Abstract:
A method of providing information on the back side of a developed photographic medium having an image carrying layer on the front side. The method comprises machine reading code on the developed imaging carrying layer on the front side of the photographic medium. In the method, information is printed on the back side of the developed photographic medium with a printer, based on the machine read code. An apparatus, which can execute a method of the invention, for providing information on a back side of a developed photographic medium having an image carrying layer on the front side, has a reader to read machine readable code in the developed imaging carrying layer on the front side of the photographic medium. The apparatus further has a printer communicating with the reader so as to print information on the back side of the developed photographic medium based on the machine read code. The method may include printing and developing the photographic medium.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention relates to photofinishing, and in particular to a system method for backprinting information on a photographic media. 
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
     In photofinishing, a customer typically delivers one or more rolls of exposed photographic film to a photofinisher, and requests prints (which may be made on a transparent media but are usually on a reflective media such as paper). The film is first developed, if not already developed, and prints are formed by either optically (e.g. with an optical enlarger) or digitally printing at a printing gate of a printer onto a photosensitive medium in the form of a sheet or continuous web. In digital printing, the images from the developed film are first scanned to obtain corresponding digital image signals, which following any desired digital image processing, may be printed onto the photosensitive medium using a suitable digital image printer, such as a laser printer, LED printer, or a CRT printer. The photosensitive medium is then developed (that is, chemically processed to yield a fixed image). Each customer order will typically include many prints. In the case where a photosensitive web is used for printing, multiple orders will have to be separated and typically multiple prints within each order will also have to be separated. Even when the printer uses individual sheets of photosensitive media for each order, at least some (and often, all) of the prints within an order will typically have to be separated from one another. 
     Prints are separated from one another by a cutter. The cutter has conventionally received its instructions from a code punched through the photosensitive media at or near the printing gate. After the photosensitive media carrying the printed images has been developed, this punch code is read and instructions provided to the cutter. The punched code is typically obliterated or cut off during the cutting step if the photofinisher cuts the prints, or cut off by the customer at a later time since, in either event a customer often only wishes to see images without borders. Such a system is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,506,824, this system allowing cutting of prints on lines both across and along the direction of the web. Thus, many different sized prints can be accommodated across the width of the photosensitive web. 
     In the photofinishing operation, the final prints of an order must be kept together and matched with the corresponding customer film. One way of doing this is to print a code or human readable characters (such as alphanumeric characters) on the back side of each print or at least one of the prints in the customer order. Such back side printing can be done after the prints have been developed. This method would require some means of tracking the location of which prints belong with a particular customer film, so that any information unique to particular prints can be printed on the back side of the correct prints. However, customer films are usually batched on a single reel, and the reel is often moved between independent components (e.g. film developer and printer) in the photofinishing process. Further, the resulting prints are often in a batch (such as on a reel) which must also be moved between an independent printer, developer and cutter. Thus, keeping track of which prints belong to a given customer order or which film they are associated with, becomes a daunting task. The task of such tracking can be substantially reduced if the customer identification is printed on the back side of the print media (that is, the side opposite the photosensitive side). One way of accomplishing such back side printing is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,629,312. 
     In addition to printing information on the back side of the photosensitive medium which identifies the prints for later association with a corresponding customer film, it may also be desirable to print other information on the back side. Such information may include picture taking conditions (e.g. date, lighting used, and the like), as well as advertising for the photofinishing outlet or others. However, printing any information on the back side of an undeveloped photosensitive media can create problems. In particular, the ink used often does not completely withstand the chemical development steps. This not only leads to loss of resolution of the printed matter, but can lead to contamination of the photoprocessing chemicals by ink or its reaction products which are leached from the photosensitive media during chemical developing. Furthermore, as developed web is rolled back onto a reel, or in the case of individual photosensitive sheets, as the developed sheets are stacked one on top of the other, the back side of one print is pressed against the emulsion carrying side (which now carries the developed image) on the front side. This can result in transfer of ink from the back side to the front side, particularly since the emulsion may still have a high water content at this point. 
