Abstract:
Surgical puncture/incision wounds and/or medical/surgical equipment are vulnerable to contamination and/or infection and require labour intensive maintenance by regularly administering antibiotics and/or checking, cleaning and replacing dressings. The present invention obviates the problems associated with the prior art by providing an automated device that can be programmed to deliver to a wound and/or a piece of medical/surgical equipment, an agent to prevent or treat infections.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION 
       [0001]    The present invention provides devices which may be used to treat or prevent wound infections 
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 
       [0002]    The skin forms part of the innate immune system of humans and animals, it represents the first barrier against infection. Any breach of the skin is vulnerable to infection and, without proper dressing or treatment, may become contaminated with microorganisms. While wounds can occur as a consequence of an accident or trauma, surgical procedures often leave wounds which require careful maintenance in order that they heal and/or remain free of infection. 
         [0003]    Particularly problematic are surgical puncture or incision wounds which may be present for extended periods of time. For example, IV drips exploit needles inserted through the skin and into vessels—the needles may be left in situ for prolonged period of time. As a consequence, the resulting puncture wound is vulnerable to infection, not only from skin commensal microorganisms but from other pathogens present in the community. 
         [0004]    Wound maintenance is labour intensive and nurses must regularly administer antibiotics and/or check, clean and/or replace dressings. 
         [0000]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,620,424 (A) describes a device impregnated with or containing a supply of antiseptic agent, which device may be attached to a catheter to prevent infections at the catheter site. The device is passive and cannot be programmed to regularly dispense antiseptic agent, therefore it may perpetuate the problem of drug resistance in microorganisms. Furthermore, the location of the device on the surface of the treated skin obscures the visualisation of the wound. 
         [0005]    U.S. Pat. No. 4,834,711 (A) describes an appliance for use in insertion of a catheter (especially aimed for use with urinary-catheters); the appliance comprises a transparent shield to cover the area under treatment and a guide conduit through which a catheter may be thread. The device may be used to apply a disinfectant, lubricant or analgesic substance to a catheter as it is passed through the appliance. 
         [0006]    US2010256607 (A1) describes a sterilisation system for continuously or intermittently sterilising implanted prosthetics or catheters (externally and/or internally) by means of ultrasounds, radiation or a pumped drug. 
         [0007]    U.S. Pat. No. 5,338,308 (A) describes an assembly for prevention of catheter sepsis where the catheter is inserted through a skin surface. The assembly comprises a patch covering the area of the skin surface under treatment and an ancillary tube disposed between the patch and the skin with an inlet through which a needle can be inserted to apply an antiseptic agent. This assembly does not permit wound visualisation while in use wound visualisation. Moreover, the assembly cannot be releasably attached to different pieces of medical/surgical equipment not can the position of the assembly relative to the wound and/or catheter be changed. 
         [0008]    U.S. Pat. No. 3,981,299 describes a urethral catheter device having a tubular extension designed to permit the injection of antibiotics or anaesthetic onto the outer wall of the catheter. The present invention provides an auxiliary device which can be attached to any type of medical device including, for example, catheters and manipulated such that it delivers medicated fluids to both the puncture wound and/or the device. 
         [0009]    U.S. Pat. No. 6,432,100 describes a protective sleeve formed of a biocompatible polymer which protects percutaneous leads from infection. 
         [0010]    US2002078963 provides a cartridge for use on respiratory, lavage and gut/respiratory monitoring surgical equipment. Specifically, the document discloses that the cartridge may comprise an antimicrobial hydrogel which “wipes” the surgical instrument as it is inserted and retracted through the cartridge. The cartridge system described by US2002078963 is a passive system requiring movement of the surgical instrument to achieve the necessary “cleaning”. There is no disclosure of an automated and programmable fluid delivery mechanism to ensure constant and complete surface decontamination. 
         [0011]    US2003167050 describes a sponge like material comprising an anti-microbial fluid which can be places around a catheter to form an anti-microbial barrier. Since the anti-microbial fluid is consumed over time, the sponge has a finite shelf life and there is no disclosure of any system to continually apply fresh anti-microbial fluid to the sponge. 
         [0012]    Moreover, the sponge may occlude the wound site impairing wound visualisation and promoting further infection—particularly once the anti-microbial fluid has expired or dried and if the sponge is not promptly moved. 
         [0013]    US2008172011 provides catheters comprising water-soluble, antimicrobial agents in an outer layer of a sleeve. This is a passive system comprising a consumable antibiotic which is not automatically replaced. 
         [0014]    While the prior art has sought to provide solutions to these problems, many of the approaches are inconvenient due to complexity and occlusion of the wound site, encouraging further infection and preventing the medical staff from being able to follow the healing and/or development of the wound without having to remove, move or displace the equipment. 
         [0015]    The present invention seeks to obviate one or more of the problems associated with the prior art. 
       SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 
       [0016]    In a first aspect, the present invention provides an automated device for applying, delivering, discharging or dispensing an agent to a biological tissue and/or a wound. The device may be configured such that, in use, the device does not occlude, obscure or cover the wound. Moreover, in use, the device may permit wound visualisation such that the healing, development and/or infection status of the wound may be monitored without need to move, remove or displace the device. 
         [0017]    In use, the automated device of the first aspect of this invention may be used to ensure the regular application, delivery, discharge or dispensing of an agent to a biological tissue and/or a wound. 
         [0018]    The agent may comprise a powder or a fluid. Thus the agent may be described as a fluid (a fluid agent) 
         [0019]    The agent may comprise one or more components for preventing, suppressing or treating an infection, disease, condition or syndrome. The agent may comprise one or more components for decontaminating, cleaning or disinfecting a biological tissue or any type of surface. For example, the agent may comprise one or more of an antibiotic, an antiseptic, a disinfectant and/or a drug. 
         [0020]    Where the agent is a fluid, the fluid may be a medicated fluid. A medicated fluid may comprise one or components for preventing, suppressing or treating an infection, disease, condition or syndrome. 
         [0021]    As such, the present invention provides an automated device for applying a fluid or medicated fluid to a wound and/or a biological tissue, said device comprising a reservoir for storing said fluid or medicated fluid and means for automatically applying a volume of the fluid or medicated fluid to a wound and/or a biological tissue. 
         [0022]    It should be understood that hereinafter, all references to a “fluid” encompass medicated fluids of the type described above. 
         [0023]    The agent or fluid may further comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable diluent, excipient or carrier. 
         [0024]    The agent or fluid may comprise an antiseptic. 
         [0025]    The agent or fluid may comprise an antibiotic. For example, the agent or fluid may comprise an anti-bacterial, an anti-viral and/or an anti-fungal agent. 
         [0026]    The agent or fluid may comprise a disinfectant. 
         [0027]    The agent or fluid may comprise one or more of an antiseptic, an antibiotic and/or a disinfectant. 
         [0028]    Any of the agents or fluids described herein may further comprise one or more additional components such as one or more drugs or other therapeutic agents. For example, the agent or fluid may further comprise a chemotherapeutic agent, an antiinflammatory agent, an aesthetic or analgesic agent. 
         [0029]    A part (component) or parts of the automated device may be disposable or replaceable. Alternatively, the automated device may be disposable. 
