質問: ð§ñð3⁄4 ñð°ðoð3⁄4ðμ â«ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ñâ», ðoð3⁄4ð3ð ́ð° ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ð° ð¿ñð3⁄4ð ̧ññ ð3⁄4ð ́ð ̧ñ ð ̧ ð¿ð3⁄4ñðμð1⁄4ñ ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ð° ð2ð°ð¶ð1⁄2ð°?
回答: ðð1⁄2ðμ ð·ð°ð2ð ̧ñð ̧ð1⁄4ð3⁄4ññð ̧ ð3⁄4ñ ñð3⁄4ð3ð3⁄4, ð1⁄2ð°ñð ̧ð1⁄2ð°ðμñðμ ð»ð ̧ ð2ñ ð·ð°ð ́ñð1⁄4ñð2ð°ññññ ð3⁄4 ñðμð±ðμð1⁄2ðoðμ ð ̧ð»ð ̧ ñð¶ðμ ð¿ññð°ðμñðμññ ð·ð°ð±ðμñðμð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ðμññ, ð»ñññðμðμ ð¿ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ð ̧ð1⁄4ð°ð1⁄2ð ̧ðμ ð2ð°ñðμð3ð3⁄4 ð3⁄4ñð3ð°ð1⁄2ð ̧ð·ð1⁄4ð° ð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð¶ðμñ ð·ð1⁄2ð°ñð ̧ñðμð»ñð1⁄2ð3⁄4 ð¿ð3⁄4ð1⁄4ð3⁄4ññ ð2ð°ð1⁄4 ð2 ññð3⁄4ð1⁄4. ðð°ð¶ð ́ð°ñ ð2ñð3⁄4ñð°ñ ð¿ð°ñð° ð¿ññð°ðμñññ ð·ð°ñð°ññ ñðμð±ðμð1⁄2ðoð° ð1⁄2ðμ ð2 ñðμ ð ́ð1⁄2ð ̧ ð¶ðμð1⁄2ñðoð3⁄4ð3ð3⁄4 ñð ̧ðoð»ð°i. ðð3⁄4ññð3⁄4ð1⁄4ñ ð1⁄4ñ ñð3⁄4ð±ñð°ð»ð ̧ ð1⁄2ðμðoð3⁄4ñð3⁄4ñññ ð ̧ð1⁄2ñð3⁄4ñð1⁄4ð°ñð ̧ñ, ðoð3⁄4ñð3⁄4ñð°ñ ð¿ð3⁄4ð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð¶ðμñ ð2ð°ð1⁄4 ð¿ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ñññ ñð2ð3⁄4ð1 ð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ññññð°ð»ñð1⁄2ñð1 ñð ̧ðoð» ð ̧ ð¿ñð3⁄4ñðμññ ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ð ̧. ðð2ñð»ññð ̧ñ ð¿ñð3⁄4ð ̧ññ ð3⁄4ð ́ð ̧ñ ñð3⁄4ð3ð ́ð°, ðoð3⁄4ð3ð ́ð° ð2ñð»ðμð ́ññð2ð ̧ðμ ð3ð3⁄4ñð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ð°ð»ñð1⁄2ññ ð ̧ð·ð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ðμð1⁄2ð ̧ð1 ñð ̧ñð1⁄2ð ̧ðoð ̧ ð2ññð2ð3⁄4ð±ð3⁄4ð¶ð ́ð°ññ ñð1ñðμðoð»ðμñðoñ. ðñð3⁄4 ð¿ñð3⁄4ð ̧ññ ð3⁄4ð ́ð ̧ñ, ðoð°ðo ð¿ñð°ð2ð ̧ð»ð3⁄4, ð·ð° 12â16 ð ́ð1⁄2ðμð1 ð ́ð3⁄4 ð1⁄2ð°ñð°ð»ð° ñð»ðμð ́ñññðμð1 