Abstract:
An article of footwear comprising a sole constructed for receiving a foot having a toe section and an ankle section with at least two loops fixedly attached to the toe section; an interchangeable upper, or several interchangeable uppers, having loops for securing the upper to the loops of the sole of the footwear; such uppers and soles attached by specialized clips adapted to facilitate a wide variety of advantages.

Description:
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS 
       [0001]    This application is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 14/012,700, filed 28 Aug. 2013, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 13/269,329, filed 7 Oct. 2011. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    FIeld of the Invention 
         [0003]    The field to which this invention pertains is shoes with exchangeable uppers, which are typically women&#39;s shoes. 
         [0004]    Description of Related Art 
         [0005]    For the most part, shoes comprise a sole to protect the foot from the ground; and uppers, or vamps; to secure the foot to the sole. Shoes are ubiquitous, and a high value is often placed upon appearance. In general, the advantage of shoes with exchangeable uppers is that the appearance of the shoe can be adapted to best coordinate with the rest of one&#39;s outfit: mixing and matching fabrics, colors, and styles into aesthetically pleasing combinations. Additionally, the number of sole to upper combinations makes the transport and storage of a wider variety of footwear options easier. 
         [0006]    Shoes with removable uppers are not novel to the apparel industry. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 7,810,253 (Barteet) and U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. US2011/0056091 (Shmurack et al.) describe detachable shoe upper systems currently on the market. Barteet describes a system to affix the sole of the shoe to the uppers using snap fasteners, while Shmurack et al. describes a system to affix the sole of a shoe to the uppers using posts and loops. The disadvantages of both Barteet and Shmurack et al systems are both aesthetic; as the snap, post, and loop fasteners are visible and detract from the aesthetics of the shoe; and functional, as the protruding snaps, posts, and loops can catch on external objects causing the shoe to come apart and risk possible injury to the foot. Both problems may be solved with a shoe whose fastener is aesthetically pleasing, durable, and secure. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    None of the particular objects or advantages that follow must be entirely satisfied as they are non-exclusive alternatives and at least one of the following objects is met; accordingly, several objects and advantages of the present invention are: 
         [0008]    (a) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper; 
         [0009]    (b) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is aesthetically pleasing; 
         [0010]    (c) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is durable; 
         [0011]    (d) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that allows the upper to be quickly and conveniently attached and detached; 
         [0012]    (e) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is unlikely to accidentally catch on another object; 
         [0013]    (f) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is itself capable of being used interchangeably between many shoe soles and uppers; 
         [0014]    (g) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is capable of opening and closing; 
         [0015]    (h) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is capable of remaining open or closed in a secured manner; 
         [0016]    (i) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is cheaply and easily produced; 
         [0017]    (j) to provide a means for attaching the sole of a shoe to an upper that is itself capable of tightening or loosening the shoe upper to a sole; 
         [0018]    (k) these and other objectives and advantages of the instant invention will become apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein are set forth, by way of illustration and example, certain embodiments of the instant invention. The drawings constitute a part of this specification and include exemplary embodiments of the present invention and illustrate various objects and features thereof. 
     
    
     
       BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES 
         [0019]      FIG. 1  illustrates an isometric perspective view of footwear with an exchangeable upper that is attached to a sole. 
           [0020]      FIG. 2  illustrates an isometric perspective view of footwear with an exchangeable upper that is detached from a sole. 
           [0021]      FIG. 3  illustrates a clip with a snap closure. 
           [0022]      FIG. 4  illustrates a clip with an oppositely threaded closure. 
           [0023]      FIG. 5  illustrates a clip with overlapping design. 
           [0024]      FIG. 6A  illustrates a clip that screws open with a snap closure in the closed position. 
           [0025]      FIG. 6B  illustrates a clip that screws open with a slide closure in the open position. 
           [0026]      FIG. 7A  illustrates a clip that slides open with an oppositely threaded closure in the closed position. 
           [0027]      FIG. 7B  illustrates a clip that slides open with an oppositely threaded closure in the open position. 
           [0028]      FIG. 8  illustrates a circular clip with a snap closure. 
           [0029]      FIG. 9  illustrates a rectangular clip with a snap closure. 
           [0030]      FIG. 10  illustrates a semi-circular clip with a snap closure. 
