Abstract:
Slip joint clamps seat on a diffuser end via external features of the diffuser, like guide ears, regardless of slip joint wear or damage. The clamps can be opened and closed to surround an inlet mixer forming a slip joint with the diffuser without disassembly. Slip joint clamps drive or bias the inlet mixer in a lateral direction largely perpendicular to the axial orientation and end of the diffuser to achieve a desired preload force in the inlet mixer and clamp connection. Clamp arms include rotatable halves that, when joined, form a complete fill between an inner surface of the diffuser and outer surface of the inlet mixer. A lateral drive pushes the inlet mixer against the clamp and may include a resistive element. An accessible set of guide ear bolts and lateral driving bolts permit exterior manipulation to axially mount or laterally bias the clamp in the slip joint.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]      FIG. 1  is a perspective view of a related art nuclear boiling water reactor (BWR) jet pump assembly  8 . The major components of the jet pump assembly  8  include a riser pipe  3  and two inlet mixers  4  that insert into respective diffusers  2 . Jet pump restrainer brackets  6  are used to stabilize movement of the inlet mixers  4  and reduce movement of and leakage at slip joint  6  that exists at the interface between inlet mixers  4  and diffusers  2 . One type of movement is Flow Induced Vibration, or FIV, that causes slip joint leakage due to high-velocity flows in and around assembly  8 . Restrainer brackets  6  minimize relative movement between inlet mixers  4  and restrainer brackets  6  to minimize leakage or damage around slip joint  6 . 
         [0002]      FIG. 2  is a detailed view of related art slip joint  6  that exists between inlet mixer  4  and diffuser  2  of a BWR jet pump assembly. Bottom portion  4   a  of the inlet mixer  4  inserts into upper crown  2   a  of diffuser  2 . A top edge of diffuser  2  includes one or more guide ears  2   b  to allow tolerances and easier connection between inlet mixer  4  and diffuser  2 . The interface or mating between inlet mixer  4  and diffuser  2  is referred to as slip joint  6 . 
         [0003]      FIG. 3  is a cross-sectional view of related art slip joint  6  between inlet mixer  4  and diffuser  2  of a BWR jet pump assembly, showing internal relationships between components. Lowest distal end  4   b  of inlet mixer  4  rests in upper crown  2   a  of diffuser  2 , to form slip joint  6 . Inlet mixer FIV may occur in the slip joint  6  when tolerances between distal end  4   b  of inlet mixer  4  and upper crown  2   a  of diffuser  2  do not exactly match due to wear or improper machining. Leakage may occur at this interface due to both a poor fit and FIV, as fluid coolant leaks between lowest distal end  4   b  of inlet mixer  4  and upper crown  2   a  of diffuser  2  and out of the slip joint  6 . 
       SUMMARY 
       [0004]    Example embodiments include slip joint clamps that can vertically join to a diffuser end and laterally push or drive an inlet mixer to stabilize and prevent vibration and leakage in a slip joint between the diffuser and inlet mixer. Example clamps may include clamp arms that are moveable with respect to each other to allow expansion and closing around a slip joint to seat on the diffuser, such as ring halves joined about a clevis pin for example. Example clamps further include structures that push against the inlet mixer, like a lateral drive that transversely pushes the inlet mixer against the clamp. For example, the lateral drive may include a leaf spring that can be biased through a driving bolt and transmission to allow biasing and preloading internal to the clamp from the accessible driving bolt at an exterior surface of the clamp. Example clamps include an axial mount that attach and secure the clamp to a diffuser exterior, such as guide ear clamps that extend around a guide ear common on a diffuser terminus, for example. This axial mounting may permit example clamps to seat on a diffuser end and fill the slip joint around the diffuser end without requiring disassembly or loading on the inlet mixer. The lateral loading may thus independently compress the inlet mixer against an interior of the clamp to prevent vibration in and leakage through the slip joint. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTIONS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0005]    Example embodiments will become more apparent by describing, in detail, the attached drawings, wherein like elements are represented by like reference numerals, which are given by way of illustration only and thus do not limit the terms which they depict. 
           [0006]      FIG. 1  is an illustration of a related art jet pump assembly for use in a nuclear power plant. 
