Abstract:
A sequential compression and temperature therapy blanket with a plurality of air chambers is disclosed. The air chambers are filled and released by a valve assembly that may be separate from or integrated within the blanket. The temperature therapy blanket includes a fluid bladder for delivering hot and/or cold therapy to a patient. The temperature therapy blanket may also include an air bladder for providing compression. This Abstract is provided to comply with rules requiring an Abstract that allows a searcher or other reader to quickly ascertain subject matter of the technical disclosure. This Abstract is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims.

Description:
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS  
       [0001]     The present application claims priority from, and incorporate by reference for any purpose the entire disclosure of, U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/488,709 filed Jul. 18, 2003; 60/550,658 filed Mar. 5, 2004; and [Attorney Docket No. 27889-00089USPL] Serial No. Not Yet Assigned, filed Jul. 16, 2004 entitled “CUSTOMIZED THERMAL THERAPY MODALITY IN A COMPRESSION SEQUENCED THERMAL THERAPY SYSTEM.” This application is also related to, and hereby incorporates by reference, commonly assigned U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,097,829, 5,989,285, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/328,183 filed Jun. 8, 1998. 
     
    
     BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION  
       [0002]     1. Technical Field  
         [0003]     The present invention relates to thermal therapy systems in general, including therapeutic cooling, heating, and compression systems used in association therewith, and more particularly, but not by way of limitation, to a programmable, sequential compression system adapted for high thermal contrast modality, and incorporating multiple, independently controllable chambers in a thermal therapy blanket.  
         [0004]     2. Description of the Related Art  
         [0005]     Medical care providers have long recognized the need to provide warmth and cooling directly to patients as part of their treatment and therapy. Better recoveries have been reported using cold therapy for orthopedic patients. The benefits of warming patients undergoing surgery has been conclusively proven. It is also desirable to cool portions of a patient&#39;s anatomy in certain circumstances. Yet another advantageous therapy is the application of heat then cold to certain areas of injury.  
         [0006]     Several devices have been developed that deliver temperature controlled fluids through pads or convective thermal blankets to achieve the above purpose. Typically these devices have a heating or a cooling element, a source for the fluid, a pump for forcing the fluid through the pad or blanket, and a thermal interface between the patient and the temperature controlled fluid. U.S. Pat. No. 4,884,304 to Elkins is directed to a mattress cover device which contains liquid flow channels which provide the selective heating or cooling by conduction.  
         [0007]     Devices have also been developed for providing heat to a person in bed. Electric blankets containing electric heating elements have been used for years to warm a person in bed.  
         [0008]     Cooling blankets, such as the blanket disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,660,388 to Greene, have also been proposed. Greene discloses a cooling cover having an inflatable pad with plenum chambers at opposite ends thereof. Cool air is generated in a separate unit and directed to the pad and out a number of apertures on the underside of the pad and against the body of the person using the cover.  
         [0009]     A disposable heating or cooling blanket is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,125,238 to Ragan, et al which has three layers of flexible sheeting. Two of the layers form an air chamber and the third includes a comfortable layer for contact with the patient. Conditioned air is directed toward the covered person through a multiplicity of orifices in the bottom layers of the blanket.  
         [0010]     A temperature controlled blanket and bedding assembly is disclosed in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,285 to DeVilbiss et al., the disclosure of which describes a temperature controlled blanket and temperature control bedding system which has the provision of both recirculating temperature controlled fluid and temperature controlled gas to enhance performance for convectively heating or cooling a patient. Counter-flow or co-flow heat exchanging principles between the temperature controlled liquid and the temperature controlled gas achieve temperature uniformity across different sections of the blanket and the bedding system. Drapes and the temperature controlled bedding system provided temperature controlled envelope around a person using the bedding system. In one embodiment of the bedding system, the air portion of the bedding system is provided for use with a patient that supplies the fluid portion of the overall bedding system. In another embodiment of the bedding system, the fluid portion of the bedding system is provided for use with a patient bed which supplies the air portion of the overall bedding system.  