         [0030]    The present invention may provide an automated device for applying a fluid to a wound and/or a biological tissue, said device comprising a reservoir for storing said fluid and means for automatically applying a volume of the fluid to a wound, wherein the fluid comprises an antiseptic. 
         [0031]    The term “wound” encompasses any type of flesh wound, such as, for example a skin or tissue wound. A skin or tissue wound may constitute a break in the skin or tissue. The wound may be an open wound or may be dressed. The wound may be present on a subject in a hospital or other type of care centre (for example a residential care home, local surgery or the like). The wound may have occurred as a consequence of an accident or may be a surgical wound. The term “surgical” wound encompasses any type of wound created by a surgical procedure and may include, for example puncture wounds, incision wounds or the like. A surgical wound may occur at a “surgical site”. The wound may be a puncture wound caused by or associated with, the insertion of a surgical device or object such as, for example a needle, tube, cannula or catheter into and through the skin or tissue of a subject. Wounds of the type described herein may comprise a surgical device or object (for example a needle, tube, cannula or catheter) in situ. A surgical wound may comprise an insertion site, a catheter insertion site or a catheterisation site. 
         [0032]    The term biological tissue may encompass any internal or external human or animal tissue including, for example, the skin, mucosal tissues, epithelial tissues, surfaces of the gut and the like. 
         [0033]    One of skill will appreciate that biological tissues and/or wounds—in particular skin and or tissue wounds, are vulnerable and/or susceptible to infection. For example, commensal skin microorganisms such as  Staphylococcus  and  Candida  species may contaminate and infect a tissue or a wound. Other microorganisms such as species belonging to the  Escherichia, Pseudomonas  and  Streptococcus  genera may also contaminate and infect tissues or wounds. Infection is a particular problem in surgery (bother major and minor surgery) where the skin barrier is breached through puncture or incision by needles, knives, tubes, cannula, catheters and the like. For example, the insertion of a needle into and through the skin may contaminate the wound with skin commensal organisms and other opportunistic pathogens which grow to form an infection. While the infection may be local and self-contained, it may spread to cause a septicaemia. 
         [0034]    In addition to finding application in the treatment and/or prevention of biological tissue and/or wound infections, the devices of this invention may be further used to decontaminate, clean and/or disinfect medical devices and/or equipment. The term “medical device/equipment” may embrace, for example surgical devices/instruments and/or tools such as, for example needles, catheters and/or cannula—indeed the term should embrace any device used to deliver a composition intravenously. One of skill will further appreciate that medical equipment—in particular catheters and the like, is susceptible to the formation of biofilms and contamination by microorganisms. Thus medical equipment also poses an infection risk especially when that equipment passes through the skin of a patient. For example, catheters, may, in use, become contaminated by commensal microorganisms; those commensal organisms may then grow on the surface of the catheter, occasionally forming a biofilm. In the most serious cases, microorganism on the surface of catheters can get into the blood stream of the patient increasing the risk of septicaemia. For convenience, the term “catheter” may be used in place of the terms “medical device” or “medical equipment”. 
         [0035]    Given that wounds and/or medical equipment are susceptible to infection, the devices described herein may find application in the treatment and/or prevention of equipment contamination and/or wound and/or surgical site infections. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is suggested that the devices of this invention may be exploited to affect the regular application of a medicated (for example antiseptic) agent or fluid to medical equipment/devices and/or wounds so as to prevent or treat the occurrence of contamination or an infection. 
         [0036]    The devices provided by this invention are automated. That is to say they are capable of delivering or dispensing a quantity of agent or fluid to a wound or equipment without human input. The devices of this invention may be programmed or configured so as to dispense or deliver a predetermined quantity of agent at a predetermined time or times. For example, the devices of this invention may deliver a quantity of agent to a wound or equipment at regular, predetermined times and/or intervals. 
         [0037]    Additionally, or alternatively, the devices provided by this invention may also be activated to deliver a quantity of agent to a wound or equipment. Such activation may be via user (for example human) interaction with the device. For example, in addition to the device being programmed or configured to automatically deliver or dispense an agent, a user (perhaps a patient) may activate the device to deliver or dispense a quantity of agent. The devices of this invention may be remotely controlled. 
         [0038]    The devices of this invention may include one or more environmental sensors such that the delivery of an agent to a wound or equipment is activated in response to one or more environmental stimuli. For example, the device may comprise motion, temperature (patient and/or environmental temperature), moisture (humidity), pressure, light and/or sound sensors. One of skill will appreciate that any given sensor may be configured to activate the device to dispense or release a quantity of agent in response to a suitable stimuli threshold. 
         [0039]    The agent to be delivered, applied, dispensed and/or discharged by the devices described herein may be sprayed, squirted, misted or dropped on to a wound, surface or equipment. 
         [0040]    The device may comprise, or further comprise, a body or housing. 
         [0041]    The body or housing may be a single part or may be multi component. 
         [0042]    The housing may define an aperture through which the agent is dispensed or discharged. 
         [0043]    The devices of this invention may comprise a reservoir for storing agent. The reservoir may take the form of a tank, vessel, canister or receptacle. The reservoir may be a single part or may be multi component. The reservoir may be air and/or water tight. The reservoir may be a sealed and pre-filled with an agent. Alternatively, the reservoir may be user filled and re-filled. In such cases, the reservoir may comprise a releasable seal or cap covering a port through which agent may be delivered to the reservoir. 
         [0044]    A device of this invention may comprise a reservoir and a housing/body part which are connected together and in fluid communication with one another. For example, the reservoir may comprise a fluid outlet port through which agent stored in the reservoir may flow or pass into the body/housing portion of the device. The body or housing portion may further comprise a fluid inlet port adapted to receive the fluid outlet port of the reservoir. The fluid outlet/inlet ports of the reservoir and housing/body portions may define fluid conduits which communicate fluid between the reservoir and the housing/body portion. The housing/body portion of the device may comprise a further fluid outlet port via which fluid may exit the housing/body portion. 
         [0045]    The devices of this invention may comprise a plurality of (i.e. two or more) reservoirs. 
         [0046]    The body or housing of the device may be configured to receive, for example releasably receive, a reservoir. Accordingly, the reservoir may be releasably contained within the device. The reservoir may be adapted to be locked into the body or housing of the device. For example the reservoir may comprise one or more “key”-like projections which can be inserted into an aperture defined by the housing. Once inserted, the reservoir may be orientated to move the “key”-like projection, from a first position to a second position which locks the reservoir to the body/housing of the device. 
         [0047]    The reservoir and device may be integrally formed. 
         [0048]    The reservoir may be remote from the device and connected thereto by means of a conduit or tube through which the agent (for example fluid) stored or held in the reservoir, may be transmitted. 
         [0049]    The reservoir may comprise or connect to a spray head, (fluid or agent) applicator or nozzle through which an agent, for example a fluid, or medicated fluid (stored in the reservoir), may be dispensed or discharged. The body or housing of the device may define an aperture or outlet through which a spray head, applicator or nozzle may project or dispense/discharge a quantity of agent to a wound. 
         [0050]    The devices of this invention may comprise one or more nozzles, applicators or spray heads through which agent is dispensed, delivered or discharged. The nozzles, applicators or spray heads may be connected directly (or indirectly) to the reservoir. The nozzles, applicators or spray heads may be attachable or releasably attachable to (medical) equipment, surfaces or body parts. The nozzles, applicators or spray heads may be part of a tube and/or connected to a tube. 
