質問: 日本語訳をお願いいたします。 operation michael was a major german military offensive during the first world war that began the spring offensive on 21 march 1918. it was launched from the hindenburg line, in the vicinity of saint-quentin, france. its goal was to break through the allied (entente) lines and advance in a north-westerly direction to seize the channel ports, which supplied the british expeditionary force (bef) and to drive the bef into the sea. two days later general ludendorff, the chief of the german general staff, changed his plan and pushed for an offensive due west, along the whole of the british front north of the river somme. this was designed to separate the french and british armies and crush the british forces by pushing them into the sea. the offensive ended at villers-bretonneux, to the east of the allied communications centre at amiens, where the allies managed to halt the german advance; the german armies had suffered many casualties and were unable to maintain supplies to the advancing troops. much of the ground fought over was the wilderness left by the battle of the somme in 1916. the action was therefore officially named by the british battles nomenclature committee as the first battles of the somme, 1918, whilst the french call it the second battle of picardy (2ème bataille de picardie). the failure of the offensive marked the beginning of the end of the first world war for germany. the arrival in france of large reinforcements from the united states replaced entente casualties but the german army was unable to recover from its losses before these reinforcements took the field. operation michael failed to achieve its objectives and the german advance was reversed during the second battle of the somme, 1918 (21 august – 3 september) in the allied hundred days offensive. on 11 november 1917, the german high command (oberste heeresleitung, ohl) discussed what they hoped would be a decisive offensive on the western front the following spring. their target was the british expeditionary force (bef), commanded by field marshal sir douglas haig, which they believed had been exhausted by the battles in 1917 at arras, messines, passchendaele and cambrai. a decision to attack was taken by general erich ludendorff on 21 january 1918. at the start of 1918, the german people were close to starvation and growing tired of the war. operation michael ミヒャエル作戦
回答: >operation michael was a major german military offensive during the first world war that began the spring offensive on 21 march 1918. it was launched from the hindenburg line, in the vicinity of saint-quentin, france. its goal was to break through the allied (entente) lines and advance in a north-westerly direction to seize the channel ports, which supplied the british expeditionary force (bef) and to drive the bef into the sea. ⇒「ミヒャエル作戦行動」は、第一次世界大戦間の1918年3月21日に春の攻勢を開始したドイツ軍隊の主要攻勢であった。それは、フランスのサン=カンタン近くのヒンデンブルク戦線から火蓋が切られた。その目標は、連合国(協商国)を突破して、運河港を掌握するために北西方向に進軍することであった。というのも、それが英国海外派遣軍(bef)を供給し、そこからbefが海に乗り出す所だったからである。 >two days later general ludendorff, the chief of the german general staff, changed his plan and pushed for an offensive due west, along the whole of the british front north of the river somme. this was designed to separate the french and british armies and crush the british forces by pushing them into the sea. the offensive ended at villers-bretonneux, to the east of the allied communications centre at amiens, where the allies managed to halt the german advance; the german armies had suffered many casualties and were unable to maintain supplies to the advancing troops. ⇒2日後、ドイツ軍参謀総長ルーデンドルフ将軍は彼の計画を変更し、ソンム川北の英国軍前戦全体に沿っての攻勢のために該当する西方向へ押し進んだ。これは、フランスおよび英国の軍隊を分離し、英国軍を海に駆り立てて彼らを押し潰すように計画された。アミアンにある連合国軍通信センター東のビレール-ブレトノで、連合国軍は何とかしてドイツ軍の進軍を停止させたので、その攻勢は終わった。ドイツ方面軍は多くの死傷者数を被り、供給品を進行軍に届け続けることができなくなっていた。 >much of the ground fought over was the wilderness left by the battle of the somme in 1916. the action was therefore officially named by the british battles nomenclature committee as the first battles of the somme, 1918, whilst the french call it the second battle of picardy (2ème bataille de picardie). the failure of the offensive marked the beginning of the end of the first world war for germany. ⇒戦いの場となった地面の多くは、1916年の「ソンムの戦い」で残された荒野であった。従ってこの戦闘行動は、「英国戦争命名委員会」によって、1918年「第1次ソンムの戦い」として公式に名付けられた。一方、フランス人はそれを「第2次ピカルディーの戦い」と呼んでいる。攻勢の失敗は、ドイツ軍にとっては第一次世界大戦終焉の始まりを示した。 >the arrival in france of large reinforcements from the united states replaced entente casualties but the german army was unable to recover from its losses before these reinforcements took the field. operation michael failed to achieve its objectives and the german advance was reversed during the second battle of the somme, 1918 (21 august – 3 september) in the allied hundred days offensive. ⇒米国からの大規模な強化隊がフランスに到着したことで協商国軍の死傷者数は修復されたが、ドイツ方面軍はこれらの強化隊が戦場を奪取する前に(自軍の)損失を回復することができなかった。「ミヒャエル作戦行動」はその目的達成に失敗し、1918年(8月21日-9月3日)「第2次ソンムの戦い」の連合国軍100日間攻勢の間に、ドイツ軍の進軍は逆転された。 >on 11 november 1917, the german high command (oberste heeresleitung, ohl) discussed what they hoped would be a decisive offensive on the western front the following spring. their target was the british expeditionary force (bef), commanded by field marshal sir douglas haig, which they believed had been exhausted by the battles in 1917 at arras, messines, passchendaele and cambrai. a decision to attack was taken by general erich ludendorff on 21 january 1918. at the start of 1918, the german people were close to starvation and growing tired of the war. ⇒1917年11月11日、ドイツ軍最高司令部(ohl)は議論の上、来たる春における西部戦線での決定的な攻勢を望むことになった。その標的は、陸軍元帥ダグラス・ヘイグ卿の指揮する英国海外派遣軍(bef)で、彼は1917年のアラス、メシーヌ、パシャンデール、およびカンブレーでの戦いによって疲弊しているに違いない、と彼ら(ohl)は信じたのである。1918年1月21日、エーリッヒ・ルーデンドルフ将軍によって攻撃決定がなされた。ドイツの人々は、1918年の始まり頃は戦争による飢餓状態に近く、疲弊しかかっていた。