         [0011]     U.S. Pat. No. 5,097,829 to Quisenberry describes an improved temperature controlled fluid circulating system for automatically cooling a temperature controlled fluid in a thermal blanket with a thermoelectric cooling device having a cold side and a hot side when powered by electricity. The temperature controlled fluid is cooled by the cold side of the cooling device and pumped through, to, and from the blanket through first and second conduits.  
       BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION  
       [0012]     The present invention relates to a sequential compression blanket for use with heating or cooling therapy. In one aspect, an embodiment of the blanket comprises a plurality of air chambers and a valve assembly. The valve assembly controls the flow of air to each air chamber in order to provide sequential, pulsing, or constant compression to the patient.  
         [0013]     In another aspect, one embodiment of the invention includes a compression therapy blanket comprising a plurality of gas, such as air, chambers for receiving a gas to cause compressions, a valve assembly, internal to the compression therapy blanket, for delivering gas to each of the plurality of air chambers in a predetermined pattern, an inlet port for delivering air from a control unit to the valve assemblies, and a plurality of connection for delivering gas from the valve assembly to the plurality of gas/air chambers. The plurality of gas/air chambers may comprise four to seven chambers and an electrical signal connection may be provided for transmitting data related to the predetermined pattern to the valve assembly. One embodiment includes the predetermined pattern comprises sequential inflation of the plurality of chambers to produce series of compression movements peripherally toward the heart of a patient, while another embodiment includes inflating two of the plurality of gas/air chambers simultaneously.  
         [0014]     In yet another aspect, the above described compression therapy blanket further comprises a heat transfer fluid bladder for providing temperature therapy to a portion of a patient. The bladder includes a fluid inlet port for delivering heat transfer fluid from the control unit to the heat transfer fluid bladder and a fluid outlet port for delivering heat transfer fluid from the heat transfer fluid bladder to the control unit. The heat transfer fluid bladder delivers thermal therapy to a patient in the form of heat or cold or alternating heat and cold.  
         [0015]     In yet another aspect, one embodiment of the invention includes a temperature therapy blanket comprising, a fluid bladder for housing heat transfer fluid, the fluid bladder having a top layer and a bottom layer, a plurality of connections for dispersing the heat transfer fluid throughout the blanket, the plurality of connections connecting the top layer to the bottom layer of the fluid bladder, at least one partition for directing the flow of the heat transfer fluid through the bladder; and means for providing sequenced flows of alternating heat and cold in a high thermal contrast modality to a patient.  
         [0016]     In another embodiment of the invention, the above-described temperature therapy blanket further comprises an air bladder disposed outwardly of the fluid bladder in an overlapping relationship therewith for providing select compression therapy, the air bladder having an upper layer and a lower layer and an inlet port for providing air from the control unit to the air bladder.  
         [0017]     Yet a further aspect includes one embodiment of the invention comprising a system for passing heat transfer fluid between a control unit and a blanket. The system comprises a reservoir for housing heat transfer fluid for utilization by the system, a flow network in flow communication with the reservoir and including a junction having at least three branches, wherein a first branch receives heat transfer fluid from the reservoir, a second branch receives the heat transfer fluid returning from the blanket, and a third branch for delivering the heat transfer fluid to the blanket, and a pump for creating a low pressure site at the third branch, wherein the low pressure site causes the heat transfer fluid from the second branch to be pulled into the third branch. In one embodiment of the invention, the three-point junction is generally configured as an inverted Y from a fluid flow standpoint. 
