BARINGO COUNTY 2019 SHORT RAINS FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT A Joint Report by the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG) and Baringo County Steering Group (CSG) The 2019 short rains assessment in Baringo County was conducted by technical members of the County Steering Group (CSG) that were drawn from agriculture, livestock, water, education and health and nutrition sectors and other stakeholders. The assessment was carried out in the four major livelihoods namely; mixed farming, pastoral, agro-pastoral and irrigated cropping livelihood zones. The main objective of the short rains assessment was to develop an objective, evidencebased and transparent food and nutrition security situation analysis following the short rains of 2019. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to carry out the situation analysis. Rainfall performance was above normal. Some off season rains were also received in January. The main drivers of food insecurity were livestock diseases, conflict and malaria outbreak. Food stocks are available with the bulk of it being held at the household level. Livestock productivity is normal as evidenced by good livestock body condition, near normal milk production as well as high livestock prices. Terms of trade are good mostly for pastoral households. Markets are functional and are well stocked with the basic household items though Barwessa market was closed due to quarantine measures. Conflict tension may lead to market disruptions in pastoral areas. Water access and availability for both household and livestock consumption is good. Return trekking distances and waiting time are lower than the long term means. Water consumption per person per household is above long term means across all the livelihoods and is 20 to 30 litres on average. Latrine coverage is lowest in pastoral areas at three percent. Generally, a proportion of three (3), 21 and 76 percent of the households across the livelihoods have poor, borderline and acceptable food consumption respectively. There was an upsurge of malaria cases by 56 percent in the month of January compared to the previous month of December 2019. Normal coping strategies are being employed. The proportion of children at risk of malnutrition increased marginally in the month of January probably due to upsurge of malaria cases. Baringo County is classified in Stressed Phase (IPC Phase 2). The pastoral livelihood zone is in IPC Phase Two (Stress, IPC Phase 2) while the irrigated, agro pastoral and mixed farming livelihood zones are in the Minimal Phase (IPC Phase One). EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..................................................................................................................... 2 1.1. County Background ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Objectives of the Assessment .......................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Methodology and Approach ............................................................................................................ 5 2.1. Rainfall Performance ...................................................................................................................... 5 2.2. InsecurityConflict .......................................................................................................................... 6 2.3. Other Shocks and Hazards ............................................................................................................... 6 3.1. Availability ..................................................................................................................................... 6 3.1.1. Crop production ............................................................................................................................. 6 3.1.2. Cereal stocks.................................................................................................................................. 8 3.1.3. Livestock production ..................................................................................................................... 8 3.2. Access ............................................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.1. Market operations ........................................................................................................................ 13 3.2.2. Terms of Trade ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.2.3. Income sources ............................................................................................................................ 14 3.2.4. Water access and availability ....................................................................................................... 15 3.2.5. Food consumption ....................................................................................................................... 17 3.2.6. Coping strategy ............................................................................................................................ 17 3.3. Utilization .................................................................................................................................... 17 3.4. Trends of Key Food Security Indicators ....................................................................................... 19 3.5. Education..................................................................................................................................... 20 4.1. Prognosis Assumptions ................................................................................................................. 21 4.2. Food Security Outlook (March, April and May) ............................................................................ 22 4.3. Food Security Outlook (June, July and August) ............................................................................. 22 5.1. Conclusions ................................................................................................................................... 22 5.2. Ongoing Interventions ................................................................................................................... 23 5.3. Recommended interventions .......................................................................................................... 27 5.3.1.Non- Food Interventions ............................................................................................................... 27 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 County Background Baringo County borders Turkana and Samburu Counties to the North, Laikipia to the East, Nakuru and Kericho to the South, Uasin Gishu to the South West, and Elgeyo - Marakwet and West Pokot to the West. The county covers an approximate area of 11,015 square kilometers (Km2) with a population of 666,783 persons (2019 Housing and Population census, Kenya National Bureau of Statistics). The county is divided into six (6) sub Counties namely: - Baringo North, Baringo Central, Baringo South, Mogotio, Tiaty and Eldama Ravine. There are four main livelihood zones in the county which include mixed farming, pastoral, agro-pastoral and irrigated cropping (Figure 1). The main hazards in the county across the livelihoods are drought, water shortages and conflicts. Other hazards are crop pests and diseases in the irrigated cropping and the mixed farming livelihood zones. 