Abstract:
A method is provided for producing a clinch-rivet connection using a rotary oscillating movement for connecting two metal components, wherein via the oscillating movement by means of forming rollers, a vertical, and simultaneously, a horizontal deformation is carried out, wherein one of the components has a preformed, flat, tab-like arc web, and the second component is provided with an at least partially V-shaped arc slot, which allows the accommodation of the preformed, flat, tab-like arc web, and via radial oscillating movement, the forming roller presses the arc web into the arced slot by superimposed axial movement, wherein the outer circumference of the forming rollers is provided with a wedge-shaped profile, and the oscillating movement of each forming roller with a specific pendulum path across the arc web does not exceed the length of the arc web.

Description:
FIELD 
     A method and a device for producing a clinch-rivet connection using a rotary oscillating movement for connecting two metal components is provided. 
     BACKGROUND 
     An object such as this has become known from DE 10 2011 011 438 A1 filed by the same applicant. The disclosure content of this publication is to be incorporated into the disclosure content of the current invention in its entirety. 
     In the aforementioned publication, a clinch-rivet connection is produced on a metal component with the aid of an oscillating movement. The metal component is comprised of a pot-shaped lower part/workpiece that is connected to a plate-shaped upper part such that arced webs arranged around the periphery are molded onto the pot-shaped lower part, which engage in associated arc slots in the plate-shaped upper part, there to be reshaped in the sense of a widening applying the clinch-rivet method and using forming rollers. This results in a force-fit and form-fit abutment of the reshaped arc webs in the arc slots. 
     Accordingly, the non-deformed arc webs reaching through the arc slots of the lower part are brought into a cold flow state under the pressing force of forming rollers, and are thus expanded such that they rest in a force-fit and form-fit manner against the side walls of the arc slots in the plate-shaped upper part. In this way, the aforementioned clinch-rivet connection is produced. 
     However, the disadvantage of the known method is that a rotary oscillating movement has to be introduced onto the forming tool. The forming tool according to said publication is essentially a roller retainer, in which several forming rollers arranged around the periphery are present. The forming tool is rotatably driven by a driving tool carrying out an oscillating movement. With the known method, it is necessary that the pressing force onto the forming rollers needed for the deformation is also applied to the forming tool at the same time, thus using the forming tool for the production of the clinch-rivet connection by simultaneously applying an oscillating movement and a pressing force. 
     Another disadvantage of the known clinch-rivet method is that the adjustment of the oscillating movement is severely restricted because the oscillating movement is generated by means of a crank drive requiring a specific amplitude and a specific angle of rotation, which essentially cannot be changed. 
     The method for producing a clinch-rivet connection using a rotary oscillating movement for connecting two metal components is based on the subject matter of DE 10 2012 206 678 A1. 
     This publication already discloses a plug connector for connecting, in a rotationally engaged manner, a first component to a second component, in particular in a clutch unit, wherein the first component is provided with at least one connecting element configured as an arc web, which extends through a slot-shaped opening in the second component. The arc web of the first component extending through the slot of the second component is connected to the second component by way of a roll-forming method. 
     For this purpose, it is provided that the first and second component are arranged on a feed unit that is rotationally driven in an oscillating manner and at the same time is movable in an axial direction, which is able to firmly press the plugged-together components against cylindrical forming rollers fixedly arranged in a holder. 
     Accordingly, the cylindrical forming rollers roll in an oscillating manner clockwise and counter-clockwise across an angle range of, for example, 90 or 180 degrees relative to the circumferential direction of the rolling device so that each arc web is rolled over the rotatably mounted, cylindrical forming rollers several times, and a flow-pressing pressure is applied to the arc webs by the forming roller configured as a cylindrical roller so that piece by piece, the arc webs are pressed down and broadened, and thus a roll-formed connection between the first and the second component takes place. 
     The pressing down of the are webs can be in the range of a few mm. The feed of the cylindrical forming roller in Z-direction can be approximately 1/10 mm per rotation. 
     Accordingly, the cylindrical rollers are rolled many times over the respective arc web, for example, ten times or some hundred times, so that it broadens in a mushroom shape, and with its lateral surfaces rests on the edges delimiting the recess in the second component. 
     However, the disadvantage of such a roll-forming method is that after being rolled over multiple times, the edges on both sides of the arc webs settle, enlarged outwardly in a mushroom shape, on the upper side in the edge region of the recess of the second component, where they partially break or splinter. Thus, an uncontrolled deformation of the arc webs results, which poses the risk that due to the mushroom-shaped expansion of the arc webs beyond the edges of the recess in the second component, invisible fracture lines and undesired crystalline deformations in the structure of the arc webs are formed, which impair the stability of the roll-forming connection. 
