit and the thermal insulation unit. It is a prerequisite for the cabin to be installed as an entity in the fuselage. 
         [0011]    The thermal insulation unit of the insulation system of the aircraft comprises, for example, a coarsely-textured woven material with a coarse fiber pattern that can prevent the formation of capillaries and thus the soaking-up of water as a result of contact with water (capillary action). Thus there is no need for the thermal insulation unit to be weld-sealed. 
         [0012]    Such an insulation system makes it possible, even for aircraft of a carbon fiber plastic construction (CFRP construction) to only require one acoustic insulation unit and one thermal insulation unit. 
         [0013]    Such an insulation system in the aircraft makes it possible for the woven material of the thermal insulation unit in the above-floor region, in other words in the upper region of the cabin, to be able to be attached to the cabin outside the fuselage. Wherever there are windows, doors, retainers etc. the thermal insulation can simply be separated, without the need, for example, for subsequent repair work. 
         [0014]    In this arrangement the acoustic insulation unit of the insulation system of the aircraft can be designed as a sound-absorbing component and can be attached over a large area to the outer skin of the fuselage. 
         [0015]    The acoustic insulation unit of the insulation system of the aircraft can be formed like the sound-absorbing walls of a sound studio. As a result of the sound-absorbing geometry and the material of the acoustic insulation unit, sound can be absorbed. 
         [0016]    Such an insulation system of an aircraft makes possible improved thermal and acoustic insulation by separating the tasks of thermal insulation and acoustic insulation to an acoustic insulation unit and a thermal insulation unit, and by the use of suitable materials and designs relating to the thermal insulation unit and the acoustic insulation unit. 
         [0017]    The insulation system of the aircraft provides an advantage in that simple manufacture of the insulation, namely of the acoustic insulation unit and of the thermal insulation unit, is made possible because it is no longer necessary to weld-seal the thermal insulation unit. Manufacturing thermal insulation can take place in a manner similar to manufacturing a carpet, and thermal insulation can be produced as piece goods because in contrast to the weld-sealed thermal insulation unit no complicated shapes need to be taken into account during manufacture. 
         [0018]    Furthermore, such an insulation system of an aircraft allows simple installation when compared to that of a weld-sealed thermal insulation unit, because it requires no repair work on a weld-seal film or foil, and because the thermal insulation can be attached to the cabin from outside the fuselage. 
         [0019]    By means of such an insulation system of an aircraft savings in time and expenditure can be achieved because of the simple manufacture and the quick installation of the insulation system when compared to the manufacture and installation of weld-sealed thermal insulation. 
         [0020]    Such an insulation system of an aircraft furthermore comprises an advantage in that by splitting the tasks of thermal insulation and acoustic insulation an improvement in the quality can be achieved. 
         [0021]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the acoustic insulation is attached to the outer skin of the aircraft, wherein the thermal insulation unit is attached to the cabin of the aircraft. 
         [0022]    According to a further exemplary embodiment, the acoustic insulation is bonded from the inside to the outer skin of the aircraft, and the thermal insulation unit is in place in the manner of a fishing net over the cabin. 
         [0023]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, there is an air gap between the outer skin and the cabin. 
         [0024]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, there is an air gap between the thermal insulation unit and the acoustic insulation unit. 
         [0025]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the acoustic insulation unit is attached to a first side of the cabin, and the thermal insulation unit is attached to a second side of the cabin. 
         [0026]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the acoustic insulation unit is attached to the thermal insulation unit, wherein the combination comprising the acoustic insulation unit and the thermal insulation unit is attached to the cabin. In other words, this means that the acoustic insulation unit can, for example, be attached to the thermal insulation unit, and thereafter the two connected insulation units can be attached to the cabin. The two connected insulation units can, for example, be attached in the interior of the cabin in the region between the cabin and the outer skin or on the part of the cabin facing away from the outer skin. 
         [0027]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the acoustic insulation unit and the thermal insulation unit are attached to each other on the outer skin. In other words, this means that the acoustic insulation unit can be attached to the thermal insulation unit, and the two connected insulation units can be attached to the outer skin in a region between the cabin and the outer skin. 
         [0028]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the acoustic insulation unit is attached to the outer skin from the inside by means of bonding. 
         [0029]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the acoustic insulation unit is formed from a sound absorbing material from the group comprising foam rubber, rubber, polystyrene, a sound-absorbing plastic material, a sound-absorbing natural material, etc. 