     It would be desirable then, to provide some way of enabling printing on the back side of a photographic print, which does not result in the possibility of introducing printing inks into the chemical developing process, which reduces the possibility of ink transfer from the back side onto an incompletely dry image carrying emulsion, and which does not require complex means of tracking particular prints or customer orders between the image printing station, the developer, and the cutter. 
     SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
     The present invention then provides, in one aspect, a method of providing information on the back side of a developed photographic medium having an image carrying layer on the front side. The method comprises machine reading code on the developed imaging carrying layer on the front side of the photographic medium. In the method, information is printed on the back side of the developed photographic medium with a printer, based on the machine readable code. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, a method of providing information on a back side of a photographic medium having a photosensitive layer on a front side, comprises the following steps. A modulated light source writes a photographic image on the photosensitive layer. A modulated light source (which may be the same or different from the image writing modulated light source) writes machine readable code on the photosensitive layer. The photographic medium is then developed (that is, chemically processed to yield a fixed image). The code on the front side of the developed photographic medium is machine read. Information is printed on the back side of the developed photographic medium with a printer, based on the machine read code. This includes the printed information being, or being derived using, part or all of the machine read code from the front side of the developed photographic medium. 
     The photographic medium may be one or more independent photographic sheets, or a continuous web of photographic material. One or more images may be written on the photographic medium as a customer order. These images may be the same or different and may be arranged in any configuration, including multiple images transversely across the sheet between two opposite side edges. The information printed on the back side may be printed in one location for a given customer order of one or more images, or may be printed opposite each of the developed photographic images (that is, so the back side of one or more of the developed images carries printed information). Such information may be based at least in part on a single machine readable code segment. Alternatively, multiple separate code segments may be written on the photosensitive layer as separate code segments which are positioned adjacent respective photographic images. With multiple code segments, the information written on the back side of each developed image may be based on an information segment adjacent each image. 
     The present invention also provides an apparatus which, in one or more aspects, can execute one or more methods of the present invention. In one aspect, the apparatus is for providing information on a back side of a developed photographic medium having an image carrying layer on the front side. Such an apparatus comprises a reader to read machine readable code in the developed imaging carrying layer on the front side of the photographic medium. The apparatus further comprises a printer communicating with the reader so as to print information on the back side of the developed photographic medium based on the machine read code. 
     In another aspect of the present invention, there is provided an apparatus for providing information on a back side of a photographic medium having a photosensitive layer on a front side. This apparatus includes a modulated light source to write a photographic image on the photosensitive layer. A modulated light source (which may be the same or different from the image writing light source) is provided to write machine readable code on the photosensitive layer. A developer chemically develops the photographic medium. Additionally, a reader is provided to read the machine readable code on the front side of the developed photographic medium. A printer communicates with the reader so as to print information on the back side of the developed photographic medium based on the machine read code. 
     The method and apparatus of the present invention, provides a way by which printing on the back side of a photographic print can readily be accomplished. This printing does not result in introducing printing inks into the chemical developing process since no printing ink is applied until after the photographic medium is developed. Further, when the back side printing is applied (near the cutter position), the developed medium will be drier than when the photographic medium has just passed through the developer. This maintains low possibility of ink transfer from the back side onto the image carried by the photographic emulsion. Furthermore, since the code carrying the necessary information can be printed near the prints of a given customer order, it is still associated with those prints immediately before cutting. This means that the information which might be desired to be printed on the back side of images, such as information which may be unique to a particular customer order or particular prints (for example, customer identification, picture taking conditions, and the like), is still associated with those prints immediately before the backprinting. Therefore, complex means of tracking the location of particular prints which might be associated with disembodied unique information, is not required. 
    
