BARINGO COUNTY 2018 LONG RAINS FOOD SECURITY ASSESSMENT REPORT County Steering Group August, 2018 1 Fredrick Owino (State Department for Development of ASALs); Charles Chebarwett (World Vision Kenya). 1.1. County Background..................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Objectives .................................................................................................................... 4 2.1. Rainfall Performance................................................................................................... 5 2.2. InsecurityConflict ....................................................................................................... 6 2.3. Other Shocks and Hazards .......................................................................................... 6 3.1. Availability .................................................................................................................. 6 3.2. Access........................................................................................................................ 11 3.3. Utilization .................................................................................................................. 15 3.4. Trends of Key Food Security Indicators ................................................................... 17 4.1. Education ................................................................................................................... 18 5.1. Assumptions .............................................................................................................. 19 5.2. Food Security Outlook for September to November, 2018 ...................................... 19 5.3. Food Security Outlook for December to February, 2019.......................................... 19 6.1. Conclusion ................................................................................................................. 20 6.2. Ongoing Interventions ............................................................................................... 21 6.3. Recommended Interventions ..................................................................................... 23 Food security assessment is a bi-annual assessment conducted by a multi-agency and multi sector representatives from the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG); the County actors. The 2018 long rains food security assessment which covered all the 23 Arid and Semi- Arid Counties (ASAL) counties of Kenya was conducted from 6th to 17th August, 2018. In Baringo county, the assessment covered the four main livelihood zones namely Mixed farming, Pastoral, agro pastoral and irrigated cropping. The overall objective was to develop an objective, evidence-based and transparent food security situation analysis following the performance of long rains season of 2018, taking into account the cumulative effects of situation analysis. The onset of the long rains was early in the first dekad of March. The cumulative amounts received during the season amounted to 931mm which were above 350 percent of normal long rains. Spatial distribution was even and good temporal distribution characterized by continuous rains throughout the season. The rains ceased late in the third dekad of June compared to normal in the third dekad of May. There was a general increase in acreage planted for crops both for the rain-fed agriculture and also irrigated agriculture due to massive campaigns by the county government to enhance food security and also the shamba system which saw more forest land opened up for cultivation. Projected production is also expected to be above the long term average. The current household maize stocks stands at 150 percent of the long term average with most of it held by farmers in Eldama Ravine due to carry over from the previous season. Livestock body condition is good for all livestock species across the county due adequate forage and water. Return trekking distances have reduced and range between three to four kilometres in the agro-pastoral zones and up to six kilometres in the pastoral livelihood zones. Milk production and consumption at household level have slightly improved especially in the mixed farming and irrigated livelihood zones where four to six litres are produced per household. Markets operations are normal in most markets except for Barwessa ward where markets are closed due to quarantine. Livestock prices are above the long term average due to good body condition while food commodity prices have fallen below the long term average especially cereals. Terms of trade are currently favourable as 71 kilograms of maize can be purchased from the sale of an average-sized goat compared to 31 kilograms same period last year. There was improvement in the food consumption score with 91 percent of households having acceptable food consumption score, eight percent having borderline and one percent having poor food consumption score. In the agro-pastoral livelihood zones, the proportion of households within the borderline food consumption group is 23 percent and 32 percent in pastoral livelihood zone. The mean reduced coping strategy index is 14. Only 1.5 percent of the population are not employing any coping strategy. 24 percent of the households reduced quantity of food consumed by adultsmothers to ensure that children had enough to eat; 20 percent reduced the portion size of meals; 18 percent reduced number of meals per day; 17 percent borrowed food or relied from friends or relatives; and similar proportion relied on less preferred andor less expensive food. Nutritional status also showed an improvement with GAM prevalence rate for the county based on the weighted average standing at seven percent with Tiaty Sub County recording GAM prevalence rate of 17 percent. The proportion of children below five years who are at risk of malnutrition stands at 13 percent. The county is thus classified as Minimal or None (IPC Phase 1) across all livelihood zones except pastoral livelihood zone which is stressed (IPC Phase 2). 1. INTRODUCTION 1.1. County Background Baringo County borders Turkana and Samburu Counties to the North, Laikipia to the East, Nakuru and Kericho to the South, Uasin Gishu to the South West, and Elgeyo - Marakwet and West Pokot to the West. The County covers an approximate area of 11,015 square kilometres (Km) with an estimated population of 703,697 persons (Kenya National Bureau of Statistics, 2016 Projected Population). Administratively, the county is divided into six (6) sub Figure 1: Proportion of the Population by Livelihood Zones Counties namely: Mogotio, Baringo North, Baringo Central, Tiaty, Eldama Ravine, and Baringo South. The County has four main livelihoods namely, Mixed Farming, Pastoral, Agro Pastoral and Irrigated Cropping. The proportion of the population in each livelihood is 43, 31, 22 and four percents respectively as shown in Figure 1. Main sources of income in the county include: Livestock production contributing 88 percent of cash income in the pastoral; 50 percent in the agro- pastoral; and 23 percent in the mixed farming livelihood zones. Others sources of income include: Cash crop production; food crop production and casual waged labour with varied contributions across livelihood zones (Table 9). 