Abstract:
A data managing apparatus that manages various data such as contents in a simple storage/read controlling process, using a distributable recording medium. A card  10  has a first or static storage area IC 7  adapted to be accessed in a first access method and having stored compressed high-quality music data and compressed high-quality image data, and a second or dynamic storage area CD 2  adapted to be accessed in a second access method and having stored non-compressed high-quality music data and non-compressed high-quality image data. A portable player  10  or a household CD card reader  110 ′ as a reproducer can retrieve and replay the high-quality music data and image data by referring to the compressed music data and image data stored in the IC 7.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention relates to data management apparatus, data management methods, data readers, information management systems and data reading methods.  
           [0003]    2. Prior Art  
           [0004]    There have been proposed techniques that provide a plurality of storage sections in a single storage medium and store various kinds of data in the respective storage sections, for example, as disclosed in Unexamined Published Japanese Patent Applications Hei 10-142446, 10-171697, and 11-161750.  
           [0005]    The Application Hei 10-142446 a technique that uses a hybrid optical recording medium, which includes a first optical area for recording information in advance according to a standard format of high-level configuration, and a second optical area where additional information is written, called back, deleted or changed by a computer connected to the disk drive unit. Thus, original information can be previously stored in the first optical area in a mass production process and additional information to be written on the disk can be added to the second optical area.  
           [0006]    The Application Hei 10-171697 discloses a hybrid card having an optical recording area for recording data and management information, and an IC chip capable of rewriting information. An information recording/reproducing device is used to record data and its management information on the optical recording area of the card and also record on the IC chip address information of predetermined items of all management information recorded in the optical recording area. Therefore, before accessing the optical recording area, address information is read from the IC chip, and management information at the related address is reproduced from the optical recording area.  
           [0007]    The Application Applications Hei discloses a storage medium in the form of a DC-ROM, which includes an antenna coil and an integrated circuit connected to the antenna coil. The storage medium proper has game software already stored, whereas the integrated circuit has a built-in nonvolatile memory. The progress of the game played based on the game software is stored in the integrated circuit.  
           [0008]    With recent diffusion of PCs (Personal Computers) and the Internet, the user frequently stores in PC various kinds of information to be maintained or very often downloads contents from various servers and stores them in PC. Generally, information to be stored and downloaded contents are stored and managed in the hard disks in the PCs. However, as information and contents to be stored become diversified, the percentage of the hard disk occupied by them increases immensely, thus hampering the other work that will be carried out on the PC.  
           [0009]    Possible solutions of this problem are to utilize the above-mentioned Applications to store various kinds of information which should be retained, and the downloaded contents in external storage media to thereby manage them. With the Application Hei 10-142446, the first optical area has stored original information beforehand in a mass production process, and furthermore the second optical area stores additional information, which is to be written to the disk. Because the original information is stored in the optical area in advance in the mass production process, this technique is inappropriate for storing information to be stored personally and any downloaded data.  
           [0010]    In the Application Hei 10-171697, data and its management information are recorded in the optical recording area on the card, and address information of specified items of all management information recorded in the optical recording area is recorded on the IC chip. Therefore, three kinds of information must be stored in the card, which information are {circle over (1)} data, {circle over (2)} data management information, and {circle over (3)} address information for the management information, which makes the storage control process complicated. As the amount of data to be stored increases, the amount of data management information and address information thereof increases, thus prolonging the storage time.  
           [0011]    Further, in the Application Applications Hei 11-161750, game software is stored in advance in the recording medium and the changing situation in the course of the game to be played according to the software is recorded and stored in the integrated circuit element. Therefore, it is impossible for the PC user to store and manage the various items of information and the downloaded contents that he or she wishes to retain.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0012]    The present invention has been made in view of the above problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a data management apparatus, a data management method, a data reader, an information management system and a data reading method, which can manage information that the user needs to retain and various items of data such as downloaded contents, in a simple storage control process.  
           [0013]    In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a data managing apparatus for accessing a recording medium that comprises a first storage area in which information is stored in a first access method and a second storage area in which fixed data is stored in a second access method different from the first access method, the apparatus comprising:  
           [0014]    connecting means for connecting the recording medium via a network to a server system on the Internet;  
           [0015]    storage control means for storing changing data, related to the fixed data and read from the server system, in the first storage area in the first access method; and  
           [0016]    reading means for reading the fixed data corresponding to the changing data in the second access method from the second storage area.  
           [0017]    As described above, according to the invention, the recording medium is only required to store changing data to thereby simplify the storage control. Since the changing data is related to fixed data, the fixed data can be read out based on the changing data. Thus, the fixed data is placed in a manageable state. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]    [0018]FIGS. 1A and 1B show one embodiment of a card-type storage medium according to the present invention;  
         [0019]    [0019]FIGS. 2A and 2B show compositions of two storage areas different in access method to the card shown in FIG. 1;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIGS. 3A and 3B show compositions of two storage areas (an IC and a CD) different in access method to the card;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIGS. 4A and 4B show one embodiment of a card reader that accesses the storage areas different in access method to the card and reads stored data;  
         [0022]    [0022]FIGS. 5A and 5B show examples of data (files) stored in the storage areas, different in access method, provided on the card;  
         [0023]    [0023]FIG. 6 shows one embodiment of a parts inventory control device using a card having the storage areas different in access method;  
         [0024]    [0024]FIG. 7 is a flowchart of operation of the parts inventory control device using a card having the storage areas different in access method;  
         [0025]    [0025]FIGS. 8A and 8B show examples of data (files) to be stored in the storage areas, different in access method, provided on the card;  
         [0026]    [0026]FIGS. 9A, 9B and  9 C show another examples of data (files) to be stored in the storage areas, different in access method, provided on the card;  
         [0027]    [0027]FIG. 10 is a flowchart of operation of a navigation device using a card having the storage areas different in access method;  
         [0028]    [0028]FIGS. 11A and 11B show examples of storage areas of a card different in access method provided in a contents browsing device made of a terminal such as a portable information terminal or a personal computer;  
         [0029]    [0029]FIGS. 12A and 12B show another examples of storage areas of a card different in access method provided in a contents browsing device made of a terminal such as a portable information terminal or a personal computer;  
         [0030]    [0030]FIGS. 13A and 13B each illustrate reproduction of compressed data and high-quality data stored in a card having storage areas different in access method;  
         [0031]    [0031]FIGS. 14A and 14B each show a composition of security data stored in the IC;  
         [0032]    [0032]FIG. 15 illustrates an information management system according to the present invention;  
         [0033]    [0033]FIG. 16 illustrates another information management system according to the present invention;  
         [0034]    [0034]FIGS. 17A and 17B show a composition of an optical storage area of a contents card having stored contents;  
         [0035]    [0035]FIGS. 18A, 18B,  18 C;  18 A′,  18 B′,  18 C′ each show a composition (area layout) of an optical storage area of the contents card in FIG. 17;  
         [0036]    [0036]FIGS. 19A and 19B show one embodiment of free contents (file) stored in a free contents area;  
         [0037]    [0037]FIGS. 20A and 20B show one embodiment of pay contents (file) stored in a pay contents area;  
         [0038]    [0038]FIGS. 21A and 21B show another embodiment of a contents card having stored contents;  
         [0039]    [0039]FIGS. 22A and 22B show yet another embodiment of a contents card having stored contents;  
         [0040]    FIGS.  23 A,  23 A′ and  23 B,  23 B′ show compositions (area layouts) of storage areas of contents cards  211 ,  211 ′ shown in FIGS. 21 and 22, respectively;  
         [0041]    [0041]FIGS. 24A, 24B and  24 C show one embodiment of a contents card device to be connected to (or incorporated in) a contents browsing terminal;  
         [0042]    [0042]FIGS. 25A, 25B and  25 C each show one embodiment of a contents card browsing terminal;  
         [0043]    [0043]FIG. 26 illustrates one embodiment of a network system used in a selling method of contents according to the present invention;  
         [0044]    [0044]FIGS. 27A and 27B each illustrate a process chart of a selling method of contents in the network system in FIG. 25;  
         [0045]    [0045]FIG. 28 shows a composition of a server;  
         [0046]    FIGS.  29 A- 29 E each show a composition of data to be stored in a respective one of files stored in a data base;  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 30 shows a composition of a stationary terminal;  
         [0048]    FIGS.  31 A- 31 E each show one embodiment of a screen image displayed on a stationary terminal monitor;  
         [0049]    [0049]FIG. 32 is a flowchart of operation of the stationary terminal, e.g., in renewing the valid number of times of card use;  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 33A and 33B show a flowchart of operation of the server; and  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 34A and 34B show a flowchart of a program capturing (receiving) operation at the contents browsing terminal. 
     
    
     DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS  
       [0052]    Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail in the following.  
         [0053]    A. First Embodiment  
         [0054]    A Storage Medium having Storage Areas Different in Access Method  
         [0055]    1. Storage Medium  
         [0056]    [0056]FIG. 1 shows a card-type storage medium in one embodiment of the present invention (hereafter referred to as a card  10 ). Card  10  has an electronic storage area mounted on the front side (or the back side) thereof (in this example, an IC  17  attached to, or embedded in, a substrate  1 ), and an optical storage area provided on the back side (or the front side) (in this example, a non-circular CD  2  attached to, or embedded in, the substrate  1 ). In FIG. 1, reference numeral  3  denotes a hole provided at the center of the card substrate  1 ;  7  an electronic storage area; and  8  terminals used to electronically read or write information therethrough. While the card  10  is illustrated as having an optical storage area  2  that includes non-circular optical storage tracks, the optical storage area  2  may consist only of circular optical storage tracks.  
         [0057]    The card  10  takes the form of a visiting card having the IC  7  embedded on the front (back) side as shown in FIG. 1A. Also, information is printed on the front (back) side to show the usage of the card  10  and the data stored (as a character string and a picture; in the case of a game card, a title or illustration showing the contents of the game and a production firm&#39;s name, etc.). Moreover, for example, an arrow mark showing an inserting direction of the card  10  into the terminal (insertion guide), and character information about applicable models and a card using method may be printed.  
         [0058]    While FIG. 1 shows the CD  10  that has the IC  7  and CD  2  provided on one and the other side thereof, respectively, the IC  7  and DC  2  may be provided on the same side. A plurality of ICs  7  may be installed on the card  10 .  
         [0059]    2. Composition of Memory  
         [0060]    [0060]FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate compositions of the two storage areas (IC  7  and CD  2 ), which are accessed in different methods, on the card  10  in FIG. 1.  
         [0061]    [0061]FIG. 2A shows the electronic storage area or a storage area layout of the IC  7  of the CD card  10 . The IC  7  (=a memory  70 ) includes a card identification information area  71 , a security information area  72 , a validity information area  73  and a data area  75 . The card identification information area  71  contains identification information of the card  10  such as the kind and card number of the card  10 . The security information area  72  contains data for card security, and the validity information area  73  contains card validity information such as the valid usable number of times of the card (or the valid usable count of the card). The data area  75  contains a small capacity of character data, parameters or transaction data (changing data).  
         [0062]    [0062]FIG. 2B shows a data area  21  having a large data capacity provided on the optical storage area CD  2  of the CD card  10 .  
         [0063]    [0063]FIG. 3A shows the card identification information area  71 , security area  72 , validity information area  73 , program area  74  and data area  75  provided in a memory  70 ′ in an IC  7 ′, which also incorporates a microprocessor. The card identification information area  71  contains identification information of the card  10 , such as the kind and card number of the card  10 . The security area  72  contains data for card security. The validity information area  73  contains card validity information such as the valid number of times of card use (or the valid usable count of the card). The program area  74  stores programs, character data and setting values. The data area  75  stores data of a small capacity such as parameters and changing data.  
         [0064]    [0064]FIG. 3B shows data area  21  having a large data capacity provided in the optical storage area CD  2  of the CD card  10  (in this case, the data to be stored is a game application program).  
         [0065]    3. Different Methods for Accessing the Storage Areas on the Card Different in Accessing Method  
         [0066]    [0066]FIGS. 4A and B show one embodiment of a card reader for reading in different accessing methods data stored in the storage areas IC  7  ( 7 ′) and CD  2 ) on the card  10 . FIG. 4A illustrates the appearance of the card reader, and FIG. 4B illustrates an access unit  31  (the card drive mechanism and the read/write mechanism) provided on the card reader.  
         [0067]    As shown in FIG. 4A, the card reader  30  has on its front a tray insert/eject slot  31  for a movable tray (not shown) on which a card  10  is guided into/out of the card reader  30 , and a tray drive button  32 .  
         [0068]    As shown in FIG. 4B, the card access unit  31  includes an IC read/write sub-unit  34 , a fixing table  36  for fixing card  10  thereon, a motor mechanism  37  for rotating the card  10  together with the fixing table  36 , a shaft  38  for securing the card  10  to the fixing table  36 , and an optical read/write sub-unit  39  moved by an arm (not shown). When a card  10  is set and stationary, the IC read/write sub-unit  34  is in electrical contact with the IC  7  provided on the front side (or, on the same side as the optical storage area) of the card  10  for transmitting or receiving information to, or from, the IC  7 .  
         [0069]    As shown in FIG. 4B, when the card  10  ( 11 ) inserted into the card reader  30  is placed on the fixing table  36 , the shaft  38  moves downward to fix the card  10  ( 11 ) to the fixing table  36 . This causes the motor mechanism  37  to rotate the fixing table  36  along with CD card  10 . The optical read/write sub-unit  39  moves with the moving arm driven based on a control signal from a CPU built in the terminal or the card reader, reads information from the optical storage area  2  on the CD card  10  and outputs a corresponding electrical signal. If the optical storage area  2  (or a part of its area) is configured as rewritable, the electrical signal (information) can be converted into an optical signal, which is then writable into the optical storage area  2 .  
         [0070]    When the card  10  is not rotating (in other words, when the card starts to rotate, or when its rotation is stopped or terminated), the IC read/write sub-unit  34  moves at specified timing to bring its terminals into electrical contact with the terminals of the IC  7  embedded in the underside of the card  10 , and reads stored information from the IC  7 , or writes data into the IC  7 .  
         [0071]    In other words, by using the card reader  30  of FIG. 4 as the card read/write device for a terminal such as a personal computer, a special-purpose portable information terminal or a stand-alone type terminal, it is possible to read data stored in the optical storage area  2  and the IC  7  of the card  10 , to reproduce it for use in a specified application, and to write resulting data back to the card  10 .  