1.2 Objectives of the Assessment The main objective of the 2019 Short Rains Food Security Assessment (SRA) was to conduct an objective, evidence-based and transparent food security situation analysis following the performance of short rains season of 2019 in Baringo county, taking into account the cumulative effect of previous seasons, and to provide recommendations for possible response options based on the situation analysis. Specifically, the assessment was aimed: i. To ascertain at livelihood level, the quantity and quality of the 2019 short rains and assess the impact of the season on food security situation. ii. To obtain adequate and reliable information for projecting food security needs iii. To assess the geographical spread of other hazards, and determine the impact of the shock on livelihoods iv. To assess the impact on livelihoods including crop and livestock production, markets, water, nutritional status and socio-economic conditions. v. To take stock of the available response activities addressing food insecurity and malnutrition and to establish required non-food intervention, with particular emphasis on programmes that promote preparedness and build household resilience. vi. To assess potential food needs, including options for appropriate transfer modalities such as food for assets, cash and vouchers, safety nets and general food distribution 1 : P o pL oiv te io nlih oo u la t io n P e M ix e d F a P a s t o r a l A g r o P a s I r r i g a t e d r m in t o r a l C r o p 1.3 Methodology and Approach The 2019 Short Rains Assessment exercise was conducted by a multi sectoral and multi-agency team comprising of the County Steering Group and technical experts from the Departments of agriculture, livestock, water, education and health and nutrition at the county level. The assessment was conducted from 10th to 14th February 2020. The process began with the initial CSG briefing of the aims and objectives of the assessment followed by sector presentations and later a review of the sector checklists. The technical teams then proceeded to the field for a fact- finding mission upon sampling representative sites based on livelihood zones, with the aim of triangulating the information provided in the checklists with the actual situation on the ground. The process involved an in-depth analysis of primary data collected through Key Informant Interviews (KII), semi-structured community Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) comprising both gender, market surveys, and sectoral checklists. During the transect drives, visual inspection techniques were also employed and observations noted. Secondary data was collected through the checklists which were administered to the relevant departments for collection of quantitative data and gave sectoral briefs during the county steering group. Other data that was available to assist in the analysis included livelihood zone data, satellite data for rainfall, routine Demographic Health Information Systems (DHIS) data, National Drought Management Authority bulletins and SMART survey report among others. Data collected was analysed at the sub-county and livelihood zone levels and sectoral county reports prepared. Further analysis was done using the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) reference tool. The team later compiled and drafted county report whose preliminary findings were presented to the CSG for adoption and ownership. 2. DRIVERS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE COUNTY 2.1. Rainfall Performance Baringo County receives bimodal rainfall and is dependent on the long rains of March-April-May (MAM) which extends to July. The short rains season is in October-November and December. The onset of the season was early in the first dekad of October compared to the normal of second dekad of October. On average, the County received a total of 476.68 mm of rainfall against the long term average of 179.68 mm. Most parts of the county received 201-350 percent of normal rains while a few pockets received 141-200 percent of normal short rains (Figure 2). Both spatial and temporal distribution of the rains was good. The rains ceased normally Figure 2 Rainfall performance in the third dekad of December. The county did receive off season rains during the third dekad of January 2020. 2.2. InsecurityConflict Cases of resources based conflict emerged in Saimo Soi ward in Baringo North sub county, ChuroAmaya and Loyamorock wards in Tiaty Sub County were reported. This created some tension in the affected areas and threatening normal functioning of the markets. However, the conflict only lasted for 3 weeks and had since been resolved by the local administrations. 2.3. Other Shocks and Hazards Livestock disease outbreak of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) was reported in Baringo North Sub County leading to closure of livestock markets such as Barwesa. This affected market access and subsequently affecting household incomes. A swarm of locusts was also reported in Tirioko ward, Tiaty Constituency in mid-January 2020. However, the impact of the locusts on food security is still insignificant. Floods and excess rains also interfered with farm preparation activities leading to less acreage being put under crop. Some crops were also swept away by floods. Outbreak of malaria cases in January also affected food utilization in the county. 3. IMPACTS OF DRIVERS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 3.1. Availability 3.1.1. Crop Production Rain-fed (major crops) Short rains in Baringo are critical for food and Nutrition security as they supplement the harvest from the long rains and helps in recharge of water bodies for irrigation purposes. The short rains of 2019 in the County were above the LTA average. Most of the farmers did not plant during the short rains season and this reduced the area under rain-fed crop farming, this was as a result of extended June-July-August rains which overlapped with the onset of the short rains, hence farmers didnt prepare their farms on time. For instance, area under maize and beans was 40 percent and 96 percent respectively of their LTA achievement. Acreage under maize went down as the early onset coupled with intense rains interrupted land preparation. The crop in the field is stable although some has been affected by floods especially in Kerio Valley, Barwessa ward where 86 Hectares of maize were destroyed by rains. Close monitoring of the continuing rains is being done Table 1: Area under Rain-fed Crop Production Crop Area planted Long Term 2019 Short Long Term Average during 2019 Average (5 year) rains season (5 year) production Short rains area planted production during the Short season during the Short (90 kg rains season (90 kg (Ha) rains season (Ha) bags)Tons bags)Tons ProjectedActual 1. Maize 134 336 3,150 8,300 2. Beans 860 899 7,988 13,491 4. Irish Potatoes 1,467 1,289 13,313 13,020 5. Cowpeas 