Abstract:
The device serves for the biological fluid treatment. Fluid is led along surfaces coated with microorganisms, which form parts of disks ( 19 ) drivable about their rotation axis, wherein the surfaces are formed by recesses lying in the disks ( 18, 19 ), and the disks ( 18, 19 ) are arranged to one another such that the leading of the fluid is effected through the recesses, and a recess of one disk ( 18 ) is delimited in a channel-forming manner by the adjacent other disk ( 19 ) movable relative to this.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The invention relates to a device for biological fluid treatment according to the features specified in the introductory part of claim  1 .  
           [0002]    Biological cleaning stages which function aerobically or anaerobically are applied in particular when treating waste-water. With this it is the case of so-called substrate biologies, i.e. of microorganisms with are fixed on a substrate material with a large surface, along which the fluid to be treated is led. Such a method is known for example from EP 0 470 931 A2.  
           [0003]    One problem with this surface coated with microorganisms is the fact that the surface activity changes with a growing layer thickness, since with an increasing layer thickness, the microorganisms lying at the bottom are more poorly supplied, and thus may not take part so actively in the process. The excess microorganisms therefore need to be removed from the surfaces at regular intervals and the sludge which settles from this needs to be led away, which is usually effected by back-rinsing or by way of a scraper. Such scraper devices are known for example from GB 1418348 A and DE 44 41 866 A1.  
           [0004]    A further problem with closed reactors with which the fluid is led in channels and with which the mostly filigree channel walling serves as adhering surfaces for the microorganisms lies in the fact that the channels clog with an increasing layer thickness of the microorganisms, and a through-flow occurs only with an increased resistance, by which means the activity likewise reduces. In contrast to this, with open reactors as for example are known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,466,241 A1 or U.S. Pat. No. 4,157,303 A1, the fluid flow is led past stacks of disks which form a comparatively large surface for carrying the microorganisms, which however are comparatively poorly used due to the fact that the disks are only partly immersed in the waste-water.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0005]    Against this background it is the object of the invention to design a device for biological fluid treatment of the initially mentioned type such that as constant as possible layer thickness of the microorganisms on the adhering surface sets in.  
           [0006]    According to the invention the features specified in claim  1  achieve this object. Advantageous formations of the invention are specified in the dependent claims, the subsequent description as well as the drawings.  
           [0007]    The basic concept of the present invention on the one hand is to release the excess part of microorganisms from the adhered surface as continuously as possible and on the other hand to reliably remove this by way of a fluid flow. According to the invention this is achieved in that recesses lie in the disks and these recesses form channels which are delimited by the other disk arranged adjacent to this and movable relative to this. Thus by way of the movement of the disks to one another a simultaneous scraping as well as a renewed channel formation is effected, wherein the channel leading continuously changes due to the relative movement to one another. By way of this a continuous operation with an exactly controllable reaction process is possible.  
           [0008]    At the same time it is important to obtain a growth basis for the further microbiological process. For this, the surfaces on which the microorganisms settle are preferably of a porous material or one having roughnesses and/or are structured on their surface. At the same time the surface structuring itself may already be channel-forming or however may be additionally provided within the channel. Preferably the recesses or the channels formed by these are formed by grooves in a disk. The surface of these grooves and the bordering adjacent disk then forms the surface coated with microorganisms, which for its part is preferably porous, rough or surface-structured.  
           [0009]    The grooves at the same time are designed open towards the oppositely lying disk so that this oppositely lying disk together with the groove forms a channel for leading fluid. The grooves may basically be provided in one disk, the adjacent disk on its oppositely lying side is thus formed plane, it is also sufficient if adjacent disks overlap only in sections, preferably however the disks are arrange coaxially and/or formed annularly with grooves on both sides. Then a central fluid supply may be effected through the inner opening of the plate stack and the removal may be effected via the outer side or vice versa. With this, the grooves are essentially radial or at least are also aligned radially, for example such that the groove-delimiting edges of disks lying opposite one another are arranged such that on rotation they always meet at the same angle.  
