Aviation and Transportation Security Act
PL 107-71 (S.1447), enacted 11/19/2001

PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 597 
Public Law 107-71 
107th Congress 
An Act 
To improve aviation seciirity, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
Nov. 19, 2001 
[S. 1447] 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
Aviation and 
Transportation 
Security Act. 
This Act may be cited as the "Aviation and Transportation note. 
Security Act". 
TITLE I—AVIATION SECURITY 
SEC. 101. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"§ 114. Transportation Security Administration 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—The Transportation Security Administration 
shall be an administration of the Department of Transportation. 
"(b) UNDER SECRETARY.— 
"(1) APPOINTMENT.—The head of the Administration shall 
be the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security. The 
Under Secretary shall be appointed by the President, by and 
with the advice and consent of the Senate. 
"(2) QUALIFICATIONS.—The Under Secretary must— 
"(A) be a citizen of the United States; and 
"(B) have experience in a field directly related to 
transportation or security. 
"(3) TERM.—The term of office of an individual appointed 
as the Under Secretary shall be 5 years. 
"(c) LIMITATION ON OWNERSHIP OF STOCKS AND BONDS.—The 
Under Secretary may not own stock in or bonds of a transportation 
or security enterprise or an enterprise that makes equipment that 
could be used for security purposes. 
"(d) FUNCTIONS.—The Under Secretary shall be responsible for 
security in all modes of transportation, including— 
"(1) carrying out chapter 449, relating to civil aviation 
security, and related research and development activities; and 
"(2) security responsibilities over other modes of transpor-
tation that are exercised by the Department of Transportation. 
"(e) SCREENING OPERATIONS.—The Under Secretary shall— 
"(1) be responsible for day-to-day Federal security screening 
operations for passenger air transportation and intrastate air 
transportation under sections 44901 and 44935; 
115 STAT. 598 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
"(2) develop standards for the hiring and retention of secu-
rity screening personnel; 
"(3) train and test security screening personnel; and 
"(4) be responsible for hiring and training personnel to 
provide security screening at all airports in the United States 
where screening is required under section 44901, in consulta-
tion with the Secretary of Transportation and the heads of 
other appropriate Federal agencies and departments. 
"(f) ADDITIONAL DUTIES AND POWERS.—In addition to carrying 
out the functions specified in subsections (d) and (e), the Under 
Secretary shall— 
"(1) receive, assess, and distribute intelligence information 
related to transportation security; 
"(2) assess threats to transportation; 
"(3) develop policies, strategies, and plans for dealing with 
threats to transportation security; 
"(4) make other plans related to transportation security, 
including 
coordinating 
countermeasures 
with 
appropriate 
departments, agencies, and instrumentalities of the United 
States Government; 
"(5) serve as the primary liaison for transportation security 
to the intelligence and law enforcement communities; 
"(6) on a day-to-day basis, manage and provide operational 
guidance to the field security resources of the Administration, 
including Federal Security Managers as provided by section 
44933; 
"(7) enforce security-related regulations and requirements; 
"(8) identify and undertake research and development 
activities necessary to enhance transportation security; 
"(9) inspect, maintain, and test security facilities, equip-
ment, and systems; 
"(10) ensure the adequacy of security measures for the 
transportation of cargo; 
"(11) oversee the implementation, and ensure the adequacy, 
of security measures at airports and other transportation facili-
ties; 
"(12) require background checks for airport 
security 
screening personnel, individuals with access to secure areas 
of airports, and other transportation security personnel; 
"(13) work in conjunction with the Administrator of the 
Federal Aviation Administration with respect to any actions 
or activities that may affect aviation safety or air carrier oper-
ations; 
"(14) work with the International Civil Aviation Organiza-
tion and appropriate aeronautic authorities of foreign govern-
ments under section 44907 to address security concerns on 
passenger flights by foreign air carriers in foreign air transpor-
tation; and 
"(15) carry out such other duties, and exercise such other 
powers, relating to transportation security as the Under Sec-
retary considers appropriate, to the extent authorized by law, 
"(g) NATIONAL EMERGENCY RESPONSIBILITIES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to the direction and control of 
the Secretary, the Under Secretary, during a national emer-
gency, shall have the following responsibilities: 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 599 
"(A) To coordinate domestic transportation, including 
aviation, rail, and other surface transportation, and mari-
time transportation (including port security). 
