Abstract:
The present disclosure relates to an engine control device for hybrid construction machinery, and more particularly, and an object of the present disclosure is to, in a hybrid excavator, in which a swing apparatus is electrically driven by being separated from a hydraulic power train system in the related art, satisfy a minimum rotational speed of an engine auxiliary motor which is necessary to satisfy a target charging amount required for an energy storage device, and improve fuel efficiency by removing unnecessary energy loss at low loads by controlling a rotational speed of an engine to be lower than a rotational speed of an engine determined based on a dial input and a mode input in the related art, in a case where a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor is small in a low-load work situation.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION 
       [0001]    This Application is a Section 371 National Stage Application of International Application No. PCT/KR2013/012066, filed Dec. 24, 2013 and published, not in English, as WO 2014/104698 A1 on Jul. 3, 2014. 
     
    
     FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0002]    The present disclosure relates to an engine control device for hybrid construction machinery, and more particularly, to an engine control device for hybrid construction machinery, which is capable of reducing an engine rotational speed in accordance with low pump loads and a low target power generation amount of an engine auxiliary motor in order to maximize fuel efficiency of hybrid construction machinery including an electric swing apparatus. 
       BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE 
       [0003]    Recently, researches on hybrid type construction machinery, which improves fuel efficiency by storing surplus power of an engine in a battery, and supplying power from the battery to the engine that does not have sufficient power so as to cope with an rapid increase in oil price, are being actively conducted. 
         [0004]    A system, which uses the engine and an electric motor as a common power source as described above, and has an electrical energy storage device, is referred to as a hybrid system. For example, as the hybrid system, there is a hybrid system for heavy equipment, such as a hybrid vehicle and an excavator. 
         [0005]    In the meantime, a general excavator system uses an engine as a power source and serves to swing or move a boom, an arm, and a bucket, which are final loads, by means of hydraulic pressure. On the contrary, in the case of a hybrid excavator system, a motor and an electricity storage device are additionally installed in a general excavator, thereby improving overall efficiency of the excavator system. 
         [0006]      FIG. 1  is a configuration diagram of a hybrid excavator, in which a swing apparatus is driven by electricity by being separated from a hydraulic power train system in the related art. 
         [0007]    As illustrated in  FIG. 1 , a swing motor  70  is driven by receiving electric energy from an energy storage device  60 , and the energy storage device  60  receives electric power from an engine auxiliary motor  20 . In a situation where the swing motor  70  decelerates, kinetic energy of the swing apparatus is regenerated to the energy storage device  60 , and regarding electric power that is lost due to friction and the like, the engine auxiliary motor  20  supplies electric power to maintain a voltage of the energy storage device  60  to maintain at an appropriate level. In the meantime, an engine  10 , a pump  30 , a control valve  40 , and a boom/arm/bucket traveling operator  50  are the same components as those provided in an engine type excavator in the related art. 
         [0008]    The engine of the excavator in the related art is controlled so as to receive a target engine rotational speed from a dial input of a driver and a mode input switch (for example, a power (P) mode, a standard (S) mode, and an economy (E) mode) as illustrated in  FIG. 2  and maintain the received target engine rotational speed with a predetermined uniform value. Accordingly, the engine is driven at a predetermined rotational speed regardless of a load size, so that unnecessary energy loss is generated in low load work. 
         [0009]    In the meantime, in the hybrid excavator in which the swing apparatus is electrically driven by being separated from the hydraulic power train system in the related art as illustrated in  FIG. 1 , the swing motor  70  receives electric energy from the energy storage device  60  to be driven. In the aforementioned hybrid excavator, a load is not generated in the engine during the turning operation, so that, in a representative work mode, in which excavation—turning—dump operations are repeated, a time, for which a high load is applied to the engine, is shorter than that of the engine type excavator in the related art. Accordingly, when a method of controlling a rotational speed of an engine in the related art is applied, the hybrid excavator has larger energy loss due to an unnecessarily high rotational speed of the engine at low load work, compared to the engine type excavator in the related art. 
         [0010]    However, in the hybrid excavator of  FIG. 1 , in order to maintain a voltage of the energy storage device  60  at an appropriate level, the engine auxiliary motor  20  driven at the same rotational speed of that of the engine  10  needs to generate a sufficient power generation voltage while rotating at an appropriate speed or more. This means that in the hybrid excavator, a rotational speed of the engine needs to be maintained high in order to charge the energy storage device  60  even under low load work, differently from the engine type excavator in the related art. 
         [0011]    The discussion above is merely provided for general background information and is not intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter. 
       SUMMARY 
       [0012]    This summary and the abstract are provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. The summary and the abstract are not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter. 
         [0013]    The present disclosure is conceived so as to solve the problems in the related art, and an object of some embodiments of the present disclosure is to, in a hybrid excavator, in which a swing apparatus is electrically driven by being separated from a hydraulic power train system in the related art, satisfy the minimum rotational speed of the engine auxiliary motor which is necessary to satisfy a target charging amount required for an energy storage device, and improve fuel efficiency by removing unnecessary energy loss at low loads by controlling a rotational speed of an engine to be lower than a rotational speed of an engine determined based on a dial input and a mode input in the related art, in a case where a target power generation amount of an engine auxiliary motor is small in a low-load work situation. 
         [0014]    In order to achieve the aforementioned object, for a target engine rotational speed according to a torque of a pump, the present disclosure sets a minimum rotational speed for a target output quantity of a power generator as a lower limit value and sets a target rotational speed determined based on a dial input and a mode input in the related art as an upper limit value, thereby calculating a final target engine rotational speed. 
         [0015]    More particularly, the present disclosure provides an engine control device for hybrid construction machinery which comprises an engine, an engine auxiliary motor, an energy storage device, a swing motor, and a pump operating an operator, which performs work other than a swing operation, by using driving power of the engine, the engine control device including: a first target engine rotational speed calculation unit configured to calculate a first target engine rotational speed of the engine based on a dial input value and a work mode input value which are information about the rotational speed of the engine; a second target engine rotational speed calculation unit configured to calculate a second target rotational speed of the engine based on a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor; and an engine speed determination unit configured to compare a calculation value of the calculated first target engine rotational speed and a calculation value of the calculated second target engine rotational speed, and determine a minimum value as a final target engine rotational speed. 
         [0016]    The present disclosure may further include a third target engine rotational speed calculation unit configured to calculate a third target engine rotational speed of the engine based on a torque of the pump, in which the engine speed determination unit may include a maximum value calculation unit configured to compare the calculation value of the calculated second target engine rotational speed with a calculation value of the calculated third target engine rotational speed and calculate a maximum value and a minimum value calculation unit configured to compare the calculation value of the calculated first target engine rotational speed with the maximum value calculated by the maximum value calculation unit, to calculate a minimum value, to determine the calculated minimum value as a final target engine rotational speed. 
         [0017]    The third target engine rotational speed calculation unit may apply a hysteresis to a relationship between a torque of the pump and the target rotational speed of the engine by setting the torque of the pump at a time point, at which the target rotational speed of the engine increases, to be larger than the torque of the pump at a time point, at which the target rotational speed of the engine decreases. 
         [0018]    The present disclosure may further include a proportion-integration-differentiation (PID) controller configured to calculate a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor based on a voltage and a target voltage of the energy storage device. 
         [0019]    The engine control device for hybrid construction machinery according to the present disclosure may satisfy a minimum rotational speed of an engine auxiliary motor which is necessary to satisfy a target charging amount required for an energy storage device, and improve fuel efficiency by removing unnecessary energy loss at low loads by controlling a rotational speed of an engine to be lower than a rotational speed of an engine determined based on a dial input and a mode input in the related art in a case where a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor is small in a low-load work situation in hybrid construction machinery in which a swing apparatus is electrically driven by being separated from a hydraulic power train system in the related art. 
     