1.2. Objectives The overall objective of the Long Rains Food Security Assessment (LRA) was to develop an objective, evidence-based and transparent food security situation analysis following the performance of long rains season of 2018, taking into account the cumulative effect of situation analysis. Specifically the assessment was aimed: To ascertain at the livelihood level the quality and quantity of the 2018 March to May long rains and assess their impact on all key sectors including crop; livestock; water and sanitation; health and nutrition; and education. To establish the impacts of other compounding factors on household food security, such as livestock diseases, livestock mortality, crop failures and market food prices. To establish required non-food intervention, with particular emphasis on programmes that promote preparedness and build household resilience. To assess potential food needs, including options for appropriate transfer modalities including food for assets, cash and vouchers, safety nets and general food distribution. 2 2 3 1 4 3 ix e d F a r m in a s t o r a l g r o P a s t o r a l r ig a t e d C r o p p in g Methodology and Approach The 2018 LRA assessment which was a multi-agency and multi sectoral approach consisted of representatives from the Kenya Food Security Steering Group (KFSSG); the County actors. The process involved an in-depth data collection and analysis of primary data including Key Informant Interviews (KII), Focussed Group Discussions (FGDs), community interviews, market surveys, and checklists administration. During the transect drives, visual inspection techniques were also employed and observations noted. Secondary information was also analysed from the SMART surveys, National Drought Management Authority (NDMA) monthly bulletins, and Food Security Outcome Monitoring (FSOM) data. Data collected was analysed at the sub-county and livelihood zone levels and sectoral county reports generated. Further analysis was done using the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) reference tool. The assessment was conducted from 6th to 17th August, 2018 covering all the 23 Arid and Semi-arid (ASAL) counties of Kenya. The process began with the initial CSG briefing of the aims and objectives of the assessment followed by sector presentations and later a review of the sector checklists. The technical teams then proceeded to the field for a fact-finding mission with the aim of triangulating the information in the checklists with the actual situation on the ground. The team later compiled and drafted county report whose preliminary findings were presented to the CSG for adoption and ownership as the true reflection of the county food security status. 2. DRIVERS OF FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY IN THE COUNTY 2.1. Rainfall Performance Baringo County experiences a bimodal rainfall pattern with the long rains season occurring in March to May and short rains season from October to December. The County receives an average annual rainfall ranging from 500 millimetres (mm) in the lowlands and up to 1,500 mm in the highlands around Kabartonjo, Kabarnet, Sacho and Barwessa divisions. The county is long rains dependent for crop production across all the livelihood zones. The onset of long rains was early in the first dekad of March compared to the normal onset in the second dekad of March. The cumulative amount of rains received during the season amounted to 931mm which was over 350 percent of normal long rains as shown in figure 2. Spatial distribution was even across the county with good temporal distribution Figure 2: Rainfall distribution as a percent of normal characterized by continuous rains throughout the season. The rains ceased late in the third dekad of June compared to normal in the third dekad of May. 2.2. InsecurityConflict Currently there are no major resource based conflicts in the county. Peace initiatives are currently being undertaken by different stakeholder to enhance peaceful coexistence among the households living in pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood zones. 2.3. Other Shocks and Hazards In Pastoral and Agro Pastoral livelihood zones of Baringo South outbreak of Rift Valley fever and Blue tongue diseases were reported. These diseases threaten the livelihoods of farmers who rely upon the animals for food and income supply. The diseases are likely to spread to other area if not contained on time. Fall Army Worm (FAW) out-breaks were reported in all livelihood zones across the county at the beginning of the season. Despite the FAW outbreak, maize production was not affected because of the substantial rains that suppressed the larva enabling maturity of the maize plant. IMPACTS OF DRIVERS ON FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY 3.1. Availability 3.1.1. Crop Production Baringo County depends mainly on the long rains for crop production across all the livelihood zones except in irrigated cropping livelihood zone which depends on irrigation. Maize is mostly grown for food in the agro-pastoral and mixed farming livelihood zones contributing 63 and 21 percents to food in the respective zones. While in the same zones, Food crop production contributes four percent to cash income in the agro-pastoral livelihood zone and five percent in the irrigated and mixed farming livelihood zones. However, in the irrigated zones, maize is grown for commercial purposes contributing 26 percent to cash income. Due to its varied ecological zoning, the County has diversified crops. The main food crops grown in the County include Maize, Beans, millets, Irish Potatoes, cow peas and Sorghum. Other crops are horticultural crops and even cash crops like coffee, cotton and pyrethrum. Rain-fed crop production The three main crops grown under rain-fed agriculture during the long rains were maize, beans and finger millet. Generally the acreage cultivated in 2018 was higher than the long term average due to massive campaigns by the county government to increase food security through provision of inputs; improved rainfall and also the shamba system a programme which saw opening up of new forest land in Eldama Ravine, Baringo South and Baringo central. The acreage for maize and finger millet increased by 13 and 5 percent respectively of their long-term averages while that of beans reduced by 4 percent as shown in Table 1 below. Farmers delayed planting because most of the farms were inaccessible with machinery in the low lying areas of Kerio valley and Churo Amaya wards due to the heavy long rains The rains positively affected the growth of the crops except in the low lying areas of the county in which 348 hectares of land was affected by floods. Table 1: Crop Production under Rain-fed Agriculture during 2018 Average area season production production during the Long rains planted during the (90 kg bags) Long rains season (90 season (Ha) Long rains season ProjectedActual kg bags) Maize 45,122 40,046 1,133,940 800,650 Beans 21,196 22,028 200,709 253,223 Finger millet 5,744 5,466 43,904 39,325 Despite the attack of Maize crop by Fall Army Worm (FAW), production is expected to be above the LTA, since farmers controlled the worm and also the continuous rains reduced the effect of the pest. Around 14,130 hectare was affected by the worm affecting about 31 percent of the crop. Maize harvest is projected to be 42 percent above the long term average while that of finger millet is projected to be 12 percent above the long term average production. The Bean crop was also affected by the heavy rains and their production was expected to be below the long term average by 21 percent as most beans were destroyed by excess rains. The average maize production across the County is expected