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS 
     Embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the drawings, in which: 
     FIG. 1 illustrates a method and an apparatus of the present invention; 
     FIG. 2 is a view from a front side of a developed photographic medium produced by the method and apparatus of FIG. 1, bearing a single customer order, showing both the images and machine readable code; 
     FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 but in which the machine readable code is written as code segments and in which human readable characters have also been written; 
     FIG. 4 illustrates part of the back side of the medium of FIG. 3; and 
     FIG. 5 is a complete back side view of the medium of FIG.  3 . 
    
    
     Where possible, the same reference numerals have been used to indicate like parts. 
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
     Referring to FIG. 1, the particular apparatus of the present invention shown is intended to be used with a continuous web  10  of a photographic medium. Web  10  has a front side carrying a photosensitive layer, and an opposite back side  18 , as well as two parallel straight line edges  12 ,  14 . The web also has a base, one side of the base defining the back side  18  of web  10 . The base may be either transparent (when transparent prints are desired) or reflective (for example, paper). The photosensitive layer be any suitable layer and include one or more sub-layers. For example, the layer may be one or more sub-layers of a light sensitive silver halide in gelatin emulsion. When web  10  is a full color photographic paper or film, the photosensitive layer will typically include three layers each carrying silver halide emulsions sensitized to respective red, green and blue spectral regions, as well as respective color couplers which produce respective image dyes (such as cyan, magenta, and yellow) upon development to yield a fixed image. 
     The apparatus includes a modulated light source in the form of an image and code writer  30 . Image and code writer  30  may be any suitable modulated light source such as one or more lasers, a Cathode Ray Tube (“CRT”) printer, a Light Emitting Diode (“LED”) printer, under the control of a suitable processor which has access to a memory device holding multiple digital image signals corresponding to images to be written onto photographic web  10 . A driver, such as a drive motor  23  is provided to move web  10  from a dispensing reel  20  to a take up reel  22  as the images are exposed on the front side  16  of web  10 . The apparatus also includes at the same location (that is, generally within the same building or room), a developer  40 . Developer  40  includes all the necessary components and chemistry as required to chemically develop latent images on exposed web  10 . A suitable driver (not shown), which includes one or more motors and or rollers, is also present to move the web from reel  22  to another reel  24 . 
     A portion of the apparatus shown in the lower left hand corner of FIG. 1 can be considered an apparatus of the present invention by itself, or as part of an apparatus of the present invention which includes the remainder of the components of FIG.  1 . This portion includes a reader  50 , such as a bar code reader, to read machine readable codes which might occur at most positions across (that is, in a direction between edges  12 ,  14 ) web  10  in the developed photosensitive layer (now an image carrying layer). That is, reader  50  will detect codes anywhere across most of the width of web  10 . The codes may, for example, be any form of suitable machine readable code, such as a bar code, a series of dots and/or dashes, or human readable characters which can be recognized using optical character recognition, or any combination of the foregoing. A printer  55 , such as a thermal, inkjet or impact printer, is positioned to print information on the back side  18  of the developed photographic web  10 . An image cutter  54 , has one or more blades and can cut web  10  along one or more lines parallel with edges  12 ,  14  or transverse to edges  12 ,  14 , in a known manner. A driver in the form of a plurality of rollers  56  and connected drive motors  58  moves the web in a first direction (the direction of arrow  57 ) from reel  24 . A processor  59  communicates with the reader  50 , printer  55  and cutter  54 . 
     Processor  59  may be any multipurpose processor suitably programmed to carry out all functions required of it, or may be an equivalent hardware or hardware and software combination. Processor  59  may include any suitable memory device for storing programs and/or required data. Processor  59  can instruct the printer  55  on the location on the back side  18  at which printer  55  is to print, by controlling the location of a print head in printer  55 . These instructions can be received from the machine readable code read by reader  50 . Furthermore, processor  59  can control cutter  54  to separate developed images at locations which are based on cutting instructions contained within the code read by reader  50 . Alternatively, the positions at which printer  55  prints, and cutter  54  cuts, can be predetermined based simply on the location of a code read by reader  50 . This latter arrangement can be used when it is known that each customer order will consist of the same number and relative locations of prints. 
