Abstract:
A novel plant created as an interspecific hybrid of the genus  Jatropha  designated as Nandan-4 is disclosed. The plant was created by the hybridization of the uncultivated  Jatropha gossypifolia  with the cultivated  Jatropha curcas  species. The new interspecific hybrid plant thus invented is found to have unique traits that differed from either parent. This invention relates to the  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 plant, the plants generated by any means from a plant part selected from the group consisting of leaves, pollen, embryos, cotyledons, hypocotyls, meristematic cells, roots, root tips, pistils, anthers, flowers, inflorescence, and stems from Nandan-4.

Description:
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present investigation relates to a new and distinctive  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid designated as Nandan-4. More particularly, it concerns interspecific hybrid plants derived from the cross of  Jatropha gossypifolia  with  Jatropha curcas  species with functional gynoecium. All publications cited in this application are herein incorporated by reference. 
       BACKGROUND AND PRIOR ART 
       [0002]    In India, the tree species considered for biodiesel production are those that are not used as edible oil, which do not complete with food crops for resources and not used in traditional medicine. Among the oil borne tree species,  Jatropha curcas  is considered to be the most prospective plant due to its hardiness, rapid growth, easy propagation, drought endurance, high oil content, low gestation period and ability to grow on degraded soils and waste lands with low to high rainfall. 
         [0003]    Breeding objectives depend on use of the specific crop; increasing yield is a primary objective in all programs. Numerous steps are involved in the development of any novel, desirable cultivar. Hybridization program begins with the analysis and definition of problems and weakness of the current cultivars, followed by the fixation of program goals, and the definition of specific breeding objectives. The next step is selection of parental lines that posse the traits, required to meet the program goals. The goal is to combine in a single cultivar an improved combination, of desirable traits from the parental sources. These important traits may include higher yield, resistance to disease and insect pests, better canopy structure, production of dwarf plants, tolerance to environmental stress, better agronomic characteristics and higher oil content in oil bearing plants. 
         [0004]    The goal of  Jatropha  interspecific hybridization is to develop new, unique and superior interspecific hybrids with higher yield, resistance to disease and insect pests, better canopy structure, production of dwarf plants, tolerance to environmental stress, better agronomic characteristics with synchronous flowering and higher oil content. The breeder initially selects and crosses two species of interest, followed by selection among the many new genetic combinations. The breeder can theoretically generate billions of new and different genetic combinations via crossing. The breeder has no direct control at the cellular level; therefore, two breeders will never develop the same line, or even very similar line, having the similar traits of  Jatropha curcas  and  J. gossypifolia.    
         [0005]    As  Jatropha curcas  is a cross-pollinated crop, the existence of male sterile cultivars would facilitate crossings. Emasculation was not necessary for hybridization in the insect-free greenhouse due to absence of insect vectors and the time lag of anthesis of staminate flowers. The standard routine of bagging should be sufficient in the field. However, to avoid self-pollination if staminate and pistillate flowers were to open simultaneously emasculation could be required as  Jatropha curcas  is self-compatible and this can be achieved very easily as staminate and pistillate flowers look very distinct. 