to be 25 bags per hectare. Mixed farming areas and irrigated livelihood zone is projected to have the highest production as compared to the Agro pastoral zones. Irrigated crop production The main crops under irrigated agriculture were maize grown commercially for seed, beans, cowpeas, watermelon and tomatoes. There was an increase in area under seed maize by 42 percent compared to the LTA due to availability of water thus more farmers were contracted by the seed companies. By comparison there was a decline in the area put under tomatoes and beans by 28 and 10 percent respectively. The decline in these acreages was attributed to the flooding which destroyed arable lands. Production is expected to decline for beans and tomatoes by 18 and 13 percents of the long term averages as most of the crops were affected by fungal diseases due to the continuous wet conditions which also affected watermelons. However, production for commercial maize, cowpeas and seed maize is expected to record above long term average as shown in table 2 below. Notably, irrigation of high value crops is managed by men for commercial purposes while the women and children provide the labour on the farms Table 2: Crop Production under Irrigated Agriculture during the 2018 Average (3 years) season production (3 years) production Long rains season area planted during (90 kg bagsMT) during 2018 Long rains (ha) Long rains season Projectedactual season (ha) (90 kg bagsMT) Maize 50 65 1,392 1,106 Beans 27 30 88 107 Cowpeas 80 80 320 156 Tomatoes 76 106 560 642 Seed Maize 2,166 1,524 84,264 57,150 3.1.2. Cereals Stock The county recorded high volumes of cereal stocks which were above the long term averages maize, rice, sorghum, green grams and millet. Maize stock for instance was 87 percent above the long term average of 197,397 bags in the county. Farmers held 150 percent of their long term averages maize stocks as shown in table 3 below. The above LTA stocks held by farmers were as a result of early harvesting in parts of agro-pastoral and irrigated livelihood zones where planting was early. Furthermore, there were carry-over stocks from the previous season in the mixed farming zones of Eldama Ravine as farmers did not clear their 2017 stocks in anticipation of better prices from NCPB. The stocks held by farmers for Sorghum, Green grams and millet increased by 60, 151 and 10 percents respectively. The above LTA stock of green grams held by farmers were due to increased acreage planted under irrigated livelihood zone during the short rains season of 2017. The current maize stocks held by household is expected to last for 4-5 months in the mixed farming and irrigated livelihood zones and only 1-2 months in the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood zones. Traders hold 346 percent of the LTA due to slow movement since farmers have started harvesting and have stocks and are also utilizing green maize coupled with low market prices. Posho millers currently hold 93 percent above their LTA maize stock. Table 3: Commodity Stocks in the County Commodity Maize Rice Sorghum Green gram Millet Curren LTA Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Curre LTA Farmers 249,78 167,05 0 2 709 443 176 70 1,511 1,372 Traders 78,900 22,818 2,501 2,577 317 273 317 324 460 489 Millers 14,552 7,523 0 0 0 10 0 14 0 14 NCPB 25,932 507 Total 369,16 197,39 3,008 2,579 1,026 726 493 408 1,971 1,875 3.1.3. Livestock Production The main livestock species in Baringo County include; cattle, goats, sheep, honeybees, poultry and camels. There is also an effort by the county government to promote rabbit farming. Livestock production contributes 88 percent to cash income in the pastoral livelihood zones, 50 percent in the agro-pastoral, 23 percent in mixed farming and eight percent in the irrigated livelihood zone. Pasture and Browse Condition The forage condition is good across all livelihood zones as shown in table 4 below. The long rains in Baringo County are very important for pasture and fodder production. Agricultural by-products like maize stalks, maize cobs, sorghum, millet straw and legume by-products are conserved for livestock feed. These by-products are important as they are utilized during dry period and hence supplementing strategic feed reserves in the county. Table 4: Pasture and Browse Condition Livelihood Pasture Browse zone condition Projected Factors condition Projected Factors Duration to last Limiting Duration to last Limiting (Months) access (Months) access Curren Normal Curre Norma Curren Norma Curren Norma t nt l t l t l Mixed farming Good Good 4 3 none Good Good 4-5 4-5 None to fair Irrigated Good Good 4 3 Up surging Good Good 4-5 4-5 None cropping to fair lake water Agro-pastoral Good Good 3 2 none Good Good 3-4 3 None Pastoral Good Good 3 2 None Good Good 3-4 3 None Livestock Body Condition Livestock body condition is good for all livestock species in the county which is an improvement from the previous season. The improvement in body condition is attributed to availability of forage and water due to good performance of rainfall. Body condition is expected to remain good throughout the season. As a result of the improved body condition it is expected that there will be increase in livestock prices, household income and milk production. Subsequently, the nutritional status of children under the age of five will improve. Table 5 below summarizes and compares to normal the body condition of various livestock species in the county. Table 5: Livestock Body Condition Livelihood Cattle Sheep Goat Camel zone Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Mixed Good Good Good Good Good Good NA NA farming Irrigated Good Good Good Good Good Good NA NA cropping Agro- Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Good pastoral good good good Pastoral Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Fair to Good Good good good good Water Availability and Access The main sources of water include: Shallow wells, boreholes, permanent rivers, water pans, streams, springs and piped water. Most open water sources were adequately recharged at 90- 100 percent of their capacities. The trekking distances have reduced compared to same period the previous year due to adequate recharge levels at the sources. Currently, the distances are up to one kilometre in the mixed farming livelihood zones, 3-4 kilometres in the irrigated cropping and ago-pastoral livelihood zones while in the pastoral areas, the distances range between 4-6 kilometres. The watering frequency has improved due to availability of water and all livestock species are watered daily as shown in table 6 below. Table 6: Water Availability and Access Liveli Sources Expected Return trekking Watering hood Duration to last distance(Km) frequency zone (Months) Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Current Normal Mixed Streams, Streams, Until Until 0.5-1 1-1.5 Daily Daily farming Rivers, Rivers, the the springs, springs, onset of onset of piped piped the the water, water, short short boreholes, boreholes, rains rains Irrigated Rivers, Rivers, Until Until 3-4 3-4 Daily Daily cropping shallow shallow the the wells and wells and onset of onset of springs. springs. the the short short rains rains Agro- water pans, Streams, 2-3 3 3-4 3-4 Daily Daily pastoral Boreholes, water rivers pans, Boreholes Pastoral Bore-holes, Water- 2-3 2 4-6 4-7 Daily Daily water pans, pans, seasonal Bore-holes rivers Birth Rates, Milk Production, Consumption and Pricing Current birth rates are