31 36 163 200 6. Green grams 11 7 77 34 In addition, there was an outbreak of desert locust which invaded Kamurio, Maron, Rotu and Tiaty hills in Tiaty Sub County. Other areas where the outbreak was reported included sibilo, Bartabwa and Kuikui in Baringo North sub County, and Koriema in Baringo South Sub County. The damage caused was negligible on both crops and pasture as control measures were undertaken. The County is in high alert for any outbreak of desert locusts for appropriate control measures to be taken. The projected short rains maize and beans production reduced as compared to the long term average production due to reduction in acreage planted as well as skeptism by farmers about the reliability of the short rains. Irrigated Agriculture Table 2: Area under irrigated Agriculture Area Long Term 2019 Short rains Long Term planted Average area season Average during 2019 planted during the production (90 production during Short rains Short rains season kg bags) the Short rains season (Ha) (Ha) ProjectedActual season (90 kg bags) Maize 75 31 2,813 1,340 Tomatoes 25 23 272 235 Water melons 155 85 3041 1580 The area under maize increased by 141 percent of the LTA (Table 2). This was due to recharge of water sources and most farmers who didnt plant under rain fed opted to plant using irrigation water hence the increased acreage. The overlap of the June-August rains with the short rains also favored irrigation farming. The production of maize was 210 percent of the long term average. There were some fungal and bacterial diseases that affected most of the tomatoes and black night shade in the field. 3.1.2. Cereal stocks Table 3: Main Cereal stocks in the County Maize Rice Sorghum TOTAL Commodity Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Farmers 607,721 593,945 12 - 1,825 524 710,905 716,762 Traders 76,882 102,373 1,356 2,465 485 644 1,368 2,465 Millers 26,302 20,444 - - 12 120 2,322 1,288 Food AidNCPB - - - - - - - Farmer stocks were above the long term average (Table 3) by two percent and this was attributed to cumulative effects of rainfall performance of the short rains and long rains seasons of 2019. The bulk of the stocks are held in Eldama Ravine Sub County. Traders stocks are below long term averages (LTA) and are not moving due to low demand in the market. The sorghum stocks held by farmers are 248 percent above LTA as the rains were very favorable for the crop. Farmers are continuing to sell their stocks in order to purchase inputs for the long rains, so the stocks will decline in the next three months. Currently households in the pastoral and agro pastoral zones have limited stocks compared to those in the mixed and irrigated areas. The pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones are also depending on traderslocal markets for their supplies. In a normal year the stocks are expected to last for five to six months until the next harvest, but this depends on market prices where farmers can sale their produce within two months. 3.1.3. Livestock Production The main livestock species kept in Baringo County include; cattle, goats, sheep, honeybees, poultry and camels. The government has put effort to promote rabbit farming. Lactating camels are known to provide milk even in dry periods and can form good protein source during the dry period. The camel can be good livelihood asset, if spread among pastoral households. The short rains in Baringo County are very important in pasture and fodder production. Agricultural by- products like maize stalks, maize cobs, sorghum and millet straw not to forget the legume by products are conserved for future use. These by-products are important for their utilization during dry period and hence supplement strategic feed reserves in the ASAL wards in the county. Table 4 shows the significance of livestock production to food and income. Table 4: Livestock Contribution to Income and Food Livelihood zone contribution Food Income Mixed farming 25 23 Irrigated cropping 25 8 Agro-pastoral 20 50 Pastoral 21 88 Pasture and Browse Condition Table 5: Pasture and Browse Condition Liveliho Pasture Browse od Zone Condition Pr o jected Factors Condition Projected Factors Duration to limitin Duration to limitin last (Months) g last (month) g access access Curre Norm Curre Norm Curre Norm Curre Norm nt al nt al nt al nt al Mixed Good Good 3 3 None Good Good 4 3 None Irrigated Good Good 3 3 None Good Good 4 3 None Agro- Good Good 3 2 None Good Good 4 2 None Pastoral Good Good 3 2 Insecuri Good Good 4 2 Insecuri ty ty tensions tensions The forage condition is good across all livelihood zones (Table 5). The duration pasture is expected to last three months as compared to normal 2-3 months while browse is expected to last four months compared to 2-3 months normally. There is limitation to forage in Saimo Soi and Kapedo as result of security challenges. The livestock are usually grazed by male youth and women. In other cases, the livestock are released to the fields themselves and come back later on the afternoon. Livestock Productivity Livestock Body Condition The livestock body condition is currently good across all livelihood zones (Table 6). The condition is attributed to good quality forage. There is improved trend in body condition due to improving forage quality and the situation is likely to remain if the present rains continue. The livestock body condition may affect livestock prices upwards hence improving the farmers purchasing power. Table 6: Livestock Body Condition Livelihood Cattle Sheep Goat Camel Zone Currently Normally Currently Normally Currently Normally Currently Normally Mixed Good Good Good Good Good Good NA NA Irrigated Good Good Good Good Good Good Agro- Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Pastoral Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Good Birth Rates The general birth rates were three percent across all livelihood zones as a result favorable conditions. This is attributed to good conception enabled by adequate forage of high quality. The deviations were due to levels of forage and livestock body condition per livelihood zone. With the highest being in mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zones and lowest in agro- pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones. Tropical Livestock Units (TLUs) The average tropical livestock holding was 3.08 for poor households and 4.9 in medium households (Table 7). The present TLUs are compared to three (3) in poor and 4.7 in medium income households in the last assessment. There was slight increase in TLUs as compared to last assessment. Table 7: Tropical Livestock Units Livelihood zone Poor income households Medium income households Current Normal Current Normal Mixed faming 2.8 3 3.5 4 Irrigated 2.35 3.5 3.94 5 Agro-pastoral 2.98 5 5.5 6 Pastoral 4.2 7 7 7 Average 3.08 4.6 4.9 5.25 Milk Availability Milk availability slightly increased and was attributed to improved forage quality, and reduction in trekking distance (Table 8). The increases resulted in decrease in milk prices to Ksh.30-50 in mixed and irrigated cropping zones, while in agro-pastoral and pastoral zones, milk retailed at Ksh 60 per