Abstract:
The present invention provides a hierarchical packaging of electronic equipment that includes a first order assembly and a second order assembly. The first order assembly includes a plurality of modules and a means of mechanically supporting, interconnecting, powering, cooling and managing said modules. The second order assembly includes a plurality of the first order assemblies, and a means of mechanically supporting, interconnecting, powering, cooling and managing said first order assemblies.

Description:
FIELD OF THE INVENTION  
       [0001]     The present invention relates generally to the packaging of electronic systems, and more specifically to a hierarchical packaging arrangement of universal platform elements for telecommunications and data networking systems.  
       BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     Systems for telecommunications or data network elements are typically packaged using a non-related collection of cabinets, shelves, circuit boards, and mezzanine boards. Different combinations of specific building blocks at all of these levels can be configured together to provide specific system functionality. If a set of said building blocks are carefully created to permit their use in multiple different applications, a platform development approach exists.  
         [0003]     Platforms can be either proprietary or based upon open standards. There is a recent trend among the manufacturers of telecommunications and data networking equipment to move away from proprietary platforms and toward platforms based upon open industry standards. Two of the most important of these open standards are the Advanced Telecommunications Computing Architecture (Advanced TCA, also known as PICMG3) for shelves and boards, and The Advanced Mezzanine Card (also known by its PICMG designation of AMC) for mezzanines, also known as daughter boards.  
         [0004]     Advanced TCA and AMC are ideal for large scale, high capacity network elements. However, for smaller scale elements, or network elements with a very sensitive cost structure, Advanced TCA often can&#39;t be economically scaled low enough. AMC can be scaled to enable the creation of low cost systems, but no open industry standard exists to enable its marketplace. Also, typical packaging of AMCs can either permit the creation of inexpensive, but modest sized systems, or moderate sized systems with a cost structure that is too high.  
         [0005]     A need therefore exists for an open industry standard, which permits the creation of both low cost and moderate scaling in the same basic packaging technique.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0006]     The present invention provides an improved method for packaging electronic components utilizing hierarchical packaging for telecommunications and computing platforms. In hierarchical packaging, a collection of standard mezzanine cards is equipped together into an assembly called a cube. A cube comprises a number of mezzanine boards plugged directly into a backplane, and the necessary mechanical elements, switching fabric, power, cooling and system management functions needed to operate them.  
         [0007]     In a preferred embodiment, the cube comprises a packaged assembly of about sixteen AMCs, and the common elements needed to drive them. Groups of two or four mezzanine positions can be merged to provide bigger board area. In an exemplary embodiment, the cube fits inside a cube approximately 200 mm on a side. Small scale or cost sensitive systems can often be implemented in a single cube.  
         [0008]     If scalability is needed beyond the relatively small number of mezzanine boards provided in a cube, a number of cubes can be interconnected through the use of an additional level of mechanical packaging, interconnect, cooling, power distribution and management infrastructure. In an exemplary embodiment, eight cubes are interconnected and controlled through a central resource called a superfabric. The superfabric has a mechanical footprint similar to the standard cube, permitting the creation of a three by three array of cube-sized packages that occupy space in a rack similar to an Advanced TCA shelf. One of these cubes includes central resources and is called the central fabric cube. The three by three array of cubes is ideal for intermediate sized systems.  
         [0009]     If further scalability is needed, eight three by three cube arrays can be configured to fill three standard cabinets, along with a ninth super-super fabric shelf interconnecting the arrays and providing their shared mechanical, interconnect, cooling, power and management functions. In the preferred embodiment, the super-super fabric is an Advanced TCA shelf. Packaging of several cabinets into a single large sized system is ideal for the creation of the largest types of network elements.  
         [0010]     This hierarchy can be extended more levels, until an entire network of packaged elements is created, comprising many buildings full of equipment, and potentially serving the full service communications and data processing needs of many thousands of subscribers.  
         [0011]     Advantageously the same basic mechanical building block of the cube is used for implementing the small, intermediate, large, and network scale systems. This greatly improves the cost of systems, through reduced development and operational expense, and via the economies of scale of such a large number of identical cubes being produced. The vast majority of complexity and expense of systems are embodied in their constituent cubes, and only a small fraction are accounted for in the shared mechanical components or higher order fabrics.  
         [0012]     The hierarchical packaging of the present invention also permits the natural use of hierarchical packet-based interconnect networks to connect all of the AMCs, cube fabrics and higher order fabrics. In an exemplary embodiment, the network is an Ethernet network, with a plurality of Gigabit Ethernet links connecting the AMCs in each cube to its fabric, and ten gigabit Ethernet links interconnecting the cube fabrics with the Superfabrics. The hierarchy may also be a hierarchy of serial RapidIO, PCI Express or InfiniBand links interconnects the AMCs, cube fabrics and superfabrics.  