         [0072]    [0072]FIG. 4B shows the internal mechanism of the terminal that reads information stored in the optical storage area  2  and the IC  7  provided on the opposite sides of the card  10 . In contrast, the terminal may be configured so as to have the IC reader  34  mounted on the same side as the optical reader  39  to thereby read information from the optical storage area  2  and the IC  7  both arranged on the same side of the card.  
         [0073]    In FIGS. 4A and B, the single-type card device  30  is shown which reads data from the CD  2  of the card  10  and reads/writes data from/to the IC  7 , but the present invention is not limited to this particular configuration. For example, the CD  2  of the CD card  11  may be rotated and read by a dedicated CD card reader whereas data stored in the IC  7  may be read by a dedicated IC read/write device.  
         [0074]    4. Contents of Data to be Stored in Storage Areas Different in Access Method  
         [0075]    Data to be stored in the card  10  is stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and the CD  2  of the card  10  in corresponding different access methods, that is, in an electronic quick-access method and a less-quick access method suitable for storing a large amount of data.  
         [0076]    4-{circle over (1)} Method of Storing Changing and Fxed Data in the IC and the CD, Respectively  
         [0077]    [0077]FIG. 5A shows a changing part data file  41  that has changing parts data sections  41 - 1  through  41 - i  set in the data area in the memory  70 ( 70 ′) of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of a card  10  for inventory control of the parts. FIG. 5B shows a parts file  42  of parts code sections  42 - 1  through  42 - n  set in the data area  21  of the CD  2  of the card and having stored part codes as fixed data.  
         [0078]    In FIG. 5A, each changing parts data section has a parts code field, and an incoming/outgoing stock count field in which corresponding data are stored each time incoming/outgoing stock appears (the number of incoming stock=+, the number of outgoing stock=−).  
         [0079]    In FIG. 5B, each parts code section has (a parts code field, a part name field, an in-out stock count field and an amount of stock (a purchase amount of parts in stock) field in which corresponding data is stored.  
         [0080]    In the illustrated example, data stored in the parts code field of the changing parts data section  41 - 2  is associated with data in the parts code section  42 - 2  of the parts code file  42  of CD  2 .  
       Operation  
       [0081]    [0081]FIG. 6 shows one embodiment of a portable parts inventory control device or terminal using a card  10 . FIG. 7 is a flowchart of operation of the inventory control device. In this example, the card  10  is inserted into a card insert slot  59  in the inventory control device  50 , and then placed on a card access unit  31  (FIG. 4B) provided within the inventory control terminal  50 .  
         [0082]    As shown in FIG. 7, when parts are put/delivered in/from store, the person in charge enters changing data on a parts code, a purchase price, and an in-out stock count with the key-in unit  53  of the inventory control terminal  50  or with an optical character reader  51 , such as a bar code reader, provided at the inventory control terminal (step S 1 ).  
         [0083]    The data input in the step S 1  is displayed on the display  52  (step S 2 ), and stored in the appropriate section of the changing parts data file  41  in the data area  75  of the IC  7 ( 7 ′)(step S 3 ). If the person in charge depresses the correct button  54 , the data stored in that section of the changing parts data file  41  is cancelled, and the control returns to step S 1  that enables data to be input again (step S 4 ).  
         [0084]    When the person in charge depresses the record button provided on the inventory control terminal  50  (step S 5 ), the terminal accesses the IC  7 ( 7 ′) to thereby sequentially read changing parts data from the changing parts file  41  (step S 6 ).  
         [0085]    Next, the terminal  50  accesses the CD  2  to search the parts file  42  stored in the data area  21  of the CD  2  for a key parts code of the changing parts data  41  read in step S 6  (step S 7 ). If a parts code is found which coincides with the key one, the terminal examines the parts data to see whether parts are put in or delivered from stock (signs “+” and “−” in the in-out stock count field indicate that the parts are respectively put in and delivered from stock) (step S 8 ).  
         [0086]    When the parts are put in stock, the number of incoming stock in the changing parts data section is added to the value of the inventory field for the parts code coincident with the key to renew the data in the inventory field, and data in the price-of-the-inventory field for the parts is renewed by adding the purchase price (=the number of incoming stock×unit purchase price) to the price of the inventory field for the parts (S 9 ). When parts are delivered from stock, the number of parts in the inventory field in the corresponding changing parts data section is renewed by subtracting the number of outgoing stock from the inventory field for the parts code coincident with the key, and the inventory price field is renewed by subtracting the purchase price (=the number of outgoing stock×the average inventory price of the stock) from the value in the price inventory field for the parts(S 10 ).  
         [0087]    When renewing the CD  2  ends, the terminal  50  again accesses the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and repeats steps S 6  to S 9  (S 10 ) until renewal of the CD  2  with all input changing parts data (S 11 ) is completed. When the renewal of the CD  2  is completed, the changing parts data stored in the parts file  42  of the CD  2  is edited and printed, and discharged as records of incoming and outgoing stock from a recording paper discharge slot  57  (S 12 ). After printing of the changing parts data is completed, the data stored in the changing parts file  41  of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) is cleared (S 13 ).  
         [0088]    Note that the terminal can access the DC  2  in step S 2 , search the parts codes stored in the parts file  42  for the parts code input in step S 1  as a key, extract the parts name for the parts data that coincides with the key and display it on the display  52 .  
         [0089]    As is obvious from FIGS.  5  to  7 , changing data such as the in-out stock data is recorded in the quick-accessible IC  7 ( 7 ′) and a fixed portion of the parts data, that is, composing ledger data is recorded on the CD  2 . The fixed data can be renewed with the changing data at desired times. In this case, since the CD of the card  10  has a capacity of 30 megabytes (30 MB) or so at present, the terminal can manage 300,000 records, that is, 300,000 kinds of parts, including standards, if parts data (fixed data) consists of records each 1 KB long, and therefore can sufficiently manage a large number of parts.  
         [0090]    Further, since the changing data recorded in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) can be written into the CD  2  when necessary (by manipulating the record button, for example), and even if there are a large number of changing data, the limited recording capacity of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) does not make it necessary to frequently replace the card  10  by other cards.  
         [0091]    For the inventory control of the parts mentioned above, an information management system  600  using the Internet  260 , as shown in FIG. 26, can be used. The management system  600  includes a server  250 ( 250 ′) (see FIG. 28) connected to the Internet  260 , a plurality of user terminals (PCs)  241  connected to the Internet  260  via a server  262 , a plurality of mobile wireless terminals  241 ″ connected wirelessly to a sever  263  that may be connected to the Internet  260 , and a stationary type terminal  241 ′ connected to the Internet via a server  264 . The stationary type terminal  241 ′ is equipped with not only a function to connect to the Internet, but also with all functions of the inventory control terminal  50  shown in FIG. 6.  
         [0092]    When parts are put in, or delivered from, stock, the stationary type terminals  241 ′ reads changing data such as a parts code, a purchase price, the number of incoming/outgoing stock, etc., from the server  250 , and stores changing parts data, thus obtained, in the changing parts file  41  in the data area  75  of the IC  7 ( 7 ′). When the person in charge manipulates the terminal  241 ′ corresponding to the record button  55  on the inventory control terminal  50 , the terminal  241 ′ accesses the IC  7 ( 7 ′), and sequentially reads changing parts data from the changing parts file  41 .  
         [0093]    Then, the terminal  241 ′ searches the parts file  42  stored in the data area  21  of the CD  2  for a key part code of the read changing parts data file  41 . When the part code is found which coincides with the key, the terminal  241 ′ checks to see whether the parts are put in, or delivered from, stock (the signs “+” and “−” indicate incoming and outgoing stock, respectively).  
         [0094]    When the parts are put in stock, the value of the inventory field for the parts is renewed by adding the number of incoming stock in the corresponding changing parts data section to the inventory field for the part code coincident with the key. The value of the inventory price field is renewed by adding the purchase price (=the number of incoming stock×unit purchase price) to the value in the inventory price field. When parts are delivered from stock, the value in the inventory field is renewed by subtracting the number of outgoing stock in the changing parts data file from the value of the inventory field for the part code coincident with the key. Also, the value in the inventory price field is renewed by subtracting the purchase price (=the number of outgoing stock×the average unit inventory price of the parts) from the total price value in the inventory price field.  
         [0095]    When the renewal of the CD  2  by the changing parts data is completed, the changing parts data stored in the parts file  42  of the CD  2  is edited, printed, and then ejected as a record of the in-out stock from the recording paper discharge slot  57 . After printing of the changing parts data, the data stored in the changing parts file  41  of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) is cleared.  
         [0096]    The above-mentioned storage method is not limited to parts control, but may be utilized in various types of applications in which changing data is input and a ledger file (fixed data) is renewed.  
         [0097]    The applications include an accounting process system in which accounting data (journal data) as changing data is recorded on a card  10  set in the accounting terminal, and the accounting master file is recorded on the CD  2 ; and a sales (or customer) management system in which merchandize sales data is recorded as changing data in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of a card  10  set in the recording terminal, and a commodity classified sales master file and a customer-classified sales master file are recorded the CD  2 . Yet another possible application is an athletic record system wherein records classified by athletes and events at sports meets are recorded as changing data on a card  10  inserted into the athletic record terminal, and an athlete-classified record master file, for example, is recorded on the CD  2 .  
         [0098]    4-{circle over (2)} Method of Recording Local Data (or Non-Standard Data) in the IC, and Wide-Area Data (or Standard Data) on the CD  
         [0099]    [0099]FIG. 8A shows one embodiment of an area vegetation distribution file  61  set in the data area  75  in memory  70  of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of a card  10  used for A vegetation survey. An area vegetation distribution file  61  contains area-specific vegetation distribution data  61 - 1  through  61 - j  each containing an ID code (plant code) of plants distributed in an area under survey, an ID code of a municipality area under survey (a block No.+a municipality code), an area size, and a degree of distribution. FIG. 8B shows a nationwide vegetation distribution file  62  set in the data area  21  of the CD  2 . This distribution file  62  contains wide-area vegetation data  62 - 1  through  62 - m . The wide-area vegetation data  62 - 1  through  62 - m  each contain a plant code, a block (a prefectural block and an island block, for example Yaeyama Island block) No., a degree of distribution, and others.  
         [0100]    In the illustrated example, a plant code and a block code (of a municipality code) of vegetation distribution data  61 - n  stored in the area vegetation distribution file  61  of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) is associated a plant code and a block No. of corresponding vegetation data of the file  62  in the CD  2 .  
       Operation  
       [0101]    In this example, the card  10  is inserted in a portable type survey terminal (not shown) and read by the card access unit (see FIG. 4B) of the survey terminal. The survey terminal comprises a display, a key-in unit, and a controller.  
         [0102]    In the survey of vegetation, when an investigator keys in data on a result of survey of plants in an area under survey, such as a plant ID code, a municipality ID No., a size of the area, and the distribution of the plants, plant distribution data is produced based on the data inputted, and recorded in an area-specific vegetation distribution file  61  in the IC  7 ( 7 ′).  
         [0103]    In the survey, the investigator not only inputs the data, but also manipulates the wide-area function button on the survey terminal to access the CD  2  to thereby search wide-area vegetation data recorded in the nationwide vegetation distribution file  62  of the CD  2  for the plant code and the block number included in the municipality code as keys. If no great difference is found in comparison of the vegetation of the plants at the site of survey with the wide-area vegetation data recorded in the file  62 , the plants at the site of survey may be removed from the list of plants under survey or may be recorded separately as being identical to the wide-area vegetation.  
         [0104]    After the survey, the investigator manipulates the wide-area function button provided on the survey terminal to access the CD  2  and searches the wide-area vegetation data recorded in the nationwide vegetation distribution data file  62  on the CD  2  for the target plant code and the block number included in the municipality ID code as the keys and compare the vegetation distribution corresponding to the keys with the survey results stored in the area vegetation distribution file  61  in the IC  7 ( 7 ′). If there is no statistical difference between them, the survey results are regarded as being not vegetation indigenous to the area and removed from the survey list, or may be treated as being identical to the wide-area vegetation and recorded separately.  
         [0105]    As is clear from the example in FIG. 8, the IC  7 ( 7 ′) has a limited storage data capacity, but quickly accessible. Thus, local data such as area-based data can be stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) for ready reference, whereas wide-area data of a large size can be stored on the CD  2  so as to be compared with the local data when necessary.  
         [0106]    Data considered as being of a non-standard type, for example, data on commodities (such as local products) other than those bought in by joint purchase for chain stores may be stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′), whereas standard data (on joint-purchased commodities for chain stores) may be stored on the CD  2 .  
         [0107]    4-{circle over (3)} Method of Storing Search Data (Search File) in the IC and Data, to be Searched, on the CD  
         [0108]    [0108]FIG. 9A shows one embodiment of a route data file  81  retained in a data area  75  of the memory  70 ( 70 ′) of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of a card  10  used in a navigation system. The route data file  81  contains route data sections  81 - 1  through  81 -N. FIG. 9B shows a composition of each of map search data sections  82 - 1  through  82 -Q stored in a map search file  82  set in a data area  21  on the CD  2  of the card  10 . FIG. 9C shows map file sections  83 - 1  through  83 -M including image information in a map file  83  set in the data area  21  of the card  10 .  
         [0109]    In FIG. 9A, each of route data sections stored in route file  81  includes a coordinate field, a node number field, and an adjacent node number (route number) field that have respectively stored coordinate values, a node number of a node closest to the coordinate values, the next node numbers selectable from the closest node, and a route number(s) of a route(s) represented by a segment(s) that connect the nodes.  
         [0110]    In FIG. 9B, the map search file sections  82 - 1 , . . . ,  82 -Q stored in the map search file  82  each include a route number field and a map pointer field that have respectively stored a route number and a pointer(s) pointing to map information, including data on the above-mentioned route(s) (in other words, a segment extending from one node to the next node).  
         [0111]    In FIG. 9C, a map file  83  contains map file data sections  83 - 1 ,  83 - 2 , . . . ,  83 -M, each comprising a map number and map (image) data.  
         [0112]    In this illustrated example, the route data sections  81 - 1  through  81 -N stored in the route data file  81  in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) are associated with the map file data sections  83 - 1  through  83 -M by the corresponding route numbers of the route data sections  81 - 1  through  81 -N and the map search file sections  82 - 1 , . . .  82 -Q.  
       Operation  
       [0113]    [0113]FIG. 10 is a flowchart of operation of the portable navigation system (not shown) using a card  10 .  
         [0114]    The portable-type navigation system has a GPS receiver and a display unit, by which the navigation system obtains the current position from GPS data received by the GPS receiver and displays a route to a destination to thereby guide the user. The card  10  is set in a card receiver of the device and is read by a card access unit provided in the navigation system.  