normal and within the seasonal range of two to four percent but higher than the rates recorded in the previous seasons due to good body condition. Similarly, there was a slight increase in milk production and consumption at household levels due to availability of forage and water across all the livelihood zones as shown in table 7 below. Milk prices currently range between Ksh. 50-60 per litre in the county which is normal at this time of the year. Table 7: Milk Production, Consumption and Pricing Livelihood zone Milk Production per HH Milk consumption per Prices (Ksh)Litre (ltrs) HH (ltrs) Current LTA Current LTA Current LTA Mixed farming 4-6 5 2 2 50 50 Irrigated cropping 2-3 1.8 2 2 50 50 Agro-pastoral 2-3 1.8 1.5 1.8 60 60 Pastoral 1-2 1.8 1.5 1.8 60 60 Average Number of Livestock (Tropical Livestock Units -TLUs) Table 8: Tropical Livestock Units Livelihood zone Poor income households Medium income households Current Normal Current Normal Mixed faming 2 2.8 3.5 4 Irrigated cropping 2 3.2 4.2 5 Agro-pastoral 2.8 3.2 5 5 Pastoral 3 3.6 5.5 6.5 The average tropical livestock unit is 2.5 for the poor income household and 4.7 for the medium income households. There were variations reported across various livelihood zones with pastoral livelihood zone having higher TLUs compared to other livelihood zones for both the two income groups as shown in table 8 above. Comparatively, there was slight increase in TLUs over the previous season due to the restocking of small stocks in the month of May and June by the Regional Pastoral Livelihood Resilience Programme (RPLRP). Livestock Migration, Diseases and Mortalities There was no livestock migration reported into and out of the county. However, livestock diseases reported in the county include: Contagious Caprine Pleuro Pneumonia (CCPP), Sheep and Goat Pox, PPR, Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), Rabies, Blue tongue, Enterotoxaemia, Black quarter, and New Castle Disease (NCD). There was also confirmed outbreak of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Logumgum area and Lumpy Skin Disease in Barwessa ward leading to imposition of quarantine in Barwessa by the time of the assessment. There were no mortalities due to drought save for few diseases related mortalities. The mortality rates for all livestock species were at normal ranges at two percent. Measures taken were disease surveillance in all the counties and vaccination in targeted sub- counties. 3.2. Access 3.2.1. Markets Operations The main food commodity markets in the county include: Kabarnet, Tenges, Mogotio, Emining, Marigat, Barwessa, Eldama Ravine, Kollowa, Churo and Nginyang. The main livestock markets include Barwessa, Kinyach, Kollowa, Nginyang, Tangulbei, Amaya, Marigat and Emining. Market operations were normal for most markets across the county. However, in Barwessa ward, markets have been closed due to imposition of quarantine as a result of outbreak of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD). An outbreak of Rift Valley Fever has also been confirmed in Logumgum area which is likely to result in closure of markets. The main livestock sold in the markets included cattle, goats and sheep while food commodities included maize, posho, cassava, bananas, rice, beans, kales, cabbages and potatoes. Market Supplies and Traded Volumes The main food commodity supplies come from within the county and also across the county borders from: Elgeyo Marakwet, Nakuru and Uasin Gishu counties. There were high volumes of food commodity traded in the county as traders held above their long term average stocks especially cereals. However, demand was currently low especially for food commodities as only 35 percent of the households were sourcing food from the local markets. Supply for livestock was low as most farmers were reluctant to sell their livestock because of the good body condition. Figure 3: Average Maize Price per kilo in the County .hsK( Ju n Ju l Figure 4: Average Goat Prices in the County ).hsK( 3.2.2. Market Prices Maize Price The current price of a kilogram of maize for July was Ksh. 42 compared to Ksh. 58 same period in the previous year which was lower by 27.6 percent. Compared to the long term average, the price was 10.6 percent lower. Highest prices were recorded in the pastoral livelihood zone at Ksh.65 per kilogram while irrigated livelihood zones recorded the lowest price of Ksh. 35 per kilogram. The low prices recorded in the irrigated livelihood zone were mainly attributed to the timely maturing of on-farm crops which enabled households to access green maize. The trend of maize price has shown a general decline from the month of February which is a sharp contrast to that of the previous year when the season performed dismally as shown in figure 3. Maize is mostly grown for food in the agro-pastoral and mixed farming livelihood zones hence the decrease in maize prices increases there capability to buy maize and also makes Terms of Trade (ToT) favorable. The farmers in irrigated livelihood zones depend on maize as an income source, Low prices in prices diminish their ability to have cash income from maize. Goat Prices Currently as at July, an Average (2013-2017) 2017 2018 average sized goat was valued at Ksh. 2,972 compared to the long term average price of Ksh. 2,107 and Ksh. 1,773 same period in the previous year as shown in figure 4. The current price is 41 and 67.6 percent above the LTA and same period last year respectively. Highest prices were recorded in the pastoral livelihood zones of Tiaty at Ksh. 3,000 while the lowest prices were recorded in the agro-pastoral livelihood zones at an average of Ksh. 2,800 The price trend from the month of March to July has been consistently above LTA and similar period the previous year which is majorly attributed to the good body condition of the goats. Figure 5: Comparative Terms of Trade in the County eziam smargoliK degnahcxe J a n 0 1 7 J u n Ju l 3.2.3. Terms of Trade Terms of trade have improved and are favorable currently as the sale of an average sized goat would purchase 71 kilograms of maize translating to 61 percent above the LTA (Table 5). Comparing the current terms of trade with the same period last year, there has been a significant improvement from 31 kilograms in 2017 to 71 kilograms in 2018 which is attributed the fall of maize prices coupled with an increase in goat prices. The trend shows a general improvement in the terms of trade since the month of February. 