         [0051]    The tube may be a flexible tube. The tube may be attached directly (or indirectly) to the device of this invention and/or to any reservoir or body/housing portion thereof. The devices of this invention may comprise one or a plurality of flexible tubes. The tubes may be straight with a bendable portion. The tubes may be branched having multiple spray heads, applicators and/or nozzles through which fluid may be discharged, sprayed, dispensed or delivered. 
         [0052]    The spray head, applicator or nozzle of the device may be remote or distal from the reservoir and/or body part(s) of the device and connected thereto by some form of fluid conduit, for example a flexible tube. This allows the body/reservoir portion of the device to be attached at one location and the spray head. Applicator or nozzle at another location. 
         [0053]    The spray head, applicator or nozzle may be formed and adapted to spray, drop or otherwise deliver an agent, for example a fluid agent, to, for example a surface, wound or a biological tissue. 
         [0054]    The device of this invention and/or reservoir thereof may comprise means for forcing fluid from the reservoir to and out of any spray head, applicator or nozzle. For example, the device may comprise a pressurised canister or other vessel. The pressurised canister may hold agent to be delivered to a wound. The pressurised canister may contain a propellant. The pressurised canister may further comprise a valve. The valve may be a one-way valve biased to the closed position. The one-way valve may be configured to allow pressurised agent to pass therethrough upon opening. 
         [0055]    The device may further comprise means to affect the opening of the canister (or valve thereof) so as to dispense, deliver or discharge a quantity of agent therefrom. The means for opening the valve may comprise and motor which drives or operates one or more actuator members. The actuator members may engage with the canister to open the valve thereof and affect the discharge or dispensing of a quantity of agent. 
         [0056]    The reservoir (or reservoirs) may be connected to one or more other canisters or vessels. The reservoirs may be connected to the one or more other vessels or canisters by one or more tubes which define flow conduits. In use, agent held within the reservoir may flow to these other canisters or vessels through the conduits defined by the connecting tubes. Agent may be pumped from the reservoir, through a connecting tube into a vessel or canister. Additionally, or alternatively, agent may pass between the reservoir and vessel/canister (via connecting tube) under the action of gravity. 
         [0057]    The reservoir and/or vessel/canister connected thereto may comprise a piston. The piston may be moved to apply a pressure to the agent within the reservoir such that a quantity of agent is discharged or dispensed therefrom. The piston may be operated by one or more motors. 
         [0058]    The reservoir and/or vessel/canister may comprise a pump. In use, the pump may be adapted to pump agent (for example fluid or medicated fluid) from the reservoir to a vessel or canister or from the vessel/canister and on to a wound. 
         [0059]    The devices described herein may co-operate with other types of equipment, surfaces or with body parts. In particular, the devices of this invention may co-operate with medical equipment, surfaces and/or patient body parts. For example, the devices may be formed and adapted so as to be attachable, for example releasably attachable, to other types of equipment, surfaces or body parts. 
         [0060]    The devices of this invention may be comprise a connector for gripping or attaching (for example releasably attaching) to, other equipment, a surface or a body part. 
         [0061]    The device may comprise a clip. 
         [0062]    The device may comprise a magnet or magnetic component for attaching to a magnet or magnetic surface. 
         [0063]    The device may comprise a threaded connector for attaching to a corresponding connector on another device. 
         [0064]    The device may comprise a strap 
         [0065]    The device may comprise a hook and loop connector system—for example Velcro®. 
         [0066]    The device may comprise an interference fit element which releasable connects with medical equipment, in particular, for example, intravenous lines, catheters, tubes, needles and the like. 
         [0067]    The devices described herein may be releasably attachable or attachable to an intravenous line. The devices may be releasably attachable to a body part. 
         [0068]    The devices may comprise a strap or clip to enable the device to be attached or releasably attached to another device or a body part. 
         [0069]    The different components of the device may be releasably attached or clipped to existing medical equipment at different heights and locations. 
         [0070]    A device of this invention may comprise a body section comprising a reservoir for storing an agent to be delivered to a wound or some piece of equipment (for example medical equipment) and a flexible tube connecting the body section of the device to a fluid applicator or nozzle. The connecting piece of flexible tube may define a conduit through which fluid (for example agent as described herein) may pass. In this way, the flexible tube serves to communicate fluid from the reservoir to a remote nozzle or applicator, which nozzle or applicator is configured/adapted to dispense, discharge or deliver agent to, for example, a piece of equipment, a biological tissue and/or a wound. The body section may comprise a clip or grip element as described herein permitting it to be connected a piece of medical equipment, for example an intravenous line or a catheter. The nozzle or applicator may be formed and adapted so as to permit it also to be releasably connected to a piece of medical equipment. The body part and the applicator nozzle may be connected to different parts of the same piece of medical equipment or to different pieces of medical equipment. For example, the body part (which may include a reservoir component) of the device of this invention may be attached or affixed to an intravenous line and the nozzle or applicator part (which dispenses, discharges or delivers agent to a piece of equipment and/or to the wound and which is connected to the body part by a length of flexible tube) attached or affixed (or somehow associated with) a catheter, needle or other piece of equipment/tool attached to the intravenous line. The catheter, needle or other tool may penetrate the skin of a patient and the applicator or nozzle may be located on the catheter, needle or tool at, near or adjacent the skin and/or the wound (puncture wound) caused by passage of the catheter/needle or tool through the skin. The applicator or nozzle of a device of this invention may be located adjacent to the wound but not in contact therewith—this may facilitate wound visualisation. 
         [0071]    As stated, the nozzle or applicator of a device of this invention may be adapted deliver, dispense or discharge (by spraying, dropping, squirting or the like) a quantity of fluid onto a piece of equipment or a wound. Where the fluid is medicated fluid or an agent as described herein, for example an antiseptic or antibiotic agent) the regular application of the fluid (agent) on to a surface, piece of equipment (for example a catheter), biological tissue and/or a wound, may facilitate the suppression of an infection. The nozzle or applicator may be further adapted to dispense, discharge and or deliver a quantity of agent to substantially all or a major part or portion of a tubular piece of medical equipment—for example a catheter. The nozzle or applicator may take any form or shape but may define a space or gap into which a piece of equipment or a device (for example a medical device) may be located. For example, when in situ (i.e. penetrating the skin of a patient) an applicator or nozzle of this invention may be placed against or around a catheter. 
         [0072]    The applicator or nozzle may comprise an annular member or ring structure. By its very nature, a nozzle or applicator which takes the form of an annulus or ring, defines a central aperture or bore through which a tubular piece of medical equipment, for example a catheter, may pass. The applicator or nozzle may comprise a partial annulus or ring structure. 
         [0073]    An inner surface of the nozzle/applicator (perhaps an annulus), for example the inner surface which defines a central aperture or bore, may further define one or more fluid outlet apertures. Each fluid outlet aperture may define the opening to a fluid conduit or bore which pass through the structure or body of the applicator/nozzle to one or more fluid inlet ports through which agent to be delivered to a wound or piece of equipment (for example a catheter) may be passed. 
