Abstract:
The invention relates to an interpolation filter and to a method for filtering a digital input signal. The interpolation filter has an amplitude characteristic with a low-pass-shaped damping curve in the useful signal frequency range of the digital input signal. The group delay time of the interpolation filter is essentially constant in the useful signal frequency range and can be adjusted within a clock period of the equidistant digital signal.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD 
     The invention relates to an interpolation filter and a method for interpolating a digital signal that can be used, in particular, for sampling frequency conversion. 
     BACKGROUND ART 
     There are a multiplicity of applications in which it is necessary to vary the frequency of a given digital equidistant time signal by means of digital filtering. Interpolation filters are used as component circuits in digital switching systems in which a change in the sampling frequency of digital signals is necessary. Systems that are concerned only with simple integral sampling frequency ratios are not the subject matter of the invention. 
     Methods for arbitrarily changing sampling frequencies are described in “IEEE, Transactions of Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing”, Volume ASSP-32, No. 3, July 1984, pages 577–591 under the title of “Digital Methods for Conversion between Arbitrary Sampling Frequencies”, author: T. A. Ramstad. The associated circuits are denoted as hybrid systems that consist of a first interpolation filter with a fixed sampling frequency ratio, and a second interpolation filter. The second interpolation filter determines intermediate values that lie arbitrarily in time between the fixed samples of the sampling lattice downstream of the second interpolation filter, and thus permit arbitrary sampling frequency ratios. The first interpolation filter includes an interpolation device and a digital filter as a combination. The interpolation device, which is also denoted as an oversampling device, is used to insert “0” values between the original samples in accordance with an oversampling factor N. A downstream digital filter is the first to smooth the variation in the digital samples, the signal jumps to the 0 values, in particular, being compensated such that the spectrum of the useful signal is not falsified by higher frequency components. The first interpolation filter is designed for this purpose such that relatively large frequency band gaps are formed in the infinitely extending frequency spectrum. It holds in the case of oversampling as well that the frequency spectra are reflected at half the original sampling frequency and multiples thereof. However, a new sampling frequency that forms an integral frequency ratio with the original sampling frequency is to be assumed downstream of the interpolation device and of the digital filter. The digital filter in this case removes the remaining spectral components between the useful signal band and the reflected frequency band in the case of the new sampling frequency and the associated frequency multiples. The digital filter functions in this case simply as a digital lowpass filter that passes the useful signal frequency band and suppresses the frequency components thereabove. In this case, however, a reflection occurs at half the sampling frequency in accordance with the sampling theorem. It follows that a digital lowpass filter cannot suppress the multiples of the sampling frequency. 
     The spectral signal components in the new sampling frequency and the frequency multiples must be suppressed for the implementation of arbitrary sampling frequency ratios. If these signal interference components are not suppressed, signal interference components occur in the useful signal frequency band during the generation of arbitrary sampling frequency ratios. The first interpolation filter is described in “Proceedings of the IEEE”, Volume 61, No. 6, June 1973, pages 692–702, and in the article by R. W. Schafer and L. R. Rabbiner entitled “A Digital Signal Processing Approach to Interpolation”. 
     A method having a hybrid system for sampling frequency conversion is disclosed in EP-A-0 561 067. This system operates with an oversampling factor of N=2, and therefore achieves only a relatively poor signal-to-noise ratio. This poor signal-to-noise ratio is tolerable in the case of this hybrid system since it is used for video signal applications. A second interpolation filter is implemented as a lowpass filter that suppresses all signal components whose frequencies are greater than 1.5 times the value of the original sampling frequency. The analog lowpass response is achieved with the aid of a transverse filter in the case of which the weighting factors of the stored samples depend on a time difference value. Such a lowpass filter suppresses in this case not only the remaining spectral signal components in the frequency multiples of the new sampling frequency, but the entire frequency spectral region above a blocking edge. Although having a comparable transmitting/blocking characteristic, in comparison with a corresponding comb filter arrangement such a lowpass filter can be implemented only at great expense. 
     The “Journal of Audio Engineering Society”, Volume 41, No. 7/8, 1993, pages 539–555 by R. Adams and T. Corn entitled “Theory and VLSI Architectures for Asynchronous Sample Rate Converters” describes a method for a sampling frequency conversion system that treats the use of relatively simple sample-and-hold circuits, on the one hand, and the use of lowpass filters as analog resamplers, on the other hand. 
     After the N-fold oversampling and filtering there are present in each case in the frequency spectrum downstream of the first interpolation filter in the abovenamed systems interference signal frequency bands whose center frequencies are at the frequency multiples of the new sampling frequency. The frequency bandwidth of each signal interference region is equal in this case to double the frequency bandwidth of the useful signal. If the Nyquist condition for the original digitization is fulfilled, the frequency bandwidth of the interference signal region exhibits in the limiting case at most the value of the original sampling frequency. The position and bandwidth of all the interference regions are defined in the frequency spectrum by the original sampling frequency and the original oversampling factor N. The N-fold oversampling of the original digital sampling frequency has the effect that the relative frequency bandwidth of the interference signal regions in the frequency spectrum is reduced by the factor of 1/N referred to the new sampling frequency. This facilitates the separation of the useful signal frequency band from the respective interference signal frequency region, since the transition region between the transmission and the blocking frequency band for the second interpolation filter is enlarged. This reduces the outlay on circuitry required for the second interpolation filter. However, the price for this is a higher outlay on circuitry for the smoothing filter in the first interpolation filter. There is therefore either a need for a very complicated first interpolation filter and a simple second interpolation filter, for example a linear interpolator, or there is a simple first interpolation filter, for example with a very small oversampling, and a very complicated lowpass filter with the aid of which the analog resampler is implemented. