Abstract:
A hydraulic brush for teeth and gum cleaning and massaging, having a rotating cylindrical, spiral, disc or cupped-shape brush with radially projected ultrathin bristles and simultaneous liquid jets supply to the teeth and gums.

Description:
1. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     This invention relates to hydraulically driven devices for teeth cleaning and gum massaging and more particularly to a hydraulically driven toothbrush, which includes a rotating brush with radially projected ultrathin bristles and a simultaneous liquid jet supply to the teeth and gum. 
     2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PRIOR ART 
     The prior art discloses a variety of personal hygiene devices, where the power of water under pressure is used to provide a brush with oscillating, swinging, vibrating or reciprocating motions or to supply water jets (water pick) to the teeth and gums. Some are in the form of a separate toothbrush--waterpick assemblies. In either form toothbrushing and water picking are two separate processes and requires either head exchange or device readjustment. Such devices are discloses in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,809,977 Balamuth; 3,966,359 Woog, 4,257,433 Kwan, 4,319,595 Ulrich. Devices with rotating or oscillating cylindrical or oval toothbrushes are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,184,850 Schloss; 2,655,675 Groves; 2,798,237 Grover; 3,732,589 Burki; 4,320,774 Kogera. Common disadvantages of these devices are: Inefficiency of crevice and gum pocket cleaning and gum massaging because of brush design and bristle size, lack of accessibility to some zones of the mouth, lack of sufficient hydraulic environment in cleaning and massaging zones, absence of continuous wash out of soft and hard debris during toothbrushing, bulkiness and inconvenience in application, complexity with cleaning the brush after toothbrushing, lack of brush speed and power adjustment. The object of this invention is to provide a hydraulic brush for the teeth and gums, which is free of all aforementioned disadvantages. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     In accordance with the present invention the teeth and gum cleaning and massaging are performed by a rotating spiral, cylindrical, disc or cupped-shaped brush with radially projected ultrathin bristles and by simultaneously supplied liquid jets. The brush is rotated by a hydraulic drive. Liquid under pressure, for example water from a pump or from a faucet of a regular running water system, is supplied to the hydraulic drive. The hydraulic drive is connected to a liquid source by a flexible supply tubing, which is located inside of a flexible exhaust tubing. Outside surface portions of the supply tubing and the inside surface portions of the exhaust tubing form a ring-shaped liquid exhaust channel. The brush is rotated by a hydraulic drive and the user can control the brush speed and power. The brush has a lip-tongue protector-valve which can be pivoted between two positions. In one position it turns the liquid jets supply on while the opposite pivoting position turns jet supply off. The hydraulic drive is connected to a source of liquid under pressure by a flexible supply tubing, which is located inside of a flexible exhaust tubing. One end of the exhaust tubing is connected to an outlet orifice of the brush drive and the opposite end to an exhaust valve, which continuously controls the amount of liquid coming to jet-nozzles. Radially projected ultrathin bristles of the rotating brush and the simultaneous liquid jets supply efficiently clean crevices between the teeth, gently massage the gums, remove soft deposits from the gums, getting below the gum line into the gum pockets and selcus, without injuring tender gum tissue. Manual reciprocating motions of the brush removing plaque from the surface of the teeth and also massage the gums. The continuous ability to adjust the brush and jets speed and power allows the user to choose the most sufficient teeth and gum cleaning and massaging parameters. Liquid from an inlet orifice of the hydraulic drive flows through a ring-shaped inlet passage to tangential nozzle-slots of a working chamber. Liquid jets enter through the nozzle-slots into a working chamber and rotate a rotor, a shaft connected to rotate to be driven thereby, and a brush secured on the shafft end. The brush speed and power is proportional to the amount and pressure of the liquid entering the working chamber and because of that can be continuously controlled. If the amount of liquid entering the working chamber is constant, the brush speed is inversely proportional to the force with which the brush is pressed to the teeth and gums by the user. The brushes are exchangeable and disposable. To perform different tasks of the tooth and gum cleaning and massaging, different brush types can be used, such as cylinderical, spiral, disc, cup, etc. Liquid flows from the working chamber through slots located at the rear end of the working chamber into a ring-shaped exhaust passage formed by outside surface portions of the internal cover walls and inside surface portions of the walls of a handle-cover. Moving along the exhaust passage, liquid comes to