BARINGO COUNTY 2022 LONG RAINS FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT A joint report by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) and Baringo County Steering Group (CSG), July 2022 The 2022 long rains assessment in Baringo County was conducted by technical members of the County Steering Group (CSG) and supported remotely by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG). The assessment was carried out in the four major livelihoods namely; Mixed Farming, Pastoral, Agro-Pastoral and Irrigated Cropping livelihood zones. The main objective of the assessment was to develop an objective, evidencebased and transparent food and nutrition security situation analysis following the long rains of 2022. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were applied to carry out the situation analysis. The onset of the long rains was late in the second dekad of April against a normal of second dekad of March and it was characterized by uneven spatial and poor temporal distribution while cessation was normal in the last dekad of May. Area under rainfed maize production was near normal but the projected yield is expected to be 60 percent of long-term average (LTA) due to poor rainfall performance, crop pest infestation, crop failure and high cost of farm inputs. Household stocks are at 29 percent of LTA and only available in Eldama Ravine sub-county and expected to last for less than two months. Area under irrigated agriculture was above LTA and therefore the projected yield will be above normal for most of the crops but the potential yield vis a vis the prepared acreage will not be realized due to reduced water flow in the rivers. Forage conditions are in poor to fair conditions in Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones and expected to last for two to three months while livestock body condition for cattle is poor to fair. Most of the cattle in the Pastoral livelihood zone are yet to return to their normal wet season grazing fields due to poor pasture conditions. Milk production and consumption is still below LTA but showing marginal signs of recovery. In Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral zones, there was above normal livestock mortality rate of 3-5 percent for cattle at the start of the season due to drought impacts, against a normal of less than two percent. Market operations were mainly normal but characterized by very high food prices especially for maize while livestock prices for cattle were below LTA but near normal for goats and sheep. Terms of trade have been on a deteriorating trend and stood at 29 percent by June thus weakening purchasing power for Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral households. The most common sources of water were boreholes and water pans in Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones while rivers, shallow wells and water springs were the most common in other livelihood zones. Most of the water pans had 20-30 percent of their normal capacity in Pastoral zone and 40-50 percent in Agro- Pastoral zone. The cost of water at water source was normal but waiting time and household water consumption were below LTA but on an improving trend. A significant proportion of households in Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral zones do not have acceptable food consumption score at 56 and 37 percent respectively while households applying food based coping strategies (rCSI) were 39, 24 and 37 percent for none coping, stressed and crisis respectively. For livelihood coping strategies, about 46 percent of households did not apply any coping while 32 and 22 percent had stressed and crisis strategies. There was a marginal increase in enrolment of learners across all levels of education compared to the previous term by 17, 2.5 and 2.0 percent for ECDE, primary and secondary levels respectively. For school feeding program, about 87 and 68 percent of learners in ECDE and primary schools were under schools meals programs respectively. The overall county IPC phase classification is in phase 3 (Crisis). The Pastoral, Marginal mixed and Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones are in IPC phase 3 (Crisis), while the Irrigated cropping and Mixed farming livelihood zones are in phase 1 (NoneMinimal). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ........................................................................................................... i 3.1.1 Crops production .......................................................................................................................... 4 3.1.2 Cereal stocks ................................................................................................................................ 6 3.1.3 Livestock production.................................................................................................................... 7 3.1.4 Impact on availability................................................................................................................. 12 3.2.1 Market operations ...................................................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 Market Prices ............................................................................................................................. 13 3.2.3 Terms of trade ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.2.4 Income sources ........................................................................................................................... 14 3.2.5 Water access and availability ..................................................................................................... 15 3.2.6 Food consumption ...................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.7 Coping strategy .......................................................................................................................... 18 3.3.1 Morbidity and mortality patterns ............................................................................................... 19 3.3.2 Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation ......................................................................... 20 3.3.3 Nutrition status and dietary diversity ......................................................................................... 21 3.3.4 Sanitation and hygiene ............................................................................................................... 22 3.5.1 Access (Enrolment) .................................................................................................................... 24 3.5.2 Food availability in schools during the season .......................................................................... 25 3.5.3 Water availability in schools during the season ......................................................................... 25 3.5.4 Effect of the season on school infrastructure ............................................................................. 26 3.5.4 Inter sector links ......................................................................................................................... 26 5.1.1 Phase classification .................................................................................................................... 28 5.1.2 Summary of findings .................................................................................................................. 28 5.1.3 Sub-county ranking .................................................................................................................... 29 5.2.1 Food interventions...................................................................................................................... 30 5.2.2 Non-food interventions .............................................................................................................. 30 5.3.1 Food interventions...................................................................................................................... 33 5.3.2 Non-food interventions .............................................................................................................. 34 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 County background Others Baringo County borders Pastoral 1 Turkana and Samburu livelihood Irrigated crop zone Counties to the North, 4 29 Laikipia to the East, Nakuru and Kericho to the South, Uasin Gishu to the South West, and Elgeyo - Marakwet and West Pokot to the West. The county covers Mixed Agropastoral an approximate area of Farming 14 11,015 square kilometers (Km2) with a population of 666,783 persons (2019 Figure 1: Livelihood populations Housing and Population census, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics). The county is divided into six (6) Sub-counties, namely: - Baringo North, Baringo Central, Baringo South, Mogotio, Tiaty and Eldama Ravine. There are four main livelihood zones in the county which include Mixed farming, Pastoral, Agro-Pastoral and Irrigated cropping (Figure 1). The main hazards in the county across the livelihoods are drought, water shortages and conflicts. Other hazards are crop pests and diseases in the Irrigated cropping and the Mixed farming livelihood zones. 