     Thus, a roll-formed connection such as this can also not be examined for a crack-free quality by way of an x-ray or ultrasound examination. 
     Accordingly, the arc webs are steamrolled, so-to-speak. The price to be paid is the disadvantage of fracture lines in the area of the roller-formed cross sections of the web arcs. 
     SUMMARY 
     It is therefore the object of the invention to further develop a method for producing a clinch-rivet connection and a device used therefor such that with substantially higher precision and more favorable process parameters, the clinch-rivet connection between a pot-shaped lower part and a plate-shaped upper part can be produced. 
     To meet this objective, a method is providing for producing a clinch-rivet connection using a rotary oscillating movement for connecting two metal components, wherein by means of forming rollers and the oscillating movement thereof, a vertical, and simultaneously a horizontal deformation is carried out, wherein one of the components has a preformed, flat, tab-like arc web, and the second component is provided with an arc slot, which allows the accommodation of the preformed, flat, tab-like arc web, and by radial oscillating movement, the forming roller presses the arc web into the arced slot by superimposed axial and rotary movement, thus producing a form-fit connection of the two components, wherein the outer circumference of the forming rollers is provided with a wedge-shaped profile, and that the oscillating movement of each forming roller with a specific pendulum path across the arc web does not exceed the length of the arc web. 
     In contrast to the rough rolling-over of the flat, tab-like arc webs of DE 10 2012 206 678 A1, the invention provides that instead of the roller-shaped or cylindrical forming rollers, the forming rollers now used are provided with an acute-angled profile, and that the oscillating movement of each forming roller with a specific pendulum path does not extend beyond the length of the arc web. 
     This means that the length of the arc web in the center area thereof is only partially rolled over by a profiled forming roller, and that the forming roller does not roll beyond the length of the arc web, and that the oscillating movement of the forming roller always remains within the area of the arc web. 
     Accordingly, the arc web does not get travelled over and rolled flat expanding into a mushroom shape, but instead, as a result of an acute-angled profiled forming roller, it is pressed apart in a wedge shape in its center area towards the sides, and with its edge-side cross sections deformed during the flow-forming process, comes to rest at the inner side of the recess in the other component. 
     The term “acute-angled” profiled forming roller is to be understood as any symmetrical wedge profile on the outer periphery of the forming roller that is able to displace the metal material from the center region of the arc web towards the outside—to the edge regions of the arc webs. Consequently, such a symmetric wedge profile can have any angle that is smaller than 180 degrees. Wedge profiles ranging from 160 to 30 degrees are preferred. Particularly preferred are wedge profiles ranging from 40 to 60 degrees. Instead of the term “acute-angled”, the term “wedge-shaped” is also used. 
     However, in the scope of the invention, both forming rollers mounted on axes and forming rollers not mounted on axes are claimed as being essential to the invention. Forming rollers of the type not mounted on an axis are seated in bed made of ceramics, for example. The shaftless forming roller rotates in the fixed bed of ceramic material, and only protrudes from the bed with its wedge-shaped profiled periphery in order to impact the arc web with this freestanding periphery in the sense of a flow forming procedure. 
     The reshaped arc webs are not to protrude beyond the surface of the other component because otherwise, cross sections of the arc webs at risk for breaking and splintering could break off. 
     Rather, the invention provides that these arc webs deformed into wedge shape in the face area during the flow-forming process only rest against the inner side of the recess, that is, in the arc slot of the second component. 
     Due to the fact that it is avoided that the cross sections of the reshaped arc webs settle externally and above the surface of the V-shaped arc slot in the other component, no splintering can occur there anymore, and no invisible and no non-verifiable fracture lines develop. 
     Further characteristics of the invention are the subject matter of the remaining dependent claims. 
     It is beneficial for the oscillating movement to be introduced to the workpiece, and that the roller head with the forming rollers arranged there merely generates the pressing force onto the forming rollers, and thus onto the arc webs of the lower part to be reshaped. 
     It is further preferred that the oscillating movement and the application of a pendulum force as well as the generation of the pressure force take place in two components of the device separated from one another. Preferably, the pendulum force is applied to the workpiece arranged in the lower part of the device, which has the advantage that the workpiece can be driven in an oscillating manner with very little expenditure, whereas this is much more difficult with the roller head and the upper part of the device. 