3.2.4. Income Sources Livestock production is the main source of cash income in the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood zones contributing 88 and 50 percents of cash income in the pastoral and agro- pastoral livelihood zones respectively. In the mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zones, cash crop production contributes the highest income proportion at 30 and 59 percents respectively. Other sources of income include: Food crop production, fishing, casual waged labour and small businesses with varied contributions to cash income as shown as shown in table 9 below. Table 9: Main Sources of Cash Income Sources of Income Contribution to Cash Income per Livelihood Zone () Pastoral-all Agro-pastoral Mixed Farming Irrigated species Cropping Livestock 88 50 23 5 Food Crop - 4 5 5 Cash Crop - 3 30 59 Fishing - 10 - 4 Casual Waged 1 15 20 10 Labour Small Business 1 4 7 5 3.2.5. Water Access and Availability (Including Cost and Consumption) Major Water Sources The main sources of water for both livestock and domestic use include; Rivers, water pans, dams, lakes, streams, protected shallow wells, springs, swamps, boreholes and traditional river wells. Roof-water harvesting structures are commonly used across all livelihoods in institutions. Most of the water sources were adequately recharged between 90100 percent of their capacities across all livelihoods zones due to heavy rains. Currently surface water facilities hold approximately 6575 percent of their normal capacities. Intakes in Sandai, Kamuskoi, Endao, Salabani were destroyed and or silted due the performance of rains. Flatswampy areas previous cultivated during times of inadequate rains were not productive during the season because of water clogging and flooding. In isolated cases, some few boreholes are not operational due to normal electromechanical break downs and poor management of the resource. However, the status of water levels in dams, boreholes, shallow wells, springs, rivers and water pans is stable across all livelihood zones. The available water is expected to last between 3-4 months except in the pastoral and agro-pastoral areas experiencing high temperatures leading to high evaporation where water is expected to last between 2-3 moths Distance to Water Sources The current return trekking distances to water sources have reduced compared to the normal. In pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones the distances have reduced by approximately 50 percent, which has largely been attributed to the good performance of the rains. The average distances to domestic water sources were normal at 3-5 kilometres in pastoral agro pastoral livelihood zones as compared to the normal of 4-5 kilometres. The distances were normal at less than two kilometres in the mixed farming and irrigated cropping livelihood zones. Cost of Water, Consumption and Waiting time at the Source The cost of water at the source was generally normal across all livelihood zones and has remained stable compared to the same period last year. Water from open water source (rivers, dams and water pans) are not retailed. A 20 litre jerry can retailed at Ksh 3-5 across all livelihood zones whereas vendors sold the 20 litre jerry can at between Ksh. 15-20. Water consumption per person per day is normal at 2530 litres per person per day in mixed farming and irrigated farming livelihood zones and 20-25 litres per person per day in agro pastoral and pastoral livelihood zones. The waiting time at the source ranged between 2-4 minutes in the pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood zones while in the mixed farming and irrigated zones the waiting time was less than two minutes as shown in table 10 below. Table 10: Distances to Water Sources, Cost and Consumption Livelihood Distance to water for Cost of water Waiting time at Average HH use Projected zone domestic use (Kms) (KES) water source (litrespersonday) duration of (minutes) water in (months) Current Normal Current Norm Current Normal Current Normal Pastoral 34.5 4-5 3 5 3 5 2 - 4 3 - 5 20-25 15- 20 2-3 Agro- 33.5 3-4 3 5 3 5 2 - 4 3 - 5 20-25 15- 20 2-3 pastoral Mixed 0.51.5 0.5-2.5 3 5 3 5 2 - 3 2 - 4 25-30 20- 25 4-5 Farming Irrigated 0.5-1.5 0.5-1.5 3 5 3 5 1-2 1 - 3 25-30 20- 25 4-5 Cropping 3.2.6. Food Consumption Table 11: Food Consumption Scores by Groups LRA 2017 LRA 2018 FCS Female Male Mean Female Male Mean Poor 14 3.6 0.0 1.1 Borderline 26.2 9.5 7.3 8.0 Acceptable 59.8 86.9 92.7 90.8 The mean food consumption score in the western agro-pastoral cluster is 65 with 91 percent of the population having acceptable, eight percent having borderline and one percent having poor food consumption scores as shown in Table 11 above. There has been an improvement in food consumption scores; with majority of the population moving from poor and borderline to acceptable food consumption score in 2018 compared to the same season last year as shown in the table above. According to the drought early warning bulletin for the month of June, there was no significant change in food consumption gaps across livelihoods. The proportion of households within the borderline food consumption score was 23.3 percent and 31.7 percent in pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood zone respectively. Currently more households across the livelihoods are consuming at least a staple and vegetable on a daily basis complemented by a frequent consumption of oil and pulses due to relative market stability, milk availability and availability of traditional green vegetables. 3.2.7. Coping Strategy The mean reduced coping strategy index for the western agro-pastoral cluster was 14 compared to 19 the same period last year. This implies that the frequency with which households are employing coping strategies has decreased. In July households in Agro Pastoral livelihood zone employed most coping strategies at 18 followed by Pastoral at 14. The irrigated zones employed least coping mechanisms at 3. Female exhibited more coping strategies at 18 while male having a mean coping strategy of 13. Within the cluster, only two percent of the population was reported as not coping. 24 percent of the households reduced quantity of food consumed by adultsmothers to ensure that children had enough to eat; 21 percent reduced the portion size of meals; 18percent reduced number of meals per day; 17 percent borrowed food or relied from friends or relatives; and 17 percent relied on less preferred andor less expensive food. 3.3. Utilization 3.3.1. Morbidity and Mortality Patterns Acute Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URTI), malaria and diarrhoea were reported to be the most prevalent diseases for under-fives and the general population in the county (Table 12 and 13). There was an increase of 24 percent in upper respiratory infections in 2018 from 4,857 cases same period last year. This was mainly attributed to prolonged rains which brought about cold temperatures resulting in high rates of pneumonia and flu. Table 12: Morbidity Trends for the Under-Fives Upper 2018 13251 12243 10598 8297 13302 13899 Respiratory 2017 10608 10627 12008 9601 1185 4857 4770 4175 4777 9436 9642 7384 Tract 2016 13295 14128 12011 8447 12329 14197 3130 29522 25682 13289 9854 5902 Diarrhoea 2018 2470 2119 2342 1970 4872 2671 2017 3118 2271 2482 2527 3246 1411 1127 1339 1340 2078 1781 1773 2016 3265 2826 3000 2663 2711 2799 4244 2282 2808 2555 2044 1629 Malaria 2018 3035 3051 1731 1580 2739 3155 2017 2689 1937 2112 1674 2192 4857 1594 1332 1790 3346 2664 2635 2016 3903 3610 3281 2485 4058 3440 5983 3778 2828 2705 2100 1522 Table 13: Morbidity Trends for the General Population Upper 2018 26862 23712 19432 11153 24258 26837 Respiratory 2017 1892 18602 19612 12044 23915 6953 6811 6201 7470 11759 16115 12228 Tract 2016 18579 21151 19116 11616 17107 21741 3130 29522 25682 13289 9854 515 Diarrhoea 2018 2681 2163 2090 1591 3163 2288 2017 2206 2207 2826 1970 3332 929 898 702 905 1312 1547 1721 2016 2166 2887 2957 2366 3120 2834 5860 4110 5146 3388 3841 1282 Malaria 2018 9288 7550 4922 3419 5663 6801 2017 4688 4582 6130 3279 5144 2960 2484 2614 3363 6828 6149 6814 2016 7381 7594 6448 5096 5920 5834 8497 7866 8793 5700 4184 4055 3.3.2. Immunization and Vitamin A supplementation The proportion of children under one year who are fully immunized (FIC) in the county from January to June 2018 is 71 percent compared to 60 percent same time last year. The increase in coverage for fully immunized child was attributed to increase in intergraded outreaches and improvement in the cold-chain in the county. Also, implementation of outreaches and result based financing program contributed to the wider immunization coverage in the county. Analysis of data from the DHIS indicates that Vitamin A supplementation coverage was 71.7 percent for children aged 6-59 months for the period January to June 2018 compared to 59.8 percent same period in 2017. The increase in Vitamin A coverage for children 6-59 months was attributed to Malezi Bora activities conducted at ECD and community health units. The coverage in Baringo Central, Baringo South, Baringo North, Mogotio and Koibatek were 105, 41, 64, 73, and 43 percent respectively. East Pokot reported the lowest coverage of 36 percent. 