           [0031]      FIG. 11A  illustrates a clip with internal prong closures in the closed position. 
           [0032]      FIG. 11  B illustrates a clip with internal prong closures in the open position. 
           [0033]      FIG. 12  illustrates a three prong clip with snap closures. 
           [0034]      FIG. 13  illustrates a hinge and hook clip. 
           [0035]      FIG. 14  illustrates a two prong clip with two hooks and a decorative closure. 
           [0036]      FIG. 15  illustrates a two prong clip with a hook closure. 
           [0037]      FIG. 16  illustrates a clip with a bar closure. 
           [0038]      FIG. 17  illustrates a circular clip with hinge and snap closure. 
           [0039]      FIG. 18  is a side isometric drawing illustrating an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention, incorporating a loop and ring connection system in a detached configuration. 
           [0040]      FIG. 19  is a side isometric drawing illustrating the embodiment of  FIG. 18 , in an attached configuration. 
           [0041]      FIG. 20  is a side isometric drawing illustrating the embodiment of  FIG. 18 , in a detached configuration with some of the loop attachments closed to form loops. 
           [0042]      FIG. 21  is a side isometric drawing illustrating a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention, incorporating a variation on the loop and ring connection system of  FIGS. 18-20 , in a detached configuration. 
           [0043]      FIG. 22  is a side isometric drawing illustrating the embodiment of  FIG. 21 , in an attached configuration. 
           [0044]      FIG. 23A  is a detailed side isometric drawing illustrating the loop and ring connection system of  FIGS. 21 and 22  in an attached configuration. 
           [0045]      FIG. 23B  is a detailed side isometric drawing illustrating the loop of  FIGS. 21 and 22  in a closed configuration apart from the ring. 
           [0046]      FIG. 23C  is a detailed side isometric drawing illustrating the loop and ring connection system of  FIGS. 21 and 22  in a detached configuration. 
           [0047]      FIG. 24  is a side isometric drawing illustrating a twentieth embodiment of the present invention, incorporating a reinforced ring and a compression snap closure in a detached configuration 
           [0048]      FIG. 25  is a side isometric drawing showing the embodiment of  FIG. 24  in an attached configuration. 
           [0049]      FIG. 26  is a detailed view of the reinforced ring and compression snap closure of  FIGS. 24 and 25 . 
           [0050]      FIG. 27  is an exploded isometric view of a compression snap closure according to the present invention. 
           [0051]      FIG. 28  is an exploded isometric view of the reinforced ring. 
           [0052]      FIG. 29  is a side isometric view of the reinforced ring being installed on an upper snap. 
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0053]    For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiments illustrated in the drawings and specific language will be used to describe the same. However, the illustrated embodiments are merely exemplary and many additional embodiments of this invention are possible. For example, a wedge shoe is pictured; however, this invention can be applied to most footwear. It is understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Any alterations and further modifications in the illustrated devices, and such further application of the principles of the invention as illustrated herein are contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the invention relates. 
         [0054]    Unless otherwise indicated, the drawings are intended to be read (e.g., arrangement of parts, proportion, degree, etc.) together with the specification, and are to be considered a portion of the entire written description of this invention. As used in the following description, the terms “horizontal”, “vertical”, “left”, “right”, “up” and “down”, as well as adjectival and adverbial derivatives thereof (e.g., “horizontally”, “rightwardly”, “upwardly”, etc.), simply refer to the orientation of the illustrated structure as the particular drawing figure faces the reader. Similarly, the terms “inwardly” and “outwardly” generally refer to the orientation of a surface relative to its axis of elongation, or axis of rotation, as appropriate. 
         [0055]    1. The Shoe 
         [0056]    Shown throughout the figures, the instant invention is generally directed toward attaching a sole of a piece of footwear to an upper. An embodiment of such system of attaching the sole of a piece of footwear to an upper is illustrated in  FIG. 1 , said upper is illustrated as unattached in  FIG. 2 . The sole ( 20 ) of the footwear can be of any design used for the soles of footwear, including: wedges, heels, flats, etc. and is not limited to any specific design of a sole. [0009] Attached to said sole of the footwear are loops ( 30 ) adapted to receive a clip, clasp, hook, carabiner; or other means of removable attachment ( 32 ). Additionally, the footwear comprises either one, or multiple, uppers, such as: an upper that secures the toe section ( 24 ); an upper that secures the ankle section ( 26 ); or any upper that may attach anywhere to a sole ( 20 ), thereby securing the foot to said sole ( 20 ). This invention contemplates uppers that have loops ( 28 ) adapted to receive a clip, clasp, hook, carabiner; or other means of removable attachment ( 32 ). The loops of both the sole ( 30 ) and of the uppers ( 28 ) can be made of any material so long as they are sturdy enough to withstand the wear and tear customary to footwear. 