           [0010]    A particularly compactly constructed and effectively acting device is obtained in that there are provided two disk or plate stacks arranged coaxially to one another, which are provided with grooves on both sides, wherein the disks are alternately allocated to the respective stacks and one stack is stationary and the other stack is rotating. This may be achieved in a simple manner in that the annular disks of the one stack comprise at least one section arranged on the inside with which they are fastened within the stack, for example via an inner shaft setting this stack into rotation, and the respective adjacent disks of the other stack in each case comprise at least one section arranged on the outside, with they are fixed within this stack. Inasmuch as the drive is effected via a central shaft, it is useful to fasten the sections arranged on the inside on the shaft or on a carrier arranged on the shaft and to connect the outer sections to one another rigid with the housing. This may however also be effected in the reverse manner.  
           [0011]    Advantageously the disks of both stacks comprise one or more openings which may be brought flush with one another, via which a gas, in particular air/oxygen may be supplied. The admixture of air-oxygen is then effected essentially parallel to the common axis of the stacks in order then to be deflected by about 90° in the region of a disk and to flow essentially radially outwards together with the fluid flow. At the same time the arrangement is such that on the end side there are provided suitable terminations or connections by way of which the gas is supplied or the uncontrolled exit at the end is prevented.  
           [0012]    One preferred embodiment form with which two plate stacks with grooves lying in their surfaces mesh with one another and the guiding of fluid is effected centrally from the inside to the outside is not only compact in construction but may also be additionally applied in existing waste-water treatment installations, such as for example sewage basins in order to increase the capacity of the installation or to reduce the treatment time. Such units may also be applied in waters such as lakes and likewise in a floating manner in order to improve the water quality.  
           [0013]    For the stationary application on location it is useful to incorporate the device in a hermetically tight housing or to integrate it into a hermetically closable conduit system so that it is impinged with pressure with a reaction-promoting gas, for example air, in order to accelerate an aerobic reaction procedure. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0014]    The invention is hereinafter explained in more detail by way of embodiment examples shown in the drawing. There are shown in:  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 1 in a schematic longitudinal representational, a device with which the surfaces coated with microorganisms are provided on two disk stacks which are in engagement with one another,  
         [0016]    [0016]FIG. 2 the plan view of a disk of the inner disk stack,  
         [0017]    [0017]FIG. 3 a lateral view in the direction of the arrow III in FIG. 2,  
         [0018]    [0018]FIG. 4 a plan view of a disk of the outer disk stack,  
         [0019]    [0019]FIG. 5 a plan view according to FIG. 4, of an alternative disk design,  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 6 a plan view according to FIG. 4 of a further disk design,  
         [0021]    [0021]FIG. 7 the construction of such a device with inline connections,  
         [0022]    [0022]FIG. 8 in a schematic representation, a device likewise functioning with two disk stacks arranged coaxially to one another, in a longitudinal section with an additional gas supply and  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 9 in a perspective representation, a disk design which is selectively envisaged for fastening on the inside or outside. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0024]    In FIG. 1 there is shown a receptacle which comprises an inlet channel  11  for the fluid to be treated, for example waste-water, as well as an outlet channel  13 . The receptacle  15  is hermetically closed and may be impinged by pressure in order to accelerate the course of the reaction. It is to be understood that the channels  111  and  13  are then incorporated into a closed system. A shaft  23  of a motor  10  passes through the receptacle  15  at its end-face wall lying opposite the inlet and outlet channels  11  and  13 . At the end of the shaft  23  there is arranged a carrier on which a stack  17  with disks  19  arranged at a distance to one another is fastened by way of fastening bolts  21 . These disks  19  are annular and are shown in FIG. 4 in a plan view. On their outer circumference they comprise diametrically arranged projections  20  which are passed through by fastening bolts  21  which are fastened on the common carrier  22 . The disk stack  17  arranged in this manner may be rotated by way of the motor  10  via the shaft  23  about the motor axis within the receptacle  15 .  