     
    
     BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS  
       [0018]     A more complete understanding of the method and apparatus of the present invention may be obtained by reference to the following Detailed Description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying Drawings wherein:  
         [0019]      FIG. 1  is an illustration of the patient therapy system according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0020]      FIG. 2  is a block diagram illustrating the flow of heat transfer fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0021]      FIG. 3  is a block diagram of the control circuitry according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0022]      FIGS. 4A-4C  are block diagrams of thermoelectric device assemblies according to embodiments of the present invention;  
         [0023]      FIGS. 5A-5B  are illustrations of a cross-sectional view of the blanket portion of the patient therapy system according to an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0024]      FIG. 5C  is an illustration of a bottom view of the blanket in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0025]      FIG. 5D  is an illustration of a cross-sectional view of the blanket of  FIG. 5C  in an inverted position relative to  FIG. 5C ;  
         [0026]      FIG. 6A  is an illustration of the valve assembly and sequential compression blanket in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0027]      FIG. 6B  is an illustration of the valve assembly and sequential compression blanket in accordance with an alternate embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0028]      FIG. 6C  is an illustration of the valve assembly of  FIG. 6A  according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0029]      FIG. 6D  is an illustration of the valve assembly of  FIG. 6B  according to an alternate embodiment of the present invention;  
         [0030]      FIGS. 7A-7I  are illustrations of several exemplary embodiments of the patient therapy system of the present invention; and  
         [0031]      FIG. 8  is an illustration of a method of creating and packaging a heat transfer fluid utilized according to an embodiment of the present invention.  
     
    
     DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION  
       [0032]     Referring to  FIG. 1 , there is shown a patient therapy system  2  according to the principles of the present invention. The patient therapy system  2  comprises a control unit  4 , a blanket  8 , and a connector  10 . The blanket  8  further comprises an emergency relief valve  9 . In operation, a heat transfer fluid is deposited in the control unit  4  via an aperture  14 . The heat transfer fluid is cooled or heated by the control unit  4  and pumped to the blanket  8  by connector tubes  6 . The heat transfer fluid flows into the blanket  8  through an inlet port, and exits through an outlet port to the control unit  4  via the connector  10  and connector tubes  6 . Similarly, a gas may be pumped by the control unit  4  to the blanket  8  through the connector tubes  6  and the connector  10  to provide compression therapy. In addition, additional connector tubes  6  may be present to allow for both heat transfer fluid and gas to be passed to the blanket for simultaneous temperature therapy and compression therapy.  
         [0033]     The control unit  4  receives data and manipulates any one of a plurality of therapeutic characteristics of the blanket  8  based on the data. The blanket  8  is adapted for the administration of hot, cold, and/or compression therapies to a body portion of the patient. For example, the blanket  8  may extend from the fingertips to the shoulder, the toes to the hip, or various other configurations. Current thermal design requirements for temperature therapy in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention are as follows: 1) the system must be able to heat the fluid from around 49° F. to around 105° F. with the largest blanket attached to a typical man at an ambient of 77° F. within 10 minutes, 2) the system must be able to cool the fluid from 105° F. to 49° F. with the largest blanket attached to a typical man at an ambient of 77° F. within 20 minutes, and 3) the system must cool the fluid to 37° F. at an ambient of 77° F. within 90 minutes. These requirements should be with a minimum compression of 25 mm Hg. In addition, according to some embodiments, the blanket  8  may diffuse oxygen into the portion of the body. The connector  10  provides a fluid and/or gas connection between the control unit  4  and the blanket  8  for the transfer of gas and heat transfer fluid. The connector  10  may also allow for transfer of electrical sensor signals and/or data signals between the blanket  8  and the control unit  4 . The emergency relief valve  9  is utilized to quickly decompress the blanket  8  if needed.  
         [0034]     Referring now to  FIG. 2 , a block diagram of one embodiment of the flow of heat transfer fluid between the control unit  4  and the blanket  8  is illustrated. The control unit  4  includes a heat transfer fluid reservoir  200  and at least one heat transfer assembly (HTA)  202  for heating and/or cooling the heat transfer fluid. Before the blanket  8  is utilized for temperature therapy, the system is primed with the heat transfer fluid. When the system is primed, substantially no air exists in the tubes  204  between the reservoir  200 , HTA  202 , and blanket  8 . The flow tubes in the control unit  4  between the reservoir  200 , HTA  202 , and blanket  8  form a three-point junction  204 C. In the preferred embodiment, the three-point junction  204 C is formed as an inverted Y, however, other shapes and orientations are possible. By utilizing a three-point junction  204 C, the heat transfer fluid returning from the blanket  8  is recirculated to the HTA  202  without utilizing heat transfer fluid from the reservoir  200 . The three-point junction  204 C allows the HTA  202  to heat or cool the heat transfer fluid that has already been heated or cooled prior to entering the blanket  8 . In the preferred embodiment, the HTA  202  does not heat or cool the entire contents of the reservoir  200 , but merely the portion of the heat transfer fluid that is currently circulating through the blanket  8  and tubing  204 . In essence, the reservoir is generally “bypassed” unless more fluid volume is needed. In the three-point junction  204 C, heat transfer fluid returning from the blanket  8  may be pulled, via a pump, to the HTA  202 . If more heat transfer fluid than that which is already circulating through the system is required, then the heat transfer fluid from the reservoir is introduced into the system.  