"(B) To coordinate and oversee the transportation-
related responsibilities of other departments and agencies 
of the Federal Government other than the Department 
of Defense and the military departments. 
"(C) To coordinate and provide notice to other depart-
ments and agencies of the Federal Government, and appro-
priate agencies of State and local governments, including 
departments and agencies for transportation, law enforce-
ment, and border control, about threats to transportation. 
"(D) To carry out such other duties, and exercise such 
other powers, relating to transportation during a national 
emergency as the Secretary shall prescribe. 
"(2) AUTHORITY OF OTHER DEPARTMENTS AND AGENCIES.— 
The authority of the Under Secretary under this subsection 
shall not supersede the authority of any other department 
or agency of the Federal Government under law with respect 
to transportation or transportation-related matters, whether 
or not during a national emergency. 
"(3) CIRCUMSTANCES.—^The Secretary shall prescribe the 
circumstances constituting a national emergency for purposes 
of this subsection. 
"(h) MANAGEMENT OF SECURITY INFORMATION.—In consultation 
with the Transportation Security Oversight Board, the Under Sec-
retary shall— 
"(1) enter into memoranda of understanding with Federal 
agencies or other entities to share or otherwise cross-check 
as necessary data on individuals identified on Federal agency 
databases who may pose a risk to transportation or national 
security; 
"(2) establish procedures for notifying the Administrator 
of the Federal Aviation Administration, appropriate State and 
local law enforcement officials, and airport or airline security 
officers of the identity of individuals known to pose, or sus-
pected of posing, a risk of air piracy or terrorism or a threat 
to airline or passenger safety; 
"(3) in consultation with other appropriate Federal agencies 
and air carriers, establish policies and procedures requiring 
air carriers— 
"(A) to use information from government agencies to 
identify individuals on passenger lists who may be a threat 
to civil aviation or national security; and 
"(B) if such an individual is identified, notify appro-
priate law enforcement agencies, prevent the individual 
from boarding an aircraft, or take other appropriate action 
with respect to that individual; and 
"(4) consider requiring passenger air carriers to share pas-
senger lists with appropriate Federal agencies for the purpose 
of identifying individuals who may pose a threat to aviation 
safety or national security. 
"(i) VIEW OF NTSB.—In taking any action under this section 
that could affect safety, the Under Secretary shall give great weight 
to the timely views of the National Transportation Safety Board. 
"(j) ACQUISITIONS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary is authorized— 
115 STAT. 600 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
"(A) to acquire (by purchase, lease, condemnation, or 
otherwise) such real property, or any interest therein, 
within and outside the continental United States, as the 
Under Secretary considers necessary; 
"(B) to acquire (by purchase, lease, condemnation, or 
otherwise) and to construct, repair, operate, and maintain 
such personal property (including office space and patents), 
or any interest therein, within and outside the continental 
United States, as the Under Secretary considers necessary; 
"(C) to lease to others such real and personal property 
and to provide by contract or otherwise for necessary facili-
ties for the welfare of its employees and to acquire, main-
tain, and operate equipment for these facilities; 
"(D) to acquire services, including such personal serv-
ices as the Secretary determines necessary, and to acquire 
(by purchase, lease, condemnation, or otherwise) and to 
construct, repair, operate, and maintain research and 
testing sites and facilities; and 
"(E) in cooperation with the Administrator of the Fed-
eral Aviation Administration, to utilize the research and 
development facilities of the Federal Aviation Administra-
tion. 