     In operation, web  10  is driven from reel  20  to reel  22  by driver  23 . At appropriate positions, image and code writer  30  will write both images from multiple customer orders using corresponding retrieved digital image signals, as well as machine readable codes as determined under the control of a suitably programmed processor (not shown) or equivalent hardware and/or software. The images and codes will be written as latent images. It should be noted that writer  30  can also write human readable characters (such as alphanumeric characters) as determined by the processor. When reel  22  is full, it is transferred to the developer. Here reel  22  will act as the supply reel while another reel  24  acts as the take up reel. The photographic web  10  is then driven through developer  40  to chemically develop all latent images and yield the written images and codes as viewable images or code images, respectively, within the now developed photosensitive layer (which is no longer photosensitive but is an image dye carrying gelatin layer referenced as an image carrying layer). When all of web  10  has been developed, it is transferred on reel  24  for reading, back printing and cutting. Web  10  is driven by the driver from reel  24 , past code reader  50 , back printer  55  and through cutter  54 . Code reader  50  reads machine readable bar codes on the front side of web  10  as web  10  passes by. These codes are communicated to processor  59  which causes printer  55  to print on the back side  18  of web  10 . 
     Printer  55  prints information at locations and/or of a content which is at least in part determined by the codes read by reader  50 . The printed information will typically include human and/or machine readable information such as a unique identification of the prints or order, or picture taking conditions, and the like. As previously mentioned, cutter  54  cuts web  10  under control of processor  59  which control may be based in whole or in part upon instructions obtained from read codes. The resulting cut prints  60  can be packaged and delivered to the customer (usually along with the corresponding film from which the images were previously scanned). 
     FIG. 2 illustrates a portion of the front side of web  10  as it might typically appear as it leaves reel  24  to pass by reader  50 . For example, the single customer order shown might include a first set of images  62  and a second set of images  70  each extending in a direction transversely between edges  12 ,  14 . Any of images  62  and  70  may be the same or different, and the single same figure appearing in each is for illustrative purposes only. A line  64  and a line  78  define this order between them. Lines  66  separate images  62  while lines  72  separate images  68 . A machine readable bar code  80  has been printed in a space between lines  69  and  78 . All of the foregoing lines may be visible, for example, they may be lines on which nothing has been printed, or edges between printed and non-printed regions, or they may be simply the locations at which one image ends and another begins. The single bar code  80  in this case may contain printer instructions on what information is to be printed on the back side  18  (for example, human and/or machine readable information), as well as the location on the back side for such printing (for example, print behind each image  62 ,  70 ). Bar code  80  may also contain instructions for cutter  54  (e.g. cut along the locations defined by each of lines  76 ,  66 ,  68 ,  72 ,  69 ,  70 ). This not only separates the images  62 ,  78  from one another, but also separates a strip of the web  10  (defined by edges  12 ,  14  and lines  69 ,  78 ) carrying the bar code  80  (which is then typically discarded) from the remainder of the web  10 . Alternatively, bar code  80  may only instruct cutter  54  to cut only along lines  64 ,  78  to provide the resulting cut sheet to the customer without further cutting. This is sometimes done in the case of professional prints where a single sheet carrying multiple copies of one or more images (such as wallet sized images) are provided to the customer along with a number of larger, individually cut images. 
     It will be appreciated though that in FIG. 2 (or in FIG. 3 discussed below), that the customer order carrying the images  62 ,  70  and bar code  80 , could have been printed by printer  30  in an arrangement rotated ninety degrees about its center relative to the position shown in the drawings. That is, the sets of images  62  and  70  would extend in a direction along web  10  (rather than across web  10 , as shown in FIGS.  2  and  3 ), and lines  76 ,  80  would in fact be edges  12 ,  14 , respectively, or edges  14 ,  12  respectively. 
     Referring to FIG. 3, is similar to FIG. 3 but illustrates a different bar code arrangement. In FIG. 3, the machine readable code has been printed by writer  30  as separate (that is, spaced apart) code segments  82 ,  84 . Code segment  82  may contain similar instructions as code  80 , or only cutting instructions (including instructions to additionally cut along lines  86 ,  88 ) as well as information which is to be printed on the back side  18  opposite only images  70  or information which is to be printed opposite images  62  and  70 . Code segment  82  may further instruct processor  59  to confirm that code segments  84  are also read. Each code segment  84  may further contain information specific for the each image  62  which is adjacent to it, which information is to be printed on the back side  18  at positions opposite respective images  62 . For example, such image specific information may include picture taking conditions for each image when images  62  are different images. 