         [0025]    At the end-face of the essentially cylindrical receptacle  15  comprising the inlet and outlet channel  11 ,  13 , disks  18  are clamped rigidly with the housing into a disk stack  16  between this end-face and a carrier  26  via fastening bolts  25 . Here too the disks  18  are arranged at a distance to one another, they are shown individually by way of FIGS. 2 and 3. These disks  18  are likewise annular and on their inner side comprise projections  24  which are passed through by the bolts  25  and fix these. The disk stack  16  formed in this manner is thus arranged rigid with the housing, coaxially to the rotatably arranged disk stack  17 . The disks  18  and  19  lie directly adjacent to one another, they mesh with one another and with this form channels between which the fluid to be treated flows from the outside to the inside.  
         [0026]    The disks  18  and  19  in each case have grooves  27  on both sides which have an essentially rectangular cross section and are directed essentially radially, but at a different angle as shown in FIG. 2. The disks  18  and  19  are arranged within the stacks  16  and  17  respectively at a distance such that the adjacent disk closes the grooves  27  of one disk in a channel-forming manner, but such that the disks remain easily movable to one another. The grooves  27  form surfaces  28  on which the microorganisms adhere so that the two disk stacks  16  and  17  form a multitude of channels with a comparatively large active surface with a small constructional size. The disks  18  and  19  may be manufactured inexpensively as plastic injection molded parts.  
         [0027]    The flow through the receptacle  15  is effected from the inlet channel  11  through the grooves  27  between the disk stacks  16  and  17  into the free center towards the outlet channel  13 . The surfaces  28  delimiting the grooves  27  form the surfaces carrying the microorganisms. They are preferably rough, porous or finely surface-structured so that the microorganisms adhere well to these.  
         [0028]    The microorganisms which form on the surfaces  28  with an increasing layer thickness on operation of the device here are removed mechanically and preferably continuously by rotation of the shaft  23 . Whilst the plate stack  16  fastened on inner projections  24  is stationary, the plate stack  17  fastened on the outer projections  20  rotates, wherein the edges  29  of the grooves  27  act as scrapers and release excess microorganisms which then are entrained via the through-flowing fluid and are thus removed. With this, by way of the rotation movement it is not a smooth cutting away of projecting material which is effected, but as with natural processes, sections of microorganisms are broken out so that at least a part of the channel cross section is released again, and thus may be flown through. Added to this is the fact that the processes are usually effected under pressure, since the medium to be treated as a rule is delivered through the device by way of a pump, by which means the previously described process is further encouraged. With the shown embodiment form the through-flow is effected from the outside to the inside, it may however also be effected from the inside to the outside. In any case the carrier  26  separates the outlet channel  13  from the remaining inner space of the receptacle  15  so that a through-flow may only be effected along the channels formed by the grooves  27 .  
         [0029]    Whilst with the annular disks  18  and  19  represented by way of the FIGS.  2  to  4 , the grooves  27  are arranged essentially radially, the disks  30  and  31  display an alternative groove arrangement which mesh with one another in the same manner as described previously by way of the disk stacks  16  and  17 . The disk  30  (FIG. 5) is provided with a multitude of short and essentially radial channels which however in cross section are comparatively small and which are provided in a raised part which extends roughly zig-zag-like on the disk. The disks  31  have channels which are arranged spirally. With a combination of these disks  30  and  31  there results a very constant layer thickness of microorganisms, wherein the grooves of the disks  30  form the essential flow path, whilst on the other hand the edges of the grooves of the disks  31  essentially fulfill the task of scraping away. This arrangement of disks  30  and  31  has very good lubricative properties so that comparatively high disk stacks may be formed.  
         [0030]    In order to accelerate the treatment procedure and to achieve an even more intensive fluid treatment, it is useful additionally to further supply gas, in particular air-oxygen (surrounding air). For this the disks of the individual disk stack may additionally be provided with bores as this is shown by way of example by way of the disk  36  in FIG. 9. This disk  36  is likewise formed annular and as an injection molded part. It comprises inner projections  24  as well as outer projections  20  so that such a disk  36  may be applied for the one as well as the other disk stack. The respective projections  20  or  24  which are not required are removed with the help of an auxiliary instrument.  