"(2) TITLE.—Title to any property or interest therein 
acquired pursuant to this subsection shall be held by the 
Government of the United States. 
"(k) TRANSFERS OF FUNDS.—The Under Secretary is authorized 
to accept transfers of unobligated balances and unexpended bal-
ances of funds appropriated to other Federal agencies (as such 
term is defined in section 551(1) of title 5) to carry out functions 
transferred, on or after the date of enactment of the Aviation 
and Transportation Security Act, by law to the Under Secretary. 
"(1) REGULATIONS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary is authorized to 
issue, rescind, and revise such regulations as are necessary 
to carry out the functions of the Administration. 
"(2) EMERGENCY PROCEDURES.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law or executive order (including an executive order 
requiring a cost-benefit analysis), if the Under Secretary 
determines that a regulation or security directive must 
be issued immediately in order to protect transportation 
security, the Under Secretary shall issue the regulation 
or security directive without providing notice or an oppor-
tunity for comment and without prior approval of the Sec-
retary. 
"(B) REVIEW BY TRANSPORTATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT 
BOARD.—^Any regulation or security directive issued under 
this paragraph shall be subject to review by the Transpor-
tation Security Oversight Board established under section 
115. Any regulation or security directive issued under this 
paragraph shall remain effective unless disapproved by 
the Board or rescinded by the Under Secretary. 
"(3) FACTORS TO CONSIDER.—In determining whether to 
issue, rescind, or revise a regulation under this section, the 
Under Secretary shall consider, as a factor in the final deter-
mination, whether the costs of the regulation are excessive 
in relation to the enhancement of security the regulation will 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 601 
provide. The Under Secretary may waive requirements for an 
analysis that estimates the number of Hves that will be saved 
by the regulation and the monetary value of such lives if 
the Under Secretary determines that it is not feasible to make 
such an estimate. 
"(4) AIRWORTHINESS OBJECTIONS BY FAA.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—^The Under Secretary shall not take 
an aviation security action under this title if the Adminis-
trator of the Federal Aviation Administration notifies the 
Under Secretary that the action could adversely affect the 
airworthiness of an aircraft. 
"(B) 
REVIEW 
BY 
SECRETARY.—Notwithstanding 
subparagraph (A), the Under Secretary may take such 
an action, after receiving a notification concerning the 
action from the Administrator under subparagraph (A), 
if the Secretary of Transportation subsequently approves 
the action. 
"(m) PERSONNEL AND SERVICES; COOPERATION BY UNDER SEC-
RETARY.— 
"(1) AUTHORITY OF UNDER SECRETARY.—In carrying out the 
functions of the Administration, the Under Secretary shall have 
the same authority as is provided to the Administrator of 
the Federal Aviation Administration under subsections (1) and 
(m) of section 106. 
"(2) AUTHORITY OF AGENCY HEADS.—The head of a Federal 
agency shall have the same authority to provide services, sup-
plies, equipment, personnel, and facilities to the Under Sec-
retary as the head has to provide services, supplies, equipment, 
personnel, and facilities to the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration under section 106(m). 
"(n) 
PERSONNEL 
MANAGEMENT 
SYSTEM.—The 
personnel 
management system established by the Administrator of the Fed-
eral Aviation Administration under section 40122 shall apply to 
employees of the Transportation Security Administration, or, subject 
to the requirements of such section, the Under Secretary may 
make such modifications to the personnel management system with 
respect to such employees as the Under Secretary considers appro-
priate, such as adopting aspects of other personnel systems of 
the Department of Transportation. 
"(o) 
ACQUISITION 
MANAGEMENT 
SYSTEM.—The 
acquisition 
management system established by the Administrator of the Fed-
eral Aviation Administration under section 40110 shall apply to 
acquisitions of equipment, supplies, and materials by the Transpor-
tation Security Administration, or, subject to the requirements of 
such section, the Under Secretary may make such modifications 
to the acquisition management system with respect to such acquisi-
tions of equipment, supplies, and materials as the Under Secretary 
considers appropriate, such as adopting aspects of other acquisition 
management systems of the Department of Transportation. 
