BARINGO COUNTY 2019 LONG RAINS FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT A Joint Report by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG)1 and Baringo County Steering Group July 2019 1 Lillian K. Marita (Ministry of Health) and Shamton Waruru (National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) Page 1 of 30 The 2019 long rains assessment in Baringo County was conducted by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) together with the technical members of the County Steering Group (CSG) that were drawn from agriculture, livestock, water, education and health and nutrition sectors and other stakeholders. The assessment was carried out in the four major livelihoods namely; mixed farming, pastoral, agro-pastoral and irrigated cropping livelihood zones. The main objective of the short rains assessment was to develop an objective, evidencebased and transparent food and nutrition security situation analysis following the long rains of 2019. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to carry out the situation analysis. Rainfall performance for the long rains was near normal to normal, high food prices, livestock diseases and incidences of resource-based conflicts were the main food insecurity drivers. Food is currently available in the households particularly in the mixed farming livelihood zone as the 42 percent of the food stocks held in the county are largely in this livelihood. Livestock productivity is normal as evidenced by the good body condition of livestock and milk is available though below normal in the pastoral livelihood zones. Currently, households in the irrigated cropping, mixed farming and agro pastoral livelihood zones have access to food. Despite the increase in maize prices by 19 percent, goat prices have also increased by 15 percent when compared to the long- term averages. Consequently, the terms of trade are within the seasonal averages. Markets functions were normal and are well provisioned with food largely from other counties except for Loruk market where no activities are going on due to tension and fear of insecurity. Distances to water sources for domestic consumption have remained within seasonal norms in all livelihood zones except a slight increase noted in the pastoral livelihood. Water consumption has reduced across the livelihoods. In the pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones, households are consuming 10-15 litres per person per day while those in the mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zones are consuming more than 15 litres per person per day. Hand-washing and water treatment across the livelihood zones is minimal at less than 10 percent for each of the indicators and as such are affecting the utilization pillar of food security. National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) surveillance data indicated that households having acceptable, borderline and poor food consumption as at July 2019 were 60.7, 34.5 and 4.9 percent respectively. The households who were not employing any food consumption related coping strategies were 17.2 percent and the remaining 40.7 and 42.2 percent used Stressed and Crisis coping strategies respectively. Regarding livelihood change, there were 48.5 percent not employing any coping strategy while another 39.9 and 11.2 percent were using Stressed and emergency coping strategies respectively. The Nutrition status is Serious in Baringo North and South where the Global Acute Malnutrition (GAM) rate was 9.3 percent ad it was Critical, in Tiaty Sub county which had GAM rate of 20.9 percent. There were no unusual deaths reported and thus the Under Five Mortality Rate and the Crude Mortality Rate (CMR) were considered to be below the emergency cut offs. Baringo County is therefore classified as Stressed (IPC Phase 2) in the agro pastoral, NoneMinimal (IPC Phase 1) in the mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zones and Crisis (IPC Phase 3) in the pastoral livelihood zones of Tiaty Sub-county. Page 2 of 30 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................... 2 3.1.1 Crops Production .......................................................................................................... 6 3.1.2 Cereals stock ................................................................................................................. 7 3.1.3 Livestock Production .................................................................................................... 7 3.2.1 Market operations ....................................................................................................... 12 3.2.2 Markets prices and Terms of Trade ............................................................................ 12 3.2.3 Income sources ........................................................................................................... 13 3.2.4 Water access and availability ..................................................................................... 14 3.2.5 Food Consumption ..................................................................................................... 16 3.2.6 Coping strategy ........................................................................................................... 16 3.3.1 Morbidity and mortality patterns ................................................................................ 17 3.3.2 Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation .......................................................... 17 3.3.3 Nutritional status and dietary diversity ....................................................................... 18 3.3.4 Sanitation and Hygiene ............................................................................................... 19 6.2.1 Ongoing Interventions ................................................................................................ 24 6.2.2 Recommended Interventions ...................................................................................... 27 Page 3 of 30 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 County background Baringo County borders Turkana and Samburu Counties to the North, Laikipia to the East, Nakuru and Kericho to the South, Uasin Gishu to the South West, and Elgeyo - Marakwet and West Pokot to the West. The area of the county is approximated at 11,015 square kilometers (Km2) and a population of 703,697 persons (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2016 Projection). The county is divided into six (6) sub Counties namely:- Baringo North, Baringo Central, Baringo South, Mogotio, Tiaty and Eldama Ravine. 22 There are five main livelihoods in the county which include, mixed farming, 4 pastoral, agro-pastoral and irrigated Pastoral Agro pastoral cropping (Figure 1). The main hazards in the county across the livelihoods are Irrigard Cropping Mixed Farming drought, water shortages and variable Figure 1: Proportion of Population per Livelihood high food prices and conflicts. Other hazards are crop pests and diseases in the irrigated cropping and the mixed farming livelihood zones. 1.2 Methodology and approach The food and nutrition security assessment exercise is usually conducted twice a year to assess the impact of long and short rains on the livelihoods and as such develop an objective, evidencebased and transparent food and nutrition security situation analysis. Primary and secondary data is used in the assessment process. Primary data is collected from the community in sample sites that would be representative of the four main livelihood zones. The data was collected through semi structured focus group discussions, key informant and market interviews. Secondary data was collected through the checklists which were administered to the relevant departments for collection of quantitative data and gave sectoral briefs during the county steering group. Other data that was available to assist in the analysis included livelihood zone data, satellite data for rainfall, routine Demographic Health Information Systems (DHIS) data, National Drought Management Authority bulletins and SMART survey report among others. Data collected was then collated, analyzed and triangulated and analysis was by livelihood zones. The integrated food security phase classification (IPC) protocols were used to do the classification of the severity and identify the possible causes of food insecurity. The assessment exercise was conducted by a multisectoral and multi agency team comprising of lead team from the Kenya Food Security Steering Group and technical experts from the Departments of agriculture, livestock, water, education and health and nutrition at the county level. The assessment in the county