         [0074]    The fluid conduit(s) which passes/pass through the annular or ring structure of the applicator or nozzle, may connect or extend to a single fluid inlet port. The fluid conduit(s) which passes/pass through the annular or ring structure of the applicator or nozzle, may connect or extend to a plurality of fluid inlet ports. 
         [0075]    The fluid inlet port of the applicator nozzle may be connected to the reservoir of a device of this invention. 
         [0076]    The inner surface of the nozzle/applicator (perhaps having an annular or ring structure), may define a recessed surface, which, in use forms or defines a channel through which a fluid (for example an agent as defined in this invention) may flow. The recessed surface may extend circumferentially around the inside surface of the applicator/nozzle. In use and when an applicator or nozzle of a device of this invention is placed around, for example, a tubular medical device (for example a catheter), the circumferentially orientated recessed surface and the outer surface of the tubular medical device may define a circular or curved channel through which fluid may flow. One of skill will appreciate that a channel of this type would allow fluid (for example a medicated fluid agent) to flow around all or part of the outside surface of the medical device. Where the fluid is a medicated agent, this would facilitate the cleaning, disinfection and/or decontamination of the medical device. 
         [0077]    For example, the recessed surface may extend circumferentially around a lower edge of the inner surface of the (annular/ring) nozzle/applicator. One of skill will appreciate that fluid communicated (under pressure) from the reservoir of the device, may be excreted from the fluid outlet aperture defined by the inner surface of the applicator/nozzle structure. The fluid may then flow along the recessed surface. The fluid may be caused to flow along the recessed surface by capillary or wicking action. 
         [0078]    The surface properties of the recessed surface (the “capillary surface”) may be modified so as to increase the surface wettability, for example by the provision of a wicking material, or by a surface treatment such as a coating (e.g. of an oxide or hydrophilic resin material) or a roughening surface treatment, for example by exposing the surface to a plasma, by laser ablation, etc. Other parts of the applicator/nozzle of the device of this invention may comprise one or more fluid stop features, which are designed to prevent a fluid from passing through the stop feature, by virtue of capillary action alone. For example, surfaces of the applicator/nozzle, other than the recessed surface, may be provided with hydrophobic material(s) (e.g. printable conductive or non conductive inks) or a process or material that changes surface properties therefore creating a hydrophilic/hydrophobic differential (e.g. by way of laser ablation, surface scoring, surface material removal, evaporated metallic materials etc), which is designed to about/be a wall feature or is coated on a wall of the channel. 
         [0079]    In use, the recessed surface of the inner surface of the applicator/nozzle may permit fluid to flow around all or substantially all, of the outer surface of any catheter type device passing through the applicator/nozzle into and through the skin. In use, and without wishing to be bound by theory, there may form, between the recessed surface and any, for example, catheter passing through applicator/nozzle, a capillary gap which facilitates the flow of fluid from the fluid outlet aperture around the outside surface of the catheter. In this way, all, substantially all or at least a part of the outside surface of the catheter may be kept clean and free of microbial contamination. The recessed surface may further facilitate the distribution of any agent excreted from the fluid outlet aperture of the inner surface of the applicator to a wound. 
         [0080]    The recessed surface of the applicator/nozzle ensures that even the smallest quantity of fluid sprayed, dropped or delivered from the fluid outlet aperture defined by an inner surface of the applicator/nozzle, is maximally distributed around the inner surface of the applicator nozzle and across an outer surface of any device (for example catheter) passing through the applicator/nozzle. 
         [0081]    The applicator or nozzle may comprise a clear material or one or more “window” type structure(s) such that any wound below the applicator/nozzle is visible. 
         [0082]    Thus, the invention may provide a device for delivering an agent to a wound and/or a piece of medical equipment, for example a catheter type device, the device comprising a reservoir which is releasably connectable to an intravenous line and an agent applicator which can be releasably attached to any equipment or a catheter type device extending from the intravenous line, wherein agent stored in the reservoir is communicated to the applicator by a conduit and further wherein the applicator defines a fluid outlet aperture through which fluid may pass to the surface of the medical equipment/catheter and/or wound. The applicator may comprise a surface which facilitates the transmission or flow of fluid passing through the fluid outlet aperture around an inside surface of the applicator and/or the outside surface of the medical equipment (for example catheter). The surface may be recessed such that optionally in co-operation with a surface of the medical device (for example catheter), it defines a channel or recess through which fluid may flow. In use, the surface or recessed surface (again optionally in co-operation with a surface of the medical device) may form a capillary gap through which fluid may flow. 
         [0083]    Any of the devices described herein may further comprise one or more device status/performance indicators. A device status/performance indicator may serve to inform or warn users of, for example, malfunction, low or loss of power, low battery life, low/depleting/expired agent levels and the like. A status/performance indicator may take the form of one or more audible and/or visual indicators and may include, for example alarms and/or lights (for example LED type indicators). Any status or performance indicator may sound or light up or change colour to alert a user as to some issue with the performance and/or status of the device. 
         [0084]    An advantage of the present invention over prior art devices is the targeted delivery of agent to specific parts of medical/surgical equipment (for example a catheter) or a wound. This is in part brought about by the applicator feature which insofar as it is moveable and connected to a reservoir of agent by a flexible conduit, can be positioned accurately at a defined or predetermined location on a piece of medical equipment and/or at or near a wound to ensure the targeted delivery, dispensing and/or discharging of agent. Moreover, the recessed surface of the applicator which (in use) defines a fluid (or agent) flow channel (or capillary gap or capillary/wicking path), ensures that agent dispensed, delivered and/or discharged from the applicator is dispersed and/or spread around an outside surface of the medical device or equipment. In use (and for example) where the medical/surgical equipment comprises a tubular device (for example a catheter), the recessed surface of the applicator may run parallel to and in close proximity with, an outside surface of the medical/surgical equipment such that fluid or agent flowing through the channel formed by the recessed surface, is in contact with and flowing across or along at least part of the outside surface of the medical/surgical equipment. In this way all or part of an outside surface of a piece of medical equipment may be prevented from becoming contaminated and/or dirty. At this point, and under gravity agent may flow down the medical equipment (for example the catheter) towards an associated wound. 
         [0085]    The present invention provides a device or devices as substantially described in the description and figures of this specification. 
         [0086]    Being attachable to other types of equipment, for example intravenous lines and the like, allows the devices of this invention to be located at or near the site of a surgical (for example puncture) wound without obscuring it in order to provide wound visualisation. The device may then be used to regularly and controllably deploy, dispense, discharge or apply a quantity of an agent (for example an antiseptic) to the wound so as to prevent or minimise the risk of a wound infection developing. 
         [0087]    The device provided by this invention may have a range of other uses. For example, the device may be exploited in order to apply, deliver, dispense or discharge an agent to surfaces, contact surfaces, air, materials, equipment (for example surgical equipment) and the like. For example, the device may be exploited as a means to (automatically and/or regularly) deliver an agent to surfaces regularly in contact with humans, animals and/or food—for example beds, clinical and/or surgical equipment. gym equipment, doors, door handles, widows, ceilings, floors, walls, furniture, vehicles (both interior and exterior parts), tables, food, food preparatory surfaces and the like. As described in more detail below, the agent may comprise one or more components for preventing, suppressing or treating an infection, disease, condition or syndrome. The agents may comprise one or more of an antibiotic, an antiseptic, a disinfectant and/or a drug. 