an outlet orifice of the hydraulic drive and enters the tubing&#39;s exhaust channel. The opposite end of the exhaust tubing is connected to an exhaust valve, through which the liquid can be drained into a pump collecting tank for recycling or into a sink sewage system. Part of the liquid from the working chamber via an axial channel is directed to jet nozzles located in a head part of the hydraulic drive. The amount of liquid directed to the jet nozzles is controlled by the exhaust valve. The larger the outlet opening of the discharge valve the smaller amount of liquid coming from the working chamber to the jet nozzles and vice versa. The rotating brush and liquid jets are simultaneously cleaning and massaging the teeth and gums, washing soft and hard debris out of the mouth. The hydraulic brush has a disposable protector-valve pivotally secured on the front cover to protect the lips and tongue from the rotating brush bristles. By pivoting the protector-valve, the liquid jet supply to the teeth and gums can be turned on or off. Because the brushes and protector-valves are disposable and easily interchangeable, different people can use the same hydraulic drive with their personal brushes and protector-valve. This brush provides numerous hygienic features for the most efficient tooth and gum cleaning and massaging possible. These features include a rotating brush with ultrathin bristles, simultaneous liquid jets supply and the ability to continuously adjust the brush speed and liquid jets pressure. Furthermore this brush provides easy access to every zone in the users mouth. Other objects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of a preferred, but not limitative embodiment and the accompanying drawings made a part hereof and to which reference is made. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     FIG. 1: A front end of the hydraulic brush for teeth and gums; 
     FIG. 2: A longitudinal sectional view taken on the line A--A of FIG. 1; 
     FIG. 3: A transverse sectional view taken on the line B--B of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 4: A transverse sectional view taken on the line C--C of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 5: A transverse sectional view taken on the line D--D of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 6: A transverse sectional view taken on the line E--E of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 7: A transverse sectional view taken on the line F--F of FIG. 2; 
     FIG. 8: A transverse sectional view taken on the line I--I of FIG. 6; 
     FIG. 9: A longitudinal sectional view taken on the exhaust valve with half-connector; 
     FIG. 10: A transverse sectional view taken on the line G--G of FIG. 9. 
    
    
     DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT 
     Referring now more particularly to the drawings, the hydraulic brush for the teeth and gums according to one embodiment of the invention includes a main housing 1 with a working chamber 2, an internal cover 3 and a handle-cover 4, a front cover 5, a rotor 6, a shaft 7, a brush 8, a protector-valve 9, a flexible supply-exhaust tubing 10, an exhaust valve 11, a connector for the supply-exhaust tubing to a source of liquid under pressure (for example a running water faucet (diagrammatically shown as a box 49. The cylindrical hollow stepped working chamber 2 has a conical front end outside and a truncated conical front end inside with a vertax wall 12. Tangential inlet slots 13 on a front first step circumference and the outlet slots on the rear last step circumference of the working chamber are equally spaced, the circumference of the first step being larger than that of the last step. The internal cover has an inlet orifice 15 and a channel 16. Outside walls of the working chamber first step and inside walls of the internal cover form a ring shaped inlet passage 17 from the inlet orifice 15 through channel 16 to the inlet tangential slots 13. Outside walls of the working chamber and internal cover and inside walls of the handle-cover 4 form an outlet passage 18 from the working chamber outlet slots 14 to an outlet orifice 19. The step-shaped rotor 6 with a conical rear end is freely, without support, located inside the working chamber 2. A freely rotating ball 22 is secured on the rotor conical end tip, forming with the housing vertax wall 12 a one ball thrust bearing. The stepped rotor has a front portion of a larger circumference than its rear portion, the radially extending dimensions of the rotor vane&#39;s front portions 6a being greater than the corresponding radially extending dimensions of the rotor vane&#39;s rear portions 6b.  