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     EP 0 696 848 A1 therefore proposed for the purpose of digital interpolation of signals a method which leads to a very high signal-to-noise ratio in conjunction with a low outlay on circuitry for the filter system, which consists of a first and second interpolation filter. In this method for digital interpolation of signals, weighting factors or filter coefficients are multiplied by delayed input values of a digital signal that has a first clock frequency, the delay depending on a time difference value which is determined by the interpolation instant and by the time pattern of the first clock signal. The filter coefficients of the interpolation filter are determined by the pulse response h(t) in the time domain. The associated transfer function H(F) has in the frequency domain a signal attenuation characteristic which, with reference to the stop bands, is restricted essentially to the signal interference regions situated at the frequency multiples of the first clock frequency. In this case, at least two mutually adjacent zero points are assigned to each of these signal interference regions in the frequency band. Given the presence of zero points of double order, at least one further zero point of the transfer function H(F) is assigned to at least one of the interference regions and the associated periodic interference regions. 
     The amplitude response of the interpolation filter described in EP 0 696 841 A1 varies like a comb and, because of the narrowband interference signal frequency bands, exhibits an only very narrowband useful signal frequency band. 
     It is therefore the object of the present invention to create an interpolation filter for filtering a digital input signal, and a method for digital interpolation of digital input signals that exhibit a broadband useful signal frequency band. 
     This object is achieved according to the invention by means of an interpolation filter. 
     The invention creates an interpolation filter for filtering a digital input signal whose amplitude response exhibits a lowpass-type attenuation curve in the useful signal frequency band of the digital input signal. 
     Because of the broadband useful signal frequency band, the interpolation filter according to the invention offers the advantage that it is also possible to process broadband digital input signals. 
     A further advantage consists in that the interpolation filter according to the invention can also be used for analog-to-digital converters with very high sampling frequencies since, in practical applications, the entire circuit is calculated for an only onefold to fourfold useful signal bandwidth. 
     The low sampling frequencies or the long clock periods T of the digital signal processing offer the advantage that the components of the interpolation filter, for example demultiplexers, operate at low frequencies and can therefore be implemented with particular ease in terms of circuitry. 
     This has the advantage, in turn, that the components of the interpolation filter can be integrated on a small chip area and have a low power consumption. 
     In an advantageous refinement of the interpolation filter according to the invention, there is connected downstream of the interpolation filter a highpass filter for compensating the lowpass-type amplitude response of the interpolation filter. 
     This offers the advantage that signal distortions are removed because of the lowpass-type attenuation curve in the filtered output signal of the interpolation filter. 
     The group delay of the interpolation filter advantageously runs in an essentially constant fashion in the useful signal frequency band of the digital input signal. 
     The digital input signal that is filtered by the interpolation filter according to the invention is preferably an equidistant digital signal with a predetermined clock pulse period T in . 
     In this case, the group delay of the interpolation filter according to the invention can preferably be set inside the clock pulse period T in  of the digital input signal. 
     The ratio of the clock pulse periods of the digital input signal T in  and the digital output signal T aus  filtered by the interpolation filter can preferably be set. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment, the interpolation filter and the downstream highpass filter together exhibit a sinc filter characteristic. 
     A further interpolation filter is preferably connected upstream of the interpolation filter for the purpose of constricting the useful signal frequency band. 
     The upstream interpolation filter is preferably a polyphase filter. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment of the interpolation filter according to the invention, the interpolation filter consists of 
     a filter coefficient generator for generating filter coefficients as a function of a base function, 
     a multiplier for multiplying the digital input signal by the generated filter coefficients, and an accumulator for accumulating the digital input signal weighted by the multiplication. 
     The base function is preferably stored in a storage device of the interpolation filter. 
     As an alternative to this, in accordance with a further embodiment the interpolation filter according to the invention has a base function generator for generating the base function as a function of fundamental functions. 
     It is preferred for this purpose to provide a storage device for storing the fundamental functions. 
     In a preferred embodiment of the interpolation filter according to the invention, the latter has a controllable switching device that can be switched for reading out the weighted digital input signal as digital output signal. 
     In a preferred embodiment, the accumulator consists of an adder and a register whose output is fed back to an input of the adder. 
     The invention further creates a method for digital interpolation of a digital input signal. 
     The invention creates a method for digital interpolation of a digital input signal having the following steps, specifically 
     receiving a digital input signal with a predetermined clock frequency, 
     determining filter coefficients of a settable interpolation filter whose amplitude response exhibits a lowpass-type attenuation curve in the useful signal frequency band of the digital input signal, 
     filtering the digital input signal by means of the set interpolation filter. 
     In the case of the method according to the invention, the filter coefficients of the interpolation filter are preferably determined as a function of a base function. 
     This base function is preferably stored in advance in a memory. 
     As an alternative to this, in accordance with a further embodiment of the method according to the invention the base function is generated from prescribed fundamental functions. 
     In this case, a first fundamental function is preferably a time-limited power sine function. 
     The second fundamental function is preferably a first-order sample-and-hold function. 
     In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, a multiplicity of sets of filter coefficients of the interpolation filter are generated as a function of the base function which in each case exhibit in the useful signal frequency band an essentially identical amplitude response, but different group delays, there subsequently being selected for the purpose of determining the filter coefficients of the interpolation filter that set of filter coefficients whose group delay τ corresponds to the set desired group delay. 
    