         [0006]    A similar hybrid was found naturally; refer to the paper titled “ Jatropha tanjorensis  Ellis &amp; Saroja, a natural interspecific hybrid occurring in Tamil nadu, India”—by A. J. Prabhakaran &amp; M. Sujatha. (Published in  Genetic Resources and Crop Evaluation  46: 213-218, 1999 . c  1999  Kluwer Academic Publishers. Printed in the Netherlands .), but that does not resemble the present invention, Nandan-4, which has functional gynoecium. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0007]    The invention provides an interspecific hybrid  Jatropha  plant or part thereof derived from the cross of  Jatropha gossypifolia  as female parent and  Jatropha curcas  as pollen parent. Further provided by the invention are any parts of the interspecific hybrid plant, including a flower, branch cutting, pollen, ovule or any other plant, including a single cell or collection of cells of such a plant. Still further, provided by the invention is an interspecific hybrid  Jatropha  plant or part thereof clonally propagated from such a plant i.e. any generation of a  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid plant clonally derived from a plant provided by the present invention. The invention also provides a plant or any part thereof produced by crossing a  Jatropha gossypifolia  plant to a  Jatropha curcas  plant, including any clonal propagation thereof. 
         [0008]    In addition, the invention provides a process of preparing an interspecific hybrid  Jatropha  plant or part thereof comprising the steps of, obtaining a cutting of interspecific hybrid  Jatropha  Nandan-4. Accordingly, any derivatives of a plant derived from the Nandan-4 are specifically within the scope of the invention. As such, those of skill in the art will recognize that once a  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid plant is prepared from Nandan-4, it may be propagated for a potentially unlimited number of generations. Each plant produced by such a process for the propagation additionally from a part of the present invention 
         [0009]    The invention also relates to the hybrid plants and any further progeny or descendants of the hybrid derived by crossing Nandan-4 as a pollen donor. The invention is directed to procedures for producing a  Jatropha  plant by crossing  J. gossypifolia  or  J. curcas  as female parent and Nandan-4 as male parent or vice-versa. The procedures using the interspecific hybrid  Jatropha  plant Nandan-4 in backcross, hybrid production, crosses to population, clonal propagation, micropropagation and the like are part of this invention. All plants which are a progeny of or descend from Nandan-4 are within the scope of this invention. This is an invention for interspecific  Jatropha  hybrid Nandan-4 to be used in crosses with other, different,  Jatropha  plants to produce first filial generation  Jatropha  hybrid seeds and plants 
         [0010]    The present invention also provides regenerable cells for use in tissue culture of Nandan-4. The tissue culture will preferably be capable of regenerating plants having the physiological and morphological characteristics of the foregoing  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid plant, and of regenerating plants having substantially the same genotype as the foregoing  Jatropha curcas  plant. Preferably, the regeneration cells in such tissue cultures will be embryos, protoplasts, meristematic cells, callus, pollen, leaves, anthers, pistils, root tips, seeds or stems. 
       DEFINITION 
       [0011]    In the description and tables which follow, a number of terms are used. In order to provide a clear and consistent understanding of the specification and claims, including the scope to be given such terms, the following definitions are provided: 
         [0012]    A plant having essentially all the physiological and morphological characteristics mean a plant having the physiological and morphological characteristics of the cultivar, except for the characteristics derived from the hybridization 
         [0013]    Tissue culture: It indicates a composition comprising isolated cells of the same or a different type or a collection of such cells organized into parts of a plant. Exemplary types of tissue cultures are protoplasts, calli, plant meristems, and plant cells that can generate tissue culture that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as embryos, pollen flowers seeds, inflorescences, leaves, stems, roots, root tips, anthers, and the like.
       Regeneration. Regeneration refers to the development of a plant from tissue culture.       
 
