Abstract:
A roof panel, roof or structure comprising a roof panel body having an edge comprising a fascia water deflection system, said fascia water deflection system comprising a chamfer having at least one sharply angled ridge. In some embodiments, said roof panel body is provided with a trough adjacent to said edge, so that when said roof panel body is installed on a structure, said trough runs at a downward angle and water entering said trough flows by force of gravity through said trough. In other embodiments, the roof panel body is coated with a waterproof roofing material.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
     This application is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/201,035, filed Jul. 23, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,204,060, which is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/784,848, filed Feb. 16, 2001, now abandoned, and a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/741,787, filed Dec. 21, 2000, now abandoned, which claimed the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/183,472, filed Feb. 18, 2000, now expired, the disclosures of which patent applications are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
    
    
     STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT 
     Not Applicable 
     INCORPORATION-BY-REFERENCE OF MATERIAL SUBMITTED ON A COMPACT DISC 
     Not Applicable 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to manufactured and built structures, such as dwellings. In particular, the invention relates to moisture removal systems for roof systems for structures made of cementitious materials, for example, autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). 
     The background art is characterized by U.S. Pat. Nos. 721,178; 723,175; 929,684; 3,603,052; 4,285,179; 4,409,763; 5,143,498; 5,240,052; 5,286,427; 5,516,248; 5,682,934; 5,761,862; 5,794,386; 5,981,030; 6,006,480; 6,098,357; the disclosures of which patents are incorporated by reference as if fully set forth herein. 
     BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The purpose of the invention is to provide means for controlling roof moisture and runoff. One advantage of preferred embodiments of the invention is that the integrated (internal) gutter system of preferred embodiments of the invention eliminates costly external gutter systems that must be maintained and replaced. In preferred embodiments, the water deflection system of the present invention not only aesthetically enhances a roof structure but also provides means (e.g., ridges and grooves) having unique reverse (upward) angles to cause water to separate from the fascia, thereby preventing unsightly runs as well as helping mitigate the negative effects of water runoff. The gutter down spout box of preferred embodiments of the invention eliminates the need for unsightly down spouts while simultaneously adding architectural accents to a roof. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a roof panel comprising: a roof panel body having an edge comprising a fascia water deflection system, said fascia water deflection system comprising a chamfer having at least one angled ridge. Preferably, said roof panel body is provided with a trough adjacent to said edge, so that when said roof panel body is installed on a structure, said trough runs at a downward angle and water entering said trough flows by force of gravity through said trough. Preferably, said roof panel body is overlaid with a mesh fabric having alternating sections of a tight mesh and a loose mesh. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the roof further comprises: an elastomeric material that is applied to said mesh fabric in such a way that said elastomeric material penetrates only said loose mesh sections to bond to said roof panel body, such that air channels are created between said tight mesh sections and said roof panel body, which air channels allow moisture in said roof panels to escape, said air channels running unobstructed from a lower starting position to a higher terminating position where said channels discharge said moisture. Preferably, the roof panel further comprises: a curable, liquid-based roofing material that is applied to said roof panel body, wherein said roofing material bonds to said roof panel body, and when cured, is waterproof, is durable, is chemical resistant, has an adequate modulus of elasticity (e.g., one sufficient to provide the strength to span between beams), has a high value of water vapor permeability (e.g., transmits water vapor readily), and can be color tinted. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a roof comprising: a plurality of the roof panels disclosed herein. In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a roof comprising: a plurality of cementitious roof panels, each of said cementitious roof panels having a trough and a panel edge comprising a fascia water deflection system having a chamfer with at least one angled ridge which aligns with a similar ridge in other cementitious roof panels and runs parallel to the length of said panel edge, each of said cementitious roof panel having reinforcing that stops short of said panel edge, which resultant area void of reinforcing allows said trough to be cut in the roof adjacent to said panel edge. Preferably, said trough runs at a downward angle, such that trough segments cut in adjacent said roof panels are aligned so that water flows by force of gravity through said trough. Preferably, the roof further comprises: a polyester/nylon mesh fabric featuring alternating sections of a tight mesh and a loose mesh that is applied to said plurality of roof panels. Preferably, the roof further comprises: an elastomeric material that is applied to said mesh fabric in such a way that said elastomeric material penetrates only said loose mesh sections to bond to said plurality of roof panels, such that air channels are created between said tight mesh sections and said plurality of roof panels, which air channels allow moisture in said roof panels to escape, said air channels running unobstructed from a lower starting position to a higher terminating position where said channels discharge said moisture. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a roof disclosed herein further comprising: a curable, liquid-based roofing material that is applied to said plurality of roof panels, wherein said roofing material bonds to said plurality of roof panels, and when cured, is waterproof, is durable, is chemical resistant, has an adequate modulus of elasticity, has a high value of water vapor permeability, and can be color tinted. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a roof comprising: a plurality of roof panels having edges comprising a fascia water deflection system, said fascia water deflection system comprising a chamfer having at least one sharp angled ridge. Preferably, said roof is provided with a trough that is located adjacent to said edges, said trough running at an angle to said edges so that, when said plurality of roof panels are in use, water entering said trough flows by force of gravity through said trough. Preferably, said roof is further comprised of an overlying layer comprising a mesh fabric having alternating sections of a tight mesh and a loose mesh. Preferably, said roof further comprises an elastomeric material is applied to said mesh fabric to create channels that run from a lower starting position to an upper terminating position. Preferably, the roof further comprises: a curable material that is applied to said roof panels. In another preferred embodiment, the invention is a structure comprising a plurality of walls that form an interior; and a roof disclosed herein covering said interior. 
