質問: The two documents are: * 万葉集 * 古今和歌集/巻一 I am not a reader of Japanese yet, I am more gathering some literature I can use for learning. But these have some strange formatting not being familiar with the language, and I was wondering if you could show me which part is the *actual text*. In the first document, we have stuff like this: ``` [歌番号]01/0001 [題詞]雜歌 / 泊瀬朝倉宮御宇天皇代 [<大>泊瀬稚武天皇] / 天皇御製歌 [原文]篭毛與 美篭母乳 布久思毛與 美夫君志持 此岳尓 菜採須兒 家吉閑名 告<紗>根 虚見津 山跡乃國者 押奈戸手 吾許曽居 師<吉>名倍手 吾己曽座 我<許>背齒 告目 家呼毛名雄母 [訓読]篭もよ み篭持ち 堀串もよ み堀串持ち この岡に 菜摘ます子 家聞かな 告らさね そらみつ 大和の国は おしなべて 我れこそ居れ しきなべて 我れこそ座せ 我れこそば 告らめ 家をも名をも [仮名]こもよ みこもち ふくしもよ みぶくしもち このをかに なつますこ いへきかな のらさね そらみつ やまとのくには おしなべて われこそをれ しきなべて われこそませ われこそば のらめ いへをもなをも [左注]なし 校異]雑歌 [元][紀] <> / 太 -> 大 [紀][冷][文] / 吉 [玉小琴(楓) 告 /沙 -> 紗 [元][類][冷] / 告 -> 吉 [玉小琴] / 許者 -> 許 [元][類][古] [事項]雑歌 作者:雄略天皇 朝倉宮 野遊び 演劇 妻問媿 予祝 枕詞 地名 奈良 [訓異]こもよ[寛], みこもち[寛], ふくしもよ[寛], みぶくしもち,[寛]みふくしもち, このをかに[寛], なつますこ,[寛]なつむすこ, いへきかな[寛], のらさね,[寛]つけさね, そらみつ[寛], やまとのくには[寛], おしなべて,[寛]おしなへて, われこそをれ,[寛]われこそをらし, しきなべて,[寛]つけなへて, われこそませ[略],[寛]われこそをらし, われこそば,[寛]われこそは, のらめ,[寛]せなにはつけめ, いへをもなをも[寛], ``` In the second, we have: ``` 00004 [詞書]二条のきさきのはるのはしめの御うた 二条のきさき 雪の内に春はきにけりうくひすのこほれる涙今やとくらむ ゆきのうちに-はるはきにけり-うくひすの-こほれるなみた-いまやとくらむ ``` In the first, the brackets seem to be labels such as "name" and "title" and such. So those can be filtered out. But what about towards the end? Also, it looks like the 3-5 ones are the actual text, in pure Kanji, and then all the way to pure Kana, though I'm not sure. In the second, is it just the last two lines that matter? What are the first two lines?
回答: ### First, some context The modern Japanese writing system consists of three types of characters. First you have the oldest type called the *kanji*, which literally translates to *characters of Han* (from the Han dynasty). As you can guess, these are Chinese characters (traditional, not simplified) that were adopted by the Japanese because they simply didn't have a writing system of their own. Later, some of these characters were used to represent the Japanese language phonetically. Rather than representing an idea or definition, these characters would now represent specific pronunciations so that the Japanese could now write phonetically as well. While this was a useful idea, the characters themselves were still cumbersome to write repeatedly. This subset of characters were called the *manyōgana* (same manyō as in the name of that first text you linked). This brings us to the remaining two types of characters: *hiragana* and *katakana*. These two types of characters both originate from the original manyōgana, but were simplified in two different ways. The hiragana were developed by cursively writing manyōgana, ultimately becoming proper characters themselves. The katakana, however, were partial manyōgana or shorthand forms of manyōgana that became proper characters. See the Wiki pages on kanji, kana and manyōgana if you'd like to know more. ### Now, to answer your question Both texts are collections of classical Japanese poems, called waka. For the first one「万葉集」, the actual text is shown in three different ways, each of which has its own tag: [原文], [訓読] and [仮名]. The first tag indicates the source text, written in manyōgana (i.e., phonetic kanji). The second tag indicates that the manyōgana have been replaced with their modern kana variants (if they have one). Finally, the third tag indicates that the entire source text has been re-written in kana. For the「古今和歌集」, the number indicates the poem's index, the [詞書] tag precedes the foreword or context for the poem. Underneath the foreword is the name of the poet who wrote the poem and finally you get to the actual poem itself. The exception here is the very first subpage titled 仮名序, which itself is the preface or introduction to the collection of poems. Hope this helps!