Abstract:
A device to enable user inhalation and exhalation of air. The air delivered by the device may or may not be aromatically conditioned with user-selected aroma. Further, the air may or may not be thermally conditioned by the device to deliver air that is chilled, warmed, or ambient. The device can include a mask subassembly; an aroma subassembly; a neck portion; a base subassembly with thermal mass; and a soft, insulated cover assembly. Methods of using the device i) teach breathing techniques for relaxation using sensory feedback from the device; ii) educate, establish and heighten awareness of positive sleep routines that are considered important in healthy sleep hygiene; iii) aid in identifying behaviors that are not conducive to good sleep hygiene; iv) assist the user in identifying dysfunctional rumination and belief systems about sleep and relaxation; and v) educate the user about breathing techniques and relaxation.

Description:
BACKGROUND 
       [0001]    1. Technical Field 
         [0002]    The present disclosure relates to devices and methods for accessing the psychophysiological, potentially healthful effects of daytime and nighttime relaxation, including reducing sleep latency (the time it takes to fall asleep) and improving the maintenance of healthy sleep. The present disclosure further relates to devices and methods for accessing mechanisms of alertness and wakefulness. 
         [0003]    2. Description of the Related Art 
         [0004]    For millions of people every night, easily falling asleep or staying asleep throughout the night is a formidable challenge. When chronic insomnia reduces the total time asleep, healthy and restorative sleep is reduced. The consequence of insomnia is increased physiological and emotional stress, cognitive decline, and further disordered sleep. It has been reported that severe, chronic insomnia is experienced by more than 30 million Americans of all ages. Inadequate duration and quality of sleep are associated with reduced “healthspan,” longevity, and well-being during waking hours. 
         [0005]    In an aging population with more chronic disease, more sleep disturbances (including secondary insomnia), are noted. This poor sleep quality is especially likely in elders to exacerbate stress, cognitive decline, and result in yet more sleep problems—which in turn contribute to insomnia. Risk for elders of cardiovascular disease and stroke; diabetes; and decline in cognitive, immune, and other functions (including sexual dysfunction) are all likely to increase when sleep duration and quality are inadequate. 
         [0006]    Pharmaceutical interventions are contraindicated for chronic insomnia. Their effectiveness, if any, is short-lived in that tolerance occurs within a few weeks. Sleeping pills can reduce time spent in restorative, deep sleep and are sometimes accompanied by side effects like hallucinations or frightening sleepwalking episodes combined with dangerous daytime drowsiness. A recently published research study has demonstrated a strong association between sleeping pills and cancer. 
         [0007]    Many other clinical and self-help intervention strategies are typically used with varying degrees of success. 
         [0008]    It has been documented that insomnia and poor sleep quality are negatively associated with “healthspan,” longevity, and well-being for all generations. Insomnia may be classified by severity, type, or cause. Regardless of a patient&#39;s age or the severity, type, or cause of a person&#39;s insomnia, the present invention provides relief and comfort because it aids in relaxation, which is a helpful precondition to sleep. Further, use of the present invention incorporates measures to improve sleep hygiene with longer-lasting positive lifestyle modifications. 
         [0009]    Adult Insomniacs: 58% of American adults have experienced insomnia at least a few nights a week, according to the National Sleep Foundation&#39;s 2002 poll. In April 2012, this 58% represented approximately 136 million adults (U.S.). 
         [0010]    Young to Middle Age Adults: Among adult Americans younger than 55, 62% report experiencing insomnia. Daytime and nighttime stress and “over-thinking brains” are connected with insomnia in these younger adults. Their insomnia is likely to be “primary insomnia” (no other underlying medical conditions). 
         [0011]    Elder Adults: Among adult Americans between 55 and 84, 45% report insomnia. Their insomnia is more likely to be “secondary insomnia” (connected to other underlying medical conditions). The elder demographic is expected to continue growing rapidly along with the increase in this population&#39;s chronic disease and sleep disturbances. In turn, this poor sleep quality is likely to exacerbate stress, cognitive decline, inflammation, pain and other sleep disorders. Risk for elders of cardiovascular disease and stroke; diabetes; and decline in cognitive, immune, and other functions (including sexual dysfunction) are all likely to increase when sleep duration and quality is inadequate. 
         [0012]    Severity: Insomnias can be transient (less than a week), acute (less than a month), and chronic (longer than a month). 
         [0013]    Types: Insomnia may occur prior to sleep (sleep onset insomnia) or it may be associated with awakenings during the night with difficulty falling back to sleep (nocturnal awakenings). 
         [0014]    Cause: “Primary Insomnias” are those without connection to other underlying medical conditions. Widespread “secondary Insomnias” are connected to medical conditions such as excessive nighttime urination, pain disorders, stress, and illness, all of which may increase with age. 
         [0015]    Devices, pharmaceuticals, supplements and botanicals, aromatic essential oils or flowers for aromatherapy, sleep hygiene educational programs, and methods for relaxation and improved sleep health are currently marketed for self-care, or offered by those who are tasked professionally with managing stress and insomnia in their clients or patients. Such practitioners include medical professionals and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) practitioners. 
         [0016]    Examples of devices include scented and unscented eye masks to cover the eyes for darkness during sleep and to induce relaxation that are marketed to facilitate relaxation and sleep. 
         [0017]    Methods, devices, and systems have been developed by Dr. Eric Nofzinger to apply cooling therapy to the skin of the forehead to cool the brain&#39;s prefrontal cortex prior to and/or during sleep. In his clinical research, cooling the prefrontal cortex has been reported by Dr. Nofzinger to be helpful in inducing sleep for insomniacs. Dr. Nofzinger reports that his research using fMRIs supports the efficacy of hypothermic treatment for insomnia. This approach may be costly and uncomfortable for the user (see, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0125238 A1). 
         [0018]    With respect to pharmaceuticals, although they are easy for patients to request and for primary care physicians to prescribe, many sleep specialists recommend against the use of pharmaceuticals to treat chronic insomnia. Some of the initial effectiveness of sleeping pills is based on the placebo effect. After a few weeks, effectiveness is reduced due to tolerance and the problem of chronic insomnia is inadvertently intensified. As a long-term solution, sleeping pills can have a negative effect on health, especially for elders, in that they can reduce time spent in restorative, deep sleep necessary for health and repair of daily cellular damage. They can also be accompanied by serious side effects like hallucinations, frightening sleepwalking episodes, and dangerous daytime drowsiness. 