         [0015]    Clonal propagation: It is meant any generation of a plant clonally propagated or derived from a plant. Such clonal propagation may be carried out, for example, by taking a cutting of a plant and cultivating the cutting such that it produces roots. The rooted cutting may then be grown as a new plant which is a clone of the starting plant. Clonal propagation may be carried out an essentially unlimited number of times to produce great numbers of clonally propagated plants, each of which is exactly identical to the starting plant from which the cutting is taken. 
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    The invention provides a novel interspecific  Jatropha  hybrid Nandan-4 plant with unique characteristics like higher internodal length, distantly serrated leaves with pigmented petiole and presence of both male and hermaphrodite light green with pale pink tinged flowers but no female flowers with stamens sometimes expressing polymorphism and fertile gynoecium. Nandan-4 resistant to pest and diseases of  Jatropha curcas  and more tolerant to environmental stresses especially draught. 
         [0017]    The invention involves procedures for creating plants with novel characteristics. In particular, one embodiment of the invention relates to the surprising discovery that the presence of hermaphrodite flowers along with only the male flowers in the interspecific hybrid Nandan-4. 
         [0018]    It is produced from interspecific hybridization between two species of  Jatropha  where  Jatropha gossypifolia  is the female parent and  Jatropha curcas  is the pollen parent. The resulting F 1  plant is designated as Nandan-4. The interspecific hybrid showed its unique characters than both the parents, as described in the following hybrid description information. 
         [0019]    This invention also directs to the procedures for producing a  Jatropha  inter or intraspecific hybrid by crossing a first parent  Jatropha gossypifolia  plant with a second parent  Jatropha curcas  plant, or vice versa wherein the first or second parent plant is a  Jatropha  plant from the hybrid Nandan-4. Further, both first and second parent Jatropha plant may be from the hybrid Nandan-4. Therefore, any procedures using the interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 are part of this invention: selfing, backcross, hybrid breeding and crosses to populations. Any plants produced using  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 as a parent are within the scope of this invention. 
         [0020]    This invention also is directed to procedures for producing  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 with a second  Jatropha  plant and growing the progeny seed, and repeating the crossing and growing steps with the  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4-derived plant from 0 to 7 times. Thus, any such procedures using the  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 are part of this invention: selfing, backcrosses, hybrid production, crosses to populations, and the like. All plants produced using  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 as a parent are within the scope of this invention, including plants derived from  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4. 
         [0021]    It should be understood that the parents of interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 can, through routine manipulation of cytoplasmic or other factors, be produced in a male-sterile form. Such embodiments are also contemplated within the scope of the present claims. 
         [0022]    Identification of the Marker Molecular Characterization of Nandan-4 
       Plant Material 
       [0023]    Attempts were made to develop diagnostic molecular markers for the high yielding hybrid Nandan-4. For this purpose, molecular analysis of the hybrid Nandan-4 was carried out with 9 more diverse  Jatropha curcas  lines that exhibited variability in seed characters (large versus small), maturity pattern (extended flowering versus synchronous maturity), leaf size (small versus medium) and yield (high vs low). 
       DNA Extraction 
       [0024]    Total genomic DNA was extracted from younger leaves of the hybrid (Nandan-4) following the standard CTAB process with minor modifications (Doyle and Doyle 1987). Five grams of leaves were ground in liquid nitrogen, then homogenized in 20 ml of extraction buffer (2% CTAB, 20 mM EDTA, 2% PVP, 1.4 M NaCl, 100 mM Tris-HCl pH 8.0 and 1% β-mercaptoethanol) and incubated at 65° C. for 1 h. The supernatant was treated with RNase A (100 μg/ml), incubated at 37° C. for 30 min and twice extracted with chloroform: isoamylalcohol (24:1 v/v). The DNA was precipitated with isopropanol and washed twice with 70% ethanol. The pelleted DNA was air dried and resuspended in 500 μl of sterile Millipore water and stored overnight at −20° C. 
       RAPD and PCR Analysis 
       [0025]    A total of 200 decamer primers from Operon kits—OPB to OPK (Operon technologies, Alameda, USA) were used for DNA amplification according to the process of Williams et al. (1990). The PCR amplification reaction (10 μl) consisted of 2.5 ng of DNA, 1×PCR buffer (10 mM Tris pH 9.0, 50 mM KCl, 1.5 mM MgCl 2 ), 100 μM of each of the four dNTPs, 0.4 μM of RAPD primer and 0.3 U of Taq DNA polymerase (Bangalore Genei, India). PCR amplifications were performed in an GeneAmp 9700 Thermal Cycler (Eppendorf) with an initial denaturation at 94° C. for 3 min followed by 45 cycles at 94° C. for 45 s, 36° C. for 30 s and 72° C. for 2 min with a final extension at 72° C. for 7 min. The PCR products were separated on 1.5% agarose gel in 1×TAE buffer by electrophoresis at 100 V for 3 h and visualized with ethidium bromide staining under gel documentation system. In general, RAPD markers suffer from a lack of reproducibility, but to check the consistency of the electrophoretic patterns and the polymorphism detected, every PCR reaction was repeated twice. All the PCR amplifications included a negative control (no DNA) to avoid erroneous interpretations. 
         [0026]    The 200 tested primers gave robust amplification profiles. The polymorphism detected and polymorphic bands were checked for accession specific bands. Only one marker was found specific to Nandan-4. 