litre. Some households in the pastoral livelihoods zones were still getting milk from mixed farming zones. Milk consumption was 2-2.5 litres as compared to 2-3 litres long term average. Table 8: Milk Availability, Consumption and Prices Livelihood zone Milk production per Milk consumption per Prices(KES) HH(Lts) HH(Lts) Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Mixed farming 5-7 8 2.5 3 30-50 50 Irrigated 5-7 8 2.5 3 50 50 Agro-pastoral 3.5 4 2 2 60 60 Pastoral 3 3 2 2 60 60 Water for Livestock The main sources of water include boreholes, permanent rivers, which are Kerio, Amaya, Pekerra, Molo, Arabal, Wasenges and Mukutani (Table 9). The lakes include Bogoria, Baringo, Kamnarok and lake 94. The water pans were recharged between 80-90 percent but are still being recharged with the presence of off-season rains. The trekking distance was stable at 3-7 kilometers. The watering frequency remained constant across all livelihood zones adequate water availability due to enhanced rains. Access to water from the lakes was limited by crocodile hazards. Table 9: Water for Livestock Livelihood Sources Return trekking Expected duration Watering zone distance(Km) frequency (No of days per week) Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Mixed Streams, Streams, 0.5-2 1-1.5 Throughout Throughout 7 7 farming Rivers, Rivers, springs, springs, piped piped water, water, boreholes, boreholes, Irrigated Rivers, Rivers, 0.5-2 1-1.5 Throughout Throughout 7 7 cropping shallow shallow wells and wells and springs. springs. Agro- water Streams, 3-6 3-7 2-3 months 3 months 7 7 pastoral pans, water Boreholes, pans, rivers, Boreholes streams Pastoral Bore- Water- 3-7 3-7 2-3 months 3 months 7 7 holes, pans, water Bore- pans, holes, rivers rivers Livestock Migration There were no reported migrations due to pasture and water deficiency. However, insecurity tensions between Baringo North with Tiaty Sub County on one hand and Tiaty Sub County with Turkana County have caused households to move to the interior of their sub-counties. Cases of livestock migration are not expected in the next three months due to the prevailing favorable water and forage conditions. Livestock Diseases and Mortalities The notifiable disease reported was Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in Barwessa Ward (Table 10). In the process, quarantine was imposed leading to a closure of all the markets in the ward. The other diseases reported in the county were normal in their normal ranges. There were no mortalities due to drought save for few diseases related mortalities. Measures taken were disease surveillance in all the counties and vaccination in targeted sub-counties as per available resources. Table 10: Livestock Diseases and Mortalities due to Diseases Sub- Disease Area Reported Livestock Livestock lost Measures county taken(Vaccinations Baringo NCD Sub-county-wise Chicken 100 chicken Endemic Central (Endemic) LSD Salawatenges Cattle No deaths Re-current Tiaty CCPP Sub-county-wise Goats NR PPR Sub-county-wise Sheep and NR goats FMD Loyamorok Cattle camels NR LSD Kolloa Cattle 3 cattle Eldama FMD Majimazuri Cattle 6 cases reported No action Ravine mumberes,Koiba Abortions Ravine ward Cattle 8 cases reported ECF Ravine,Perkerra, Cattle 15 cases reported L.kwen Baringo CCPP Kimorok Goats 54 NR south Heart water Illchamus Goats 40 goats NR FMD Mochongoi Cattle No deaths reported NR Mange Marigat Goats No deaths reported NR Lumpy Marigat Goats No deaths reported NR Disease Baringo CCPP Sub-county-wise Goats 17 goats Endemic north (Endemic) PPR Saimo Soi, Shoats 16 goats 23,450 vaccinated FMD Bartabwa Cattle No deaths 23,050 vaccinated FMD Saimo soi, Cattle No deaths Quarantine LSD Barwessa Cattle No deaths Re-current Sheep Kabartonjo, All 9 sheep Re-current pneumonia Saimo Orf Sibilo Shoats 28 cattle Helminthia Sub-countywise Shoats 113 Anaplasmo Saimo soi Cattle 9 Rabies Kabartonjo, Dogs No deaths 325 vaccinated Saimo Anthrax Kbo, Saimo Cattle 20 deaths 5026 vaccinated Kipsaraman, Bartabwa E.C.Fever Kbo Cattle 13 deaths 3.2. Access 3.2.1. Market operations The main markets for livestock in the county include Kipsaraman, Barwessa, Loruk and Kinyach in Baringo North; Kolloa, Nginyang, Tangulbei and Amaya in Tiaty; Marigat, Kabel in Baringo South; Kaptara in Baringo Central; Majimoto, and Emining in Mogotio and Iloti and Kapcholoi in Eldama Ravine sub-counties. Market operations were normal albeit for Barwesa market, which was disrupted due to quarantine as a result of FMD outbreak. The major food commoditiesstaples were available in the markets from the previous seasons harvest. Supplies from other markets outside the County were also stable. Markets play a crucial role towards achieving accessibility pillar of food security in terms of availing the food and income. Maize Prices The current average price for kilogram maize was at Ksh. 47, a marginally increase of four percent as compared to the previous month at Ksh. 46 (Figure 4). The price was stable in in comparison to the long-term average at this time of the year. Pastoral livelihood Zone recorded the highest price of Ksh.49 per Kg while irrigated Livelihood Zone recorded the lowest of Ksh.33 per Kg. This can be attributed by the decreasing stocks at household levels and increased stocks at local retailers. Figure 3. Maize Prices Beans Prices The average price per kilogram for beans decreased by 10 percent at Kshs.111.2 in comparison to the previous month at Ksh. 124. (Figure 4). The price decrease was attributed to harvesting of beans in the irrigated livelihood zone and influx of the commodity in the pastoral livelihood zones as the beans come from the neighbouring Elgeyo Marakwet County.Pastoral Livelihood Zone recorded the highest average prices of Ksh.125 while the irrigated recorded the least prices of Ksh.90 Figure 4. Beans Prices Goat prices The average price of a medium size goat was relatively stable at KSh. 2,917 as compared to the previous month at KSh. 3,065 (Figure This goat price was above the LTA by percent. The prices were highest in irrigated cropping livelihood Zone at KSh. 3,667 and lowest in Agro Pastoral livelihood zone at Ksh.2, 500. The better prices were as a result of good livestock body conditions and limited livestock numbers availed for sale in the markets. Figure 5. Goat Prices 3.2.2. Terms of Trade The terms of trade decreased by eight percent in comparison to the previous month of January at 66.9 to currently 61.7 (Figure 6). This was attributed to slight decrease in goat prices and increase in maize prices. The current terms of trade are better in comparison to the long-term average. Irrigated cropping livelihood zone had the highest terms of trade of 96.5 while agro pastoral livelihood zone had the least at 55.6 Figure 6: Terms of trade 3.2.3. Income Sources The main sources of cash income are varied across the livelihood zones key among them being livestock production, cash crop production, and casual waged labour among others as illustrated in table 11 below. Table 11: Main Sources of Cash Income Sources of Income Contribution to Cash Income per Livelihood Zone () Pastoral LZ Agro-pastoral Irrigated LZ Mixed