    
     
       DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
         [0020]      FIG. 1  is a configuration diagram of a hybrid excavator, in which a swing apparatus is driven by electricity by being separated from a hydraulic power train system in the related art. 
           [0021]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram of a control of an engine rotational speed in the related art. 
           [0022]      FIG. 3  is a configuration diagram of an engine control device for hybrid construction machinery according to the present disclosure. 
           [0023]      FIG. 4  is a diagram of a control of the rotational speed of an engine according to a torque of a pump of  FIG. 3 . 
           [0024]      FIG. 5  is a diagram of a comparison between a control of the rotational speed of an engine in the related art and a control of the rotational speed of the engine according to the present disclosure. 
           [0000]    
         
           
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
               
                 
                 
               
                 
               
             
                 
                     
                 
                 
                   Description of Main Reference Numerals of the Drawings 
                 
                 
                     
                 
               
               
                 
                     
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   10: Engine 
                   20: Engine auxiliary motor 
                 
                 
                   30: Pump 
                   40: Control valve 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   50: Boom/arm/bucket traveling operator 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   60: Energy storage device 
                   70: Swing motor 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   100: First target engine rotational speed calculation unit 
                 
                 
                   200: Second target engine rotational speed calculation unit 
                 
                 
                   300: Third target engine rotational speed calculation unit 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   400: PID controller 
                   500: Maximum value calculation unit 
                 
