April 2022 Situation Overview The drought situation continues to worsen in sixteen (16) of the 23 ASAL counties. This is attributed to the poor performance of the 2021 short rains coupled with previous two failed consecutive seasons and late onset of the 2022 long rains season. Seven (7) counties namely Marsabit, Mandera, Wajir, Samburu, Isiolo, Baringo and Turkana are in Alarm drought phase while ten (10) counties including Garissa, Tharaka Nithi, Kilifi, Kitui, Kwale, Laikipia, Lamu, Meru (North), Nyeri (Kieni) and West Pokot are in Alert drought phase. The remaining six (6) counties including Kajiado, Narok, Makueni, Taita Taveta, Embu (Mbeere) and Tana River are in Normal drought phase. Drought indicators Rainfall Performance Review of March 2022 Rainfall Performance The month of March marks the onset of the March-May (MAM) long-rains season in the country. However, the month was characterized by long dry spells over several parts of the ASAL counties. Sunny and dry conditions prevailed for most of the month over the Northeast, South Coast, and the Southeastern lowlands. Rainfall was, however, received over these areas during the fourth week of March. The Northwest and most of the Coastal Strip experienced sunny and dry weather conditions throughout the month. Depressed rainfall was recorded over most parts of the country. The North- western and North Coast regions have not yet realized their onset which was expected during the fourth week of March to first week of April. Figure 1. March 2022 Rainfall performance Rainfall Forecast for April 2022 According to the Kenya Meteorological Service, the outlook for April 2022 indicates that the Highlands West of the Rift Valley, Central and Southern Rift Valley, Lake Victoria Basin, Highlands East of the Rift Valley including Nairobi County, and parts of the Northeast and southeastern lowlands are likely to experience near average rainfall. Parts of the Northeast, Southeastern Lowlands, and the Coastal region are likely to receive below-average. The forecast also indicates that several parts of the country are likely to experience near to below-average rainfall, especially during the first half of the month. Figure 1. April 2022 Rainfall forecast Vegetation condition (VCI) Figure 3 compares the vegetation condition index (VCI) in March 2021 with that of March 2022. Generally, when compared to similar period last year and the long-term average, the current condition of vegetation is worse. March 2021 March 2022 Figure 3: Maps comparing Vegetation Condition (VCI) The month of March 2022 showed slight improvement in vegetation condition across the Arid and Semi-Arid Counties (ASAL) as compared to the previous month of February 2022. The improvement is associated with light sporadic showers with some areas already experiencing early onset. Two sub counties; Wajir (Wajir East), Mandera (Mandera East) are in Extreme vegetation deficit band hence in need of humanitarian assistance. Generally, four counties (4); Mandera, Laikipia, Samburu and Wajir are in Severe vegetation deficit while five (5) counties including; Baringo, Isiolo, Kwale, Marsabit, and West Pokot are in Moderate vegetation deficit hence need for close monitoring and activation of response plans. Additionally, five (5) counties including; Kajiado, Garissa, Kilifi, Taita Taveta and Turkana recorded Normal vegetation greenness while nine (9) counties namely; Embu, Kitui, Lamu, Makueni, Meru, Nyeri, Narok, Tana River and Tharaka Nithi, recorded Above normal vegetation greenness. The current vegetation condition in March 2022 is worse as compared to the same period the previous year, March 2021 as shown in (Figure 3). A summary of the vegetation condition across ASAL counties as at end of March 2022 is provided in Figure 1. The situation for each county disaggregated by sub-county is provided in Table 1. Table 1.0. Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), March 2022 Category County Sub Counties (No) Extreme (2) Wajir (Wajir-East), Mandera (Mandera East) Severe (4) (23) vegetation Laikipia deficit Mandera Baringo (Mogotio), Garissa (Lagdera), Isiolo (Isiolo North) Kilifi (Rabai, Samburu Kilifi South), Laikipia (Laikipia-West, Laikipia-North), Mandera (Banissa, Wajir Mandera North, Lafey, Mandera-South, Mandera West), Marsabit (Laisamis, Moyale), Samburu (Samburu-East, Samburu West, Samburu North), Wajir (Eldas, Wajir-West, Wajir-North, Wajir-South, Tarbaj), West Pokot (Sigor) Moderate (5) (19) vegetation Baringo deficit Isiolo Baringo (Baringo North, Baringo South, Tiaty, Baringo Central) Garissa Kwale (Balambala, Dadaab) Kilifi (Kaloleni, Kilifi-North) Kwale (Kinango, Lungalunga, Matuga, Msambweni) Laikipia (Laikipia East) Marsabit (North Horr, Saku), Turkana (Turkana East, Turkana North), West Pokot (Kacheliba, Kapenguria) Normal (5) (21) vegetation Garissa, Baringo (Eldama-Ravine), Isiolo (Isiolo South), Kajiado (Kajiado- greenness Kajiado, Central, Kajiado- East, Kajiado- North, Kajiado-West, Kajiado- Kilifi, South), Kilifi (Ganze, Magarini, Malindi), Meru (Buuri, Igembe Taita North, Tigania-East,) Narok (Narok-North, Narok-East), Taita- Taveta, Taveta (Taveta, Voi, Wundanyi), Tana River (Bura), Turkana Turkana (Turkana-west) West-Pokot (West-Pokot South) Vegetation (9) (50) greenness Embu Embu(Manyatta, Mbeere North, Mbeere South, Runyenjes) Above normal Kitui Garissa(Fafi, Ijara, Township),Kitui(Kitui-East, Kitui -central, Mwingi Lamu West, Mwingi North, Mwingi Central, Kitui-Rural, Kitui South, Kitui Makueni West),Lamu (Lamu East, Lamu West),Makueni( Kaiti, Kibwezi East, Meru Kibwezi West, Kilome, Makueni, Mbooni),Meru( Central Imenti, Igembe Narok Central, Igembe North, Igembe South, North Imenti, South Imenti, Nyeri Tigania East, Tigania West),Narok( Emurua Dikirr, Kilgoris, Narok-South, Tana River Narok-West)Nyeri(Kieni,Mathira, Mukurweini, Othaya, Tetu, Township), Tharaka Taita-Taveta(Mwatate)Tana River( Galole, Garsen),Tharaka Nithi Nithi (Chuka, Maara, Tharaka), Turkana (Turkana Central, Loima, Turkana South) Livestock production Pasture and browse condition The state of pasture and browse in most of the arid and semi-arid counties was generally in poor to fair conditions as shown in Table 2. The current pasture and browse condition are below normal as compared to normal years with no improvement recorded as compared to the previous month due to depressed rains received in March coupled with delayed onset and previous failed seasons. Table 2.0: Pasture and browse condition, March 2022 Pasture condition Browse condition Baringo Embu Baringo Garissa Garissa Kajiado Isiolo Kajiado Isiolo Kilifi Mandera Kilifi Laikipia Kwale Marsabit Kwale Lamu Makueni Nyeri Laikipia Mandera Meru Samburu Lamu Marsabit Narok Turkana Makueni Samburu Taita Taveta Wajir Meru Turkana Tana River West Pokot Narok Wajir Nyeri Taita Taveta West Pokot Tharaka Nithi Tana River Kitui Tharaka Nithi Embu Embu Livestock body condition The current livestock body condition has not yet improved as compared to previous month. Overall, the current body condition of most livestock is below normal in comparison to similar periods during a normal year. Consequently, most counties reported livestock body condition as poor to fair conditions as shown in Table 3. The fair to poor condition is as result of the poor performance of the 2021 short rains season and late onset of the 2022 long rains season resulting to poor regeneration of pasture and browse that has direct impact on livestock body condition. Table 3.0: Livestock body condition, March 2022 Cattle Goats Baringo Embu Baringo Embu Isiolo Garissa Mandera Garissa Laikipia Kajiado Marsabit Isiolo Lamu Kilifi Turkana Kilifi Mandera Kwale Kwale Marsabit Narok Laikipia Samburu Nyeri Lamu