         [0115]    When the navigation system is started up and a destination is input, the GPS receiver unit intermittently receives GPS data and obtains coordinates of the current position (step T 1 ).  
         [0116]    Then, the navigation system accesses the IC  7 ( 7 ′), and searches the coordinate value fields of the route data file  81  for data on a route related to coordinates closest to the current position (step T 2 ).  
         [0117]    Further, the navigation system reads a node number, an adjacent node number and a route number from the node number field and the adjacent link pointer field of the route data section obtained in the step T 2  (step T 3 ). The system finds an optimum guide route by using a well-known route calculating method, and decides a route to the destination from the node closest to the current position to thereby obtain the next node and the optimum route (route number)(step T 4 ).  
         [0118]    Subsequently, the navigation system accesses the CD  2 , and searches the map search file  82  for the route number obtained in the step T 4  (step T 5 ). Further, the navigation system reads a map pointer from the appropriate map pointer field, reads a map file corresponding to the map pointer from among the map file sections  83 - 1  through  83 -M (step T 6 ), and displays the map concerned, the current position, the next guide route and the destination on the display (step T 7 ).  
         [0119]    As described above, frequently-accessed data, such as data constants (numerical values, parameters (variables)) or search keys (an index file) may be stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′), thereby facilitating a search for map (image) data stored on the CD  2 .  
         [0120]    4-{circle over (4)} Method of Storing Index Information (Text Data) in the IC and Image Data and Detailed Data on the CD  
         [0121]    [0121]FIG. 11A shows an example of sightseeing site data sections  91 - 1  through  91 -K stored in a guide data file  91  set in a data area  75  of the memory  70 ( 70 ′) of IC  7 ( 7 ′) of card  10 . FIG. 11B shows an example of map file sections  92 - 1  through  92 -K set in a data area  21  of the CD  2  of the card.  
         [0122]    In FIG. 11A, the sightseeing site data sections  91 - 1  through  91 -K stored in the guide data file  91  each have a sightseeing site code field, a sightseeing site name field, a sightseeing information field and a map pointer field for storing a sightseeing site code, a sightseeing site name, information regarding the sightseeing site, and a map pointer pointing to a storage address of a map file section stored on the CD  2 , respectively. In FIG. 11B, the map file  92  includes map (image) data sections  92 - 1  through  92 -K, each in turn including a map number and map (image) data.  
         [0123]    In the illustrated example, the sightseeing site guide data sections  91 - 1  through  91 -K stored in the sightseeing guide data file  91  in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) are associated with map file sections  92 - 1  through  92 -K stored on the CD  2  by map pointers in the respective map pointer fields thereof.  
       Operation  
       [0124]    In this example, the card  10  is set in a portable information terminal (not shown) that includes a display, a key-in unit, and a card receiver, or set in a card reader of a browsing terminal such as a personal computer. The card is read by the card access unit (FIG. 4B) installed inside the browsing terminal.  
         [0125]    When the browsing terminal is started up, the IC  7 ( 7 ′) is accessed, and guide data is read from the guide data file  91 , and sightseeing site names and sightseeing guide information about and sightseeing sites are displayed in a table form on the display. When the user points to (or clicks on) a sightseeing site name with keys (or a mouse), sightseeing data that includes a site name pointed to (or clicked) is selected.  
         [0126]    Then, by accessing the CD  2 , a map file section stored on the CD  2  is read and a corresponding map is displayed on the screen, based on a map pointer stored in the pointed (or clicked) sightseeing guide data.  
         [0127]    As described above, text data (character information) is stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and map data (image information) is stored on the CD  2 . Thus, text data can be retrieved from the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and displayed in a table form. By selecting desired information from the information table, one can read the desired image information.  
         [0128]    Examples of the text data to be stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) include the names of, and summarized information about, accommodations, sports facilities, amusement centers, etc., or the titles and introductions of books, paintings, music, machinery and commodities. The CD  2  may contain image data corresponding to the text data (photos of accommodations, sports facilities, and recreation facilities, the contents of books), music data, plans or photos of machines, and photos of commodities). It should be noted that in this example, detailed information stored on the CD  2  is not limited to image data and music data, but may include text data.  
         [0129]    4-{circle over (5)} Method of Storing Thumbnail Data in the IC and High-Definition Image Data corresponding to Thumbnail Data on the CD  
         [0130]    [0130]FIG. 12A shows a composition of each of thumbnail data sections  141 - 1  through  141 -N stored in a thumbnail file  141  set in the data area  75  of the memory  70 ( 70 ′) in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of card  10 . FIG. 12B shows a structural example of image files  142 - 1  through  142 -N stored in the data area  21  of the CD  2  of the card  10 .  
         [0131]    In FIG. 12A, the thumbnail data sections  141 - 1  through  141 -N stored in the thumbnail data file  141  each contain a thumbnail data field that has stored thumbnail image data and an image pointer field that has stored an image pointer pointing to a storage address of high-definition image data on the CD  2 . The thumbnail image data includes a reduced amount of high-definition image data stored on the CD  2 . In FIG. 12B, the image file  142  comprises image data sections  142 - 1  through  142 -N, each in turn comprising an image number and high-definition image data.  
         [0132]    In this illustrated example, the image pointers of the thumbnail data sections  141 - 1  through  141 -N stored in the thumbnail data file  141  in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) are associated with the corresponding mage numbers of the image data sections  142 - 1  through  142 -N of the image file  142  stored on the CD 2 .  
       Operation  
       [0133]    In this example, the card  10  is set in a portable information terminal (not shown), which comprises a display, an input keypad, and a card receiver, or in a card reader of a browsing terminal such as a personal computer, and is read at the card access unit (FIG. 4B) installed in the terminal.  
         [0134]    When the browsing terminal is started up, the IC  7 ( 7 ′) is accessed, thumbnail data in the thumbnail data file  91  is read, and the thumbnail images are displayed in a table form on the display. When the user points to (clicks on) any one thumbnail image with keys (or a mouse), the image data is selected.  
         [0135]    Then, the CD  2  is accessed and one of the image file sections  142 - 1  . . .  142 -N stored therein is read, based on an image pointer stored in the pointed-to or clicked specified thumbnail data, and the image is then displayed on the display.  
         [0136]    Briefly, thumbnail data having a reduced amount of information is stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and high-definition image data, which corresponds to the thumbnail data, is stored on the CD  2 . Thumbnail data can be displayed in a table form on the display. By selecting desired information from the table of information, a corresponding high-definition image can be viewed.  
         [0137]    4-{circle over (6)} Method of Soring Compressed Information in the IC and Uncompressed High-Definition Data on the CD, and a Method for Using Stored Information  
         [0138]    Compressed data is stored in the data area  75  in the memory  70 ( 70 ′) of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and high-definition data (uncompressed data) is stored in the data area  21  of the CD  2 . The compressed data stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) can be reproduced by a portable terminal. The high-definition image data stored on the CD  2  can be reproduced by a personal computer.  
         [0139]    [0139]FIG. 13A shows that compressed image data stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of card  10  is being reproduced by the portable terminal. FIG. 13B shows that a high-definition image stored on the CD  2  of the card  10  is being reproduced by a household personal computer.  
         [0140]    It may be arranged that in FIG. 13A, music data compressed by a compression technique such as MP 3 , for example, is stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′), and high-definition music data is stored on the CD  2 . If the user outdoors puts the card  10  into his or her portable player  100  with a CD card reader, the portable player  100  reads and reproduces compressed music (image) data from the IC  7 ( 7 ′). If the user inserts the card  10  into the player  100 ′ at his or her home, the player  100 ′ reads and reproduces high-definition music data from the CD  2 .  
         [0141]    In this case, the portable player  100  may be configured so as to expand compressed music data. Alternatively, a card  10  with an IC  7 ′ that incorporates a microprocessor may be used so that compressed music data is expanded by the microprocessor in the IC  7 ′ based on an expansion program stored in the program area  74  (FIG. 3A).  
         [0142]    Alternatively, a card  10 , that has stored in IC  7  ( 7 ′) image data compressed by an image compression technique such as MPEG and that also has stored high-definition image data on the CD  2 , may be set in a portable terminal (not shown) with a CD card reader and a display, so that compressed image stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) is reproduced from the terminal. Also, the user can insert at his or her home the card  10  into a personal computer (not shown), which has a CD card reader, so that high-definition image data stored on the CD  2  can be read and reproduced.  
         [0143]    In this case, the portable terminal may be configured so as to expand compressed image data. Alternatively, a card  10  with IC  7 ′ including a built-in microprocessor may be used to expand the compressed image data by the microprocessor, based on an expansion program stored in the program area  74  (see FIG. 3A).  
         [0144]    4-{circle over (7)} Method of Storing Game Data in the IC and Contents on the CD, and a Method of Using Stored Data  
         [0145]    A card  10  is used for a card game (the card has game characters painted for collecting or exchanging purposes). The card  10  has printed on its front game characters, e.g., monsters that grow and change themselves with the progress of the game. Game data (parameters) of the game characters is stored in the data area of the memory  70 ( 70 ′) of the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of card  10 .  
         [0146]    When the card  10  is set in a portable game device (not shown) and the game device is turned on, game data stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) changes with time according to the game program, and grown game characters appear on the display of the game device. A plurality of such game characters are stored. As the user manipulates the game device to let the characters fight against one another, the game characters learn fighting and become gradually stronger and bigger.  
         [0147]    Because game data that changes with the progress of the game is written in the IC  7 ( 7 ′), the user comes to possess a game card peculiar to the user. Thus, such CD cards containing game data on the pocket game characters can be collected or exchanged.  
         [0148]    The CD  2  stores contents such as images and music, or other game data. Further, a card  10  with the IC  7 ′ including a microprocessor may be used to run a game program previously stored in the program area  74  (see FIG. 3A). In this case, the terminal is only required to display a result of the game (i.e., images). Therefore, a special-purpose game device is not required. In addition, the terminal and the card receiver are required to have a card access unit  31  (FIG. 4A) or a card reader  30  (FIG. 4A) to read data stored in the card  10 .  
         [0149]    In the mentioned above items 4-{circle over (1)} to 4-{circle over (7)}, applications of the card  10  have been illustrated, but they are not limited to those examples. For example, they may be used as a diary that has stored personal information or as a database regarding weather or stock prices.  
       Security  
       [0150]    As described above, various items of data can be stored, singly or associated with one another, in the card  10  including the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and the CD 2 . In the use of the card  10 , it is necessary to authenticate the user by checking if the user is qualified to use it, to maintain copy guard to thereby prevent the card  10  from being copied, to ensure security such as a copyright protector, to protect the copyright of contents stored in the card  10 , and to control a valid usable count of a card and the number of times the contents stored in the card can be viewed.  
         [0151]    [0151]FIGS. 4A and 4B show examples of card security data  120  and contents security data, respectively, stored in a security information area  72  in the memory  70 ( 70 ′) of the IC  7 ( 7 ′).  
         [0152]    As shown in FIG. 14A, card security data  120  includes personal authentication data  121 , copy guard data  122 , and card validity data  123 . The personal authentication  121  consists of encrypted image information such as a password or fingerprint that the user sets at the terminal when the user starts to use a card  10  for the first time.  
         [0153]    The copy guard data  122  remains blank when the card is unused, but it stores a device number of a terminal under use inputted when the card is used first or copy prohibition information downloaded from the server through the Internet when the card is used first. (The copy guard data  122  may be flag information: “0” for “unused”; “1” for “used”.) Rewriting of the copy guard data  122  is prohibited.  
         [0154]    Therefore, when the device number is set as the copy guard data  122  at the initial use of the card, the card  10  cannot be used at any other terminal even when its model is the same as that of the former card. When a registered number downloaded from the server is used as copy guard data  122 , the card  10  can be used at another terminal. However, a card  10  produced by copying cannot be used at another terminal because the copy prohibition information is sent to the server when the card  10  is used for the first time.  
         [0155]    Card validity data  123  is a numerical value, which is set as representing a predetermined number of times or count where free charge cards or over-the-counter cards can be used (a valid usable count of the card). It may be arranged that the number of times of use of each of cards sold by a vending machine is set at “0” before use and set as an actual value according to a purchase price of the card. By this arrangement, it is possible to prevent theft or illegal use of stolen cards.  
         [0156]    As shown in FIG. 14B, contents security data  130  consists of contents copyright protection data  131 , contents browsing validity information  132  and pointers  133  pointing to the contents stored on the CD  2 .  
         [0157]    Copyright protection data  131  is used to prohibit illegal copying of contents. The area for this data is blank when the contents are unused, and records copy prohibition information downloaded from the server through the Internet for each of contents files when the card is used for the first time. (Copy prohibition information may be a flag, which is “0” for “unused” and “1” for “used”.) Rewriting of the copy inhibition information is prohibited.  
         [0158]    Therefore, the contents of the card  10  can be browsed even at another terminal within the valid number of times of browsing, but the copy prohibition information is sent to the server at the initial use of the card. Therefore, the contents of the card  10  cannot be copied at the terminal now under use or other terminals.  
         [0159]    Browse validity information  132  of the contents is a value set as the number of times each of contents files can be browsed. The number of times of contents browsing can be renewed to the number of times of contents usage conforming to a charge for contents usage (10 times for ¥500, 12 times for ¥1000, for example) by following the specified procedures (by confirmation of reception of usage charge of contents, for example). Normally, for free contents, a special code (X′FF′, for example), which represents unlimited use is set. It may be arranged that the number of times free contents can be browsed is set for each of free contents files, that the set number of times is decremented by one at each browsing and that when the number of times of free browsing reaches zero, the card becomes inoperative. Then, it may further be arranged that the remaining free contents are switched to pay contents, and that the user can browse the contents up to a newly-set number of times by following the specified procedures (by charge payment). That is, for example, a product may be supplied as a free sample for the first use and then as a pay product from the second use on.  
         [0160]    When copyright protection is not provided for each of titles of contents files and only the number of times each card can be used is managed, the browse validity information  132  for the contents is not required.  
         [0161]    Writing copy prohibition information to the copy guard data  122  and copyright protection data  131  of the card security data  120  or checking of the copy prohibition information could be carried out by a security program installed in the terminal. If the security program is deciphered by somebody in that case, however, there are possibilities that the copy guard of the card  10  or the contents copyright protection will be broken and that the card or the contents will be copied illegally. However, a card  10  with the IC  7 ′ including a microprocessor and having a security program stored in the program area  74  of the memory  70 ′ thereof can be used and copy prohibition information can be written or checked in the copy guard data  122  and the copyright protection data  131  by the microprocessor in the IC  7 ′. In this case, the possibility that the security program in the IC  7 ′ will be deciphered is very lower than when the security program is installed in the terminal. Therefore, the likelihood of card copy guard or contents copyright being broken is greatly reduced, which results in effective prevention of illegal copy of cards and contents.  