         [0027]    Characterization using RAPD and ISSR primers confirms the hybridity. The gel pictures confirm the similarity of the material with  J. tanjorensis  and also the hybridity between  J. curcas  and  J. gossypifolia . The banding pattern of the material is exactly the same as that of  J. tanjorensis . Further, the distinction of the hybrid Nandan-4 has been accomplished through development of a molecular marker specific to the hybrid. The molecular marker&#39;s M13 Primer confirming Nandan-4. The inheritance of the markers were validated by checking it on progeny (20) resulting from this promising hybrid 
         [0028]    Further reproduction of the hybrid can occur by tissue culture and regeneration. Tissue culture of various tissues of  Jatropha  species and regeneration of plants there from is well known and widely published. For example, reference may be had to Lin et. al.,  Plant Physiol Commun  38: 252 (2002); Lu et. al.,  Environ. Biol.  9: 127 (2003); Sujatha et. al.,  Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult.  44: 135 (1996); and Wei Qin,  J. Plant Physiol. Mol. Bio.  30: 475 (2004). Thus, another aspect of this invention is to provide cells which upon growth and differentiation produce  Jatropha  plants having the physiological and morphological characteristics of  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4. 
         [0029]    As used herein, the term ‘plant’ includes plant cells, plant protoplasts, plant cells of tissue culture from which  Jatropha curcas  plants can be regenerated, plant calli, plant meristems, and plant cells that are intact in plants or parts of plants, such as pollen, flowers, embryos, ovules, seeds, inflorescence, leaves, stems, pistils, anthers and the like. Thus another aspect of this invention is to provide for cells which upon growth and differentiation produce a cultivar having essentially all of the physiological and morphological characteristics of Nandan-4. 
         [0030]    The utility of  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 also extends to crosses with other species. Commonly, suitable species will be of the family Euphorbiaceae, and especially of the genera  Jatropha    
         [0031]    This invention also is directed to procedures for producing a  Jatropha  inter or intraspecific hybrid by crossing a first parent  Jatropha gossypifolia  plant with a second parent  Jatropha curcas  plant, or vice versa wherein the first or second parent plant is a  Jatropha  plant from the hybrid Nandan-4. Further, both first and second parent  Jatropha  plant may be from the hybrid Nandan-4. Therefore, any processes using the interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 are part of this invention: selfing, backcross, hybrid breeding and crosses to populations. Any plants produced using  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 as a parent are within the scope of this invention: selfing, backcross, hybrid production, crosses to populations and the like. All plants produced using  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 as a parent are within the scope of this invention, including those developed from varieties derived from  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4. Advantageously, the  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid of the present invention could be used in crosses with other, different,  Jatropha  species to produce the first filial generation  Jatropha  hybrid seeds and plants with superior characteristics. Nandan-4 can also be used for transformation where exogenous genes are introduced and expressed by any of a number protocol known to these of skill in the art are intended to be within the scope of this invention. 
         [0032]    The following describes breeding procedures that may be used with interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 in the development of further  Jatropha  plants. One such embodiments is a procedure for developing an Nandan-4-derived progeny  Jatropha  plant in a breeding program comprising: obtaining the  Jatropha  plant, or a part thereof, of  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid plant Nandan-4, utilizing said plant or plant part as a source of breeding material and selecting an Nandan-4 progeny plant with molecular markers in common with Nandan-4 and/or with morphological and/or physiological characteristics selected from the characteristics listed in Table 1. Breeding steps that may be used in the  Jatropha  breeding program include pedigree breeding, mutation breeding, and recurrent selection. In conjugation with these steps, techniques such as RFLP-enhanced selection, genetic marker enhanced selection like SSR markers and the making of double haploids may be utilized. 
         [0033]    One of ordinary skill in the art of plant breeding would know how to evaluate the traits of two plant types to determine if there is no significant difference between the two traits expressed by those plant types. Thus the invention includes  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 progeny plants comprising a combination of at least two Nandan-4 traits. Using techniques described herein, molecular markers may be used to identify said progeny plant as a Nandan-4 progeny plant. Mean trait values may be used to determine whether trait difference are significant, and preferably the traits are measured on plants grown under the same environmental conditions. Once such a variety is developed its value is substantial since it is important to advance the germplasm base as a whole in order to maintain or improve traits such as yield, disease resistance, insect pest resistance, and plant performance in extreme environmental conditions. 
         [0034]    Progeny of  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 may also be characterized through their filial relationship with Nandan-4, as for example, being within a certain number of breeding crosses of Nandan-4. A breeding cross is a cross made to introduce new genetics into the progeny, and is distinguished from a cross, such as a self or a sib cross, made to select among existing genetic alleles. The lower the number of breeding crosses in the pedigree, the closer the relationship between Nandan-4 and its progeny. 
       Tables 
       [0035]    The following tables present data on the traits and characteristics of  Jatropha  interspecific hybrid Nandan-4 as compare to its parental lines  Jatropha gossypifolia  and  Jatropha curcas  as well as the natural interspecific hybrid  Jatropha tanjorensis  being  Jatropha curcas  as female and  Jatropha gossypifolia  as pollen parent. The results in Table 2 compare the distinctive morphological characters of Nandan-4 with its parents and  Jatropha tanjorensis . 
         [0000]    
       