was done from 15th to 19th July, 2019. Page 4 of 30 DRIVERS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE COUNTY 3.1.11 Rainfall Performance Baringo County receives bimodal rainfall and is dependent on the long rains of March-April-May (MAM) which extends to July. The short rains season is in October-November and December. The onset of the season was late in the 3rd dekad of April compared to 3rd dekad of March normally. A total of 107.8 mm of rainfall was received compared to 297.4 mm normally. Majority of the county received 75-90 percent of normal with the southern parts of county particularly Mogotio and Eldama Ravine Sub County receiving near normal to normal rains of 90-110 percent together with some parts of Tiaty Sub County. Rains were erratic temporally and spatially they were unevenly distributed. The highest amount of rain was received in the 3rd dekad of April, thereafter rains were depressed. Trends of the vegetation cover index were below normal until the 1st dekad of July when it became above normal as a result of rains received in Figure 2: Rainfall performance as a the month of May through June. percent of normal in Baringo County 2.2 InsecurityConflict There were insecurity incidences in Kasiela area Baringo South Sub County where cattle were stolen. Tensions are also high in areas of Chemoe, Kagir, Tuluk, Chemanangoi, Nawe, Natan and Ngaratuko in Baringo North. The said tension has resulted in limiting access in Loruk area as the market is not optimally functional. 2.3 Other shocks and hazards Livestock diseases were reported and specifically Camel disease known as Haemorrhagic septicaemia that led to the death of an estimated 200 camels in Tiaty Sub County. New Castle disease was also reported in the same sub county and led to the loss of 5000 poultry. Maize crop was affected by fall army worm as in 20 percent of the area planted however, measures have already been taken. 2.0 IMPACTS OF DRIVERS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 2.1 Availability Pasture and browse are currently available in the mixed farming, irrigated cropping and agropastoral livelihoods while pasture is below normal in the pastoral livelihood zone. The available forage is expected to last until and extend into the next short rains season which starts in October. Livestock body condition is good for all livestock species in the irrigated and mixed farming livelihood zone but is fair in the agro pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones. Milk is available however, in the pastoral livelihood zones it was largely from camels. Households in the mixed farming livelihood zones have 55 percent of maize stocks. Supply of food stuffs in the markets are normal across the livelihoods and as such food is available in the county. Page 5 of 30 3.1.1 Crops Production The long rains season in Baringo county is significant as the county is dependent it. The main crops grown in the county under rain fed in the mixed farming livelihood zone are maize, beans, millets, Irish potatoes cowpeas and sorghum. Other crops are horticultural crops (fruits and vegetables) and cash crops (Coffee, Cotton, Macadamia, and pyrethrum). Maize, beans and finger millet are the main crops in both the agro pastoral and the mixed farming livelihood zones. In addition to maize, tomatoes and watermelons are grown under irrigation and each contributes to 90 percent of cash income and 10 percent of food. Maize in the agro pastoral, mixed farming and the irrigated cropping livelihood zones contributes to 90, 60 and 20 percent food while it contributes to 10, 40 and 80 percent of cash income respectively. Cowpeas, finger millet, and beans contribute to 40 percent of cash income and 60 percent of food in the agro pastoral and mixed farming livelihood zones. Table 1: Acreage and Crop production under Rain fed in Baringo County Maize 38,172 41,133 900,550 1,017,295 Beans 17,066 19,421 154,812 222,323 Finger millet 6,402 5,220 41,513 34,325 Area planted under rain-fed for maize and beans was 93 and 88 percent of the long term average respectively while that for finger millet was 12 percent above the long term average. The maize crop is at various stages ranging from weeding to tasseling as households planted at different times as a result of delayed onset of rains which also varied across the livelihood zones. Maize is projected to be 88 percent of the long term average while that for the beans is projected to be 69 percent of the long term average. The decrease in production is attributed to the late onset of the long rains as a result of which farmers planted in different times and thus some crop yield will be reduced. Finger millet production is likely to be 20 percent above the long term average. The increase in production for finger millet is due to the increase in the acreage planted and provision of certified seeds. Table 2: Acreage and Production under Irrigation in Baringo County Maize 60 44 1460 436 Beans 18 24 360 480 Tomatoes 84 119 1820 2235 Water melon 32 85 640 1700 Cow peas 84 80 1260 1200 Page 6 of 30 Seed Maize 2054 1524 78,052 57,150 Crop farming under irrigation is done at Barwesa area and is largely for income, which fruits and vegetables as shown in Table 2. The maize grown is harvested while green as a source of income however, a large proportion of land is also put under seed maize. The acreage for maize and seed maize increased and was 36 and 34 percent above the long term average respectively. Area put under tomatoes reduced and was 70 percent of the long term average. Maize production increased and was more than three times of the long term averages while that for tomatoes reduced by 20 percent. The reduction in tomatoes was attributed to pests and diseases. Seed maize increased and is 30 percent above the short term average. The area under seed maize increased as more schemes were engaged in seed production like Loboi Lorwai irrigation scheme in Baringo South which had continuous supply of water. 3.1.2 Cereals stock Table 23: Cereal Stocks in Baringo County Commodity Maize Millet Sorghum Farmers 90,878 164,600 1,324 1,646 257 645 Traders 30,951 38,135 587 651 253 292 Millers 25,668 16,948 158 22 0 0 Food AidNCPB 19,929 39,400 0 2,319 0 0 Total 167,426 259,083 Maize stocks in the county are 65 percent of the long term average. The current maize stocks are from the previous harvest as the crop in the farms is due for harvest as from August. The households hold 55 percent of the long term average while traders have 81 percent of the stocks they would normally hold. Millers on the other hand have above average stocks by 51 percent above the long term average while National Cereals and Produce Board (NCPB) have half of the stocks when compared to the long term average. The millet stocks being held by the households and the traders were 80 and 90 percent of the long term averages respectively. The sorghum stocks held by the households were low at 40 percent of the long term average while the traders had 86 percent of the long term average. Overall, food is currently available in the county and the stocks are likely to last 2-3 months compared to 3-4 months normally. 3.1.3 Livestock Production The main livestock species in Baringo County include; cattle, goats, sheep, honeybees, poultry and camels. Goats contribute 60 percent of the household income in the agro pastoral livelihood zone while sheep, cattle and chickens contribute to 25, 14 and percent respectively. In the irrigated livelihood zone, the livestock reared are goats, sheep and cattle. In this livelihood zone, goats and sheep contribute to 65 and 15percent of household income respectively. In terms of food, goats contribute to 10 percent while the chicken and cattle contribute to 25 and 60 percent respectively. In the mixed farming livelihood zone, cattle contribute to 70 percent of the household income with goats and chicken contributing 15 and 10 percent respectively. In the pastoral livelihood zones, the shoats (goats and sheep) give the highest proportion to income where goats contribute to 60 percent of the income and sheep contribute to 30 percent. Goats contribute another 60 percent to food in this livelihood zone. Page 7 of 30 Table 3: Contribution of Livestock Production to Food and Income in Baringo County Livelihood zone contribution Food Income Mixed farming 25 23 Irrigated cropping 25 8 Agro-pastoral 20 50 Pastoral 21 88 Pasture and browse situation The pasture condition is good in mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zones and fair to good in both agro-pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones. The browse condition is good across all livelihood zones. The forage quality