Turkana Tana River Narok West Pokot Tharaka Nithi Nyeri Wajir Samburu Kitui Tana River Makueni Tharaka Nithi Meru North Wajir Taita Taveta West Pokot Meru North Milk production Milk production was below average and generally on worsening trend as compared to the previous month. The below normal milk production is attributed to poor rainfall performance for the 2021 short rains season, the insufficient and delayed onset of MAM period and persistent dry spell period being experienced. The current milk production status is below average as compared to normal year. Milk production trends in the 23 ASAL counties is presented in table 4.0. Table 4.0: Milk production, March 2022 Milk Makueni Garissa Baringo Kwale Garissa Baringo Production Tana River Narok Embu Kajiado Embu Isiolo Laikipia Isiolo Kajiado Lamu Kilifi Kilifi Makueni Kitui Kitui Marsabit Mandera Kwale Narok Meru Laikipia Taita Taveta Nyeri Lamu Tana River Samburu Mandera Turkana Tharaka Nithi Marsabit Wajir West Pokot Nyeri Tharaka Nithi Cattle prices In majority of the counties, cattle prices in the month of March remained stable compared to the previous month owing mainly to the poor body condition as illustrated in Table 5. The current cattle prices are below normal in most of the counties in comparison to similar periods during a normal year. However, Embu, Kajiado, Kilifi, Kitui, Lamu, Tana-River, Nyeri and West-Pokot reported above normal prices due to increased demand of livestock market as compared to low supply as illustrated in Table 5. Table 5.0: Cattle prices, March 2022 Cattle Embu Baringo Laikipia Embu Garissa Baringo Prices Kajiado Garissa Makueni Makueni Kajiado Isiolo Kilifi Isiolo Mandera Meru Kilifi Mandera Kitui Nyeri Marsabit Narok Kitui Wajir Lamu Taita-Taveta Meru Tana River Laikipia Turkana Tana River Tharaka-Nithi Narok Tharaka-Nithi Lamu Nyeri Samburu West-Pokot Marsabit West-Pokot Turkana Meru Wajir Nyeri Goat prices Goat prices in majority of the ASAL counties were mostly Above the LTA but below LTA in Garissa, Lamu, Marsabit, Wajir, and Nyeri. The goat prices are stable as compared to the previous month of February as shown in table 6. Table 6.0: Goat prices, March 2022 Goat Prices Embu Baringo Garissa Kajiado Baringo Kwale Kajiado Isiolo Lamu Makueni Embu Laikipia Kilifi Kwale Marsabit Marsabit Garissa Nyeri Kitui Mandera Wajir Isiolo laikipia Samburu Nyeri Kilifi Makueni Kitui Meru Lamu Narok Meru Taita-Taveta Mandera Tana-River Narok West Pokot Turkana Livestock Mortality Livestock mortality was reported in some counties like Marsabit, Samburu, Turkana, Garissa, Isiolo, Mandera, Tana River, Wajir, Baringo, Kilifi and Meru North and it was majorly as a result of starvation and diseases. Table 7.0. Livestock Mortality County Cattle Deaths Mortality SheepGoat Deaths Mortality Camel Deaths Mortality Overall Population Rate population Rate Population Rate Marsabit 509227 32,800 7.3 4,569,647 566,500 15.1 791,029 23,520 4.3 12.64 Samburu 285679 28,568 10.00 566,772 28,339 5.00 49,149 0 0.000 6.31 Turkana 2883158 1863 0.05 13,638,397 35,167 0.19 6,000,000 267 0.003 0.21 Mandera 1156034 46,345 4.00 6,732,577 41,223 0.60 1,641,001 7,976 0.486 0.32 Wajir 893040 114,785 12.85 5,422,324 102,780 1.89 1,184,083 13,389 3.079 3 Baringo 518982 29 0.0001 1,500,453 88 0.006 13451.18 0 0 0.01 In the South Eastern Marginal Agriculture and Coastal Marginal Agriculture counties, land preparation and planting is ongoing in 90 of those counties in anticipation of the MAM long rains which are yet to be experienced in majority of the counties. Farmers are being advised to plant early maturing crops and drought resistant crops. Maize prices In most counties, the price of maize was at a stable and worsening trend in March as compared to the previous month. Its only Meru and Lamu reporting improving trend due to the harvests from Kajiado South and low