         [0057]    The third component of the footwear is a clip, clasp, hook, carabiner; or other means of removable attachment ( 32 ). Such clip can be made of any durable material suitable to its purpose. The loops on the sole ( 30 ) and the loops on the uppers ( 28 ) are then connected with the clip, clasp, hook, carabiner; or other means of removable attachment ( 32 ) creating the complete shoe. In the embodiment shown in  FIG. 1  and  FIG. 2 , the clip is shown with a hinge ( 36 ) that allows an arm ( 34 ) to pivot outwardly when its opposite end containing a retention pin ( 40 ) is released from a socket ( 38 ) for fitting the opposing pin ( 40 ). 
         [0058]    In general, the advantage of shoes with exchangeable uppers is that the appearance of the shoe can be adapted to best coordinate with the rest of one&#39;s outfit; mixing and matching fabrics, colors, and styles into aesthetically pleasing combinations. Additionally, the number of sole to upper combinations makes the transport and storage of a wider variety of footwear options easier. It is contemplated that the uppers, soles, and means of attachment of the two can be selected to coordinate with the wearer&#39;s wardrobe and can be made out of any suitable material. 
         [0059]    2. The Clip, Clasp, Hook, Carabiner; or Other Means of Removable Attachment of the Sole and Upper of the Footwear 
         [0060]    This invention presents several improvements over the prior art in the clip, clasp, hook, carabiner; or other means of removable attachment of the sole of the footwear to the upper.  FIGS. 3 through 17  illustrate various improvements in the means for removable attachment of the sole of a piece of footwear to an upper. 
         [0061]      FIG. 3  illustrates a preferred embodiment of a clip ( 32 ) with horizontal length x adapted to suit the length of the loops on the uppers and soles of the footwear and a vertical length y adapted to suit the thickness of said loops. The vertical length y also determines the desired gap between said upper and sole loops within the clip. In this embodiment, the clip arm ( 34 ) opens outward and remains attached to the clip by a hinge ( 36 ). The arm of the clip ( 34 ) is located on the outward end of the clip which allows for opening of the arm ( 34 ) when the majority of the clip ( 32 ) is covered by the upper and sole loops of the footwear. This positioning of the arm of the clip ( 34 ) also allows the arm, and thereby the entire clip, to be easy extracted through said loops. This clip ( 32 ) can be locked into a closed position by pressing inwardly on the hinged arm ( 34 ), which contains a retaining pin ( 40 ) that snaps into a containing socket ( 38 ). The arm of the clip ( 34 ) can then be opened again by pushing or pulling outwardly on the arm of the clip ( 34 ). Additionally, the arm ( 34 ) may be opened by pressing against an optional lever ( 42 ) adapted for applying a torque on the hinge ( 36 ), thereby opening the clip. Such optional lever ( 42 ) being capable of sliding into a slot in the clip when the arm ( 34 ) is open, thereby facilitating easy removal of the clip from the loops of the uppers and soles of the footwear without said optional lever ( 42 ) impeding the removal of the clip.  FIG. 4  is very similar to  FIG. 3 , with the exception that the means for locking the clip closed is comprised of oppositely oriented threaded regions on the clip ( 44 ) and arm ( 46 ) that screw together in a carabiner type fashion. 
         [0062]      FIG. 5  illustrates another embodiment of a clip ( 48 ). This embodiment is similar to a paper clip in that the loops of the uppers and sole of the footwear are threaded through an open recess in the clip ( 50 ) into an inner chamber within the clip defined by an upper portion of the clip ( 52 ) and a bottom portion of the clip ( 54 ). The paper clip type nature of the clip encircling itself then prevents the loops from unintentionally leaving the inner chamber of the clip. This design can be circular, or any other self-enclosing shape. The further the loops of the upper or lower are pushed into the spirals of the clip, the smaller the gap between the upper and sole loops become, thereby tightening the shoe to the foot. 