1.2 Objectives of the assessment The main objective of the 2022 Long Rains Food and Nutrition Security Assessment (LRA) was to conduct an objective, evidence-based and transparent food security situation analysis following the performance of the 2022 long rains season in Baringo county, taking into account the cumulative effect of previous seasons, and to provide recommendations for possible response options based on the situation analysis. Specifically, the assessment was aimed at ascertaining at livelihood level, the quantity and quality of the 2022 long rains and assess the impact of the season on food and nutrition security situation, obtain adequate and reliable information for projecting food security needs, assess the geographical spread of other hazards and determine the impact of the shocks on livelihoods. The exercise further assessed the impact on livelihoods including crop and livestock production, markets, water, nutrition status and socio-economic conditions, take stock of the available response activities addressing food insecurity and malnutrition and to establish required non-food intervention, with particular emphasis on programs that promote preparedness and build household resilience and finally to assess potential food needs, including options for appropriate transfer modalities such as food for assets, cash and vouchers, safety nets and general food distribution. 1.3 Methodology and approach The 2022 long rains assessment exercise was conducted by a multi-sectoral and multi-agency team comprising of the County Steering Group and technical experts from the Departments of agriculture, livestock, water, education and health and nutrition at the county level. The assessment was conducted from 4th to 15th July 2022. The process started with the initial CSG briefing of the aims and objectives of the assessment followed by sector presentations and later a review of the sector checklists. The technical teams then proceeded to the field for a fact-finding mission upon sampling representative sites based on livelihood zones, with the aim of triangulating the information provided in the checklists with the actual situation on the ground. The process involved an in-depth analysis of primary data collected through Key Informant Interviews (KII), semi-structured community Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) comprising both gender, market surveys and sectoral checklists. During the transect drives, visual inspection techniques were also employed and observations noted. Secondary data was collected through the checklists which were administered to the relevant departments for collection of quantitative data and gave sectoral briefs during the county steering group. Other data that was available to assist in the analysis included livelihood zone data, satellite data for rainfall, routine Demographic Health Information Systems (DHIS) data, National Drought Management Authority bulletins and SMART survey report among others. Data collected was analysed at the sub-county and livelihood zone levels and sectoral county reports prepared. Further analysis was done using the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) reference tools. The team finally drafted the county report whose preliminary findings were presented to the CSG for adoption and ownership. 2.0 DRIVERS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE COUNTY 2.1 Rainfall Performance The onset of the long rains season was late compared to the previous seasons and was observed during the second dekad of April against a normal of second dekad of March. The amount received was mostly below normal in most parts of the county translating to about 79-90 percent of the normal rains for the season (Figure 2). Parts of Baringo North, Baringo South, Baringo Central and Mogotio sub- counties received about 51-75 percent of the normal rains. Only ChuroAmaya ward in Tiaty sub-county received normal rains for the season under review. The distribution in time was poor with about 42 percent of the total amount of rains for the season being received during the third dekad of April while spatial distribution was uneven. The cessation of the season was normal during the third dekad of May. The county has also experienced some off-season rains mostly during the month of July with fair temporal and even spatial distribution. Figure 2: Rainfall performance 2.2 InsecurityConflict During the season under review, the county did experience sporadic cases of banditry attacks mostly in Baringo South and Baringo North sub-counties. The affected wards include SaimoSoi, Bartabwa, Muchongoi and part of Kollowa (Kipnai) whereby about 4,000 households were affected. These banditry attacks affected land preparatory activities including digging and planting due to displacement and tension. The national government has imposed a dawn to dusk curfew in Tiaty sub-county in an effort to restore peace. 2.3 Other shocks and hazards Shocks Crop failure A number of farms are likely to report crop failure across the county due to poor performance of the season whereby the most affected crop was beans. High food commodity prices Cereal prices were extremely high especially for maize crop whereby the prices increased by over 100 percent compared to the long-term mean (LTA). Prices of other food stuff including fruits and vegetables were also very high thus posing access challenges. Hazards Crop pests African Army Worms There was an invasion African army worms during the mid-season affecting about 10 percent of the farms. However, the pests are disappearing slowly due to the impact of the off-season rains. 3.0 IMPACTS OF DRIVERS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 3.1 Availability 3.1.1 Crops production The long rains season is very important for food and nutrition security as the county heavily depends on it for the production of various crops and recharge of water bodies for irrigation purposes, contributing to over 90 percent of the county annual food requirements. In the year 2022 the County received below normal rains which affected land preparation and planting for crops. Most of the farmers did not plant during the season and this reduced the area under rain fed crop farming, for instance, area under maize and beans was 96 and 78 percent respectively of their LTA achievement. Table 1 shows main food crops grown in the County which include maize, beans, millets, Irish potatoes, cowpeas and sorghum. Other crops are horticultural crops (Fruits and vegetables) and Cash crops (Coffee, Cotton, Macadamia, and pyrethrum). Table 1 : Contribution of crops to income and food Livelihood Crop Income Food Agro-Pastoral Maize 10 90 Beans 15 85 Finger millet 40 60 Cowpeas 40 60 Mixed Maize 40 60 Beans 40 60 Finger millet 30 70 Irrigated Maize 80 20 Tomatoes 90 10 Water melons 90 10 Rain fed agriculture The area planted during the current season with maize was near normal at 96 percent of the LTA (Table 2) and this is due to depressed season, the most affected sub-counties being Mogotio, lower parts of Baringo North, Baringo Central, Baringo South, Eldama Ravine and Tiaty. The crops were showing signs of water stress in all lower areas of the county that might end up into crop failure but along Tugen hills and upper parts of Eldama Ravine there was a good crop There were reported cases of infestation by field pests whereby about 21 percent of the area planted was affected by the African army worms across the county and the dry spells that occurred within the season created a favorable condition for the multiplication of the pest. The projected production for maize is expected to be about 60 percent of the LTA in the county and this was contributed by crop failure in county estimated to be at 56 percent. The estimated crop failure rates are 35, 80, 65, 55, and 70 percent for Eldama Ravine, Mogotio, Baringo North, Baringo Central, and Baringo South sub counties respectively while 55 percent of the crops in the irrigated areas is likely to fail. The area under sorghum decreased by 13 percent due to delayed onset of the season. The crops conditions are poor to fair due to moisture stress and even though the county has received some off-season