質問: So prepositions are pretty easy (in my opinion) :) So this will be a good cool down lesson after those compound sentences. **VOCABULARY** From: Kara: から In: No naka ni: の なか に: の中に On: no ue ni: の うえ に: の上に At: Ni: に Of: No japanese word exists for the word "of" in this context Between: No Aida: の あいだ: の間 *NOTE: Aida's back! And this time with a slightly different meaning than last time. In this case Aida now means between two physical items as opposed to meaning "while" which is sort of like between a stretch of time. (using between like that is weird but you get it)* By: no Soba o: の そば を Exists (animate): Iru: いる Exists (inanimate): Aru: ある a person's origin: Shusshin: しゅっしん: 出身 Come: Kuru: くる: 来る *NOTE: now if you remember way back this is an irregular verb! Kuru conjugates from the Ku part of the word into: Kimasu, Kimasen, Kimashita, Kimasendeshita and Kite. **GRAMMAR** So the main thing you want to know is if you're talking about on, in, beside, under, or between things you're going to want to use the possessive particle "no" between the noun that the preposition modifies and the preposition itself. EG: On the book → The books top → Hon no ue ni Between them → Their between → Karera no aida ni Between the cat and dog → the cat and dog's between → Neko to inu no aida ni. In the book → The book's inside → Hon no naka ni You'll notice these all also end in "ni", the particle for "at". That will be true for all sentences of this type EXCEPT when talking about walking on something... or when next to, near, or beside something. **SENTENCES** He is at school. Kare wa gakkou ni imasu かれ は がっこう に います。 彼は学校にいます。 I am in africa. Watashi wa afurika ni imasu. わたし は アフリカ に います。 私はアフリカにいます。 I am from Brazil. Watashi wa buraziru kara kimashita. わたし は ブラジル から きました。 私はブラジルから来ました。 I am from Brazil. Watashi wa buraziru shusshin desu. わたし は ブラジル しゅっしん です。 私はブラジル出身です。 (lit: I'm originally from Brazil) It is on me. Sore wa watashi no ue ni arimasu. それ は わたし の うえ に あります。 それは私の上にあります。 He is between you and me. Kare wa anata to watashi no aida ni imasu. かれ は あなた と わたし の あいだ に います。 彼はあなたと私の間にいます。 The color of the bear is white. Kuma no iro wa shiro desu. くま の いろ は しろ です。 熊の色は白です。 (lit: The bear's color is white) *NOTE: I should really mention, Japanese DOES have a version of "of" but you generally use it when talking about what something is actually made of. EG: the bowl is made of wood. And there isn't actually a Japanese version of "of" that has the same nuance as in the above sentence. You'll find this often in Japanese if you haven't noticed already. And eventually it will become natural to you to see a phrase, rearrange it and remove some needless words and have a comprehensible sentence. Incidentally this is why I have a hard time translating from Japanese to English because I like to translate as word for word as possible... and sometimes it just doesn't work out due to missing words or strange sentence structure.* I am from Spain. Watashi wa supein kara kimashita. わたし は スペイン から きました。 私はスペインから来ました。 I am from Spain. Watashi wa supein shusshin desu. わたし は スペイン しゅっしん です。 私はスペイン出身です。 She is in Africa. Kanojo wa afurika ni imasu. かのじょ は アフリカ に います。 彼女はアフリカにいます。 He walks on water. Kare wa mizu no ue o aruku. かれ は みず の うえ を あるく。 彼は水の上を歩く。 *NOTE: It's kind of strange. But when talking about walking at or on a place you want to use the particle "o" instead of "ni" (which, like me, would be your first inclination to use* Where are they from? Karera wa doko kara kimashita? かれら は どこ から きました。 彼らはどこから来ました。 (lit: where do they come from?) Where are they from? Karera wa doko shusshin desu ka? かれら は どこ しゅっしん です か。 彼らはどこ出身ですか。 (lit: where do they originate?) She is at lunch. Kanojo wa chuushokuchuu desu. かのじょ は ちゅうしょくちゅう です。 彼女は昼食中です。 (lit: She's in the middle of lunch) EDIT: You'll notice that 昼食中 is actually a compound... and so 中 changes it's sound from "naka" to "chuu" She is at lunch. Kanojo wa chuushoku ni itteiru かのじょ は ちゅうしょく に いっている。 彼女は昼食に行っている。 (lit: She's gone to lunch) They are between us Karera wa watashitachi no aida ni imasu. かれら は わたしたち の あいだ に います。 彼らは私たちの間にいます。 He walks next to me. Kare wa watashi no soba o arukimasu. かれ は わたし の そば を あるきます。 彼は私のそばを歩きます。 She is next to it. Kanojo wa sore no soba o imasu. かのじょ は それ の そば を います。 彼女はそれのそばをいます。 It is next to her. sore wa kanojo no soba o arimasu. それ は かのじょ の そば を あります。 それは彼女のそばをあります。 That's it for this lesson. :) I usually cover prepositions fairly early when I teach and I use things like tables and chairs and the like... (searches) ... but it looks like we haven't learned those words yet so we won't be using them yet. :/ I guess. But if you happen to know the words table (teburu) and chair (isu) or any other noun you want to use for that matter you can now talk about them. Just remember the formula: (noun) no (preposition) ni (imasu/arimasu) :) Until next time! Next Lesson Previous lesson First Lesson Table of Contents
回答: Anybody has an Anki or Memrise of this?