         [0063]      FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6B  illustrate another embodiment of a clip ( 56 ) that is similar to  FIG. 3 , except that instead of having an arm ( 34 ) on a hinge ( 36 ), this embodiment has an arm ( 58 ) that rotates perpendicularly to the horizontal axis of the clip. Such arm ( 58 ) is shown with a snap closure ( 60 ), although it can be outfitted with a variety of closures; such as, but not limited to the closure illustrated in  FIG. 4 .  FIG. 6B  shows the same clip ( 56 ) as  FIG. 6A , except that it is in the open position. This open position exposes the threads on the shaft of the arm ( 62 ) that screw into the oppositely oriented threads within the open shaft of the clip.  FIG. 6B  also shows an alternate locking mechanism comprising a hollow spring-loaded cylinder ( 64 ) that you can pull back as you screw the arm ( 58 ) toward the clip ( 56 ) and release to attach to the opposing end of the clip ( 66 ), thereby preventing the arm ( 58 ) from opening by rotating perpendicularly to the horizontal axis of the clip ( 56 ). The clip shown in  FIG. 6A  and  FIG. 6B  allows the loops of the uppers to be quickly released from the sole of the footwear while the loops of the sole can only be easily released by completely unscrewing the arm of the clip ( 58 ). 
         [0064]      FIG. 7A  and  FIG. 7B  illustrate another embodiment of a clip ( 68 ) that is similar to  FIG. 3 , except that instead of having an arm ( 34 ) on a hinge ( 36 ), this embodiment has an arm ( 70 ) with a smooth post ( 72 ) that slides into an aperture ( 74 ) in the clip ( 68 ). In  FIG. 7A , the clip ( 68 ) is shown with a means for locking the clip ( 46 ) in the closed position. In  FIG. 7B  the means for closure is shown as comprised of oppositely oriented threaded regions on the clip ( 44 ) and arm ( 46 ); as in  FIG. 4 , that screw together in a carabiner type fashion; although the clip ( 68 ) can be outfitted with a variety of closures. 
         [0065]      FIG. 8 ,  FIG. 9 , and  FIG. 10  illustrate a circular design, a rectangular design, and a semi circle design respectively of the same clip shown in  FIG. 3 . It is contemplated that having a variety of possible shapes is desirable to facilitate the maximum number of possible combinations and styles achievable when mixing and matching the soles of the footwear with the clips and uppers of the footwear. It is also contemplated that the loops of the soles and uppers of the footwear may be curved and that having a curvature in the clip for attaching those loops might be desirable. While  FIG. 8 ,  FIG. 9 , and  FIG. 10  illustrate alternate embodiments of the clip ( 32 ) shown in  FIG. 3 , such alternate shapes can be applied to any of the clips described in the specification and those which would be apparent to those skilled in the art that may be derived from the clips described in the specification. 
         [0066]      FIG. 11A  illustrates a closed, and  FIG. 11  B illustrates an open, configuration of the same embodiment of a clip ( 76 ). This embodiment of the clip ( 76 ) comprises two two-prong arms, with one two-prong arm ( 80 ) being adapted with posts ( 82 ) that slide into the other two-prong arm ( 78 ). When the two two-prong arms are joined they are fastened by a locking mechanism ( 84 ) on the posts ( 82 ) of the arm ( 80 ) that is inserted into the opposing arm ( 78 ), thereby concealing such locking mechanism. Such locking mechanism can be oppositely oriented ridges on the posts ( 84 ) and within the opposing arm that hold the clip ( 76 ) closed with pressure and friction, or any other locking mechanism well-adapted to secure the two arms together. It is contemplated that this embodiment of the clip can be made with more than two prongs on each arm that slide into each other. An advantage of this embodiment of the clip is that there can be no moving parts to wear down and become a point of weakness on the two two-prong arms. This embodiment of the clip can also be cast and manufactured cheaply as there can be no moving parts which would need to be assembled. Additionally, this embodiment of the clip can be opened and closed quickly because the opening and closing of the clip ( 76 ) is accomplished by pulling both sides of the clip apart or pushing both sides of the clip together simultaneously with enough force to engage the fastening mechanism, thus little time would be needed to know if the clip was properly secured in the closed position. 