         [0162]    For copy guard data  122  and copyright protection data, electronic watermark may be used instead of copy prohibition information.  
       Use of Recorded Data by Terminals Different in Access Method  
       [0163]    In description of the examples 4-{circle over (1)} through 4-{circle over (5)}, reading the card  10  by a terminal with the access unit  31  that includes two access means (the access means  34  to the static memory IC  7 ( 7 ′) and the access means  38 ,  39  to the CD  2  as the dynamic storage (see FIG. 4B) has been illustrated. In contrast, as described in the example 4-{circle over (6)}, the IC  7 ( 7 ′) may be accessed to read data by using a portable terminal in some cases, or the CD  2  may be accessed to read its data in a stationary terminal in other cases, depending on the environment in which the card  10  is used.  
         [0164]    For example, save data, such as player information, is stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) of the card  10 , and a game program is stored on the CD  2 . The user manipulates a portable game device (not shown) including a means to access the IC  7 ( 7 ′) in the card  10  to play a game on the basis of the save data such as player information stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′). With a household game device equipped with two access means to access the IC  7 ( 7 ′) and the CD  2  of card  10 , it may be arranged that the user accesses the CD  2  to play a game in accordance with a game program on the CD  2  and that the progress of the game is stored in IC  7 ( 7 ′). In this example, player ID codes (or pointers) are added to the player stored on the CD  2  and also to the player information stored in the IC  7 ( 7 ′) so that the player information in the CD  2  is associated with the player information in the IC  7 ( 7 ′).  
         [0165]    B. Second Embodiment  
         [0166]    1. Outline of Information Management System  
         [0167]    In the second embodiment, digitized contents data (hereinafter referred to simply as contents), including character information such as information contained in dictionaries, literary works, guide books; image information such as information on maps, photos, illustrations, and paintings and sound information such as music are stored in card-type storage media such as CD cards. A card-type storage medium has a storage device provided on one side and prints on the other side. A storage medium having storage devices provided on both sides thereof may be used. In the first embodiment described above, the card  10  as shown in FIG. 1 may be used.  
         [0168]    [0168]FIGS. 15 and 16 show different models of an information management system according to the second embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0169]    The card-type storage mediums having stored free and/or pay contents data (Thus, it is hereafter referred to as a contents card) are distributed free of charge or sold as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. A user, who possesses a contents card, can browse (or audition) the contents stored in the card simply by inserting it into the terminal.  
         [0170]    As shown in FIG. 15, the contents cards  210  distributed free is used chiefly as advertising media, an advertiser  300  commissions a contents production firm  400  to create contents card  210  that contains contents including information for the advertiser&#39;s company&#39;s advertisement or service information such as music. The sponsor himself or herself distributes the cards or asks the production firm (or a firm specializing in distribution) to distribute the cards.  
         [0171]    On the other hand, the contents production firm advertises for sponsors, creates and distributes the contents cards and receives advertising rates. The user can browse or audition the advertisement contents and on condition that the user replies to a questionnaire survey, also browse character information or images or music by simply inserting the contents card  210  into the terminal  240  (or it may be arranged that the user can view or listen to character, image or music information unconditionally).  
         [0172]    In order to induce the user to pay service, it may be arranged that free contents are distributed generally, that the user is charged for use of the contents exceeding a set number of times (or a valid period), and that such use of the contents is recorded on the card as a sales amount.  
         [0173]    In this case, the contents production firm may set up a server  250  to be connected to a network such as the Internet  260 , collect numerical data on a situation of use of the card  210 , and renew the contents.  
         [0174]    As shown in FIG. 16, contents cards  210  may be sold over the counter just like dictionaries, books, magazines, and records, or may be sold through vending machines. By simply inserting a contents card  210  into the terminal  240 , the user can view (or audition) the contents.  
         [0175]    In this case, the contents production firm can supply various free or pay services through the server  250 ′ to be connected to a network such as the Internet  260 , in addition to collecting numerical data on the situation of use of the contents card  260  and renewing the contents. Further, it may be arranged that when the number of times of card use (or a card&#39;s valid period) stored at a time of sale is exceeded, a charge for the surplus is collected (or asked), or that the sales amount is recorded. By replying to a questionnaire survey, the number of times of free card use may be increased, or the charge may be reduced. The server  250  or  250 ′ may either be installed by the contents production firm in FIG. 15 and  16  or may be a machine possessed by a managing entity (service firm) other than the contents production firm. The server may not be installed.  
         [0176]    Embodiments of a contents card, a terminal and a network such as the Internet, that compose an information management system, will be described next.  
         [0177]    2. Contents Card  
         [0178]    2-(1) Contents Card with Storage Formed by an Optical Recording Medium  
         [0179]    [0179]FIG. 17 shows one embodiment of a card-type storage medium (contents card) that has stored contents, taking the form of a non-circular optical storage CD card. In FIG. 17, reference numeral  201  denotes a substrate (made of a nonconductive material (synthetic resin or paper in this example)),  202  an optical storage area capable of optically storing information (and glued to or embedded in the substrate) and  203  a hole formed in the center of the card substrate  201 . Note that in FIG. 17 a contents card  210  is shown which has an optical storage section  202  of non-circular optical storage tracks, but the optical storage section  202  may consists only of circular optical storage tracks.  
         [0180]    In FIG. 17, the contents card  210  takes the form of a visiting card. The card has printed on the front side information representing the detail of contents stored in the optical storage section  202  (character strings and pictures; if the contents concern music, its title, the names of a composer and a singer, his or her photo, and the name of a production firm) as shown in FIG. 17A.  
         [0181]    Further, an arrow mark (a guide for insertion) may be printed on the card, indicating the direction in which the card is inserted into the contents card device. Also, a notice may be printed to the effect that contents stored in the contents card  210  can be read simply by inserting the card into the contents card device, and that contents can be browsed (and auditioned) by inserting the card into an information-writing contents-card device.  
         [0182]    On the back (or front) side of the contents card  210 , as shown in the example of FIG. 17B, the optical storage area  202  is provided, which consists of non-circular optical storage tracks that have stored information required to use contents stored in the optical storage section  202  and contents of character information, sound information and image information.  
         [0183]    [0183]FIGS. 18A, B, C; A′, B′, C each show a composition of the optical storage area  202 . In FIG. 17A, the optical storage area  202  consists of a card identification information area  221 , a contents information area  224 , a free contents area  225 , and a pay contents area  226 . The card identification information area  221  has stored card identification information such as a card number. The contents information area  224  has stored data on the kind, number, being free or pay, and storage address (track number, sector number) of contents. The free contents area  225  has stored free contents, and the pay contents area  226  has stored pay contents.  
         [0184]    [0184]FIG. 18B shows an example that further includes a validity information area  223 . The validity information area  223  stores validity information such as the number of times free contents can be used (browsing or output) or the number of times pay contents can be used. FIG. 18C shows an example that further includes a server address area  222 . The server address area  222  has stored a server address which is required for charging for use of contents, gathering user information, and renewing the contents on the contents card with contents contained in a database.  
         [0185]    While in the above examples the free and pay contents areas  225  and  226  are provided they are not restrictive. For example, a contents area may be provided, which stores only one of the free and pay contents.  
         [0186]    FIGS.  18 A′, B′ and C′ each show a program area  227  provided in the same optical storage area  202  as in FIGS. 17A, B and C for downloading contents on the terminal.  
         [0187]    Programs stored in the program area  227  include programs for browsing (auditioning) contents at the terminal, such as a contents read program for reading into the terminal the contents (compressed data) stored in the contents data area  225 , an expansion program for expanding compressed data, and a contents use count monitoring program for incrementing (decrementing) the number of times of use of free or pay contents based on the validity information  223 .  
         [0188]    In an example of FIG. 26, in which the terminal is connected via a network to the server, which will be described later, the program area  227  has stored, in addition to the above programs, all or some of other programs such as a network connection program, a display program for displaying read contents and/or an output program, a card driver which is used to read/write data from/to a contents card  210  inserted into the terminal, and a program for browsing (auditioning) the contents. Further, the area  227  may store a card driver for control of access to the terminal and a network automatic connection setting program for automatic setting to a network such as the Internet.  
         [0189]    In FIGS. 18A, B, C; A′, B, C, if information on the contents card is not subject to renewal, the optical storage area  202  may include an unrewritable memory. If the contents card is configured such that information is renewable with data from the server as described later, the card number area  221  and the server address area  222  are made unrewritable, and the validity information area  223  through the program area  227  are made rewritable.  
         [0190]    The free and pay contents areas  225  and  226  each can contain only one kind of contents, but normally contain a plurality of contents files. In this case, the free and pay contents are respectively stored in the form of a file in the contents areas  225  and  226 .  
         [0191]    [0191]FIGS. 19A, B and  20 A, B show other embodiments of the contents card. As shown in FIG. 19A, the free contents area  225  has stored a menu-picture contents file  251 , an advertising contents file  252  (of questionnaire information, in this case), and free contents files  253 - 1  through  253 - 10 . As shown in FIG. 19A, the pay contents area  226  has stored a menu-picture contents file  261 , and pay contents  263 - 1  through  263 - 20  (songs, in this case). As illustrated, the free and pay contents are stored in the form of a file in the contents files  225  and  226 , respectively. As shown in FIG. 19B, the kinds of the files (contents) and their storage addresses stored in the contents area  225  are also retained in a contents information area  224 , and referred to by the card driver when the contents are read out.  
         [0192]    When the contents card  210  has the program area  227  which has stored programs (FIGS. 18A, B, C; FIGS.  23 A, A′, B, B′), and if a table that has stored address information of respective contents files (FIG. 20B) is provided in the card driver as one of the programs, the contents information area  224  may be deleted.  
       Examples of Contents Stored in the Contents Card  210  are as Follows  
       [0193]    2-(1)-(A) Free Contents The free contents include advertising information, free music contents, synopses of novels and guide books, award attached quizzes, questionnaire survey, sightseeing maps, housing models, guidebooks regarding public services distributed by public bodies and so on (handy guide books for citizens, for example), and combinations of those contents.  
         [0194]    The free contents are distributed by direct mail or as enclosures in notices sent from municipal offices, over the counter, as supplements to magazines, on the street or at the windows of banks and city offices.  
         [0195]    Further, the contents card  210  may be distributed free in the form of a coupon ticket with which the stored contents can be used for a specified number of times (or a specified length of time). In this case, the number of times of free use (or a length of time of free use) of the contents is stored in the validity information area  223  shown in each of FIGS. 18B, C, B′ and C′. When the contents card  210  is used the specified number of times (length of time)for free use, the card is normally made unusable, but may thereafter be made pay.  
         [0196]    Further, it may be arranged that the contents card  210  itself is made free of charge but the user pays or is charged for use of the contents.  
         [0197]    2-(1)-(B) Pay Contents  
         [0198]    Pay contents covers music and songs; electronic books as including novels, hobbies and cartoons, dictionaries, various guide books including tourist guides, guide books on folkways, archeology, and history, and books of award attached quizzes; traffic maps, city maps and other maps, transportation facilities maps; books of paintings on display sold at art exhibitions, and other books of fine arts which include sculptures and buildings. Those pay contents (sound information, character information, and image information, etc.) are supplied singly or in combination. The pay contents cards may be sold personally by mail or in vending machines. Further, they may be sold as gift certificates.  
         [0199]    In this case, each contents file is made up of a main routine file, in which a synopsis of a whole story is written, and sub-routine files contain information representing required segments of the story in detail. For example, if a cartoon book is supplied as a combination of image information and sound information, the cartoon book file includes a combination of a main routine file describing a whole story of the book and sub-routine files comprising image and acoustic information.  
         [0200]    2-(2) Contents Card including an Electronic Storage Medium and an Optical Storage Medium  
         [0201]    [0201]FIGS. 21A, B and  22 A, B show other embodiments of a card-type storage medium that has stored contents. FIGS. 21A, B show an example of a contents card  11  which has an electronic storage device (an IC circuit glued or embedded) on the front side (or the back side) thereof and an optical storage area (a non-circular CD glued or embedded in this example) on the back side (or the front side) thereof. FIGS. 22A, B show an example of a contents card  211 ′, which has the electronic storage device and optical storage area provided on the same side.  
         [0202]    In FIGS. 21A, B and  22 A, B, reference numerals used are similar to those of FIGS. 17A, B. Reference numeral  201  denotes a substrate;  202  optical storage tracks for optically storing information;  203  a hole provided at the center of the substrate  201 ;  207  an electronic storage device; and  208  terminals for reading or writing therethrough information from or to the electronic storage device  207 . In FIG. 21B, a contents card  211  is depicted which has an optical storage area  202  including non-circular optical storage tracks, but the optical storage area  202  may be made up of circular optical storage tracks.  
         [0203]    In FIG. 21, the contents card  211  takes the form of a visiting card. As shown in FIG. 21A, the card  211  has an IC  207  embedded in the front (or back) side thereof, with printed information indicating the details of the stored contents (a character string or picture): in the case of a map for guiding hot spring resorts, the title of the guide, names and photos of the resorts, the name of the firm that produced the card on the front (or back) side. Like the embodiment mentioned above, an arrow mark may be printed on the card to show an inserting direction of the card into the contents card device or a note may be added to the card to the effect that the contents can be browsed (auditioned) simply by inserting the contents card  211  into the contents card device.  
         [0204]    Provided, as shown in FIG. 21B, on the back (or front) side of the contents card  211  is the optical storage area  202  of non-circular optical storage tracks, which as described later (FIG. 23), has stored character information, sound information, image information, and information necessary for use of the contents stored in the optical storage area  202 .  
         [0205]    [0205]FIGS. 22A, B show that the contents card  211 ′ takes the form of a visiting card as in FIG. 21, and has printed on the front (or back) side thereof information indicating the stored contents therein (a character string and pictures: if the card presents information on a world tour guide, its title, photos of sightseeing sites, trip courses, and a card producer&#39;s firm name), as shown in FIG. 22A.  
         [0206]    The IC  207  and the optical storage area  202  are provided on the back (or front) side of the contents card  211 ′ as shown in FIG. 22B. The IC  207  has stored information and a program necessary for use of the contents stored in the optical storage area  202 . The optical storage area  202  has stored contents, such as character information, sound information and image information, which will be described later in detail (FIGS.  23 A, A′: B, B′).  