         [0013]     The present invention also provides an additional advantage, which is hierarchical management. In an exemplary embodiment, AMCs are managed using the IPMI protocol. The same protocol is extended in a hierarchical fashion to a central cube control entity, then to a superfabric control entity, and so on. This provides a unified, intuitive, and simple to use mechanism to manage large numbers of mezzanine boards, in a well-disciplined hierarchy. Simplifying management is an important way to minimize ongoing operational expense of a network.  
         [0014]     Further, the present invention provides ease of system growth and scalability. Systems can start small, with only a single cube performing all of their functions. As their traffic grows, the systems can continue to use their original cubes, and add an inexpensive superfabric and shelf level packaging, and grow as many additional cubes as required. If the system outgrows the capabilities of the number of cubes supported on the shelf sized superfabric, a multi-shelf or multi-cabinet system, with a super-super fabric serving as a high-level interconnect can be utilized as the next growth step. Equipment is reused, and the incremental growth costs of upgrading to the next step in the hierarchy are a fraction of the cost of alternative non-hierarchical packaging concepts. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0015]      FIG. 1  depicts a platform-based network in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0016]      FIG. 2  depicts a block diagram of a cube in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0017]      FIG. 3  depicts a mechanical design of a cube in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0018]      FIG. 4  depicts a shelf level system comprising a plurality of cubes and a central SuperFabric cube to interconnect them together in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0019]      FIG. 5  depicts the mechanical design of a shelf level system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0020]      FIG. 6  depicts a block diagram of a multi-shelf system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0021]      FIG. 7  depicts a mechanical view of a multi-shelf system in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0022]     The present invention can be better understood with reference to  FIGS. 1 through 7 .  FIG. 1  depicts a platform-based network  200  in accordance with the present invention. Platform-based network  200  comprises access box  210 , switching box  220 , transport box  230 , computation box  240 , and large scale access box  250  all linked together with links  125 ,  135 ,  145 , and  155 . However, in the hierarchical approach embodied in network  200 , all of the network elements  210 ,  220 ,  230 ,  240 ,  250  are implemented using the same platform-based hierarchical system packaging.  
         [0023]     Access box  210  comprises mechanical elements  211 , cooling elements  212 , power elements  213 , common electronic and management functions  214 , and a plurality of linecards  215   a,    215   b,  and  215   c.  An exemplary linecard  215 C further includes mezzanine cards  216 A, and  216 B. Advantageously, platform-based network  200  utilizes hierarchical packaging by using the same building blocks,  211 ,  212 ,  213 , and  214  that were used in element  210 , and only the linecards are specific to the functions of a particular box. This greatly reduces the cost of implementing hierarchical platform-based network  200 .  
         [0024]     Further, platform-based network  200  includes elements of different scales. For example, transport box  240  may require comparatively few modules, while large scale access box  250  may require many more modules. Larger scale elements like  250  are implemented with a plurality of identical central resources, all interconnected using a superfabric. The central resources needed to implement access box  250  are multiple identical copies of the same elements used to implement computation box  240 , and the other elements in platform-based network  200 . This reuse saves substantial development and deployment expense.  
         [0025]      FIG. 2  shows a block diagram of a cube  300  in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. Cube  300  is a self-contained electronic assembly that is capable of stand-alone operation or can be integrated along with other cubes and higher order fabrics into a complex system.  
         [0026]     Cube  300  comprises at least one set of central resources  310 . Central resources  310  comprises an interconnect fabric switch  312 , power conditioning circuit  314 , power distribution circuit  316 , synchronization circuit  318 , test circuit  320 , management circuit  322 , and cube control processor  324 .  
         [0027]     In an exemplary embodiment, a cube includes a single central resource. In a further exemplary embodiment, a cube includes a plurality of central resources, the number depending upon the level of fault tolerance required by a particular application.  
         [0028]     Central resources  310  preferably includes a plurality of modules  350 A- 350 D. Modules  350 A- 350 D preferably include processing functions, packet interfaces, signal processors, storage, or various types of I/O interfaces. In the preferred embodiment, modules  350 A- 350 D are AMC modules conforming to the PICMG standard.  
         [0029]     Central resources  310  are preferably interconnected with modules  350 A- 350 D over a variety of links, including main fabric interconnection links  332 A- 332 D, power distribution links  336 A- 336 D, synchronization links  338 A- 338 D, test links  340 A- 340 D, and management links  342 A- 342 D.  
         [0030]     Uplinks  313  and power connections  315  interconnect the resources of cube  300  with higher order functions of the system.  
         [0031]     Cube  300  can be used for small scale systems in a standalone mode, or can be interconnected with other cubes to create shelf level systems as shown in the block diagram of  FIG. 4  or the mechanical concept of  FIG. 5 .  