3.3.3. Nutrition Status and Dietary Diversity The Global Acute Malnutrition prevalence for the county based on the weighted average was 6.9 percent. According to Average (2013-2017) 2017 2018 SMART survey conducted in June 2018, Tiaty Sub County recorded GAM m prevalence rate of 16.8 percent compared to 25.2 1 20 percent recorded same C period last year, an U indication of improvement in nutritional status. According to sentinel data from 5 NDMA, the proportion of children below five years who are at risk of malnutrition decreased from Figure 6: Proportion of children with MUAC less than 135mm 14.9 percent in June to 12.9 percent in July 2018 which is below 13.5 percent recorded in July, 2017 as shown in figure 6 above. Dietary diversity for children is between four to five food groups across all livelihood zones mainly starch, vegetables, dairy and dairy products and meat. In the mixed farming livelihood zones, the meal frequency for children under five years is five while adults have three meals a day. In pastoral and agro pastoral livelihood zones children less than five years have a frequency of two to three meals while for adults is two meals a day. 3.3.4. Sanitation and Hygiene Latrine coverage in the county is a major challenge for pastoral and agropastoral livelihood zones. Latrine coverage is lowest in pastoral zone at less than 10 percent and highest in mixed farming at 55 percent. Low latrine coverage is associated with cultural values. Most households in the pastoral zone relieve themselves in the bushes, posing a health risk especially during rainy season. Contamination of open water sources was prevalent as livestock wade directly into open water sources. Most water sources dont have a separate water collection point for livestock and human. About 30 40 percent of households in pastoral and agro-pastoral livelihood Zones reported persistence of water related diseases like typhoid, amoeba, diarrhoea and malaria. There was a low water treatment practice in the county where drinking of raw water directly from the sources was predominant. Only about 10-30 percent of households reported to have treated water in the mixed farming livelihood zones either by boiling or use of chemicals. 3.4. Trends of Key Food Security Indicators Table 14: Food Security Trends in Baringo County Indicator Short rains assessment, February Long rains assessment, July 2018 2018 of maize stocks held by 52 150 households (agro-pastoral) Livestock body condition Good for all livestock species in the mixed farming zone, Good for all livestock species Good to fair for cattle and sheep in across all livelihood zones pastoral and agro-pastoral zones Water consumption (litres 12-15 in pastoral and agro-pastoral Agro-pastoral: 20-25pd per person per day) zones Pastoral: 20-25pd 15-20 in the mixed farming and up to Mixed Farming: 25-30 25 in the irrigated farming Irrigated: 25-30 Price of maize (per kg) 52 42 Distance to grazing (km) Mixed farming: 1-3 Mixed farming: 1 Irrigated: 1-3 Irrigated: 1-3 Agro-pastoral: 3-7 Agro-pastoral: 3-4 Pastoral: 6-13 Pastoral: 5-6 Terms of trade (pastoral 48kg 71kg zone) Coping strategy index Mean 15.7 Mean: 14.1 Agro-pastoral 15.3 Agro-pastoral 18.2 Pastoral 18.4 Pastoral 14.2 Irrigated zone 2.8 Irrigated: 3.2 Food consumption score Poor: 18 Poor: 1.1 Borderline: 20 Borderline: 8.0 Acceptable: 61 Acceptable: 90.8 4. CROSS CUTTING ISSUES 4.1. Education Access (Enrolment) There was an increase of 799 children (439 girls, 360 boys) at the end of Term II in ECD enrolment within the county (Table 15). The increase was majorly attributed to the admissions of after age entry carried out through the year. Primary school enrolment was stable through Term I and II across all the sub counties. Secondary schools enrolment increased in Term II compared to Term I due to increase in allocation of free day secondary education fund and free registration of candidates by Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC). Table 15: Enrolment Term I 2018 Term II 2018 Enrolment Boys Girls Total Boys Girls Total ECD 26,779 25,059 51,838 27,139 25,498 52,637 Primary 74,064 69,623 144,592 74,534 69,910 144,444 Secondary 20,798 20,633 41,431 21,858 21,042 42,900 Participation (Attendance) The average monthly attendance of pupils in ECD centres decreased in Term II compared to Term I because of delay in disbursement of HGMP funds to primary schools. ECDE centres which are devolved at the County rely on primary schools for meals because theres no budgetary allocation at the County. Despite the increase in enrolment at ECDE centres, Marigat Sub County recorded 373 pupils unable to attend classes due to floods and insecurity. In Baringo Central sub county 287 pupils (236 boys and 51 girls) from secondary school missed school due to negative influence from peers, transfers and motor bike riding for boys. Early pregnancies, peer influence, motor bike riding and transfers were the main cause in low attendance of girls and boys in February and June respectively. Retention (Drop out) There was no significant drop out reported although daily absenteeism was experienced from time to time across all levels. Drop out of girls from school is normally associated with early pregnancies, negative influences, drugs and lack of school fees. Boys on the other hand drop out in search of money through motor bike riding, drugs and negative influences. The main reasons for absenteeism in school for ECD centres, primary and secondary schools were lack of food in school (delay in delivery of food). School Meals Programme (SMP) A total of 336 public primary schools with 71,937 pupils are under the Home Grown School Meals Programme (HGMP) supported by the Government of Kenya (GoK) and World Food Programme (WFP) as shown in table 16. The food basket includes maize, beans, vegetable oil and salt. The Homegrown School Meals Programme is the only programme in all public primary schools in the county. This programme has contributed to an increased and sustained enrolment in all public primary schools within the county by attracting children to school, improving learners attendance and boosting their retention rate while in class. Water and firewood shortages remained the challenges experienced in the programme leading to pupils missing meals occasionally. Occasional delay in disbursement of HGSFP fund to Primary schools which delayed the procurement processes has constrained the provision of meals to pupils. Public ECD pupils have a snack in the form of enriched porridge supported by the county government. Table 16: School Meals Programme Sub-County HGSMP No. of Boys Girls Totals Schools Koibatek - - - Mogotio 67 10,586 10,489 21,075 B North 71 6,937 6,539 13,476 BCentral 34 3,141 3,101 6,242 Marigat 49 6,347 6,295 12,642 Tiaty 115 10,709 7,793 18,502 Totals 