         [0035]     Referring now to  FIG. 3 , and more specifically to the control unit  4 , control circuitry  300  according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The control circuitry  300  is coupled to pre-cooling and pre-heating circuitry  302 , thermal profile circuitry  304 , patient profile circuitry  306 , time duration circuitry  308 , hot and cold indicator circuitry  310 , and compression profile circuitry  312 . The control circuitry  300  is further coupled to a memory  314 , detection circuitry  316 , warning circuitry  318 , and a backup battery  320 . A display  322  is provided for displaying the output of the control circuitry  300  and for the input of data to control various therapeutic values of the blanket  8 . A dual water and gas reservoir  324  having water and gas reservoir circuitry  326  is further coupled to the control circuitry  300 . Reservoir circuitry  326  is coupled both to the control circuitry  300  and to a plurality of thermal electric coolers  328 . The thermal electric coolers  328  heat and/or cool the heat transfer fluid contained within the fluid/gas reservoir  324 . Coupled to the thermal electric coolers  328 , there is shown a phase plane heat removal system  330 .  
         [0036]     Coupled to the control circuitry  300  is the pre-cooling and pre-heating circuitry  302  which heats and/or cools the temperature of the heat transfer fluid prior to the application of the blanket  8  to the patient. Thermal profile circuitry  304 , patient profile circuitry  306 , and compression profile circuitry  312  allow the user of the patient therapy system  2  to apply compression and/or thermal therapy to a patient according to preset values which depend on the type of injury and physical attributes of the patient. Exemplary attributes of the patient, thermal, and/or compression profiles are illustrated in Table 1 below.  
                               TABLE 1                                   Patient Record   Bytes   Type                           RTC Year   1   character           RTC Month   1   character           RTC Day   1   character           RTC Hour   1   character           RTC Minute   1   character           Coolant Set Temp   2   signed integer           Coolant Temp   2   signed integer           Compression Set   1   unsigned character           Compression Reading   2   unsigned integer           Therapy Mode   1   bit           Compression Switch Status   2   bits           Control Mode   3   bits           Alarms   1   bit                      
 
         [0037]     As illustrated in Table 1, a record of the actual use of the temperature therapy blanket may be recorded by the Year, Month, Day, Hour, and Minute attributes. The temperature therapy settings and compression settings may also be stored via the Coolant Set Temp and Compression Set attributes. The actual temperature and compression may be stored via the Coolant Temp and Compression Reading attributes. The particular therapy mode chosen is assigned to the Therapy Mode attribute. For example, the patient may wish to apply cooling therapy without compression, heat therapy without compression, contrast therapy without compression, cooling therapy with compression, heat therapy with compression, contrast therapy with compression, or compression without temperature therapy. The profiles and usage data may also be sent to a computer or printed for medical records, etc.  
         [0038]     The detection circuitry  316  is coupled to the control circuitry  300  and to the connector  10  of  FIG. 1  to alert the user of whether the connector  10  is properly or improperly connected to the blanket  8 . A disconnect signal may be sent to the control circuitry  300  to warn the user of a problem with the connector  10 . The battery backup  320  supplies power to the control unit  4  during periods when an AC current is not available. The control circuitry  300  may also forward data related to specifics of the temperature and compression therapy to the display  322 . The display  322  may display indicators related to the data from the control circuitry  300  and/or other portions of the system  2 .  