     It is therefore provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention that the pendulum force is introduced to the workpiece by way of a clamping device, which receives the workpiece in a form-fit and force-fit manner. Part of the clamping device is a centering device having follower jaws. Each of the follower jaws has a form-fit contour profile, which is in engagement with a counter-contour on the workpiece directed radially outwards so that due to the contour engagement of the clamping tool with the workpiece, it is very easy to apply a pendulum force to the clamping tool. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the centering device is mounted with the clamping tool on a rotary plate, which is provided with an outwardly directed toothed drive ring, which meshes with an associated drive gear wheel of a gear motor. 
     With such an arrangement, the oscillating movement can be modified within broad limits because the gear motor carries out an oscillating movement, which can be freely adjusted (programmable) with respect to its length and/or amplitude. In theory, an oscillating movement can be adjusted to an angle of rotation of 0 to 360 degrees, which was not possible with the crank device of the prior art. 
     An additional advantage of the invention is that an easily controllable drive, for example, hydraulic or ball roller spindle, acts on the roller retainer that accommodates the forming rollers for the deformation of the arc webs of the workpiece, which can be precisely adjusted with respect to its pressure force. Accordingly, the pressure force and the pressure path of such a drive can be precisely adjusted by way of very simple adjusting means, which results in a simplification and an improvement of the precision of the inventive device. 
     It was only known from the prior art device (DE 10 2011 011 438 A1) to press on the roller retainer by means of a hydraulic cylinder, which made it possible to adjust the pressure force but not, however, the pressure path. 
     The present invention picks up from here, using a so-called rollable drive, wherein both the pressure path and the pressure force can be finely adjusted, and as a consequence, a substantially better precision of the method and the device are achieved. 
     The important factor of the invention is that a defined modification of the pendulum force in Z direction (which is the rotational force with which the pendulum device is driven) is coordinated with the pressing force in X direction. 
     It has been found that the pendulum force in Z direction has to be relative low at the start of the oscillating movement and then accelerates sharply, wherein the maximal force is generated during the flow pressing in Z direction, and that shortly before reaching the end of the arc web, the pendulum force declines again so that not to deform the end of the arc web as much as, comparatively, the center area of the arc web. 
     This pendulum force is controlled by way of the angle of rotation. This has not been known from the state of the art. 
     The same goes for generating the pressing force in X direction, which acts from the roller head onto the forming rollers because here as well, starting out with a relatively low pressing force in an equilibrium position, the forming force accelerates very fast in X direction due to the fact that first, the forming roller is pressed into the material of the arc web, and then, during the oscillating movement, the pressure force remains relatively even, and prior to the end of the oscillating movement, the pressure force declines again and ends at a low value. 
     The benefits and characteristics of the invention are summarized in the compilation therebelow:
         1. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein by means of a rotary oscillating movement by forming rollers, a vertical and simultaneously a horizontal deformation (3-axis stress state/material flow) is carried out.   2. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein one of the components has pre-formed, flat tab-like material formation, and the second component is provided with a partially V-shaped opening, which allows the accommodation of the preformed, flat tab-like material formation, wherein at an angle of at least 10 degrees, a forming roller stamps the material formation into the V-shaped opening via radial oscillating movement by means of superimposed axial movement, thus producing a form-fit connection of the two components.   3. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein one of the components has a preformed, annular material embossing, and the second component is provided with a receiving contour on a wave contour arranged in the larger diameter, which allows the accommodation of the preformed, annular material embossing, wherein at an angle of at least 10 degrees, a forming roller stamps the material embossing into the receiving contour via radial oscillating movement by means of superimposed axial movement, thus producing a form-fit connection of the two components.   4. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein one of the two components has a V-shaped opening for receiving the other part for the connecting process.   5. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein with a wave connection, one of the two components is provided with a toothing or corrugated contour, into which the preformed material is rolled and thus, a surface-wise larger and therefore more-torque-proof positive fit results.   6. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein the rotary oscillating movement of the roller retainer with a defined degree value also corresponds to the radial forming path—in degrees as seen from the center of rotation—in the riveting process of the components.   7. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein the roller retainer accommodates at least one forming roller.   8. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein the roller retainer accommodates at least one forming roller and they differ with respect to their contours.   9. Clinch-rivet connection of at least two metal components, wherein with respect to the degree of deformation, the method follows a mathematical function, which is explained in more detail in the description of the drawings section.   10. Device for a clinch-rivet connection for at least two metal components, wherein mechanically, hydraulically, or by way of servomotor, a rotary, radial oscillating movement of a roller retainer with forming rollers having an adjustable degree value and a simultaneously adjustable axial movement by means of mechanical, hydraulic, or servomotor components is carried out.   11. Device for a clinch-rivet connection for at least two metal components, wherein in a rotary radial oscillating movement around the axis  1 , and simultaneously an axial one along the axis  1 , forces and torques for the deformation for the clinch-rivet process are transmitted. Can be adjusted and regulated.   12. Device for a clinch-rivet connection for at least two metal components, wherein from the combination of a radial and an axial application of force onto the components to be connected by means of forming rollers, a flow of the metal material of the components takes place.   13. Device for a clinch-rivet connection for at least two metal components, wherein during the process, the two movements and main axes can be measured and regulated with respect to path, force, and torque.   14. Device for a clinch-rivet connection for at least two metal components, wherein during the process, the two movements and main axes can be measured, and regulated accordingly, with respect to path, force, and torque. This is about a closed forming process that can be monitored, wherein the horizontal and vertical forming path as well as the rotational torque of the rotary movement are electronically synchronized with one another, measured and adjusted. The rotational torque is generated by the active forming rollers inside the roller retainer by way of the actual displacement of material.       