         [0032]      FIG. 3  depicts a mechanical design  400  of a cube  300 . Mechanical design  400  provides rigid support for all elements. Backplane  430  interconnects the various elements, and includes conductors for links  332 ,  336 ,  338 ,  340 , and  342 .  
         [0033]     Cooling system  420  provides a means of cooling the electronics within mechanical enclosure  400 . Circuit board  410  is the physical embodiment of central resources  310  and includes connectors  412  to accept interconnecting cables leading to higher order system functions. Module circuit boards  450 A- 450 D are the physical implementations of the functions of modules  350 A- 350 D.  
         [0034]      FIG. 4  depicts a shelf level system  500  comprising a plurality of cubes  500 A- 500 H and a central SuperFabric cube  510  to interconnect them together. SuperFabric cube  510  includes interconnect and control boards  520  and  521  and shelf level power distributions  530  and  531 . Interconnect and control boards  520  and  521  comprise central switching fabric  532 , shelf level synchronization circuit  534 , shelf test circuit  536 , shelf management circuit  538 , and shelf control processor  539 .  
         [0035]     In an exemplary embodiment, at the shelf level, redundancy is often desired. In this exemplary embodiment, SuperFabric cube  510  comprises redundant interconnect and control boards  521  and redundant power distribution board  531 .  
         [0036]     Interface panel  540  provides shelf level interfaces for alarms and craft control. Cubes  550 A through  550 H are preferably interconnected with interconnect and control boards  520 ,  521  and power distribution boards  530  and  531  via communications links  560 A, redundant communication links  560 B, power links  570 A, redundant power links  570 B, sync links  580 A and redundant sync links  580 B. In this manner, superfabric  510  can support, control, and manage a plurality of cubes in its domain. Uplinks  533  and power connections  535  connect the shelf level system to higher level infrastructure.  
         [0037]      FIG. 5  shows the mechanical design of shelf level system  600 , which is depicted in the block diagram shown in  FIG. 4 . Shelf level system  600  comprises mechanical support elements  605 , shelf level cooling elements  607 , a Superfabric cube  610 , and a plurality of cube packages  650 A- 650 H.  
         [0038]     Superfabric cube  610  includes the elements shown in  510  in  FIG. 4 , namely a pair of interconnect and control boards  620 A and  620 B, a pair of shelf level power distribution boards  630 A and  630 B, and a craft and alarm interface panel  640 . Advantageously, the superfabric mechanical packaging shown in superfabric cube  610  preferably has the same footprint and mechanical interfaces as cube mechanical enclosure  400 , so it is possible to configure different numbers of cubes and superfabrics in shelf  600 , depending upon the needs of the particular application. Also shown are shelf level cable management devices  660 A- 660 C.  
         [0039]     Interconnection among the elements depicted in  FIG. 5  are preferably via front panel cables. Alternately, interconnection is accomplished via a second order backplane that is located behind the cubes.  
         [0040]      FIG. 6  depicts a block diagram of a multi-shelf system  700 . Multi-shelf system  700  includes a number of shelf level systems  750 A- 750 H, a super-superfabric  710  to interconnect shelf level systems  750 A- 750 H, and a frame level power infrastructure  740 . Shelves are interconnected with the super-superfabric with inter-shelf interconnect facilities  715 A-H and frame level power wiring  745 A-H. In the preferred embodiment, up to eight shelves of cubes are interconnected with a single super-superfabric shelf. Also in the preferred embodiment, the super-superfabric shelf is an Advanced TCA system.  
         [0041]     It should be understood that cubes need not comprise modules and fabrics, but may comprise larger scale package modules. As examples, these can include but are not limited to optical amplifiers, disk arrays, radio modules, or any other component not amenable to mezzanine module packaging.  
         [0042]      FIG. 7  is a mechanical view  800  of the multi-shelf system  700 . Super-superfabric shelf  810  is located in the center of the mechanical arrangement  800 . Hierarchical shelves  850 A- 850 H surround the super-superfabric. In the embodiment depicted in  FIG. 7 , shelves  850 A- 850 H comprise a plurality of shelves, each of which comprises a plurality of eight cubes, as well as a superfabric cube each. Frame level mechanical elements  820  support the shelves.  820  is depicted as three equipment frames, with three shelves per frame. System power elements  840  manage the power distribution across the shelves.  
         [0043]     The present invention thereby provides a hierarchical packaging system that permits the construction of a very regular arrangement of electronic components. Systems of very small scale, such as a few modules, as well as very large scale, having thousands of modules, and spanning multiple cabinets, are all easily constructed out of a small number of electrical and mechanical building blocks. The systems of the present invention are efficient to construct and manage, because of the great commonality of elements at all levels, and the regular, hierarchical method of interconnecting, powering, testing and managing them.  
         [0044]     While this invention has been described in terms of certain examples thereof, it is not intended that it be limited to the above description, but rather only to the extent set forth in the claims that follow.