Farming LZ LZ Livestock Production 88 50 5 23 Food Crop Production - 4 5 5 Cash crop production -- - 59 30 Small Business 1 4 5 7 Casual Waged Labour 1 15 10 20 Formal Waged Labour 1 5 4 5 Poultry Production 2 5 3 1 Fishing - 10 4 - 3.2.4. Water Access and Availability Major Water Sources The main sources of water for both livestock and domestic use include; Rivers, water pans, dams, lakes, streams, protected shallow wells, springs, swamps, boreholes and traditional river wells. Generally, the water sources are mainly concentrated in the mixed farming livelihood zones where the potential is high and rainfall amounts are higher as compared to the pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones which are rocky and poorly served by rivers. Generally, in the mixed farming and irrigated farming zones communities have more access to water than in pastoral livelihood zones. Most of the water pans across the county in the pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones were recharged to between 95-100 percent of their normal capacity as compared to 60-70 percent normally. The available water is likely to last 3-4 months as compared to 2-3 months normally. In irrigated cropping and mixed farming livelihood zones, water pans were recharged up to 100 percent of their normal capacity except for Keriwok and Cheptuya water pans that have low water levels and low recharges respectively as a result of their structural designs and facility locations. The water is expected to last 3-4 months. The general status of water levels in springs, rivers and water pans in all livelihood zones are stable but on slight reducing trend due to high temperatures, utilization and siltation levels. Currently, 90 percent of the boreholes are operational across all livelihood zones; however, some few boreholes are not operational due to normal electro-mechanical breakdowns for example Kreeze borehole, Kirim borehole, Ngoron, Kapkun borehole, Silonga borehole and water quality challenges like Perkerrra, Labos, Kailer, Longewan, Kampi Ukulima along the western rift valley of Baringo county (Table 11). Table 12: Major Water Sources Ward Water No. of No. of Projecte Normal of full Locality of Non- Livelihoo Source Normal Current d Duratio Capacity operational Water d zone (Three Operatio Operati Duration n that Recharged Sources (3) nal onal (Operati water by the major Sources onal last in Rains sources) Sources) months Pastoral 1. Bore 76 70 Over 6 Over 6 stable Ngooron Bh, Kreeze Holes Months months Bh, Kirim Bh , Ngoron, Kapkun BH, Silonga BH 2.Water 63 63 34 3 4 90 - 3.Spring 10 10 3 - 4 4 5 70 - 80 s Months Months Agro - 1. Bore 56 52 Over 6 Over 6 stable Pastoral Holes Months months 2. Water 23 23 3 4 3 4 95 - 3. 18 18 3- Over 6 70 - 80 Springs 4Months months Mixed 1. Bore 39 37 Over 6 Over 6 stable Farming Holes Months months 2. 135 135 Over 6 Over 6 80 - 90 Springs Months Months 3.Rivers 6 6 Over 6 4 -5 90 - 95 Months Months Irrigated 1. 6 6 3months Over 6 95 -100 Cropping Rivers months 2.Shallo 8 3 3- Over 6 stable Perkerrra, Labos, w Wells 4months months Kailer, Longewan, Kampi Ukulima, 3. 3 3 Over 3 stable Swamps Months Distance to Water Sources The average return trekking distances to domestic water sources were slightly below normal at 3- 4.5 km in pastoral and 3-3.5 km in agropastoral livelihood zones, as compared to the normal of 3.5 5.5 kms. The distances were normal at 0.5 -1.5Km in mixed farming and irrigated farming livelihood zones due adequate water availability as result of good rainfall performance. Waiting Time at the Source The current water status is projected to be stable in pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones as compared to the normal season last year. The waiting time at the source in mixed farming livelihood zone is between 2-3 minutes which is slightly below normal while in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas it was between 2-4 minutes which is below normal. Cost of Water and Consumption The cost of water at the source is generally stable at Ksh 3-5 across all livelihood zones while water from open water sources is free. The water vendors sold water depending on the distances covered but on average it was sold at Ksh 20 per 20 litres jerican. Water consumption per person per day was slightly above normal at 25 30 litres per person per day in mixed farming and irrigated farming livelihood zone and 20-25 litres in agro pastoral and pastoral zone compared to normal (Table 12). This was attributed to adequate water availability across all livelihood zones. Table 13: Return Distances to Water Sources, Cost of Water, Waiting time and Consumption Ward Return Distance to Cost of Water at Waiting Time at Average Water livelihood zone Water for Domestic Source (Ksh. Per Water Source Consumption Use (Km) 20litres) (Minutes) (Litrespersonday) Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Pastoral 5 - 6 3 4.5 3 - 5 3 - 5 3 - 5 2 - 4 12 - 15 20 - 25 Agro Pastoral 3.5 5.5 3 3.5 3 - 5 3 - 5 3 - 5 2 - 4 12 - 15 20 - 25 Mixed Farming 1.5 3.0 1.0 1.5 3 5 3 5 2 - 3 2 - 3 15 - 20 25 - 30 Irrigated 0.5 - 1.5 0.5 1.5 3 - 5 3 - 5 1 - 2 1 - 2 15 - 20 25 - 30 Cropping 3.2.5. Food Consumption According to the NDMA bulletin, 2.8 percent of the households reported poor food consumption and were in the pastoral livelihood zone (Figure 7). The proportion of households with borderline food consumption was 31.7 in pastoral, 13.3 in fishing and 3.3 in agro pastoral livelihood zones. Generally, a proportion of 1.9, 23 and 75.1 percent of the households across the livelihoods have poor, borderline and Figure 7: Food Consumption Score acceptable food consumption score respectively. Food security situation across all livelihood zones was stable as compared to the previous month; this is attributed to availability of leafy vegetables and better purchasing power across all livelihood zones. 3.2.6. Coping strategy The average coping strategy index was 13.88 a decrease compared to last month at 14.22 (Figure 8). Households in agro pastoral livelihood zone employed most coping strategies at 23.2 followed by pastoral at 14.3. The irrigated zones employed least coping mechanisms at 4. The decrease in the coping strategies was due to availability of food at households Figure 8: Coping Strategy Score level across all livelihood zones 3.3. Utilization 3.3.1. Morbidity and Mortality Patterns Among the three most common diseases, and malaria have shown a declining trend in 2019 compared to 2018 among children under the age of five. While in general population there is a decline in diarrhoea. As illustrated in Figure 9 the three most common diseases for under five children, and malaria have shown a declining trend in Figure 9: Morbidity for under five (5yrs) 2019 compared to 2018 among children under the age of five, while the diarrhea cases have increased. Figure 10 shows malaria increase by 56 percent down from 2,980 cases in December 2019 to 6,775 cases in January 2020 among the general population. The increase may be attributed to enhanced rainfall performance which created a conducive environment for breeding of mosquitoes. Figure 10: Morbidity for General Population 3.3.2. Immunization Coverage and Vitamin A supplementation The average county immunization coverage between July and December 2019 increased to 63.1percent, up from 60.1 percent same period in 2018. The current coverage remained below the national target of 80 percent. The increase in coverage for fully immunized children can be attributed to increase in integrated outreaches and Figure 11: Vitamin A supplementation improvement in increase in immunizing sites in the county. Vitamin A supplementation for the county between June and December 2019 indicated an increase. Four out of seven sub counties achieved percentage of the national target of 80 percent as shown in Figure 11. The increase in Vitamin A coverage for children 12-59 months can be attributed to Malezi Bora activities which made use of Early Childhood Development (ECD) and Community Health Units in Baringo Central (89), Baringo north (92.9), Mogotio (85.6) sub counties. 