     The scope of the present invention is not limited to the subject matter of the individual patent claims but is a combination of all the individual patent claims of the invention. 
     All specifications and characteristics, including the abstract, disclosed in the documents, particularly the dimensional configuration illustrated in the drawings, are claimed as essential features of the invention so far as, individually or in combination, they are novel with respect to the state of the art. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       The present invention is described in more detail therebelow with reference to drawings illustrating one embodiment only. From the drawings and the description thereof, further essential inventive features and advantages of the invention will become apparent. 
       It is shown in: 
         FIG. 1 : Schematized in side view, a clinch-rivet deformation between a pot-shaped lower part of a workpiece, which with arc webs reaches through arc slots of an approximately plate-shaped upper part. 
         FIG. 2 : The perspective view of the workpiece of  FIG. 1 , with illustration of the clamping tool. 
         FIG. 3 : Cross-sectional view of the device in an open state. 
         FIG. 4 : Top view of the device of  FIG. 3 . 
         FIG. 5 : Enlarged cross section of the workpiece and the forming rollers. 
         FIG. 6 : A schematized cross-sectional view, greatly enlarged, of the roller head of a forming roller during the deformation of the arc web into the arc slot. 
         FIG. 7 : Schematized, the roller deformation process in the manner of the drawing in  FIG. 6 . 
         FIG. 8 : The side view of the illustration in  FIG. 7 . 
         FIG. 9 : The top view of the array according to  FIG. 8 . 
     
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
     In  FIG. 1 , a workpiece  1  in general is illustrated, which essentially is comprised of an upper part  2 , which is to be connected to a lower part  3  by means of several clinch-rivet connections that are arranged evenly spaced around the periphery. The upper part  2  is essentially composed of an approximately pot-shaped plate part  2   b  provided with an edge  2   a  that is directed obliquely outwards. 
     The lower part  3  is essentially configured in a pot shape, and is provided with a central recess arranged at the bottom, as well as one, or a plurality, of recesses  16  that are evenly arranged around the periphery and are directed radially outwards. 
     The vertically upwardly directed walls of the pot-shaped lower part  3  are configured as arc webs  5 , which extend at a specific angle of 30 degrees as arc webs  5  through associated arc slots  4  in the region of the plate part  2   b  of the upper part  2 . 
     In the undeformed state, the arc webs  5  extend approximately 0.5 mm beyond the upper side of the plate part  2   b  of the upper part  2 . 
     The clinch-rivet connection illustrated in  FIG. 1  schematically only is produced such that with the aid of forming rollers  10  dedicated to each arc web  4 , which are arranged evenly distributed around the periphery of a roller retainer  12 , a flow-pressing force is applied to the upper side of the arc web  5  of the lower part  3 . As a result, the arc webs  5  are deformed radially inwards and outwards, and come to rest form-fittingly and force-fittingly on the side walls of the arc slot  4  in the upper part  2 . 
     For this purpose, a suitable pressing force  14  is applied to each of the forming rollers  10  so that with its roller head  11 , which is approximately cone-shaped, each forming roller  10  is pressed with the same pressing force against the face side of the arc web  5 . 