is fair to good in mixed farming livelihood zones but fair in the other three livelihood zones of the county. Pasture is expected to last 1.5-3 months as compared to normal 3-4 months; with only pastoral zones having limited of access due to insecurity. Areas with access limitation to forage include Mukutani, Arabal, Kalabata, Saimo soi and Kapedo. The livestock are usually grazed by male youth and women. In other cases, the livestock are released to the fields themselves and come back later on the afternoon. Table 4: Pasture and Browse Condition in Baringo County Livelihood Pasture Browse Zone Condition Projected Factors Condition Projected Factors Duration to last limiting Duration to last limiting (Months) access (month) access Mixed Good Good 2 3 None Good Good 3 4 None Irrigated Good Good 2 3 None Good Good 3 4 None Agro- Fair Good 1.5 3 None Good Good 2 4 None Pastoral Fair Good 1.5 3 Insecurity Good Good 2 4 Insecurity tensions tensions Livestock Productivity Livestock body condition The livestock body condition for all livestock species is good in mixed farming livelihood zones, fair to good in irrigated cropping and good in the agro-pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones. The current body conditions are attributed to fair quality forage. There is improved trend in body condition due to improving forage quality and the situation is likely to remain with the positive forecast by Kenya Metrological Department indicating continuation of the off season rainfall. The livestock body condition may lead to livestock prices upwards hence improving the farmers purchasing power. Page 8 of 30 Table 54: Livestock body condition Liveliho Cattle Sheep Goat Camel od Zone Curren Normal Curren Normal Curren Normal Curren Normal tly ly tly ly tly ly tly ly Mixed Good Good Good Good Good Good NA NA Irrigated Fair to Good Fair to Good Fair to Good cropping Good Good Good Agro- fair Good fair Good fair Good Good Good Pastoral fair Good fair Good fair Good Good Good Tropical livestock units (Tropical Livestock Units) and birth rates The present TLUs are three in poor households and 4.7 in the medium households (Table 5). There was slight decrease in TLUs as compared to normal as a result of delay in the kidding and lambing as a result of the experienced dry season as from March to May. The general birth rates were 2.5 across all livelihood zones. The current birth rate is low attributed to delayed conception as a result of previous poor performance of the rains that led to poor body condition. The deviations were due to low levels of forage and livestock body condition across the livelihood zones. The highest birth rates however, were reported in the mixed farming and irrigated cropping and lowest in agro- pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones. Table 6: Tropical Livestock Units for Baringo County Livelihood zone Poor income households Medium income households Current Normal Current Normal Mixed faming 2.7 3 3.2 4 Irrigated 2.4 3.5 3.9 5 Agro-pastoral 2.9 5 5 6 Pastoral 4.1 7 6.5 7 Milk Production and consumption The milk availability slightly increased with improvement of forage condition and reduction in trekking distance. The increases resulted in decrease of milk prices from Ksh.60 to Ksh. 50 in mixed and irrigated cropping livelihood zones and from Ksh. 90 to Ksh. 60 in agro-pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones. Milk that is available in the pastoral livelihood zones is sourced from the mixed farming zones. Milk consumption increased to 1-2 litres in the period under review compared to what was reported during the short rains and largely near normal in the mixed farming, irrigated cropping and agro pastoral livelihood zones. In the pastoral livelihood zones, the milk consumption is 50 percent of normal. Page 9 of 30 Table 7: Milk Availability, Consumption and Prices Livelihood zone Milk production per Milk consumption per Prices(KSh.) HH(Lts) HH(Lts) Mixed farming 6 8 1-2 2 40-50 60 Irrigated 6 8 1-2 2 50 60 Agro-pastoral 2.5 4 1-2 1.8 60 90 Pastoral 1.5 2 1 1.8 60 90 Livestock Migration, Diseases and Mortalities The only reported migrations were within the county, where in Baringo North at Saimo soi and in Tiaty, livestock movements were reported and the animals are currently in Silale, Paka, Korossi hills and Mallaso. There were diseases reported in the county as indicated in the table 8. The disease occurrences were in the normal ranges. The mortality rates were at two percent across the livelihoods except in the pastoral-all species livelihood zones where mortality was 2.5 percent. The camels had three percent mortality rate due to eruption of Hemorrhagic septicaemia. Disease surveillance is ongoing in all the counties and vaccination in targeted sub-counties as per available resources. Table 8: Livestock Diseases and Mortalities due to Diseases Baringo New Castle Across the sub county Poultry 5,000 Vaccinations Central Disease conducted in farms CCPP Across the subcounty Goats Endemic PPR Few cases reported Sheep Tiaty CCPP, PPR Across the subcounty Goats and Endemic Planned Sheep Vaccinations Haemorrhagic Across the subcounty Camels 200 Planning for drug septicaemia procurement then treatment FMD Cattle Planned camels Vaccinations Mogotio CCPP Majimoto, Kamar, Goats Endemic Vaccination done Simotwe, Sinende, Olkokwe, Oldebes, Lembus Mogotio, Eminining, Koibos, PPR Few areas Sheep and Planned goats Vaccinations FMD Re-current Cattle Blanthrax Cattle Vaccination done Eldama Plant poisoning Majimazuri, Mumberes 6 Vaccination done Ravine Abortions Ravine ward 8 cases Vaccination done ECF Ravine,Perkerra,L.kwen 27 cases Vaccination done Blanthrax Sub-county Cattle 20,067 cattle Page 10 of 30 Rabies Ravine Dogs Cases 50 reported. No deaths Baringo CCPP Kapkuikui and Loboi Goats No deaths Treatment of south affected stock Sheep goat pox Kimalel Shoats Vaccination Enterotoxaemia Kimorok Sheep and 1,000 Goats Heart water EwalelSoi, Kimalel Goats Awareness on ,KimondisBekibon, prevention Kiserian New Castle Marigat Poultry No vaccinations Disease Baringo CCPP Across the subcounty Goats 20 goats Endemic North (Endemic) PPR ,FMD, Red Saimo Soi, Barwessa Shoats, 16 goats Vaccinations against Water, LSD and cattle PPR are on going Mange Enterotoxaemia Sibilo Cattle 20 cattle Cases treated Water for Livestock The main sources of water include boreholes, permanent rivers, which are Kerio, Amaya, Pekerra, Molo, Arabal, Wasenges and Mukutani. The lakes include Bogoria, Baringo, Kamnarok and lake 94. The water pans were recharged between 50-70 percent but are still being recharged with the continued rains. The trekking distance decreased from 4-13 as compared to 4-10 in the last season. The watering frequency increased across all livelihood zones. The above dynamics have influenced positively; livestock body condition, milk production and also livestock prices. There was access limitation in the lakes due to crocodile hazards. Table 95: Water for Livestock in Baringo County Mixed Streams, Streams, 0.5-2 1-1.5 Throughout Throughout 7 7 farming Rivers, Rivers, springs, springs, piped piped water, water, boreholes, boreholes, Irrigated Rivers, Rivers, 0.5-2 1-1.5 Throughout Throughout 7 7 cropping shallow shallow wells and wells and springs. springs. Agro- water pans, Streams, 4-10 3-7 2-3 months 3 months 7 7 pastoral Boreholes, water rivers, pans, streams Boreholes Page 11 of 30 Pastoral Bore- Water- 4-10 3-7 2 months 2 months 7 7 holes, pans, water pans, Bore-holes rivers 3.2 Access 3.2.1 Market operations The markets play a crucial role towards realization of the accessibility pillar of food security in terms of availing the food and income from the sales of the livestock. The main markets for livestock in the county include Kipsaraman, Barwessa, Loruk and Kinyach in Baringo North; Kolloa, Nginyang, Tangulbei and Amaya in Tiaty; Marigat, Kabel in Baringo South; Kaptara in Baringo Central; Majimoto, and Emining in Mogotio and Iloti, Kapchorua and Kapcholoi in Eldama Ravine sub-counties. There has been no market disruption at all markets in the county. Market supply for food commodities is mostly from outside the County which is normal for this time of the year. The main food stuffs being traded are maize, beans and vegetables. Supply of food items were normal across the livelihood zones. Supply of livestock were normal across the livelihood zones except in Loruk attributed to tensions and unwillingness to sell. Traded volumes for livestock were below normal in some markets while they were normal in Marigat, Barwesa, Nginyang and Amaya 3.2.2 Markets prices and Terms of Trade Maize price The average price for a kilogram of maize in the county as