Abstract:
A composition that induces synthesis of stress protective proteins during application of physical or physiological stresses, or physiopathological aggressions on cells including a water-alcohol extract of red algae, taurine and derivatives: about 1 to about 5%, floridoside and derivatives: about 10 to about 25%, one or more of carotenoids and PUFAs, one or more water-soluble vitamins, one or more free amino acids and derivatives, and one or more pigments; and a method of protecting skin against wrinkle formation including administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition including a water-alcohol extract of red algae that induces synthesis of stress protective proteins during physical or physiological stresses, or physiopathological aggressions on skin cells.

Description:
RELATED APPLICATION  
       [0001]    This is a continuation of International Application No. PCT/FRO2/03901, with an international filing date of Nov. 14, 2002 (WO 03/041679, published May 22, 2003), which is based on French Patent Application Nos. 01/14731, filed Nov. 14, 2001, and 02/14253, filed Nov. 11, 2002. 
     
    
     
       FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
         [0002]    This invention pertains to the field of products based on algae extracts used as nutritional supplements and in cosmetic and dermatological applications for cell protection.  
         BACKGROUND  
         [0003]    Red algae belonging to the genus  Porphyra  comprise multiple species including:  Porphyra umbilicalis , collected in Brittany;  Porphyra purpurea , present in Brittany;  Porphyra tenera , cultivated in Japan;  Porphyra yezoensis , cultivated in Japan; and  Porphyra columbina , collected in Australia.  
           [0004]    The alimentary species of  Porphyra  are also called “nori.” The species  Porphyra umbilicalis  forms a thin orbicular lanceolate lamella of purplish color which can reach 60 cm in length. The  Porphyra  species are the most widely consumed alimentary algae in the world. In France, the species  Porphyra umbilicalis  is approved for human alimentary consumption. The nutritional value of this algae stems from its richness in various compounds such as:  
           [0005]    proteins, up to 45% of the dry matter, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), up to 5% of the algae lipids, group B vitamins, vitamin B12 in particular, and vitamin A and the carotenoids.  
           [0006]    The prior art contains descriptions of numerous properties of extracts of the algae  Porphyra  and the compounds that they contain such as, for example:  
           [0007]    antioxidant properties of a methanol extract (80%) of  Porphyra tenera ; antioxidant properties of extracts in various polar and apolar solvents of  Porphyra yezoensis , of the methanol extract, in particular; antioxidant properties of an extract made with methanol (50%) and acetone; the presence of high concentrations of taurine and its derivatives, soluble in water-alcohol medium, known for its elicitor properties of chaperone proteins (HSP); the presence of derivatives of soluble sugars in water-alcohol medium such as floridoside (alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-(1-2)-glycerol) and its isomers which play an essential role in the osmotic regulation of cell medium subjected to notable hydric stresses; and the presence of porphyran, polysaccharide of the gars family, not extracted because it is not soluble in water-alcohol solutions having an alcohol content greater than 70% which have immunostimulant and antitumor properties.  
         SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
         [0008]    This invention relates to a composition that induces synthesis of stress protective proteins during application of physical or physiological stresses, or physiopathological aggressions on cells including a water-alcohol extract of red algae, taurine and derivatives: about 1 to about 5%, floridoside and derivatives: about 10 to about 25%, one or more of carotenoids and PUFAs, one or more water-soluble vitamins, one or more free amino acids and derivatives, and one or more pigments.  
           [0009]    This invention also relates to a method of protecting skin against wrinkle formation including administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition including a water-alcohol extract of red algae that induces synthesis of stress protective proteins during physical or physiological stresses, or physiopathological aggressions on skin cells.  
           [0010]    This invention further relates to a method of inducing synthesis of stress protective proteins in skin including administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition including a water-alcohol extract of red algae to a patient.  
           [0011]    This invention still further relates to a method of protecting skin against thermal shock, UV radiation, infection and inflammation comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a water-alcohol extract of red algae that induces synthesis of stress protective proteins in the skin. 