         [0039]     The control circuitry  300 , in conjunction with the memory  314 , thermal profile circuitry  304 , patient profile circuitry  306 , time duration circuitry  308 , and compression profile circuitry  312  provides cooling and heating therapy with a programmable set point between 37 and 66° F. and 90 and 105° F. The control circuitry  300  allows for contrast therapy programmable for alternating between cooling for a predetermined time interval and heating for a predetermined time interval, or constant therapy for only heating or only cooling for a predetermined time interval. The control circuitry  300  also allows for compression therapy separate from, or in conjunction with, the contrast or constant thermal therapy. Compression therapy enhances thermal contact for more efficient thermal transfer with the tissue under therapy. The compression therapy may also provide pulse compression by alternating between a plurality of chosen pressure levels to gently, but firmly pulse massage the tissue. Compression therapy that sequentially compresses a portion of the patient under therapy may also be initiated from the control circuitry  300 . Further, the control circuitry  300 , in conjunction with the memory  314 , may provide optional electronic recording of therapy patient identification and chosen thermal, contrast, constant, compression, and/or oxygen treatment levels applied with time indicators and duration indicators of each treatment mode as noted above with respect to Table 1. The patient may optionally readout, print, and/or electronically retain the therapy patient record within the memory  50 . Moreover, the control circuitry  300  may provide a bio-impedance measurement to estimate the total body water content to assess hydration conditions. Also, an exemplary embodiment of the patient therapy system  2  of  FIG. 1  may provide electronic muscle stimulation to accelerate return of muscle condition to normal.  
         [0040]     Referring now to  FIG. 4A , there is shown a diagrammatic schematic of one embodiment of an improved thermoelectric device assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the principles of the present invention. The TEC of this particular embodiment incorporates a layer of gold that interfaces with the ceramic. This particular interface affords the necessary strength to connect the ceramic directly to the billets for a high thermal contrast modality in accordance with certain aspects of the present invention. With such a design, a much higher thermal contrast modality and thermal cycle capability is achieved. Moreover, it has been suggested by Applicants herein that with such an assembly, approximately 100,000 heating and cooling cycles may be possible in the high thermal contrast modality. The present embodiment affords an arrangement of the appropriate TEC interface materials with the heat exchanger to optimize the ability to accept high thermal contrast through thousands of cycles manifesting extreme expansion and contraction as is inherent in high contrast thermal systems. The utilization of thermal grease between the TEC and the heat sink and manifold is currently contemplated. It has further been recognized that the layer of gold appears to reduce the stress on the solder joints within the TEC. A more robust connection is thus afforded between the ceramic and the other elements inside the TEC. It has further been recognized that the use of thermal grease instead of plastics and the like is preferable in at least one embodiment of the present invention.  
         [0041]     Referring now to  FIG. 4B , a diagrammatic schematic illustrates thermal cycling with the TEC capable of withstanding the stresses of thermal cycling. The TEC is capable of withstanding the stresses of thermal cycling during normal operation at the following conditions: 150 PSI loading, ΔT in the cooling mode, cool side=15° C.; hot side=60° C. With such an embodiment, the following performance matrix may be realized: Thermal characteristics: Q max ≧52 Watts at 25° C.  
         [0042]     Referring now to  FIG. 4C , physical characteristics of one embodiment of the present invention are illustrated. The leads and perimeter of the TEC must be sealed with a sealant that will meet the following: AC Hipot of 1700 VAC for 1 minute with the TEC&#39;s sandwiched between two ground planes and a leakage requirement of ≦10 mA at 1700 VAC. It is preferable for the sealants used for the leads and the perimeter to be of similar materials.  
         [0043]     Referring now to  FIG. 5A , there is shown the connector  10  of  FIG. 1  connected to the therapy blanket  8 . A plurality of connections  15  extend throughout the interior of the fluid bladder of blanket  8  so as to avoid all concentration of fluid in one portion of the therapy blanket  8 . Layer  18  is a layer of a gas/fluid impermeable material and layer  20  is a second layer of gas/fluid impermeable material. A first bladder, defined by layers  18  and  20 , contains heat transfer fluid from the water/gas reservoir  324  (via tubes  500  and  502 ) while the second bladder, which is defined by layers  20  and  16 , receives gas (via tube  504 ). A single connection  15  is formed by sealing layers  18  and  20  one to another. Layers  16 ,  18 , and  20  are sealed one to another along their periphery.  
