Abstract:
A mobile terminal employs existing geometry such as a rear housing or shield box to carry a radiating element. This element is made of a flexible elastomer with a conductive filler. The element is applied by dispensing using a syringe type operation, where it would be squirted on the geometry or the part placed in a secondary injection mold tool. This tool would have the pattern as open volume in the steel that would allow the conductive elastomer to fill out the pattern and adhere to the part. The radiating element is flexible and conforming, simplifying the design by reducing additional carrying components, simplifying the tolerance chain and makes full use of the surface area.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    The present invention relates to conductive features of mobile terminal, and more particularly conductive connections and antennas.  
           [0002]    Mobile terminals often contain several separate components that must be electrically coupled. Traditionally the electric coupling of the several components is accomplished using wire runs having individual connectors for each coupled component. Alternately, the wire runs may be connected to the individual components using solder connections. Either of these methods of connection require several additional pieces that must be assembled, which assembly may not be automatable. These connections and attendant assembly steps result in an increase in the overall production cost of mobile terminals.  
         BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0003]    The invention herein employs the use of conductive elastomer features in a mobile terminal. Consistent with the present invention, the conductive elastomer features may be used to effect an electrical connection between components in a mobile terminal. Additionally, consistent with the present invention, a conductive elastomer may be configured as an antenna for a mobile terminal, wherein the antenna may be at least partially contained within the housing of the mobile terminal. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0004]    Advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof, which description should be considered in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like numerals depict like parts, and wherein:  
         [0005]    [0005]FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first exemplary embodiment consistent with the present invention;  
         [0006]    [0006]FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective drawing of detail II of FIG. 1;  
         [0007]    [0007]FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective drawing of detail III of FIG. 1;  
         [0008]    [0008]FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second exemplary embodiment consistent with the present invention;  
         [0009]    [0009]FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a third exemplary embodiment consistent with the present invention; and  
         [0010]    FIGS.  6 - 8  are block diagrams of exemplary processes consistent with the present invention. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0011]    With reference to FIG. 1, a first exemplary embodiment is illustrated in the context of a mobile terminal  10  including conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention, wherein the conductive elastomer features are configured as conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13 . As used herein, the term “mobile terminal” may include a cellular radiotelephone with or without a multi-line display; a Personal Communications System (PCS) terminal that may combine a cellular radiotelephone with data processing, facsimile and data communications capabilities; a PDA that can include a radiotelephone, pager, internet/intranet access, Web browser, organizer, calendar and/or a global positioning system (GPS) receiver; and a conventional laptop and/or palmtop receiver or other appliance that includes a radiotelephone transceiver.  
         [0012]    As shown in FIG. 1, two conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  are employed to effect an electrical connection between an active element  14 , such as a vibration motor, microphone, buzzer, speaker, or other active element or component, mounted on a support substrate  15 , and a pair of contacts  16  and  17  on a printed circuit board (PCB)  18  of a mobile terminal  10 . The PCB  18 , of course, carries or supports the usual transmitter and receiver circuits, key controls, display and the like (not shown). The conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  may be formed directly on, and therefore follow, the contours of support substrate  15 . Alternately, the conductive elastomer pathways may be disposed, e.g. on a housing component of the mobile terminal, rather than a separate substrate  15 , similarly following the geometry of the housing component. If desired, the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  may be configured to pass through the support structure  15 , i.e. as shown in FIG. 1. The ability to precisely locate the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  also enables electrical noise which may radiate from, or to, the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  to be predicted and controlled or prevented.  
         [0013]    An exploded view of detail II of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 2, wherein there is illustrated an exemplary embodiment of a method of electrically coupling the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  to another element in an electrical circuit. The electrical coupling comprises conductive elastomer contact elements  20  and  22  in physical contact with, and thereby electrically coupled to, contact pads  16  and  17  of PCB  18 .  