         [0088]    Thus in a further aspect, the invention provides a (or an automated) device for applying, delivering, discharging or dispensing an agent to the air, materials, tools, and/or a surface/contact surface. For the avoidance of doubt the definitions used throughout this specification apply to the corresponding terms and features of this final aspect of the invention. 
     
    
     
       DETAILED DESCRIPTION 
         [0089]    The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the following Figures which show: 
           [0090]      FIG. 1 : Is an exploded perspective view of a device according to one embodiment of this invention 
           [0091]      FIG. 2 : is a plan view of the top surface of the device shown in  FIG. 1   
           [0092]      FIG. 3 : is another exploded perspective view of a device according to an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0093]      FIG. 4 : is a plan view of an end of the device shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
           [0094]      FIG. 5  is a plan view of the side of the device shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
           [0095]      FIG. 6  is a plan view of the bottom surface of the device shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
           [0096]      FIG. 7 : is a plan view of the other end of the device 
           [0097]      FIG. 8 : shows a plan view of the side of a component of the device shown in  FIGS. 1 and 3 . 
           [0098]      FIGS. 9   a - c : plan, perspective and end views of a piston component used in the device shown in  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0099]      FIG. 10   a - d : top, perspective side and end views of the spring used in the clip of the device shown in  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0100]      FIG. 11   a - d : plan, side, cross-sectional and perspective views of the reservoir lid of the device shown in  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0101]      FIG. 12   a - f : end, perspective, cross-sectional, plan and side views of the reservoir shown in the device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0102]      FIG. 13   a - c : plan, perspective and end views of a canister cap  FIG. 14   a - e : cross-sectional, perspective, bottom, end and side views of a canister of the device shown in  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0103]      FIG. 15   a - c : perspective, plan and side views of the base plate of the device shown in  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0104]      FIG. 16   a - c : Top, side and perspective views of the actuator arm component of the clip shown in the device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0105]      FIG. 17   a - d : cross-sectional, perspective, side and end views of the flexible tubes of the device of  FIGS. 1-8 . 
           [0106]      FIG. 18 : A plan view of a reservoir component according to a further aspect of this invention. 
           [0107]      FIG. 19 : A perspective view of the reservoir component of  FIG. 18  showing the internal cavity for holding agent/fluid. 
           [0108]      FIG. 20 : A further perspective view of the reservoir component shown in  FIGS. 18 and 19 . 
           [0109]      FIG. 21 : A perspective view of a housing or body element adapted to be releasably connected to the reservoir component shown in  FIGS. 18 ,  19  and  20 . 
           [0110]      FIG. 22 : A further perspective view of the housing or body element shown in  FIG. 21   
           [0111]      FIG. 23 : A perspective “see-through” line drawing showing the lock aperture of the housing or body element. 
           [0112]      FIG. 24   a : is a plan view of a device according to one embodiment of this invention. 
           [0113]      FIG. 24   b : is a perspective view of the device shown in  FIG. 24   a    FIG. 25 : is a perspective view of the assembled body/housing and reservoir of the device of  FIG. 24 . 
           [0114]      FIG. 26   a - c : are perspective views of the bottom and top sides of the cover of the body/housing of the device shown in  FIG. 24 . 
           [0115]      FIG. 27   a - b : are bottom plan and perspective views of the base of the body/housing of the device shown in  FIG. 24 . 
           [0116]      FIG. 28   a - c : are perspective views of the assembled body/housing of the device shown in  FIG. 24 . 
           [0117]      FIG. 29   a - b : bottom and top perspective views of part of the reservoir of the device shown in  FIG. 24 . 
           [0118]      FIG. 30   a - b : front view and side perspective of a second part of the reservoir of a device of  FIG. 24 . 
           [0119]      FIG. 31   a - b : top and perspective views of the reservoir component of the device shown in  FIG. 24 . 
           [0120]      FIG. 32   a : front plan view of the partial annulus nozzle of a device of this invention with the inlet port ( 68 ) centred. 
           [0121]      FIG. 32   b - d : perspective views of a partial annulus nozzle clip of a device of this invention. 
           [0122]      FIGS. 33   a - d : perspective views of a partial annulus nozzle clip of the device shown in  FIG. 24 . 
           [0123]      FIG. 34 : picture of Device  100  in use. 
           [0124]      FIGS. 35   a  and  b : Front plan and perspective views of a body section of a device according to an embodiment of this invention. 
           [0125]      FIG. 36 : a locking member for use with devices of this invention. 
       
    
    
       [0126]      FIG. 1  is an exploded perspective view of an automated device  10  for applying, delivering, discharging or dispensing an agent to a wound. Device  10  comprises reservoir  2  connected by tubes  3   a  and  3   b  to canisters  4   a  and  4   b . The reservoir has a releasable lid  2   a  and may be filled with an agent. Tubes  3   a  and  3   b  define conduits through which agent may flow or pass. As such, agent stored or held in the reservoir is fed to the canisters  4   a  and  4   b  via tubes  3   a  and  3   b . Canisters  4   a  and  4   b  are mounted on a base plate  6  which comprises a plurality of lugs or prongs  6   a  which retain and hold (or grip) canisters  4   a  and  4   b  in position. Canisters  4   a  and  4   b  further comprise flexible tubes  8   a  and  8   b  (not shown here) through which agent is dispensed or discharged. The dispense or discharge of agent through flexible tubes  8   a , is achieved by pistons  12   a  and  12   b . Pistons  12   a  and  12   b  apply a pressure to agent fed into canisters  4   a  and  4   b . This pressure forces agent through flexible tubes  8   a  and  8   b.    
         [0127]    Turning now to  FIG. 2 , the arrangement of the reservoir  2 ,  2   a , canisters  4   a  and  4   b , base plate and lugs  6 ,  6   a  and flexible tubes  8   a  and  8   b  can be seen. 
         [0128]    Best shown in  FIG. 3  is flexible tube  8   b  of device  10 . The tube can be seen extending from the end of canister  4   b.    
         [0129]      FIG. 4  shows clip  14  located beneath base  6 . Clip  14  contains a spring  15  which biases the clip to the closed position. In use, the actuator arm  16  of the clip is pressed to open the clip jaws  18 . The clip  14  can then be used to attach device  10  to another article, for example, another piece of medical equipment. 
         [0130]      FIG. 5  shows the side view of automated device  10 . Best shown in this figure is reservoir  2  which is connected to canister  4   a  by tube  3   a . Fluid contained within reservoir  2  can flow through tube  3   a  (under the action of gravity) into canister  4   a , where upon it is ejected through flexible tube  8   a . Canister  4   a  (and  4   b  not shown) is mounted on base plate  6  and retained in position by a plurality of griping lugs  6   a . In this embodiment, the canisters  4   a / 4   b  may be released or separated from the base plate  6  and the lugs  6   a  thereof, by simple pulling action. 
         [0131]      FIG. 6  shows the bottom of device  10 . In this figure, clip  14  can be seen attached to base plate  6 . 