at July, 2019 was Ksh. 56. The current price was nine percent above the price recorded in June 2019 and was 19 percent above the long term 60 average of 2014-2018 (Figure 3). The price for July 50 was 33 percent above the price recorded at the same )g time last year. The highest prices of Ksh.60 per .h kilogramme of maize were reported in the pastoral- sK 30 all species livelihood zone while the lowest were recorded in the irrigated cropping livelihood zone at Ksh.42 per kilogramme. Maize prices have been on an upward trend as from February 2019 and remained below the long term averages recorded in Figure 3: Maize Prices in Baringo County the same period until May 2019 when the prices got above the long term averages (Figure 3). The increasing price was attributed to declining stocks at household levels and at local retailers. The prices are likely to reduce slightly but remain above the long term averages for the next three months. Page 12 of 30 Goat price The price of a medium sized goat as at July 2019 had increased and was Ksh. 2564 compared to Ksh. 2285 reported in June 2019. The current price is 15 percent above the five year average of 2014-2018 and 14 percent lower than what was reported in the same time in 2018 (Figure 4). The trend of the prices was on a downward trend as from January however, as from July the prices 3500 picked an upward trend. The prices have been above or comparable to the long term averages in the period January to July. The decrease in prices was attributed to the deterioration of the body condition due to the delay in the onset of ( e 1500 the long rains. The goat prices are likely to P 1000 follow the normal trend remaining within the 500 seasonal five year long term averages. There is likelihood of prices to slightly increase as from Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul AugSepOctNovDec August for the next three months. Figure 4: Goat Prices in Baringo County Terms of trade The current terms of trade improved and were 12 percent above those reported in June 2019 although there percent below to the long term average. Currently, the sale of a goat can be exchanged for 46 kilograms e 89 00 of maize (Figure 5). The current terms of m a 70 fo r o 60 trade were 34 percent lower compared to s mf d those reported at a similar time last year a rg n 40 where the sale of one goat could be o liKh c exchanged for 70 kilograms of maize. The 10 trend of the terms of trade have been on a 0 downward trend since February 2019 although they remained above the long Figure 5: Terms of trade for Baringo County term average until May when they became comparable to the long term average (Figure 5). The trend could be attributed to the decrease in goat prices with a noted increase in maize prices across the livelihoods. The terms of trade are likely to remain stable in the next three months as no significant changes are expected in both the goat and maize prices. 3.2.3 Income sources The main sources of cash income are varied across the livelihood zones with livestock production including meat, milk, hides, skins and by products contributing to 69, 30 and 26 percent of cash income in the pastoral-all species, missed farming and agro pastoral livelihood zones respectively. In the mixed farming and agro-pastoral livelihood zones, food crop production, contributes to 25 and 20 percent respectively. In the mixed farming livelihood zone, cash crop production contributes to 15 percent of cash income while small businesses contribute to 10 percent. Additionally, in the agropastoral livelihood zone, poultry production contributes to 15 percent. Page 13 of 30 Other current sources of income for the households are charcoal burning and casual labour as noted during the community interviews. Currently, 24, 23 and 21 percent of the households are getting their income from the sale of livestock, casual labour, sale of crops respectively. 11percent of the households are getting their income from petty trading and another 10 percent from formal employment at (West Pokot SMART Survey, June, 2019) 3.2.4 Water access and availability The main sources of water for both livestock and domestic use include; Rivers, water pans, dams, lakes, streams, protected shallow wells, springs, swamps, boreholes and traditional river wells. Normally, Water sources are mainly concentrated in mixed farming livelihood zones where the potential is high and rainfall amounts are higher as compared to Pastoral and Agro pastoral livelihood which are rocky and poorly served by rivers. Generally, Mixed farming and Irrigated Farming zones Communities have more access to water than in Pastoral livelihood zones. Water pans in the pastoral and Agro Pastoral livelihood areas of Tiaty sub county, Saimo Soi ward, Kinyach, Chemoe, Barsemoi, Majimoto, Kamar, Mbechot, Kapkelelwa, Bekibon, Bartabwa were recharged to between 30-40 percent of their normal capacity as compared to 80-90 normally and the water is likely to last for one to two months. In irrigated cropping and mixed farming livelihood zones, water pans were recharged up to 50 percent of their normal capacity. The water is expected to last for two to three months. The status of water levels in springs, rivers and water pans in all livelihood zones are unstable. Currently 80 percent of the boreholes are operational across all livelihood zones; however some few boreholes are not operational due to normal electromechanical break downs. Ward Water No. of No. of Projected Normal of full Locality of Non- operational Liveliho Source Normal Current Duration Duration Capacity Water Sources od zone (Three (3) Operational Operational (Operational that Recharged major Sources Sources) water by the sources) last in Rains Pastoral Bore Holes 76 70 Over 6 Over 6 stable Ngooron Bh, Kreeze Bh, Kirim Months months Bh , Ngoron, Sosionde , Silonga Water 63 63 1-2 Months 3 4 50 - 60 Springs 10 10 3 - 4 Months 4 5 30 - 40 Agro - Bore Holes 56 52 Over 6 Over 6 stable Kadokoi, Sewa(Kisanana ward), Pastoral Months months Kimorok BH Water 23 19 1-2 Months 3 4 50 - 60 Springs 18 18 3-4Months Over 6 30 - 40 Mixed Bore Holes 39 36 Over 6 Over 6 stable Farming Months months Springs 135 135 Over 6 Over 6 50 - 60 Rivers 6 6 Over 6 4 -5 40 - 50 Irrigated Rivers 6 6 3months Over 6 90 -100 Cropping months Shallow 8 3 3-4months Over 6 Reducing Perkerrra, Labos, Kailer, Wells months Discharge Longewan, Kampi Ukulima, Swamps 3 3 Over 3 stable Page 14 of 30 Distance to water sources and waiting time According to the SMART survey findings, In Tiaty subcounty, the average distances to domestic water sources were varied with 34. 6 percent doing less than half a kilometer and another 48 percent doing 0.5- 2 kilometers. In Baringo North and South sub counties, majority of the households (58.7 percent) were covering less than 0.5 kilometers and another 35.3 percent covering more than 0.5- 2 kilometers to less than two kilometers. The remaining six percent reported to be covering more than two kilometers. The distances in the irrigated cropping and mixed farming livelihood zones remained within the seasonal norms of 0.5-1.5 kilometers. The duration of time spent queuing for water is projected to increase in pastoral and Agro pastoral livelihood zones if the situation will not improve due to high temperatures prevailing at the moment. The waiting time at the source in Mixed farming livelihood zone is between 3 - 5 minutes which is above normal while in pastoral and agro - pastoral areas it was between 5 and 7 minutes. Waiting time varied with the households that were queuing for less than 30 minutes being 91.3 percent, 30-60 minutes were 6.5 percent and more than 60 minutes, 2.2 percent in Tiaty Sub County. In Baringo North and South sub-county, the proportion of households who were queuing for less than 30 minutes were 68.9 percent; 30 to 60 minutes, 15.6percent and above 60 minutes were 15.6 percent. Cost of water and Consumption The cost of water at the source is generally stable at Ksh. 3 and 5 across all livelihoods. Water consumption per person per day is normal at 15 20 litres per person per day in the irrigated cropping and more than 20 litres in the mixed farming livelihood zone. In the agro-pastoral livelihood zone, consumption remained normal at 10-15 litres per person per day except for some hotspots experiencing water shortages in Mogotio Sub County particularly in Kapyemit, Mugurin, Kapnosigei, Eldebes, Kapkitur, Kamar, Kitecho, Molok, Maji Moto and Sirwa areas. In the pastoral livelihood zones consumption reduced and is currently 8-10 litres per person per day compared to the normal 10-15 litres per person per day. Households in pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood Zones reported persistence of water related diseases like Typhoid, Amoeba, diarrhea and Malaria. There was reported suspected water contamination following reports that some flower farms that are discharging their effluents directly into river Tilatil. Ward Return Distance Cost of Water at Waiting Time at Average Water livelihood to Water for Source (Ksh. Per Water Source Consumption zone Domestic Use 20litres) (Minutes) (Litrespersonday) Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Pastoral 3 4 5-7 3 - 5 3 - 5 2 - 4 5-7 10-15 8-10 Agro Pastoral 3 3.5 4-6 3 - 5 3 - 5 2 - 4 5-7 10-15 10-15 Mixed 0.5 1.5 0.5 1.5 3 5 3 5 2 - 3 3-5 20 15-20 Farming Irrigated 0.5- 1.5 0.5 1.5 3 - 5 3 - 5 1 - 2 1 - 2 15-20 15-20 Cropping Page 15 of 30 3.2.5 Food Consumption According to the NDMA Early Warning Bulletin, as at July, 2019, the proportions of households having acceptable, borderline and poor food consumption scores in the county 100 were 60.7, 34.5 and 4.9 percent respectively. In the irrigated cropping ga livelihood zone, all the households were tn e cre 46 00 48.944.4 51.7 44.8 having acceptable food consumption scores. In the agro pastoral livelihood zone, the proportion of households with Pastoral-all species Agro pastoral Irrigated cropping acceptable, borderline and poor food Acceptable Borderline Poor consumption scores were 51.7, 44.8 and 3.4 percent respectively and had reduced Figure 6: Food Consumption Scores per livelihood in from 93 percent who were reported to have acceptable food consumption scores in June (Figure 6). In the pastoral livelihood zone, the proportion of households having acceptable food consumption scores had reduced to 48. 9 compared to 55.6 percent reported in June. Those having borderline and poor food consumption scores in this livelihood were 44.5 percent compared to 35.5 percent reported in June, 2019. The proportion of households who were having poor food consumption scores was 6.7 percent. In Baringo County, the proportion of households having acceptable food consumption score reduced from 80 percent reported in January during the short rains assessment to the current 60.7 percent while that for households having borderline food consumption scores increased from 17 to 34.5 percent. A small proportion of the households (17.2 percent) were not employing any food consumption related coping strategies while the remaining 40.7 and 42.2 percent used stressed and crisis coping strategies. 70, 31.8 and 3.4 percent were employing Stressed coping strategies in the irrigated cropping, pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones respectively. Those not employing any coping mechanisms were 30 and 20.7 percent in the irrigated cropping and the pastoral livelihood zones respectively. It was noted that majority of the households (96.6 percent) in the agro pastoral livelihood zone were employing crisis strategies. 3.2.6 Coping strategy Based on NDMA data, the mean coping strategy index (CSI) for the county in July, 2019 was 14.3 and was comparable to what was reported in June however, it reduced from 16.3 reported in May, 2019. When compared to the same time last year, the coping strategy index had reduced from 18.3. In the agro pastoral and pastoral livelihood zone, the coping strategy index was 27 and 14.5 respectively. The lowest coping strategy index was reported in the irrigated cropping livelihood zone at 4.3 percent. According to data received from NDMA in July 2019, with regard to livelihood change, at the county level there were 48.5 not using coping strategies. Overall, the proportion of households employing Stressed and Crisis coping strategies were 39.9 and 11.2 percent respectively. In the agro pastoral livelihood zone, none were using any coping mechanism while in the pastoral livelihood zone 41.3 and 0.6 were employing stressed and crisis coping strategies respectively. In the irrigated cropping livelihood zone 90 percent indicated not using any coping strategy while the remaining 10 percent were using Stressed coping strategies. Page 16 of 30 According to the SMART survey preliminary results, 50 percent of the households reported employing food consumption related coping strategies in Baringo North and South sub Counties. In Tiaty Sub County, SMART survey results indicated that a proportion of 75 percent employed coping strategies. The CSI was 15.3 percent and is lower compared to 2018 similar time. The most frequently employed coping strategy across the livelihoods was restricting consumption by adults in order for the children to eat (SMART Survey, Baringo North and South and Tiaty). 3.3 Utilization 3.3.1 Morbidity and mortality patterns The most prevalent diseases in the county were upper respiratory tract infections, malaria and diarrhea in which according to the survey carried out in Tiaty, 15, 10 and eight percent of the children under fives respectively were Morbidity Trends for Under Fives reported to have had those illnesses in the two weeks prior to the survey (SMART sesaC fo rebm 11 02 46800 0 000 0000 s ue ly at, fy rd, e2 mr0 1 o rar yb i t ty et nr e egn ed 2ns 1f ro 9ar 2000 remained within the seasonal norms when Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun compared to the same period in 2018 and Diarrhoea 2017 Diarrhoea 2018 2017 (Figure 7). Diarrhoea 2019 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 2017 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 2018 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections 2019 Cases of dysentery reported in January to Figure 7: Morbidity trends for Under Fives in Baringo June 2019 increased by 50 percent and were 1403 cases compared to a total of 932 cases reported in the same period in 2018 and 829 cases in 2017. The increase in cases was attributed to water contamination as a result of a prolonged the dry period experienced in March through to May, 2019 and as such water sources were being utilized by both human and animals. 3.3.2 Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation Based on DHIS data, the proportion of fully immunized children in the county between January and June 2019, was 70.1 percent and comparable to the same period in 2018 however, it was below the national target of 80 percent. Immunization coverage was highest in Marigat and Mogotio Sub counties standing at 92.0 and 91.3 percent respectively. All the other Sub counties had coverage below the national target and was particularly low in East Pokot and Tiaty sub Counties at 51.3 and 40.2 percent respectively (Table 2). Table 6: Immunization Coverage Per Subcounty Sub County Percent of Fully Immunized Child (FIC) 2018 2019 Baringo Central 88.0 75.0 Baringo North 64.3 63.3 East Pokot 21.2 51.3 Koibatek 74.0 79.9 Marigat 89.0 92.0 Mogotio 89.7 91.3 Tiaty 40.2 County Average 70.2 71.0 Page 17 of 30 Vitamin A coverage between January and June, 2019 for children aged 6-59 months was 59.8 percent compared to 50.0 percent reported during the same period in 2018 (DHIS data). The increase in the coverage was attributed to the 80 71.4 Malezi Bora exercise that was done in May of 2019 coupled with the uninterrupted supply of 60 52 e g a 50 40.8 40.2 40.3 Vitamin A supplements. Children aged 6-11 tn e 40 months who were supplemented in Jan to June 2019 were 70.1 percent while those aged 12- 10 59 months were 58.5 percent. According to the SMART survey done in Tiaty Subcounty in 6-11 months 12-95months 6-69 months June 2019, Vitamin A supplementation Baringo North South Tiaty coverage for 6-11 months was 40.8 percent Figure 8: Vitamin A supplementation by Age while that for children aged 12-59 months were 40.2 percent for. Overall, the proportion of children aged 6-59 months who had received Vitamin A supplementation once were 40.3 percent (Figure.8). 