Abstract:
A method of cleaning damaged layers and polymer residue on semiconductor devices includes mixing HF and ozone water in a vessel to form a solution of HF and ozone water, and dipping a semiconductor device in the vessel containing the solution of HF and ozone water. Preferably, ozone water is subsequently introduced into the vessel to replace the solution of HF and ozone water in the vessel.

Description:
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
         [0001]    1. Field of the Invention  
           [0002]    The present invention is directed to a method of cleaning semiconductor devices and, more particularly, to a method of cleaning damaged layers and polymer residue on semiconductor devices.  
           [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art  
           [0004]    As the design rule of semiconductor device gets smaller, the contact region between layers decreases. Due to the small sizes involved, it is difficult to use conventional methods to form a contact region. Accordingly, a manufacturing process that self-aligns the contact pad with a semiconductor layer or an interconnect layer underlying the contact pad is employed for sub-quarter micron semiconductor devices. The resulting self-aligned contact (SAC) has the advantages of allowing increased margin for misalignment error during photolithography, and reducing contact resistance. In the case of forming the SAC, an etch technique having high selectivity is necessary.  
           [0005]    However, it is difficult to remove the damage layer and polymer residue resulting from high-selectivity etch. Accordingly, a cleaning technique is required to remove the damage layer and polymer residue. A conventional cleaning solution contains APM (NH 4 OH/H 2 O 2 /H2O) or SPM (H 2 SO 4 /H 2 O 2  mixture).  
           [0006]    Metal layers are often used in order to increase the speed of semiconductor devices. However, conventional cleaning solutions such, as the foregoing solution, damage metal layers. Therefore, cleaning solutions with EKC (NH 4 OH/C 6 H 4 (OH) 2 /Aminoethoxyethanol) or SMF ( NH 4 OH/CH 3 COOH/H 2 O/HF) are used. However, EKC and SMF solutions do not remove the damage layer and polymer residue resulting from etch processes;  
           [0007]    therefore, contact resistance increases and failures of semiconductor devices occur. Accordingly, there is a need for a method for removing the damaged layer and polymer residue without damaging the metal layer of a semiconductor device.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of cleaning a semiconductor device which includes the steps of: mixing HF and ozone water in a vessel to form a solution of HF and ozone water; and dipping a semiconductor device in the vessel containing the solution of HF and ozone water, wherein the solution contains about 0.034 to about 0.077 wt % HF.  
           [0009]    In a more specific embodiment, the ozone water contains about 5 to about 150 ppm ozone. In another more specific embodiment, the semiconductor device is dipped for about 1 to about 30 minutes.  
           [0010]    Preferably, damaged layers and polymer residue are removed from the semiconductor device by the inventive method.  
           [0011]    In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of cleaning a semiconductor device including the steps of: mixing HF and ozone water in a vessel to form a solution of HF and ozone water; dipping a semiconductor device in the vessel containing the solution of HF and ozone water, and thereafter introducing ozone water into the vessel to replace the solution of HF and ozone water in the vessel, wherein the solution includes about 0.034 to about 0.077 wt % HF.  
           [0012]    In more specific embodiments, ozone water is flowed into the vessel thereby causing an overflow of the solution of HF and ozone water out of the vessel. According to specific embodiments, the ozone water is flowed into the vessel thereby causing the overflow of the solution of HF and ozone water out of the vessel for a period between about 1 and about 30 minutes.  
           [0013]    In accordance with a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of cleaning a semiconductor device including the steps of: introducing HF and ozone water into a vessel to form a solution of HF and ozone water; mixing the HF and ozone water in the vessel to form a uniform solution of HF and ozone water; and dipping a semiconductor device in the vessel containing the uniform solution of HF and ozone water.  
           [0014]    In more particular embodiments, the HF and ozone water are mixed to form a uniform solution by circulation, more specifically by means of a pump.  
           [0015]    In specific embodiments, the HF and ozone water are circulated by flowing the HF and ozone water from an inner bath to an outer bath and pumped back into the inner bath.  