rains, some of these crops will not be able to recover. In a normal year by now most of the maize crop would be in milkygrain filling stage and beans at harvesting stage, but this year most of the crops are at vegetative stage whereby they are being affected by moisture stress leading to wilting. Table 2: Rainfed agriculture Crop Area planted Long Term 2022 Long rains Long Term during 2022 Average (5 year) season production Average (5 year) Long rains area planted during (90 kg bags) production during season the long rains season ProjectedActual the long rains (Ha) (Ha) season (90 kg bags) 1. Maize 39,640 41,133 594,600 1,028,325 2. Beans 17,650 22,505 264,750 450,100 3. Sorghum 1,580 1,800 1,300 18,000 4. Irish Potatoes 2,000 1,289 156,750 13,020 Irrigated crop production The area under maize was above the LTA by 640 percent and this was attributed to the fact that most farmers who were able to access irrigation water opted to plant maize in the schemes and by pumping water from rivers (Table 3). This was mainly done in three sub-counties where there was expansion in acreage under irrigation namely Mogotio, Baringo North and Baringo South. The area under seed maize also increased as more schemes were brought on board in seed production like Loboi Lorwai and Mosuro irrigation schemes in Baringo South which had continuous supply of water. In other irrigation schemes there was decreased river water flow which was caused by depressed rains hence 55 percent crop failure is likely to be realized. Most of the crops in irrigation schemes are for income generation especially seed maize, water melons and tomatoes. About 20 to 40 percent of the prepared acreage under irrigation was not utilized due to low water volumes in the rivers. Table 3:Irrigated agriculture Crop Area planted Long Term 2022 Long rains Long Term Average during the 2022 Average (3 years) season (3 years) production Long rains area planted production during Long rains season during Long rains (90 kg bagsMT) season (ha) season (ha) Projectedactual (90 kg bagsMT) Maize 320 50 8,000 1,500 Beans 25 24 375 480 Tomatoes 86 119 1,820 1,235 Water melons 32 85 480 1700 Seed Maize 3,500 1,524 78,052 155,150 3.1.2 Cereal stocks Table 4: Cereal stocks Commodity Maize Rice Sorghum Green grams Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Households 84,654 290,864 296 468 245 620 Traders 98,645 34,928 3,087 1,056 336 324 280 150 Millers 22,400 8,382 Food 8 3 AidNCPB Totals 205,699 334,174 3,095 1,059 632 794 525 770 Households The stocks held by households was 29 percent of the LTA (Table 4) and this was due to the poor harvest realized last year and over the other preceding years. The bulk of the stock is in Eldama Ravine sub-county at 45 percent whereby they didnt have avenue for their stock disposal such as National Cereal and Produce Board but with high prices currently the farmers are releasing them to the markets. Most farmers in other areas depleted their stocks as they bought inputs in preparation for the long rains season. Traders The traders also had their stock above the LTA at 282 percent due to anticipated crop failure and prevailing high prices, following the poor performance of the long rains season. In the affected areas, price of cereals has gone up thus straining the families economically. About 80 percent of the households depend on the markets for their food supply and are mostly to be found in Pastoral, Agro-Pastoral and Irrigated livelihood zones. The increase in food prices has also influenced the increase in stocks by traders as compared to last year when the prices were relatively normal. Millers Millers stocks are above LTA at 267 percent and this was due to the fact that most households were purchasing maize flour directly from the small millers (Posho Millers). The looming crop failure plus increase in cereal prices also contributed to the high stocks being held. Traders and millers have more stocks in the Pastoral, Agro-Pastoral and Irrigated livelihood zones as the community depends entirely on markets. In a normal year the stocks are expected to last for five to six months until the next crop harvest but for now the available stocks may last for one month in the Mixed farming livelihood zone while in Agro-Pastoral and Irrigated livelihood zones there are no stock due to poor harvest. The county has not experienced food safety issues that include aflatoxin and high moisture content levels. 3.1.3 Livestock production The main livestock species in Baringo County include; cattle, goats, sheep, hived honeybees, poultry and camels. The government has put effort to promote rabbit farming. Lactating camels are known to provide milk even in dry periods and can form good protein source during the dry period. The long rains in Baringo County are very important for pasture and fodder production. Agricultural by-products, namely, maize stalks, maize cobs, sorghum, millet straw and the legume by products are important as conserved feeds for future use. These by-products are important for their utilization during dry periods and hence supplement strategic feed reserves in the ASAL wards in the county. Currently, the hazards affecting the sector include; under-performance of long rains, resulting to poor pastures and browse, insecurity and livestock diseases. Table 5 shows the significance of livestock production to food and income. Table 5: Contribution of livestock to food and income Livelihood zone Percent contribution Food Income Mixed farming 25 30 Irrigated cropping 35 15 Agro-Pastoral 50 50 Pastoral 70 85 Pasture and browse conditions Forage conditions were below the expected level, in both quantity and quality, and this was attributed to poor performance of four consecutive rainfall seasons. The pastures were expected to last for 1.5 months, in both Mixed and Irrigated cropping livelihood zones and one month in the Agro-Pastoral and Pastoral livelihood zones (Table 6). Browse was in fair to good condition across the livelihood zones. Some invasive species are present in the Pastoral livelihood particularly in Tiaty West sub-county. Factors limiting forage access were insecurity tensions around Saimosoi and Bartabwa wards, Arabal area in Baringo South sub county and Kapedo areas bordering Turkana County. African Army Worm invasion was reported in the county affecting crops, which would have later provided feeds as agricultural by-products. The worms also affected germination and sprouting of pastures hence reducing their development. Table 6: Pasture and browse conditions Liveliho Pasture Browse od Zone Condition Projected Factor Condition Projected Factor Duration to s Duration to s last (Months) limitin last (month) limitin access access Curre Norm Curre Norm Curre Norm Curre Norm nt al nt al nt al nt al Mixed Fair to Good 1.5 3 No Fair to Good 2 3 No farming good limit good limit Irrigated Fair to Good 1.5 3 No Fair to Good 2 3 No cropping good limit good limits Agro- Fair Good 1 3 No Fair to Good 1.5 3 No Pastoral limit good limit Pastoral Poor Good 1 3 Insecur Fair to Good 1.5 3 Insecur ity good ity tension tension Pasture Conservation: Table 7 shows the pasture conservation status in the county. The existing bales are extremely below the holding capacity of the county stores and what was being consumed during the season was mostly imported from outside the county as internal production declined significantly due to poor rainfall performance. There is Mogotio Livestock Improvement Centre which has hay balers and does services to the farmers in hay baling. The quantity of crop residues as forage will decline due to expected poor crop performance, whereby more than 50 percent of the crop will fail at a young stage which will not be sufficient to compensate for the normal residues realized during harvesting time. Table 7: Baled hay status Livelihood No. of Storage No. of Average Average Comments E.g. Zone Hay Capacity Bales Weight price per percentage held by Stores (Total currently per bale bale farmers and other number being held (in Kgs) (Kshs.) Institutions of bales) Baringo 20 10,500 2,500 15 400 2 are held by KVDA South 88 Held by farmers Baringo 10 20,000 3,000 15 350 30 by farmers and 70 Central by Association. ERavine 30 600,000 130,000 15 350 80 by farmers 10 FCS 10 by groups Tiaty 0 0 0 0 0 NA Farmers graze directly but some harvest seeds Baringo 25 280,000 4,520 15 350 100 by farmers from North community stores and traders Mogotio 8 570,000 120,000 15 350 75 By farmer groups 25 by individuals Livestock productivity Livestock body condition Table 8: Livestock body condition Livelihood Cattle Sheep Goat Camel Zone Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Mixed BCS 3 to BCS 4 BCS 3 to BCS 4 BCS 4 BCS 