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
       Preferred embodiments of the interpolation filter according to the invention for filtering a digital input signal, and of the method according to the invention for digital interpolation of a digital input signal are described below with reference to the attached figures for explaining features essential to the invention. 
       In the drawing: 
         FIG. 1  shows a typical circuit arrangement that contains the interpolation filter according to the invention; 
         FIG. 2  shows a preferred embodiment of the interpolation filter according to the invention; 
         FIG. 3   a  shows an amplitude response of the interpolation filter according to the invention; 
         FIG. 3   b  shows the group delay of an interpolation filter according to the invention; 
         FIG. 4   a  shows the amplitude response of a first exemplary interpolation filter in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 4   b  shows the associated group delay curve of the interpolation filter according to the invention with the amplitude response in accordance with  FIG. 4   a;    
         FIG. 5   a  shows the amplitude response of a further interpolation filter in accordance with the invention; 
         FIG. 5   b  shows the group delay curve of the interpolation filter with the amplitude response illustrated in  FIG. 5   a;    
         FIG. 6  shows an example of a base function that is used for determining the filter coefficients of the interpolation filter according to the invention; and 
         FIG. 7  shows the curve of the group delay of a preferred embodiment of the interpolation filter according to the invention with the base function illustrated in  FIG. 6 , by comparison with the curve of the group delay of an interpolation filter according to the prior art. 
     