           [0016]    In accordance with still another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of cleaning a semiconductor device including the steps of: introducing HF and ozone water into a vessel to form a solution of HF and ozone water; mixing the HF and ozone water in the vessel to form a uniform solution of HF and ozone water; dipping a semiconductor device in the vessel containing the uniform solution of HF and ozone water; and introducing ozone water into the vessel to replace the solution of HF and ozone water in the vessel.  
           [0017]    Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description. It is to be understood, however, that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the present invention, are given by way of illustration and not limitation. Many changes and modifications within the scope of the present invention may be made without departing from the spirit thereof, and the invention includes all such modifications. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]    The above features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent by describing in detail specific embodiments thereof with reference to the attached drawings in which:  
         [0019]    [0019]FIGS. 1A and 1B illustrate a cleaning method according to the present invention employing an exemplary apparatus as illustrated;  
         [0020]    [0020]FIG. 2 is a graph showing the resistance of the contact region and breakdown voltage between the contact region and the conductive layer adjacent to the contact region as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6;  
         [0021]    [0021]FIGS. 3 and 4 are X-ray photospectroscopy (XPS) analysis graphs comparing cleaning methods according to the invention with prior art methods; and  
         [0022]    [0022]FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate examples of semiconductor processes in which embodiments of cleaning methods according to the present invention are applied. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0023]    The priority Korean Patent Application No. 00-xxxxx, filed xxxxx, 2000, is hereby incorporated in its entirety by reference.  
         [0024]    After forming a contact hole, polymer residue and damage layers resulting from etch process, which are a kind of abnormal oxide, remain. In order to remove the polymer residue and damage layers, the present invention use a cleaning solution with a mixture of ozone water and hydrofluoric acid (HF). Ozone water is effective in removing organic material such as polymers. Also, ozone water does not give rise to environment concerns. HF is effective in removing damage layers and polymer residue.  
         [0025]    Ozone decomposes to generate active radicals, which work as strong oxidizers. The decomposition mechanism is as follows:  
         O 3 +OH − →O 2   − +HO 2 *   (1)  
         O 3 +HO 2 *→2O 2 +OH*   (2)  
         O 3 +OH*→O 2 +HO 2 *   (3)  
         2H 2 O*→O 3 +H 2 O   (4)  
         HO 2 *+OH*→O 2 +H 2 O   (5)  
         [0026]    The active radicals react with the organic material on the surface of the semiconductor substrate to break C—H, C—C, and C═O bonds. Thus, organic material is easily removed and the surface is oxidized.  
         [0027]    The reaction mechanism of ozone (O 3 ) is as follows:  
         O 3 +organic material (e.g. polymer)→CO 2 +H 2 O   (1)  
         O 3 +M(surface)→MOx+O 2    (2)  
         [0028]    The present invention provides a cleaning process using the cleaning solution with ozone water and HF as follows (referring to FIGS.  1 A-B): first, inner bath  31  is supplied with ozone water and HF through supply lines  33 ,  34 , respectively. Next, ozone water and HF are mixed by circulation. The circulation preferably is carried out by flowing the cleaning solution in the inner bath  31  into an outer bath  32  and then again flowing cleaning solution from outer bath  32  into the inner bath  31  through supply line  36  using a working pump connected to the outer bath  32 . Then, a semiconductor device is dipped into the bath.  
         [0029]    It is desirable to overflow the ozone water after the last step (3) in FIG. 1B. Ozone water is overflowed by supplying it through the supply line  33 . Overflowing ozone water rinses the cleaning solution off and makes the surface of the semiconductor device hydrophilic to prevent contamination on the surface of the semiconductor.  
         [0030]    In step  1  in FIG. 1B, it is effective that the concentration of the ozone water is between about 22 and about 27 ppm.  
         [0031]    [0031]FIG. 2 shows the resistance of the contact region and the breakdown voltage between the contact region and conductive layer adjacent to the contact region as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, according to the concentration of HF after cleaning by using HF and ozone water solution (the concentration of O 3  in ozone water being about 20 ppm). Line D shows that as the concentration of HF increases, the resistance of the contact region decreases. The resistance below line B (line B indicating 40 kohm ) doesn&#39;t lead to failure of the device. To meet this condition, the concentration of HF preferably should be more than about 0.034 wt %.  