4 farming 4 4 NA NA Irrigated BCS 3 to BCS 4 BCS 3 to BCS 4 BCS 4 BCS 4 cropping 4 4 Agro- BCS 3 BCS 4 BCS 2 to BCS 4 BCS 3 to BCS 4 BCS 4 BCS 4 Pastoral 3 4 Pastoral BCS 2 to BCS 4 BCS 2 to BCS 4 BCS 2 to BCS 4 BCS 4 BCS 4 3 3 3 (NB: LCS 1 Very Poor-Very thin, LCS 2Poor, LCS 3Fair, LCS 4 Good, LCS 5 Very Good) The livestock body condition slightly improved compared with the previous assessment. The improvement was attributed to gradual improvement of the contributing factors such as forage, water, trekking distance and decline of disease occurrences. The body condition was expected to improve further if rainfall performance improves. COVID-19 has not been reported as having affected Livestock and hence has no effect on livestock body condition. Table 8 shows livestock body condition score by livelihood zones. Tropical livestock unit (LTU) Table 9: Tropical livestock unit Livelihood zone Poor income households Medium income households Mixed Farming 2.8 3 5.8 6.5 Irrigated cropping 3.2 3.5 5.3 7.5 Agro-Pastoral 3.8 5.2 7.5 9 Pastoral 6.2 6.3 9.8 13 Average 4.0 4.5 7.1 9 The average TLUs in poor income households were 4.0 against a normal of 4.5 while in medium income households average TLUs were 7.1 against a normal of 9. Compared to the last assessment, the TLUs for both poor and medium income households declined slightly and this was mainly attributed to the above normal livestock mortality rates during the drought period observed at the beginning of the year. Birth rate The calving, kidding and lambing rates were below normal at 2.5 percent and this was attributed to deterioration of forage conditions. The poor rainfall performance affected all contributing factors including, good nutrition, and increased trekking distance to water points. The calving, kidding and lambing rates depend on status of pastures across all livelihood zones during conception period. Milk Production and consumption The prices of milk went up as a result of decrease in supply, which emanated from decline in production (Table 10). Consumption was also lower than the normal. The low milk production was attributed to deterioration in forage conditions both in quantity and quality whereby this was due to poor rainfall performance. Table 10: Milk production Livelihood zone Milk production per Milk consumption per Prices (KES) household (Lts) household (Lts) Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Mixed farming 4 8 1.8 3 75 40 Irrigated cropping 3 8 0.7 2.5 75 45 Agro-Pastoral 2.8 4 1.0 3 75 50 Pastoral 1.0 3 0.5 4 90 60 Livestock migration During the season under review, there were above normal livestock migration between the months of March and April at the peak of the drought that was being witnessed in the county. The migrations were triggered by search for pastures which have been in poor condition or depleted for some time. Others were also due to insecurity. The migratory routes included ChuroAmaya in Laikipia County, KolloaTirioko in West Pokot-UgandaTurkanaLupeitonLokorin areas, Silale- Malaso at Turkana County border, Kasarani, Tangulbei-LaikipiaMochongoiBeyong Malaso (MoruakirinMarti), Barketiew-Kerio Valley, Barwessa. Sibilo and Mogotio in Rongai sub- county. After the onset of the long rains, all county livestock started normal migrations which were internal. Projected trend of Migration Most of the cattle are yet to return to their normal wet grazing fields in the Pastoral zone due to the poor conditions of the pastures. If the off-season rains are not sustained, then pasture recovery may not be realized and therefore trigger another phase of livestock migration within and outside the county. The migratory routes are likely to be the same as the above ones. Livestock Diseases and Mortalities Livestock diseases The main endemic diseases in the county were Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia (CCPP) and Peste des Petit Ruminants (PPR) (Table 11). Other disease cases for Lumpy Skin Disease and Foot Mouth Disease were reported. Vaccination against LSD, CCPP was done in Baringo North, Baringo South, Baringo Central and Mogotio sub-counties. Deworming was also done in the county with funding from FAO. According to the county assessment report, about 16,873 cattle succumbed to drought impacts during the period under review, raising the mortality rate to 3.5-5 percent against a normal of two percent. Most of these deaths were reported in the Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones, especially in Tiaty and Mogotio sub-counties. Table 11: Livestock diseases Sub- Disease Area Reported Livestock Livestock Measures county lost taken(Vaccinations) Baringo CCPP Endemic Goats No Vaccinations Central livestock PPR Salawa, Kaptara Cattleshoats Vaccinations ECF Kapkelelwa Cattle Vaccinations reported Tiaty CCPP Sub-county wise Goats NR Ring vaccination done PPR Sub-county wise Sheep and NR Ring vaccination done goats Eldama FMD Koibatek, Lembus Cattle Suspected 7,000 vaccinated Ravine Pekerra Baringo Goat and Losampurpur Goats and 20 cases-3 No vaccination done South sheep pox sheep deaths CCPP Kimorok Goats 30 No vaccination done affectes-2 Baringo CCPP Sub-county-wise Goats No deaths 500 vaccinated North (Endemic) PPR Barwessa, Shoats 20 400 Vaccinated at Barwessa Rabies All wards dogs No deaths 200 vaccinated ECF Kabartonjo, Saimo Cattle No deaths 60 vaccinated Kipsaraman Helminths Saimosoi Cattle, sheep, No deaths 22,000 livestock goats dewormed Water for Livestock Variations in water sources and trekking distance are due to low recharge level and drying up of most water sources. The water pans recharge levels are at 30 to 40 percent in Pastoral livelihood zones and 40 to 50 percent in Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones. The low levels are attributed to underperformance of rains and high temperatures and hence high transpiration rates. The camel performance is barely affected by watering frequency. There is no known effect of COVID-19 on livestock water. The variation in watering frequency is due to availability or lack of water, trekking distance and insecurity. Tables 12, 13 and 14 show water sources, trekking distances, expected duration to last and watering frequencies. Table 12: Livestock water sources Livelihood Sources zone Current Normal Mixed farming Rivers, springs, piped water, Streams, Rivers, springs, piped water, boreholes, boreholes, Irrigated Rivers, shallow wells and springs. Rivers, shallow wells and springs. Agro-Pastoral Water pans, Boreholes, Streams, water pans, Boreholes Pastoral Bore-holes, water pans. Water Water-pans, Bore-holes, rivers wells Table 13: Trekking distances Livelihood zone Return trekking distances Expected duration to last (Kms) (Months) Mixed farming 1-2 2 Throughout Throughout Irrigated cropping 1-2 2 Throughout Throughout Agro-Pastoral 6-10 4-6 2 3 Pastoral 4-10 4-7 2 3 Table 14: Livestock watering frequency Livelihoo Cattle Camels Goats Sheep d zone Curren Norma Curren Norma Curren Norma Curren Norma t l t l t l t l Mixed 7 7 NA NA 7 7 7 7 Irrigated 7 7 NA NA 7 7 7 7 Agro- 5 7 5 7 5 7 5 7 Pastoral 4 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 3.1.4 Impact on availability Rain fed crop production which provides over 90 percent of annual county food requirements during the long rains season will be poor hence the projected yield is expected to be less than 60 percent of the LTA. This implies that households will not be able to replenish their household stocks which currently stand at less than 30 of the LTA. Households are therefore expected to continue relying on markets for their food requirements for the next 12 months. Livestock productivity will be below normal especially for cattle whose body condition is yet to recover to normal conditions and therefore affect milk production and consumption. Households are expected to complement their milk requirements through purchases from the local markets. Goats are likely to recover their normal body condition due to availability of adequate browse and therefore are expected to attract better prices in the markets as a source of income, which can then be used to access food for the Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral households. 