    
    
       FIG. 1  shows a typical circuit arrangement in which the interpolation filter according to the invention is used to filter a digital input signal. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     An analog signal present on a line  1  is sampled by an analog-to-digital converter  2  with a sampling frequency f abtast , that is fed via a clock line  3 , and a digitized output signal is output by the analog-to-digital converter  2  to the interpolation filter  5  according to the invention via a line  4 . The interpolation filter  5  has setting lines  6 ,  7  for setting the desired group delay τ and the dicimation factor K. The interpolation filter  5  filters the digital input signal present on the line  4  and outputs a filtered digital output signal to a downstream highpass filter  9  via a signal line  8 . The highpass filter  9  filters the filtered output signal, present on the line  8 , of the interpolation filter  5  according to the invention once again and outputs a corresponding filtered output signal via a line  10 . 
     The digital input signal present at the interpolation filter  5  has a clock frequency f in  that corresponds to the sampling frequency f abtast  of the analog-to-digital converter  2 . The filtered digital output signal present on the signal output line  8  has an output clock frequency f aus . The decimation factor K, which can be set via the setting line  7 , specifies the ratio between the input frequency f in  of the digital input signal and the output frequency f aus  of the filtered digital output signal. 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     The interpolation filter  5  according to the invention has an amplitude response with a lowpass-type attenuation curve in the useful signal frequency band of the digital input signal present on the line  4 . Distortions in the digitized output signal of the interpolation filter  5  occur because of the lowpass-type attenuation curve of the interpolation filter. The downstream highpass filter  9  serves to remove these distortions that have occurred by compensating the lowpass-type amplitude response of the interpolation filter  5  by means of an amplitude response that runs in a complementary fashion thereto. 
       FIG. 2  shows a preferred embodiment of the interpolation filter  5  according to the invention illustrated in  FIG. 1 . The interpolation filter  5  has a signal input  11  for receiving a digital input signal. The digital signal input  11  of the interpolation filter  5  is connected via a line  12  to a multiplier  13 . The multiplier  13  multiples the digital input signal present on the line  12  by filter coefficients or weighting factors that are present on a line  14  of the interpolation filter  5 . The filter coefficients of the interpolation filter  5  are generated in this case in a filter coefficient generator  15  of the interpolation filter  5 . The filter coefficient generator  15  is connected via internal setting lines  16 ,  17  to setting terminals  18 ,  19  of the interpolation filter  5 . The desired decimation factor K can be set via the setting terminal  18  of the interpolation filter  5 . The desired group delay τ of the interpolation filter  5  can be set at the setting terminal  19 . The filter coefficient generator  15  generates the filter coefficients as a function of a base function. Here, in the embodiment illustrated in  FIG. 2  the base function is stored in a storage device  20  and is read out via an internal line  21  by the filter coefficient generator  15 . 
     In an alternative embodiment, the base function is not stored in advance, but is generated by a base function generator as a function of fundamental functions. The fundamental functions are preferably stored in a storage device in this case. 
     The digital input signal weighted by multiplication passes from the multiplier  13  via an internal line  22  to an accumulator  23  for accumulating the weighted digital input signal. The accumulator  23  includes an adder  24  that is connected on the output side to a register  26  via a line  25 . The output line  27  of the register  26  is fed back via a line  28  to a second input of the adder  24 . The output line  27  is connected to a switching device  28 . The switching device  28  can be controlled via a control line  29  that is coupled to a resetting line  30  for the register  26 . The resetting line  30  is connected to a resetting terminal  31  of the interpolation filter  5 . Furthermore, an internal resetting line  32  for the filter coefficient generator  15  is connected to the resetting line  30 . The switching device  28  is connected via an internal line  33  to a digital signal output  34  of the interpolation filter  5 . The highpass filter  9  illustrated in  FIG. 1  can, for example, be connected to the digital signal output  34 . 
     The register  26  of the accumulator  23  can be reset via the resetting line  30 , the accumulated digital value buffered in the register  26  being output to the digital signal output  34  for reading out before the resetting via the switching device  28 . The resetting terminal  31  of the interpolation filter  5  is preferably connected to a central controller. 
       FIG. 3   a  shows the amplitude response of the interpolation filter  5  according to the invention. The amplitude response of the interpolation filter  5  according to the invention has a lowpass-type attenuation curve as early as in the useful signal frequency band Δf nutz  of the digital input signal. The amplitude characteristic is slightly wavy in the higher-frequency band and has a plurality of zero points. The attenuation in this higher frequency band is very high. The interpolation filter  5  likewise has a certain attenuation, which must be consciously accepted, in the useful signal frequency band or transmission frequency band. 
       FIG. 3   b  shows the associated group delay τ of the interpolation filter  5 . The group delay τ is the derivative of the phase response of the interpolation filter  5  with respect to frequency. As may be seen from  FIG. 3   b , the group delay τ of the interpolation filter  5  in the useful signal frequency band Δf nutz  of the digital input signal is essentially constant and does not diverge until in higher-frequency regions. 
       FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b  show the amplitude response and the associated characteristic of the group delay τ as an example of an interpolation filter  5  according to the invention having the following base function BF(x): 
     