demand in Lamu as demonstrated in Table 7, the current maize prices are above LTA and on increasing trend as compared to the previous month due to depletion of stocks that has resulted to increase in maize prices. Table 8.0: Maize prices, March 2022 Above LTA Atclose to Below LTA Improving Stable Worsening Maize Baringo Kilifi Kajiado Lamu Baringo Garissa Prices Embu Meru Lamu Meru Embu Laikipia Garissa Isiolo Wajir Isiolo Kajiado Kitui Kilifi Kwale Kitui Laikipia Kwale Makueni Makueni Mandera Mandera Marsabit Marsabit Narok Narok Nyeri Nyeri Samburu Samburu Taita Taveta Taita Taveta Tana River Tana River Tharaka Nithi Tharaka Nithi Turkana WATER ACCESS Access to water for households In comparison to the long-term average, in 12 counties, distances to water for households is currently above the LTA. In comparison with the previous month, the access to water for household is on worsening trend. The delayed long rains onset and the poor rainfall performance of the short rains season is the reason behind the above LTA trekking distances. The trend in distances walked by households to access water is provided in Table 8. Table 9.0: Distance from households to main water sources, March 2022 Distance Baringo Embu Garissa Kajiado Laikipia Baringo from Kwale Kajiado Isiolo Tana River Makueni Embu households Lamu Laikipia Kilifi Mandera Garissa to main Mandera Makueni Kitui Taita Taveta Isiolo water Marsabit Tana River Tharaka Kilifi sources Meru Tharaka Nithi Nithi Kitui Narok Turkana Turkana Kwale Nyeri Lamu Samburu Marsabit Taita Taveta Meru Wajir Narok West Pokot Nyeri Access to water for livestock The trend in the distance trekked by livestock in search of water is presented in Table 9. Compared with the previous month, the current trekking distance to water source from grazing areas is worsening across most of the counties. In 73 percent of counties, livestock trekking distance to water point is above LTA in ASALs with most counties being at worsening and stable trend as shown in table 9.0. Table 10.0: Distance from livestock grazing area to main water sources, March 2022 Distance from Baringo Kajiado Garissa Kajiado Garissa Baringo livestock Embu Kilifi Makueni Mandera Embu grazing area to Isiolo Kitui Narok Marsabit Isiolo main water Kwale Tana River Samburu Kilifi sources Laikipia Tharaka Nithi Tharaka Kitui Lamu Nithi Kwale Makueni Laikipia Mandera Lamu Marsabit Meru Meru Nyeri Narok Taita Taveta Nyeri Tana River Samburu Turkana Taita Taveta Wajir Terms of trade Table 11 shows the trends in terms of trade (ToT) between the relative price of a goat and maize in ASAL counties. In 73 percent of counties, ToT values are below the long-term average (LTA) and thus unfavorable to pastoralists. The TOT is on stable trend. The stable trend is as result of stable goat prices while maize prices has remained fairly stable trend among ASALs. Table 11.0: Terms of trade, March 2022 Terms of Kajiado Kilifi Baringo Kajiado Baringo Laikipia trade Lamu Makueni Embu Lamu Embu (Mbeere) Nyeri (Kieni) (ToT) Tana-River Narok (Mbeere) Makueni Garissa Turkana Garissa Marsabit Isiolo Wajir Isiolo Narok Kilifi West-Pokot Kitui Kitui Kwale Kwale Laikipia Mandera Mandera Meru Marsabit Samburu Meru-North Taita-Taveta Nyeri(Kieni) Tana-River Samburu Tharaka-Nithi Health and nutrition Table 11 shows the trend in the proportion of children at risk of malnutrition (MUAC) across the ASAL counties. The trend of MUAC has deteriorated in the counties of Mandera, Marsabit, Samburu, Turkana, Tana River, Baringo, Nyeri and Wajir having MUAC above long-term average. The observed above long-term negative trend in malnutrition of the nine counties was mostly attributed to the continued reduced milk consumption at household level due to decrease in milk production as well as poor dietary diversity, poor child feeding practices and reduced food intake at