         [0019]    Recent scientific data analysis shows a strong correlation between sleeping pills and cancer. The analyzed data was originally gathered from 40,000 people during a 5 year period by the American Cancer Society when it conclusively demonstrated the link between cigarettes and cancer. Analysis of the ACS data by Scripps Health shows that as few as 18 sleeping pills per year increase cancer risk fourfold. Taking a sleeping pill each night has been said by a principle investigator of the study to comparatively be approximately the equivalent risk factor of smoking a pack of cigarettes per day. The sleeping pills in question were common hypnotics such as Ambien and Valium. Whether this effect is causal or associated with pre-existing sleep disorders resulting in higher mortality rates has not been determined. 
         [0020]    The use of supplements and botanicals is also known. Various hormones and botanicals are reputed to aid in managing insomnia. They include the hormone melatonin, botanicals like the chamomile flower, and herbs like lemon balm and valerian extract. Because they are marketed as health supplements, these hormones, botanicals, and herbs are not reviewed by the Food and Drug Administration. There are no regulatory controls on effectiveness, quality, purity, or dosage. For example, MIT research in 2001 showed that with melatonin use, the most effective dose of melatonin is 0.3 mg before sleep. However, the common dose of a melatonin supplement sold in health food stores is 3.0 mg (which may actually limit effectiveness). Some brands suggest 20 mg if directed by a “healthcare practitioner,” which may be a dangerous dose. 
         [0021]    Aromatherapy using various phytochemicals is recommended by many complementary and alternative medicine and wellness practitioners. Phytochemicals and essential oils are readily available as self-care modalities. They are relied upon by many as a complementary or alternative medicine to aid in achieving relaxation and reducing insomnia. The National Institutes of Health has sponsored research into the efficacy of aromatherapy for various applications. For example, certain phytochemicals appear to reduce agitation associated with Alzheimer&#39;s syndrome without the dangers that can be associated with the use of antipsychotics in that population. 
         [0022]    There is a plethora of consumer self-care products marketed to provide aromas for relaxation and improved sleep. For example, one such series of devices functions as a scented eye mask to cover the eyes for darkness during sleep. 
         [0023]    Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia (CBT) is also known. Consumer services and programs are currently marketed to the public to encourage health and wellness, including cognitive behavioral therapy programs to encourage relaxation and healthy sleep onset and maintenance. Such CBT insomnia programs are challenging to achieve, requiring long-term commitment. 
         [0024]    Foundational to such CBT programs and services is the work of cardiologist, Dr. Herbert Benson, who pioneered scientific investigation at Harvard Medical School into certain health-promoting physiological responses to deep breathing relaxation techniques associated with meditation. In his research Dr. Benson established the relationship of breathing techniques to the physiology of relaxation, which he described as the body&#39;s compensating response to its opposite “fight or flight” response to stressful situations. In addition to extensive peer-reviewed literature published during his decades-long career of investigating this response, he published a self-care book,  Relaxation Response  (1975 and 2000). Dr. Benson identified the positive clinical physiological changes that occur with meditative breathing, such as clinically lowered blood pressure and lowered blood levels of cortisol and epinephrine, which in excess can be associated with stress. 
         [0025]    An example of a CBT insomnia program was developed at Harvard Medical School under the leadership of Dr. Gregg D. Jacobs. He describes it in his book,  Say Goodnight to Insomnia: the Only Natural Treatment Scientifically Proven to Conquer Insomnia  (1998). The Harvard program encourages insomnia patients to achieve the health-promoting “Relaxation Response” identified by Dr. Benson. 
         [0026]    Currently Dr. Jacobs markets a 5-week program of classes and products for relaxation and insomnia through various websites. 
         [0027]    Some CBT programs encourage cognitive adjustments to the way patients think about their sleep. These changes are encouraged by educating patients about the nature of sleep and helping them minimize fear, dread, and anxiety. CBT patients are encouraged to stop catastrophizing about insomnia. They can achieve more hopeful assessments of their prognosis and a more realistic understanding of the actual effects of their insomnia, which is thought to help break its hold over the patient. 
         [0028]    Recommended cognitive corrections encourage insomniacs to intensively explore new ways of thinking about the mastery of sleep, based on currently established medical knowledge. 
         [0029]    CBT programs encourage behavioral lifestyle corrections designed to optimize environments and behavioral habits to improve physiology for healthy sleep. The behavioral corrections recommended by such programs may be facilitated by check lists, a well-established behavioral modification technique. Such program suggestions may, for example, include establishing regular times to go to bed and rise each day, changes in the sleep environment, dietary improvements, smoking cessation, and creation of before-bed rituals. These programs may encourage the practice of daytime and nighttime periods of physiologic relaxation to reduce the stress-related excessive levels of epinephrine and cortisol in the blood. 
         [0030]    Mindfulness practices like mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) hale from an ancient Buddhist tradition. MBSR is the subject of hundreds of scientific studies funded by NIH, The National Center of Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 
         [0031]    For example, beginning in 1979, Dr. Jon Kabat-Zinn began to study this approach to stress reduction at Massachusetts Medical Center. The work coalesced in publishing results of his work in the self-care book,  Full Catastrophe Living: Using the Wisdom of Your Body and Mind to Face Stress, Pain, and Illness  (1990). Mindfulness meditation is a term he uses for practices and techniques he employs in clinical groups and with individual patients to systematically achieve MBSR. In the West his clinical program and his scientific research into meditation and mindfulness-based stress reduction have helped to popularize many ancient traditions going back many millennia. 
         [0032]    MBSR has been clinically proven to aid in managing pain, anxiety, and physical and emotional stressors that may inhibit sleep onset. 
         [0033]    Self-hypnosis is another known technique. Hypnotic techniques can also be used to reduce thought patterns connected with insomnia or stress. They can also be used to induce behaviors that are conducive to relaxation and managing insomnia. For example, they have been shown to aid in smoking cessation related to sleep hygiene and insomnia, changing eating and drinking habits, and reducing pain that may contribute to nighttime stress and sleeplessness. Hypnotic techniques may be used separately or in connection with CBT. 
