質問: if節の仮定法、倒置と分詞構文 had he had time, he could have talked with us. この文章は倒置の仮定法ですが、以下のように 分詞構文で書いても、同じように仮定法としてみなされますか? having had time, he could have talked with us. 次の文(分詞構文で代用例)の成り立ちを見て疑問に思いました。 born in better times, he would have become a great sceientist. (=if he had been born,) having beenを省略した例です。 回答よろしくお願いします。
回答: had he had time, he could/would have はもし時間があればxxxした、という決まり文句的な表現法です。 さて、having had time, は「時間があったので」というような意味になります。not having と否定で使われることが多い形ですが。 • in 1914, lenin told a visitor that he planned to read the war in the air, not having had time for it before. • having had time to wake properly and also time for some smokes and several cups of tea i was dragged off to the afore mentioned market to pick up some more provisions. そのため if ... という意味合いに用いるのは無理ということになってしまいます。born in better times, ですと better という言葉があるために if ... という意味にもなるわけなのですが... 文法と言うより文章論です。