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
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     The filter coefficient generator  15  of the interpolation filter  5  uses the stored or generated base functions to generate various sets of filter coefficients, each of which respectively has in the useful signal frequency band Δf nutz  an essentially equal amplitude response but different group delays τ. As may be seen from  FIG. 4   a , the amplitude responses that are generated by the various sets of filter coefficients are essentially equal in the useful signal frequency band Δf nutz  up to f=0.45 f in . Here, f in  is the frequency of the digital input signal present at the digital data input  11  of the interpolation filter  5 . 
     As may be seen from  FIG. 4   b , there are, however, differences between the group delays, which are produced by the various sets of filter coefficients that are generated by the filter coefficient generator  15  on the basis of the base function. Inside the useful signal frequency band Δf nutz , the group delays run in an essentially constant fashion in this case up to f=0.45 f in . 
     The filter coefficient generator  15  compares the group delays τ with the desired group delay τ soll  set via the setting line  17 , and selects that set of filter coefficients whose group delay corresponds inside the useful signal frequency band Δf nutz  to the set desired group delay. That set of filter coefficients is selected in the case of which the deviation between the group delay τ that is constant in the useful signal frequency band and the desired group delay τ soll  is minimal. 
       FIGS. 5   a ,  5   b  show a further example of an interpolation filter  5  according to the invention whose useful signal frequency band is approximately 0.24 f in . It may be seen from  FIGS. 5   a ,  5   b  that the attenuation curve is of lowpass type inside and outside the useful signal frequency band. 
       FIG. 6  shows the characteristic of the base function BF(x) used, doing so for the interpolation filter illustrated in  FIGS. 4   a ,  4   b.    
     As already mentioned, a highpass filter  9  can be connected downstream of the interpolation filter  5  in order to compensate distortions produced by the lowpass-type attenuation curve of the amplitude response of the interpolation filter  5 . The series circuit of the interpolation filter  5  with the highpass filter  9  preferably exhibits a sinc filter characteristic. Furthermore, a further interpolation filter of conventional type can be connected upstream of the interpolation filter  5  for the purpose of constricting the useful signal frequency band. This upstream interpolation filter can be a polyphase filter. 
     For the purpose of digital interpolation of the digital input signal, which has a specific clock frequency f in , the filter coefficients of the settable interpolation filter  5  are determined in such a way that the amplitude response exhibits a lowpass-type attenuation curve in the useful signal frequency range Δf nutz  of the digital input signal. The filter coefficients of the interpolation filter  5  are determined in this case as a function of a base function BF. This base function BF is either stored in advance in an internal memory  20  of the interpolation filter  5 , or generated by a base function generator on the basis of prescribed fundamental functions BF. 
     Two fundamental functions are preferably used in this case, the first fundamental function being a time-limited power sine function having the following equation:
 
 h   1 ( t )=sin [ t·π/n]   m ·σ( t )−sin[ t·π/n]   m ·σ( t−n )  (3)
 
 m,n&gt;= 1 m, nεR, 
 
     σ (t−n) being the unit-step function at the instant n. 
     The second fundamental function is a first-order sample-and-hold function having the following equation:
 
 h   2 ( t )=σ( t )−σ( t−n ),  (4)
 
σ (t−n) being the unit-step function at the instant n.
 
     The base functions BF can either consist of the fundamental functions GF according to equation (3), (4) themselves, or be generated by logic operations of the fundamental functions in the base function generator. 
     The logic operations comprise the following operations:
     a) convolution of two pulse responses of the fundamental functions in the time domain, and formation of a resulting new pulse response as base function,   b) shifting and multiplying the transfer functions in the frequency domain, and forming a resulting new pulse response as base function,   c) shifting and adding two equal pulse responses in the time domain, and forming a resulting new pulse response as base function,   d) adding two different pulse responses in the time domain, and forming a resulting, new pulse response as base function,   e) compressing and expanding, or expanding and compressing the pulse responses in the time domain or frequency domain,   f) raising the pulse response in the time domain to the power of a rational number, and   g) windowing the pulse response with the aid of a prescribed window.   