         [0034]    Sleep Hygiene Programs are also known. Recommendations designed to improve sleep hygiene are widely offered by physicians and other health and wellness professionals. Sleep hygiene advice also abounds in self-help books and magazines that advise the public on how to achieve healthier sleep. Most sleep hygiene advice involves self-care change in thoughts and beliefs associated with nighttime stress and lifestyle modifications to diet and behavioral modification, often requiring changes in longstanding habits. 
       BRIEF SUMMARY 
       [0035]    It has been recognized that the devices and methods of the present disclosure can help induce daytime and nighttime relaxation. The devices and methods of the present disclosure may also induce certain physiological responses associated with relaxation and calmness that may counter the harm of stress on the human body. The devices and methods of the present disclosure may further harmlessly enable sleep, either at sleep onset or following nighttime arousals. Additionally, devices and methods of the present disclosure may harmlessly enable wakeful or alert states during the day or following sleep. 
         [0036]    The present disclosure relates to a plurality of devices and a plurality of methods for self-care or for practitioner-guided administration to induce relaxation, sleep, wakefulness, or alertness. 
         [0037]    In one aspect, the devices disclosed herein may permit user-selection of a plurality of combinations of aromatic air and/or air temperature: (for example, i. cool air with aroma, ii. cool air without aroma, iii. warm air with aroma, iv. warm air without aroma, v. ambient air with aroma, vi. ambient air without aroma). 
         [0038]    In another aspect, the plurality of devices disclosed herein may permit user-selection of sensory feedback about personal breathing techniques based on combinations of aromatic air and/or air temperature, and/or air flow. For example, a combination of aroma, chilled air, and air flow sensations can make the user more aware of their depth, duration, steadiness, rate, and rhythmicity of inhalation and exhalation. 
         [0039]    Another aspect includes user-selected methods for sensory feedback training in established breathing techniques to induce relaxation, alertness, and/or sleep. 
         [0040]    A further aspect includes user-selected methods incorporating self-care or professionally administered CBT principles of cognitive and behavioral modification related to inducing relaxation, alertness, and/or sleep. 
         [0041]    In another aspect, a comprehensive approach to relaxation, alertness, and insomnia, consisting of a device and methods, which may be more effective for some individuals than any of the isolated approaches represented by conventional approaches. 
         [0042]    In one aspect, several subassemblies are integrated in one device. In other embodiments, options are based on user-selected subassemblies, size, shape, and accessory configurations. 
         [0043]    The devices disclosed herein may be combined by the user with various methods disclosed herein and options according to a desired effect. 
         [0044]    In one aspect, the effectiveness of the devices and methods of the present disclosure is based in part on device and method-based factors including brain temperature changes, aromatically conditioned air, and/or cognitive behavioral intervention. 
         [0045]    With respect to brain temperature changes, the devices disclosed herein may make use of the relationship of brain temperature changes to wakefulness and sleep, including the relationship of insomnia to hypothermic treatments that cool the brain. It has been recently demonstrated, using fMRIs to detect brain activity, that cooling the brain&#39;s prefrontal cortex appears to reduce sleep latency. Similarly, increasing brain temperature appears to be associated with waking from sleep. 
         [0046]    With respect to aromatically conditioned air, the devices disclosed herein may utilize a self-care modality, using naturally occurring phytochemical aromas to manage stress and promote relaxation. Relaxation and sleep-onset are encouraged by inhaling specially-targeted, natural, aromatic phytochemicals using the devices and a uniquely simple, learned-breathing procedure, optimally described as inhalation through the nose and exhalation through the mouth. The devices deliver user-selected aromas (such as vanilla and lavender) that may be conducive to reduced agitation, facilitating conditions for timely sleep-onset and maintenance of restorative and healthy sleep to improve a person&#39;s well-being. 
         [0047]    With respect to cognitive behavioral intervention, the novel devices and methods disclosed herein may work as a whole system to synergistically utilize self-care or professionally administered contemporary principles of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) for improved sleep hygiene, biofeedback principles related to relaxation and sleep onset, mindfulness breathing, and deep breathing techniques. CBT principles have been shown to enhance the body&#39;s physiological response to relaxation. These physiological responses to relaxation are clinically shown to reduce insomnia and improve sleep quality. For example, reduction of excessive blood cortisol and epinephrine levels through relaxation, whether during the day or night, is shown to improve sleep quality and reduce insomnia. 
         [0048]    Embodiments of the devices disclosed herein can include five primary subassemblies: (i) a mask subassembly designed to fit securely over the nose or mouth and be held gently in place with voluntary effort by the user; (ii) an aroma subassembly designed to optionally enable inhalation of aromatic air with voluntary effort by the user, (iii) a neck portion, (iv) a base subassembly designed to enable voluntary inhalation of air that is chilled, heated, or ambient temperature for varied time periods, and (v) a cover subassembly designed to act as a filter for inhaled air to and maintain optimal temperature and ensure comfortable use. 
         [0049]    Embodiments of the devices disclosed herein may deliver user-selected chilled, warmed, and/or ambient-temperature air nasally or orally to assist in varied temperature ranges that tend to encourage relaxation, alertness, or to enable sleep. 
         [0050]    Further, embodiments of the devices disclosed herein may deliver aromatically conditioned air and phytochemical terpenes nasally or orally to the nasopharynx, olfactory tract, and the olfactory bulb of the brain. 
         [0051]    Further, embodiments of the devices disclosed herein may provide aural air movement sounds that result from inhaled and exhaled air moving through the nose, through the mouth, and/or through the mask subassembly and more specifically through valve subassemblies. 
         [0052]    Further, the devices disclosed herein may provide temperature and/or aromatic and/or aural sensory feedback to the user of the depth, steadiness, rate and rhythmicity of inhalations and/or exhalations. 
         [0053]    Embodiments of the present invention can include a novel method of using the device means wherein voluntary or assisted inhalation of air is accomplished through the nose. 
         [0054]    In other aspects, the present disclosure includes a method of using the devices disclosed herein in which voluntary or assisted exhalation of air is accomplished through the mouth. 
         [0055]    Further, other aspects include a method of using the devices disclosed herein in which voluntary or assisted inhalation of air through the nose and voluntary or assisted exhalation of air through the mouth enables sensory feedback to the user. 
         [0056]    Further, user-selected methods for sensory feedback training may be combined by the user with a plurality of user-selected devices disclosed herein to provide sensory feedback to the user from: (i) aromatic air; and/or (ii) air temperature; and/or (iii) sounds generated by the device means from inhalation and exhalation. These methods for sensory feedback training may enable relaxation, sleep, and/or alertness. 