3.3.3 Nutritional status and dietary diversity Meal consumption has remained normal across the livelihoods with households in the pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones consuming two meals per day and households in the irrigated cropping and mixed farming livelihood zone are consuming the normal three meals. Household dietary diversity information collected in Baringo North and South through the nutrition SMART survey, indicated that the proportion of households consuming 5 five food groups are 61 percent, a decrease from 73.4 percent reported at a similar time last year. Those households consuming 3- 5 food groups was 37.7 percent compared to 23.3 percent in the same period in 2018. The households consuming 3 food groups was 1.3 percent in both years. In Tiaty Sub county, the proportion of households consuming 5 five food groups (28.2 percent); 3-5 food groups (60.8 percent) and 3 food groups were 13 percent. Nutrition status has deteriorated in the Sub County which is pastoral livelihood as the proportion of those consuming more than five groups had reduced in June 2019 compared to 38.6 percent reported in 2018. The NDMA data indicated that the Average (2014-2018) 2018 2019 proportion of children under five years 25 with MUAC (135mm) was 20.2 percent in July 2019 and was noted to be 46 percent 5 3 above the long term averages of 2014- 1 15 C 2018. When compared to June 2018, the U 10 current proportion was 56 percent above ( k 5 however, this proportion had remained s ir similar to what was reported in May 2018 a Jan FebMarAprMay Jun Jul AugSepOctNovDec (Figure 9). During the period January to June 2019, the proportion of children at risk of malnutrition based on mid upper Figure 9: Proportion of Children at risk of malnutrition arm circumference (MUAC) 135mm) MUAC 135mm showed an upward trend as from March and was above the long term averages as from May. The highest proportions of children at risk of Page 18 of 30 malnutrition were reported in Kapenguria, Komolion and Ribko wards in the pastoral livelihood zones where 42.4, 32.4 and 31.7 percent respectively. The high malnutrition rates in these wards are largely due to alcoholism as a result there is poor infant and child care practices. The global acute malnutrition rate for Baringo North and South is 9.3 percent and severe acute malnutrition rate 2.3 percent (SMART survey Baringo North and South, June, 2019). The results indicate that there has been no significant change in the nutrition status when compared to a similar time last year when the GAM rate was 7.8 percent and thus it remains in the Serious Phase (IPC Acute Malnutrition Classification). In Tiaty Sub County, the global acute malnutrition status was 20.9 percent with a severe acute malnutrition rate of 3.5 percent. Based on the global acute malnutrition rates, there was a significant change in the nutrition status compared to the same time last year. The most likely cause of malnutrition are food insecurity coupled with poor infant and young children feeding practices and poor health seeking behaviour especially in pastoral livelihood zone. 3.3.4 Sanitation and Hygiene The main sources of water currently are sub surface water sources as evidenced by 52.3 percent who reported use of water from sub surface water. In Tiaty Sub County and Baringo North Sub Counties, 76.2 and 52.3 percent of the households respectively reported drawing water from the open sources. Water treatment was being done by a dismal 4.4 percent in Tiaty Sub County while 28.6 percent in Baringo North and South. The most common treatment method used in Baringo North and South was boiling (71.1 percent) while in Tiaty most of the households used pot filters (59.1 percent) (SMART Survey, June 2019). The low water treatment rates may be the cause of the water borne diseases reported in the community. Hand washing at the four critical moments was 2.2 and 10.1 percent in Tiaty and Baringo North and South respectively. Those who used soap and water were 24.7 percent in Tiaty. In Baringo North and South, those who did hand washing using soap and water were 69.5 percent. The county latrine coverage up to June 2019 was 44.1 percent with East Pokot Sub County having the lowest at 3.2 percent. Open defecation was high across the livelihoods as evidenced by the SMART Survey data where 93.3 percent of the households in Tiaty Sub County relieved themselves in the bush or open field. In Baringo North, 27.2 percent were reported to be relieving themselves in the bush or open field. 3.4 Trends of key food security indicators Table 7: Food Security Trends in West Pokot County of maize stocks held by 118 households (agro-pastoral) Livestock body condition Agro Pastoral Good to fair Agro Pastoral Fair Irrigated Good Irrigated Good cropping Cropping Mixed Farming Good Mixed Farming Good Pastoral-all Fair to poor Pastoral-all Fair species species Water consumption (litres Agro Pastoral 12-15lpppd Agro Pastoral 10-15 litres per per person per day) person per day Irrigated 20-25lppd Irrigated 20-25 litres per Cropping Cropping person per day Page 19 of 30 Pastoral- all 12-15 litres per Irrigated 8-10 litres per species person per day person per day Mixed Farming 15-20 litres per Mixed Farming 15-20 litres per person per day person per day Price of maize (per kg) Ksh.36 Ksh. 55.7 Distance to grazing Mixed Farming 1-4kilometers Mixed Farming 1 Kilimetere Agro Pastoral 4-13 Agro Pastoral 1-2 kilometres Pastoral 4-13 kilometres Pastoral 3-4 kilometres Irrigated 1-4 kilometres Irrigated Cropping Cropping Terms of trade (pastoral 46 zone) Coping strategy index 13.5 County-14.3 Agro Pastoral-18.8 Agro Pastoral-27 Pastoral-14.7 Pastoral-14.5 Irrigated Cropping-2.6 Irrigated Cropping-4.3 Food consumption score Acceptable 80 percent Acceptable 60.7 Borderline 17 percent Borderline 34.5 Poor 3 percent Poor 4.9 3.0 CROSS CUTTING ISSUES 4.1 Education 4.1.1 Enrolment In Early Childhood Development Centers, there were 25,621 boys and 25,699 girls in term one, while in term two there were 26,134 boys and 24,947 girls . This indicates an increase of 513 boys (2percent) in term two compared to term 1 while for the girls it shows a decrease of 752 (2.93percent) . Enrolment in term II was comparable to term I attributed to lack of feeding programmes, pastoral migration especially in Tiaty, long distances to schools and ill health. There were 2.3 percent more boys in term two compared to girls. In Primary School there were 74,420 boys and 70,034 girls in term I, while in term II there were 75,289 boys and 70,640 girls. The enrollment in primary remained relatively the same for both boys and girls. Currently, school meals programme by National government, faith based organizations and other well-wishers may have contributed to the retention noted in term II. Overall, there are 3.2 percent more boys compared to girls. In Secondary school, in term I, there were 22,674 boys and 22,757 girls while in term II there were 22,168 boys and 22, 895 girls. The number of boys increased by 2.2percent in term II compared to term 1 while for the girls remained relatively the same. There are 1.6 per cent more boys compared to girls in the secondary schools. 4.1.2 Participation and Retention On average monthly attendance in early childhood development Center was 16,000 pupils in the five months per day this shows a decrease due to lack of School Feeding programmes. In Primary 50,000 pupils were in school in the five months per day. This shows an increase due to food support from well-wishers especially in Tiaty. While in Secondary 21,000 students were in school in the five months per day. This shows a decrease due to early pregnancies and boda boda business. Generally there were minimal dropouts in term two compared to term one 2019 and this was reflected in terms of sickness, transfers and effects of long distance to school from their homes. Page 20 of 30 4.1.3 School meals programme There are two types of school meals programme in the county namely:-Regular School Meals Programme supporting 115 primary schools in Tiaty Sub County and Home Grown School Meals Programme in 336 primary Schools in Baringo North, Baringo South, Mogotio and Baringo Central. In total the interventions supports 80,704 beneficiaries (41,444 boys and 39, 260 girls). 336 Primary schools that are under HGSMP have not received food for Term two. Inter Sectoral links where available Few schools have access to water pipeline connected to boreholes, dam (Kirandich, Chemususu, Kimao, Bartabwa). Some schools do roof catchment water harvesting, however, some have water storage facilities but do not have gutters and the tanks have not been installed. Most school get their water from directly fetching water seasonal rivers, water pans, boreholes. Sanitation is not adequate in most schools as there are no adequate hand washing facilities and toilets are not adequate. Girls in all primary schools in the County receive sanitary towels from the office of National government through the affirmative action fund which has a direct positive impact on girls attendance in schools. School performance is affected by availability and access to food at the household level. 4.