         [0044]     In an exemplary embodiment shown in  FIG. 5B , gas permeable layer  28  is coupled beneath the gas bladder and fluid bladder of  FIG. 5A . Layer  28  may be sealed contiguous with the periphery of the gas bladder and fluid bladder of  FIG. 5A . A tube  26  injects oxygen into the gas permeable layer  28  for diffusion along a surface of the patient via a series of diffusion holes  30  formed in layer  28 . One method of providing oxygen to an injured portion of a patient is described in the aforementioned U.S. Pat. No. 5,989,285 to DeVilbiss et al.  
         [0045]     Referring now to  FIG. 5C , a temperature therapy blanket  8  having a pre-selected shape and compression capabilities is illustrated. The underside of the blanket  8  (shown) is placed directly against a portion of the patient. The fluid bladder is thus adjacent the patient. Heat transfer fluid flows into the blanket  8  from inlet hose  500  and heat transfer fluid flows out of the blanket via outlet hose  502 . A gas, for compression, flows into the blanket  8  from air inlet hose  504 . The air inlet hose  504  may also be utilized to provide oxygen for oxygenation purposes. Alternatively, oxygenation gas may be provided by a separate hose. Heat transfer fluid travels through the inlet hose  500 , through fluid inlet port  506 , and into the blanket  8 . The connections  15  allow the heat transfer fluid to evenly disperse throughout the fluid bladder. Partitions  508   a ,  508   b  control the flow of heat transfer fluid throughout the fluid bladder. Partition  508   a  prevents heat transfer fluid from entering the blanket  8  at the inlet port  506  and immediately exiting the blanket via outlet port  510 . Partition  508   a  forces the heat transfer fluid to travel towards the end of the blanket  8  remote from the inlet port  506 . Partition  508   b , in conjunction with connections  15 , causes the heat transfer fluid to travel across the width of the blanket  8 . The edges of the fluid bladder are joined to the edges of the air bladder at seal  512 . The heat transfer fluid may then exit the blanket  8  at the outlet port  510 . The travel of the heat transfer fluid is indicated by arrows in  FIGS. 5C and 5D .  
         [0046]     Referring now to  FIG. 5D , the blanket  8  is turned over relative to  FIG. 5C  and a cross-sectional view along line A-A of  FIG. 5C  is illustrated. As described above, the fluid bladder  514  (disposed against the patient) and air bladder  516  are joined together at seal  512 . Connections  15  join the upper layer and lower layer of the fluid bladder  514  together. The partition  508   a  segregates the heat transfer fluid from the inlet port  506 , illustrated by the downward arrows, from the heat transfer fluid flowing to the outlet port, illustrated by the upward arrows. The air bladder  516  is oriented over the fluid bladder  514  to press the fluid bladder  514  against a portion of the patient (not shown in this view).  
         [0047]     Referring now to  FIG. 6A , a sequential compression blanket  8  in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The sequential compression blanket  8  may also include temperature therapy as illustrated above, or the sequential compression blanket  8  may be a stand alone blanket that may be applied directly to a surface of a patient or over a temperature therapy blanket. The sequential compression blanket  8  includes a plurality of air chambers  602  with inlet lines  604  for each air chamber  602 . In the preferred embodiment, the blanket  8  includes four to seven air chambers  602 , although more or fewer air chambers  602  may be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present invention. Tubing  606  connects the inlet lines  604  to a valve assembly  608  that is separate from both the blanket  8  and the control unit  4 . Additional tubing  610  connects the valve assembly  608  to the control unit  4 . The valve assembly  608  operates to control the flow of air to each chamber  602  via valves (not shown) that allow air flow to the tubing  606  for each air chamber  602 . The valve assembly  608  may operate to provide sequential compression in a first direction by first filling and releasing air chamber  602   a , next filling and releasing air chamber  602   b , and lastly filling and releasing air chamber  602   c . The valve assembly  608  may operate to provide sequential compression in the opposite direction by first filling and releasing air chamber  604   c , next filling and releasing air chamber  604   b , and lastly filling and releasing air chamber  604   a . Alternatively, the valve assembly  608  may provide pulsing compression by substantially simultaneously filling the air chambers  602  and, a predetermined time interval later, releasing the air chambers  602 . Although the above embodiment illustrates specific sequential and pulsing compression techniques, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that numerous compression techniques may be utilized without departing from aspects of the present invention. For example, multiple air chambers  602  may be filled simultaneously or compression could be applied by first filling air chamber  602   a , next filling air chamber  602   b , lastly filling air chamber  602   c , and releasing the air chambers  602  substantially simultaneously. In various embodiments, the air chambers  602  are sequenced to provide movement peripherally toward the heart.  