3.2 Access 3.2.1 Market operations The main markets for livestock in the county include Kipsaraman, Barwessa, Loruk and Kinyach in Baringo North; Kolloa, Nginyang, Tangulbei and Amaya in Tiaty; Marigat, Kabel in Baringo South; Kaptara in Baringo Central; Majimoto, and Emining in Mogotio, including Iloti, Kapchorua and Kapcholoi in Eldama Ravine sub-counties. The main livestock species being traded are the goats, sheep and cattle across the livelihood zones with the goats forming the bulk of the traded animals. There are fewer cattle in the markets compared to a normal year and this has been attributed to by the poor livestock body condition as farmers have opted to keep them at home for the recovery of the body condition. This has affected the cattle prices as they are lower than LTA although on an improving trend. The market conditions are generally on a gradual recovery mode following a long drought spell which affected traded animal volumes for the season under review. There were no market disruptions reported during the season and the buyers of the animals were coming from both within and outside the county including Nairobi, Nakuru, Uasin Gishu among others. The traded volumes and livestock prices are likely to pick up in the next three months as the livestock body condition improves due to the ongoing pasture and browse regeneration. On the other hand, cereals prices were extremely high compared to LTA, a factor that affected access as there were fewer buyers in the markets purchasing cereals and other food stuffs. Most of the maize was being sourced from outside the county, with some coming from the neighboring countries of Uganda and Tanzania. 3.2.2 Market Prices Maize prices The average price of a kilogram of maize Maize Prices Baringo County-June 2022 increased by 32 percent from Ksh. 65 in 100.00 May to Ksh 86 June (Figure 3). The prices 80.00 were above the short-term average at a similar time of the year by 73 percent. The H60.00 increase in maize prices was attributed to K s40.00 reduced maize supplies in the local e markets as well as increased cost of ir p20.00 transport as a result of high fuel prices in e all livelihood zones. Pastoral livelihood ia0.00 Jan FebMarAprMayJun Jul Aug Sep Oct NovDec zone recorded the highest average price of Ksh. 90.5 per kg while Irrigated Cropping STA Upper Limit 2022 Lower Limit livelihood zone recorded the lowest at Ksh.70 per kg. This trend is likely to be Figure 3: Maize prices maintained in the next three months as there is general shortage of maize in the county. Goat prices The average price of a Goat Prices Baringo County -June 2022 medium sized goat was at Ksh. 2,506 in June, an 4000 increase of eight percent s 3000 in comparison to the ( e 2000 previous month of May c (Figure 4). The price was P 1000 below the short-term a average by eight percent. The prices were highest in Irrigated cropping STA Lower Limit 2022 Upper llimit livelihood zone at Ksh. Figure 4: Goat prices 3,433 and lowest in Agro-Pastoral livelihood zone at Ksh.1,500. Livestock body condition in Agro-Pastoral and Pastoral livelihood zones is just recovering from the impact of drought that was experienced in the County from November last year to April this year and therefore resulting in low prices. The prices are expected to improve due to the ongoing improvement in livestock body condition. 3.2.3 Terms of trade Terms of trade declined by 18 Terms of Trade in Baringo County -June 2022 percent from 36 in May to 29 in m 100 June (Figure 5). This was o attributed to increased maize t prices in comparison to the low g ua o 60 goat prices. The current terms of 40 trade were below the long-term z ia e 20 average by 48 percent. Irrigated fs 0 cropping livelihood zone had Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec the highest terms of trade at 49 K while Agro-Pastoral STA 52 2022 Upper Limit livelihood zone had the least at Figure 5: Terms of trade 21.4. Insecurity challenges and high maize prices in the Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones also contributed to the low terms of trade in this zone. 3.2.4 Income sources The main sources of cash income are varied across the livelihood zones key among them being livestock production, cash crop production, casual waged labour among others as illustrated in table 15. Charcoal production was also on the rise mostly in the Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones since there was a decline n income from livestock sales as a result of poor livestock body condition. Table 15: Income sources Sources of Income Contribution to Cash Income per Livelihood Zone () Pastoral Agro-Pastoral Irrigated Mixed Livestock Production 88 50 5 23 Food Crop Production - 4 5 5 Cash crop production -- - 59 30 Small Business 1 4 5 7 Casual Waged Labour 1 15 10 20 Formal Waged Labour 1 5 4 5 Poultry Production 2 5 3 1 Fishing - 10 4 - 3.2.5 Water access and availability The main water sources for domestic use in all the livelihood zones are rivers, springs, boreholes, water pans, dams, lakes and shallow wells (Figure 6). Most of these sources are concentrated in Mixed Farming livelihoods zones where rainfall potential is higher as compared to Agro-Pastoral and Pastoral livelihood zones. Most of the rivers at the moment in the Agro- Pastoral and Pastoral livelihood zones are generally low and others have dried up due uneven distribution of rainfall. Some of the Boreholes and water supplies are not operational due to mechanical breakdowns and Figure 6: Water sources electricity bills thus overstretching the nearby sources. The recharge of all the water sources was fair during the season as compared to normal. The storage capacity of the open water sources is at 40 to 50 percent for the Agro-Pastoral and 20 to 30 percent for the Pastoral livelihood zones. The water levels in most of the boreholes are generally fair. Distances to water sources The average household trekking distance to water sources was stable by June at 3.9 km as compared to the previous month of May (Figure 7). In contrast to the long term average the distances were below normal by three percent (depicting a positive trend). Irrigated cropping livelihood zone recorded the least trekking Figure 7: Trekking distances distance of one kilometre while Pastoral livelihood zone recorded the highest average of 4.2 km. The decrease in distances was attributed to ongoing recharge of water points as a result of the off-season rains being experienced. Waiting time, cost of water and water consumption Waiting time at water sources was at 5-10 minutes for Mixed and Irrigated livelihood zones while for Agro-Pastoral and Pastoral is 20 to 40 minutes. Water consumption in Pastoral and Agro-Pastoral livelihood zones did drastically reduce at the beginning of the season but currently improving slightly due to rainfall on-set and reduced distances to water points. The cost of water per 20 litre Jerrycan was normal at Ksh 5 at the point of source. In Pastoral livelihood zone, water consumption per person per day was 4-6 litres contrary to a normal range of 5-10litres and for Agro-Pastoral zone it was 7-12 litres against a normal of 10-15 litres. In the Mixed farming zone consumption was 14-17 litres against a normal of 15-20 litres (Table 16). Due to the depleted water sources in Pastoral livelihood zones, some community members have migrated with their herds of livestock near to water sources so as to reduce the water stress on their animals. Table 16: Trekking distance, water cost, waiting time and water consumption Livelihood Return Distance to Cost of Water at Waiting Time at Average Water zone Water for Domestic Source (Ksh. Per 20 Water Source Consumption Use (Km) litres) (Minutes) (Litrespersonday) Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Mixed 1-2 0.5-1 5 5 3-7 2-5 15-20 20-25 Irrigated 1-2 0.5-1 5 5 5-10 2-5 15-20 20-25 Agro - 3-4 1-2 5 5 10-15 5-10 10-15 15-20 Pastoral 3-6 1-5 5 5 15-20 10-15 5-10 10-15 3.2.6 Food consumption Food consumption score According to the NDMA sentinel EWS data, a Food consumption score: March-June 2022 significant proportion of households in the 120.0 100.0 Pastoral and Agro- 80.0 60.0 Pastoral livelihood zones 40.0 did not have acceptable 20.0 f fo oo ec lo an ss u fom up rt mio on ts hc so are shown in Figure 8 and by June, the proportions r g r g r g r g A A A A were at 56 and 37 percent March April May June respectively. This was Acceptable Borderline Poor contributed by the inability of households to Figure 8: Food consumption score access nutritious food stuffs due to high food prices coupled by poor terms of trade that are disadvantaging Pastoral households from accessing food items in the local markets. This has affected food consumption patterns whereby the number of meals per day is 1-2 against a normal of three while meal sizes have reduced compared to normal. Milk consumption The average household milk consumption was one litre per day by June and that the consumption rate has been on an increasing trend since April after the onset of the long rains season. However, the current milk consumption rate was still below the long-term average by 29 percent (Figure Figure 9: Milk consumption 9). The milk consumption was highest in the Agro-pastoral livelihood zone at 1.9 litre and lowest in Irrigated cropping livelihood zone at 0.7 litre. 