"(p) AUTHORITY OF INSPECTOR GENERAL.—The Transportation 
Security Administration shall be subject to the Inspector General 
Act of 1978 (5 U.S.C. App.) and other laws relating to the authority 
of the Inspector General of the Department of Transportation. 
"(q) LAW ENFORCEMENT POWERS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary may designate an 
employee of the Transportation Security Administration to 
serve as a law enforcement officer. 
115 STAT. 602 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
"(2) POWERS.—While engaged in official duties of the 
Administration as required to fulfill the responsibilities under 
this section, a law enforcement officer designated under para-
graph (1) may— 
"(A) carry a firearm; 
"(B) make an arrest without a warrant for any offense 
against the United States committed in the presence of 
the officer, or for any felony cognizable under the laws 
of the United States if the officer has probable cause to 
believe that the person to be arrested has committed or 
is committing the felony; and 
"(C) seek and execute warrants for arrest or seizure 
of evidence issued under the authority of the United States 
upon probable cause that a violation has been committed. 
"(3) 
GUIDELINES 
ON 
EXERCISE 
OF 
AUTHORITY.—The 
authority provided by this subsection shall be exercised in 
accordance with guidelines prescribed by the Under Secretary, 
in consultation with the Attorney General of the United States, 
and shall include adherence to the Attorney General's policy 
on use of deadly force. 
"(4) 
REVOCATION OR SUSPENSION OF AUTHORITY.—The 
powers authorized by this subsection may be rescinded or sus-
pended should the Attorney General determine that the Under 
Secretary has not complied with the guidelines prescribed in 
paragraph (3) and conveys the determination in writing to 
the Secretary of Transportation and the Under Secretary. 
"(r) AUTHORITY TO EXEMPT.—The Under Secretary may grant 
an exemption from a regulation prescribed in carrying out this 
section if the Under Secretary determines that the exemption is 
in the public interest.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for chapter 1 of 
such title is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"114. Transportation Security Administration.". 
(c) POSITION OF UNDER SECRETARY IN EXECUTIVE SCHEDULE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 5313 of title 5, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security.". 
5 use 5313 note. 
(2) BONUS ELIGIBILITY.—In addition to the annual rate 
of pay authorized by section 5313 of title 5, United States 
Code, the Under Secretary may receive a bonus for any calendar 
year not to exceed 30 percent of the annual rate of pay, based 
on the Secretary's evaluation of the Under Secretary's perform-
ance. 
(3) CONFORMING CHANGE.—Section 106(r)(2)(A) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended to read as follows: 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The Chief Operating Officer shall 
be paid at an annual rate of basic pay to be determined 
by the Administrator, with the approval of the Air Traffic 
Services Subcommittee of the Aviation 
Management 
Advisory Council. The annual rate may not exceed the 
annual compensation paid under section 102 of title 3. 
The Chief Operating Officer shall be subject to the post-
employment provisions of section 207 of title 18 as if the 
position of Chief Operating Officer were described in section 
207(c)(2)(A)(i) of that title.". 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 603 
(d) COOPERATION WITH OTHER AGENCIES.—The last sentence 
of section 106(m) of such title is amended by striking "supplies 
and" and inserting "supplies, personnel, services, and". 
(e) SECURITY AND RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES.— 
Section 40119 of such title is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by striking "Administrator of the Fed-
eral Aviation Administration" and inserting "Under Secretary 
of Transportation for Securit/'; 
(2) in subsections (b) and (c) by striking "Administrator" 
each place it appears and inserting "Under Secretary"; and 
(3) in subsection (b)(1)(C) by striking "air". 