         [0057]    Further, user-selected methods disclosed herein for cognitive and behavioral modification may be combined by the user with one or more of the devices disclosed herein synergistically for amplified positive effect. By way of example, but not limitation, such methods may include relaxation or sleep log formats, journal formats and check lists that are behaviorally anchored in use of the device that help to establish healthy sleep routines, educate the user about good sleep hygiene habits, or encourage awareness of sleep-limiting rumination patterns or negative thoughts and belief systems about sleep. The methods used in combination with the devices for cognitive and behavioral modification may enable relaxation, sleep, and/or alertness. 
         [0058]    In another aspect, an integrated assembly is provided. The integrated assembly combines a mask subassembly, an aroma subassembly, and a base subassembly. Based on user-selection of temperature, aroma, and a plurality of self-care or professionally administered sensory feedback techniques and cognitive behavioral modification techniques, the integrated assembly may enable daytime and nighttime relaxation, alertness, and/or sleep. 
         [0059]    The integrated subassembly may include a user-selected, self-administered combination of (i) chilled air to the brain through nasal and/or oral inhalations; and/or (ii) air that is aromatically conditioned with active phytochemicals to the olfactory tract through user-selected nasal and/or oral inhalations; and/or (iii) sounds, such as air movement sounds, that result from inhaled and exhaled air moving through the nose, through the mouth, and/or through one-way valves; and/or air flow sensations. This configuration appears to slightly cool the olfactory tract and nasopharynx and, by inference, the proximal brain mass, which may be helpful in inducing calmness, relaxation, and sleep. This configuration also delivers phytochemical terpenes to the olfactory bulb of the brain from user-selected, aromatic essential oils or flowers that may induce calmness, relaxation, or alertness. This configuration also delivers sensory feedback for use in methods described herein. 
         [0060]    In another aspect, a method of using the integrated assembly includes voluntary or assisted inhalation of air through the nose and voluntary or assisted exhalation of air through the mouth enables sensory feedback to the user. 
         [0061]    Other aspects include methods utilizing sensory feedback to the user from the integrated subassembly of the duration, depth, steadiness, rate and rhythmicity of the user&#39;s inhalation and exhalation to induce relaxation and/or sleep onset and/or alertness. Other aspects include methods including cognitive and behavioral modification techniques that may enable relaxation and/or sleep onset and/or alertness. 
         [0062]    In another aspect, the integrated assembly may be used to enable alertness. In this aspect, the user-selected temperature of the base module may be ambient temperature or warmed above ambient and the user-selected aroma is compatible with inducing wakefulness or alertness. For example, coffee aromas may be associated with wakefulness. 
         [0063]    In another embodiment, a mask subassembly is combined with a base subassembly to enable inhalation, at the user&#39;s option, of chilled air to the brain through user-enabled nasal and/or oral inhalations. When applied in combination with at least one of the methods disclosed herein, the chilled temperature of the air alone provides direct sensory feedback to the user of the depth, duration, steadiness, rate and/or rhythmicity of their respiration to assist in learning breathing techniques that induce calmness, relaxation, and sleep onset. Further, this method may deliver cooled air to the brain from the base subassembly through user-enabled nasal and/or oral inhalations that may enable alertness, relaxation, or calmness. 
         [0064]    In another embodiment, a device combines a mask subassembly with a base subassembly and delivers, at the user&#39;s option, warmed air to the brain through user-enabled nasal and/or oral inhalations. When applied in combination with at least one of the methods disclosed herein, the warmed temperature of the air provides direct sensory feedback to the user of the depth, duration, steadiness, rate, and/or rhythmicity of their respiration to assist in learning breathing techniques that enable relaxation and sleep onset or may enable alertness, relaxation, or calmness. 
         [0065]    In another embodiment, a device includes a mask subassembly and an aroma subassembly. In this embodiment, the aroma subassembly contains self-selected aromatic oils or flowers that, through user-enabled nasal and/or oral inhalations, at the user&#39;s option, can introduce aromatically conditioned air at ambient temperature through the mask subassembly that may enable alertness, relaxation, or calmness. When applied in combination with at least one of the methods disclosed herein, the aromatically conditioned air provides direct sensory feedback to the user of the depth, duration, steadiness, rate and/or rhythmicity of their respiration to assist in learning breathing techniques that may enable relaxation and sleep onset or may induce alertness, relaxation, or calmness. 
         [0066]    Another embodiment permits a user-selected combination of a mask subassembly, an aroma subassembly, and a base subassembly and delivers, through user-enabled nasal and/or oral inhalations, at the user&#39;s option: chilled, aromatically conditioned air to the olfactory tract through nasal and/or oral inhalations. When applied in combination with at least one of the methods disclosed herein, the chilled, aromatically conditioned air provides direct sensory feedback to the user of the depth, duration, steadiness, rate and/or rhythmicity of their respiration to assist in learning breathing techniques that may enable relaxation and sleep onset. Further, this method delivers phytochemical terpenes to the olfactory bulb of the brain from user-selected essential oils or flowers that may induce alertness, relaxation, or calmness. 
         [0067]    In another embodiment, a user-selected combination of a mask subassembly, an aroma subassembly, and a base subassembly delivers, through user-enabled nasal and/or oral inhalations, at the user&#39;s option: i) warmed air to the brain through nasal and/or oral inhalations; and/or ii) aromatically conditioned air to the olfactory tract through user-selected nasal and/or oral inhalations. When applied in combination with at least one of the methods disclosed herein, the warmed and aromatically conditioned air provides sensory feedback to the user of the depth, duration, steadiness, rate and/or rhythmicity of their respiration to assist in learning breathing techniques that enable relaxation and sleep onset. Further, this method delivers phytochemical terpenes to the brain from user-selected essential oils or flowers. 
         [0068]    In another aspect, the devices of the present disclosure may provide a plurality of user-selected combinations of the subassemblies. For example, further embodiments can include a mask subassembly alone for user-selected applications in which aural sensory feedback alone is desirable or applications wherein no sensory feedback is desirable. For example, the novel mask interface could be used in other respiratory devices such as oxygen masks and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) devices. 
         [0069]    A further embodiment can include the mask subassembly and the aroma subassembly for aural and aromatic sensory feedback. 