               
            
             
                 
                   600: Minimum value calculation unit 
                 
                 
                     
                 
               
            
           
         
       
       
    
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
       [0025]    Hereinafter, an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference the accompanying drawing. A configuration of the present disclosure and an operational effect according to the configuration of the present disclosure will be clearly understood by the detailed description below. In the following detailed description, the same elements will be designated by the same reference numerals even though the elements are illustrated in different drawings, and a detailed explanation of publicly known related configurations may be omitted so as to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the subject matter of the present disclosure. 
         [0026]    The present disclosure is applied to hybrid construction machinery, in which a swing apparatus illustrated in  FIG. 1  is driven by electricity by being separated from a hydraulic power train system in the related art. 
         [0027]    That is, the present disclosure is applicable to hybrid construction machinery, which includes an engine  10 , an engine auxiliary motor  20  driven by the engine  10 , an energy storage device  60  for storing energy received from the engine auxiliary motor  20 , a swing motor  70  driven by electric energy of the energy storage device  60 , and a pump  30  operating an operator  50  through a control valve  40 , which performs work other than a swing operation, by using driving power of the engine  10  as illustrated in  FIG. 1 . 
         [0028]      FIG. 3  is a configuration diagram of an engine control device for hybrid construction machinery according to the present disclosure. 
         [0029]    As illustrated in  FIG. 3 , the engine control device for hybrid construction machinery according to the present disclosure includes a first target engine rotational speed calculation unit  100 , a second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200 , a third target engine rotational speed calculation unit  300 , and engine speed calculation units  500  and  600 . Here, the engine speed calculation units  500  and  600  include a maximum value calculation unit  500  and a minimum value calculation unit  600 . 
         [0030]    The engine control device for hybrid construction machinery according to the present disclosure includes the first target engine rotational speed calculation unit  100 , which calculates a first target engine rotational speed of the engine  10  based on a dial input value and a work mode input value that are information about the rotational speed of the engine  10  applied for the control of the rotational speed of the engine in the related art illustrated in  FIG. 2 , the second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200  which calculates a second target engine rotational speed of the engine  10  based on a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor  20 , the third target engine rotational speed calculation unit  300  which calculates a third target engine rotational speed of the engine  10  based on a torque of the pump  30 , and the engine speed calculation units  500  and  600 . 
         [0031]    Here, in describing the engine speed calculation units  500  and  600  in detail, the minimum value calculation unit  600  compares a calculation value of the first target engine rotational speed calculated by the first target engine rotational speed calculation unit  100  with a calculation value of the second target engine rotational speed calculated by the second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200 , and determines a minimum value as a final target engine rotational speed. 
         [0032]    In the meantime, investigating an example, in which the third target engine rotational speed is considered, the maximum value calculation unit  500  compares a calculation value of the second target engine rotational speed calculated by the second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200  with a calculation value of the third target engine rotational speed calculated by the third target engine rotational speed calculation unit  300  and calculates a maximum value. Further, the minimum value calculation unit  600  may compare a calculation value of the first target engine rotational speed calculated by the first target engine rotational speed calculation unit  100  and the maximum value calculated by the maximum value calculation unit  500 , and determine a minimum value as a final target engine rotational speed. 
         [0033]    That is, for a target engine rotational speed of the torque of the pump, the present disclosure may set a minimum rotational speed for a target output quantity of a power generator as a lower limit value, and set the target rotational speed determined based on the dial input and the mode input in the related art as an upper limit value, through the minimum value calculation unit  600  and the maximum value calculation unit  500 , thereby calculating a final target engine rotational speed. 
         [0034]    In the meantime, a PID controller  400  is provided at an input terminal of the second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200 , so that a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor  20  is calculated based on the voltage and a target voltage of the energy storage device  60 . 
         [0035]    Here, the target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor  20  for charging the energy storage device  60  in the hybrid construction machinery of  FIG. 1  is for the purpose of compensating for a difference between a target voltage of the energy storage device  60  and an actual voltage of the energy storage device  60 , and in order to output a target power generation amount of the auxiliary motor  20 , the rotational speed of the engine needs to be maintained larger than a minimum rotational speed determined based on Equation 1 below. 
         [0000]    
       
         
           
             
               
                 
                   
                     Minimum 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     rotational 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     speed 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     of 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     engine 
                   
                   = 
                   
                     
                       Target 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       output 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       of 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       engine 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       auxilairy 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       motor 
                     
                     
                       Rated 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       torque 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       of 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       engine 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       auxiliary 
                        
                       
                           
                       
                        
                       motor 
                     
                   
                 
