Abstract:
A wireless alarm system utilizes pulsed FM transmissions to increase the effective range of the system while meeting FCC requirements for radiated signal strength. The effective range of the system is increased by shortening the duty cycle and increasing the signal strength during the on-time. This results in a low average RF signal strength, however, an increased transmission distance is achieved.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     The invention pertains in general to commercial and residential fire and security alarm systems. 
     Such alarm systems, and in particular residential alarm systems, may use RF (radio frequency) links between alarm sensors such as magnetic door/window contacts, infrared motion detectors and the like and a main control panel. More specifically multiple RF transmitters are typically used to send messages from the alarm sensor to the main control panel. The RF signals are in accordance with Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules and regulations transmitted at approximately 315 mHz. 
     The FCC regulations limit the field strength of 315 MHz alarm devices to a maximum average field strength. 
     One problem with presently available systems is that installations of such residential alarm systems may experience reception problems due to limitations in the range between the transmitters and receiver due to its low level of permissible field strength of RF transmissions. 
     In one prior arrangement a pulse width amplitude modulated scheme is used for transmission of data. In that arrangement, bits of data are not sent as contiguous bits. The individual bits are sent as bursts of carrier and for example a &#34;1&#34; might be twice the width of a &#34;0&#34; and there is no carrier between bits. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the principles of the inventor the effective range between a RF transmitter and a RF receiver in an alarm system subject to the FCC mandated regulations is increased by transmitting messages in data bursts or pulses of RF energy which have a field strength higher than the permissible field strength level while maintaining a duty cycle whereby the average field strength is no higher than the FCC mandated level. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     The invention may be better understood from a reading of the following detailed description in conjunction with the drawing figure in which: 
     FIG. 1 illustrates an alarm system to which the present invent is advantageously applied; 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of the system of FIG. 1 in block diagram form; 
     FIG. 3 illustrates the transmitter utilized in the system of FIGS. 1 and 2; 
     FIG. 4 is a timing diagram of a prior art transmission arrangement; and 
     FIG. 5 is a timing diagram in accordance with the present invention. 
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In the alarm system of FIG. 1, a control panel 1 which may be mounted at a convenient location in a residence includes a control board 2, power supply and battery 3 and an RF receiver 4. A digital dialer 5 is incorporated which can send an account number plus zone number, alarm, trouble and restore messages to a central station receiver via telephone lines 6. The system can accommodate up to seven hardwired loops, including a fire loop 7 which can accommodate a maximum of five smoke detectors 8. The fire loop 7 includes an end of line module 9. Additional hardwire loops 10 may be used for alarm functions and are of the normally open and normally closed types as are typical for such systems. In addition to the hardwired zones, up to 94 RF transmitter point ID numbers can be utilized. Typically each RF transmitter 11 (which may, for example, be a wall mount or hand held transmitter) is assigned its own ID number in the system. Additionally, an audible alarm such as a horn 12 or bell may be connected to the alarm system. A control panel 16 is provided for the system user to activate/deactivate the security and other aspects of the system. 
     Turning now to FIG. 2, the control board 5 includes a receiver interface 21 having inputs connected to the RF receiver 4. The receiver interface 21 in turn has outputs connected to a main microprocessor unit 22 which in turn controls the operation of dialer 5. 
     Each transmitter 11 is shown in greater detail in FIG. 3. Each transmitter within the system is assigned an identification address which may typically be set by switches. The receiver to which the messages are to be transmitted is also identified by an address. The address of the receiver is provided to a message encoding and formatting circuit 31 via inputs 32. Likewise, the identification address of the transmitter 11 is provided to circuit 31 via inputs 33. The message encoding and formatting circuit 31 serves to selectively activate RF circuit 34 and to provide message block information to the RF circuit 34 for modulation of the FM signal generated. RF circuit 34 may be of conventional design. 
     The transmitter 11 has sensor inputs 35 which are coupled directly to alarm logic 36 and a message initiation and control logic block 37. A conventional oscillator 38 serves to drive a counter and timing circuit 39 which provides various time base signals including automated test message timing signals used in the operation of the transmitter. 
     The message initiation and control logic 37 is used to control the process of message transmission. Message transmission is required under different circumstances depending upon the function of the transmitter, such as, for example, a transition occurrence at sensor input 35 or an automated test message timing signal from counter 39. Message transmission is performed by initiating the message transmission cycle. 
     When a message transmission cycle is initiated by the message initiator and control logic 37, the message encoding and formatting circuit 31 will generate message blocks. 
     Turning now to FIG. 4, a timing diagram is shown of a prior art transmission arrangement. Wherein each data transmission is of duration T3. Each data transmission is transmitted over a continuous FM signal and consists of three independent messages transmitted as one data block taking 211 milliseconds with 2 to 3 milliseconds between data blocks. Thus the FM signal is transmitted continuously over the 100 millisecond time period over which the average RF signal output must be measured in compliance with FCC regulations. The data bit rate in this arrangement is 1200 b.p.s. 
     In accordance with the invention, as shown in FIG. 5 data is transmitted in FM signal pulses wherein T1 is the carrier on time and is 45.65 milliseconds in duration. The off time T2 is minimally 54.35 milliseconds but in accordance with the techniques and arrangement in our copending application entitled Improved Wireless Alarm System, filed on even date herewith and which is incorporated herein by reference, may be greater than that minimal time. With the pulsed transmission arrangement, each data message is transmitted as a separate data block separated by a time interval of at least 54.35 MS. The data bits are contiguous within a data block and are transmitted at the rate of the prior art system, i.e., they are transmitted at 2400 b.p.s. 
     With this arrangement, averaging the RF signal over the FCC mandated 100 millisecond period results in an average signal level the same as the prior art arrangement and within FCC guidelines. However, the actual signal is transmitted at a higher signal strength resulting in a 6.8 db increase in peak radiated power which effectively increases the range of the transmitter by 11/2 to 2 times over that of prior arrangements.