         [0207]    FIGS.  23 A, A′, B, B′ show compositions of the storage area and device (examples of storage area layout) of the contents cards  211  and  211 ′ in FIGS. 21A, B and  22 A, B. As shown in FIG. 23A, the IC memory  207  includes a card identification information area  271 , a program area  273  and a contents data area  274 . The card identification information area  271  has stored card identification information, the program area  273  has stored a program for downloading contents on the terminal, and the contents data area  274  has stored character information and simple information.  
         [0208]    As shown in FIG. 23A, the optical storage part  202  has a contents information area  224 ′, a free contents area  225 ′, and a pay contents area  226 ′. The contents information area  224 ′ has stored the kind and number of contents and the storage address (a track number, a sector number) of contents. The free contents area  225 ′ has stored contents of image information, music information or detailed character information. The pay contents area  226 ′ has stored pay contents.  
         [0209]    [0209]FIG. 23B shows an IC memory  207  of a type having a microprocessor and a memory, which includes a card identification information area  271 , an OS area  272 , a program area  273 ′ and a validity information area  275 . The card identification information area  271  has stored card identification information. The OS area  272  has stored the OS (Operating System). The program area  273 ′ has stored programs such as a network connection program, a contents expansion program and an output program for outputting contents data to a buffer of the terminal. The validity area  275  has stored validity information such as the valid available number of times the contents can be used. As shown in FIG. 23B, the optical storage area  202  has a free contents area  225 ′ that has stored contents and a pay contents area  226 ′. In the example in FIG. 23B, instead of storing contents information in the optical storage area  202 , a contents information table (see FIG. 20B) is provided in the card driver as one of the programs stored in the program area  273 ′. Thus, a contents information area is not provided in the optical storage area  202 .  
         [0210]    Examples of contents stored in the contents cards  211  and  211 ′ are as follows  
         [0211]    2-(2)-(A) Free Contents  
         [0212]    Like those free contents of 2-(1)-(A), examples of free contents in this case are advertising information, free music contents, outlines of novels and guide books, award attached quizzes, questionnaires, sightseeing maps, housing models, and guidebooks regarding public services distributed by public bodies, (for example, handy guide books for citizens), and combinations of those contents. By utilizing the fact that the storage medium has the electronic storage device (IC)  207  and the optical storage area  202 , character information (a selective menu, advertising contents, merchandize information, a price list, purchaser names, ordering methods, etc.) may be stored in the contents data area  274  of the electronic storage area  207  on the front side (or on the same side as the optical storage area  202 ). The free contents may be stored in the optical storage area  202  on the back side (or on the same side as the electronic storage area  207 .  
         [0213]    Simple information (the outline of contents on the back side, for example) may be stored in the contents area  274  of the electronic storage area  207  whereas detailed information may be stored in the optical storage area  202  on the back side (or on the same side as the electronic storage device  207 .  
         [0214]    Those contents cards  211  and  211 ′ can be distributed in any one of the methods mentioned above. As in 2-(1)-(A), the contents stored in the contents cards  211  and  211 ′ can be distributed free as a coupon ticket that can be used free of charge for a specified number of times (length of time). As in 2-(1)-(A), the contents card  211  or  211 ′ themselves may be offered free, but the user may pay or be charged for use of the contents.  
         [0215]    2-(1)-(B) Pay Contents  
         [0216]    Like those in 2-(1)-(B), the pay contents in this example include contents of music and songs; electronic books as alternative media of conventional books including novels, hobbies, and cartoons; dictionaries; various guide books on folklore, archaeology, history, etc.; a collection of award attached quizzes; various kinds of maps such as traffic maps, city maps and transportation facilities maps; books of exhibited paintings available at art exhibitions; and other books of fine arts including sculptures and buildings. By making use of the features that the electronic storage part (IC)  207  and the optical storage part  202  together are provided on the card, character information (a selective menu, advertising contents, merchandise information, a price list, purchaser names, ordering methods, etc.) may be stored in the contents data area  274  of the electronic storage device  207  on the front side (or on the same side as the optical storage area  202 ), and pay contents may be stored in the optical storage area  202 ) on the back side (or on the same side as the electronic storage device  207 ). As in 2-(2)-(A) mentioned above, it may be arranged that simple information is stored in the contents data area  274  of the electronic storage device  207  whereas detailed information is stored in the optical storage area  202 .  
         [0217]    As in the contents cards for sale for pay in 2-(1)-(B), character information, image information and sound information in those contents cards  211  and  211 ′ are sold singly or in combinations. The contents cards may be sold in mail-order business or vending machines in addition to face-to-face sale, and may be sold as pay gift certificates.  
         [0218]    3. Terminal for Browsing Contents Cards  
         [0219]    3-(1) Content Card Device  
         [0220]    [0220]FIGS. 24A, B, C show one embodiment of the contents card device connected to (or built in) a terminal for browsing contents. FIG. 24A shows the appearance of a contents card device (in this example, a CD card device  230  configured so as to be accessible to a CD card  210  ( 211 )). FIGS. 24B and 24C each illustrate a contents card drive and read/write operation.  
         [0221]    3-(1)-(A) CD Card Device only Accessible to the Optical Storage Area  
         [0222]    The CD card device has on its front an insert/eject slot  231  for a movable tray (not shown) for guiding thereon the CD card  210  into/away from the CD card device  230 , and a movable tray drive button  232 .  
         [0223]    The CD card device  230  includes therein a CD card drive mechanism and a read/write mechanism  231 ′ as shown in FIG.24B. When the inserted CD card  210  is placed on a fixing table  236  of a card rotating unit, a shaft  238  descends along with an optical reader  239  to fix the CD card  210  to the fixing table  236 . Then, the motor  37  rotates the fixing table  236  along with the CD card  210  placed on the table. The optical reader  239  reads information from the optical storage area  202  of the CD card  210  in accordance with a control signal from a CPU (not shown) built in the terminal or the card reader and outputs an electrical signal. If the optical storage area  202  (or its part) of the CD card is rewritable, the electrical signal (information) can be converted to an optical signal, which can be written to the optical storage area  202 .  
         [0224]    3-(1)-(B) CD Card Device Accessible to the Electronic Storage Device and the Optical Storage Area  
         [0225]    The appearance of the CD card device used in this embodiment and its CD card inserting and ejecting operations are the same as in FIGS. 24A, B, C. The contents card drive mechanism and read/write mechanism  231 ″ each include an IC reader  234 , which when the mechanism  231 ″ is at standstill, electrically contacts the IC  207  provided on the front side (or on the same side as the optical storage area) of the CD card to transmit and receive information to and from the IC  207 .  
         [0226]    When the CD card  210  ( 211 ) is fixed to the fixing table  236 , the motor  237  is driven to thereby rotate the fixing table  236  and the CD card  210  ( 211 ) mounted on the table. The optical reader  239  reads information from optical storage part  202  of the DC card  210  ( 211 ) and outputs an electrical signal in accordance with control signals. If the optical storage area  202  (or its part) of the CD card  210  ( 211 ) is rewritable, the electrical signal (information) can be converted into an optical signal, which can be written into the optical storage area  202 .  
         [0227]    If the IC  207  is provided and when the CD card  211  is not rotating (in other words, when its rotation starts, stops or is already terminated), the IC reader  34  moves at a predetermined timing (thus bringing the terminals of the IC reader  234  into contact with the terminals of the IC  207  embedded in the underside of the CD card  211  in FIG. 24C), to read/write data (stored information) from/to the IC  207 .  
         [0228]    In other words, the CD card device  230  as shown in FIGS. 24A, B, C can be used as a data input device of a terminal such as a personal computer to read and reproduce data from the optical storage area  202  (and the IC  207 ) of the CD card  210  ( 211 ) so as to be used in a specified application.  
         [0229]    [0229]FIG. 24C illustrates an internal mechanism of the terminal that reads information from the optical storage area  202  and the IC  207  provided on the opposite sides of the card. The terminal may be configured so as to read information (FIGS. 20A, B) from the optical storage area  202  and the IC  207  provided on the same side of the card, by disposing the IC reader  234  on the same side as the optical reader  239 .  
         [0230]    While in the example of FIGS. 24A, B, C the single-unit type card device  230  is shown which reads data from the optical storage area and reads/writes data from/to the IC  207  of the CD card  211 , the card device is not limited to this type. For example, a CD card device may be used to read data from the optical storage area  202  of the card  211  by rotating the CD card  211 , whereas an IC read/write device separated from the CD card device may be used to read data from the IC  207  of the card.  
         [0231]    3-(2) Terminal Device foBrowsing the Contents Card  
         [0232]    [0232]FIGS. 25A, B, C each show an example of a terminal for browsing a contents card. In one example, a CD card device  230  accessible to the CD card  210  ( 211 ) is connected to, or built in, the terminal.  
         [0233]    As shown in FIGS. 25A, B, C, terminals that browse a contents card include a personal computer  241 , and a CD card device  230  of FIG. 24A connected to, or built in, the personal computer  241 ; a stationary terminal  241 ′ that has therein built a CD card device  230  such as shown in FIG. 24A and is installed in a place where people are easy to collect, for example, a station, supermarket, department store or convenience store (FIG. 25B); and a portable-type mobile terminal (a personal digital assitant or a portable telephone)  241 ″ that has therein built a CD card device  230  (FIG. 25C).  
         [0234]    The personal computer  241  is equipped with a sound output unit. The stationary terminal  241 ′ comprises a computer that includes a plurality of operation keys, a display monitor, a sound output unit, a charge collection mechanism ( 367  in FIG. 30) including a charge collection slot  245 ′, and a card insert/discharge slot  246 ′. As described later (FIGS. 27A, B;  30 ), those terminals may be used not only for browsing contents cards, but also for selling contents cards, renewing the valid number of times (or a valid period) of use of contents, renewing the contents, and collecting data on a result of a questionnaire survey. The portable-type mobile terminal is equipped with a display monitor and a sound output unit.  
         [0235]    As shown in FIG. 15 or  16 , when the CD card  210  ( 211 ) is inserted into the CD card device  230 , the terminal  241 ,  241 ′ or  241 ″ reads contents from the CD card  210  ( 211 ) and stores the contents into a buffer memory of the terminal, displays data on the monitor for browsing purposes, and audibly outputs the data simultaneously or at a specified timing.  
         [0236]    Further, as shown in FIG. 15 or  16 , if the terminal  241 ,  241 ′ or  241 ″ is connectable to a network such as the Internet (the Internet  260  in this example) and when the contents card  210  is inserted into the terminal  241 ,  241 ′ or  241 ″, the appropriate terminal is connected to the server  250  ( 250 ′). The server  250 ( 250 ′) can charge the user or the advertiser for services offered by the server, transmit a contents card browsing program, and renew the contents.  
         [0237]    The stationary terminal of FIG. 25B may be configured to have a charge collection slot  245 ′ and a charge receiving device (not shown) so that the user can insert the CD card  210 ( 211 ) into the slot after throwing in a proper charge to thereby browse pay contents (or after inserting the CD card and throwing in a proper charge, the user can browse corresponding pay contents).  
         [0238]    3-(3) Arrangement of a Contents Card Browsing Program  
         [0239]    The contents browsing program can be arranged in different places as follows:  
         [0240]    {circle over (1)} A card driver consisting of programs for control of access to a contents card and a program for browsing a contents card have been installed in the terminal. That is, the terminal has been set so as to be connectable to a network such as the Internet and both an Internet connection program such as a WWW browser and the browser program for contents cards have been installed in the terminal;  
         [0241]    {circle over (2)} A card driver and contents browsing programs have been stored in the contents card. More specifically, a card driver, a connection program to connect to a network such as the Internet, contents-card browsing programs and an automatic connection-establishing program for a connection between the terminal and a network such as the Internet have been stored in the program area  227  in FIGS.  18 A′, B′ and C′. When a contents card is inserted into the terminal, the terminal extracts programs from the contents card:  
         [0242]    {circle over (3)} The server  250 ( 250 ′) (FIGS. 15 and 16) possesses a card driver, a connection program to connect to a network such as the Internet, contents-card browsing programs, and an automatic connection-establishing program for connection between the terminal and the network. After a contents card is inserted into the terminal and when the server is connected to the terminal via the Internet, the programs are downloaded from the center machine  250 ( 250 ′) to the terminal;  
         [0243]    {circle over (4)} A card driver has been installed in the terminal, and a connection of the terminal with the network has been established. Contents-browsing programs are provided in the contents card or the server  250 ( 250 ′). In this case, the terminal extracts the browsing programs from the contents card or downloads them from the server  250 ( 250 ′) (step P 3  in FIG. 27); FIGS.  34 A, B):  
         [0244]    {circle over (5)} A microcomputer is provided in the contents card whereas a card driver, a connection program to connect to a network such as the Internet, contents-card browsing programs, and an automatic connection-establishing program to establish a connection from the terminal to the network are stored in the program area  273 ′ in FIG. 23B.  
         [0245]    In the case of {circle over (1)}, since the contents-card browsing programs have been installed in the terminal, the user can browse a contents card simply by inserting the card into the terminal. If a program for browsing a contents card varies depending on the kind of the contents card, it is necessary to previously install those programs for browsing contents cards corresponding to the kinds of contents cards. The card driver is required to have versatility, which imposes a very high load on the memory of the terminal.  
         [0246]    Therefore, the case {circle over (1)} is suitable for the terminal  241 ′ dedicated to browsing a contents card as shown in FIG. 25B. However, if the personal computer  241  is used as a terminal for browsing a contents card in FIG. 25A and if the mobile terminal  241 ″ is used as a terminal for browsing a contents card as shown in FIG. 25C, an increased load is imposed on the program memory. Renewing the contents card browsing program can be troublesome as the case may be.  
         [0247]    In contrast, in the case {circle over (2)} the terminal is required to have a program loading means (program) to extract the contents card browsing program from the contents card and to write the program into the RAM. The RAM can beforehand store a card driver dedicated to the contents card and a browsing program for the stored contents. The problem seen in the case {circle over (1)} will not occur. A decrease in the storage capacity efficiency of the contents card is prevented.  
         [0248]    Also, even in the case {circle over (3)} the terminal is required to have a program upload means (program) that receives the contents card browsing program from the sever  250  and writes the program into the RAM. Since the RAM can also beforehand store a card driver dedicated to the contents card and a browsing program for the stored contents, the problems seen in the case {circle over (1)} will not occur. A decrease in the storage capacity efficiency of the contents card is prevented.  
         [0249]    Since the terminal has installed the card driver therein in the case {circle over (4)} and the contents card or server  250  ( 250 ′) has stored the contents browsing programs, the terminal can acquire or receive the card driver in a short time to thereby shorten the overhead time. A decrease in the storage capacity efficiency of the contents card is prevented.  