336 37,720 34,217 71,937 5. FOOD SECURITY PROGNOSIS 5.1. Assumptions According to the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the United States Geological Survey (USGS), there is an elevated probability that cumulative rainfall for the October to December short rains will be above average over the eastern and western Kenya. According to the veterinary department given the outbreak of Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Logumgum, there is high likelihood of the spread of the RFV to other parts of the county leading to market disruptions due to quarantine in Barwessa and Baringo South. Based on Famine Early Warning System Network (FEWSNET)s integrated price projections, wholesale maize prices are expected to remain below the 2017 prices and also the five year average maize prices over the scenario period with expected favourable harvests. According to the State department of Agriculture, Fall Army Warm (FAW) infestation will likely remain at 10 to 15 percent through the scenario period due to the mitigating effect of the heavy March to May rains. According to FEWSNET June, 2018 to January, 2019 food security outlook, pasture and water sources are expected to atypically remain above normal through September to the onset of the short rains. 5.2. Food Security Outlook for August to October, 2018 The food security situation in the county is expected to remain stable across all the livelihood zones until the onset of the short rains. Household food consumption score is expected to remain stable with majority of households moving to acceptable food consumption score. Less severe food based coping strategies are likely to be employed by households with a significant reduction in the proportion of households employing stressed food based coping strategies. Nutritional status of children is expected to remain stable given the availability of milk at household level and continued integrated health outreach services. No food security related mortalities are expected between September and November. There is no likely change expected in the phase classification for the scenario period. 5.3. Food Security Outlook for November to January, 2019 Food security situation over the period December to February, is projected to remain stable but on a declining trend with minimal food deficits. Even though rangeland and body conditions are expected to be normal following the short rains, food security outcome indicators are expected to decline. Food consumption gaps are likely to be experienced with a good proportion of households moving from acceptable food consumption score to borderline food consumption score due to diminishing household stocks and reduced milk availability. Households are expected to employ moderate or insurance food based coping strategies like reducing the number of meals consumed a day or the portion of meal sizes. Nutritional status for children under five years is anticipated to remain stable due continued integrated outreach programmes. The phase classification for the county is expected to remain stressed for the pastoral livelihood zone and minimal for all other livelihood zones. 6. CONCLUSIONS AND INTERVENTIONS 6.1. Conclusion 6.1.1. Phase Classification The food security phase classification for the county is minimal (IPC Phase 1) for mixed farming, agro-pastoral and irrigated cropping livelihood zones and stressed (IPC Phase 2) for the pastoral all species livelihood zone. 6.1.2. Summary of Findings There has been an improvement in food consumption scores; with majority of the population moving from poor and borderline to acceptable food consumption score in 2018 compared to the same season last year. The mean food consumption score in the county is 65. 91 percent of households having acceptable food consumption score, eight percent having borderline and one percent having poor food consumption scores. The proportion of households within the borderline food consumption score was 23.3 percent and 31.7 percent in pastoral and Agro- Pastoral livelihood zones respectively. The mean reduced coping strategy index is 14.1 with female having a mean of 17.5 while male have a mean coping strategy of 12.6. Only 1.5 percent of the population are not employing any coping strategy. 24.4 percent of the households reduced quantity of food consumed by adultsmothers to ensure that children had enough to eat; 20.5 percent reduced the portion size of meals; 18.1 percent reduced number of meals per day; 16.8 percent borrowed food or relied from friends or relatives; and 16.5 percent relied on less preferred andor less expensive food. The GAM prevalence rate for the county based on the weighted average was 6.9 percent with Tiaty Sub County recording GAM prevalence rate of 16.8 percent compared to 25.2 percent recorded same period last year. The proportion of children below five years who are at risk of malnutrition decreased from 14.9 percent in June to 12.9 percent in July 2018 which is below 13.5 percent recorded in July, 2017. 6.1.3. Sub-County Ranking Table 17: Ranking of Sub-County in order of Food insecurity Severity Sub-County Sub-County Ranking Current main food security threats (1Most food insecure, 4Least food insecure) Tiaty 1 High malnutrition rates, Poor accessibility of roads, reported cases of livestock deaths, poor quality water, floods, high temperatures Baringo South 2 Insecurity fears, Upsurge of IDPs, Floods, closure of schools due to insecurity and floods, closure of health centres, outbreak of Rift Valley Fever Baringo North 3 LSD in Barwessa, Poor infrastructure, floods, markets closure in Barwessa ward, high temperatures, Mogotio 4 Floods, Fall Army Worm, Livestock diseases, Blue Tongue, fast depletion of water sources, high food prices, human diseases Baringo Central 5 Landslides, flooding in the lowlands, high food prices, Eldama Ravine 6 Fall Army Worm, Livestock Diseases (Blue Tongue) 6.2. Ongoing Interventions 5.2.1 Food Interventions Home Grown School Feeding programmes covering 71,917 pupils in 336 primary schools. 5.2.2 Non-Food Interventions Provision of air tight Reduction on All wards Ksh. 1.3 Schools-12 2017-2018 BCG Post-harvest devices post-harvest million Individuals Department of losses -300 Agriculture Provision of relief Improved 10 wards Ksh. 2,310 2017-2018 BCG inputs (Planting seeds, production and 1,000,000 Department of Land preparation and productivity Agriculture Fertilizer) Control of FAW Reduce the All wards Ksh. 20,000 2017-2018 BCG through sensitization attack of Maize 1,100,000 Department of and supply of chemical crop Agriculture Disease control Reduced Baringo Ksh. All February to BCG and (Vaccinations and incidences of Central, 2,700,000 livestock December Department of vector control) livestock South, farmers Livestock diseases leading North, to improved Mogotio livestock body condition Feeds provision; Hay Increase Baringo Ksh. 20,000 Feb 2017-June MOALF, and Range cubes chances of South, 20,000,000 Livestock 2018 BCG livestock Baringo (TLUs) NDMA survival during North, drought period Tiaty Disease surveillance on Ensure proper All Sub Ksh. 100,000 Feb 2017-June BCG(MOALF RVF and other diseases monitoring of Counties 50,000 TLUs 2018 ) disease incidences for proper interventions Capacity building of Well Infirmed All Sub Ksh. 200 Throughout BCG(MOALF Farmers (Normal staff and Counties 5,000,000 ) Extension and Pastoral farmers for best Partners Field School Concept) practices Water trucking Improve water Whole Ksh. 8 On going