         [0067]      FIG. 12  illustrates an embodiment of a three prong clip ( 86 ). In this embodiment the three prong clip ( 86 ) has an upper ( 88 ) and lower ( 90 ) prong adapted to slide through the loops on the upper and sole of the footwear respectively. The middle prong of the clip ( 92 ) is attached between the other two prongs by means of a hinge ( 94 ) that allows the middle prong ( 92 ) to swing forward when the clip is inserted through the loops of the upper and sole of the footwear, and to swing back, locking the clip in place between the loops of the upper and sole of the footwear. The locking mechanism can be any mechanism capable of securing the middle prong ( 92 ) to the upper ( 88 ) and lower prongs ( 90 ). As it is shown, the locking mechanism are snaps ( 96 ) located between the upper ( 88 ), lower ( 90 ), and middle ( 92 ) prongs. 
         [0068]      FIG. 13  illustrates a hinge and hook clip ( 98 ) similar to the clip ( 32 ) shown in  FIG. 3  except that it comprises an arm ( 102 ) connected to a hinge ( 100 ) that is attached to the upper end of the clip ( 106 ) by a hook ( 104 ). The arm of the clip ( 102 ) disengages from the upper end of the clip ( 106 ) by snapping outward over the end of the upper end of the clip ( 106 ). This embodiment of the clip ( 98 ), is capable of being manufactured cheaply without the complexities of the fastening means illustrated in the other embodiments of the clips shown and may have aesthetic appeal to some customers. 
         [0069]      FIG. 14  illustrates a two-prong clip with decorative closures ( 108 ). This embodiment of the clip has an upper prong ( 110 ) and a lower prong ( 112 ) with outwardly facing hooks on the upper ( 114 ) and lower ( 116 ) prongs. When the prongs are squeezed together they can be inserted into a loop ( 118 ) that retains the outwardly facing hooks on the upper ( 114 ) and lower ( 116 ) prongs, holding the loops of the upper and sole of the footwear in place by an outward tension created by the two prong clip ( 108 ). The face of the loop is illustrated as a decorative unit ( 120 ). This decorative unit can be mirrored symmetrically on the other side of the clip ( 108 ) with another similar fixed decorative unit ( 122 ). Embodiments of alternate faces for the decorative units are shown as a smiley face ( 124 ) and a fish ( 126 ) but may be of any design. This embodiment of the clip ( 108 ) has the advantage of not having any hinges to assemble as well as having an appeal to a consumer with a preference for a more decorative clip. 
         [0070]      FIG. 15  illustrates another embodiment of a two prong clip ( 128 ) that is fixedly attached to the loop on the sole of the footwear by the bottom prong ( 130 ), a side portion ( 132 ) fixedly attaching the upper ( 132 ) and bottom prongs ( 134 ), and another side portion ( 136 ) capable of releasably securing the upper prong ( 138 ). The upper prong ( 138 ) can be disengaged from a hook ( 140 ) or other means for closure by either pressing down on the upper prong ( 138 ) or by pressing outward on the side portion capable of releasably securing the upper prong ( 136 ), or other means for closure. This embodiment may also be outfitted with a hinge allowing the bottom portion of the side portion capable of releasably securing the upper prong ( 136 ) for opening the closure with greater ease. An advantage of this embodiment of the clip ( 128 ) is that it remains attached to the loop on the sole of the footwear. 
         [0071]      FIG. 16  illustrates an embodiment of a clip with a bar closure ( 142 ). In this embodiment of the clip there is a bar that creates an enclosure ( 144 ) with loops on either end of the bar ( 146 ) that can be inserted through a loop on the uppers or soles of footwear. When the bar that creates an enclosure ( 144 ) has been inserted through a loop on the upper or sole of a piece of footwear, another bar that inserts through the loops on the bar that creates the enclosure ( 148 ) can then be inserted through one of the loops ( 146 ) on either side of the bar that creates an enclosure ( 144 ), through a loop on the upper or sole of the footwear, then through the other loop on the bar that creates an enclosure ( 144 ); thereby attaching the sole of the footwear to the upper. The bar that inserts through the loops on the bar that creates the enclosure ( 148 ) is fixed in place by a retaining knob or other outwardly protruding structure on either side of the bar. As shown in the illustration, the bar that inserts through the loops on the bar that creates the enclosure ( 148 ) has a fixed knob on the left-hand side ( 150 ) and another knob on the right-hand side of the bar ( 152 ) that can be securely attached and detached from the bar that inserts through the loops on the bar that creates the enclosure ( 148 ) by use of oppositely threaded regions in the knob ( 154 ) and on the bar ( 156 ). Any other means known to those skilled in the art for attaching outwardly protruding structures on either side of the bar that inserts through the loops on the bar that creates the enclosure ( 148 ) are contemplated. An advantage of this embodiment of the clip ( 142 ) is that force acting on the vertical axis of the clip acts directly on the bar that inserts through the loops on the bar that creates the enclosure ( 148 ), and does not act on a hinge or other means for closing the clip; thus greatly increasing the strength of the clip. 