         [0250]    Since in the case {circle over (5)} the contents card connects via the terminal concerned to the network and prepares to browse the contents, the terminal is required to have a buffer memory used for sending/receiving data to/from the network, a display buffer memory for browsing purposes, and/or an acoustic output buffer memory. Thus, the problem seen in the case {circle over (1)} will not occur. Especially, this case {circle over (5)} is suitable for browsing the contents card in a mobile terminal having a small memory capacity.  
         [0251]    While in the above descriptions the CD card device is illustrated as a contents card device that is connected to, or built in, the contents card browsing terminal, the contents card device is not limited to the CD card device (for example, the contents card device may be an IC card device accessible to an IC card that includes an IC embedded therein or attached thereto. Alternatively, it may be a DVD device that reads data stored on a DVD or an MD device that reads data stored on an MD).  
         [0252]    4. Information Managing System Using a Network  
         [0253]    4-(1) Composition  
         [0254]    [0254]FIG. 26 illustrates a composition of one embodiment of a network system including an information managing system according to the present invention. The network includes the Internet  260 . As an example, the network system  600  comprises a server  250  ( 250 ′) with a database  280  (FIG. 28) connected to the Internet  260 , a plurality of user terminals (personal computers)  241  (FIG. 25A) connected to the Internet  260  through a server  262 , and a plurality of stationary terminals  241 ′ connected via a server  264  to the Internet. A plurality of mobile terminals  241 ″ may be connected wirelessly to a server  263  that is connected to the Internet  260 . A network system  600  may be constituted so as to include the server  250  ( 250 ′) connected to the Internet  260  and the plurality of mobile terminals  241 ″ connected to the Internet  260  via the server  263 .  
         [0255]    4-(2) Sales of Contents Using a Network  
         [0256]    A method of selling pay contents on a contents card using the network system of FIG. 26 will be described based on a flowchart of FIGS. 27A and B. It is assumed that the terminals  241 ,  241 ′ and  241 ″ each comprise a card driver installed therein and that a contents card (CD card  210 ,  211  or  211 ′) has stored programs necessary for browsing the contents (FIGS.  18 A′, B′ and C′; FIG. 21A).  
         [0257]    Step P 1  (Acquisition of Contents Card)  
         [0258]    In FIG. 27A, the user acquires a free contents card from free distributions or supplements to magazines, or enclosures of direct mails, or buys a pay contents card  210 ,  211  or  211 ′ from a contents card selling machine (or a stationary terminal) (FIG. 25B). These contents cards are shown in FIGS. 17A, B; FIGS. 21A, B; FIGS. 22A, B.  
         [0259]    Step P 2  (Use of Contents Card)  
         [0260]    When the user desires to browse (audition) contents stored on the contents card, the user starts up any one of the terminals  241 ,  241 ′ and  241 ″ and inserts the card into the started-up terminal. When the terminal  241 ′ is used, a menu “Contents Browse” should be selected from the displayed menu (FIG. 32).  
         [0261]    Step P 3  (Extract Contents Browsing Program)  
         [0262]    When the contents card is inserted into the terminal, the card driver, which is already installed along with the Internet connection program in the terminal, extracts the contents browsing program stored in a program area  227  ( 271 ) of the card and stores it in the RAM of the terminal (FIG. 32). Alternatively, arrangement may be such that the card driver, Internet connection program and contents browsing program stored in the contents card are read out for utilizing purposes. Also, alternatively, the card driver beforehand installed in the terminal may read the Internet connection program and contents browsing program stored in the contents card for utilizing purposes.  
         [0263]    Further, alternatively, the card driver and the Internet connection program may be installed in the terminal and the contents browsing program may be downloaded from the server  250  ( 250 ′) to the terminal. The card driver, the Internet connection program and the contents browsing program may be downloaded from the server  250  ( 250 ′). Furthermore, alternatively, the card driver may be installed beforehand in the terminal, and the Internet connection program and the contents browsing program may be downloaded from the server  250  ( 250 ′) (FIG. 33B).  
         [0264]    Step P 4  (Selection of Pay Contents Browsing)  
         [0265]    When the user selects browsing of pay contents in a contents selection menu (FIG. 31C) displayed by the contents browsing program, the control passes to step P 6 .  
         [0266]    Step P 5  (Selection of Free Contents Browsing)  
         [0267]    When the user selects browsing free contents in the contents selection menu (FIG. 31C) displayed by the contents browsing program, the control passes to step P 7 . If otherwise, the processing ends.  
         [0268]    Step P 6  (Determination of a Remaining Valid Usable Count in the Card)  
         [0269]    The terminal examines the remaining valid usable count of the card stored in a valid area  223  based on the browsing program. If the remaining valid count is larger than zero, the control passes to step P 7 . If otherwise, the control passes to step P 8 . When a card having no validity information area  223  (FIG. 18A′) is read, the control passes to step P 7 .  
         [0270]    The use of the validity information stored in the validity information area  223  is not limited to the valid usable count of the card, but may be used for a valid usable term of the card. If the validity information is on the valid usable term of the card, it is determined whether the present date is within the valid usable term of the card in step P 6 . If it is, the control passes to step P 7 . If otherwise, the control passes to step P 8 . If the validity information involves the term of use of the card, the present date and the remaining hours when the card can be used are checked in step P 6 . If the remaining usable time of the card is larger than zero, the control passes to step P 7 . If otherwise, the control passes to P 8 .  
         [0271]    Step P 7  (Contents Browsing)  
         [0272]    When it is confirmed in step P 6  that the card is valid, the terminal reads contents information (FIGS.  18 ′, B′ and C′) stored in the contents information area  224 , using the browsing program, extracts menu picture contents  251 , and displays a corresponding menu. When the user selects a desired menu item, the terminal reads contents corresponding to the selected menu item from a free contents area  225  ( 225 ′) or a pay contents area  226  ( 226 ′) of the contents card, expands the contents, and then displays the contents on the display  165  or outputs audibly from the acoustic output  166 . At this time, when the user terminates the contents browsing operation, the terminal writes a value representing the valid count minus one over the validity information area  223  (or renews the data stored in the validity information area  223  with the remaining valid usable count. Step P 11  is next. If the contents card has no validity information area  223 , the valid usable count is not decremented. When the validity information involves the valid usable hours of the card, the terminal writes a value representing the original valid usable hours minus the hours used (the remaining valid usable hours) over the validity information area  223 .  
         [0273]    Step P 8  (Selection of Valid Count Recovery)  
         [0274]    When it is confirmed in step P 6  that the card is invalid, the terminal displays on the display monitor a method and charge for renewing the valid count based on the browsing program. When the user desires the “valid count renewal”, the user comes to a nearby stationary terminal and renews the valid count in step P 10  (when no valid count is renewed, the contents card cannot be used. Thus, the card is discarded by the user). When the valid term of the card expires or the valid usable hours of the card is smaller than predetermined hours, the card is discarded similarly.  
         [0275]    Step P 9  (Preparation for Renewal of Card by Stationary Terminal)  
         [0276]    Since the stationary terminal  241 ′ displays a guide picture  171 , as shown in FIG. 31A in step P 8 , the user selects an icon “Renew valid count”  174 , and then inserts the contents card into the card receiver  246 ′ in the stationary terminal  241 ′. In response, the terminal  241  displays a picture  174 ′ where selectable valid usable counts of the card to be renewed, and corresponding renewal charges are as shown in FIG. 31D. The user selects a desired count with keys or the like.  
         [0277]    Step P 10  (Renewal of the Valid Usable Count of Card)  
         [0278]    When the user inserts a coin or bill (or note) corresponding to the selected renewal charge selected in step P 9  into insert slot  245 ′ (FIG. 25B), the stationary terminal  241 ′ adds an valid usable count corresponding to the paid amount of money to the valid information area of the contents card.  
         [0279]    Step P 11  (Determination of Browse End)  
         [0280]    When the user terminates the browsing operation, the contents browsing program terminates the browsing process. When the user browses the next contents, the control passes to step P 4 .  
         [0281]    In the step of FIG. 27, the contents production or sales firm  400  can sell the contents stored on the contents card in advance payment based on the renewal of the valid usable count (term or hours) of the contents card in the stationary terminal  241 ′ (steps P 7  and P 8 ).  
         [0282]    When the contents are sold, the sales (collected price) is sent to the server  250  ( 250 ′). Thus, the server  250  ( 250 ′) can periodically sum up the sales volumes for each of contents files. Also, a dividend to be paid to the owner of the stationary terminal  241 ′ can be calculated periodically, for example, monthly. In addition, a questionnaire and the card identification information are sent to the server  250  ( 250 ′). Thus, the contents production firm can grasp the situation of contents use, plans contents production, determines advertisement rates, and creates a report to be sent to advertisers.  
         [0283]    As shown in the flowchart of FIG. 27B, it may be arranged such that free contents can be browsed a predetermined number of times over which the contents are changed to pay ones. Thus, when the user selects the free contents in FIG. 27A (step P 4 →P 5 ), a message appears that includes “You can enjoy browing the free contents a predetermined number of times from now, but the contents are then changed to pay ones. You can continue to browse the contents if you agree to the change of the free contents to pay contents. If otherwise, you cannot any longer continue to enjoy browsing the contents after browing a predetermined number of times. You are requested to determine whether to agree to the change of the free contents to the pay contents” (step P 5 - 2 ) If the user selects the pay contents, the controller rewrites information on the free contents of the contents information  224  (FIGS. 18A, B, C; A′, B′, C′) from “free” to “pay”. The control then passes to step P 8  (step P 5 - 3 ).  
         [0284]    When the user does not agree to the change from the free contents to the pay contents in step P 5 - 2 , the number of times of use (usable count) of the free contents in the validity information  223  (FIGS. 18A, B, C; A′, B′, C′) is render zero after the free contents are browsed the predetermined number of times and the free contents are rendered unusable (unbrowsable) (step P 5 - 4 ).  
         [0285]    In order to prevent unjust use of the count of the card in the process of FIG. 27, the remaining valid count (or hours) obtained in step P 3  may be written over a predetermined one of the constant-number areas for the programs stored in the program area  227 . When a value in the constant-number area does not coincide with the data in the validity information area  223  in the card validity determination in step P 4 , the contents card may be invalidated as an unjust card. The valid count may be managed by the server  250  ( 250 ′) via the Internet  260  without providing such validity information area in the contents card. In this case, starting-up of the Internet connection program and establishment of communicative connection between the stationary terminal  241 ′ and the server  250  ( 250 ′) through the Internet  260  should be made in step P 3  or between steps P 2  and P 3 .  
         [0286]    4-(3) Composition of the Server used in the Network  
         [0287]    [0287]FIG. 23 illustrates a composition of the server  250  ( 250 ′), which comprises a controller  251 , a communication control  252 , a data transmission unit  253 , a data input/output unit  254 , a sales data recorder  255 , a questionnaire data recorder  256 , a contents renewer  257 , and a sales spread sheet/other creator  258 .  
         [0288]    Controller  251  comprises a CPU, a RAM, a program storage memory and peripheral circuits. The communication controller  252  controls communication between the controller  251  and the Internet  260 . The data transmission unit  253  comprises a plurality of reception buffers each for receiving data from a respective one of a plurality of stationary terminals and sends renewed contents to the stationary terminal. The data input/output unit  254  accesses the database  280 . The sales data recorder  255  records sales amounts of the cards and their contents in a file of sales amount  281  of each device or terminal and a file of sales amount by contents type  282 , respectively, to create detailed data to be written into a detailed data file  283 . The questionnaire data recorder  256  creates file data to be written into the questionnaire file  284  based on a result of a questionnaire survey concerned. The contents renewer  257  renews contents stored in contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n . The spread sheet/others creator  258  creates a sales spread sheet and a sales trend survey table based on the file of sales amount  281  of each device or terminal and the file of sales amount by contents  282 , and also creates a user&#39;s usage trend analysis table based on the questionnaire file  284 .  
         [0289]    The communication controller  252 , data transmission unit  253 , sales data recorder  255 , questionnaire data recorder  256 , contents renewer  257 , and sales spread sheet/others creator  258  may be created by corresponding programs and stored in the program storage memory so that they can be executed under control of controller  251 .  
         [0290]    The server  250  ( 250 ′) may be connected to the database  280  directly or via the Internet  260 . The database  280  comprises the files of sales amount  281  of the respective devices or terminals, files of sales amount by contents type  282 , detailed-data file  283 , questionnaire file  284 , and contents files  285 - 1  to  286 - n . The file of sales amount  281  of each device or terminal stores a sales amount (its collected price) by stationary terminal  241 ′ connected to the server  250  ( 250 ′) via the Internet  260 . The file of sales amount by contents type  282  stores a sales amount by contents type (its collected price). Detailed-data file  283  stores data on the details of the sales amount and renewed usable counts (of contents). The questionnaire file  284  stores a result of the questionnaire survey. The contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n  each store data on the contents. In the case of a system in which the browsing program  286  is sent from the server  250  ( 250 ′) to a terminal into which the contents card is inserted, browsing programs  286  should be stored in the database  280 . When a WWW browser is used as the browsing program in the Internet, the programs each may be composed of a HTML file and the contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n  may each be a data file related to a HTML file.  
         [0291]    4-(4) Composition of the Database  
         [0292]    FIGS.  29 A-E each illustrate a composition of data stored in each of the files stored in the database  280 . As shown in FIG. 29A, data on a file of sales amount  810  of each device or terminal comprises a device number column  811  that stores a device (or ID) number of a stationary terminal  241 ′ and a daily payment receipt list  812  that stores a daily payment receipt amount (sales) for each terminal  241 ′.  
         [0293]    As shown in FIG. 29B, data on a file of sales amount by contents type  820  comprises a contents No. column  821  that stores a contents No. (or ID No.) and a monthly sales column  822  that stores a monthly sales of contents.  
         [0294]    As shown in FIG. 29C, the detailed-data file  830  comprises a date column  831  that stores a payment receipt date (sales data), a device No. column  832  that stores a device No. of stationary terminal  241 ′, a contents No. column  833  that stores a contents No., a section column  834  that stores data on a sales section of one of a card sales, a valid usable count renewal charge, and a contents renewal charge, and an amount of money column  835  that stores an actual collected payment receipt (sales price).  
         [0295]    As shown in FIG. 29D, the questionnaire file data  840  comprises a device No. column  841 , a fundamental item column  842 , and a contents item column  843 . Device No. column  841  stores a device No. of stationary terminal  241 ′. Fundamental item column  842  stores data on a result of a fundamental questionnaire survey such as a sex, age, occupation, a motive of use of contents, a card acquiring method, a card acquiring place, etc. for the card user. Contents item column  843  stores data on a result of the questionnaire survey about the kind of contents browsed, favorite contents, contents considered good, contents that the user wants to buy, unfavorable contents, a desired price zone, good or bad advertisement, etc.  