               
               
                 
                   [ 
                   
                     Equation 
                      
                     
                         
                     
                      
                     1 
                   
                   ] 
                 
               
             
           
         
       
     
         [0036]    A process of operating the engine control device of the present disclosure according to the above configuration will be described. 
         [0037]    First, the first target engine rotational speed calculation unit  100  calculates a first target engine rotational speed based on a dial input value and a driving mode input value (for example, a power (P) mode, a standard (S) mode, and an economy (E) mode) for the rotational speed of the engine input by a user. 
         [0038]    The PID controller  400  is provided to calculate a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor  20  based on a voltage and a target voltage of the energy storage device  60 , and then transmits the calculated target power generation amount to the input terminal of the second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200 . 
         [0039]    The second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200  calculates a second target engine rotational speed based on a value of the target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor  20  received from the PID controller  400 . 
         [0040]    The third target engine rotational speed calculation unit  300  calculates a third target engine rotational speed of the engine  10  based on a torque of the pump  30 . 
         [0041]    In a case in which the third target engine rotational speed is considered, the maximum value calculation unit  500  calculates a maximum value between the calculation value of the second target engine rotational speed calculation unit  200  and the calculation value of the third target engine rotational speed calculation unit  300 . 
         [0042]    Next, the minimum value calculation unit  600  calculates a minimum value between the calculation value of the first target engine rotational speed calculation unit  100  and the calculation value of the maximum value calculation unit  500 , and then determines the calculation value of the minimum value calculation unit  600  as a final target engine rotational speed. 
         [0043]    In the meantime, as illustrated in  FIG. 4 , when calculating a target rotational speed of the engine  10  based on the torque of the pump  30 , the third target engine rotational speed calculation unit  300  calculates a target rotational speed of the engine based on a diagram of a target engine rotational speed to a torque of the pump of  FIG. 4  so that the rotational speed of the engine is decreased during low load work based on torque information obtained by calculating a size of a load applied to the engine based on a pump pressure and a swivel angle. Construction equipment, such as construction machinery, has a large variation width of a torque of a pump and a large variation speed, so that when a target rotational speed of the engine is changed according to a load, there is a problem in that the rotational speed of the engine is hunted. 
         [0044]    In order to solve the program, noise and vibration generated by the hunting of the rotational speed of the engine may be prevented by applying a hysteresis at a time point, at which a torque of the pump is changed from a low load to a high load and from a high load to a low load as illustrated in  FIG. 4 . That is, the third target engine rotational speed calculation unit  300  applies the hysteresis to a relationship between the torque of the pump and the target rotational speed of the engine by setting the torque of the pump at a time point, at which the target rotational speed of the engine increases to be larger than the torque of the pump at a time point, at which the target rotational speed of the engine decreases. 
         [0045]    In the meantime, when the torque of the pump sharply increases from a low load to a high load, so that a sharp increase of the rotational speed of the engine is demanded, the engine auxiliary motor performs a motoring operation to make the rotational speed of the engine be rapidly returned. 
         [0046]    For the target engine rotational speed according to the pump torque, a minimum rotational speed for a target output mount of the power generator is set as a lower limit value, and a target rotational speed determined based on the dial input and the mode input in the related art is set as an upper limit value, thereby calculating a final rotational speed of the engine. 
         [0047]      FIG. 5  is a comparison diagram to which a method of controlling the rotational speed of the engine in the related art and a method of controlling the rotational speed of the engine according to the present disclosure are applied. 
         [0048]    In a method of controlling the rotational speed of an engine in the related art, when a dial input value is uniform, a speed of the engine is uniformly maintained regardless of a load. 
         [0049]    By contrast, when a method of controlling an engine of hybrid construction machinery is applied, even though a dial input value is uniform, a target rotational speed of the engine is increased or decreased according to a size of a torque of the pump related to the load. That is, when the size of the torque of the pump is increased, a target rotational speed of the engine is increased, and when the size of the torque of the pump is decreased, a target rotational speed of the engine is decreased. Further, a target rotational speed of the engine may be uniformly maintained according to a correlation rate between the dial input value and the size of the torque of the pump. 
         [0050]    Further, as illustrated in  FIG. 5 , it can be seen that when a target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor  20  is generated, a target rotational speed of the engine is decreased by the generated target power generation amount of the engine auxiliary motor  20 . 
         [0051]    From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. The exemplary embodiments disclosed in the specification of the present disclosure will not limit the present disclosure. The scope of the present disclosure shall be construed on the basis of the following claims, and it shall be construed that all of the technical ideas included within the scope equivalent to the claims belong to the present disclosure.