household level. Table 12.0 shows the trends of MUAC Table 12.0: Children at risk of malnutrition (MUAC), March 2022 Baringo Embu Garissa Baringo Embu Kitui Mandera Kilifi Isiolo Isiolo Garissa Makueni MUAC Marsabit Laikipia Kajiado Kwale Kajiado Marsabit Nyeri Kitui Narok Kilifi Turkana Samburu Kwale Laikipia Wajir Taita-taveta Lamu Lamu West Pokot Tana River Makueni Mandera Turkana Meru Meru Wajir Narok Nyeri West-Pokot Taita-Taveta Drought phase classification Table 13 sums up the trends in drought phase classification as at end of March 2022. On the basis of the range of indicators monitored above, ten (10) counties Tharaka-Nithi, Garissa, Kilifi, Kitui, Kwale, Laikipia, Lamu, Meru-North, Nyeri (Kieni) and West-Pokot are in the alert drought phase while six (6) counties Embu (Mbeere), Kajiado, Narok, Makueni, Taita-Taveta and Tana-River are in the normal drought phase, whereas (7) counties; Baringo, Isiolo, Mandera, Marsabit, Samburu, Turkana and Wajir are at an alarm phase. During the month under review, none of the counties reported an improving trend, four (4) counties recorded stable trend while eighteen (19) counties reported a worsening trend. The deteriorating display is as result of no rains during this season Table 13.0: Drought phase classification, March 2022 Drought Trend status Improving Stable Worsening Normal Embu (Mbeere) Makueni Kajiado Taita-Taveta Narok Tana-River Alert Tharaka-Nithi Garissa Kilifi Kitui Kwale Laikipia Meru North Nyeri (Kieni) Alarm Baringo Isiolo Mandera Recovery Recommendations Food and safety nets Provision and scale-up of food assistance and shock responsive cash transfers targeting households which are currently food insecure as a result of the prevailing drought stress. Livestock sector Provision of livestock feeds and supplements to save core breeding stock. Supportive veterinary treatments and vaccination against emerging livestock diseases. Active monitoring of transboundary livestock diseases. Water sector Support water trucking interventions. Rehabilitation and maintenance of strategic water facilities. Provision of fuel subsidies to motorized strategic boreholes. Procurement and distribution of water storage tanks at strategic locations. Health and nutrition sector Support for integrated health outreaches, nutrition mass screening and referrals Support on hygiene and sanitation promotions. Provisions for severe acute malnutrition - Ready to Use Therapeutic Food (RUTF). Supplies for moderate acute malnutrition - Ready to Use Supplementary Food (RUSF). Support for point of use water treatment. Education sector Enhance hygiene promotion in learning institutions. Provision of food to subsidize school fees in boarding secondary schools. Support incentives for school enrolment and retention. Peace and security sector Facilitating intrainter communities peace dialogues and resource use agreements. Coordination of peace and security activities in conflict prone counties. Coordination Support County Steering Groups (CSGs) and cascading to sub-counties and sector technical working groups to effectively coordinate drought response activities. Annex 1: Vegetation Condition Index (VCI-3 month) as at 27th March 2022 ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT VEGETATION DROUGHT CATEGORIESREMARKS GREENNESS BARINGO County The entire county and four of its sub-counties recorded moderate 25.84 23.08 vegetation deficit which was stable when compared with the Central 24.65 31.91 previous month. Mogotio remained stable at severe vegetation deficit while Eldama remained normal vegetation greenness. Eldama 42.22 36.43 Mogotio 16.22 16.21 26.17 24.19 26.38 26.44 Tiaty 23.79 20.22 MANDERA County The county recorded severe vegetation condition which is same 16.17 12.05 as of the previous month. Mandera East worsened to extreme Banissa 23.49 14.41 vegetation deficit M East 10.81 9.48 Lafey 13.49 10.08 M North 20.36 14.07 M South 11.95 11.51 M West 15.5 11.44 TURKANA County The county recorded an improvement in vegetation greenness 37.31 46.88 but still remained at normal vegetation condition. Turkana T Central 63.64 85.67 central, Turkana south and Loima sub-counties recorded above T. East 33.01 34.37 T. Loima normal. 