3.2.7 Coping strategy Coping strategy index (CSI) The average County CSI was stable by June at 16 with the Coping Strategy Index: March-June 2022 Agro-pastoral and Pastoral livelihood zones having the highest CSI values of over 15 for the last four months as shown in Figure 10. The high CSI in these zones was contributed by inadequate 0 food availability following the March April May June prolonged drought spells Irrigated Agro pastoral Pastoral witnessed in the county that forced households to adopt Figure 10: Coping strategy index different strategies for survival including skipping of meals, reduction of meal sizes, food borrowing among others. 3.3 Utilization 3.3.1 Morbidity and mortality patterns Morbidity among the MORBIDITY FOR UNDERFIVE POPULATION under-five population 200000 185393 186490 followed almost the same trend as in 2021 with URTI causing the most morbidity followed by 100000 76927 malaria and diarrhoea causing the least 50000 24495 27372 morbidity (Figure 11). 936133920 12798 11986 12890 There was a marginal increase in the number of 2019 2020 2021 2022 cases this year compared Diarrhoea Malaria URTI LTA to 2021 as shown in the chart, this could be Figure 11: Morbidity patterns for under five attributed to low immunity due to poor nutrition status as a result of deteriorating food consumption score and low milk consumption across all livelihood zones. Morbidity for General Population General population Morbidity 52368.66667 40000 40780 31935.66667 20000 12632 12949 12328.66667 16068680.333333 2117 2022 2021 2020 2019 2018 Upper Respiratory Tract Infections (URTI) Diarrhoea Malaria LTA Figure 12: Morbidity in general population Morbidity in the general population was higher in 2022 compared to 2021 with URTI cases causing the highest morbidity in the general population (Figure 12). However diarrhoeal case remains low and could be attributed to measure put in place to control COVID- 19 pandemic. 3.3.2 Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation Vitamin A coverage 140.0 115.4 120.0 100.0 Jan-Jun 2021 Jan-Jun 2022 Target Figure 13: Vitamin A supplementation coverage Vitamin A supplementation coverage for the first half of 2022 was much higher than a similar period last year (Figure 13). Unlike 2021 where the coverage was below the national target of 80, in 2022 it surpassed the target. Immunization was below the national target my mid-year, with Tiaty 77 80 East having higher 80 70 80 80 80 80 60 coverage compared to 54 55 60 50 Tiaty West (Figure 14). 1 2 3 4 EP TE TARGET Figure 14: Immunization coverage Jan-April 2022 for Tiaty sub county 3.3.3 Nutrition status and dietary diversity New Outpatient Therapeutic Program admissions were above long-term average for January to May 2022 (Figure 15). This could be attributed to stock out of nutrition commodities in most health facilities in the county. Outpatient Theraputic Program (OTP) admision trends 2022 2021 2020 2019 LTM (5-yr average) Figure 15: OTP admission trends Underweight trends The proportion of children 20 Underweight Trends (6-59 months) who are underweight were below the long-term average as shown in Figure 16. 10 7.8 However, in December 6.3 2021 an increase of 5.1 was 4.3 4.7 4.6 3.6 4.7 4.8 5.2 4.8 4.1 recorded and this could be attributed to the worsening of nutrition status due to 2021 2020 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 decrease in availability of milk and also decrease in 2019 2018 the number of meals LTA (5-yr average) consumed per day. Figure 16: Underweight trend Nutrition status based on Mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) The proportion of children at risk of malnutrition in June 2022 was 19.2 compared to 9.6 percent in June 2021; an increase of 50 percent (Figure 17). The deterioration in nutrition status is attributed to the decrease in milk consumption at Figure 17: Nutrition status based on MUAC household level. SMART survey findings According to the SMART survey done in July in Tiaty sub -county (Pastoral livelihood zone, global acute malnutrition (GAM) was at 26.4 percent which was critical while severe acute malnutrition (SAM) was at 5.3 percent. Stunting rate was at 51 percent which is among the highest in the country. 3.3.4 Sanitation and hygiene Water storage facilities were few across the Pastoral and Agro-pastoral livelihood zones as compared to Mixed farming livelihood zone. Most of these storage facilities did not receive water treatment chemicals. Most of the community water supplies had untreated water and the community members were expected to carry out treatment at household level. Generally, most treatment methods conveniently used at household level was boiling and use of aqua-tabs. According to the SMART survey done in July 2022 in Tiaty East and West sub-counties (Pastoral livelihood zone), only one percent of the sampled households access water from safe water sources while 99 percent do not treat their water at all. About 97 percent of the households stored their water in closed containers while 97 percent were not buying water but got it free at the sources. About 24 percent of the households were not aware of any hand washing norms and for those who practiced hand washing, about 7.0, 8.0, 68 and 30 percent did it at four critical times, after taking children to toilet, before eating meals and after visiting toilets respectively. About 52 percent of the households were washing hands using water only. Latrine coverage Table 17: Latrine coverage Sub-county Latrine coverage Open defecation July to December 2022 July to December Open defecation Coverage (bushes) Coverage Eldama Ravine 78 75 15 Baringo Central 47 46 11 Marigat 46 46 51 Mogotio 45 44 50 Baringo North 42 42 23 East Tiaty 3.14 3.14 96.6 West Tiaty 3.14 3.14 96.4 Tiaty East and West sub-counties had the lowest latrine coverage and the highest open defecation in the County. This is mainly attributed to the cultural practices and nomadic lifestyle. This has a negative impact on nutritional status and high case of water related diseases. 3.4 Trends of key food security indicators Indicator Short rains assessment, Long rains assessment, July, 2022 February, 2022 of maize stocks held 63 29 by households Livestock body Agro- Fair to Agro-pastoral Fair-Good condition (Cattle) pastoral Poor Irrigated Fair Irrigated cropping Fair-Good Mixed Fair Mixed Farming Fair-Good Pastoral-all Poor Pastoral-all species Poor-Fair Water consumption Agro- 8 - 12 Agro-pastoral 10-15 (litres per person per day pastoral Irrigated 5 - 10 Irrigated cropping 15-20 Mixed 12 - 15 Mixed Farming 15-20 Pastoral-all 15 20 Pastoral-all species 5-10 Price of maize (per kg) 49 86 Price of goat 2,517 2,506 Distance to grazing Agro- 6-10 Agro-pastoral 6-10 pastoral Irrigated 1-5 Irrigated cropping 1-2 Mixed 2-6 Mixed Farming 1-2 Pastoral-all 8-10 Pastoral-all species 4-10 Terms of trade 52 29 Coping strategy index County-15 County-16 Agro-Pastoral-22 Agro-Pastoral-23 Pastoral-15 Pastoral-17 Irrigated Cropping-3 Irrigated Cropping-4 Food consumption Acceptable 58 Acceptable 52 score Borderline 39 Borderline 44 Poor 3 Poor 4 3.5 Education 3.5.1 Access (Enrolment) Table 18: School enrolment School Current term Previous term level Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total ECDC 23,191 26,303 49,494 22,404 20,019 42,423 Primary 76,223 70,289 146,512 74,161 68,844 143,005 Secondary 25,626 25,144 50,770 25,232 24,506 49,738 Baringo comprises of 990 ECDE centers, 729 primary schools and 179 secondary schools with a current enrolment of 49,494, 146,512 and 50, 770 students respectively as shown in Table 20. There was an improvement in enrolment across all levels of education compared with the previous term, translating to 17, 2.5 and 2.0 percent for ECDE, primary and secondary schools respectively. The improvement in enrolment was attributed to schools meals program primary schools, 100 percent transition policy in secondary schools and availability of bursaries from different sources. There were minor cases of school drop outs of about 25 pupils in ECDE (14 boys and 11 girls), 140 students in primary schools (84 boys and 56 girls) and 69 students (42 boys and 27 girls) in secondary schools. Some of the reasons behind the drop out were psychological trauma, child labour, nomadism, insecurity, illnesses, lack of school fees, teenage pregnancy, indulgence in bodaboda business, early marriages among others. 