     In the configuration shown in FIG. 3, writer  30  has also written human readable alphanumeric characters  89  on web  10 , in the form of a unique customer identification. Such a unique identification on the front side of web  10  facilitates ready human identification of a particular customer order while viewing the images  62 ,  70  (for example, for quality) without having to turn over web  10  and view printed information on the back side  18 . This can be particularly helpful where the cutter  54  is instructed to cut only along lines  76 ,  78  and the resulting assemblage delivered to the customer, as described above. Note that the machine readable code segment  82  and human readable characters  89  are spaced apart along a line orthogonal (at ninety degrees to) the edges  12 ,  14 . Also the plurality of code segments  84  also spaced apart from one another along a line orthogonal to side edges  12 ,  14  (although they could be spaced apart along a line parallel with edges  12 ,  14  where the customer order is printed in a position rotated ninety degrees from that shown in FIG. 3, as discussed above). These arrangements facilitate separating the web  10  segment carrying the code segment  82  and human readable characters  89  (defined between lines  74 ,  78 ), and separating the web segment carrying the code segments  84  (defined between lines  86 ,  88 ), from the remainder of the web  10  during cutting since only two cuts are required to separate each such web segment. 
     FIG. 4 illustrates an assemblage from FIG. 3 wherein cutter  54  has been instructed to cut only along lines  76 ,  78 . The human readable information  90  in the form of alphanumeric characters (although characters of other languages can, of course, be used), is printed on the back side  18  of web  10 , opposite each of images based on instructions provided by one or more of code segments  82 ,  84 . However, the information printed on the back side may alternatively be, or additionally include, machine readable code which may not be human readable. The particular printed information shown may be the same advertisement on back side  18  opposite each image  62 ,  70  but other information (such as discussed above) which may or may not be unique to each image and/or a customer may be printed instead, or in addition to, such same information. FIG. 5 more clearly illustrates the arrangement of information  90  on back side  18  of developed and cut web  10 , the cut web portion shown being flipped over as shown in FIG. 5 to view back side  18 . 
     The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to certain preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention. 
     
       
         
               
             
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 PARTS LIST 
               
             
          
           
               
                   
                 10 
                 Web 
               
               
                   
                 12, 14 
                 Edges 
               
               
                   
                 16 
                 Front side 
               
               
                   
                 18 
                 Back side 
               
               
                   
                 20 
                 Reel 
               
               
                   
                 22 
                 Reel 
               
               
                   
                 23 
                 Drive motor 
               
               
                   
                 24 
                 Reel 
               
               
                   
                 30 
                 Code writer 
               
               
                   
                 40 
                 Developer 
               
               
                   
                 50 
                 Reader 
               
               
                   
                 54 
                 Image cutter 
               
               
                   
                 55 
                 Painter 
               
               
                   
                 56 
                 Rollers 
               
               
                   
                 57 
                 Arrows 
               
               
                   
                 58 
                 Drive motors 
               
               
                   
                 59 
                 Processor 
               
               
                   
                 60 
                 Prints 
               
               
                   
                 62,68,70 
                 Images 
               
               
                   
                 64,66,69,72,76,78, 86, 88 
                 Lines 
               
               
                   
                 80 
                 Bar code 
               
               
                   
                 82, 84 
                 Code segments 
               
               
                   
                 89, 90 
                 Human readable characters