60.16 74.72 T. North 23.0 31.65 T. South 43.89 54.86 T. West 30.32 38.27 MARSABIT County The county improved to a moderate vegetation condition during 18.92 21.42 the month of March. Moyale recorded Severe vegetation deficit Laisaimis 12.7 14.29 from moderate in February. Moyale 23.03 18.87 N. Horr 20.82 25.56 29.12 30.88 WAJIR County The County and all of its sub counties recorded severe and 14.89 13.6 extreme vegetation deficit during the month under review with W East 9.51 8.54 majority remaining stable, However, Wajir Eldas improved from Extreme to Severe vegetation deficit. W. Eldas 9.5 10.31 W. North 16.84 15.27 W. South 19.16 16.35 W. Tarbaj 11.02 11.08 W West 11.4 11.61 SAMBURU County The county and all of its sub-counties recorded severe vegetation 21 16.45 deficit during the month under review with a deteriorating trend. S East 18.85 13.87 S. North 23.3 19.1 S. West 21.85 17.81 2022 35 - 50 Normal vegetation greenness GARISSA County The county dropped from Above normal vegetation greenness to 52.18 46.35 Balambala 33.57 31.81 Daadab 35.23 27.97 69.69 57.93 Ijara 70 70.29 Lagdera 15.14 16.17 Dujis 79.25 62.8 ISIOLO County The county remained stable at moderate vegetation deficit during 28.05 26.79 the month under review. Isiolo North remained at severe I. North 17.57 18.72 vegetation deficit. I. South 44.07 39.12 TANA RIVER County The county and all its sub-counties recorded above normal 62.11 51.28 vegetation greenness except Bura sub-county which dropped 52.73 44.75 from above normal greenness to normal vegetation greenness. Galole 65.54 51.84 Garsen 67.92 56.47 KAJIADO County The County and all of its sub-county recorded normal vegetation 41.55 41.12 greenness. Kajiado remained stable at normal vegetation 34.4 38.01 condition whereas Kajiado West improved from moderate to K. Central normal vegetation deficit. 56.28 45.2 K. East 51.11 49.53 K. North 47.37 36.34 K. South 34.3 44.8 K. West LAIKIPIA County The County recorded severe vegetation deficit which was a 23.47 17.17 deteriorating trend. Laikipia East was at moderate vegetation 46.95 32.69 deficit. L. East 19.63 13.95 L. North 19.33 15.69 L. West THARAKA County The county and all its sub-counties recorded above normal 67.14 58.8 NITHI vegetation greenness during the month under review which was 73.54 67.33 stable as compared to the previous month of February. Chulga 75.53 68.36 Maara 62.04 52.53 Tharaka WEST POKOT County The County and two of its sub-counties recorded moderate 28.53 27.4 vegetation deficit during the month under review which was 27.79 29.47 stable when compared with the previous month of February. Kacheliba Pokot South remained at normal vegetation greenness. Sigor still 31.25 29.34 Kapenguria remained at severe vegetation deficit. 42.6 37.21 19.26 16.18 Sigor EMBU County The county and all its sub-counties recorded above normal 74.51 63.92 vegetation greenness during the month under review which a 75.01 68.6 stable trend. Manyatta 72.93 61.84 74.93 62.1 Runyenjes 76.01 70.22 County The county and all of its sub-counties recorded above normal 68.65 54.57 vegetation greenness during the month of March which was 62.96 58.4 stable as compared to the previous month. Kitui Central 73.64 58.72 Kitui East 63.9 54.05 KITUI 69.87 59.14 73.62 66.9 Kitui Rural 59.13 53.07 68.35 50.21 Kitui South 67.64 55.85 Kitui West County The county and all its sub-counties recorded above normal 69.32 59.34 vegetation greenness during the month under review which was 76.81 77.86 stable but with reduced VCI values. Kaiti 68.02 55.25 Kibwezi East Kibwezi 68.87 56.33 72.91 65.96 MAKUENI Kilome 66.53 55.17 Mbooni 71.58 68.67 County The county and six (6) of its sub-counties recorded above normal 61.75 51.5 vegetation greenness while 3 recorded normal vegetation 57.76 49.41 greenness during the month of March which was stable as Buuri compared to the previous month. 