         [0132]    Turning now to  FIG. 7 , there is shown a front end view of device  10 . In this figure, reservoir  2  can be seen with the lid  2   a  removed (shown above). As explained above, reservoir  2  is connected to canisters  4   a  and  4   b  via tubes  3   a  and  3   b . These tubes ( 3   a  and  3   b ) form conduits through which fluid held in reservoir  2  may flow into canisters  4   a  and  4   b . Base plate  6  is also shown upon which canisters  4  and  4   b  are mounted and (releasably) retained by lugs  6   a .  FIG. 7  also clearly shows clip  14  mounted on the bottom of base plate  6  which may be used to attach the device to other forms of equipment—such as, for example, IV drip lines and the like. 
         [0133]      FIG. 8  is a cross-sectional view of one of the canisters  4   a / 4   b . This view clearly shows that canisters  4   a /b comprise a port  3   c  for engaging with or receiving tubes  3   a  and/or  3   b . Port  3   c  defines an aperture opening into the interior chamber  4   c  of canister  4   a / 4   b . Fluid passing from the reservoir  2  (not shown) though either of tubes  3   a  or  3   b  may enter the canister interior chamber ( 4   c ) via port  3   c . Chamber  4   c  is formed an adapted to receive and retain fluid from reservoir  2 .  FIG. 8  also shows that canisters  4   a /b further comprise a cap  30  and a piston  20  which is slidably mounted therein. Piston  20  may be driven or moved towards flexible tube  8   a /b so as to apply pressure to fluid within chamber  4   c . As piston  20  is moved to apply pressure to fluid within chamber  4   c , the fluid if forced through flexible tube  8   a/b . Once ejected from flexible tube  8   a/b , the fluid can be directed to, for example a wound (for example a surgical puncture wound). As explained in more detail below (with reference to  FIG. 15 ) direction of ejected fluid to a wound may be assisted by the orientation of flexible tubes  8   a/b  which may be angled to eject fluid in a particular direction. 
         [0134]      FIG. 9  shows piston  20  in detail. Piston  20  comprises a cylindrical head  21  having a diameter substantially equal to the internal diameter of canisters  4   a  and  4   b . Piston  20  may comprise one or more seal elements to form a seal between the outer surface of the cylindrical head  21  and the inner surface of chamber  4   c  of canisters  4   a / 4   b . Piston  20  further comprises a shaft  22  which may be connected to, or engaged with a drive means. For example, shaft  22  may engage with a cam or other actuator element.  FIG. 9   c  is an end view of piston  20  showing the head  21  and shaft  22  sections. 
         [0135]      FIGS. 10   a - d  show the spring  15  of clip  14 . Spring  15  may be formed of spring wire (perhaps of surgical grade) and comprises coiled spring section  15   a  and arms  15   b  and  15   c  which are connected to coiled spring section  15   a  and are biased to the open position thereby. Arms  15   b  and  15   c  engage with clip parts  16   a  and  16   b.    
         [0136]      FIGS. 11   a - 11   d  show the reservoir lid  2   a  in detail. The lid can be releasably attached to reservoir  2  and may form an air/water tight seal therewith. Lid  2   a  may comprise one or more seal elements such that when fitted to reservoir  2 , the lid forms a water/air tight seal therewith. 
         [0137]    Turning now to  FIG. 12 , there is shown various views of the reservoir  2 . In  FIGS. 12   a  and  12   e  which are end and front views respectively of reservoir  2 , tubes  3   a  and  3   b  are shown. Through these tubes, fluid held within reservoir  2  may flow by gravity.  FIG. 12   b  is a perspective view of the reservoir and shows internal chamber  2   b  which holds fluid.  FIG. 12   c  is a cross-sectional view of the reservoir. Best shown here are the conduits defined by tubes  3   a  and  3   b  which open to the internal chamber of reservoir  2 . In  FIG. 12   d , the openings defined by tubes  3   a  and  3   b  can be seen at the base of reservoir chamber  2   b . Additionally, upper rim  2   c  of the reservoir is shown—the rim defines a lip which engages/mates with reservoir lid  2   a . The rim and/or lip  2   c  of reservoir  2  may further comprise a seal element so that when in situ, lid  2   a  forms an air/water tight seal therewith. 
         [0138]      FIG. 13 , shows the canister cap  30  in detail. Canister cap  30  is placed as a bung or plug in the end of canister  4   a  or  4   b , behind piston  20 . Cap  30  is generally cylindrical in form and comprises a first cylindrical part  31  that is inserted into the chamber  4   c  of the canisters  4   a  and  4   b . The diameter of part  31  is substantially identical to the internal diameter of chamber  4   c . Part  31  may comprise one or more seal elements such that, in use, the cap forms an air/water tight seal with the canister  4   a / 4   b.    
         [0139]      FIGS. 14   a - e  best show the cylindrical canisters  4   a  and  4   b .  FIG. 14  a shows a cross-section through plane A-A of  FIG. 14   c  and shows the internal chamber  4   c  of a canister  4   a/b  and port  3   c  which connects to one of tubes  3   a  or  3   b . The canister further comprises nozzle  4   d  which is designed to engage with or connect to, the flexible tubes  8   a  and  8   b . The internal conduit defined by nozzle  4   d  communicates with chamber  4   c  of the canister. 
         [0140]      FIGS. 15   a - c  provide various views of base plate  6 . As described above, base plate  6  comprises a plurality of lugs  6   a  which are positioned in such a way such that they grip and retain the canisters of device  10  in position. The lugs may comprise a coating to increase their grip on the canisters. For example, the lugs  6   a  may be coated with a layer of rubber or the like. The base plate  6  and/or lugs  6   a  may be formed of metal, plastic, wood, rubber, composite material (fibre glass, carbon fibre or the like) or any combination thereof. 
         [0141]      FIG. 16  shows the detail of certain parts of the clip  14 . In particular, the actuator arm  16  is shown. The actuator arm is bent near the middle and comprises an elongate body member  16   a  which defines a groove  16   b  for receiving the coiled spring  15   a  part of spring  15  and a further groove  16   c  for receiving one of the spring arms  15   b  or  15   c.    
         [0142]    Best shown in  FIGS. 17   a - d  are the flexible tubes  8   a  and  8   b . These tubes ( 8   a  and  8   b ) are generally elongate tubes which define central conduits through which fluid may pass.  FIG. 17   b  (which is a cross-sectional view of a tube  8   a  or  8   b  through plane A-A of  FIG. 17   c ) shows the conduit  8   e  defined by the tube. In these embodiments, the conduit defines a fluid exit aperture  8   c  which, in certain embodiments may be adapted to form a spray or jet of fluid. Also shown are the sections of tubes  8   a  and  8   b  which comprise corrugations  8   d  which permit flexing of the tube. Corrugations  8   d  permit flexing of tubes  8   a  or  8   b  while at the same time preserving the integrity and structure of the conduit  8   e  such that when flexed, fluid can still pass through tube  8   a  or  8   b . The corrugations allow tubes  8   a  and  8   b  to be angled such that fluid ejected therefrom (through fluid exit  8   c ) may be directed to a wound.  FIG. 17   d  is an end view showing the fluid exit  8   c  defined by one end of tube  8   a  or  8   b  and the corrugated portion  8   d.    
         [0143]    Turning now to  FIGS. 18-23 , there is shown an alternate embodiment of a reservoir component and the body/housing section of a device II according to this invention. 