         
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
               
             
               
               
             
           
               
                 TABLE 1 
               
               
                   
               
               
                 INTERSPECIFIC HYBRID DESCRIPTION INFORMATION 
               
               
                   
               
             
             
               
                 Plant morphological characters 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Plant height 
                 247 cm 
               
               
                 Basal girth 
                 17 cm 
               
               
                 Canopy diameter, across 
                 225 cm 
               
               
                 No. of primary branches 
                  6 
               
               
                 No. of secondary branches 
                 15 
               
               
                 No. of tertiary branches 
                 30 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Stem 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Stem 
                 Medium thick, stout 
               
               
                 Internodal length 
                 20 cm 
               
               
                 Branching pattern 
                 Divergent, Profuse 
               
               
                 Location of branches 
                 Basal 
               
               
                 Pigmentation 
                 Sparse 
               
               
                 Pubescence 
                 Present 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Leaf 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Size 
                 Medium to large 
               
               
                 Shape 
                 Palmate, 4-5 lobes 
               
               
                 Margins 
                 Distantly serrate 
               
               
                 Color 
                 Light to dark green, no pigmentation 
               
               
                 Petiole length 
                 10.6 cm 
               
               
                 Petiole color 
                 Reddish green 
               
               
                 Leaf aestivation 
                 Alternate 
               
               
                 Pubescence 
                 Present 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inflorescence and flowers 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inflorescence type 
                 Compact cymose with co-inflorescence 
               
               
                 Synchronism in flowering 
                 Present 
               
               
                 Female to male ratio 
                 1:5 
               
               
                 Flowers 
                 Male and hermaphrodite 
               
               
                 Flower color 
                 Light green with pale pink tinge 
               
               
                 Pollen 
                 Polymorphic 
               
               
                 Gynoecium 
                 Fertile 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Capsule and seed 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Capsule size 
                 Medium, triloculate with lobes 
               
               
                 Pedicel length 
                 1.52 cm 
               
               
                 Seed size 
                 Medium 
               
               
                 Seed coat color 
                 Black 
               
               
                 Shape class 
                 Long 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Disease resistance 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Powdery mildew 
                 Resistant 
               
               
                 ( Erysiphe euphorbiae ) 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Insect pest resistance 
               
             
          
           
               
                 Inflorescence &amp; capsule borer 
                 Resistant 
               
               
                 ( Pempelia morosalis ) 
               
               
                 Leaf miner ( Neurobathra   
                 Resistant 
               
               
                   curcassi  Busck.) 
               