71.79 60.97 Imenti 63.98 51.45 51.31 39.14 MERU 72.73 63.2 63.61 53.6 North Imenti South Imenti 70.25 64.65 54.7 43.55 Tigania East 66.54 51.8 Tigania West County 59.2 61.01 The county and all its sub counties remained stable at above 59.27 57.13 Kieni 59.03 65.61 Mathira 58.82 55.05 Mukurweini NYERI 60.87 73.62 58.29 67.23 Othaya 57.81 58.54 County The vegetation condition in the county and three of its sub- KILIFI 47.05 40.08 counties was at normal vegetation greenness during the month 46.86 36.26 under review. Rabai and Kilifi South deteriorated from moderate Ganze to severe vegetation deficit, with the other counties being stable 33.02 22.97 Kaloleni as compared to the previous month. 52.51 47.38 Magarini 42.59 36.7 Malindi 33.86 26.65 Kilifi-North 21.86 13.82 Rabai Kilifi-South 24.78 17.74 The county and all of its sub-counties recorded moderate 29.71 26.69 County vegetation deficit during the month under review which was a 30.2 26.56 Kinango stable trend. Msambweni deteriorated to moderate vegetation condition from normal vegetation greenness during the previous KWALE Lungalunga 26.29 23.44 month. 30.07 30.68 Matuga 39.68 33.72 Msambweni County The County and its sub-counties recorded Above normal 65.59 67.35 vegetation greenness which was an improvement in values from LAMU Lamu East 63.73 64.59 previous month. 66.67 68.94 Lamu West 2022 35 - 50 Normal vegetation greenness County The County recorded normal vegetation greenness which was a 51.38 47.5 decline as compared to the previous month of February. 51.9 60.98 Mwatate TAITA Taveta 41.93 42.69 TAVETA 54.18 45.39 Wundanyi 63.34 49.98 County 40.69 58.26 There was an improvement in vegetation cover as the county and NAROK three of its sub-counties improved from normal vegetation Narok-East 32.56 47.92 greenness to Above normal greenness. Emurua Dikirr remained Emurua stable at above normal greenness during the month under 63.18 66.28 Dikirr review. Narok North remained stable at normal vegetation greenness while Narok East improved from moderate vegetation 49.48 62.54 Kilgoris deficit to normal vegetation greenness. 40.51 47.13 38.85 59.27 40.31 64.55 Annex 2.0: Indicators monitored by the drought early warning system Type of indicator Examples of indicators monitored Types of impact Biophysical Rainfall data Environmental Vegetation condition State of water sources Production Livestock body condition Livestock production Milk production Crop production Livestock migration Livestock mortality Access Terms of trade (meatmaize) Markets Milk consumption Access to food and water Distances to water Utilization MUAC (Mid-Upper Arm Circumference) Nutrition Coping strategies Coping strategies Food consumption score Annex 3.0. Summary of the drought early warning system Each month, field monitors collect data in a number of sentinel sites across 23 arid and semi-arid counties. This is then complemented by information from other sources, particularly satellite data. For all indicators, the current value is compared with the long-term average for the time of year in order to establish whether it falls within seasonal norms. Four types of indicators are monitored, capturing different kinds of impact (Table 12). The combined analysis from all four indicator groups then determines the particular drought phase: normal, alert, alarm, emergency or recovery (Figure 5). Identifying the correct drought phase helps to guide the most appropriate response for that stage in the drought cycle. Figure 3.0: Drought Phase Classification