3.3.3. Nutritional Status and Dietary Diversity The nutrition status of the children under five years of age had marginally improved with proportion at risk of malnutrition being 20 percent, as compared to the previous month at 21 percent (Fig 12). However, the upsurge of malaria cases in irrigated livelihood zone, Komolion, Ribko and Kollowa wards in the pastoral livelihood zones saw higher rates of malnutrition. Komolion and Kollowa wards in the pastoral livelihood zones recorded highest levels of malnutrition at 27.8 and 23.64 respectively. 3.3.4. Sanitation and Hygiene Hand washing at the four critical moments was 2.2 and 10.1 percent in Tiaty and Baringo North and South sub counties respectively. The proportion of households using soap and water for hand washing in Tiaty sub-county was 24.7 percent while in Baringo north and Baringo south sub- counties the proportion was 69.5 percent. The county latrine coverage up to June 2019 was 43.6 percent with East Pokot Sub County having the lowest at 3.14 percent (Table 13). Open defecation was high across the livelihoods as evidenced by the SMART Survey data where 93.3 percent of the households in Tiaty Sub County relieved themselves in the bush or open field. In Baringo North, 27.2 percent were reported to be relieving themselves in the bush or open field. About 20 30 percent of households in pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones in Chepkalacha, Sirata, Kapkuikui, Kaptara, Amaya, Sintaani reported persistence of water related diseases like typhoid, amoeba, diarrhea and malaria as a result of inadequate toilet coverage and low levels of personal hygiene. Table 14: Latrine coverage SNO. Sub County Latrine coverage 1 Koibatek 78 2 Baringo Central 47 3 Marigat 46 4 Mogotio 4 5 5 Baringo North 42 6 East Pokot 3.14 7 Tiaty East 3.14 Baringo County 43.6 Trends of Key Food Security Indicators Table 15: Food Security Indicators Indicator Short rains assessment, Long rains assessment, July, 2019 of maize stocks held by 102 55 households Livestock body condition Agro Pastoral Good Agro Pastoral Fair-Good (Cattle) Irrigated cropping Good Irrigated cropping Mixed Farming Good Mixed Farming Good -Fair Pastoral-all species Good Pastoral-all species Fair Water consumption (litres Agro Pastoral 20-25 Agro Pastoral 10-15 per person per day Irrigated cropping 25-30 Irrigated cropping 20-25 Mixed Farming 25-30 Mixed Farming 15-20 Pastoral-all species 20-25 Pastoral-all species 8-10 Price of maize (per kg) Ksh 55kg Distance to grazing Agro Pastoral 3.3 Agro Pastoral 1-2km Irrigated cropping 0.8 Irrigated cropping Mixed Farmin Mixed Farmin 1 km Pastoral-all species 3.5 Pastoral-all species 3-4km Terms of trade (pastoral 67 46 zone) Coping strategy index County-13.9 County-14.3 Agro Pastoral-27 Agropastoral-23.2 Pastoral-14.5 Irrigated Cropping-4. Pastoral-14.3 Irrigated Cropping-4 Food consumption score Acceptable 75.1 Acceptable 60.7 Borderline 23 Borderline 34.5 Poor 1.9 Poor 4.9 3.4. Education 3.5.1. Enrolment There was an increase of three, five and 10 percent in enrolment in ECDE, Primary and Secondary levels respectively at end of January Term I within the county (Table 15). The increase was majorly attributed to the admissions of after age entry carried out in term 1. Secondary schools enrolment increased due to increase in allocation of free day secondary education fund and 100 percent transition policy. Table 16: Enrolment Term 111 2019 Term I 2020 Enrolment Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total ECD 25,352 24,282 49634 25918 25258 51176 Primary 75452 70734 146186 78485 74443 152928 Secondary 23558 22953 46511 25076 26040 51116 3.5.2. Participation The average monthly attendance of pupils in ECDE centres increased in Term I 2020 compared to term III 2019 because of timely disbursement of Home Grown School Meals Program (HGSMP) funds to primary schools. Early pregnancies, peer influence, motor bike riding and transfers were the main cause in low attendance of girls and boys. 3.5.3. Retention (Drop out) There was no significant drop out reported although daily absenteeism was experienced from time to time across all levels. Drop out of girls from school is normally associated with early pregnancies, negative influences, drugs and lack of school fees. Boys on the other hand drop out in search of money through motor bike riding, drugs and negative influences. The main reasons for absenteeism in school for ECD centres, primary and secondary schools were lack of food in school due to delays in delivery of food. 3.5.4. School Meals Programme A total of 260 public primary schools with 62,150 pupils are under the Home Grown School Meals Programme (HGSMPLRPNON LRP); 115 schools with 20,315 pupils are under Regular School Meals Programme (RSMP) supported by the Government of Kenya (GoK) and World Food Programme (WFP) as shown in Table 16. The food basket includes maize, beans, vegetable oil and salt. The Homegrown School Meals Programme is the only programme in all public primary schools in the county. This Programme has contributed to an increased and sustained enrolment in all public primary schools within the county by attracting children to school, improving learners attendance and boosting their retention rate while in class. Water and firewood shortages remained the challenges experienced in the programme leading to pupils missing meals occasionally. Occasional delay in disbursement of HGSFP fund to Primary schools which delayed the procurement processes has constrained the provision of meals to pupils. Public ECD pupils have a snack in the form of enriched porridge supported by the county government. Table 17: School Meals Program Sub Counties No. Of Schools HGSMPLRPNON RSMP Total No. of LRP Beneficiaries Boys Girls Boys Girls Boys Girls Baringo Central 34 3,392 3,340 0 0 3,392 3,340 Mogotio 106 14,280 13,913 0 0 14,280 1,3913 Marigat 49 6,610 6,415 0 0 6,610 6,415 Ravine 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Baringo North 71 6,980 7,220 0 0 6,980 7,220 Tiaty 115 0 0 11,209 9,106 11,209 9,106 Sub Total 375 31,262 30,888 11,209 9,106 42,471 39,994 Total 62,150 20,315 82,465 4. FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS 4.1. Prognosis