         [0144]      FIG. 18  is a plan view of reservoir component  40 . The reservoir comprises body portion  44  which is formed and adapted to receive and hold a volume of agent or fluid. On its bottom surface  44   a , the reservoir body  44  comprises projection  42  which itself comprise a shaft  42   a  protruding from the bottom surface  44   a  or the reservoir and a planar “key” section  42   b . The “key” section  42   b  further comprises domed protrusions  45   a  and  45   b.    
         [0145]      FIG. 19  is a perspective view of reservoir  40  shown in  FIG. 18 . This view best shows the internal cavity  44   c  defined by reservoir body  44 , which is adapted to hold and retain a quantity or volume of agent or fluid. Additionally, this figure shows aperture  46  defined by the bottom surface of internal cavity  44   c . Aperture  46  opens into a bore defined by shaft  42   a  and key structure  42  (not shown). Fluid or agent retained within reservoir  40  may pass through the bore defined by shaft/key  42   a /b. The bore may comprise a valve—perhaps a one-way valve. 
         [0146]      FIG. 20  is a yet further perspective view of reservoir  40 . Best shown here is aperture  46  which extends through the lower surface of the reservoir body  44 , through shaft  42   a  and through key structure  42   b.    
         [0147]      FIG. 21  is a perspective view of a housing or body component  50  to which reservoir  40  may be connected. Housing/body  50  comprises an L-shaped structure having profiled wall  51 . Profiled surface  52  defines aperture  52 . The remaining features of this structure are best described with reference to  FIG. 22  which shows profiled wall  51  to define a locking aperture  54 . Locking aperture  54  defines an aperture on the outer surface  53  of profiled wall  51  which is adapted to receive key structure  42   b . Aperture  52  opens out into locking aperture  54 . 
         [0148]      FIG. 23  shows the locking aperture in detail. In this Figure, the locking aperture can be seen to define a further cavity  55  which, like locking aperture  54 , is adapted to receive key  42   b . In use, key  42   b  is inserted into locking aperture  54  and pushed until it reaches the profiled wall. Key  42   b  is then turned such that key  42  is received by cavity  55 . a surface of cavity  55  define domed recesses  60   a  and  60   b —these recesses receive domed protrusions  45   a  and  45   b  to secure key  42   b  within cavity  55 . Since Key  42   b  is fixed to reservoir  40 , the reservoir becomes releasably connected (or locked) to body housing portion  50 . 
         [0149]      FIGS. 24   a  and  b  are perspective views of an automated device  100  for applying, delivering, discharging or dispensing an agent to a wound. As stated, in use, the device permits would visualisation and attendance without the need to move or displace the device. Moreover, in use, the device does not substantially occlude, obscure or cover the wound. Device  100  comprises a housing or body  66  (comprising upper and lower connected pats  66   a  and  66   b ) which is (releasably) connected to reservoir  68  formed of units  68   a / 68   b , which reservoir ( 68 ) is capable of storing an agent, for example a fluid agent) to be delivered to a wound, ultimately through applicator or nozzle  63 . Applicator nozzle  63  is in fluid communication with the housing  66  of the device through flexible tube  61 , which is attached to fluid outlet  62  (located the housing/body component  66 ). The device is releasably attached to a catheter  65  via grip element  64  located on the side of the housing  66 . Nozzle  63  is attached to catheter  65  such that it can deliver an agent (for example an antiseptic agent) to part of the catheter. In use, the agent held within reservoir  68  may be transmitted through the housing/body portion  66  of the device, through fluid outlet port  62  and flexible tube  61  to the applicator nozzle  63 . Applicator nozzle  63  defines a fluid outlet aperture (not shown here) through which agent is dispensed, delivered or discharged. When applicator nozzle  63  is secured or attached to a catheter, agent may be dispensed, discharged or delivered from/by the device to the catheter. Moreover, when the applicator nozzle  63  is secured to a catheter at the point where the catheter enters, for example, the skin (i.e. at the wound), fluid dispensed, discharged or delivered from/by the device may also be applied to the wound. Again, where the agent is an antiseptic and/or anti-microbial agent, device  100  may be used to ensure that a catheter and/or wound (catheter entry site) remains clean and free of infection. 
         [0150]      FIG. 25  shows the body/housing section  66  of the device attached to the reservoir section  68 . In this Figure it can be seen that the body/housing part  66  comprises two sections  66   a  and  66   b  which are connected together. The reservoir section  68  also comprises two parts  68   a  and  68   b  which are connected together. Also shown is grip element  64  which protrudes from the side of the body portion  66  and is formed from connected parts of both sections  66   a  and  66   b . In use, grip element  64  releasably may accommodate (by interference fit) a tubular member, for example a catheter. Also shown is fluid outlet port  62  which protrudes from a front surface of body section  66  and is formed from parts of both sections  66   a  and  66   b  of the body portion. Fluid outlet port  62  comprises a series of ridges or ribs such that a flexible tube (for example tube  61  in  FIG. 24 ) may be releasably secured thereto. The ridges of the fluid outlet port  62  also ensure a fluid tight seal. 
         [0151]      FIGS. 26   a - c  show perspective views of upper part  66   a  of the body section  66 .  FIGS. 26   a  and  b  show the inner surface of the body section  66   a . The inner surface provides five cylindrical lugs  69   a . The inner surface of part  66   a  further defines part of a locking aperture  70   a . Also defined by part  66   a  is the top surface of fluid outlet port  62  which can be seen to define a channel through which fluid may flow.  FIGS. 26   a  and  b  show the upper part of grip element  64   a  protruding from the side of the cover  66   a.    
         [0152]      FIG. 26   c  shows a top perspective view of body/housing part  66   a . This figure clearly shows those parts ( 62   a  and  64   a ) of  66   a  which form part of the fluid outlet port  62  and grip element  64 . 
         [0153]      FIGS. 27   a - b  show bottom and perspective views of the other (or base) part  66   b  of body/housing section  66 . 
         [0154]    Base part  66   b  defines five apertures ( 69   b ) which are sized and dimensioned to securely accommodate the lugs ( 69   a ) projecting from the inner surface of part  66   a . the apertures  69   b  defined by base part  66   b  are positioned such that when parts  66   a  and  66   b  are brought together, each of the lugs  69   a  become located within their corresponding apertures  69   b . Parts  66   a  and  66   b  are held together by the resulting interference fit. 
         [0155]    Best shown in  FIG. 27   b  are those parts ( 62   b ,  64   b  and  70   b ) which form fluid outlet port  62 , grip element  64  and locking aperture  70 . 
         [0156]      FIGS. 28   a - b  show perspective views of the assembled body section  66  formed from connected parts  66   a  and  66   b . Best shown in  FIGS. 28   a  and  b  is slot  71  which is adapted to receive part of the reservoir  68  (not shown). Also shown is step  72  which, in use, prevents over-rotation of the reservoir  68  when it is locked into place. 
         [0157]      FIG. 28   b  shows the underside of housing  66  and each of the lugs  69  can be seen located within corresponding apertures  69   b  defined by part  66   b.    
         [0158]      FIG. 28   c  clearly shows the part of grip element  64  formed by parts  66   a  and  66   b  of the housing  66 . Also shown is fluid outlet port  62  formed by parts  66   a  and  66   b  of the housing  66 . 
