質問: Proxima Centauriのヘリウム含有量を推定する必要があるとします。 まず、太陽(source)のヘリウムの含有量を計算します。 $ 2.10 ^ {30の $ 24.85 $ %} $ kg。 ほとんどすべてのエネルギーは、陽子-陽子(PP)チェーンメカニズムによる水素のヘリウムへの核融合の生成物によって生成され、Proxima Centauriの光度は $ 0.00005です。\L_☉$ 。 したがって、ヘリウム含有量は $ 0.00005 * 0.2485 * 2 * 10 ^ {30} $ であると言ってよい近似でしょうか? ヘリウム含有量を推定するより良い方法を提案しますか?
回答: Nearly all the helium in the photosphere of the sun comes from the helium in the interstellar gas that collapsed to form the sun. That helium was produced shortly after the Big Bang (in about the first 20 minutes) while the universe was hot and dense enough for hydrogen to fuse to helium. That produces a universe in which ordinary matter is about 25% helium and 75% hydrogen. (by mass) Over the eons, the gas is enriched in helium somewhat by previous stars to about 27% helium. The outer layers of the sun still have this 25%-75% composition. Some of the helium has settled under gravity, reducing the composition of the photosphere to your 24.85% helium. The core is enriched in helium by fusion reactions. It isn't constant. The outer core is about 30% helium. The inner core has as much as 65% helium. The average composition is about 28% helium, only slightly more than what it started with. Proxima Centauri is fully convective, which means that helium from the core gets mixed up through the whole star. But it is such a dim candle that it has hardly produced any more helium than when it formed: about 27%. So for any star, no matter how bright or dim (with a few exceptions) the helium composition is about 25%, or a little more.