Assumptions According to the meteorological department, the long rains season of March-April- May will be above normal with an early onset. Forage conditions are expected to remain good due to the above normal rains that were received in the short rains season. The off season rains will ensure that the forage conditions will be good up to the next season. Livestock prices will remain relatively above normal due to good body condition. Milk production will remain above normal up to the nest rainfall season. There will be minimal livestock disease outbreak with minimal impacts on markets. According to NDMA bulletin, cereal prices will decline marginally but remain stable as the harvested crops starts entering markets. The water situation will remain good. Return distances from water points will remain below normal while waiting time at water source will be shorter compared to the previous normal seasons. The normal crop calendar will remain in force with farmers planting on time for the oncoming long rains season. There will be minimal crop pest interference. Minimal cases of malaria outbreak will be reported in some pockets of the county due to prevailing above normal wet conditions. 4.2. Food Security Outlook (March, April and May) Food consumption is likely to improve in the next three months. This is attributed to improving livestock productivity whereby purchasing power of households will be enhanced thus being in a position to access food. There are food stocks within the households and traders which likely to last up to the next season. Nutrition status of children under five years will improve in the next three months. This is due to improved milk production and consumption at the household level. The livestock body condition is expected to remain good and stable thus ensuring enhanced milk production. The proportion of households applying general coping strategies is expected to reduce in the next three months. This is due to adequate current food stocks held at households and traders thus there will be very minimal cases of food intake gaps Irrigated cropping livelihood zone is expected to apply non coping strategies while pastoral livelihood zone will be applying minimal stressed coping strategies. Mortality rates are expected to remain static for the next three months 4.3. Food Security Outlook (June, July and August) Most households are expected to have acceptable food consumption. This is due to the expected good yield from the long rains season as well as improved livestock production and productivity. Good livestock body condition will translate to better livestock prices leading to improved purchasing power mostly for pastoral households. Nutrition status will be normal. Cases of malnutrition are expected to be very minimal as milk production and consumption will be normal to above normal. Majority of the households across all livelihood zones are expected to apply non coping strategies in accessing food. Mortality rates are expected to slightly decline 5. CONCLUSION AND INTERVENTIONS 5.1. Conclusions 5.1.1. Phase classification The overall county IPC phase classification is in phase two (Stressed). The irrigated agriculture, agro pastoral and the mixed farming livelihood zones are in phase one (IPC phase 1) while the pastoral livelihood zone is in IPC phase 2 (Stressed). 5.1.2. Summary of Findings The performance of the short rains season was above normal compared to the previous seasons. The onset of the season was early while both spatial and temporal distributions were good. The county also encountered off season rains in January. Forage conditions were above normal, resulting in improved livestock body condition. There was improved livestock productivity in terms of body condition and milk production. Livestock disease outbreak was minimal with foot and mouth outbreak being reported in Baringo North Sub County. Acreage under maize declined compared to long term average in rain fed agriculture, leading to 67 percent decline in normal crop harvest. The county had sufficient maize stocks with households having stocks that were above long term averages. Water situation was above normal compared to long term means across the livelihood zones. Return trekking distances and waiting time were less than normal. The water sources are likely to last longer than usual. Nearly all the open water sources were recharged to their full capacity. Water consumption per person per day was above normal across all the livelihood zones. Markets were functional and were well stocked with food and non-food commodities. Barwessa market in Baringo North Sub County was closed due to quarantine measures. Livestock prices remained above long term averages while on the other hand, cereals particularly maize exhibited a declining trend. Terms of trade were favorable, translating to higher purchasing power especially for pastoral households. School enrolment and participation improved in term 1 compared to the previous term across all the levels of learning. Majority of the households had acceptable food consumption across all the livelihoods. Household employed normal coping strategies in accessing food. There was an upsurge of malaria cases mostly in Tiaty Sub County, a factor that affected food utilization especially for children. Latrine coverage was reported to be very low in the pastoral areas compared to the national average. 5.1.3. Sub-County Ranking Table 18: Sub County ranking Sub County Food Security Main food security threat (if any) Rank (Worst to Best) (1-10) Tiaty 1 Foot and mouth, LSD, malaria outbreak, water borne diseases, insecurity tension, locust invasion, market interruption Baringo South 2 Floods, malaria outbreak, water borne diseases, malnutrition, insecurity Baringo North 3 Foot and mouth disease, malaria upsurge, quarantine Mogotio 4 Minimal malnutrition cases, floods, foot and mouth Baringo Central 5 Eldama Ravine 6 5.2. Ongoing Interventions 5.2.1. Food interventions There is no general food distribution program in the county. However, several schools in the county are benefitting from school feeding program. 