     For a device, the invention provides that the workpiece  1  is form-fittingly and force-fittingly held in a clamping tool  17  to be described in more detail later on, and in its rotational axis  6 , will be subjected to an oscillating movement  7  in the direction of arrows  8 ,  9 , wherein the oscillating movement  7  is carried out with a specific rotary pendulum force  15 . 
     Furthermore, each forming roller  10  is rotationally mounted in the dedicated roller retainer  12 , wherein the forming rollers  10  are not rotatably driven. Accordingly, they are only rotatably mounted but not rotatably driven. 
       FIG. 2  shows further details of the clamping of the workpiece  1  in an associated clamping tool  17 . The clamping tool  17  essentially comprises a centering disk  18 , on which a number of follower jaws  20  are arranged evenly distributed around the periphery. Each follower jaws  20  is provided with a contour  21  that is directed radially inwards, which is in form-fitting engagement with a dedicated contour arranged on the upper part  2  in the region of the edge  2   a  of the workpiece  1 . 
     In this way, the workpiece  1  is retained in the clamping tool  17  free of play and in a form-locked manner. 
     Furthermore, the lower part  3  of the workpiece  1  is further held and centered by clamping jaws  19 , which rest form-fittingly against the outer wall of the lower part  3 . 
     According to  FIG. 3 , the centering disk  18  is seated on the upper side of a rotary plate  23 , which with its outer periphery is connected to a toothed ring  39 , the outwardly directed toothing of which is in toothing engagement with a dedicated drive gear wheel  40 , wherein the drive gear wheel  40  is connected to the drive shaft of a gear motor  41  in a rotationally fixed manner. The gear motor  41  carries out the oscillating movement  7  in the direction of arrows  8 ,  9  on the rotary plate  23 . Since it is configured as a gear motor  41 , it can generate the pendulum force  15  with a high rotary torque over a freely adjustable angular distance. 
     The upper part of the device essentially consists of a ball roller spindle  34 , which, according to the further parts in  FIG. 3 , is mounted on a head plate  46 , and which acts upon the upper side of a plunger plate  29  by way of a pressure ram  35 . 
     The plunger plate is displaceably mounted, in the manner of a lifting frame, in the fixed columns  36  with the aid of guide bushings  37 . The guide columns  36  are fastened in the head plate  46 . On the lower side of the plunger plate  29 , the roller retainer  12  is arranged, in which the forming rollers  10  are arranged evenly distributed around the periphery. 
     In the lower part of the device, a pneumatic cylinder  42  is arranged, the piston rod of which drives a lifting bolt  43  that can be lifted and lowered, which in the manner of an ejector lifts the component from the centering device, as will be explained later on with reference to  FIG. 5 . 
     It can be learned from  FIG. 3  that with the aid of radial bearings  45  and an axial bearing  44  arranged around the periphery, the rotary plate  23  is rotatably mounted in the lower part of the device. 
     Incidentally, the lower part of the device is held in a base frame  50  positioned on the bottom. 
     The roller retainer  12  is held in a holding plate  38  in the upper part.  FIG. 4  shows the top view of the device, where the same parts in  FIG. 3  are identified with the same reference numerals. It can be seen here that the ball roller spindle  34  is arranged above a head plate  46 , and that the head plate  46  is arranged above a base plate  47  of a larger size. 
     From  FIG. 5 , the further details of the forming part of the device can be discerned. 
     In the lower part, the centering bolt  24  is connected to the lifting bolt  43  of  FIG. 3 , and the upper side of the centering bolt  24  is connected to a centering disk  25 , which form-fittingly engages with the central receptacle of the lower part  3 , centering the lower part. 
     The centering bolt  24  is liftably and lowerably actuated via the lifting drive of the pneumatic cylinder  42  in the direction of arrow  26  in order to lift the workpiece  1  from the lower part when the upper part is open (see  FIG. 3 ). 
     In the upper part of the device, the roller retainer  12  is formed by a plate body  27 , which is provided with several slot-shaped receptacles for receiving several forming rollers  10  arranged evenly distributed around the periphery. Each forming roller  10  is rotatably mounted on a bearing bolt  28 . 
     For centering the upper part  2  of the workpiece  1 , it is provided that in the center area of the plate body  27 , a holding disk  33 , with the aid of a threaded screw, engages with the upper central recess in the plate part  2   b  of the workpiece  1 , where a resilient retaining force is generated such that a pressure disk  30  presses onto the upper side of the plate part  2   b  of the workpiece  1 , which with the aid of plate springs  31  arranged around the periphery generates a resilient pressing force onto the pressure disk  30 . 