3.5.2 Food availability in schools during the season Table 19: School meals program No of schools ISMP Cash CSSMP County Other Total Total no with schools transfer ECD types of number of meals SMP school of beneficia program feeding beneficia ries not ries of in schools schools meals meals program program Level Num Bo Gir Bo Gi Bo Gi Bo Gir Bo Gi Bo Gir Bo Gir ber ys ls ys rls ys rls ys ls ys rls ys ls ys ls ECDE 553 nil nil nil nil 64 65 160 162 nil nil 224 227 405 298 00 10 00 75 00 85 3 9 Prima 551 514 464 17 20 na na na na na na 516 466 233 230 ry 54 43 0 0 23 43 58 63 Secon nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil nil Nil nil nil Sub 1104 514 464 17 20 64 65 160 162 nil nil 740 694 274 260 total 54 43 0 0 00 10 00 75 23 28 11 52 Total 1104 97897 370 12910 32275 nil 143451 53463 About 87 and 68 percent of students in ECDE and Primary schools respectively were benefiting from various forms of school meals program as shown in Table 21. The bulk of the school meals program were in kind school meals program (ISMP) for primary schools and County supported program for ECDE centers. There were no secondary school students receiving any form of school meals program. 3.5.3 Water availability in schools during the season The water sources for schools in the county were boreholes, rivers, water tracking, rain water harvesting and water pans. The number of schools without access to safe water sources in ECDE was 641, 261 and 50 for ECDE, primary and secondary schools respectively. Water access and availability in schools affected retention and attendance of learners in schools and therefore influencing academic performance. There were 388 ECDE, 390 primary schools and 145 secondary schools with functional rain-water harvesting facilities in the county with some of them applying chemicals to treat water. 3.5.4 Effect of the season on school infrastructure There was no closure of schools due to the effects of the long rains while no school infrastructure was reported to have been destroyed by the rains and currently no school is hosting IDPs. 3.5.4 Inter sector links During the long rains ECDE, primary and secondary learners were affected by common colds and diarrhea. Some of the interventions provided by the Ministry of Health include deworming, vitamin A supplementation and regular visits by health officers. Effects of COVID-19 were still being felt i.e. continuity of learning was interrupted, change of school calendar (term dates), syllabus coverage was interrupted and school drop outs. The number of schools with inadequate functional latrines was 120 ECDE, 20 primary schools and 5 secondary schools while the number of schools with inadequate or no hand-washing facilities was 15 ECDE, 10 primary schools and 3 secondary schools. Girls received sanitary kits for the previous term 2022 provided by the government. Absenteeism, poor performance and low self-esteem are the effects faced by girls due to lack of sanitary kits. There were cases of child labour which were prevalent particularly in vulnerable groups, there were occasional cases of sexual exploitation and gender-based violence. 4.0 FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS 4.1 Prognosis assumptions According to County Meteorological department, the off-season rains of June to August are likely to be enhanced in the highlands that comprises mainly the Mixed farming livelihood zone but will be below to near normal within the low lands. According to the National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) EWS bulletin of June 2022, food prices particularly for cereals will be above normal for the next six months as the county will not have an opportunity to replenish its stocks via local production. According to NDMA June bulletin, rangeland conditions in terms of pastures and browse will continue to be below normal conditions especially in the Pastoral areas due to poor performance of the rains. NDMA June bulletin shows that livestock body condition for cattle in the Pastoral and Agro-pastoral areas will remain in poor to fair conditions for the next three months due to slow recovery of pastures. Water availability and access will remain in fair conditions due to the impacts of off- season rains of July to August and therefore affecting water consumption at household level. Security situation will remain stable due to the control measures being put in place by the government. However, the general election is likely to create some tension among the rival political candidates. Household stocks will continue to decline further as the county did not have an opportunity to replenish its stocks as a result of failure of rains for the last four seasons. Local markets will heavily rely on supplies of food from other counties (Source: Agriculture dept, Baringo County Government). Market operations will most likely remain normal. The general elections scheduled in August 2022 will be peaceful and that the ongoing political campaigns will not have major effect on food security. 4.2 Food security outlook for the next six months (August-January) The County will not have any household maize stocks left in the next three months as the little existing stocks will have been depleted by then leading to near total dependence on markets. The expected maize harvest will be below 50 percent and will be realized by October due to late planting, moisture stress among other factors. This therefore implies that the county will experience a food deficit for the remainder of this year and half of next since it is heavily reliant on long rains for food production. The off-season rains are expected to stimulate marginal forage recovery across the county and therefore cattle are likely to post marginal improvement in body condition leading to a slight improvement in milk production though it will still be below long- term average. Livestock prices for cattle are likely to remain below LTA while prices for goats and sheep will improve as a result of browse availability. Food prices particularly for maize will remain above LTA and therefore affecting negatively terms of trade for Pastoral households. Water access and availability will improve to fair condition and therefore relieving households in terms of trekking distances, water consumption and waiting time at water sources for at least two months. All the outcome indicators of food consumption, nutrition status and coping strategies will be poor as households are expected to experience food consumption gaps for the remainder of the year due to expected below normal crop and livestock production. The county is therefore expected to record more cases of malnutrition especially in the Pastoral areas. 5.0 CONCLUSIONS AND INTERVENTIONS 5.1 Conclusions 5.1.1 Phase classification The overall county IPC phase classification is in phase three (Crisis). Both Pastoral, Agro-Pastoral and Marginal mixed livelihood zones are in IPC phase 3 (Crisis). The Mixed farming and the Irrigated livelihood zones are in phase one (NoneMinimal). 5.1.2 Summary of findings The county had an acceptable food consumption score of 38.2 which was a marginal increase as compared to the previous month at 36.5. A proportion of 3.4, 44.4 and 52.2 percent of the households across the livelihood zones had poor, borderline and acceptable FCS respectively. More households in Pastoral an Agro-pastoral livelihood zones have shifted to borderline and poor food consumption scores by June in comparison to the previous months and this was due to increasing food consumption gaps that are a result of very high food prices, below normal milk production, poor terms of trade and poor crop production. About 39, 24 and 37 percent of the sampled households were applying none, stressed and crisis reduced strategies (rCSI) respectively. About 46 percent of sampled households had no livelihood coping while 32 and 21 percent of households applied stressed and crisis livelihood coping strategies. The proportion of children sampled who were at the risk of malnutrition was stable at 19.2 but still above the LTA by June. 5.1.3 Sub-county ranking Sub County Rank (Worst Main food security threatContributing factors to best) Tiaty 1 Extremely high Poor pastures malnutrition level Poor recharge of Livestock water sources mortality Poor rainfall Insecurity Poor terms of trade High food prices Mogotio 2 Crop failure Livestock mortality Poor forage Poor recharge of conditions water sources Poor livestock Poor terms of trade body conditions High food prices Baringo North 4 Poor rainfall Fair livestock body Crop failure condition Invasion of Crop Livestock mortality pests (African Insecurity army worms) Poor terms of trade Insecurity High food prices Poor forage condition Baringo South Poor rainfall Crop failure performance Crop pests Poor livestock Poor recharge of body condition water sources for Poor regeneration irrigation of pasture Insecurity Livestock Malnutrition mortality High food prices Baringo Central 5 Poor rainfall High food prices performance Poor terms of trade Invasion of crop pests Eldama Ravine 6 Fair water Fair crop recharge conditions Fair forage conditions 5.2 Ongoing interventions 5.2.1 Food interventions The Ministry of Interior and Coordination received 3, 360 bags (50kg) of rice and 3,360 bags (50kg) of beans for distribution to the vulnerable households in the county. World Food Program is planning to target 2, 778 household in Tiaty, Baringo North, Mogotio, Baringo South and Baringo Central sub counties with a cash transfer program whereby each household will receive Ksh 6,500 for six months starting August 2022. World Vision is carrying out cash transfer program targeting 1,762 households in Mogotio, Tiaty West, Tiaty East and Baringo North sub counties at a cost of Ksh 9,604,000. 