       
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0012]    Other advantages and characteristics of the invention will become apparent from the examples below concerning the activity of a water-alcohol extract of  Porphyra umbilicalis  on the response to thermal shock or UV radiation of cells in in-vitro culture. Reference will be made to these examples in the attached drawings in which:  
         [0013]    [0013]FIG. 1 shows the kinetics of the production of growth hormone (hGH) by CHO cells.  
         [0014]    [0014]FIG. 2 shows a Western blot analysis of the levels of various HSPs produced by HeLa cells after a thermal shock. The  Porphyra  extract is indicated as E and the control as T.  
         [0015]    [0015]FIG. 3 shows a Western blot analysis of the levels of the different HSPs produced by HaCat cells after UV irradiation. The  Porphyra  extract is indicated as E and the control as T.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION  
       [0016]    We have now demonstrated that a water-alcohol extract of the red algae  Porphyra umbilicalis  has the capacity to induce the synthesis of stress protective proteins during various physical stresses on cells. This unexpected capacity confers on these extracts a remarkable value for preparing active compositions for protecting cells from the stress caused by physiological or physical stresses such as a thermal shock or exposure to UV rays or even by physiopathological stresses notably infections and inflammations.  
         [0017]    In fact, the synthesis of stress protective proteins described in response to treatments that accelerate the denaturation of proteins such as heat is a generalized defense mechanism developed by the cell to confront a very large diversity of aggressions. The stress protective proteins combine with proteins whose three-dimensional structure is altered by the fact of an aggression and participate in their elimination, their restoration or the stress proteins combine with proteins whose three-dimensional structure is not yet acquired (proteins in the process of biosynthesis) and participate in their maturation. The stress protective proteins thereby protect the cells by preserving the integrity of their components and thus their functionality.  
         [0018]    The earlier induction of synthesis of stress protective proteins in response to an aggression and an enhanced synthesis of these proteins are thus the advantages for the cells conferring on them a more effective protection system.  
         [0019]    The invention consequently provides a product that induces the synthesis of stress protective proteins during physical or physiological stresses or physiopathological aggressions on the cells. The product comprises or is constituted by a water-alcohol extract of red algae. Thus, the invention preferably pertains to an extract of red algae belonging to the genus  Porphyra , and most preferably an extract of red algae of the species  Porphyra umbilicalis.    
         [0020]    The algae extract comprises the following compounds in proportions expressed by weight in relation to the total weight of the extract when they are analyzed quantitatively:  
         [0021]    taurine and derivatives: about 1 to about 5%,  
         [0022]    floridoside and derivatives: about 10 to about 25%,  
         [0023]    carotenoids and PUFAs (not quantitatively determined),  
         [0024]    water-soluble vitamins (not quantitatively determined),  
         [0025]    amino acids and derivatives (not quantitatively determined), and  
         [0026]    various pigments.  
         [0027]    A product according to the invention comprises from about 1 to about 30% by weight of a water-alcohol extract of red algae in relation to the total weight of the product.  
         [0028]    The water-alcohol algae extract can be stabilized by:  
         [0029]    maltodextrins for subsequent use in powder form; a powder product according to the invention comprises from about 10 to about 30%, preferably from about 15 to about 25%, and most preferably on the order of about 20%, by weight of a water-alcohol extract of red algae in relation to the total weight of the product;  
         [0030]    glycerol for subsequent use in liquid form (except use for cosmetic compositions). A liquid product according to the invention comprises from about 10 to about 30%, preferably from about 15 to about 25%, and most preferably on the order of about 20%, by weight of a water-alcohol extract of red algae in relation to the total weight of the product; and  
         [0031]    addition of a preservative (PHENONIP® 0.5% w/w, for example) and a sterilizing filtration (0.2μ) for a use in cosmetic compositions; a liquid product according to the invention intended for use in cosmetic compositions comprises from about 1 to about 25, preferably from about 3 to about 20%, of a water-alcohol extract of red algae.  