           [0007]      FIG. 2  is an illustration of a slip joint in the related art jet pump assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0008]      FIG. 3  is a cross-section of the slip joint of  FIG. 2 . 
           [0009]      FIG. 4  is an illustration of an example embodiment slip joint clamp. 
           [0010]      FIG. 5  is an illustration of an example embodiment slip joint clamp installed about a slip joint in a jet pump assembly. 
           [0011]      FIG. 6  is a cross-section of a detail of the slip joint clamp of  FIG. 5 . 
           [0012]      FIG. 7  is a selected axial view of an example leaf spring useable in connection with an example embodiment slip joint clamp. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0013]    Because this is a patent document, general broad rules of construction should be applied when reading and understanding it. Everything described and shown in this document is an example of subject matter falling within the scope of the appended claims. Any specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are merely for purposes of describing how to make and use example embodiments or methods. Several different embodiments not specifically disclosed herein fall within the claim scope; as such, the claims may be embodied in many alternate forms and should not be construed as limited to only example embodiments set forth herein. 
         [0014]    It will be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first element could be termed a second element, and, similarly, a second element could be termed a first element, without departing from the scope of example embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. 
         [0015]    It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “connected,” “coupled,” “mated,” “attached,” or “fixed” to another element, it can be directly connected or coupled to the other element or intervening elements may be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intervening elements present. Other words used to describe the relationship between elements should be interpreted in a like fashion (e.g., “between” versus “directly between”, “adjacent” versus “directly adjacent”, etc.). Similarly, a term such as “communicatively connected” includes all variations of information exchange routes between two devices, including intermediary devices, networks, etc., connected wirelessly or not. 
         [0016]    As used herein, the singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” are intended to include both the singular and plural forms, unless the language explicitly indicates otherwise with words like “only,” “single,” and/or “one.” It will be further understood that the terms “comprises”, “comprising,”, “includes” and/or “including”, when used herein, specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, elements, ideas, and/or components, but do not themselves preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations, elements, components, ideas, and/or groups thereof. 
         [0017]    It should also be noted that the structures and operations discussed below may occur out of the order described and/or noted in the figures. For example, two operations and/or figures shown in succession may in fact be executed concurrently or may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality/acts involved. Similarly, individual operations within example methods described below may be executed repetitively, individually or sequentially, so as to provide looping or other series of operations aside from the single operations described below. It should be presumed that any embodiment having features and functionality described below, in any workable combination, falls within the scope of example embodiments. 
         [0018]    The Inventors have newly recognized that slip joints in nuclear reactor jet pumps often have worn interfaces between diffusers and inlet mixers at the slip joint. The wear may be ¼-inch of depleted metal or other material due to FIV around a perimeter of the slip joint, which can both worsen leakage through the slip joint and render existing slip joint clamps and FIV solutions inoperable without adequate material to seal. Conventional repairs for worn slip joint interfaces may involve disassembly of the inlet mixer, requiring substantial downtime and repair resources. The Inventors have newly recognized a need for slip joint repair without significant disassembly or dependence on pristine slip joint structures that still reduces leakage and FIV in the slip joint. Example embodiments described below uniquely enable solutions to these and other problems discovered by the Inventors. 
         [0019]    The present invention is clamps that are useable with slip joints in nuclear reactor jet pumps to preload the same. In contrast to the present invention, the few example embodiments and example methods discussed below illustrate just a subset of the variety of different configurations that can be used as and/or in connection with the present invention. 
         [0020]      FIG. 4  is an illustration of an example embodiment slip joint clamp  100 . As seen in  FIG. 4 , slip joint clamp  100  is shaped to match an inlet mixer and diffuser interface at a slip joint, such as an annular shape. Slip joint clamp  100  is shaped to seat axially onto a diffuser (such as diffuser  2  in  FIG. 2 ) while surrounding an exterior of an inlet mixer (such as inlet mixer  4  in  FIG. 2 ) at a slip joint. Slip joint clamp  100  may completely or partially surround and/or fill a slip joint by seating on a diffuser and surrounding an inlet mixer of the slip joint. 