         [0070]    Further, the devices of the present disclosure may provide a plurality of user-selected combinations of the subassemblies for additional applications. For example, the mask subassembly may be used in further applications wherein the present invention&#39;s novel interface with the human face is desirable. 
         [0071]    Further, a smaller embodiment for purse, briefcase, or desk can be used away from home for relaxation or to facilitate napping. 
         [0072]    Further, product accessories may enhance the efficacy of the device means. For example, a selection of various sizes of insulated carrying cases means will maintain the device at a range of desired temperatures. 
         [0073]    In one aspect, a method of using the device includes voluntary or assisted inhalation of air through the nose that enables inhalation of air at a user-selected temperature range, thereby delivering air through the nasopharynx, olfactory tract and, by inference, chilling or warming the olfactory bulb and proximal brain mass in the prefrontal cortex. 
         [0074]    In another aspect, a method of using a mask subassembly device includes voluntary or assisted exhalation of air through the mouth from the lungs after it has been warmed by body heat. 
         [0075]    In another aspect, a method of using a mask subassembly device includes voluntary or assisted exhalation of air accomplished through the nose from the lungs after it has been warmed by body heat. 
         [0076]    In another aspect, a method includes enabling voluntary inhalation of air at a user-selected temperature range to also support the voluntary or assisted inhalation of aromatically conditioned air through the nose and exhalation of aromatically conditioned air through the mouth or nose. 
         [0077]    In another aspect, a method includes using at least one of the devices disclosed herein to enable voluntary or assisted inhalation of air through the nose and voluntary or assisted exhalation of air through the mouth or nose to enable sensory feedback to the user. 
         [0078]    In another aspect, a method for sensory feedback may be combined by the user with at least one of the devices disclosed herein. The sensory feedback may provide training to the user based on i) air temperature and/or ii) aromatic air and/or iii) sound generated by the user from inhalation and exhalation; and iv) air flow sensations, all four sources of sensory feedback being created in connection with use of the device means. The method may enable relaxation, sleep, and/or alertness 
         [0079]    In one aspect, immediate sensory feedback of the user&#39;s breathing rate, duration, depth, steadiness, and rhythmicity is provided to the user by the sensation of cold, aromatic air moving through nasal passages and the back of the throat and mouth. In another aspect, immediate sensory feedback of the user&#39;s breathing rate, duration, depth, steadiness, and rhythmicity is provided by aural means such as air movement sound that results from air moving through the nose, through the mouth, and/or through one-way valves in the mask subassembly. 
         [0080]    In another aspect, immediate sensory feedback using the user&#39;s breathing rate, duration, depth, steadiness, and rhythmicity is provided by air flow sensations. 
         [0081]    In another aspect, immediate temperature and aromatic sensory feedback of the user&#39;s breathing rate, duration, depth, steadiness, and rhythmicity is provided to assist the user in learning a plurality of user-selected breathing techniques to induce relaxation, sleep, or alertness such as deep breathing, mindful breathing, mindfulness meditation, guided meditation, self-hypnosis, visualization and/or sensory recall. Once they are learned, these techniques can be used without the present invention to induce relaxation, sleep, or alertness. 
         [0082]    A user-selected plurality of methods for cognitive and behavioral modification may be combined by the user with at least one of the devices disclosed herein to induce relaxation, sleep, and/or alertness. Such plurality of methods for cognitive and behavioral modification may incorporate self-administered or professionally administered instructions and/or forms for written exercises and reference use of the devices. Methods engendering positive behavioral changes may lead these behaviors to become anchored by use of the devices. Such methods would be used specifically in connection with the plurality of novel device means of the present invention. Such methods can include by way of example but not limitation: i) journal forms, ii) check lists, iii) calendars, and/or iv) schedules. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0083]    In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. 
           [0084]      FIG. 1  is an isometric view of an integrated assembly according to one aspect of the present disclosure. 
           [0085]      FIG. 2  is an exploded, isometric view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0086]      FIG. 3   a  is a top view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0087]      FIG. 3   b  is a side view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0088]      FIG. 4   a  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0089]      FIG. 4   b  is a front view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0090]      FIG. 5   a  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0091]      FIG. 5   b  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0092]      FIG. 6   a  is a cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1  taken along line  6 - 6  in  FIG. 3   a.    
           [0093]      FIG. 6   b  is partial cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1  with the neck portion bent upwards. 
           [0094]      FIG. 6   c  is partial cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1  with the neck portion bent downwards. 
           [0095]      FIG. 7  is a cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1  taken along line  7 - 7  in  FIG. 3   b.    
           [0096]      FIG. 8  is an isometric view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1  with a thermal cover. 
           [0097]      FIG. 9   a  is a top view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0098]      FIG. 9   b  is a side view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 8 . 
           [0099]      FIG. 10  is a cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 8  taken along line  10 - 10  in  FIG. 9   a.    
           [0100]      FIGS. 11   a - 11   f  are various views of the mask portion of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 1 . 
           [0101]      FIG. 12  is an isometric view of an integrated assembly according to another aspect of the present disclosure. 
           [0102]      FIG. 13  is an exploded, isometric view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0103]      FIG. 14   a  is a top view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0104]      FIG. 14   b  is a side view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0105]      FIG. 15   a  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0106]      FIG. 15   b  is a front view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0107]      FIG. 16   a  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0108]      FIG. 16   b  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0109]      FIG. 17   a  is a cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12  taken along line  17 - 17  in  FIG. 14   a.    
           [0110]      FIG. 17   b  is partial cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12  with the neck portion bent upwards. 
           [0111]      FIG. 17   c  is partial cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12  with the neck portion bent downwards. 
           [0112]      FIG. 18  is a cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 8  taken along line  18 - 18  in  FIG. 14   b.    
           [0113]      FIG. 19  is an isometric view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12  with a thermal cover. 
           [0114]      FIG. 20   a  is a top view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 19 . 
           [0115]      FIG. 20   b  is a side view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 19 . 
           [0116]      FIG. 21  is a cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 19  taken along line  21 - 21  in  FIG. 20   a.    
           [0117]      FIGS. 22   a - 22   f  are various views of the mask portion of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 12 . 
           [0118]      FIG. 23   a  is an exploded side view of an aroma subassembly according to one aspect. 
           [0119]      FIG. 23   b  is an exploded isometric view of the aroma subassembly of  FIG. 23   a.    