         [0030]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation unit is formed from a coarsely-textured woven material with a coarse fiber pattern in order to avoid the formation of capillaries, thus preventing the thermal insulation unit from soaking up water. 
         [0031]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation unit comprises a multitude of strips and a connecting strip, wherein the connecting strip is designed to affix the strips. 
         [0032]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the strips are arranged so as to be perpendicular to the connecting strip. 
         [0033]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the strips are affixed to the connecting strip so as to be regularly spaced apart. 
         [0034]    The strips can be affixed to the connecting strips by bonding or welding them into place. 
         [0035]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the strips and the connecting strips of the thermal insulation unit are attached to the outer skin of the aircraft by bonding and/or hooking them into place. 
         [0036]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the strips are formed from a material from a group comprising plastic, natural material, polyurethane, polycarbonate, foamed material, glass fiber, glass wool, polyamide, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP), wherein the connecting strip is formed from a material from the group comprising plastic, natural material, polyurethane, polycarbonate, foamed material, glass fiber, glass wool, polyamide, glass-fiber-reinforced plastic (GRP). 
         [0037]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the thermal insulation unit is designed to be separated without this causing fraying of the thermal insulation unit. Separation or ripping without fraying the thermal insulation unit is made possible in that the strips of the thermal insulation unit are not damaged during separation, but instead are only displaced. Cutting to size the woven material of the thermal insulation unit can take place at the connecting strips so that the stability of the woven material is not reduced or that fraying of the woven material during cutting to size can be prevented. 
         [0038]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, a method for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation of an aircraft is stated with a first step for attaching an acoustic insulation unit and a thermal insulation unit between a cabin and an outer skin of the aircraft. 
         [0039]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method furthermore involves attaching an acoustic insulation unit to the outer skin of the aircraft, and attaching a thermal insulation unit to the cabin of the aircraft. 
         [0040]    According to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention, the method further comprises inserting the cabin in an aircraft fuselage, and drilling or cutting through the thermal insulation unit at predetermined locations for the passing-through of retainers or other installations for the cabin. 
         [0041]    The individual features of the various exemplary embodiments can also be combined, as a result of which, in part, advantageous effects may arise which exceed the sum of the individual effects, even if these effects are not expressly described. 
         [0042]    It should be noted in particular that the characteristics described presently and below with regard to the aircraft with the insulation system can also be implemented in the method and vice versa. 
         [0043]    These and other aspects of the invention are explained and illustrated with reference to the exemplary embodiments described below. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0044]      FIG. 1  shows an aircraft with an insulation system for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0045]      FIG. 2   a  shows an outer skin with a thermal insulation unit in the form of a woven material according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0046]      FIG. 2   b  shows the outer skin with the thermal insulation unit of  FIG. 2   a  and a single cabin, arranged on the outer skin, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0047]      FIG. 3  shows a segment of an outer skin with a cabin and woven material surfaces of thermal insulation units and an aircraft fuselage segment according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0048]      FIG. 4  shows an outer skin with an acoustic insulation unit and an aircraft fuselage segment according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
           [0049]      FIG. 5  shows a flow chart of a method for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation of an aircraft according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS 
       [0050]    Below, exemplary embodiments of the invention are described with reference to the enclosed figures. 
         [0051]    The illustrations in the figures are diagrammatic and not to scale. In the following description of the figures the same reference characters are used for identical or similar elements. 
         [0052]      FIG. 1  shows a lateral view of an aircraft  100  with a section line A-A across the aircraft fuselage. 
         [0053]    According to the section line A-A,  FIG. 1  further shows a cross section A-A of an insulation system  101  of circular shape. 
         [0054]    The insulation system  101  comprises a circular cabin  102 , arranged on the inside; a thermal insulation unit  105  arranged on the outside of the aforesaid when viewed from the centre of the circular insulation system  101 ; an adjoining air gap  106 ; and an adjoining acoustic insulation unit  104  that is attached to a circular outer skin  103  of the aircraft  100 . 
         [0055]    The acoustic insulation unit  104  is designed for acoustically insulating the aircraft  100 . The thermal insulation unit  105  is designed for thermally insulating the aircraft  100 . 