         [0032]    In powder form, the product can easily be incorporated in dry formulations of nutritional supplements and packaged in gel capsules, tablets, sachets and the like. The product is useful in liquid form for cosmetic preparations or packaging in soft capsules.  
         [0033]    The invention pertains to a red algae extract or a product containing such an extract for a composition, notably alimentary or cosmetic, that induces the synthesis of stress proteins during various physical stresses on the cells. A composition according to the invention is most particularly useful for modulating the stress proteins HSP60, HSP27 and HSP70. We discovered that the composition of the invention demonstrated the capacities of the extract or of a product containing it to protect cells against thermal shock, UV radiation or any other physical or therapeutic shock. These properties make the compositions according to the invention of interest both in humans and animals.  
         [0034]    Thus, the invention pertains to an extract of red algae or a product containing it for a composition, notably an alimentary or cosmetic composition, that protects cells against physiological stresses or physiopathological aggressions, in particular, infections and inflammations.  
         [0035]    The invention also pertains to a red algae extract or a product containing such an extract for a composition, notably an alimentary or cosmetic composition, that protects cells against physical aggressions, thermal shock or UV radiation, in particular.  
         [0036]    The thermal shocks may be hot thermal shocks and cold thermal shocks. Thus, the compositions according to the invention can also be used by individuals subjected to hostile environments such as the ocean or the mountains, and are thus especially suitable for divers and skiers, mountain climbers and high-altitude athletes.  
         [0037]    With regard to exposure to UV radiation, the invention does not pertain to the use of the red algae extract or the product containing such an extract as a filter, but as a protective agent against the stress to which the cells are subjected during such an exposure.  
         [0038]    The compositions of the invention intended to protect the cells against physical aggression, in particular a thermal shock or UV radiation, can be administered via the oral route or via the topical route.  
         [0039]    The compositions according to the invention can constitute nutritional supplements for humans or feed supplements for animals providing per administration from about 10 to about 1000 mg, preferably from about 25 to about 250 mg, of a product containing the red algae extract. A composition according to the invention constituting a nutritional supplement or feed supplement can be made available in the form of gel capsules, soft capsules, tablets, sachets, syrup and the like.  
         [0040]    The compositions according to the invention can also constitute cosmetic compositions, preferably dermatological compositions, applied topically to the skin. The compositions of the invention enable protection of the skin against physical aggressions and most particularly thermal shocks or UV radiation. The cosmetic compositions according to the invention are also useful as anti-aging compositions for improving the qualities and appearance of the skin.  
         [0041]    The cosmetic compositions according to the invention can be made available in any form known in the field of cosmetology and dermatology without pharmaceutical restriction other than application to the skin of the face or the body. The compositions according to the invention are advantageously made available in the form of a gel, a cream, an emulsion, a milk, a spray or the like.  
         [0042]    These compositions can also contain one or more formulation agents or additives of known and conventional use in cosmetic and dermatological compositions such as (presented as nonlimitative examples): softeners, colorants, film-forming agents, surface-active agents, perfumes, preservatives, emulsifiers, oils, glycols, sebum-absorption agents, vitamins and the like. Those skilled in the cosmetics art know which formulation agents to add to the compositions of the invention and in what quantities in relation to the desired properties.  
         [0043]    The cosmetic compositions according to the invention comprise from about 0.1 to about 5%, preferably from about 0.5 to about 2%, of product containing the red algae extract.  
       EXAMPLE 1  
     Activity of the Water-alcohol Extract of  Porphyra Umbilicalis  on the Response to Thermal Shock and UV Radiation of Cells in In-Vitro Culture  
       [0044]    For implementation of the experiments described in this example, we used a water-alcohol extract of  Porphyra  (7% alcohol) containing 0.12% of dry matter algae extract. This extract was added at the level of 1% to the culture medium. The final concentration of algae extract was 0.0012%. An alcohol solution of the same concentration (7% alcohol v/v) was used as a control and added at the level of 1% to the culture media (final concentration: 0.07%).  