           [0120]      FIG. 23   c  is a front view of the aroma subassembly of  FIG. 23   a  in an assembled state. 
           [0121]      FIG. 23   d  is a side view of the aroma subassembly of  FIG. 23   a  in an assembled state. 
           [0122]      FIG. 23   e  is a cross-sectional view of the aroma subassembly of  FIG. 23   a  in an assembled state. 
           [0123]      FIG. 24   a  is a top view of an integrated assembly according to another aspect of the present disclosure. 
           [0124]      FIG. 24   b  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 24   a.    
           [0125]      FIG. 24   c  is another pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 24   a.    
           [0126]      FIG. 24   d  is a side view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 24   a.    
           [0127]      FIG. 24   e  is a front view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 24   a.    
           [0128]      FIG. 24   f  is a cross-sectional view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 24   a.    
           [0129]      FIG. 25   a  is a side view of an integrated assembly according to another aspect of the present disclosure. 
           [0130]      FIG. 25   b  is a pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 25   a.    
           [0131]      FIG. 25   c  is a top view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 25   a.    
           [0132]      FIG. 25   d  is another pictorial view of the integrated assembly of  FIG. 25   a.    
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0133]    In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various embodiments of the invention. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the invention may be practiced without these details. 
         [0134]    Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims which follow, the word “comprise” and variations thereof, such as, “comprises” and “comprising” are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is as “including, but not limited to.” 
         [0135]    Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments. 
         [0136]    As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its broadest sense, that is as meaning “and/or” unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. 
         [0137]    The Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein is for convenience only and does not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments. 
         [0138]    In one example, a device of the present disclosure includes several subassemblies that may be combined into one integrated assembly. The shape and exterior texture of the integrated assembly permits enhanced effectiveness of the device and the methods disclosed herein by permitting comfortable and easy “cradling” of the integrated assembly. 
         [0139]    The integrated assembly can include four subassemblies: (i) a mask subassembly designed to fit securely over the nose or mouth and be held in place with voluntary effort by the user; (ii) an aroma subassembly designed to optionally enable inhalation of aromatic air, with voluntary effort by the user; (iii) a base subassembly designed to enable voluntary inhalation of air that is chilled, heated, or ambient temperature for varied time periods; and (iv) a thermal cover subassembly designed to act as a filter for inhaled air and maintain optimal temperature. 
         [0140]      FIGS. 1-11  illustrate an integrated assembly  100  according to one example.  FIG. 1  is an isometric view of the integrated assembly  100 . The integrated assembly in this view includes a mask subassembly  10 , an aroma subassembly  20 , an articulated neck portion  30 , and a base subassembly  40 . The base subassembly  40  defines an air inlet  42  at one end thereof.  FIGS. 8-10  further illustrate a thermal cover subassembly  50  in combination with the other elements of the integrated assembly  100 . 
         [0141]      FIG. 2  is an exploded, isometric view of the integrated assembly  100 . The mask subassembly  10  includes a mask cushion  13  and a mask frame  14  that supports the mask subassembly  10 .  FIGS. 11   a - 11   f  include further views of the mask subassembly  10 . The mask frame can be, for example, a rigid plastic frame made of materials Tritan, ABS, and/or nylon, for example. The mask cushion  13  can be a soft rubber mask cushion that is flexible and shaped to fit around and seal with a broad spectrum of faces and nose types. Materials for the mask cushion  13  may include silicone and/or urethane. 
         [0142]    The mask subassembly  10  can further include an inlet opening  11   b  and a one-way flapper valve  11   a  positioned at the entry of the neck to the mask to enable air flow to be inhaled into the mask. The mask subassembly  10  can also include an outlet opening  12   b  and a one-way flapper valve  12   a  positioned on the top of the mask frame  14  to enable air flow to be exhaled out of the mask. Both flapper valves can be made of flexible material such as silicone or urethane. One purpose of the flapper valves is to reduce air thermal convection losses. 
         [0143]    The neck portion  30  of the illustrated integrated assembly  100  includes three segments  31 ,  32 , and  33  of rigid plastic to enable bending into a plurality of positions. Materials for the neck portion  30  may include Tritan, ABS, and/or nylon. The neck portion  30  can be securely positioned straight, as shown in  FIG. 6   a  or it may securely bend up, as shown in  FIG. 6   b , or bend down for comfortable mask positioning, as shown in  FIG. 6   c.    
         [0144]    The neck segment  31  includes an opening  23  for insertion of the aroma subassembly  20 . The aroma subassembly  20  includes a rigid plastic cup  21  and removable rigid plastic cap  22  that is easily opened and securely closed. Some examples can include a flexible plastic tether to keep the cap  22  from being lost when opened. Materials for the rigid plastic material include ABS, PP, LDPE, and Tritan. Materials for the flexible plastic tether may include urethane. The neck portion  30  in combination with the shape of the rigid plastic frame  14  of the mask subassembly  10  and the flexure and shape of the rubber mask cushion  13  ensure a secure fit and seal around the nose for a broad spectrum of faces and nose types. 
         [0145]    In this example, the bottom of the cup  21  is a perforated or mesh plastic or stainless mesh that sets securely into a cutout in the neck of the mask subassembly  20  such that the perforated or mesh portion of the cup  21  of the aroma subassembly  21  is inside the neck segment  31  of the neck portion  30 . This enables the air flow through the aroma subassembly to be infused with aromatic phytochemicals from aromatic material that may be inserted into the cup  21  by the user. Thermally-conditioned air flows through the wire mesh or perforated aroma subassembly to pick up phytochemical scents. 
         [0146]    The cap  22  may be removed to fill the aroma subassembly with aromatic oil, herbs, or flowers that infuse the passing air with aromatic phytochemicals in all positions of the neck portion  30 . For example, air flow passes through the aroma subassembly whether the neck portion  30  is in straight position ( FIG. 6   a ), or bent up ( FIG. 6   b ) or bent down ( FIG. 6   c ). 