         [0032]    Line C shows that the breakdown voltage between the contact region and the conductive layer adjacent to the contact region decreases as the concentration of HF increases. The decrease in the breakdown voltage means an increase in the leakage current between the contact region and the conductive layer. The breakdown voltage above line A ( line A indicating 18V) doesn&#39;t lead to failure of the device. To meet this condition, the concentration of HF preferably should be less than about 0.077 wt %.  
         [0033]    Accordingly, the effective concentration of HF preferably is about 0.034 to about 0.077 wt % in order to decrease the resistance of the contact region without decreasing the breakdown voltage between the contact region and conductive layer.  
         [0034]    In step  2  in FIG. 1B, it is important to mix the ozone water and HF without dropping the concentration of O 3 . After supplying the ozone water and HF into the inner bath, the ozone water and HF from the inner bath to the outer bath is circulated before dipping wafers into the bath. Without the circulation, the uniformity of etch rate is about 0.3%. With circulation, the uniformity of the etch rate is about 0.1 to about 0.15%. Referring to table 1, it is desirable that the circulation proceed for about 30 to about 60 secs after supplying the ozone water and HF.  
                               TABLE 1                           Circulation   0   30   60   120       time(sec.)       Drop of O 3         1.3 ppm   2.2 ppm   4.7 ppm       concentration       Etch   About 0.3%   0.1˜0.15%   0.1˜0.15%   0.1˜0.15%       uniformity                  
 
         [0035]    [0035]FIGS. 3 and 4 present X-ray Photospectroscopy (XPS) analysis graphs. The graph line  61  shows the result of no cleaning after forming a contact region. Graph line  62  shows the result of cleaning with EKC. Graph line  63  shows the result of cleaning with SMF. Graph line  64  shows the result of cleaning with ozone water and HF using a method of the present invention.  
         [0036]    As seen in FIG. 3, when the present invention is applied to cleaning the contact region, the SiO x  peak decreased. SiO x  is considered a contaminant. As seen in FIG. 4, when the present invention is applied to cleaning the contact region, the Si—C peak decreases.  
         [0037]    [0037]FIGS. 5 and 6 show examples of semiconductor processes in which methods according to the present invention is applied. FIG. 5 shows a Self Aligned Contact (SAC) structure, which is formed as follows. A gate insulator (not shown) is first formed on a semiconductor substrate  81 . Next, a gate electrode  82  is formed on the gate insulator. A first dielectric layer  83  is then formed on the gate electrode  82  and the surface of the semiconductor substrate  81 . A second dielectric layer  84  is formed on the first dielectric layer  83 , wherein the second dielectric layer  84  has a high etch selectivity compared to first dielectric layer  83 . Then, a contact hole  85  is formed by etching the second and first dielectric layers.  
         [0038]    The second dielectric layer  84  preferably has a high etch selectivity compared to the first dielectric layer  83  so that the gate electrode is not exposed during the etch. For example, a nitride layer can be used as the first dielectric layer  83 , and an oxide layer can be used as the second dielectric layer  84 .  
         [0039]    After forming the contact hole by using a cleaning method according to the present invention, the damage layer and the polymer residue resulting from the etch process are removed.  
         [0040]    [0040]FIG. 6 shows a contact hole, wherein the contact hole connects a storage electrode to a contact pad. The contact hole is formed between bit lines. Thus, a dielectric layer  91  is provided in which a conductive layer  92  (i.e., a storage electrode) is formed. A bit line  93  is next formed, followed by formation of a first dielectric layer  94  and a second dielectric layer  95 . Contact hole  96  is then formed by etching the first and second dielectric layers  94  and  95 . After forming the contact hole  96  as shown FIG. 6, by using a cleaning method of the present invention, the damage layer and the polymer residue resulting from the etch process are removed.  
         [0041]    While this invention has been particularly shown and described with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made to the described embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.