     In another preferred embodiment, the roof panel comprises: a roof panel body comprising a top half, a bottom half and structural reinforcing in said bottom half and in at least a portion of said top half, said roof panel body having an edge comprising a fascia water deflection system, said fascia water deflection system comprising a chamfer having at least one angled ridge, said roof panel body being provided with a trough adjacent to said edge and in another portion of said roof panel body that does not have structural reinforcing in its top half, so that when said roof panel body is installed on a structure, said trough runs at a downward angle and water entering said trough flows by force of gravity through said trough. 
     In yet another preferred embodiment, said curable material is made by combining: a powder component comprising Portland cement in the range of 40 percent to 60 percent of the powder and a crystalline quartz silica in the range of 40 percent to 60 percent of the powder; and a liquid component comprising an acrylic polymers dispersion to produce a combination; wherein said powder component comprises about 60 percent of said combination and said liquid component comprises about 40 percent of said combination. High quality constituents are preferred. 
     An integral functioning process advantage of the finished edges of the roof panels of preferred embodiments of the present invention lies in a water deflection system that is multifaceted. The edges of the roof having at least one angled ridges (preferably routed) therein makes it impossible for excess moisture from the roof to run down face of the panel fascia. This overcomes two failures of the prior art, namely that: 1) moisture carrying naturally occurring debris running down vertical fascia causes unsightly streaks; and 2) moisture running down the fascia is easily blown back toward the structure. By means of the instant invention, the need for additional labor and material required to install a drip edge is avoided, while adding unique architectural enhancement to the structure. 
     Further aspects of the invention will become apparent from consideration of the drawings and the ensuing description of preferred embodiments of the invention. A person skilled in the art will realize that other embodiments of the invention are possible and that the details of the invention can be modified in a number of respects, all without departing from the concept. Thus, the following drawings and description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The features of the invention will be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawings that illustrate presently preferred embodiments of the invention. In the drawings: 
         FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of a partial, two-story cementitious dwelling constructed in accordance with the teachings of preferred embodiments of the invention, showing specifically a first floor construction, with portions removed, a second floor with a first floor roof that covers part of the first floor, and a second floor roof that covers the second floor. 
         FIG. 2A  is a perspective view of a pair of roof panels in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. The angle at which the angled groove is shown is exaggerated for clarity. 
         FIG. 2B  is a longitudinal cross sectional view of a roof panel in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2C  is transverse cross-sectional view of a roof panel in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. 
         FIG. 2D  is a perspective view of a down spout box in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention. 
     
    
    
     The following reference numerals are used to indicate the parts and environment of the invention on the drawings:
           10  structure     11  loose mesh     12  integrated gutter system     13  interior ridges     14  stepped floor     15  wide slots, slots     16  roof     18  edge     38  roofing system     39  air channels     40  roof panels, AAC panels     41  first water-proofing material, elastomeric material     42  polyester/nylon mesh, mesh     43  tight mesh     44  groove     45  fascia water deflection system     45 A sharp angled ridges     46  down spout box     47  second water-proofing material, roofing material     48  top ridge vent     52  upper course of reinforcing     59  floor panels     200 B wall blocks       

     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to  FIG. 1 , structure  10  comprising floor panels  59 , wall blocks  200 B and roofs  16 . Each of roofs  16  preferably comprises roof panels  40 . Roof panels  40  preferably comprise integrated gutter system  12  and fascia water deflection system  45 . 
     Referring to  FIGS. 2A ,  2 B,  2 C and  2 D, integrated gutter system  12  preferably incorporates industry-standard AAC roof panels  40  having a modification in steel reinforcing. Because, in a preferred embodiment, each groove  44  is carved into each roof panel  40  with a router, the top row(s) of embedded reinforcing rods  52  do not extend to edge  18 . This is possible because there is no need for full (top and bottom) structural reinforcing at the gutter location, as AAC is strong enough without full reinforcing at this location. 
     In a preferred embodiment, angled routed groove  44  is provided in AAC roof panels  40  to transmit runoff along each roof  16  and to act as an integrated gutter system  12  to carry the runoff to down spout box  46 . Thus, integrated gutter system  12  preferably employs gravity-driven water removal. 