         [0147]    The base subassembly  40  of the integrated assembly  100  includes a rigid plastic frame and a thermal mass. Materials for the thermal mass may include ceramic, porcelain, stoneware, terracotta, or gel pack materials. The base assembly  40  of this example has a clamshell construction with “bosses” for securing assembly of bottom half  41   a  to top half  41   b  when in use. The thermal cover  50 , described below, also assists in securing assembly when in use. The bottom half  41   a  and the top half  41   b  each include channels  43  defined by lands  44 . With this construction, ambient air enters the base subassembly through the air inlet  42  at the bottom of the base subassembly  40 . Air is inhaled through the channels  43  in the thermal mass, being cooled, warmed, or maintained at ambient temperature as it passes. Thermally-conditioned air then enters the neck portion  30 . 
         [0148]    Each of the components discussed above can be, in some examples, top shelf dishwasher-safe. 
         [0149]      FIGS. 8-10  further illustrate a thermal cover subassembly  50  in combination with the other elements of the integrated assembly  100 . The integrated assembly  100  can be enclosed during use with the thermal cover  50  to maintain the coolth, warmth, or ambient temperature of the thermal mass at an optimal temperature. The thermal cover  50  attaches to the mask  10  to keep the mask and neck insulated. As shown in  FIG. 10 , the thermal cover can be layered with a plush outer fabric layer  54   a , a heat reflector layer  54   b , insulation layer  54   c , and lining fabric layer  54   d . The layers may be made of a plurality of textures and materials that will be insulative and also may offer wicking properties to condensate, such as synthetic fleece, hemp, and/or poly fill fabrics. The heat reflector layer  54   b  of the thermal cover  50  is lined with heat reflective material such as an aluminized Mylar. The size and color of the thermal cover  50  will be a factor in determining the degree to which the thermal cover insulates the thermal mass. 
         [0150]    In addition to a tensioning band, the thermal cover  50  also functions to hold the two clamshell halves  41   a  and  41   b  of the base subassembly  40  securely together during use. 
         [0151]    The heat-reflective lining layer  54   b , insulation layer  54   c , and lining fabric layer  54   d  of the thermal cover each has an opening at its base for the base subassembly air inlet. The thermal cover exterior fabric acts as an air filter at  51  ( FIG. 8 ) for inhaled air through the base subassembly  40  air inlet  42 . 
         [0152]    There is a through-hole  52  to the thermal cover  50  to vent the one-way flapper valve  12   a  in the mask subassembly  10 . The thermal cover  50  has an opening at the neck of the mask subassembly for the soft rubber mask cushion  13  of the protrusion of the mask subassembly  10 . 
         [0153]    The soft exterior layer  54   a  of the thermal cover  50  can enhance the effectiveness of the methods discussed below by permitting comfortable and easy “cradling” of the integrated assembly. The thermal cover can be launderable. 
         [0154]      FIG. 7  illustrates how air flows through the integrated assembly  100  during use. Ambient air enters the integrated assembly  100  through the air inlet  42  at the bottom of the base subassembly  40 . Air is inhaled through the channels  43  in the thermal mass, being cooled, warmed, or maintained at ambient temperature as it passes. Thermally-conditioned air enters the neck portion  30 . Thermally-conditioned air flows through the wire mesh or perforated cup  21  of the aroma subassembly  20  to pick up phytochemical scents. Air flow passes through the aroma subassembly  20  whether the neck portion  30  is in straight position ( FIG. 6   a ), or bent up ( FIG. 6   b ) or bent down ( FIG. 6   c ). Air flows through the one-way flapper valve  11   a  and into the upper portion of the mask subassembly  10 . 
         [0155]    Cooled, warmed, or ambient temperature air and/or aromatically conditioned air is then inhaled through the nose. Such inhaled air may also be inhaled through the mouth to more rapidly initiate facilitation of air flow at the onset of use. 
         [0156]    Air is exhaled then through the mouth. Alternatively, exhaled, warmed air may flow through the second one-way flapper valve  12   a  and out of the mask subassembly  10 , limiting the formation of condensate and helping to maintain an optimal temperature in the subassemblies. 
         [0157]    In other examples, the shape of the mask and mask cushion are customized for use in positions that primarily enable inhalations and exhalations from the mouth. 
         [0158]      FIGS. 12-23  illustrate an integrated assembly  200  according to another aspect of the present disclosure.  FIG. 12  is an isometric view of the integrated assembly  200 . The integrated assembly in this view includes a mask subassembly  210 , an aroma subassembly  220 , an articulated neck portion  230 , and a base subassembly  240  including lower and upper clam shell portions  241   a  and  241   b  secured together by a thermal mass band  245 . The base subassembly  240  defines an air inlet  242  at one end thereof.  FIGS. 19-21  further illustrate a thermal cover subassembly  250  in combination with the other elements of the integrated assembly  200 . 
         [0159]      FIG. 13  is an exploded, isometric view of the integrated assembly  200 . The mask subassembly  210  includes a mask cushion  213  and a mask frame  214  that supports the mask subassembly  210 .  FIGS. 22   a - 22   f  include further views of the mask subassembly  210 . The mask frame  214  can be, for example, a rigid plastic frame made of materials Tritan, ABS, and/or nylon, for example. The mask cushion  213  can be a soft rubber mask cushion that is flexible and shaped to fit around and seal with a broad spectrum of faces and nose types. Materials for the mask cushion  213  may include silicone and/or urethane. 
         [0160]    The mask subassembly  210  can further include an inlet opening  211   b  and a one-way flapper valve  211   a  positioned at the entry of the neck to the mask to enable air flow to be inhaled into the mask. The mask subassembly  210  can also include an outlet opening  212   b  and a one-way flapper valve  212   a  positioned on the top of the mask frame  214  to enable air flow to be exhaled out of the mask. Both flapper valves can be made of flexible material such as silicone or urethane. One purpose of the flapper valves is to reduce air thermal convection losses. 
         [0161]    The neck portion  230  of the illustrated integrated assembly  100  includes three segments  231 ,  232 , and  233  of rigid plastic to enable bending into a plurality of positions. Materials for the neck portion  230  may include Tritan, ABS, and/or nylon. The neck portion  230  can be securely positioned straight, as shown in  FIG. 17   a  or it may securely bend up, as shown in  FIG. 17   b , or bend down for comfortable mask positioning, as shown in  FIG. 17   c.    