         [0021]    Example embodiment slip joint clamp  100  may include two ring halves  120  that are joined to form an annular shape or other shape to match a slip joint shape. Ring halves  120  may be moveable with respect to one another if joined by a hinge or socket or any other relative joining mechanism, including a clevis pin  130 , for example. Clevis pin  130  may permit ring halves  120  to expand/be separated in a transverse or radial direction without fully disconnecting or moving relatively in an axial position, allowing clamp  100  to adjust to and move over diffuser and/or inlet mixer structures. In this way, example embodiment slip joint clamp  100  can be installed about a slip joint without disassembly of any inlet mixer or diffuser, because clamp  100  can open halves  120  to fit around such structures and close halves  120  when in place on a diffuser, for example. 
         [0022]    Example embodiment slip joint clamp  100  may include a fastening element to ensure it may be expanded in a transverse direction so as to be removably installed about a slip joint. For example, a collar bolt  135  may be used to engage and draw together ring halves  120 , such as by screwing into one half  120  while being mounted in another half  120 , to form a substantially annular shape of clamp  100  with no relative movement of ring halves  120  when collar bolt  135  is engaged between the two. Collar bolt  135  may not apply additional tension or shaping beyond a point when ring halves  120  are fully mated; that is, collar bolt  135  may rigidly yet removably join ring halves  120  into a configuration that mounts on a diffuser without potential for additional clamping from collar bolt  135  when so joined. In this way, example embodiment clamp  100  may remain reliably closed without significantly transversely loading a diffuser on which it seats. 
         [0023]    Slip joint clamp  100  includes an inner surface  121  that is shaped to seat against an inlet mixer and extend down along an inner surface of a diffuser at a slip joint. Inner surface  121  may be formed by ring halves  120 , for example, being brought together about clevis pin  130  and closed into a ring shape. Inner surface  121  may be substantially annular at higher axial positions to match an outer surface of a cylindrical inlet mixer. Inner surface  121  may further include a flange or thinner ring element at a lower axial position that matches an interface between an outer surface of a cylindrical diffuser and an inner surface of a cylindrical diffuser at the slip joint. In this way, example embodiment slip joint clamp  100  may be shaped and sized like a sleeve that internally fits against a diffuser while externally seating on a top of the diffuser and fitting externally against an inlet mixer. 
         [0024]    Slip joint clamp  100  may include axial joints or anchors that retain clamp  100  on an upper end, such as a crown, of a diffuser at a slip joint. For example, ear clamp  181  may be shaped and sized to clamp around a guide ear of a diffuser (such as ear  2   b  in  FIG. 2 ) in order to axially hold clamp  100  at a top end of a diffuser. A draw bolt  182  may be paired with ear clamp  191  to allow axial movement of ear clamp  191  and thus clamping against a lower side of the ear. Further, a ratchet surface  190  or other locking mechanism can permit one-way movement or tensioned securing of draw bolt  182  when paired with a matching ratchet surface of draw bolt  182  in example embodiment clamp  100 . When draw bolt  182  is turned, ear clamp  181  may be drawn upward against an ear or other surface, axially clamping clamp  100 , and ratchet surface  190  may prevent reversing of draw bolt  182  and thus loosening. 
         [0025]    Multiple sets of ear clamp  181 , draw bolt  182 , and ratchet  190  may be positioned about clamp  100 . In this way, clamp  100  may be axially secured to and tightened against each guide ear at multiple radial positions, ensuring clamp  100  remains stationary and secure while exerting axial clamping forces only against a top end of a diffuser. When halves  120  and inner surface  121  are shaped to substantially fill a slip joint between a diffuser and inlet mixer, axial securing of clamp  100  may prevent fluid from escaping the slip joint. Because guide ears are less likely to become worn through FIV and other jet pump operations, they may be used for axially clamping and anchoring clamp  100  without regard for wear or other damage that may have occurred inside a diffuser or inlet mixer at the slip joint. 
         [0026]    Example embodiment slip joint clamp includes a lateral-loading drive that can independently push or bias an inlet mixer at a slip joint to a desired preloading condition. Such lateral loading may secure the inlet mixer against inner surface  121  and further prevent FIV and leakage. The lateral-loading drive provides at least up to  750  pounds-force of lateral preload against an inlet mixer. For example, a leaf spring  140  may be laterally driven by a lateral driving bolt  160  mounted in a top plate  150 . A ratchet surface  170  may allow tightening or one-way movement of driving bolt  160  until  750  or more pounds of force are exerted by leaf spring  140 . Additional operational examples of driving bolt  160  and leaf spring  140  are described below in connection with  FIG. 6 . 