         [0048]     The valve assembly  608  receives sequencing instructions from an electrical line  612  that connects to the control unit  4 . The electrical line  612  may also provide for communication of other data, such as sensor data or oxygenation data, between the blanket  8  and the control unit  4 . For example, the blanket  8  may include temperature sensors to determine the temperature of the heat transfer fluid within the blanket  8 . The sensor data is then transmitted to the control unit  4 , via the electrical line  612 , so that the control unit  4  may adjust the cooling or heating of the heat transfer fluid as necessary.  
         [0049]     Referring now to  FIG. 6B , an alternate embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. This embodiment includes a valve assembly  608  that is internal to the sequential compression blanket  8  and four air chambers  602  within the sequential compression blanket  8 , although the amount of air chambers may vary from blanket to blanket. The valve assembly  608  functions in a manner similar to the valve assembly  608  of  FIG. 6A  except that an additional valve is provided for the fourth air chamber  602   d  and tubing  606   d . The valve assembly  608  and tubing  606  are internal to the sequential compression blanket  8 . Therefore, the only item visible to a patient is the tubing  610  that exits the sequential compression blanket  8  and connects to the control unit  4 . Although the sequential compression blanket  8  has been illustrated as a substantially rectangular blanket, it will be understood by one skilled in the art that the blanket  8  may be formed in any shape to conform to any portion of a patient&#39;s body, such as a shoulder, wrist, foot, neck, back, etc.  
         [0050]     Referring now to  FIGS. 6C-6D , alternate embodiments of the sequential compression blanket  8  is illustrated. The blanket as shown also includes a fluid bladder with an inlet fluid tube  614  and outlet fluid tube  616 . The compression functions similarly to that described in  FIGS. 6A and 6B  except that the compression bladder presses the fluid bladder onto a portion of the patient. The fluid bladder may be similar to that illustrated in  FIGS. 5A-5D , although other configurations of fluid bladders may be utilized in conjunction with the compression blanket of embodiments of the present invention.  
         [0051]     Referring now to  FIGS. 7A-7I , various configurations of the blanket  8  adaptable to various portions of a patient body are illustrated. Although the blankets  8  are illustrated with a specific configuration of tubing, connectors, fasteners, etc., it will be understood by one skilled in the art that other configurations may be utilized in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.  
         [0052]     Referring now to  FIG. 8 , a method of creating and packaging a heat transfer fluid according to an embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. Although the heat transfer fluid described below may be utilized with the present invention, other heat transfer fluids may also be utilized in conjunction with the system of the present invention. In the preferred embodiment, the heat transfer fluid incorporates water with propylene glycol. A 15% solution of propylene glycol with distilled water is suggested to reduce the freezing set point within the heat transfer fluid and to eliminate the accumulation of bacteria. At step  800 , distilled water is provided. At step  802 , monopropylene glycol is provided and is mixed with the water at step  804 . The distilled water and monopropylene glycol may be mixed in a ratio of about 15% monopropylene glycol and 85% distilled water. The mixture is packaged at step  806  and installed at step  808 .  
         [0053]     The previous description is of a preferred embodiment for implementing the invention, and the scope of the invention should not necessarily be limited by this description. The scope of the present invention is instead defined by the following claims.