         [0162]    The neck segment  231  is coupled to the aroma subassembly  320 . As best shown in  FIGS. 23   a - 23   e , the aroma subassembly  320  includes an aroma chamber elbow  224  and an aroma chamber cap  225 . The aroma chamber elbow  224  and the aroma chamber cap  225  include mating threads  224   b  and  225   b , respectively, so that these separate halves can be separated or joined. Knurled surface  224   a  and  225   b  can aid in the screwing and unscrewing. The aroma chamber elbow  224  and the aroma chamber cap  225  respectively include screens  226  and  227 , which may be plastic, that define an aroma chamber  228  when the aroma chamber elbow  224  and the aroma chamber cap  225  are joined. 
         [0163]    By unscrewing the aroma chamber elbow  224  and the aroma chamber cap  225 , the aroma chamber  228  can be filled with aromatic oil, herbs, or flowers that infuse the passing air with aromatic phytochemicals in all positions of the neck portion  230 . For example, air flow passes through the aroma subassembly  220  whether the neck portion  230  is in straight position ( FIG. 17   a ), or bent up ( FIG. 17   b ) or bent down ( FIG. 17   c ). 
         [0164]    The base subassembly  240  of the integrated assembly  200  can include a rigid plastic frame and a thermal mass. Materials for the thermal mass may include ceramic, porcelain, stoneware, terracotta, or gel pack materials. The base assembly  240  of this example has a clamshell construction with “bosses” for securing assembly of bottom half  241   a  to top half  241   b  when in use with the aid of the thermal mass band  245 . The thermal mass band  245  can be made of, for example, flexible silicon rubber. The thermal cover  250 , described below, can also assists in securing assembly when in use. The bottom half  241   a  and the top half  241   b  each include channels  243  defined by lands  244 . With this construction, ambient air enters the base subassembly through the air inlet  242  at the bottom of the base subassembly  240 . Air is inhaled through the channels  243  in the thermal mass, being cooled, warmed, or maintained at ambient temperature as it passes. Thermally-conditioned air then enters the neck portion  230 . 
         [0165]    Each of the components discussed above can be, in some examples, top shelf dishwasher-safe. 
         [0166]      FIGS. 19-21  further illustrate a thermal cover subassembly  250  in combination with the other elements of the integrated assembly  200 . The integrated assembly  200  can be enclosed during use with the thermal cover  250  to maintain the coolth, warmth, or ambient temperature of the thermal mass at an optimal temperature. The thermal cover  250  attaches to the mask  210  to keep the mask and neck insulated. The thermal cover  250  can also include a handle  256  to aid in holding the integrated assembly  200  during use of for carrying the integrated assembly  200 . As shown in  FIG. 21 , the thermal cover  250  can be layered with a plush outer fabric layer  254   a , a heat reflector layer  254   b , insulation layer  254   c , and lining fabric layer  254   d . The layers may be made of a plurality of textures and materials that will be insulative and also may offer wicking properties to condensate, such as synthetic fleece, hemp, and/or poly fill fabrics. The heat reflector layer  254   b  of the thermal cover  250  is lined with heat reflective material such as an aluminized Mylar. The size and color of the thermal cover  250  will be a factor in determining the degree to which the thermal cover insulates the thermal mass. 
         [0167]    In addition to a tensioning band, the thermal cover  250  also functions to hold the two clamshell halves  241   a  and  241   b  of the base subassembly  240  securely together during use. 
         [0168]    The heat-reflective lining layer  254   b , insulation layer  254   c , and lining fabric layer  254   d  of the thermal cover each has an opening at its base for the base subassembly air inlet. The thermal cover exterior fabric acts as an air filter at  251  ( FIG. 19 ) for inhaled air through the base subassembly  240  air inlet  242 . 
         [0169]    There is a through-hole  252  to the thermal cover  250  to vent the one-way flapper valve  212   a  in the mask subassembly  210 . The thermal cover  250  has an opening at the neck of the mask subassembly for the soft rubber mask cushion  213  of the protrusion of the mask subassembly  210 . 
         [0170]    The soft exterior layer  254   a  of the thermal cover  250  can enhance the effectiveness of the methods discussed below by permitting comfortable and easy “cradling” of the integrated assembly. The thermal cover can be launderable. 
         [0171]      FIG. 18  illustrates how air flows through the integrated assembly  200  during use. Ambient air enters the integrated assembly  200  through the air inlet  242  at the bottom of the base subassembly  240 . Air is inhaled through the channels  243  in the thermal mass, being cooled, warmed, or maintained at ambient temperature as it passes. Thermally-conditioned air enters the neck portion  230 . Thermally-conditioned air flows through the aroma subassembly  220  to pick up phytochemical scents. Air flow passes through the aroma subassembly  220  whether the neck portion  230  is in straight position ( FIG. 17   a ), or bent up ( FIG. 17   b ) or bent down ( FIG. 17   c ). Air flows through the one-way flapper valve  211   a  and into the upper portion of the mask subassembly  210 . 
         [0172]    Cooled, warmed, or ambient temperature air and/or aromatically conditioned air is then inhaled through the nose. Such inhaled air may also be inhaled through the mouth to more rapidly initiate facilitation of air flow at the onset of use. 
         [0173]    Air is exhaled then through the mouth. Alternatively, exhaled, warmed air may flow through the second one-way flapper valve  212   a  and out of the mask subassembly  210 , limiting the formation of condensate and helping to maintain an optimal temperature in the subassemblies. 
         [0174]    In other examples, the shape of the mask and mask cushion are customized for use in positions that primarily enable inhalations and exhalations from the mouth. 
         [0175]      FIGS. 24   a - 24   f  illustrate an integrated assembly  300  according to another aspect of the present disclosure. The integrated assembly  300  is a mini unit that can use a mask  310  and aroma chamber components that are the same as the mask  210  and aroma subassembly  220  described above. For example, the aroma chamber elbow  324 , aroma chamber cap  325 , screens  326  and  327 , and aroma chamber  328  can be similar or identical to the corresponding components of the aroma subassembly  220  described above. The thermal mass  340  includes an inlet  342  and is shaped to stand up on a table. In this example, there is no adjustable neck portion. 
         [0176]      FIGS. 25   a - 25   d  illustrate an integrated assembly  400  according to another aspect of the present disclosure. This example includes the same components of the mask  210 , aroma chamber  220 , and neck portion  230  as described above. However, in this example, there is no base subassembly  240 . Instead, this unit operates with air at ambient temperatures. The neck portion  230  can act as a handle. 
         [0177]    The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet, including but not limited to U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/650,279 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/734,868, are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary, to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments. 
         [0178]    These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.