         [0072]      FIG. 17  illustrates a circular clip with a hinge and snap closure ( 158 ). In this embodiment of a clip ( 158 ) two symmetrical half circle arms ( 160 ) are attached by a hinge ( 162 ) and snap together on their opposing ends ( 164 ). Both symmetrical sides ( 160 ) of the clip ( 158 ) are inserted through a loop on either an upper or the sole of the footwear thereby attaching the upper and sole of the footwear. Some advantages of this embodiment of the clip ( 158 ) are that it can be cheaply produced and easily operated. It is contemplated that this embodiment of the clip ( 158 ) might be ideal for use in children&#39;s shoes. 
         [0073]      FIGS. 18, 19 and 20  illustrate an eighteenth embodiment of the present invention, wherein upper  124  is attached to sole  120  via a loop and ring arrangement  133 .  FIG. 18  illustrates this embodiment in a detached configuration,  FIG. 19  illustrates this embodiment in an attached configuration, and  FIG. 20  illustrates this embodiment in a detached configuration with two of looping attachments  130  closed to form loops and one in an open, un-looped state. Each loop and ring arrangement  133  comprises looping attachment  130  and ring  132 . In this embodiment, looping attachments  130  are formed of flexible leather, fabric or the like and include apparatus to attach the end of looping attachment  130  to itself, forming a loop to connect it to ring  132 . For example, looping attachment  130  might comprise a snap fastener  131  wherein the male half of the snap passes through ring  132  and attaches to the female half to form a loop capturing ring  132  (or vice versa). In this embodiment, rings  132  are embedded within the material forming upper  124 . 
         [0074]      FIGS. 21, 22, and 23A -C illustrate a nineteenth embodiment of the present invention.  FIG. 21  shows a detached configuration,  FIG. 22  shows an attached configuration, and  FIGS. 23A-C  are detailed side isometric drawings illustrating the loop and ring connection system of  FIGS. 21 and 22 .  FIG. 23A  shows the loop and ring arrangement  233  in an attached configuration,  FIG. 23B  shows looping attachment  130  closed, but not attached to ring  232 , and  FIG. 23C  shows loop and ring arrangement  233  in a detached configuration. This embodiment is very similar to the eighteenth embodiment illustrated in  FIGS. 18-20 . However, in this embodiment, ring  232  is attached to upper  224  rather than being embedded in it. In this particular embodiment, an extension of the material of upper forms a channel  228  within which ring  232  is threaded. For example, a portion of material may pass through ring  232  and be sewn to itself to form channel  228 . Again, looping attachment  130  includes a self connection mechanism such as a snap  131 . 
         [0075]    Variations on the embodiments of  FIGS. 18-23  fall within the spirit of the present invention. For example, looping attachments  130  might be attached to sole  120 , and rings  132 ,  232  might be attached to uppers  124 ,  224 . A different form of self-attachment besides a snap fastener might be used for looping attachment  130 . Ring  232  might be attached by a different means than sewn channel  228 . 
         [0076]      FIGS. 24-29  illustrate an embodiment of the present invention that is particularly useful for street sandals, where the wearer walks and runs in the sandals all day without lower looping straps  330 ,  333  coming open or grommets  332  tearing upper straps  334 .  FIG. 24  is a side isometric drawing of this embodiment incorporating a reinforced ring and a compression snap closure in a detached configuration.  FIG. 25  is a side isometric drawing showing the embodiment of  FIG. 24  in an attached configuration. 
