質問: WWWJDIC does not tally their meanings of 掛ける and 掛かる so i find it hard for a beginner like me to properly learn these 2 words.. Do all these meanings of 掛ける and 掛かる tally: (is this list correct): 1a) to hang 地図を掛ける 1b) to be hung 地図が掛かる 2a) to take (time/money) 時間を掛ける 2b) to be taken.. 時間が掛かる 3a) to multiply 2と3を掛ける 3b) to be multiplied2と3が掛かる 4a) to wear (glasses/necklace) ネックレスを掛ける 4b) to be worn.. ネックレスが掛かる 5a) to make a call 電話を掛ける 5b) to be made.. 電話が掛かる 6a) to make an insurance 保険を掛ける 6b) to be made.. 保険が掛かる 7a) to set (engine/alarm) into "on" mode テープレコーダを掛ける 7b) to be set.. テープレコーダが掛かる 8a) to fix (toothache/headache) 頭痛を掛ける 8b) to be fixed.. 頭痛が掛かる 9a) to lock 鍵を掛ける 9b) to be locked.. 鍵が掛かる 10a) to secure (seatbelt) シートベルトを掛ける 10b) to be secured.. シートベルトが掛かる 11a) to apply (salt/toppings) 塩を掛ける 11b) to be applied.. 塩が掛かる 12a) to spread over/around (cloth/dust/tape) テープを掛ける 12b) to be spread.. テープが掛かる 13a) to cast (spell) 魔法を掛ける 13b) to be cast.. 魔法が掛かる 14a) to trick (someone) トムを掛ける 14b) to be tricked.. トムが掛かる 15a) to have a feeling (pity/hope) 情けを掛ける 15b) to be felt.. 情けが掛かる 16a) to present (someone to court / idea to conference) 質問を掛ける 16b) to be presented.. 質問が掛かる --- Is it true that the **only** meaning that is not available in both 掛かる and 掛ける, is: 1. to depend on (someone/something) 我々が彼の手伝いに掛かる --- PS: if some of the example phrases are wrong please correct me thx! PS: i think i will leave out "standard phrases" out of the discussion, like: 腰を掛ける, 迷惑を掛ける, お目に掛かる
回答: There are a few of these uses that I'm not familiar with, but the uses I do know all look ok to me (yes meaning both transitive/intransitive forms ok). Sorry this is not a complete answer: 1. Yes 2. Yes 3. Yes 4. Yes - I've never heard it used with necklace, but definitely with megane. 5. Yes 6. not familiar with this usage 7. Yes 8. not familiar with this usage 9. Yes 10. Yes (9 & 10 could be considered the same - secure a seat belt, secure a lock) 11. Yes 12. Yes, but it 12b looks like a typo - I assume you meant テープが掛かる 13. Yes 14. Yes 15. not familiar with this usage 16. not familiar with this usage I'm not a grammar expert, but it doesn't seem to me that the "depend on" usage is an exception to the rule either. I don't think it would sound funny to say "あなたに掛けている", we're counting on you (or we're betting on you?).