App: CardioVascularSimulationApp
Developer: Neuromon BV
Genres: Education, Medical

This app is a computer simulation of the cardiovascular system. It simulates both the systemic and the small circulation.
It is in close agreement with modern views on cardiovascular physiology but in addition includes two mechanisms postulated in recent years:
1. the theory of arterial acceleration that proposes that conducting arteries actively support the pressure wave from the heart, and
2. the hypothetical working of the CNS ischemic response on venous capacitance vessels, modulating the amount of venous back flow to the heart and, thereby, cardiac output.

The simultaneous effects of cardiovascular reflexes and arterial acceleration in relation with CO2 production in tissue and CO2 removal in the lungs simulated in this model provide a better understanding of their complex interplay and how this leads to specific changes in waveform morphology, arterial blood pressure and middle cerebral artery flow velocity. Furthermore, the model predicts how hemodynamic changes express themselves via a number of well known parameters for hemodynamic monitoring.
Finally, a variety of scenarios and therapies have been implemented for demonstrating their effect on intracranial hemodynamics.

Release notes:
In version 1.7 several improvements have been made to the model display (removing ragged edges), to the reflexes (in agreement with recent experimental data on CO2 reactivity) and a time graph of cardiac output was added. Several minor errors have been resolved.