               
                 Bugs ( Scutellera nobilis  Fabr.) 
                 Resistant 
               
               
                   
               
             
          
         
       
     
         [0000]    
       
         
               
               
               
               
               
             
               
               
               
               
               
             
           
               
                   
                 TABLE 2 
               
               
                   
                   
               
               
                   
                 
                   J. gossypifolia 
                 
                 Nandan-4 
                 
                   J. curcas 
                 
                 
                   J. tanjorensis 
                 
               
               
                   
                   
               
             
             
               
                   
               
             
          
           
               
                 Stem 
                 Medium thick 
                 Medium thick stout 
                 Thick stout stem with 
                 Medium thick stout 
               
               
                   
                 stout stem with 
                 stem with sparse 
                 bushy and profuse 
                 stem with sparse 
               
               
                   
                 bushy and profuse 
                 branching, more 
                 branching, no 
                 branching, sparse 
               
               
                   
                 branching, dense 
                 internodal length, 
                 pigmentation 
                 pigmentation 
               
               
                   
                 pigmentation, 
                 sparse pigmentation, 
               
               
                   
                 pubescence 
                 pubescence present 
               
               
                 Leaves 
                 Leaves alternate, 
                 Leaves alternate, 
                 Alternate, cordate, five 
                 Leaves alternate, 
               
               
                   
                 palmately lobed 
                 palmately five lobed, 
                 lobed, light green to dark 
                 palmately five 
               
               
                   
                 with 3-5 lobes, 
                 light green to dark 
                 green with no 
                 lobed, light green to 
               
               
                   
                 dark green with 
                 green with no 
                 pigmentation on either 
                 dark green with no 
               
               
                   
                 dense 
                 pigmentation except 
                 side except on very young 
                 pigmentation except 
               
               
                   
                 pigmentation, 
                 on very young leaves, 
                 leaves, long petiole 
                 on very young 
               
               
                   
                 margin serrate, 
                 margins distantly 
                   
                 leaves, margins 
               
               
                   
                 petiole with dense 
                 serrate, medium long 
                   
                 distantly serrate, 
               
               
                   
                 pigmentation and 
                 petiole with dense 
                   
                 long petiole with 
               
               
                   
                 glands 
                 reddish green 
                   
                 dense pigmentation 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pigmentation, 
               
               
                   
                   
                 pubescence present 
               
               
                 Inflorescence 
                 Cymose 
                 Cymose 
                 Cymose inflorescence 
                 Cymose 
               
               
                   
                 inflorescence with 
                 inflorescence with 
                 with distinct 
                 inflorescence with 
               
               
                   
                 coinflorescence 
                 coinflorescence 
                 cofloresecence 
                 coinflorescence 
               
               
                 Flowers 
                 Monoecious, 
                 Monoecious 
                 Unisexual, monoecious, 
                 Monoecious 
               
               
                   
                 unisexual, small 
                 unisexual and 
                 small yellowish green 
                 unisexual and 
               
               
                   
                 purple red 
                 hermaphrodite, 
                 flowers with 10 lemon 
                 bisexual, medium, 
               
               
                   
                 flowers, 6-8 
                 medium, sized green 
                 yellow stamens arranged 
                 sized green with 
               
               
                   
                 yellow stamens 
                 with pale pink tinged 
                 in a single layer, 
                 pale pink tinged 
               
               
                   
                 arranged in two 
                 flowers, 8 yellow 
                   
                 flowers, 8 yellow 
               
               
                   
                 whorls, 
                 stamens arranged in a 
                   
                 stamens arranged in 
               
               
                   
                   
                 single layer 
                   
                 a single layer, 
               
               
                 Carpel 
                 Purple 
                 Creamy 
                 Light greenish 
                 Creamy 
               
               
                 Pollen 
                 Highly fertile 
                 Highly sterile/fertile 
                 Highly fertile pollen 
                 Highly sterile pollen 
               
               
                 viability 
                 pollen 
                 pollen 
               
               
                 Fruits 
                 Small deeply 
                 Marginal size Fruit 
                 Large drupaceous fruits 
                 Marginal size Fruit 
               
               
                   
                 lobed capsule 
               
               
                 Seed 
                 Triloculate with 
                 Triloculate with 
                 Triloculate with bigger 
                 Triloculate with 
               
               
                   
                 small size 
                 medium size 
                 size 
                 medium size 
               
               
                 Gynoecium 
                 Fertile 
                 Fertile 
                 Fertile 
                 Sterile