         [0056]      FIG. 2   a  shows part of an outer skin  103  of an aircraft with a section  200 , shown in an enlarged view. The enlarged section shows a coarsely structured woven material  201  that represents a thermal insulation unit with a coarse fiber pattern. The woven material  201  is designed to avoid the formation of capillaries, thus preventing the thermal insulation unit  105  from soaking up water. 
         [0057]    The woven material  201  or the thermal insulation unit comprises a multitude of strips  202  that are, for example, arranged so as to be essentially at a right angle to, for example, two connecting strips  203  and essentially parallel to each other, wherein the strips  202  have been sewn to the connecting strips  203 , and thus the connecting strips  203  affix the strips  202 . 
         [0058]    The strips  202  and the connecting strips  203  can be formed from a plastic or a natural material. The strips  202  can be affixed to the connecting strip  203  by means of bonding or welding them into place. 
         [0059]    The strips  202  or the connecting strips  203  can be attached to the outer skin  103  by bonding or hooking them into place. Thus the woven material  201  can be fixed to the outer skin  103  by bonding or hooking it into place. 
         [0060]    Cutting the woven material  201  to size in the case of the connecting strip  203  can take place without the stability of the woven material  201  being destroyed, or so that fraying of the woven material when cutting it to size can be prevented. 
         [0061]      FIG. 2   b  shows a cabin  102  and in the direction of the arrow P, spaced apart from it by approximately one length of the arrow, a cabin  102  that is installed on the part of the outer skin  103  of  FIG. 2   a  with the coarsely-textured woven material  201  that acts as a thermal insulation unit. 
         [0062]    The thermal insulation unit or the woven material  201  is affixed to the cabin in that it is unrolled over the outer skin  103  of the cabin  102 , wherein in this process it falls down to the height of a floor on which the cabin  102  rests. 
         [0063]      FIG. 3  shows part of an outer skin  103  with a cabin  102  that is affixed to the part of the outer skin  103 , and three woven material surfaces  201  that act as thermal insulation units. The part of the outer skin  103 , which part comprises the cabin segments  102 , and the woven material surfaces  201  can be installed to form a thermally-insulated outer skin  303 . The thermally-insulated outer skin  303  is arranged in the direction of the arrows P, spaced apart from the part of the outer skin  103  by approximately one length of the arrow. 
         [0064]      FIG. 4  shows part of an outer skin  103  with a section  400  shown in an enlarged view. The enlarged section  400  shows an acoustic insulation unit  104  comprising an undulating geometry for absorbing sound, which acoustic insulation unit  104  has been attached to part of the outer skin  103 . In this arrangement the acoustic insulation unit  104  can, for example, comprise the width of a frame element, and is attached to the outer skin  103  from the inside, for example by means of bonding. 
         [0065]    The part of the outer skin  103  can be assembled, for example by means of bonding, with further parts of an outer skin to form an acoustically insulated outer skin  403  that is arranged in the direction of the arrows P, spaced apart from the part of the outer skin  103  by approximately one length of the arrow. 
         [0066]      FIG. 5  shows a flow chart of a method  500  for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation of an aircraft, with the method involving the following steps: a first step  501  involves attaching the acoustic insulation unit to the outer skin of the aircraft. A further step  502  involves attaching the thermal insulation unit to the cabin of the aircraft. In step  503  the cabin is inserted into an aircraft fuselage. Step  504  involves drilling or cutting through the thermal insulation unit at predetermined locations for the passing-through of retainers or other installations for the cabin. 
         [0067]    Although the invention has been described with reference to the exemplary embodiments, various alterations and modifications can be carried out without leaving the scope of protection of the invention. An insulation system for thermal insulation and acoustic insulation can be used in aircraft and in any other transportation means. 
         [0068]    In addition, it should be pointed out that “comprising” does not exclude other elements or steps, and “a” or “one” does not exclude a plural number. In particular, the aircraft comprising an insulation system can, for example, comprise more than one cabin, more than one outer skin, more than one acoustic insulation unit, more than one thermal insulation unit, more than one air gap; and the thermal insulation unit can comprise more than one strip and more than one connecting strip. 
         [0069]    Furthermore, it should be pointed out that characteristics or steps which have been described with reference to one of the above exemplary embodiments can also be used in combination with other characteristics or steps of other exemplary embodiments described above. Reference characters in the claims are not to be interpreted as limitations.