         [0027]      FIG. 5  is an illustration of example embodiment slip joint clamp  100  as installed at a slip joint between inlet mixer  4  and diffuser  2 , such as related art structures of  FIGS. 1-3  in existing or future nuclear reactor jet pumps. Inlet mixer  4  and/or diffuser  2  may have been damaged or subject to extensive FIV during operation or otherwise, causing wear and damage to their surfaces where they mate at the slip joint. As such, there may be significant fluid leakage and relative movement between inlet mixer  4  and diffuser  2  without slip joint clamp  100  being installed. Or, inlet mixer  4  may require axial adjustment with respect to diffuser  2  without disassembly or removal of the entire slip joint when installing an example embodiment clamp. 
         [0028]    As shown in  FIG. 5 , example embodiment clamp  100  can axially seat at a top terminus, or crown, of diffuser  2  about a slip joint with inlet mixer  4 . This positioning may be achieved without movement of diffuser  2  or inlet mixer  4 , because of how clamp  100  can be opened and closed or otherwise fit around these structures. For example, clamp  100  may be opened in lateral or radial direction  95  to fit around inlet mixer  4  without disassembly of the same, and then clamp  100  may be closed to fit about a top end of diffuser  2  by radially closing halves or other portions of clamp  100 , potentially about a clevis pin or other fastener. Collar bolt  135  may secure clamp  100  in a closed, continuous shape in radial direction  95  on diffuser  2 . 
         [0029]    Example embodiment clamp  100  may further be axially secured to diffuser  2  in order to prevent relative movement between clamp  100  and diffuser  2 . For example, clamp  100  may be rotated in radial direction  95  until each ear clamp  181  is positioned axially under a corresponding guide ear  2   b  of diffuser  2 . Draw bolt  182  may be tightened to move ear clamp  181  upward in axial direction  181 , such as through threads or another connection. Because both ear clamp  181  and draw bolt  182  may be seated in clamp  100 , this axial movement may cause a net axial downward force on clamp  100 , securing clamp  100  to diffuser  2  in an axial direction. Ratchet surface  190  may prevent loosening of draw bolt  182  in order to maintain the secured positioning. 
         [0030]    Example embodiment clamp  100  can be axially secured to diffuser  2  despite potential wear or damage to terminal or inner surfaces of diffuser  2 . Moreover, example embodiment clamp  100  can be axially secured as seen in  FIG. 5  without removing or requiring movement of inlet mixer  4  in axial direction  90 , because clamp  100  can be axially secured through guide ears  2   b.  Thus, inlet mixer  4  can still be axially adjusted and repositioned with respect to a slip joint during installation of example embodiment clamp  100 . Securing clamp  100  via guide ears  2   b  may also prevent relative movement of example embodiment clamp  100  in a radial direction  95 . 
         [0031]      FIG. 6  is a cross-section of the Detail A region of  FIG. 5 . As seen in  FIG. 6 , inner surface  121  of clamp  100  may seat down into diffuser  2 , such that clamp  100  is flush against an inner perimeter of the same. For example, inner surface  121  may have a lower flange or other fitted section that narrows to fit within slip joint components. A bottom outer portion of inlet mixer  4  also seats against inner surface  121  of clamp  100 . In this way, a narrowing portion of example embodiment clamp  100  and/or an otherwise specially shaped inner surface  121  may fit down into and seal a slip joint between diffuser  2  and inlet mixer  4 , regardless of wear, damage, or non-fit among ends of those pieces and without requiring disassembly of those pieces for installation. 