The rotor has pins 21 equally spaced on its front main body portion 6c to extend forwardly thereof. The shaft 7, flexibly connected with the rotor, is secured in the rear bearing 24 and the front bearing 25 of the front cover 5. There are radial slots 26 equally spaced on a shaft flange 23 that forms a rear portion of the shaft. The pins 21, engaged with slots 26, form a coupling between the rotor and shaft that permits limited axial and radial floating movement of the rotor relative to the shaft and working chamber. An opposite shaft end has a shaped blind hole 27 for the brush installation. To perform different tasks in everyday tooth and gum care, sets of different types of exchangeable and disposable brushes can be used with the same hydraulic drive. For example a wiretwisted spiral brush 8 with ultrathin--0.003-0.005&#34; dia. radially projected bristles 8a has a shaped adapter 28, fixed on a twisted wire brush core 8b and a ball 29 also fixed on the core. To secure the brush on the shaft 7 the adapter 28 should be inserted into the shaft hole 27 formed in the front end portion of the shaft. The front cover 5 has a hollow elongated cylindrical part 5b with an annular bead 31, wall portions defining a radially outwardly, forwardly opening rectangular notch 32, a longitudinal hole 33 between bearings 24 and 25, an axial channel 20 and inclined jet nozzles 34 in it&#39;s front portion to discharge liquid adjacent to the rear portion of the brush in a direction forwardly and generally away from the front part 38 of the protector-valve. An axial line (central axis) of the elongated cylindrical part is offset against an axial line (central axis) of the front cover body 5a and bearing 24 and 25, the axis of rotation of the shaft and the brush being coextensive with the central axis of the body 5a and the bearings 24 and 25. As may be seen from FIGS. 2 and 6, the protector-valve rear portion has a circular outer peripheral surface that has a radius of curvature eminating from the cylindrical portion central axis. The disposable protector-valve 9, pivotally mounted on the elongated cylindrical part of the front cover has a ring groove 35, a tooth 36, slots 37, an arch front part 38 with halfspherical hole 30. The groove 35 in having the annular bead portion 31 of the part 56 extend therein secures the protector-valve on the front cover and the tooth 36 in being located in the notch 32 restricts the pivoting angle of the protector valve on the front cover. At one extreme pivoting position the slots 37 coincide with the jet nozzles 34 and turn the liquid jets supply on. At the opposite pivoting position the protector-valve walls block the nozzles and shut the jets off. The brush ball end 29 with the halfspherical hole 30 form one ball brush support bearing. The front arch part 38 of the protector-valve is transversely arcuately curved about an angular portion of the brush to guard the lips and tongue from the rotating brush bristles. The combined supply-exhaust flexible tubing 10 consists of a smaller diameter supply tubing 39, located inside of a bigger diameter exhaust tubing 40 and connecting them webs 41. One end of the flexible supply tubing is connected via connector 45 to the inlet opening 15 of the internal cover 2 and the opposite end is connected to a quick coupling 44. One end of the exhaust tubing 40 is connected to the handle-cover 4 by the connector 45. The opposite end of the exhaust tubing is connected to the valve housing 42 of the exhaust valve 11. The housing 42 is secured on the quick coupling 44 and has slots 42a. The drum 43 is pivotly installed on the housing 44 surrounds a tubular portion of the quick coupling that is connected to tubing 39 to provide an annular clearance space 48 and also has slots 43a. The housing and drum slots form an outlet opening through which liquid drains from clearance space 48 into a sewage system or into a pump collecting tank for recycling. The size of the exhaust valve outlet opening is adjustable by pivoting the drum around the housing. The pressure in the brush drive exhaust system is adjusted by changing the outlet opening size of the exhaust valve. 
     Pressurized liquid from a source, for example, a running water faucet flows through a quick coupling 44, supply tubing 39, inlet orifice 15 and channel 16, coming to the ring shaped inlet passage 17. Water jets, entering the first stage of the working chamber 2 through tangential slots 13, rotate the rotor which through the shaft 7 rotates the brush 8. From the first stage of the working chamber water moves through the next stages and then emerges through the outlet slots 14 into the outlet passage 18 and via outlet orifice 19, exhaust tubing 40 and the exhaust valve outlet slots drains into a sink sewage system. Part of the water from the working chamber flows through the axial channel 20 to the nozzles 37 and comes out from the nozzles at a location adjacent to the rear part of the brush as water jets. The amount of water coming from the working chamber to the nozzles is inversely proportional to rotor&#39;s rotating speed and the opening size of the exhaust valve. The lower the brush speed and the smaller an opening of the exhaust valve the bigger amount of liquid comes out of the nozzles. 
     Yet, although the showing of FIG. 2 conveniently summarizes many of the features of the present invention and, although other numerous characteristics and advantages of the present invention, together with details of the structure and function, have been described in detail, it is to be understood that the disclosure is illustrative only. Consequently, any changes made, especially in matters of shape, size and arrangement, to the full extent extended by the general meaning of the terms in which the appending claims are expressed, are within the principal of the invention.