         [0077]      FIG. 26  is a detailed view of the reinforced ring and compression snap closure of  FIGS. 24 and 25 .  FIG. 27  is an exploded isometric view of a compression snap closure  331  according to the present invention 
         [0078]      FIG. 24  shows a sole  320  with two attached looping straps  330  on either side of the ankle and a third attached looping strap  333  disposed between the wearer&#39;s toes. Straps  330 ,  333  are preferably a tough material such as leather. Each looping strap  330 ,  333  includes a compression snap closure  331 . Compression snap closures  331  are particularly adapted to this street sandal, because once the stud  331 C is inserted into the socket  331 B and the sandal is donned, nearly all of the pressure on snap  331  is perpendicular to the axis of stud  331 C, meaning that snap  331  is not urged open when the sandal is worn. However, since stud  331 C is pressure fitted into socket  331 B, it is easy for the wearer to open snap  331  by pulling the end of strap  330  or  333  thereby applying pressure parallel to stud  331 C. 
         [0079]    When sandal  300  is donned, the end of lower strap  330  is inserted into the opening of reinforced ring  332 , embedded within upper strap  334  on upper  324 . Then the male and female halves of snap  331  are snapped together, trapping grommet  332  within the loop formed in lower strap  330 . Front lower strap  333  is attached similarly. Once all three snaps  331  are snapped into place, the sandal is assembled and ready to wear. 
         [0080]      FIG. 27  shows an example of a compression snap fastener  331  according to the present invention. It comprises a socket cap  331 A, a socket  331 B, a stud  331 C and a stud cap  331 D. In one embodiment of present invention, socket cap  331 A and socket  331 B sandwich a proximal section of lower strap  330  while stud  331 C and stud cap  331 D sandwich a distal portion of strap  330 . These positions may be reversed. In use, stud  331 C moves along its axis to snap into socket  331 B, forming a pressure fit. Socket  331 B includes, for example, a tight wire spring (not shown) that expands and contracts around stud  3310  as it is pressed on and pulled off. 
         [0081]    The caps  331 A and  331 D shown in  FIG. 27  are prong style, but post style caps may also be used. Similarly, and open prong ring may be used in place of stud cap  331 D. An S, parallel, segmented or ring spring may be incorporated within socket  331 B to form the pressure fit, as well as other pressure fit mechanisms. 
         [0082]      FIG. 28  is an exploded isometric view of reinforced ring or grommet  332 . As noted, street sandals need to be tough. Reinforced grommet  332  is particularly well adapted for use with street sandals because it bolts into place and grips strap  334  all around opening  350 . Grommet  332  is preferably formed of a tough metal such as brass or steel. It comprises a flat bolt side  341  and a thicker sleeve side  342 . Bolt side  341  includes holes  343  for insertion of bolts  346 . Sleeve side  342  includes a flange  349  flanked by bolt sleeves  344  into which bolts  346  will be screwed. Sleeve side  342  further includes teeth or grippers  345  which dig into upper strap  334  and hold grommet  332  in place. 
         [0083]      FIG. 29  is a side isometric view of grommet  332  being installed on an upper strap  334 . Flange  349  is inserted into opening  350  of strap  334 . Bolts  346  pass through holes  343  and strap opening  350  and are screwed into sleeves  344 . Grippers  345  press into the leather of strap  334 . 
         [0084]    In a preferred embodiment, the outer dimensions of grommet  332  are 16 mm×20 mm, while openings  347  and  348  are 10 mm×15 mm. 
         [0085]    All patents and publications mentioned or incorporated into this specification are indicative of the levels of those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains. All patents and publications are herein incorporated by reference to the same extent as if each individual publication was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference. 
         [0086]    It is to be understood that while certain forms of the invention are illustrated, it is not to be limited to the specific forms or arrangements herein described and shown. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes may be made without departing from the scope of the invention and the invention is not to be considered limited to what is shown and described in the specification and any drawings/figures included herein. 
         [0087]    One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present invention is well-adapted to carry out the objectives and obtain the ends and advantage mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The embodiments, methods, procedures, and techniques described herein are presently representative of the preferred embodiments; are intended to be exemplary; and are not intended as limitations on the scope. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the invention and are defined by the scope of the claims. Although the invention has been described in connection with specific preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the invention as claimed should not be unduly limited to such specific embodiments. Indeed, various modifications of the described modes for carrying out the invention which are obvious to those skilled in the art are intended to be within the scope of the claims.