         [0045]    Experiment 1: Demonstration of the Induction of the Synthesis of HSPs by the  Porphyra  Extract.  
         [0046]    The  Porphyra  extract and control solution were added to a culture medium of genetically manipulated CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells (technologie TSPc). The cells were then subjected to a thermal shock of 43° C. for 90 minutes. In this model, the synthesis of growth hormone quantitatively determined by an Elisa kit (Boehringer-Roche) reflected the induction of the synthesis of HSP in response to the thermal aggression.  
         [0047]    [0047]FIG. 1 shows that during the thermal stress the preincubation of the cells with the  Porphyra  extract induced a stimulation of the synthesis of hGH, thus HSP, significantly greater than that observed in the cells not having received the  Porphyra  extract.  
         [0048]    Experiment 2: Identification of the HSPs Whose Synthesis is Induced by the  Porphyra  Extract (Thermal Shock and UV).  
         [0049]    Specific anti-HSP27, anti-HSP60 and anti-HSP70 antibodies, and the Western blot technique were used. The cells used were HeLa cells for the thermal shock and HaCat cells for the UV stress (0.250 J/cm 2  of UV radiation at a wave length of 254 nm).  
         [0050]    [0050]FIG. 2 shows that the  Porphyra  extract did not modify the production of HSP outside of any aggression, which means that the  Porphyra  extract does not modify the physiological mode of synthesis of the HSPs. In contrast, upon thermal shock, the  Porphyra  extract stimulates the production of proteins HSP60, HSP70 and HSP27. At t=30 minutes, it can be seen that the synthesis of HSP27 and HSP60 was clearly augmented in the cells preincubated with the  Porphyra  extract compared to the control. In contrast, the synthesis of HSP70 was equivalent to that of the control cells. At the times t=4.5 hours and t=19 hours after the thermal shock, the synthesis of HSP27, HSP60 and HSP70 was significantly greater in the cells preincubated with the  Porphyra  extract compared to the control cells.  
         [0051]    [0051]FIG. 3 shows that the  Porphyra  extract does not modify the production of HSP outside of any aggression, but rather stimulates the synthesis by the HaCat cells of HSP70 during UV irradiation.  
       EXAMPLE 2  
     Formulations of the Water-alcohol Extract of  Porphyra    
       [0052]    1) Nutritional Supplement for Humans  
         [0053]    Thirty 700-mg capsules per container. Net weight: 21 g (values rounded).  
         [0054]    Ingredients: Extract of  Porphyra  according to the invention in glycerol, virgin borage oil. Capsule (fish gelatin and potato starch). Coating agent: yellow bee&#39;s wax.  
         [0055]    Vitamins, minerals, plant extracts and lactic ferments can be added.  
         [0056]    2) Feed Supplement for Animals  
         [0057]    Thirty 700-mg capsules per container. Net weight: 21 g (values rounded).  
         [0058]    Ingredients: Extract of  Porphyra  according to the invention in glycerol, virgin borage oil. Capsule (fish gelatin and potato starch). Coating agent: yellow bee&#39;s wax.  
         [0059]    Vitamins, minerals, plant extracts and lactic ferments can be added.  
         [0060]    3) Solar Oral Composition  
         [0061]    Forty-five 600-mg capsules (size 6) per container. Net weight: 27 g. Ingredients: Capsule (fish gelatin and potato starch), virgin borage oil. Extract of  Porphyra  according to the invention in glycerol, coating agent: bee&#39;s wax, tomato extract, yeast cultured in medium enriched in selenium, vitamin E.  
         [0062]    4) Oral Anti-aging Composition for the Skin  
         [0063]    Sixty 673-mg capsules per container. Net weight: 40.4 g (rounded values). Ingredients: virgin borage oil, capsule (fish gelatin and potato starch). Dry extract of green tea. Coating agent: bee&#39;s wax, extract of  Porphyra  according to the invention in glycerol, hydrolysate of wheat proteins, selenium-enriched yeast, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate.  