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS 5.1 Prognosis Assumptions According to FEWS NETUSGS preliminary forecast, the short rains season (October - December 2019) are likely to be average with timely onset as at October. The county meteorological department indicates that there are likely to be above average rains in the county in the July and August season Based on the long term trends of prices (NDMA data), the staple food prices are expected to be stable and be on a downward trend but remain within the seasonal norms as maize harvests from seed maize are expected as from August while goat prices are likely to remain within the long term averages. Terms of trade are likely to remain low especially in the pastoral livelihood zone but remain within the seasonal normal precipitated by the changes in maize and goat prices as from August for the next three months. Based on analysis of the current forage condition and the expected rainfall, pasture and browse are likely to be available and last until the next season which starts in October. Based on trend analysis and the current availability of water, distances to water sources for livestock are expected to remain stable across the livelihood zones until the onset of the short rains in October. Distances and waiting time at the water source for domestic consumption are expected to remain normal for the next three months. 5.2 Food security Outlook (August-October) Pasture and browse conditions in the county are likely to be good following the anticipated July- August rainfall and as such the livestock body condition is expected to improve across all livelihoods. Improved livestock productivity in terms of availability of milk and meat at household Page 21 of 30 level is likely to be witnessed following anticipated minimal migrations. Water availability and accessibility is expected to improve across the livelihoods and households are likely to consume more than 15 litres per person per day. In terms of food accessibility, it is likely that food is likely to be physically available in the markets and that the prices for maize which is the staple food are anticipated to remain stable following the anticipated harvest as from August. Livestock prices may increase as a result of good body condition of the livestock and thus the purchasing power of households is expected to remain favourable through the three months under review. Food consumption patterns are likely to be improve as food will be readily available and accessible during this time and as such the nutrition status for the children under fives is likely to improve. No significant changes are expected in the livelihood coping strategies. No significant changes are expected in the mortality rates for the children under five years of age and the general population. The food security situation is likely to improve and as such some of the households that are currently classified as Stressed (IPC Phase 2) are expected to move to NoneMinimal (IPC Phase 1) as from October 2019 5.3 Food security Outlook (November - January) Livestock body conditions and productivity are expected to remain above normal following the expected continued rains in the July- August rains that will sustain the good forage condition across the livelihoods. The average performance of the October-December rains is also likely to sutain the livestock productivity further leading to increased milk production making it available for consumption at the household level. Water resources are likely to be fully recharged and as such water is likely to be available and accessible to the households for domestic consumption. Staple food prices are anticipated to remain stable as livestock prices slightly improve as per the seasonal trends. Consequenty, terms of trade are expected to improve slightlyand remain favourable for the livestock farmers enabling households to have good household purchasing power and access to food until December. In January however, the prices are likely to come down as a result of oversupply in the market as households are likely to be selling their animals to meet other household needs such as school fees. The proportion of households having acceptable food consumption scores are expected to increase following the available household stocks and favourable terms of trade. No significant changes are expected in the coping strategies and mortality rates. Nutrition status is likely to improve following availability of milk and other food at household level. More households that are currently classified as Crisis (IPC Phase 3) are expected to move to Stressed (IPC Phase 2) as at December 2019. 5.0 CONCLUSION AND INTERVENTIONS 6.1 Conclusion 6.1.1 Phase classification The Phase Classification in the mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zone is None Minimal (IPC Phase 1) while the agro pastoral livelihood zone is Stressed (IPC Phase 2). The pastoral livelihood zone particularly in Tiaty, it is classified in Crisis (IPC Phase 3). 6.1.2 Summary of Findings The long rains were cumulatively near normal however, temporal distribution was poor and spatial distribution was poor. Crop production is projected to be near normal with harvests from seed Page 22 of 30 maize expected as from August. In the pastoral livelihood zone, food availability in the markets is short termly below normal however, this is expected to change following the anticipated harvests from the irrigated cropping livelihood zone. Currently, households in the mixed farming livelihood zones have maize stocks sufficient to last for the next three months. Terms of trade are average in the mixed farming, irrigated cropping and agropastoral livelihood zone but below normal in the pastoral livelihood zone thus households in this livelihood zone are having a challenge in financial accessibility despite the physical availability of food in the market. In areas of Loruk, in Baringo North however, both physical and financial access is a limiting factor as there are no market activities going on. Water availability, access and utilization is normal for the households in the mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zones while consumption in the agro pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones is 10-15 litres per person per day a reduction from 15-20 litres per person per day. Livestock diseases reported in the county were endemic and thus are short-termly making households to be vulnerable by stressing the livelihoods. Food consumption patterns were good in the irrigated cropping, mixed farming and agropastoral livelihood zone as more than 80 percent of the households had acceptable food consumption scores. In the pastoral livelihood zone however, food consumption was borderline as more evidenced by the 35.3 percent who had borderline food consumption scores. Reduce coping strategy index indicated that households were employing stressed strategies and this is considered normal for time of the year. Nutrition status is still Serious in Baringo North and South based on weight for height z-scores while it is at Critical levels in Tiaty sub county in the pastoral livelihood zone. Utilization pillar is a challenge as evidenced by the low latrine coverage, poor sanitation practices and the low hygiene levels exhibited by the households. 6.1.3 Sub-county ranking Sub County Food security rank Main food security threat (if any) (Worst to Best) ( 1- Tiaty 1 - No pasture and browse - Inadequate water availability - Livestock diseases - Poor sanitation and hygiene practices Baringo North 2 - Livestock Migrations and Livestock deaths - Inadequate pasture and browse - Resource based conflicts - Erratic Rainfall Baringo South 3 - Water quality - Insecurity Mogotio 4 - Good rainfall performance - High crop production Baringo Central 5 - Good purchasing power - Livelihood diversified Page 23 of 30 Eldama Ravine 6 - Food availability, access and utilization - Good rainfall performance - Milk production is high 6.2 Interventions 6.2.1 Ongoing Interventions There is regular school meals programme (RSMP) and home grown school meals programme (HGSM) in the county which benefits 80,704pupils (41,444 boys and 39, 260 girls). Food aid in all livelihood ones by the Government of Kenya and Kenya Red Cross Society (GOKKRCS). A total of 4,660 household were reached with maize- 88,248 kilogrammes (kgs), Beans- 38,000 kilogrammes (38.0 metric tonnes) and Cooking Oil- 540liters. Non-food interventions Intervention Specific Location Cost No. of beneficiaries Implementa Implementation tion Time stakeholders Frame Male Female Micro nutrients All health 3,067,000 84,200 85,545 Routine MOH supported by supplementation (Vitamin facilities, selected UNICEF, WVK A, Zinc) ECD AfyaUzazi. community Health BCG(DHS). Units All health facilities. Management of Acute 100 health 231 52,600 54,892 Routine. BCG(DHS) Malnutrition (IMAM) facilities supported by, Surge at 8 health UNICEF and WVK. facilities in East Pokot. IYCN Interventions (EBF All health 1,000,000 52,600 54,892 BCG(DHS) and Timely Intro of facilities and supported by complementary Foods) community units AfyaUzazi. Iron