         [0296]    As shown in FIG. 29E, contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n  each comprise a contents No. column  851  that stores a contents No., a program ID column  852  that stores a browsing program ID used to browse or audition contents, a usage charge column  853  that stores data on a standard (fixed) usage charge, and a contents column  854  that stores contents.  
         [0297]    When the contents include a plurality of subcontents files, a pointer column  855  may be provided that stores addresses where the plurality of subcontents files are stored.  
         [0298]    4-(5) Composition of Stationary Terminal for Contents Sales  
         [0299]    [0299]FIG. 30 shows a composition of a stationary terminal for contents sales, which has functions of selling contents cards, browsing contents, renewing a valid usable count (term or deadline) of contents, adding and renewing the contents, and collecting a result of a questionnaire survey. The terminal will be described next.  
         [0300]    Terminal  241 ′ comprises a controller  361 , a communication control unit  362 , a data transmission unit  363 , a key-in unit  364 , a display (monitor)  365 , an acoustic output  366 , a charge collector  367 , a contents browser  368 , a renewer  369 , and a contents card device  370 .  
         [0301]    Controller  361  comprises a CUP, a RAM, a program storage memory and peripheral circuits. Communication control unit  362  controls communication between terminal  241 ′ and the Internet  260 . Data transmission unit  363  sends commands/data to the server  250  ( 250 ′) and receives renewed additional contents from the server  250  ( 250 ′). Key-in unit  364  comprises menu selection or questionnaire response keys or a mouse. Display (monitor)  365  displays a menu, message, and/or contents in browsing. Acoustic output  366  outputs music/voice audibly during manipulation of the terminal or contents browsing. Charge collector  367  collects the price for cards sold, a charge for pay contents browse, a charge for browsing pay contents, and charges for renewal of the valid usable count of contents, and addition/renewal of contents, and produces corresponding signals. Contents browser  368  executes contents browsing when the user selects a contents browsing menu. Renewer  369  renews the contents and a valid usable count of the contents. Contents card device  370  comprises a contents card device  230  of FIG. 24.  
         [0302]    Charge collector  367  comprises a charge collection slot  245  of FIG. 25B. Contents card device  370  has a card insert/discharge slot  246 ′. When stationary terminal  241 ′ also has a function of a contents selling machine, it comprises a plurality of card stockers (not shown) each for stocking a respective one of kinds of contents cards and a conveying mechanism (not shown) that extracts a selected contents card and conveys it to the card insert/discharge slot  246 .  
         [0303]    Preferably, stationary terminal  241 ′ for contents sales is installed in a convenience store, a station, a department store or a supermarket or on a street.  
         [0304]    4-(6) Operation of Stationary Terminal for Contents Sales  
         [0305]    [0305]FIG. 32 illustrates a flowchart of operation of the stationary terminal  241 ′.  
         [0306]    Step S 201  (Display of a guide picture and user&#39;s selection)  
         [0307]    It is assumed that terminal  241 ′ is in operation and connected to the Internet  260 . When no contents card is used, it displays on a display unit  365  a guide picture  171  indicating that terminal  241 ′ is a contents sales terminal.  
         [0308]    When the user specifies with keys one of a card purchase icon  172 , a usage icon  173 , a valid count renewal icon  174 , and a contents renewal icon  175 , key-in unit  364  sends a corresponding signal to controller  361 .  
         [0309]    Step S 202  (Determination of user&#39;s operation)  
         [0310]    Controller  361  checks a signal from key-in unit  364 . If the signal indicates “card purchase”, the control passes to step S 203 . If the signal indicates “usage”, the control passes to step S 205 . If the signal indicates “renewal of a valid usable count”, the control passes to step S 207 . If the signal indicates “contents renewal”, the control passes to step S 217 .  
         [0311]    Step S 203  (Sales of Contents Cards)  
         [0312]    The controller  361  displays a contents sales picture of FIG. 31B. When the user selects a desired contents card and puts am amount of money corresponding to the price of the contents into a money insert slot  245 ′, the controller  361  extracts the selected contents card from the contents cards stocked on the card stocker and delivers it to the card discharge slot  246 ′. The terminal  241 ′ may be composed such that when the user selects a contents card, its brief or extract can be displayed or auditioned.  
         [0313]    Step S 204  (Send Sales Data)  
         [0314]    Controller  361  sends the server  250  ( 250 ′) data comprising information on a sales of the contents card sold in step S 203  via the data transmission unit  363 , the communication control unit  362  and the Internet  260 , and then returns the control to step S 225 . The data comprises the information on the sales of the cards further comprises the device No. of the terminal  241 ′, the contents No. of the sold contents, data on the kind of the sold contents cards (for example, “1”), and the sales volume of the contents (if the contents cards contains different contents except for subcontents, their respective sales volumes).  
         [0315]    Data on the sales volume of the contents cards is not sent to the server  250  ( 250 ′) each time the contents cards are sold, but may be stored in memory and sent in a lump periodically to the server  250  ( 250 ′).  
         [0316]    Step S 205  (Browse the Contents)  
         [0317]    The contents browser  368  extracts the contents browsing program stored in the program area  227  ( 273 ,  273 ′) of the contents card into RAM in a manner similar to that performed in step P 3  of FIG. 27, and then starts up the contents browsing program under control of the controller  361 . The browser  368  determines whether the contents card is valid. If it is, the browser  368  reads contents information stored in the contents information area  224  (FIGS.  18 A′, B′ and C′), and then extracts menu picture contents  251 . The browser displays a browsing contents-selecting menu of FIG. 31C. When the user selects a desired menu item, the browser extracts contents corresponding to the selected menu item from the contents data area  225  of the contents card, expands the contents, and displays them on the display  365  (or outputs them audibly from the acoustic output  366 ). Then, the user browses or auditions the selected contents in steps similar to steps P 6 -P 11 .  
         [0318]    Step S 206  (Calculation and Renewal of the Remaining Valid Usable Counts)  
         [0319]    When the user terminates the contents browsing operation, the controller  361  writes a value representing the valid usable count minus  1  (the remaining valid count) over the valid information area  223  and then passes the control to step S 222 .  
         [0320]    In this case, the card ID information and the browsed contents No. may be stored in the memory and sent at a predetermined time via the Internet  260  to the server  250  ( 250 ′).  
         [0321]    It may be arranged that when the questionnaire survey is to be replied to, the usable count of the card is not be decremented, but incremented, and that the card ID information, the browsed contents No. and the result of the questionnaire survey are stored in the memory, and sent to the server via the Internet  260  at a predetermined time.  
         [0322]    Step S 207  (Detection of Card Insertion)  
         [0323]    When the user selects an icon  174  in step S 201 , the stationary terminal  241 ′ displays or audibly outputs a message that urges the user to insert the contents card. When the user inserts the contents card, the terminal  241 ′ detects the card and sends a signal indicative of the card insertion to the controller  361 .  
         [0324]    Step S 208  (Display and Select a Valid Usable Count Picture)  
         [0325]    In this step, a valid usable count select picture  174 ′ of FIG. 3  1 D is displayed. The user selects a desired count from the displayed renewal counts with keys or the mouse.  
         [0326]    Step S 209  (Determine Whether the Collected Charge is Proper)  
         [0327]    When the user puts an amount of money for the contents price displayed on the picture or output audibly in step S 208  into the money insert slot  245 ′ (FIG. 25B), the money collector  367  of the terminal  241 ′ checks to see whether the put amount of money coincides with the displayed charge. If it does, the control passes to step S 210 . If the put amount of money exceeds the displayed charge, the changes returns to the money discharge slot  245 ′ whereas if the put amount of money is less than the displayed charge, the user is required to put a shortage into the money insert slot  245 ′.  
         [0328]    Step S 210  (Renew the Valid Count)  
         [0329]    The controller  361  adds a valid usable count corresponding to the paid amount of money to the valid information area  223  ( 275 ) of the inserted contents card, and stores information on the collected charge in the memory.  
         [0330]    Step S 211  (Selection of Whether the User Replies to a Questionnaire Survey)  
         [0331]    The controller  361  displays on the display  365  “When you reply to a questionnaire survey, your contents are renewed free” and related select icons. When the user selects an icon that indicates user&#39;s agree to replying to the questionnaire, the control passes to step S 212 . If otherwise, the control passes to step S 216 . Alternatively, the controller  361  may display on the display  365  “If you agree to replying to the questionnaire survey, the contents of your card are renewed at a discount” and related select icons. In this case, when the user selects an icon that indicates the user&#39;s agree to replying to the questionnaire survey, the controller  361  returns the user an amount of money representing the difference between the discounted and undiscounted charges. The control then passes to step S 212 .  
         [0332]    Step S 212  (Questionnaire Survey)  
         [0333]    The controller  361  displays a questionnaire picture (not shown), obtains information through the questionnaire from the user, and stores a result of the questionnaire survey in the memory.  
         [0334]    Step S 213  (Connection to the Internet and Transmission of a Result of the Questionnaire Survey)  
         [0335]    The controller  361  connects to the Internet  260  and sends the server  250  ( 250 ′) data on a result of the questionnaire survey and information on the renewed valid usable contents charge. The data on a result of the questionnaire survey further includes the device No. of the terminal  241 ′, and a data kind code (for example, “2” implying “questionnaire and data”). The information on the renewed contents charge further comprises the device No. of the terminal  241 ′, contents No., a data kind code (for example “3”) implying a renewed valid usable count charge, and a charge for renewal of the contents card (if the contents card contains different contents except for subcontents, the respective charges for renewal of the different contents).  
         [0336]    Arrangement may be such that the controller  361  displays on the display  365  “If you agree to replying to the questionnaire survey, your valid usable count is incremented” and corresponding select icons, that when the user selects an icon indicating your agree to replying to the questionnaire survey, the controller  361  displays a questionnaire picture (not shown), and that when the user replies to the questionnaire, the controller  361  adds a predetermined valid count to the valid information column  223  ( 275 ) of the contents card, and then sends a result of the questionnaire survey to the server  250  ( 250 ′).  
         [0337]    Step P 214  (Reception of Renewed Contents)  
         [0338]    When the server  250  ( 250 ′) receives data on a result of the questionnaire sent in step S 213  and the contents of the database corresponding to those of the contents card have been renewed, the server  250  ( 250 ′) sends the renewed contents to the terminal  241 ′ (FIG. 33) and the terminal  241 ′ receives the renewed contents.  
         [0339]    Step S 215  (Renewal of the Contents of the Contents Card)  
         [0340]    The renewer  369  writes the contents received in step S 214  over the contents data area  225  ( 225 ′) of the inserted contents card (or renews the contents of the contents card) under control of the controller  361 . Step S 225  is next.  
         [0341]    When in step S 212  the controller  361  displays on the display  365  “When you agree to replying to the questionnaire survey, your valid usable count is incremented” and corresponding select icons, no contents are renewed free and the server  250  ( 250 ′) sends no renewed contents to the terminal.  
         [0342]    Step S 216  (Send Information on Collected Charge for Renewed Valid Count)  
         [0343]    The controller  361  connects to the Internet  260  and sends the server  250  ( 250 ′) data on a charge for the valid usable count renewal. The data on a charge for the valid usable count renewal further includes data on the device No. of the terminal  241 ′ concerned, the contents No., a data kind code (for example, “3”) indicating a valid usable contents renewal charge data, and the sales price of the contents (if the contents card contains different contents files, the collected charges for renewal of the respective contents files of the card), the card ID information stored in the card ID information area  221  of the contents card, and the collected charge information, and then passes the control to step S 225 .  
         [0344]    Alternatively, the terminal  241 ′ may store such information accumulatively and connect to the Internet  260  periodically to send the server  250  ( 250 ′) in a lump the card ID information and the collected charge information stored in the memory so far without sending such information to the server each time the charge concerned is collected.  
         [0345]    Step S 217  (Display of Contents Renewal Picture)  
         [0346]    When the icon  175  is selected in step S 222 , the controller  361  displays a menu picture  171  for renewing the contents, as shown by FIG. 31E. In this example, the controller  31  controls the contents card device  370  to display the names of contents {circle over (1)}, {circle over (2)} , . . . stored in the contents information area  224  ( 224 ′) of the contents card. Newly created, addable contents may be displayed in a menu.  
         [0347]    Step S 218  (Specify Renewal Contents)  
         [0348]    When the user specifies and selects one or more contents on a menu picture  171 , for example, using keys, the controller  361  stores in the memory the specified contents No(s). (when the menu No. “0” is specified, all the displayed contents Nos. are held). When additional contents are specifyable and selectable, and additional contents are specified, the contents No. is held.  
         [0349]    Step S 219  (Send Selected Contents No.)  
         [0350]    When selection of renewal contents in step S 218  ends, the controller  361  sends the server  250  ( 250 ′) via the Internet  260  the contents No. stored in the memory in step S 218 , the device No. of the terminal  241 ′, a data kind code indicating “contents renewal specifying data” (for example, “4”), and No. or classification No. of specified renewal contents when subcontents are included, and requests of the server  250 ( 250 ′) that the server sends renewed contents to the terminal  241 ′.  
         [0351]    Step S 220  (Reception of Renewal Contents)  
         [0352]    When the contents of the database corresponding to the contents of the appropriate card are updated (added), the server  250  ( 250 ′) sends the terminal  241 ′ a list of contents to be sent, renewal charge information and renewed (added) contents in response to the terminal&#39;s request. The terminal  241 ′ receives those data.  
         [0353]    Step S 221  (Display of Contents List and Charge Information Received)  
         [0354]    The controller  361  displays on the display the contents file list and charge information received in step S 220  (when there are contained a plurality of contents files, the sum of the charges for those contents files is calculated and indicated along with the respective renewal charges), and urges in a displayed message or audibly the user to put an amount of money corresponding to the total renewal charge of the contents into the money insert slot in the terminal.  
         [0355]    Step S 222  (Determine Whether the Put Amount of Money is Proper)  
         [0356]    When the user puts the amount of money corresponding to the total charge for renewal of the contents into the slot  345 ′ (FIG. 25B), the money collector  367  of the terminal  241 ′ checks to see whether the put amount of money coincides with the displayed charge. If it does, the control passes to step S 223 . If the put amount of money exceeds the charge, a surplus is returned to the slot  245 ′. If the put amount of money is insufficient, the user is urged to put a shortage into the money insert slot.  