BCG, NG, access County 500,000 Institutions BHs rehabilitation Improve water Whole Ksh. 200 On going BCG, NG, access County 10,000,000 households RCS, Capacity building on Capacity Whole Ksh. 2 Sub On going RCS, WV, water management and strengthening on County 600,000 counties UNCEF catchment protection water resource management Construction of New Improve water Whole Ksh. 1,560 1year BCG, NG, water Projects access County 46,000,000 households RCS, WV Vitamin A To improve the All health Ksh 70,000 Routine MOH Supplementation Micronutrient facilities, 1,850,000 household supported by status of the selected s UNICEF, community- ECD WVK Zinc Supplementation To improve the All health Ksh. 32,000 Routine County Micronutrient facilities 2,000,000 household department of status of the s health community- security Management of Acute To 100 health Ksh. 1,500 Routine County Malnutrition (IMAM) improveadjust facilities 20,000000 household department of the Nutrient s health status of the Surge at 6 supported by affected health National community. facilities in government, East Pokot UNICEF, WVK and IYCN Interventions To lower All health Ksh. 20,000 Routine County (EBF and Timely Intro morbidity and facilities 1,000,000 household Department of of complementary mortalities and s Health Foods) hence community improving food units Iron Folate To improve the All health Ksh. Ksh. 21,000 Routine County Supplementation Micronutrient facilities 2,450,000 household Department of among Pregnant status of the ANC s Health Women community- supported by Deworming To enhance All health Ksh. 21,000 Routine County children facilities 1,000,000 children department of participation ANC health and growth supported by UNICEF Food Fortification To improve the All health Ksh. 31,000 Routine County (MNPS-micronutrient Micronutrient facilities 700,000 household department of powder status of the ANC s health supplementation. community- supported by SMP To increase All sub 336 Continuous M.O.EWFP access and counties schools retention of learners 71,937 pupils Supply of water storage To increase Baringo One One year UNICEF tanks access and Central secondary retention of school learners, and with 102 Supply of water To improve Baringo One One year UNICEF safeguards access to clean Central secondary water school with 170 6.3. Recommended Interventions 6.3.1. Food Interventions Following the assessment of the long rains on the impact on various sectors, the team recommended reduction in the population in need of immediate food aid in the county as shown in Table 18 below. Table 18: Population in need of Food Assistance SNo. Sub-County Population in need Proposed mode of ( range min max) intervention 1 Tiaty 15-20 CFA 2. Baringo South 10-15 CFA 3. Baringo North 10-15 CFA 4. Mogotio 5-10 CFA 5 Baringo central 1-5 CFA 6 Eldama Ravine 1-5 CFA 6.3.2. Non-Food Interventions ALL Development of All 111,000 County Ksh. 5M Human 2018-2019 strategy for the households Government , resources Department Development Developme partners nt documents including CIDP, Manifesto ALL Capacity building of All 50 staff Department of Ksh. 2M Staff Immediately staff on FAW control Agriculture and and provision of stakeholders ALL Increase in provision All 8,000 MOALF Ksh. 3M Technical 1 year of farm inputs to households personnel Jan. Nov. farmers (seed, to train 2018 planting and top farmers dressing fertilizers) ALL Water Harvesting for All 10,000 MOALF , Ksh. Technical 2018-2022 household food households WORLD 15M personnel security- Farm ponds VISION and equipping NDMA, CIM, existing ones and ACTION AID, irrigation schemes ADS ALL Post Harvest All 20,000 MOALF and Ksh. 1M Technical One year technologies households stakeholders staff promotion Baringo Livestock off- All 1,500 BCG(MOALF) Ksh. Technical August, North take(Market households ,Nat. 20M officers 2018-Dec, Tiaty SupportCess) Govt.(KLMC) 2018 Baringo - NDMA South All Sub Disease control(Rift All RVF- BCG, National Ksh. 9M Technical Feb, 2018- counites Valley Fever, areas(Blue 60,000 government officers Mar, 2018 Blue Tongue and tongue) Blue and Lumpy skin disease) RVF Tongue- Development Disease surveillance (Marigat, 150,000 partners Mogotio, FMD- and All 50,000 areas(FMD), (Barwessa) Baringo Provision of pasture All Wards 2,000 MOALF(BLRP Ksh.10 Land August North seeds households ) M 2018-Sept Tiaty BCG 2018 Baringo RPLRP South NDMA(EU) Mogotio Partners Baringo Establishment of 3 in Tiaty, 2 41,500 MOALF 54M Technical Aug 2018- North strategic livestock in Baringo households BCG officers Dec,2018 Tiaty feed reserves; 3 in North 2 in NDMA(EU) Baringo Tiaty, 2 in Baringo Baringo Partners South North 2 in Baringo south and 1 Mogotio south and 1 in in Mogotio All Sub Rehabilitation All Sub 1,850 BCG, NG, Ksh. Technical 1-3 months Counties Servicing of pumping Counties households RCS, WV, 10M officers units UNCEF, All Sub Roof Water All Sub 120 BCG, NG, Ksh. 3M - 1-3 months Counties harvesting structures Counties Institutions RCS, WV, UNCEF, All Sub Stock piling of Fast 4 Sub 20 BCG, NG, Ksh. 1-3 months Counties Moving Spares counties community RCS, WV, 10M water UNCEF, supplies. NDMA All Sub Water Bowzer All Sub 4 Sub BCG, NG, RCS Ksh. 1M 1-3 months Counties servicing and repairs Counties counties including Motor vehicle tyres provision All Sub Capacity building on All Sub All BCG, NG, Ksh. 1M 1-3 months Counties WASH Water Counties RCS, WV, Management and UNCEF, Catchment protection ACTED, ACTION AID, All Sub Drilling and Across the All BCG, NG, Ksh. 1-5 years Counties Equipping of County RCS, WV, 40M strategic BHs along UNCEF, migratory routes and NDMA settlement areas All Sub Construction and Across the All BCG, NG, Ksh. 1-5 years Counties Rehabilitation of County RCS, WV, 20M potential Low Cost UNCEF, Water Supplies NDMA, CIM, All Sub Construction of four Across the All BCG, NG, 20M 1-5 years Counties (4) earth dams for County RCS, WV, domestic and UNCEF, irrigation water use NDMA All Sub Capacity building on Across the All BCG, NG, Ksh. 5M 1-5 years Counties Wash Water County RCS, WV, managementResourc UNCEF, es Mobilization NDMA, CIM, Conflict resolution WFP and management and Catchment protection County Map hot sport Most 102492 WVK 0.6M August to wide affected area MOH Dec 2018 East Pokot Scale up IMAM Hot spots 4811 WVK, MOH 0.6M August - Surge December County Nutrition 45 hotspots 27,000 AFYA UZAZI 2M 3 months wide Surveillance MOH, WVK County Health and Nutrition County wide 10,000 MOH 2M 3 months wide education at UNICEF Community level AFYA UZAZI All Vitamin A County wide 107,492 MOH, WVK Ksh. August - All Zinc County wide 132,000 Health Services Ksh. December Supplementation 4.5M 2018 All Management of County wide 7,362 MOH, Ksh. August - Acute Malnutrition WVKUNICEF 4.5M December (IMAM) and WPP 2018 All MIYCN E County wide 105,321 MOH, WVK Ksh. Interventions (EBF 4.5M and Timely Intro of complementary Foods) All Iron Folate County wide 26,596 MOH, WVK Ksh. August - among Pregnant 2018 Women All SMART Survey Countywide Ksh. December - 10M Jan, 2019 All Deworming County wide 107,492 MOH, WVK Ksh. Sept.2018-r 4.5M 2018 Baringo IGAS Educational Salawa zone 1,900 MOA, 1M BOM, Long Term Central learning Activities Livestock, Parents 5 years Fisheries , Labour Irrigation, MOE Baringo Green house Kabasis and 800 MOA,MOE, 0.5M Land 5 years Central Timboiywo BOM, ENV. Labour primary Technical skill Baringo Environmental Tenges 600 MENR 0.2M Land 5 years Central Conservation BPrimary Labour School Technical Skill