Folate All health 500,000 30,944 Routine. BCG(DHS) Supplementation among facilities offering supported by WVK, Pregnant and Lactating ANC services UNICEF Women. Deworming All health 200,000 33,683 Routine. BCG(DHS) facilities ANC supported by WVK, UNICEF AfyaUzazi Integrated and sustainable All wards 20m 20000 households July Department of food production systems December Agriculture, 2019 Livestock and Fisheries, Water, WFP Page 24 of 30 Construction of grain store Kabartonjo 5M 1000 Households 20182020 Baringo County at Bartolimo Government- Provision of certified 18 wards 5000 Households 20192020 State department of avocado seedlings Irrigation and Government- NIB-Perkerra Control of FAW through All Wards 2M 20,000Households 20182020 Baringo County sensitization and supply of Government- demonstration Materials Department of (Traps, pheromones, and Agriculture chemical and spray) Plant Protection services department (PPSD) Agribusiness All wards 90 youth groups in WFP, Baringo Empowerment project 45M Agribusiness County Government Soil and water Barwessa 50 m 3000 2 yrs MOALFMOE management- RLACC Bartabwa wards Farm Ponds Development All wards 500m 10000 HH Continuous State Department of Irrigation, County Government Of Baringo Rehabilitation of Kiboi Barwessa 750M 800 5years MOALF irrigation scheme and construction of Kaptiony- Kiboi dam Distribution of 38,000 Kabarnet, 2 Million 8000 2018-2019 State department of coffee seedlings Kapropita, crops development, . Ewalelchapchap, Baringo county Sacho, Tenges, Government- Mogotio, Department of Koibatek, Agriculture Mochongoi Provision of Sahiwal bulls county-wise 1.0M 1,200HH Jul2019-Jul for upgrading purposes-10 2021 bulls Disease control County-wise 30M PPR-750,000 Mar,2019- MOALF, (vaccinations against FMD, FMD-100,000 Aug,2019 CGB CPP, Blanthrax, PPR 58,077 shoats RPLRP Provision of pasture seeds Baringo south, 2.M 200HH Mar,2019- MOALF, (1 Ton) Baringo north, Jul, 2019 BCG Tiaty, Baringo central, Mogotio Provision of fencing Baringo South 2M 200HH Mar,2019- MOALF, Material to PFS (6) Baringo Central Jul, 2019 BCG Page 25 of 30 Mogotio RPLRP Provision of incubators to Baringo South 5M 10,200HH Mar,2019- MOALF, groups and day old chicks Baringo Central Jul, 2019 BCG to groups Mogotio RPLRP WATER Water trucking Institutions 1.5 M 30 Institutions 1 -3 Months BCG, GDC, WV, BH rehabilitation Community Water 25M 3580HH BCG, NG, RCS, supplies 1 3 ACTED, Months ACTIONAID, GDC Water Boozer servicing and 3 Sub counties 1M County 1 3 BCG, NG, NDMA repair Months Capacity building on water County 1M 3 Sub counties 1 3 KRCS, WV, management Months ACTED, ACTIONAID, WFP, UNCEF Water supplies County 90M 2160 HH 1 6 BCG, NG, KRCS, Rehabilitation and Months WV, UNCEF, WFP, upgrading CIM, NDMA Rehabilitation of BHs County 72M 1670 HH 1 Year BCG, NG, KRCS, WV, UNCEF, WFP, CIM, NDMA Drilling and Equipping of County 33M 2620 HH 1 Year BCG, NG, KRCS, BHs WV, UNCEF, WFP, Capacity building on water County 4.5M 2130 HH 1 Year BCG, NG, KRCS, management and WV, UNCEF, WFP, Catchment protection CIM, NDMA Dairy Production Kaptara Primary 200,000 350 (195 Boys, 155 2019-2020 Board of Mango production Kaptara Primary 500,000 450 (195 Boys, 155 2019-2024 Board of Hay Production Loruk Primary 50,000 500 ( Boys 260, 240 2019-2022 Board of School girls) management Apiculture Chepnyorgin 30,000 290 (150 Boys, 140 2019-2025 Board of Primary girls) management Page 26 of 30 Remarks: Resources required, Available resources, Contribution of each stakeholder 6.2.2 Recommended Interventions Sub county Population Proposed Remarks Modality Percentage of ( Wards) people in need Tiaty 168,703 20-25 CFA Baringo North 118,797 10-15 CFA Baringo South 106,722 10-15 CFA Mogotio 60,962 5-10 CFA Baringo Central 98,918 0 CFA Eldama Ravine 149,594 0 CFA Non-food interventions Sub County Intervention No. of Proposed Implementers Required Available Time Ward beneficiaries Resources Resources Frame All Mass screening 80 sites BCG(DHS), AfyaUzazi, 3M 240,000 July-Oct KRCS, WVK Beyond 2019 zero clinics Catholic mission East Pokot, Integrated medical 40 hotspot BCG(DHS), AfyaUzazi, 5M 0.3M July-Oct Baringo outreaches sites KRCS, WVK 2019 North, Beyond zero clinics Marigat Catholic mission mogotio All Purchase and distribute BCG(DHS), AfyaUzazi, 1.48M 480,000 July-Oct water treatment drugs KRCS, WVK 2019 ALL Increase in provision of 8000HH -MOALF -Funds to -technical 1 year farm inputs to farmers buy seed personnel Jan. (seed, planting and top and to train Nov. dressing fertilizers fertilizers farmers 2017 -technical personnel to train farmers cost: 50 M ALL Water Harvesting for 10000HH Ministry of Agriculture Funds, Technical 2018- household food Livestock and Irrigation, Technical personnel 2022 security- Farm ponds personnel and equipping existing Cost:1bn Page 27 of 30 ones and irrigation Baringo County schemes Government, WFP, Development partners ALL Post Harvest 20,000HH MOALFI, Baringo Funds Technical One year technologies promotion County Government and cost: 10m staff stakeholders All Support youth 60 youth County Government of Funds 24m Technical July engagement in groups in Baringo Department of officers December Agribusiness project Agribusiness Agriculture, Livestock 2019 and Fisheries, WFP, ALL Control of FAW 25000 Baringo County 3Million Technical July- through sensitization Households Government-Department Officers December and supply of of Agriculture 2019 demonstration Materials and training Plant Protection services (Traps, pheromones, department(PPSD) and chemical and sprayers) FAO - Provision of pasture 1,500HH BCG(MOALF),Nat. 10M - Aug, BaringoNorth seeds Govt.(RPLRP) 2019- -Tiaty NDMA Dec, 2019 -Baringo - South Mogotio Mogotio, Disease Countywide BCG, National 8M 2M Aug, Marigat(Blue control(vaccinations government and 2019- tongue) against, RVF,CCPP Development partners Dec, 2019 All areas Disease surveillance (FMD) -Baringo Establishment of 41,500 HH MOALF 54.088 M - Aug North strategic livestock feed BCG 2019- -Tiaty reserves; 3 in Tiaty, 2 in NDMA(EU) Dec,2012 -Baringo - Baringo North 2 in Partners South Baringo south and 1 in Mogotio Mogotio All sub- Hay harvesting and 41,500HH BCG 60M - Aug county baling machinery RPLRP 2019- 1 per sub-county KCSAP Dec,2012 WATER SECTOR Community Rehabilitation 2640HH BCG, NG, KRCS, WV, 43M - 1- 3 Water Servicing of pumping UNCEF, NDMA, WFP, months Supplies in units ACTED, ACTION AID, Pastoral, ADS, Page 28 of 30 Community Roof Water harvesting 120 BCG, NG, KRCS, WV, 12M - 1- 3 Water structures 10,000ltrs Vulnerable UNCEF, NDMA, WFP, months Supplies in PVC tanks Institutions ACTED, ACTION AID, Pastoral, Communities. ADS, FINN CHURCH Agro- AID Community Stock piling of Fast- 1200HH BCG, NG, KRCS, WV, 7M 1- 5 Water Moving Spares 23 UNCEF, NDMA, WFP, months Supplies in community water ACTED, ACTION AID, Pastoral, supplies ADS Community Water Bowser 4 Sub BCG, NG, KRCS, WV, 5M 1- 5 Water servicing and repairs counties UNCEF, NDMA, WFP, months Supplies in including Motor ACTED, ACTION AID, Pastoral, vehicle tyres provision ADS Community Capacity building on Whole county BCG, NG, KRCS, WV, 10 M 1- 5 Water WASH Water UNCEF, NDMA, WFP, months Supplies in Management and ACTED, ACTION AID, Pastoral, Catchment protection ADS, CIM Across all Drilling and Equipping 2300HH BCG, NG, KRCS, WV, 90M 15M 1 - 5 yrs livelihoods in of 12 strategic BHs UNCEF, NDMA, WFP, most along migratory routes ACTED, ACTION AID, vulnerable and settlement areas ADS, CIM Wards Community Construction and 3800HH BCG, NG, RCS, WV, 80 M 20M 1 5 yrs Water Rehabilitation of 10 UNCEF, NDMA, CIM, Supplies in potential water supplies WFP Pastoral, Page 29 of 30 Potential sites Construction of 4Small 12,000HH BCG, NG, RCS, WV, 800M 30M 1 -5Yrs within the dams for domestic and UNCEF, NDMA, CIM, county to irrigation water use WFP serve the low lands Community Capacity building on 1600HH BCG, NG, RCS, WV, 20M - 1 - 5Yrs Water Wash Water UNCEF, NDMA, CIM, Supplies in managementResources WFP Pastoral, Mobilization Conflict Agro- resolution and Pastoral and management and Marginal Catchment protection County wide Roof water harvesting 52 schools Ministry of water, 6,760,000 1,300,000 2019- in schools (10, 450 Ministry of Education. 2020 pupils and NDMA , Rift valley students) water works development Authority County wide School meals 336 schools WFP, Ministry of 66,580,800 2019- programme in primary (80,704 Education 2020 schools pupils ) County wide School meals and 51,320 WFP, Ministry of 92,376,000 16,000,000 2019- nutrition programme in (25,621 boys, Education, County 2020 ECDE 25,699 girls) government, County educational and vocational training department Page 30 of 30