5.2.2. Non-Food Interventions Table 19: Nonfood interventions Intervention Specific Cost Number of Implementation Implementation location beneficiaries timeframe stakeholders Male Female Vitamin A All 2,200,000 47,200 47,545 Routine MOH supported supplementation health by UNICEF, facilities, WVK Afya selected uzazi Zinc All 867,000 37,000 38,000 Routine County facilities health Management of 100 231,000,000 52600 54892 Routine County Acute Malnutrition health department of (IMAM facilities health supported by National Surge at government, 6 health UNICEF, WVK facilities and WFP in East Pokot IYCN All 52,600 54,892 County Interventions (EBF health department of and Timely Intro facilities health supported of complementary and by Afya uzazi Foods communi ty units Iron Folate All County among Pregnant facilities health supported Women ANC by WVK, UNICEF Deworming All 33,683 facilities Food Fortification Blanket County supplementary department of feeding health supported Cash transfer KRCS WVKWFP National Food Aid National Outreaches County Mass screening County Health education, County passing of health department of messages health services, AGRICULTURE Creation of ALL 2.3 M 5,000 2015-2019 National productive assets Government and by households- County Especially Farm Government of ponds Baringo, Development partners Post-Harvest ALL(Pro 8.5 Million 2000 2019-2020 County Practices(Inputs vided Government supply and with construction of Hermetic stores in Baringo bags) North and Eldama Cereal Ravine stores build at Bartolim o and Kewango Soil Fertility ALL 0.6 M 400 2017-2019 Baringo County management Government- Agriculture Nutrition and Food ALL 0.4 M 3,000 2017-2019 Baringo County Utilization Government- initiatives Agriculture Livestock Baringo 0.2M 500HH Jun2019- BCG upgrading North onwards County- 16.5M 1,200 Dec 2019 BCG Commercial off- wise Provision of Baringo 1.M 200HH Aug,2019-Oct, MOALF, pasture seeds south, 2019 BCG 500Kg Baringo north, Tiaty, central, Mogotio, Of NFIs to youth 500HH 4M 300HH Jul,2019-Jan, BCG groups 2020 Partners Provision of Tiaty 2M 3,000HH July 2019-Oct BCG beehives Baringo 2019 North Vaccination Baringo 2M 2000HH August 2019 BCG RPLRP against Central PPR,Rabies and Baringo FMD. North Funding of farmer ERavine 500HH Jul,2019- BCG KSCAP groups(C.I.Gs) Baringo Jan,2020 Disease County- 0.1M 50,000TLU Jul, 2019- BCG surveillance wise Jan,2020 Capacity building All sub- 1M 1,000HH Throughout BCG(MOALF) of Farmers counties Partners General water Commun 10M 380HH On going BCG, NG, supply and BHs ity KRCS rehabilitation Construction of Whole 46M 1560HH 1year BCG, NG, New water County Projects Drilling and Whole 200M 2620 HH 1 Year BCG, NG, Equipping County Strategic 10 No. Capacity building Whole 4.5M 2130 HH 1 Year BCG, NG, RCS, on water County WV, UNCEF, management and Catchment protection 5.3. Recommended interventions 5.3.1. Non- Food Interventions Sub Intervention Number of Proposed Required Available Time countyWar beneficiari implementer resources resources frame d es s All Mass screening 80 sites County 1,500,000 150,000 April department of 2020 East Pokot, Integrated medical 40 sites County 5,000,000 1,600,000 April Baringo outreaches department of May,Jun North, health e Marigat services, Afya 2020 mogotio uzazi, All Purchase and County 3,000,000 1,000,000 May distribute water department of 2020 treatment drugs health All Passing health and 57 CUs County 4,000,000 1,200,000 April nutrition messages to department of June the community health 2020 BBC midia action All IMAM Strengthen LMIS 100 health County 900,000 - April implementin reporting and request facilities department of 2020 g health health facilities services, Tiaty East, Agri-Nutrition 57 Cus County 10,000,00 2,00,000 East Pokot, departme 0 0 Marigat, nt of Baringo, health North, services, Mogotio and BBC Baringo media central action 57 Sensitize CHEWS 57 Cus County 1,500,000 - community and CHVs on departme units nutrition technical nt of module health Selected Implement IMAM Tia 40 health County 6,000,000 1,500,00 health surge facilites departme 0 facilities nt of (40) all over health the county services, , WVK Selected Implement BFCI 30 health County 4,000,000 - CUs facilites departme nt of , WVK, uzazi County Purchase and 25 Health County 3,000,000 500,000 distribute fridge to facilities departme new health facilities nt of services,, Uzazi Community 18 No. Water Supply 2,480HH BCG, NG, 120M 10M 1- 6 Water Rehabilitation KRCS, WV, months Supplies in upgrading UNCEF, pastoral and Servicing and ACTED, agro- replacement of USAID, pastoral pumping units NDMA livelihood Institutions Roof Water 60 BCG, NG, 18M - 1- 6 Communitie harvesting structures Institutions KRCS, WV, months s in Pastoral UNCEF, and Agro- ACTED, Pastoral USAID, Zones NDMA Community Stock piling of Fast 1,260 HHs BCG, NG, 600,000 1- 6 WS in Moving Spares 20 KRCS, WV, months Pastoral and No. community ASAL UNCEF, agro- water supplies areas NDMA Water Capacity 30 No. BCG, NG, 10 M 1- 6 supplies in Strengthening on Community KRCS, WV, months Pastoral and WASH Water Water UNCEF, Agro- Management and supplies ACTED, Pastoral Catchment protection ACTION Zones AID, USAID, pastoral and Supply of Water 3,000HHs BCG, NG, 6 M - 1 -6 agro treatment KRCS, WV, Months pastoral equipments like UNCEF, Zones water purifiers, Pur, ACTED, Aqua tabs etc ACTION Whole Water Governance Baringo BCG, NG, 3 M - 1 -6 County and Management County KRCS, WV, Months Policy development Water UNCEF, Resources ACTED, Users ACTION NEMA, WRMA, NDMA, WFP pastoral and Drilling and 1500HH BCG, NG, 180M 60M 1 - 5 yrs agro Equipping of RCS, WV, pastoral strategic 12 No. BHs UNCEF, Zones along migratory NDMA routes and settlement areas pastoral and Construction and 1800HH BCG, NG, 200M 30M 1 5 yrs agro Upgrading of 16 No. RCS, WV, pastoral potential Low Cost UNCEF, Zones Water Supplies NDMA, CIM, pastoral and Construction of 4 2400HH BCG, NG, 800M 1 -5Yrs agro No. Small dams for RCS, WV, pastoral domestic and UNCEF, Zones irrigation water use NDMA pastoral and Capacity 50 No. BCG, NG, 50 M 1 - 5Yrs agro Strengthening on Water RCS, WV, pastoral Wash Water Supplies UNCEF, Zones ManagementResour NDMA, CIM, ces Mobilization WFP Conflict Resolution and Management and Catchment protection -BNorth, -Vaccination against, Countywid BCG, 4M - Feb,202 Mogotio FMD, LSD e National 0-June, Tiaty(FMD) -Disease surveillance government 2020 Tiaty, and BNorth(LS Development D) partners Tiaty Reseeding of pasture 500HH BCG 10M 0.5M Feb- Baringo RPLRP April North Partners 2020 to Baringo Dec Baringo Establishment of MOALF 54.088 M Aug North strategic livestock BCG 2019- -Tiaty feed reserves; 3 in NDMA(EU) Dec,201 -Baringo - Tiaty, 2 in Baringo Partners 2 South North 2 in Baringo Mogotio south and 1 in All sub- Hay harvesting and 41,500HH BCG 60M Aug county baling machinery RPLRP 2019- 1 per sub-county KCSAP Dec,202 AGRICULTURE SECTOR Inputs all 10000 National Finances Staff 2019- provision Government, (Kshs 10 2022 including County million) capacity Government building on and post-harvest development and safe use partners of chemicals Enhance 10000 National Finances Staff 2019- asset All Government, (Kshs 2022 creation for County 200 households Government Million) especially and Farmponds development and water partners pans for production Enhance Irrigation schemes 2000 National Finances Staff 2019- irrigated Government, (Kshs 10 2022 Agriculture County Million) by Government conducting and Soil analysis development and crops partners suitability surveys in all irrigation schemes Supply All Schools with 200 Ministry of Finances Staff, 2019- inputs farms Education, (200 Availabilit 2022 especially Ministry of Million) y of well drought Agriculture fenced escaping and Irrigation, farms, planting County materials Government and and fertilizers to development Schools and partners other institutions of Learning for Learning income generation and food and Nutrition security Support of ALL 50000 Communicati Kshs 15 Staff 2019- Extension on companies, Million 2022 through County digifarm Government platform for and Projects Development monitoring, partners effective service delivery, marketing and market Linkages