     If the calculation of the base function in real time is too expensive in terms of circuitry, as an alternative to the generation of the base function it is possible for the base function to be stored as a sampled pulse response in a storage device  20 , for example a ROM, of the interpolation filter  5 . In this case, the values stored in the base function memory  20  are read out by the filter coefficient generator  15 . It is also possible for the pulse response of the base function BF to be approximated by polynomials as a whole or in sections. 
     The base functions BF can also be generated by multiple logic operations on the basis of the fundamental functions GF. 
     The interpolation filter according to the invention meets various requirements. 
     The differences between the amplitude responses of the individual polyphases are minimized for a prescribed outlay on circuitry. 
     The group delays τ of the individual polyphases continue to run in an essentially constant fashion inside a clock pulse period T in  of the digital input signal. 
     Each individual polyphase has amplitude differences of at least 2 dB. 
     Furthermore, the interpolation filter according to the invention has a lowpass characteristic. 
     It is also possible to construct hybrid systems with the aid of the interpolation filter according to the invention. In this case, the interpolation filter is split up into two polyphases, two architectures being on offer for the implementation. Here, in the case of the first architecture the even filter coefficients are multiplied by one polyphase, and the odd filter coefficients are multiplied by the other polyphase. In the case of the other architecture, a lowpass signal is generated by adding the two polyphases. Thereupon, this signal is convoluted with the sampled time-continuous filter. A high pass signal is likewise generated, by subtracting one polyphase from the other. Thereupon, each second sample is inverted in the case of the time-continuous filter before carrying out signal convolution. Finally, the convoluted lowpass and high pass signals are added to one another. 
       FIG. 7  shows the group delay characteristic of an interpolation filter  5  according to the invention by comparison with the group delay characteristic of a conventional interpolation filter according to the prior art, which exhibits a sinc filter characteristic. 
     In the example illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the interpolation filter  5  according to the invention is an interpolation filter with 10 generated filter coefficients that each have a word length of 10 bits. In this case, the base function specified in equation (2) is used as base function for generating the filter coefficients. The interpolation filter  5  according to the invention generates the group delay characteristic τ 1  which, as may be seen from  FIG. 7 , deviates only minimally from the set ideal group delay. 
     By comparison, the conventional interpolation filter generates a group delay characteristic τ 2  that deviates increasingly from the ideal or set group delay at higher frequencies. In the example illustrated in  FIG. 7 , the conventional interpolation filter, which has a group delay characteristic τ 2 , is an interpolation filter with 256 filter coefficients that each have a word length of 27 bits. 
     In the example illustrated in  FIG. 7 , because of the high number of filter coefficients and the large word length of the filter coefficients, the conventional interpolation filter can be constructed only with a very high outlay on circuitry that is far above the outlay on circuitry for the interpolation filter  5 . As shown in  FIG. 7 , despite the higher outlay on circuitry in the case of the conventional interpolation filter ( 5 ), the group delay characteristic τ 2  in the case of the conventional interpolation filter  5  deviates substantially more sharply from the ideal desired group delay (τ ideal ) than does the group delay characteristic τ 1  in the case of the interpolation filter according to the invention. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
               
                 List of reference numerals 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 1 
                 Line 
               
               
                 2 
                 Analog-to-digital converter 
               
               
                 3 
                 Clock signal line 
               
               
                 4 
                 Line 
               
               
                 5 
                 Interpolation filter 
               
               
                 6 
                 Setting line 
               
               
                 7 
                 Setting line 
               
               
                 8 
                 Signal output line 
               
               
                 9 
                 Highpass filter 
               
               
                 10 
                 Line 
               
               
                 11 
                 Digital signal input 
               
               
                 12 
                 Line 
               
               
                 13 
                 Multiplier 
               
               
                 14 
                 Line 
               
               
                 15 
                 Filter coefficient calculator 
               
               
                 16 
                 Setting line 
               
               
                 17 
                 Setting line 
               
               
                 18 
                 Setting terminal 
               
               
                 19 
                 Setting terminal 
               
               
                 20 
                 Storage device 
               
               
                 21 
                 Line 
               
               
                 22 
                 Line 
               
               
                 23 
                 Accumulator 
               
               
                 24 
                 Adder 
               
               
                 25 
                 Line 
               
               
                 26 
                 Register 
               
               
                 27 
                 Line 
               
               
                 28 
                 Feedback line 
               
               
                 29 
                 Resetting line 
               
               
                 30 
                 Resetting line 
               
               
                 31 
                 Resetting terminal 
               
               
                 32 
                 Resetting line 
               
               
                 33 
                 Output line 
               
               
                 34 
                 Output terminal