         [0014]    As best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, exemplary contact elements  20  and  22  may be extensions of conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  respectively, wherein the contact elements  20  and  22 , which may have the same or a different dimension, e.g. width, as the pathways, are configured as blocks, as illustrated, cylinders, or similar bodies, disposed on the substrate  15 . Additionally, contact elements  20  and  22  may be buttressed by a retention feature  24  disposed on the substrate  15  to more securely maintain the positioning of contact elements  20  and  22 . Alternately, contact elements  20  and  22  may be disposed in grooves, channels, or pockets in the substrate  15 , therein securely retaining the contact elements  20  and  22 .  
         [0015]    When the substrate  15  containing the contact elements  20  and  22  is positioned relative to PCB  18  so as to provide contact between contact elements  20  and  22  and contact pads  16  and  17 , the contact elements  20  and  22  elastically deform from the contact pressure. The compressive force resulting from the elastic deformation of the contact elements  20  and  22  assures a positive electrical connection between the contact elements  20  and  22  and the contact pads  16  and  17  respectively. The elastic deformation of the contact elements  20  and  22  additionally allows for a degree of movement and separation of the substrate  15 , and therein the contact elements  20  and  22 , relative to PCB  18 , without compromising the electrical connection, provided that the movement and separation is less than the amount of elastic deformation experienced by the contact elements  20  and  22 .  
         [0016]    The amount of movement and separation of the substrate  15 , having the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  disposed thereon, relative to the PCB  18  may be increased by providing contact elements  20  and  22  with features that provide a greater degree of elastic deformation. Exemplary features may include slots, holes or projecting nubs that allow for resilient partial collapse of the contact elements  20  and  22  under the compressive loading experienced when the connection between the contact elements  20  and  22  and the contact pads  16  and  17  is established.  
         [0017]    A second exemplary method of electrically coupling conductive elastomer pathways to other elements in a circuit is illustrated in FIG. 3. As shown, the vibration motor  14  comprises spring contacts  26  and  28  extending from the bottom of the vibration motor  14 , wherein the spring contacts  26  and  28  provide electrical connection for the vibration motor  14 . The spring contacts  26  and  28  themselves may comprise resilient metallic elements, such as copper or spring steel. The spring contacts  26  and  28  may be configured, e.g. as leaf springs, i.e., cantilevered resilient arms, or may be configured as coil spring elements, dome spring elements, or the like. Electrical connection between the vibration motor  14  and the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  is achieved when the vibration motor  14  is disposed adjacent the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  such that the spring contacts  26  and  28  are in physical contact with the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  respectively. The resultant electrical connection is not susceptible to breakage as a result of small movements or separations of the vibration motor  14  relative to the substrate  15  on which the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13  are disposed. Provided the movement or separation of the vibration motor  14  is less than the resilient deformation experienced by the spring contacts  26  and  28 , the spring force of the spring contacts  26  and  28  will maintain the electrical connection with the conductive elastomer pathways  12  and  13 .  
         [0018]    While the above two exemplary methods of achieving electrical connection have been illustrated and described in the context of providing connection between a PCB and a substrate and between a substrate and a vibration motor, the principles described are susceptible for providing an electrical connection between other components or portions of an electrical circuit comprising conductive elastomer features.  
         [0019]    Furthermore, in addition to the specific exemplary electrical coupling methods described above, an electrical connection with conductive elastomer features may be accomplished in any manner that provides physical, and therein electrical, contact between the conductive elastomer feature and other components or portions of an electrical circuit. Examples of alternate connections include, but are not limited to, conductors imbedded in conductive elastomer features, conductors inserted, e.g., lanced into, conductive elastomer features, conductive elastomer features molded over a conductor, etc.  