         [0032]    As further seen in  FIG. 6  a lateral loading structure is useable in example embodiment clamp  100 . Lateral driving bolt  160  may be extended through top plate  150  and extend down into a chamber  167  inside of example embodiment clamp  100  ( FIG. 4 ). Wedge  154  may be secured to or a part of driving bolt  160  and captured by chamber  167 , except where a wedged or angled surface seats against a surface of leaf spring  140  in inner surface  121  of clamp  100  ( FIG. 4 ). Leaf spring  140  may additionally be axially restrained adjacent to chamber  167  by top plate  150 . Because top plate  150  and chamber  167  may be bolted to, in integral within, example embodiment clamp  100 , driving bolt  160  may be axially driven upward or downward relative to clamp  100  when seated in threads in top plate  150 . Such axial movement in wedge  154  translates to transverse or radial compression of leaf spring  140  due to the angled surfaces and otherwise captured nature of leaf spring  140  and wedge  154  in chamber  167 . A desired axial displacement or resultant force may be sustained through ratchet surface  170  or another lock that prevents drive bolt  160  from further moving after being set at a desired axial position. Thus, when clamp  100  is axially secured, such as to diffuser  2 , a transverse load may be applied internal to clamp  100  without axial and/or diffuser involvement. 
         [0033]      FIG. 7  is an illustration of an example leaf spring  140  illustrating its shape and compression. Leaf spring  140  may extend some distance along a perimeter of inner surface  121  (as seed in  FIG. 4 ) and be shaped such that under compression leaf spring  140  compresses against, and distributes force along, some length of an outer surface of inlet mixer  4 . For example, leaf spring may extend along an eighth or more of a perimeter of inlet mixer  4 . Leaf spring  140  may define a central void  145  where a post from top plate  150  ( FIG. 6 ) may extend through to retain leaf spring  140  in chamber  167  in contact with wedge  154  ( FIG. 6 ). 
         [0034]    As seen in  FIG. 7 , force may be applied in transverse direction  99  when leaf spring  140  is installed in an example embodiment clamp at a slip joint and in contact with inlet mixer  4 . Such force may come from, for example, wedge  154  being drawn up in cavity  167  by driving bolt  160  in  FIG. 6 . As the force in direction  99  approaches a desired preload force, such as 750-lbs, outer contact pads  141   a  and  141   c  of leaf spring  140  may extend angularly (direction  99  of  FIG. 5 ) along inlet mixer  4 , distributing such force. Finally, central contact pad  141   b  may come into contact with inlet mixer at the desired preload force, essentially distributing a large static force in a radial direction against inlet mixer  4 . This force may compress inlet mixer  4  against an opposite inner surface  121  in clamp  100  ( FIG. 4 ). Under a sufficiently large preload force, such as 750 pounds-force or more, inlet mixer  4  may be prevented from moving relative to a diffuser or undergoing FIV via this contact with clamp  100 . 
         [0035]    As seen, example embodiment slip joint clamp  100  can be axially secured to a diffuser and independently bias an inlet mixer. Installation on the diffuser may require attachment only to guide ears or other external structures without movement or involvement with an inlet mixer. Subsequent to installation on an end of the diffuser about a slip joint, example embodiment clamp  100  may be laterally biased via a lateral drive. This lateral biasing may exclusively preload the inlet mixer with up to or exceeding  750  pounds force in a lateral or radial direction to seat the inlet mixer against the clamp perimeter without involvement of the diffuser. This independent axial attachment to the diffuser and lateral preload of the inlet mixer may permit installation of example embodiment clamps on a variety of slip joint types and in varying conditions, reduce leakage through such slip joints, and prevent FIV in and damage between slip joint components. 
         [0036]    Example embodiment clamp  100  may be fabricated of any materials that are compatible with an operating nuclear reactor environment, including materials that maintain their physical characteristics when exposed to high-temperature fluids and radiation. For example, metals such as stainless steels and iron alloys, nickel alloys, zirconium alloys, etc. are useable in example embodiment clamp  100 . For example, leaf spring  140  may be X750 inconel of approximately 1-inch radial depth/thickness to provide a spring constant the yields up to 750 lbf preload force when compressed across its thickness. Bolts, clamp body, and connectors may be fabricated of stainless steels and other compatible materials to prevent fouling or metal-on-metal reactions. 
         [0037]    Example embodiments and methods thus being described, it will be appreciated by one skilled in the art that example embodiments may be varied and substituted through routine experimentation while still falling within the scope of the following claims. For example, a generally annular slip joint connection has been shown in connection with an example; however, other configurations and shapes of slip joints, and diffusers and inlet mixers therein, are compatible with example embodiments and methods simply through proper dimensioning and placement—and fall within the scope of the claims. Such variations are not to be regarded as departure from the scope of these claims.