ð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ññññð°ñð ̧ð ̧. ðð°ð ̧ð±ð3⁄4ð»ññð°ñ ð2ðμñð3⁄4ññð1⁄2ð3⁄4ñññ ð·ð°ñð°ñð ̧ñ ð¿ñð ̧ñ ð3⁄4ð ́ð ̧ñññ ð1⁄2ð° ð1⁄2ðμñðoð3⁄4ð»ñðoð3⁄4 ð ́ð1⁄2ðμð1 ð ́ð3⁄4 ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ð ̧ ð ̧ ð2 ð ́ðμð1⁄2ñ ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ð ̧. ð ̄ð1ñðμðoð»ðμñðoð ̧ ð1⁄2ð°ñ ð3⁄4ð ́ññññ ð2 ñð ̧ñð1⁄2ð ̧ðoð°ñ . ð ð¿ðμñð2ð3⁄4ð1 ð¿ð3⁄4ð»ð3⁄4ð2ð ̧ð1⁄2ðμ ð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ññññð°ð»ñð1⁄2ð3⁄4ð3ð3⁄4 ñð ̧ðoð»ð° ð3⁄4ð ́ð1⁄2ð° ð ̧ð· ñð1ñðμðoð»ðμñð3⁄4ðo ð¿ð3⁄4ð ́ð3ð3⁄4ñð°ð2ð»ð ̧ð2ð°ðμñññ ð ́ð»ñ ð2ññ ð3⁄4ð ́ð° ð ̧ð· ñð ̧ñð1⁄2ð ̧ðoð°. ðð3⁄4 ð1⁄4ðμñðμ ñð3⁄4ð3ð3⁄4, ðoð°ðo ð¿ñð ̧ð±ð»ð ̧ð¶ð°ðμñññ ð2ñðμð1⁄4ñ ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ð ̧, ð2ð°ñ ð3⁄4ñð3ð°ð1⁄2ð ̧ð·ð1⁄4 ð2ññð°ð±ð°ññð2ð°ðμñ ð±ð3⁄4ð»ññðμ ññññð3⁄4ð3ðμð1⁄2ð°. ðñð3⁄4ñ ð3ð3⁄4ñð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð1⁄2 ð¿ñð ̧ð2ð3⁄4ð ́ð ̧ñ ðo ññð3⁄4ð»ñðμð1⁄2ð ̧ñ ñð»ð ̧ð·ð ̧ññð3⁄4ð1 ð3⁄4ð±ð3⁄4ð»ð3⁄4ñðoð ̧ ð¿ð3⁄4ð»ð3⁄4ññð ̧ ð1⁄4ð°ñðoð ̧ ð ̧ ñð3⁄4ð·ð ́ð°ðμñ ð±ð»ð°ð3ð3⁄4ð¿ñð ̧ññð1⁄2ññ ññðμð ́ñ ð ́ð»ñ ñð¿ðμñð1⁄4ð°ñð3⁄4ð·ð3⁄4ð ̧ð ́ð3⁄4ð2. ðññð3⁄4ðoð ̧ð1 ññð3⁄4ð2ðμð1⁄2ñ ññññð3⁄4ð3ðμð1⁄2ð° ð2ñð·ñð2ð°ðμñ ñðμð·ðoð3⁄4ðμ ð¿ð3⁄4ð2ññðμð1⁄2ð ̧ðμ ð ̧ð»ð ̧ ð2ñð¿ð»ðμñðo ð»ññðμð ̧ð1⁄2ð ̧ð·ð ̧ññññðμð3ð3⁄4 ð3ð3⁄4ñð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ð° (ðð), ðoð3⁄4ñð3⁄4ññð1 ð2 ñð2ð3⁄4ñ ð3⁄4ñðμñðμð ́ñ ñð¿ð3⁄4ñð3⁄4ð±ññð2ñðμñ ð2ññð2ð3⁄4ð±ð3⁄4ð¶ð ́ðμð1⁄2ð ̧ñ ñð1ñðμðoð»ðμñðoð ̧ ð ̧ð· ñð ̧ñð1⁄2ð ̧ðoð°, ññð3⁄4 ð ̧ ð1⁄2ð°ð·ñð2ð°ðμñññ ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ðμð1. ðð°ðo ð¿ñð°ð2ð ̧ð»ð3⁄4, ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ñ ð¿ñð3⁄4ð ̧ññ ð3⁄4ð ́ð ̧ñ ñðμñðμð· 24â36 ñð°ñð3⁄4ð2 ð¿ð3⁄4ñð»ðμ ð2ñð¿ð»ðμñðoð° ðð. ð¢ð°ðoð ̧ð1⁄4 ð3⁄4ð±ñð°ð·ð3⁄4ð1⁄4, ñð°ð1⁄4ð°ñ ð2ññð3⁄4ðoð°ñ ð2ðμñð3⁄4ññð1⁄2ð3⁄4ñññ ð·ð°ñð°ñð ̧ñ (ñðμññð ̧ð»ñð1⁄2ð3⁄4ñññ) ð1⁄2ð°ð±ð»ñð ́ð°ðμñññ ð2 ð ́ðμð1⁄2ñ ð2ñð¿ð»ðμñðoð° ðð ð ̧ ð1⁄2ð° ñð»ðμð ́ñññð ̧ð1 ð ́ðμð1⁄2ñ. ð ̄ð1ñðμðoð»ðμñðoð° ð¶ð ̧ð2ðμñ ð2 ñðμñðμð1⁄2ð ̧ðμ 24 ñð°ñð3⁄4ð2 ð¿ð3⁄4ñð»ðμ ð3⁄4ð2ñð»ññð ̧ð ̧. ðð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ð1⁄2ð3⁄4 ð2 ññð3⁄4 ð2ñðμð1⁄4ñ ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ð° ð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð¶ðμñ ð±ñññ ð3⁄4ð¿ð»ð3⁄4ð ́ð3⁄4ñð2ð3⁄4ñðμð1⁄2ð°. ðñð»ð ̧ ð3⁄4ð¿ð»ð3⁄4ð ́ð3⁄4ñð2ð3⁄4ñðμð1⁄2ð ̧ñ ð1⁄2ðμ ð¿ñð3⁄4ð ̧ññ ð3⁄4ð ́ð ̧ñ, ññð3⁄4ð2ðμð1⁄2ñ ð3ð3⁄4ñð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ð3⁄4ð2 ñðμññð ̧ð»ñð1⁄2ð3⁄4ññð ̧ ð¿ð°ð ́ð°ðμñ, ð ̧ ð3⁄4ññð3⁄4ñð¶ðμð1⁄2ð ̧ðμ ññð3⁄4ð»ñðμð1⁄2ð1⁄2ð3⁄4ð1 ñð»ð ̧ð·ð ̧ññð3⁄4ð1 ð3⁄4ð±ð3⁄4ð»ð3⁄4ñðoð ̧ ð¿ð3⁄4ð»ð3⁄4ññð ̧ ð1⁄4ð°ñðoð ̧ (ð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ññññð°ñð ̧ñ) ð·ð1⁄2ð°ð1⁄4ðμð1⁄2ñðμñ ñð3⁄4ð±ð3⁄4ð1 ð1⁄2ð°ñð°ð»ð3⁄4 ð1⁄2ð3⁄4ð2ð3⁄4ð3ð3⁄4 ñð ̧ðoð»ð°. ððμñð1⁄4ð3⁄4ñññ ð1⁄2ð° ñð3⁄4, ññð3⁄4 ñð1ñðμðoð»ðμñðoð° ð¶ð ̧ð2ðμñ ð3⁄4ðoð3⁄4ð»ð3⁄4 24 ñð°ñð3⁄4ð2, ñð¿ðμñð1⁄4ð°ñð3⁄4ð·ð3⁄4ð ̧ð ́ñ ð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð3ññ ð±ñññ ð°ðoñð ̧ð2ð1⁄2ñ ð ́ð3⁄4 ð¿ññð ̧ ð ́ð1⁄2ðμð1. ð¢ð°ðoð ̧ð1⁄4 ð3⁄4ð±ñð°ð·ð3⁄4ð1⁄4, ð2ñ ð1⁄4ð3⁄4ð¶ðμñðμ ð·ð°ñð°ññ ñðμð±ðμð1⁄2ðoð° ð ́ð°ð¶ðμ ð¿ñð ̧ ð¿ð3⁄4ð»ð3⁄4ð2ð3⁄4ð1⁄4 ðoð3⁄4ð1⁄2ñð°ðoñðμ ð·ð° 4â5 ð ́ð1⁄2ðμð1 ð ́ð3⁄4 ð2ññð2ð3⁄4ð±ð3⁄4ð¶ð ́ðμð1⁄2ð ̧ñ ñð1ñðμðoð»ðμñðoð ̧. i ð¡. ð . ðð¶ð3⁄4ð1⁄2ñð3⁄4ð1⁄2, ð. ð¤ð3⁄4ññðμñ, ðð¶. ðð»ð»ð ̧ñ, ð¶ññð1⁄2ð°ð» â«ð ðμð¿ñð3⁄4ð ́ñðoñð ̧ñ ñðμð»ð3⁄4ð2ðμðoð°â» (johnson sr, foster l and ellis j. human reproduction) (2011) 26: i236