         [0020]    In addition to being employed as conductive pathways, in the context of mobile terminals, conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention also may be utilized to form internal antennas for mobile terminals. In a first exemplary embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 4, an internal antenna comprising a conductive elastomer radiating element (antenna)  32  has been added to an internal structure  30  of a mobile terminal. The internal structure  30  upon which the conductive elastomer antenna  32  may be disposed may comprise a substrate, a housing component, a PCB, etc. As illustrated in FIG. 4, the conductive elastomer antenna  32  has been oriented such that it may be disposed on a relatively flat or unobstructed portion of an internal structure  30 .  
         [0021]    However, it is not always possible or desirable to orient or locate the radiating element on an unobstructed portion of a mobile terminal. As illustrated in FIG. 5, a second exemplary embodiment is shown wherein a conductive elastomer antenna  36  consistent with the present invention may be incorporated directly on and conforming to existing geometries on a mobile terminal internal structure  34 . The exemplary internal structure  34 , which may comprise, for example, a substrate or housing component, comprising an interior surface  38  having various surface features  40  and  42  disposed thereon. As shown, an antenna  36  comprising a conductive elastomer may be formed on the interior surface  38  such that the antenna  36  conforms to the geometries created by surface features  40  and  42 .  
         [0022]    Electrically coupling the antenna to the circuitry of the mobile terminal e.g. a transmission or reception circuitry may be achieved in any manner discussed hereinabove, and therefore may be achieved without requiring any additional or secondary connectors. Accordingly, the compressive force of the conductive elastomer forming the antenna advantageously may be utilized to maintain connection to circuit even under slight movement or separation of the antenna from other components coupled thereto. This variety of coupling reduces the susceptibility of the connection to cyclic or fatigue fracture, therein prolonging the life of the mobile terminal. In addition to providing a secure connection, the need for secondary connectors/connections between the antenna and circuitry of the mobile terminal may be reduced or eliminated.  
         [0023]    It should be understood that the above discussed principles of the present invention may be applied to any cellular or wireless system utilizing air interfaces, such as GSM, TDMA, CDMA, WCDMA or Bluetooth. It should be further understood that the principles of the present invention may be utilized in hybrid systems that are combinations of two or more of the above air interfaces. Accordingly, an internal antenna consistent with the present invention may be of a pattern optimized for any such air interface. Furthermore, several antennas may be employed in a single mobile terminal, wherein each of the several antennas may be selectively configured for optimal performance over different specified bandwidths.  
         [0024]    Conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention comprise an elastomeric material having a conductive material dispersed in the elastomeric material. The elastomeric material may comprise a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer material having elastomeric properties, such as silver filled silicone. The elastomeric material is loaded with a conductive material such as metal, e.g. copper or silver particles, to a sufficient level, to render the final mixture electrically conductive, or semi-conductive. The conductive material dispersed in the elastomeric material may be present in flake, rod, particulate, etc. form. Furthermore, the conductive material may comprise a composite material, for example silver plated copper or silver plated glass particles. In addition to the other detailed advantageous features, when the conductive material comprises a composite conductive material, the conductive elastomer may be selectively configured to be relatively thermally conducting or thermally insulating. According to the exemplary composite conductive materials, a conductive elastomer comprising silver plated copper will tend to be thermally conductive relative to a conductive elastomer comprising silver plated glass.  
         [0025]    The elastic characteristics of conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention provide a feature that is resiliently flexible in nature. The flexible nature of the feature results in a decreased risk of damage resulting from deformation, e.g. from an impact suffered by the mobile terminal, or failure resulting from fatigue or cyclic stresses. Thereby, conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention provide reliable electric pathways and connections that may be employed without the need of secondary connections/connectors.  
         [0026]    Referring to FIG. 6, conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention may be suitably formed using processes including, but not limited to, molding, tracing and casting operations. In the context of placing conductive elastomeric features on a molded component of a mobile terminal, e.g., a substrate or a housing component, a sequential two-step molding process may be used. When produced using a sequential two-step process the substrate or housing component is injection molded in step  60  from a desired material into a first mold cavity comprising the shape of the substrate or housing component. The mold is then adjusted in step  62  to provide a second mold cavity comprising the desired shape of the conductive elastomeric feature, wherein at least a portion of the second mold cavity is defined by at least a portion of the first molded substrate or housing. Subsequently, the conductive elastomer material is injected in step  64  into the second mold cavity. Adjustment of the mold to form the second mold cavity may be achieved through slide actions in the mold, or by replacing a portion of the mold with a second mold cavity defining portion.  
         [0027]    The conductive elastomer features also may be formed using a tracing operation. Referring in FIG. 7, consistent with a tracing operation, a bead of conductive elastomer is applied to a substrate, housing component, PCB, etc. from a nozzle in step  70 , and the elastomer cured in place. The path of the bead may be controlled manually, or using an automated and/or computer controlled process. The geometry of the bead also may be controlled by varying the geometry of the nozzle and the volume of conductive elastomer dispensed. For example, a nozzle having a rectangular opening may be used to produce a feature having rectangular cross-sectional profile, while a nozzle having a circular opening may be used to produce a feature having a circular cross-sectional profile. A variety of apparatus may be used to dispense the conductive elastomer including a syringe apparatus, an extruder, or a pump.  
         [0028]    Referring to FIG. 8, the conductive elastomer features also may be formed using a casting and/or stenciling or printing operation. According to this latter process, a stencil or mask is applied in step  80  to the substrate, housing component, or PCB and subsequently overcast and/or spray applied in step  82 . Subsequent to the application of the conductive elastomer, the stencil or mask is removed in step  84 , leaving a coating of conductive elastomer on the substrate, housing component, or PCB.  
         [0029]    While the conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention have been illustrated and described above as being generally disposed on a surface of a substrate, housing component, PCB, etc., conductive elastomer features may be at least partially integrated into the member on which the conductive elastomer feature is disposed. For example, the conductive elastomer feature may be disposed in a groove or channel formed in the substrate, housing component, PCB, etc. therein reducing the height which the conductive elastomer feature projects from the surface of the member. At least partially recessing the conductive, elastomer feature not only reduces the height, and therefore volume, of the feature projecting above the substrate, housing component, PCB, etc., but also may be used to further secure the conductive elastomer feature to the substrate, housing component, PCB, etc. On a member of sufficient thickness, a conductive elastomer feature may be formed such that it is flush with, or recessed below, the surface of the member on which it is disposed.  
         [0030]    A conductive elastomer feature consistent with the present invention may be further integrated into a substrate, housing component, PCB, etc. by employing full thickness molding. A full thickness molded article comprises a substrate, housing component, PCB, etc. containing a full thickness cut-out formed therein, wherein the cut-out corresponds to the desired path and geometry of the conductive elastomer feature. A conductive elastomer feature may be formed in the cutout to create an integral feature. Consistent with full thickness molding the conductive elastomer feature may be configured flush with the substrate, housing component, PCB, etc. on one or both sides, or may alternately be either recessed or extend above the surface of one or both sides.  
         [0031]    The moldability of conductive elastomer features consistent with the present invention allows connectors, conductive pathways, antennas, etc. to be formed directly on the existing geometries of substrates, housing components, PCB&#39;s, and the like. in a manner that provides nearly exact conformance with such geometries. This characteristic allows better usage of the internal surface area of mobile terminals, providing high available tolerances and a minimum of additional parts to form connections, or retain conducting features such as wiring or stamped metal internal antennas, and the like. Furthermore, when conductive elastomer features are partially, or fully, integrated with substrates, housing components, PCB&#39;s, and the like, the internal volume required for these features formed according to the present invention may be reduced, while simultaneously increasing the design and layout flexibility and capacity to optimize the pattern and routes of conductive elastomer features.  
         [0032]    The embodiments that have been described herein, however, are but some of the several which utilize this invention and are set forth here by way of illustration but not of limitation. Other embodiments may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as set forth in the appended claims.