                                                                                                   Ingredients   Active principles   Quantity/Unit                                5) Anti-aging cosmetic composition: antiwrinkle skin care with ceramides            Hot osmosed water       0.4661 kg       P O B methyl sodium (Nipagine)       0.0020 kg       BHT (butyl hydroxy toluene)       0.0002 kg       P O B pure propyl (Solbrol P)       0.0010 kg       Cold osmosed water       0.0300 kg       Triethanolamine 99% (TEA)       0.0024 kg       DL alpha vitamin E acetate   X (vitamin E)   0.0050 kg       Borage oil (borage cropure)   X   0.0025 kg       Protuline   X (Spiruline)   0.0 100 kg       Preservative para W7       0.0030 kg       Perfume base 87 F14892       0.0015 kg       Carbopol solution 2%       0.1500 kg       EDETA BD       0.0005 kg       Natural glycerin Codex   X (humectant)   0.0300 kg       Monopropylene glycol Codex       0.0300 kg       Plant ceramide Phytoglycolipid   X   0.0008 kg       Emulgade SE PF (Emulgade SE)       0.0700 kg       Safacid 16-18 Codex       0.0250 kg       Sipol C 16 pure       0.0100 kg       Lanol 14 M       0.0050 kg       Wheat germ oil       0.0250 kg       Eutanol G       0.0600 kg       Cetiol V       0.0400 kg       Silicone fluid DC 200 350 CS       0.0050 kg       Uvinul M 40 (Eusolex)   X (UV filters)   0.0020 kg       Escalol 557   X (UV filters)   0.0130 kg       Porphyra extract   X   0.0100 kg            6) Cosmetic composition: antipollution multilamellar veil            Cold osmosed water       0.0200 kg       Potassium sorbate       0.0020 kg       P O B pure propyl (Solbrol P)       0.0010 kg       BHT (butyl hydroxy toluene)       0.0001 kg       Hot osmosed water       0.0967 kg       Natrosol 250 HHR       0.0035 kg       Copper oligoelement   X   0.0015 kg       Zinc oligoelement   X   0.0015 kg       Preservative para W7       0.0030 kg       Perfume composition marine F       0.0060 kg       16184       Hot osmosed water       0.5300 kg       Natural glycerin Codex   X (humectant)   0.0301 kg       EDETA BD       0.0015 kg       P O B pure methyl (Solbrol M)       0.0020 kg       Triethanolamine 99% (TEA)       0.0005 kg       Biophilic H       0.0401 kg       Eutanol G       0.0802 kg       Lanol 1688 (Crodamol CAP)       0.0701 kg       Stabilized sweet almond oil   X   0.0200 kg       Jojoba oil   X   0.0100 kg       Silicone fluid DC 200 350 CS       0.0200 kg       Silicone DC 345       0.0200 kg       Geleol pastilles       0.0120 kg       Escalol 557   X (UV filters)   0.0130 kg       Uvinul M 40 (Eusolex)   X (UV filters)   0.0020 kg       DL alpha vitamin E acetate   X (vitamin E)   0.0030 kg       Porphyra extract   X   0.0100 kg            7) Cosmetic composition: antiwrinkle reparative serum            Cold osmosed water       0.5489 kg       P O B methyl sodium (Nipagine)       0.0020 kg       Lactic acid       0.0010 kg       Vivid red colorant solution       0.0030 kg       W 3002 A 1/1000       Natrosol 250 HHR       0.00 15 kg       Natural glycerin Codex   X (humectant)   0.0297 k       Lubragel MS   X (hydrating agent)   0.1485 kg       Marine elastin   X   0.0198 kg       Tritisol   X (wheat proteins)   0.0 198 kg       Preservative para W7       0.0030 kg       Prele hydrumine   X   0.0030 kg       Cold osmosed water       0.1683 kg       Protuline   X (Spiruline)   0.0198 kg       Kotilen 01 VL (Polysorbate 80)       0.0099 kg       Perfume composition marine F 16184       0.0020 kg       Porphyra extract   X   0.020 kg