         [0159]      FIGS. 29   a  and  b  shows part  68   a  of the reservoir  68  in isolation.  FIG. 29   a  shows that an inner surface  73  of reservoir part  68   a  defines a well which may contain fluid. The inner surface  73  further defines a ridge or step  73   a  which receives part of the reservoir lid  68 . These features are also shown in  FIG. 30   a.    
         [0160]      FIG. 29   b  clearly shows fluid outlet port  74  which protrudes from lock element  71   b . Fluid outlet port  74  defines an aperture  74   a  which is in fluid communication with the well defined by inner surface  74  of part  67 . Lock element  71   b  comprises a lateral lug which fits within slot  71   a  defined by housing  66  (not shown). In use, locking element  71   b  may be located within slot  71   a  such that it enters housing  66 . Once locking element  71   b  has been located in slot  71   a , it is necessary to align housing  66  with reservoir  68 . This is achieved by rotating the reservoir. Rotating reservoir  68  has the effect of locking reservoir  68  to the housing  66  as the locking element  71   b  (now located within housing  66 ) becomes misaligned from slot  71   a . To prevent over-rotation during the locking procedure, reservoir part  68   a  is provided with protruding lug  75  which meets step  72  as it is rotated thus preventing further (over) rotation. 
         [0161]      FIG. 30   b  presents perspective view of part  68   b . This part connects to part  68   a  to form a closed reservoir which may contain fluid. Reservoir  68  defines a lip  73   b  which permits an interference type connection with part  68   a.    
         [0162]      FIGS. 31   a - b  show plan and perspective views of the assembled reservoir comprising connected parts  68   a  and  68   b.    
         [0163]      FIGS. 32   a - d  show in detail a partial annulus applicator nozzle  63 .  FIG. 32   a  shows a centred fluid inlet port  76  which may be connected to flexible tube  61  (not shown). Fluid inlet port  76  is best shown in  FIGS. 32   b  and  32   c  as comprising a profiled, ridged or ribbed surface which permits a secure and fluid tight seal with flexible tube  61 . Fluid inlet port  76  defines an aperture  76   a  through which fluid from the flexible tube may pass. Fluid passing through aperture  76   a  may pass along bore  76   b  defined by an inner surface of fluid inlet port  76  and applicator  63 . Fluid may exit the applicator via aperture  78  (shown in  FIG. 32   b ) defined by an inner surface  77  of the applicator  63 . 
         [0164]      FIG. 32   b  shows a perspective view of applicator nozzle  63 . In this Figure applicator  63  is shown to comprise a partial annulus structure. The partial annulus structure of applicator  63  defines a U shaped gap which is formed, dimensioned and adapted to receive, for example, medical equipment such as catheters, needles, tubes and the like. 
         [0165]    The inner surface  77  of applicator  63  further defines a circumferential recessed surface (appearing as a bevel or groove) denoted numeral  77   a  which spans a distance either side of defined aperture  78 . The recessed surface  77   a  facilitates the spread of fluid exiting aperture  78 . Recessed surface  77   a  may define a channel (perhaps in co-operation with a medical device, for example a catheter); additionally or alternatively, recessed surface  77   a  may wick or draw fluid by capillary action and/or under gravity from aperture  78 . 
         [0166]    In use, applicator  63  may be placed on or around, or attached to a piece of medical equipment such as, for example, a catheter. For example applicator  63  may be placed on the skin such that a catheter or needle passes through the U-shaped gap defined by applicator  63 . In this way, agent passed from the reservoir  68  of device  100  through aperture  78  defined by an inner surface  77  of applicator  63 , is discharged, applied and/or dispensed on to part of the needle/catheter and/or a wound (for example a surgical puncture wound). The applicator  63  is formed and adapted to apply, discharge or dispense fluid around substantially all or at least a part of the external circumference of a needle and/or catheter. The combination of the design of the recessed (bevelled or grooved) surface  77   a  with the effect of gravity and/or any capillary and/or wicking forces, allows the coating of substantially the entire outer surface or any part thereof) of the medical equipment to which nozzle  63  is attached. 
         [0167]      FIGS. 33   a - c  show another design of applicator nozzle  63   a  in which the fluid inlet port  76  is located on one side of the partial annulus of applicator  63   a . As with applicator  63 , applicator  63   d  defines a fluid conduit or bore defined by the body of the partial annulus and fluid inlet port  76 . The inner surface  80  of the applicator  63   a  defines an aperture through which fluid (or agent) passing through the bore or conduit may exit. The inner surface  80  further defines a bevel or groove  80   a  which extends circumferentially either side defined aperture. 
         [0168]      FIG. 34  shows a picture of Device  100  in use. The partial annulus  63  with a centred inlet port is placed on a tube  65  belonging to medical equipment (e.g. catheter). The fluid (for example medicated fluid) contained in reservoir  68  is pumped through the body/housing  66  and passes through conduit  62  to the flexible tube  61 . The fluid travels from tube  61  to nozzle  63  and is dispensed onto the medical equipment  65 . Recessed surface  77   a  (not shown) of nozzle  63  allows the fluid to be spread across part or the entire surface of tube  65  to provide disinfection at the wound site without hindering the wound visualisation. The complete device can be releasably attached to existing medical equipment above the wound site at different locations. 
         [0169]      FIGS. 35   a  and  b  show front plan and perspective views of part  200  of another device according to an embodiment of this invention. Part  200  is a body part comprising upper and lower sections  266   a  and  266   b  which are connected together. Body part  200  has substantially the same features as those of equivalent parts shown in other figures, the principle difference being the “L-shape” of this body part  200  and the recessed nature of fluid outlet port  262  which is set back from the front edge. Specifically, the Figures show that body section  200  comprises two connected parts  266   a  and  266   b  which are L-shaped. An inner surface of upper part  266   a  (not shown) comprises six projecting lugs  269   a  which in  FIG. 35   b  can be shown as received within corresponding apertures  269   b  defined by lower part  266   b  of the body section  200 . As with other embodiments, body section  200  comprises grip element  264  which allows it to be releasably connected to medical/surgical devices/equipment. 
         [0170]      FIG. 36  shows a perspective view of a sealing member  300  which can be inserted into slot  71   a  (or its equivalent feature in other embodiments) when no reservoir section is attached. This fills and/or plugs slot  71   a  and seals the body unit of the various devices of this invention. Sealing member  300  comprises lug  304  which can be inserted into slot  71   a  and handle  302  which may be used to turn the sealing member  300  so as to misalign lug  304  with slot  71   a  locking member  300  in place. 
         [0171]    Those skilled in the art will recognise that the above-described embodiments are merely exemplary of the present invention and that various modifications and improvements may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention. Furthermore, the various embodiments described above include a number of different features. It will be recognised by those of skill in the art that many of these features offer advantages independently of the other features present in the embodiments and could be incorporated in other aspects of the invention. For example, the automated device of this invention may comprise a plurality of tubes like those shown as features  8   a  and  8   b  above. For example, the device may comprise any number between 1 and 100 tubes, each of which communicate with one or more of the canisters  4   a  and  4   b . Each tube may define a fluid conduit and each tube may be flexible such that fluid ejected therefrom may be targeted to a specific site or sent (for example sprayed) in a particular direction. The tubes may be substantially straight (but flexible) and/or branched such that one tube connected to the canister branches into a plurality of fluid conduits.