質問: "Z makes Y turn X". But in practical usage with 注意を~, I can't tell the difference. Do native speakers just use them interchangeably? Below are both example sentences from alc.co.jp: > > ~に (人) の**注意を向けさせる**: bring ~ to the attention of > > > > > ~に (人) の**注意を向ける**: direct someone's attention to ~ > > > Same particles, and basically the same English translation. There is also a sentence in a Japanese grammar book I'm reading about the sentence-ending particle よ: > > 「よ」の基本的な機能は聞き手の知らないことに**注意を向けさせる**ことにあると言えます。 > > > How would the meaning change if 向ける were used here instead?
回答: 1. 私は黒板に彼の注意を**向けた**。 2. 私は黒板に彼の注意を**向けさせた**。 3. 私は彼に黒板に注意を**向けさせた**。 These are basically interchangeable. In Sentence 1, the speaker directly drew his attention to the blackboard (his attention was moved by 私). Sentence 2 is more indirect; the speaker made him to direct his attention to the blackboard (his attention was moved by 彼 because 私 asked him to do so). Sentence 3 is a slightly modified version of Sentence 2; now you can see the agent (causee), 彼, is explicitly marked by another に. There is no significant difference between them, but Sentence 1 may tend to sound like the speaker directly drew his attention e.g., by tapping the blackboard, whereas Sentence 2 & 3 tend to sound like the speaker asked him, "Hey look at the blackboard". Sentence 3 has two に's in succession, which is not wrong but not very nice, either. If you care, remember you can always replace 黒板に to 黒板**へ**: 1. 私は黒板へ彼の注意を**向けた**。 2. 私は黒板へ彼の注意を**向けさせた**。 3. 私は彼に黒板へ注意を**向けさせた**。