         [0357]    Step S 223  (Renew Contents)  
         [0358]    The renewer  369  writes the contents received in step S 220  over the contents data area  225  ( 225 ′) of the inserted contents card, i.e., renews the contents of the card, under control of the controller  361 .  
         [0359]    Step S 224  (Send Data on Collected Contents Renewal Charge)  
         [0360]    The controller  361  sends the server  250  ( 250 ′) data on the collected contents renewal charge and then passes the control to step S 225 . The data on the collected contents renewal charge further includes the device No. of the terminal  241 ′, contents No., a data kind code indicating “Collection of contents renewal charge” (for example, “5”), the collected charge for renewal of the contents (if the card contains different contents excluding subcontents, the charges for renewal of the respective contents), the card ID information stored in the card ID information area  221  of the contents card.  
         [0361]    Step S 225  (Discharge Contents Card)  
         [0362]    The terminal  241 ′ discharges the contents card out of the card discharge slot  246 ′ and returns the control to step S 200 .  
         [0363]    4-(7) (Operation of the Server)  
         [0364]    [0364]FIG. 33A is a flowchart of the server&#39;s operation involving a contents selling method using the network system of FIG. 26. FIG. 33B illustrates extraction of a browsing program from the server. It is assumed that the server  250  ( 250 ′) and the stationary terminal  241 ′ are connected to the Internet  260 .  
         [0365]    Step T 1  (Detect Received Data)  
         [0366]    When the server  250  ( 250 ′) receives data from one of a plurality of stationary terminal  241 ′ connected to the Internet  260  in FIG. 33A, the server stores in a reception buffer data on device No., data kind, and data string.  
         [0367]    Step T 2  (Determine Data Kind)  
         [0368]    The controller  251  checks the kind of data stored in the reception buffer. If it involves “contents card sales data”, the control passes to step T 3 . If it involves questionnaire data, the control passes to step T 6 . If it involves data on collection of valid usable count renewal charge, the control passes to step T 7 . If it involves contents renewal requesting data, the control passes to step T 10 . If it involves data on collection of contents renewal charge, the control passes to step T 14 .  
         [0369]    Step T 3  (Create Detailed Data and Store it in Detailed File)  
         [0370]    Under control of the controller  251 , the sales data storage  55  stores a date based on a timer in a date column  831 , and also stores the device No. extracted from the receive buffer in a device No. column  832 . The sales data storage  55  extracts the contents No., data kind code, and card sales from the data string, stores those data in contents No., section and money amount columns  833 ,  834 ,  835  sequentially to create detailed data  830 , and additionally stores those data in the detailed data file  283  of the database  280  via the data input/output unit  254 . If a further different No., excluding subcontents No. is contained, the sales data storage  55  creates detailed data by contents type.  
         [0371]    Step T 4  (Record Card Sales in a Sales File)  
         [0372]    The sales data storage  55  searches the sales files  281  for the respective devices or terminals in the database  280  for the device No. extracted from the receive buffer, and adds card sales in a section having the same date as the cards were sold, in a daily payment receipt list column  812  of the file data having the same device No. as that for which the sale files  281  were searched.  
         [0373]    Step T 5  (Record Contents Sales in a by-Contents Type Sales File)  
         [0374]    The sales data storage  55  searches by-contents type sales amount files  282  of the database  280  for the contents No. extracted from the receive buffer, and adds the card sales price to data in a section, having the same date as the cards were sold, in the monthly sales column  812  of the file data having the same contents No. as that for which the by-contents type sales amount files were searched. The control then returns to step T 1 .  
         [0375]    Step T 6  (Create Questionnaire Data and Record the Data in Questionnaire File)  
         [0376]    The questionnaire data recorder  256  extracts a device No. from the received data, stores it in a device No. column  841 , extracts fundamental questionnaire items from the questionnaire data, and stores them in a fundamental item column  842 . The questionnaire data recorder  256  also extracts a result of the questionnaire survey about questionnaire items involving the contents, stores it in a contents item column  843  and in the questionnaire file. The controller then returns the control to step T 1 .  
         [0377]    Step T 7  (Create Detailed Data and Record the Data in Detailed File)  
         [0378]    Under control of the controller  251 , the sales data storage  255  stores a date based on the timer in a date column  832  and also stores the device No. extracted from the receive buffer in a device No. column  832 . The sales data storage  255  extracts from the data string the contents No., data kind code, and renewed usable valid count charge, stores them in corresponding columns  833 ,  834 , and  835  sequentially to create detailed data  830 , and additionally stores the detailed data in a detailed data file  283  of the database  280  via the data input/output unit  254 . When the contents numbers are different excluding subcontents Nos., detailed data are created for the respective contents.  
         [0379]    Step T 8  (Record Card Sales in a Sales File for a device)  
         [0380]    The sales data storage  55  searches the sales files  281  for the respective device in the database  280  for the device No. extracted from the receive buffer, and adds a charge for the renewed valid usable count to data in a section, having the same date as the cards were sold, in the daily payment receipt column  812  of the file data having the same device No. as that for which the sales files  281  were searched.  
         [0381]    Step T 9  (Record Contents Sales in a by-Contents Type Sales File)  
         [0382]    The sales data storage  255  searches by-contents type sales amount files  282  of the database  280  for the contents No. extracted from the receive buffer, and adds a charge for the renewed valid usable count to data in a section, having the same date as the cards were sold, in a monthly sales column  822  of the file data having the same contents No. as that for which the by-contents type sales amount files  282  were searched. The control then returns to step T 1 .  
         [0383]    Step T 10  (Retrieval of Contents Files to be Renewed)  
         [0384]    The controller  251  sequentially extracts the contents Nos. and renewal dates of contents files whose renewal was specified from the data received in step T 1 . That is, the controller  251  searches contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n  of the database  280  for each of the target contents Nos., and extracts the renewal date of the contents file having the same contents No. as that for which the contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n  were searched.  
         [0385]    Step T 11  (Determine whether Target Contents are Renewable)  
         [0386]    The controller  251  compares the renewal date of contents extracted in step T 10  with a respective one of the renewal dates of the contents files whose renewal is specified. If the renewal date of each of the contents files whose renewal is specified is older than the renewal date of the corresponding contents file extracted from the database, the controller  251  determines that the target contents files are already renewed and passes the control to step T 12 . If otherwise, the control passes to step T 13 .  
         [0387]    Step T 12  (Send Updated Contents)  
         [0388]    The controller  251  sends the appropriate stationary terminal  241 ′ the contents (compressed) file having the same contents No. mentioned in step T 10  and the renewal charge information via the data transmission unit  253  and the Internet  260 .  
         [0389]    Step T 13  (Determine the End of Processing of Contents to be Renewed)  
         [0390]    The controller  251  repeats steps T 11 -T 12  about the contents Nos. of all the contents files stored in the receive data storage and to be renewed. Then the controller  251  returns the control to step T 1 .  
         [0391]    Step T 14  (Create Detailed Data and Record the Data in Detailed Data File)  
         [0392]    Under control of the controller  251 , the sales data storage  255  stores a date based on the timer in a date column  832  and also stores the device No. extracted from the receive buffer in a device No. column  832 . The sales data storage  255  extracts from the data string the contents No., data kind code, and (collected) contents renewal charge, stores them in corresponding columns  833 ,  834 , and  835  sequentially to create detailed data  830 , and additionally stores the detailed data in a detailed data file  283  of the database  280  via the data input/output unit  254 . When the contents numbers are different excluding subcontents Nos., detailed data are created for the respective contents files.  
         [0393]    Step T 15  (Record Contents Renewal Charge in a Device&#39;s Charge Sales File)  
         [0394]    The sales data storage  55  searches the sales files  281  for the respective devices in the database  280  for the device No. extracted from the receive buffer, and adds contents renewal charge to data in a section having the same date as the cards were sold in the daily payment receipt column  822  of the file data having the same device No. as that for which the sales files  281  were searched.  
         [0395]    Step T 16  (Record Contents Sales in a by-Contents Sales File)  
         [0396]    The sales data storage  255  searches the by-contents type sales amount files  282  of the database  280  for the contents No. extracted from the receive buffer, and adds the contents renewal charge to data in a section, having the same month as the contents were renewed, in the monthly sales amount column  812  of the file data having the same contents No. as that for which the by-contents type sales amount files  282  were searched. The control then returns to step T 1 .  
         [0397]    Step T 17  (Extract a Contents No.)  
         [0398]    The controller  251  extracts the contents No. (or contents classification No.) from the data received in step T 1 .  
         [0399]    Step T 18  (Retrieval of a File corresponding to the Contents)  
         [0400]    The controller  251  searches contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n  of the database  280  for a contents No. (or contents classification No.). The controller  251  then extracts a contents browsing program ID from a program ID column  2852  of the contents file having the contents No. The controller  251  then searches browsing programs (program files) stored in the browsing program storage area  86  for the browsing program ID, and then obtains the browsing program having the program ID.  
         [0401]    Step T 19  (Send the Browsing Program)  
         [0402]    The controller  251  then sends the browsing program (compressed file) obtained in step T 18  to the appropriate stationary terminal  41 ′ via the data transmission unit  253  and the Internet  260 .  
         [0403]    Step T 20  (Determine the End of the Contents to be Renewed)  
         [0404]    The controller  251  repeats steps T 17 -T 19  about all the contents Nos. of the contents files stored in the received data and to be renewed. When this process ends, the controller  251  returns the control to step T 1 .  
         [0405]    4-(8) Acquisition (Reception) of a Program by Terminal in Contents Browsing  
         [0406]    [0406]FIGS. 34A and B each illustrate a flowchart of the detailed operation of step P 3  of FIG. 27A involving acquisition (reception) of a program by a contents browsing terminal.  
         [0407]    In FIG. 34A, it is assumed that the terminal has installed Internet connection programs such as a card driver and a WWW browser so that the terminal is connected to the Internet with browsing programs being stored in the contents card. In FIG. 34B, the terminal has installed an Internet connection programs such as a WWW browser so that the terminal is connected to the Internet with the browsing programs being stored in the server (See 3-(3)-2).  
         [0408]    4-(8)-(A) Extraction of a Program from a Contents Card  
         [0409]    Step U 1  (Start up the Card Driver)  
         [0410]    In FIG. 34A when the contents card is inserted into the terminal, its controller starts up the card driver (installed already in this terminal).  
         [0411]    Step U 2  (Determine the Kind of the Contents Card)  
         [0412]    When the contents card is accessible, the controller reads data in a card ID information area  221  ( 71 ) of the contents card and examines the kind of the contents card (FIGS. 18A, B, C; A′, B′, C and FIGS.  23 A, A′, B, B′).  
         [0413]    Step U 3  (Start up a Browsing Program Loader)  
         [0414]    The controller (not shown) of the terminal starts up a contents browsing program loader (program) corresponding to the kind of the contents card (i.e., the contents) determined in step U 1  among the contents browsing program loaders contained in the card driver.  
         [0415]    Step U 4  (Extraction of a Program from the Contents Card)  
         [0416]    The controller of the terminal controls the contents browsing program loader, reads the browsing program from the program area  225  ( 273 ) of the contents card, and stores the program in RAM via a buffer of the terminal. Thus, the contents browsing program is placed in an executable state.  
         [0417]    4-(8)-(B) Download a Program from the Server  
         [0418]    Step U 1 ′ (Start up a Card Driver)  
         [0419]    In FIG. 34B when the contents card is inserted into the terminal, the controller of the terminal starts up the card driver (already installed in the terminal).  
         [0420]    Step U 2 ′ (Read Card ID Information)  
         [0421]    When the contents card is accessible, the controller reads contents information from the contents information area  224  ( 24 ′) of the contents card, and stores it in RAM.  
         [0422]    Step U 3 ′ (Send the Server a Program Reception Request)  
         [0423]    The controller of the terminal sends the server  250  ( 250 ′) via the Internet  260  a request to receive a contents browsing program from the server, the contents No. of the contents information stored in RAM in step U 2 ′ and the device No. of the terminal  241 ′.  
         [0424]    Step U 4 ′ (Receive the Program from the Server)  
         [0425]    When the controller of the terminal  241 ′ receives the contents browsing program for the contents card from the server  250  ( 250 ′), it stores the program in the receive buffer of the terminal and then in RAM (FIG. 33B). Thus, the browsing program is placed in an executable state.  
         [0426]    When a WWW browser is used as the browsing program in the Internet in the flowchart of FIGS. 32;  33 A,  33 B; and  34 A,  34 B, the programs each may be composed of a HTML file and the contents files  285 - 1  to  285 - n  may each be a data file related to a HTML file. In this case, the WWW browser is stored in the terminal whereas data files that are each referred to on a web page produced based on a HTML file are stored in the contents data area  225  ( 25 ′) of the contents card. In the example of FIG. 33B, a HTML file is downloaded instead of the corresponding browsing program.  
         [0427]    While in the contents sales described above the valid usable count and contents are illustrated as being renewed only in the stationary terminal  241 ′, the present invention is not limited to this particular case. For example, before the valid usable count and/or contents are renewed, the user may be registered in the server so that the respective terminals  241 ,  241 ′ and  241 ″ can renew the valid usable count and contents of the card, and renew the usable count and/or contents.  
         [0428]    The stationary terminal may be a stand-alone type not connected to the network. In this case, the stationary terminal may removably receive a recording medium that has stored collected charges and a recording medium that has stored contents to be renewed.  
         [0429]    The shape of the contents card used in each of the embodiments is not limited to a square one. The network used is not limited to the Internet (or a wireless network).  
         [0430]    While the several embodiments of the present invention have been illustrated, the present invention is not limited to those particular ones. Various changes and modification are possible, of course, without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention defined in the claims attached hereto.  
         [0431]    According to the invention, the recording medium is only required to store retrieval data to thereby simplify the storage control. Since the contents data can be retrieved based on the retrieval data, the contents data is placed in a manageable state.  
         [0432]    According to the invention, the recording medium is only required to store index data to thereby simplify the storage control. Since detailed data can be retrieved based on the index data, the detailed data is placed in a manageable state.  
         [0433]    According to the invention, the recording medium is only required to store compressed data corresponding to high quality data to thereby simplify the storage control. Since high quality data corresponding to the compressed data can be retrieved, the high quality data is placed in a manageable state.  
         [0434]    According to the invention, the recording medium is only required to store security information to thereby avoid complication of the storage control. The security of the storage medium and contents data is ensured.  
         [0435]    According to the invention, a system is constructed in which recording mediums having stored pay and free contents data are distributed with the pay contents data being readable on condition that their charges are paid. Especially, according to the invention, the information stored in the server system can be downloaded and stored in the recording medium.