     As illustrated in  FIG. 2D , each down spout box  46  preferably disperses runoff out and away from structure  10  by means of stepped floor  14 , interior ridges  13  and wide slots  15  at the lower end of stepped floor  14 . Interior ridges  13  and steps in stepped floor  14  break up the mass of runoff water into smaller droplets so that, when the runoff is propelled out of box  46 , large volumes of water do not overburden any one area of ground around structure  10 . Providing interior ridges  13  and providing the different floor heights transversely (preferably ⅛ inch to ¾ inch steps) cause the runoff to form into separate streams. In this way, gutter box  46  discharges the runoff in a sprinkler-like manner, directing it safely away from structure  10  so that landscaping is not damaged. 
     Preferably, the interior surface of each angled routed groove  44  is preferably covered by roofing material  47 . Roofing material  47  is preferably one continuous piece of material that also covers fascia water deflection system  45 . Fascia water deflection system  45  is preferably shaped to provide a chamfer having one or preferably more (preferably sharp) angled ridges  45 A so that it is effectively impossible for water running off roof  16  at edge  18  to run down the face of fascia water deflection system  45 . Rather, in this embodiment, gravity pulls the water off the face at a number of different places. This not only deflects water away from structure  10  but also breaks the runoff stream down into smaller droplets so it does not damage the landscaping beneath the eave. Therefore, the fascia design is not just a cosmetic architectural feature. Rather, it is a functioning aspect of the waterproofing and moisture removal system of roof  16  that is much different from existing plumb fascia boards and molding which may be inclined at an angle but do not have sharp angled ridges  45 A. 
     Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, each of the roof panels  40  is provided with a moisture removal system comprised of cementitious material identical to that used in panels  40  and is preferably the panel material itself. The moisture removal system preferably comprises two components: 1) a downwardly angled trough  44  that uniquely employs gravity to feed moisture to a down spout or down spout box  46 ; and 2) a fascia water deflection system  45  which has upwardly reversing angles forming a multi-faced edge  18  of cementitious roof  16 . This roof system is preferably coated with either of the two water-proofing materials  47  or  41  as shown in  FIG. 2A . Both moisture removal attributes are preferably part of the present invention&#39;s roofing system and work in conjunction with one another as one moisture removal system. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , in section A of roof  16 , second water-proofing material  47  preferably has the following characteristics: it is waterproof, durable in any climate, chemical resistant, vapor permeable (“breathes”), and durable over time (10+ year life expectancy); it has a high modulus of elasticity (stretchable), can be continuously re-coated so no waste material has to go to landfills, can be tinted to produce various colors, and bonds well to AAC. It is preferably applied by spray or roller. 
     Referring to  FIG. 2A , in section B of roof  16 , roofing system  38  preferably incorporates polyester/nylon mesh  42 , having alternate sections of tight mesh  43  and loose mesh  11 . Polyester/nylon mesh  42  is preferably placed over the AAC panels so that it extends from the ridge of roof  16  down to the eaves. Next, first water-proofing material (elastomeric composition)  41  is applied to mesh  42 , and, as a result of the porosity of loose mesh  11 , elastomeric composition  41  passes through loose mesh  11  and adheres to AAC panels  40 . However, the elastomeric material  41  does not pass through tight mesh  43  such that air channels  39  are created between tight mesh  43  and the surface of AAC panels  40 . Further, another coat of the elastomeric material  41  may be applied for extra wear resistance. Air channels  39  allow moisture that would otherwise be trapped in AAC panels  40  to escape, i.e., air channels  39  allow roof panels  40  to breathe. Additionally, air channels  39  also function as roof cooling means in that air is drawn up through channels  39  from the eaves of roof  16  to top ridge vent  48  by naturally occurring temperature differences and wind, where it may be vented to the atmosphere. 
     In a preferred embodiment, roofing material  47  comprises two primary components, component A and component B. Component A is preferably a powder and B is preferably a water-based liquid. Roofing material  47  is made by mixing the components together at an approximate ratio (more preferably a strict ratio) of 60 percent component A to 40 percent component B. In a preferred embodiment, a working mixture of roofing material  47  comprises the following: 55 pounds of component A (a powder) comprising Portland cement (preferably in the range of 40 percent to 60 percent of component A) and crystalline quartz silica (preferably in the range of 40 percent to 60 percent of component A); and 22 pounds of component B (a liquid) comprising an acrylic polymers dispersion (preferably 100 percent of component B). In an alternative embodiment, granules are added to the surface of the applied elastomeric composition to protect it from ultraviolet rays, wear, etc. In this embodiment, the granules are 3M Colorquartz aggregate or the type of roofing granules used on conventional asphalt shingles. 
     Many variations of the invention will occur to those skilled in the art. Some variations include a single component roofing system. Other variations call for use of a multi-component roofing system. All such variations are intended to be within the scope and spirit of the invention. 
     Although some embodiments are shown to include certain features, the applicant specifically contemplates that any feature disclosed herein may be used together or in combination with any other feature on any embodiment of the invention. It is also contemplated that any feature may be specifically excluded from any embodiment of the invention.