5.2.2 Non-food interventions AGRICULTURE Sub Intervention Ward No of Implemente Impact Cost Time County beneficia rs in terms frame ries of food All Sub Promotion of All 20,000 FAO, WFP, Improve 15,000,0 Jun-Dec Counties Agri nutrition wards RED ment of 00 2022 through Nutrition CROSS, househol Sensitive COUNTY d food Interventions- GOVERNM and Targeting the ENT, Nutrition vulnerable DRLSP, security Provision of KCSAP, Kitchen ELRP gardening materials, vegetable seeds, nets and capacity building of staff and farmers ALL Support food ALL 6,000 County Increase 20 M July- security Government agricultur Dec, interventions by of Baringo, al 2022 providing inputs FAO, Red productiv for bulking and Cross, SHA ity planting seeds and seedlings All Bulking of high Mochon 2000 County Bulk 10M 2022- iron beans and goi, Government enough 2023- sweet potato rich Ilchamu WFP materials Continu in Vitamin A to s and to be ing Koibate distribute k d to farmers across the County in order to improve Food and nutrition county. LIVESTOCK Baringo Vaccination 800 BCGACTE Boost 30M Dec,202 South against LSD, househol D livestock 1-Jan, Baringo CCPP and PPR ds Health 2022 North Mogotio Baringo Capacity 250 BCGSHA Resilienc 0.2M Oct, North strengthening to househol e 2021- Mother to ds (HH) building Jan, Mother groups to HHs 2022 on Poultry through Production Mother Mother groups Baringo Provision of 500HH BCG, Improve 2.M Oct,202 north, Galla bucks to livestock 1-on- groups productiv wards ERavin Provision of 500HH BCGRPLR Improve Sept, e pasture P communi 2021- Baringo harvesting tools ty Dec, Central like pasture livelihoo 2021 Mogotio cutters, and d Baringo baling boxes. All sub- Capacity 1,000HH BCG(MOA Well 1M Through counties building of LF) Infirmed out Farmers and Partners staff and staff. farmers for best practices Mogotio Construction of 200HH BCGDRLS Improved 5M Dec,202 livestock feed P pasture 1- store conservat Feb,202 ion 2 WATER Tiaty Equipping,extens Kachilit 2,500,00 ionand wa 0 construction of kiosk ERavin Pipeline Cheraik 60HH CGB 2M cheraik water ERavin Pipeline Kabimoi 50HH CGB 1M Kasoe water ERavin Kapngasio water Kaimoi 50HH CGB 2M e project pipeline Extension Baringo Upgrading of Kibingo 60HH CGB 5M South kibingor BH r Partners County Vitamin A All 82,268 MOH 2m Routine wide Supplementation health people supported by selected County Zinc 75,000 County 800,000 Routine wide Supplementation people department of health County Management of 100 52,600 County 240,000, Routine wide Acute health people department 000 Malnutrition facilities of health (IMAM) supported by Surge at National 6 health government, in East and WFP Pokot County IYCN All 107,492 County Interventions health department (EBF and Timely facilities of health Intro of and supported by complementary commun IPC Foods) and ity units promotion of Orange flesh sweet potato County Iron Folate All County Routine Supplementation health department among Pregnant facilities of health Women ANC supported by County Deworming All 33,683 County Routine health department facilities of health ANC supported by Baringo Provision of food Barwess 25,685 GOK Increased continu north commodities. a enrolmen ous Kipsara t Bartabw kipsara Mogotio Parents provide 28259 - Parents Promote Termly water, fuel wood, learners - NGOs retention pay cook and (ECD, BOM purchase utensils PRY TIATY School feeding 18,042 MOE Improved Jan WEST from MOE retention, 2022 enrolmen Dec t and 2022 participat 5.3 Recommended interventions 5.3.1 Food interventions Sub County 2022 LRA Food Population Estimated proportion in need of security rank immediate food assistance () (Worst to best) LRA 2022 July 2022 Tiaty 1 153,347 (46) 70,540 Mogotio 2 91,104 (40) 36,442 Baringo North 3 104,871 (48) 50,338 Baringo South 4 90,104 (50) 45,052 Baringo Central 5 96,951 (30) 29,085 (Parts of Tenges, Kabarnet, Sacho and Kapropita wards) Eldama Ravine 6 129,535 (5) 6,400 (Urban poor) (10) 12,954 (Perkerra, Koibatek wads and urban poor) Total population in need of food assistance 207,969 5.3.2 Non-food interventions Agriculture Sub- Intervention Ward No. of Proposed Required AvailablTime county beneficia Impleme Resources e Frame ries nters Resourc All Inputs provision all 8,000 WFP, All Finances Staff, 2022- including projects in (Kshs 12 County 2023 capacity building the million) ADP on post-harvest departmen and safe use of t of chemicals Agricultur All Farmer All 100,000 KCSAP, Finances Staff 2022- digitization ELRP, (Kshs 40 2023 across the County WFP Million) for effective targeting and assistance ALL Enhance irrigated Irrigati 2000 National Finances Staff 2022- Agriculture on Governme (Kshs 10 2024 reviving stalled scheme nt, County Million) irrigation s Governme schemes nt and developm ALL Promote Farm All 150,000 Departme Finances Staff, 2022- land regeneration (Includ nt of (100 Availabi2024 and ing Education, million) lity of Environmental schools Departme well conservation with nt of fenced through farms Agricultur farms, affruitation and e in (provision of revival Baringo certified fruit of County trees for nutrition young Governme and farmer nt, conservation), s National and gulley clubs) Governme healing across the nt and County developm ALL Establishment of Mariga 7000 WFP and Finances Good 2022- Agriculture t, County (20 will 2025 business Mogoti Governme Million) from development o and nt of farmers, centres in Eldam Baringo Existenc identified wards a e of the for identified Ravine small groups for holder linkage with public organized procure markets strategy Livestock - Vaccinations 100,000 BCG, 5M 1M Feb,2022 BNorth against LSD, Cattle, FAO and -Jun, , CCPP and PPR 270,000 other 2022 Mogoti Deworming goats Developm o Disease 50,000 ent Tiaty surveillance Sheep partners (LSD, CCPP) Tiaty, BNorth (LSD) Tiaty Provision of 2,000HH BCG, 20M - Feb,2022 Baringo Livestock feeds FAO, -Apr, North NDMA 2022 Baringo Partners Tiaty Emergency 50,000H BCG 77M - Feb, Baringo Livestock Off- H FAO 2022- North take 5,000HH Partners Apr, Baringo 2022 - Establishment of 4,500HH MOALF 90 M - Feb,2022 Baringo strategic livestock BCG -Jun, North feed reserves; 12 NDMA(E 2022 -Tiaty(E across 5 sub- U) W) counties Partners -South All sub- Hay harvesting 41,500H BCG 60M - Feb,2022 county and baling H RPLRP -Jun, machinery KCSAP 2022 1 per sub-county SHA Loruk, RenovationConst 13,000H BCG, 65M Feb,2022 Amaya, ruction of H Partners -Jun, Barwess livestock Auction 2022 a, yards Nginya ng and Kolloa Water Baringo Upgrading of 60HH CGB 5M 1.5M July 2023 South kibingor BH Partners ERavin Driling and 100HH CGB 4.5 1.0M July 2023 e Equipping of Partners Maji BH County Purchase and 320 CGB 48M Dec.2022 Wide Installation of Instituitio Partners 10,000Litres ns plastic Tanks 320No. ERavin Chemususu water 100,000 CGB 120M 30M 2022202 e- distribution and Partners 3FY Mogoti metering Tiaty Counstruction of 150HH CGB 150M Chemolingot Partners Multi-Purpose All Vitamin A 90,449 MOH 0.5M July - subcoun Supplementation Dec 2022 All Zinc 20,000 MOH July-Dec subcoun Supplementation 2021 All Management of 8971 MOH 28M July-Dec subcoun Acute 2022 No. of ties Malnutrition children 6 (IMAM) months estimated to be malnouris All IYCN 41,533 MOH 4.1 M July-Dec subcoun Interventions 2022 Children ties (EBF and Timely birth 2 Intro of years complementary Foods) All Iron Folate 90,449 MOH 5.35M July-Dec subcoun Supplementation 2022 ties among Pregnant Women All sub- Deworming 83,066 MOH 1.66M July-Dec counties children 1 2022 5 years Baringo Recommendation 128 pry GOK, 384sags Cooking immediat Central for feeding 130 well 90kg of material e programmes ECDEs wishers beans s, fuel- 8500x384 fire 3,264,000 wood, 640 sags Chev ( 50kg of rice cookma 35002,24 0,000 Salt 10kg 40 Cooking fat 40ltrs15,0 koibate Timely Provision 91 pry MOE, immediat k of food. 154 Well e ECDEs wishers