         [0031]    As the illustration according to FIG. 9 makes clear, the grooves formed in the disk  36  are formed with a larger surface than with the embodiment form previously described by way of FIGS.  1  to  4 , they are formed by essentially radially running webs  37  and  38  which are arranged at a different angle to one another but otherwise however are arranged in rows equally directed to the rotational axis of the disk  36 . Between the two rows of webs  37  and  38  there is provided a series of openings  39  which are formed by a ring of circular holes. These openings  39  which are provided in all disks of both stacks, as soon as they are flush in the corresponding rotational position, form central transverse channels  40  through which air/oxygen may be led. The inflow is effected via conduits  41  which open into the stationary carrier  42  of the stationary disk stack. The disks  36  on their outer side are formed just as on the upper side visible in FIG. 9.  
         [0032]    Two such disk stacks meshing with one another are shown in the device shown in a longitudinal section in FIG. 8. Here too the device has an essentially cylindrical receptacle  43  on whose one end-face side there is arranged an inlet channel  11  as well as a lead-through and mounting of the shaft  23 , and whose other end-face side comprises the outlet channel  13 . The rotating disk stack  44  is fastened on the shaft  23  within the receptacle  43 ; the stationary disk stack  45  is incorporated between the carrier  42  and the carrier  46 . The disks of both stacks correspond to that described by way of FIG. 9, in each case with removed inner or outer projections  24 ,  20 . With this embodiment form there result through-flow channels which are larger in cross section since almost the entire disk surface may be flown through with the exception of the web surfaces  38  and  39 . The supply of air/oxygen quasi at half the path of the flow through the stack is particularly favorable since for the initial treatment as a rule sufficient oxygen is still available by way of entraining, so that this supply in the middle is particularly effective for the fluid treatment.  
         [0033]    Whilst FIGS. 1 and 8 represent essentially the basic device construction, FIG. 7 here shows how such a device may look in practice. Here one may use a standard motor  10  with a gear  32  arranged after this, to which a receptacle  33  is flanged with the same axis, said receptacle being designed essentially tubular and may have a length for example of one meter. The disk stack is arranged within this tube section  33 . The hydraulic connection of the device is effected at the lower end by way of two flanges  34  and  35  lying inline as an inlet and outlet.  
         [0034]    As already indicated previously, the device according to the invention with a suitable design may also be applied additionally in existing (open) waste-water treatment installations or also in water masses. One only needs provide suitable means for conveying the fluid to be treated through the device. For this, as a rule a centrifugal pump is sufficient, which conveys the fluid through the device.  
         [0035]    List of Reference Numerals  
         [0036]    [0036] 10 —motor  
         [0037]    [0037] 11 —inlet channel  
         [0038]    [0038] 13 —outlet channel  
         [0039]    [0039] 15 —receptacle  
         [0040]    [0040] 16 —disk stack ( 18 )  
         [0041]    [0041] 17 —disk stack ( 19 )  
         [0042]    [0042] 18 —disks (FIG. 2)  
         [0043]    [0043] 19 —disks (FIG. 4)  
         [0044]    [0044] 20 —projections, outside  
         [0045]    [0045] 21 —bolts  
         [0046]    [0046] 22 —carrier  
         [0047]    [0047] 23 —shaft  
         [0048]    [0048] 24 —projections, inside  
         [0049]    [0049] 25 —bolts  
         [0050]    [0050] 26 —carrier  
         [0051]    [0051] 27 —grooves  
         [0052]    [0052] 28 —surfaces  
         [0053]    [0053] 29 —edges  
         [0054]    [0054] 30 —disks (FIG. 5)  
         [0055]    [0055] 31 —disks (FIG. 6)  
         [0056]    [0056] 32 —gear  
         [0057]    [0057] 33 —receptacle  
         [0058]    [0058] 34 —flange  
         [0059]    [0059] 35 —flange  
         [0060]    [0060] 36 —disk (FIG. 9)  
         [0061]    [0061] 37 —webs  
         [0062]    [0062] 38 —webs  
         [0063]    [0063] 39 —openings  
         [0064]    [0064] 40 —transverse channels  
         [0065]    [0065] 41 —conduits  
         [0066]    [0066] 42 —carrier  
         [0067]    [0067] 43 —receptacle  
         [0068]    [0068] 44 —rotating disk stack (FIG. 8)  
         [0069]    [0069] 45 —stationary disk stack (FIG. 8)  
         [0070]    [0070] 46 —carrier