     The pressure disk  30  is rotatably mounted to the fixed holding disk  33  by way of a thrust bearing  32 . 
     In this way, the rotary oscillating movement, which is introduced onto the lower part  3  of the workpiece  1 , can be transmitted onto the pressing disk  30 , which is thus rotatably mounted with respect to the fixed roller retainer  12 . 
     In  FIG. 6 , the clinch-rivet process is shown in a greatly enlarged illustration. It can be discerned that the roller head  11  of each forming roller has an approximately cone-shaped contour  48 . The exact shaping of the contour  48  depends on the material of the arc web  5  of the lower part  3  as well as on the pressing force  14  and the pendulum force  15 . In addition, the forming process depends on the requirements as to the stability of the clinch-rivet connection, which is done by way of a cold-flow process of the arc web  5 , which in the manner of a forming bead  49  is radially (according to  FIG. 6 ) displaced on both sides of the roller head  11 , pressing itself into a dedicated cone-shaped chamfer  51  in the area of the arc slot  4 . 
       FIG. 7  shows the same parts as are shown in  FIG. 6 . It can be discerned from  FIG. 7 , that with its surface  72 , the forming bead  49  produced with the roll-forming method is in the head area of the arc web  5  nearly flush with the surface  71  of the adjacent component  2   b.    
     It can further be seen that the acute-angled contour  48  of the forming rollers  10  buries itself approximately in the center area of the arc web  5 , and in a flow-pressing process displaces the metal material arranged in the end face region of the arc web  5  to the approximately cone-shaped, chamfered (chamfer  51  as in  FIG. 6 ) receptacle in plate part  2   b.    
     It can be seen in  FIG. 8  that the acute-angled contour  48  of the forming roller  10  moves along a recessed forming surface  73  across the length of the arc web  5  so that a forming surface  73  that is recessed in the center region of the arc web  5  is formed, which inclines towards its sides, thus forming a surface  72  that is flush with the adjacent surface  71  of the adjacent component  2   b.    
       FIG. 9  illustrates the path  7   a  of the oscillating movement  7  of the forming rollers  10 , and the length  76  of the arc web  5  is indicated at the same time. 
     This makes it clear that the length  76  of the arc web  5  is longer than the pendulum path  7   a  because residual paths  75  remain to the left and to the right. 
     Thus, the angular range  74  covered by the pendulum path  7   a  is smaller than the actual angular extent of the arc web  5 . 
     LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS 
     
         
           1  workpiece 
           2  upper part 
           2   a  plate part 
           2   b  edge 
           3  lower part 
           4  arc slot 
           5  arc web 
           6  rotational axis 
           7  oscillating movement 
           7   a  pendulum path 
           8  direction of arrow 
           9  direction of arrow 
           10  forming roller 
           11  roller head 
           12  roller retainer 
           13  rotational axis 
           14  pressing force 
           15  pendulum force 
           16  recess 
           17  clamping tool 
           18  centering disk 
           19  clamping jaw (below) 
           20  follower jaw (above) 
           21  contour 
           22  outer contour (of  1 ) 
           23  rotary plate 
           24  centering bolt 
           25  centering disk 
           26  direction of arrow 
           27  plate body 
           28  bearing bolt 
           29  plunger plate 
           30  pressure disk 
           31  plate spring 
           32  thrust bearing 
           33  holding disk 
           34  ball roller spindle 
           35  pressure ram 
           36  fixed columns; guide columns 
           37  guide bushing 
           38  holding plate 
           39  toothed ring 
           40  drive gear wheel 
           41  gear motor 
           42  pneumatic cylinder 
           43  lifting bolt 
           44  thrust bearing (for  23 ) 
           45  radial bearing (for  23 ) 
           46  head plate 
           47  base plate 
           48  contour 
           49  forming bead 
           50  base frame 
           51  chamfer 
           52  position 
           53  pendulum force (onto forming roller  10 ) 
           54  pendulum force (onto centering device  18 ) 
           55  pendulum force (onto workpiece  1 ) 
           56  position 
           57  position 
           58  position 
           59  position 
           60  position 
           61  N/A 
           62  N/A 
           63  pressing force (onto forming roller  10 ) 
           64  pressing force (onto  18 ) 
           65  pressing force (onto  1 ) 
           66  position 
           67  position 
           68  position 
           69  position 
           70  position 
           71  surface (of  2   b ) 
           72  surface (of  49 ) 
           73  forming surface 
           74  angular range 
           75  residual path 
           76  length of  5  (arc web)