(f) REFERENCES TO F A A IN CHAPTER 449.—Chapter 449 of 
such title is amended— 
(1) in section 44904(b)(5) by striking "the Administration" 
and inserting "the Transportation Security Administration"; 
(2) in the second sentence of section 44913(a)(1) by striking 
"of the Administration" and inserting "of the Transportation 
Security Administration"; 
(3) in section 44916(a)— 
(A) in the first sentence by striking "Administrator" 
and inserting "Under Secretary of Transportation for Secu-
rity"; and 
(B) in the second sentence by striking "Administration" 
and inserting 'Transportation Security Administration"; 
(4) in each of sections 44933(a) and 44934(b) by striking 
"Assistant Administrator for Civil Aviation Security" and 
inserting "Under Secretary'; 
(5) in section 44934(b)(1) by striking "Assistant Adminis-
trator" and inserting "Under Secretary"; 
(6) by striking sections 44931 and 44932 and the items 
relating to such sections in the analysis for such chapter; 
(7) by striking "Administrator^' each place it appears in 
such chapter (except in subsections (f) and (h) of section 44936) 
and inserting "Under Secretar}^'; 
(8) by striking "Administrator's" each place it appears in 
such chapter and inserting "Under Secretary's"; and 
(9) by striking "of the Federal Aviation Administration" 
each place it appears in such chapter (except in section 44936(f)) 
and inserting "of Transportation for Securit}^'. 
(g) TRANSITION PROVISIONS.— 
(1) SCHEDULE FOR ASSUMPTION OF CIVIL AVIATION SECURITY 
FUNCTIONS.—^Not later than 3 months after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security shall assume civil aviation security functions and 
responsibilities under chapter 449 of title 49, United States 
Code, as amended by this Act, in accordance with a schedule 
to be developed by the Secretary of Transportation, in consulta-
tion with air carriers, foreign air carriers, and the Adminis-
trator of the Federal Aviation Administration. The Under Sec-
retary shall publish an appropriate notice of the transfer of 
such security functions and responsibilities before assuming 
the functions and responsibilities. 
(2) ASSUMPTION OF CONTRACTS.—AS of the date specified 
in paragraph (1), the Under Secretary may assume the rights 
and responsibilities of an air carrier or foreign air carrier 
contract for provision of passenger screening services at airports 
in the United States described in section 44903(c), subject to 
49 use 
44901-44906, 
44911-44916, 
44934-44938. 
49 u s e 44903. 
49 use 
44902-44906, 
44911-44915, 
44934-44938. 
49 u s e 44901 
note. 
Deadline. 
Notice. 
115 STAT. 604 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
payment of adequate compensation to parties to the contract, 
if any. 
(3) ASSIGNMENT OF CONTRACTS.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—^Upon request of the Under Secretary, 
an air carrier or foreign air carrier carrying out a screening 
or security function under chapter 449 of title 49, United 
States Code, may enter into an agreement with the Under 
Secretary to transfer any contract the carrier has entered 
into with respect to carrying out the function, before the 
Under Secretary assumes responsibiUty for the function. 
(B) SCHEDULE.—The Under Secretary may enter into 
an agreement under subparagraph (A) as soon as possible, 
but not later than 90 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act. The Under Secretary may enter into such 
an agreement for one 180-day period and may extend such 
agreement for one 90-day period if the Under Secretary 
determines it necessary. 
(4) 
TRANSFER 
OF 
OWNERSHIP.—In recognition of the 
assumption of the financial costs of security screening of pas-
sengers and property at airports, and as soon as practical 
after the date of enactment of this Act, air carriers may enter 
into agreements with the Under Secretary to transfer the 
ownership, at no cost to the United States Government, of 
any personal property, equipment, supplies, or other material 
associated with such screening, regardless of the source of 
funds used to acquire the property, that the Secretary deter-
mines to be useful for the performance of security screening 
of passengers and property at airports. 
(5) 
PERFORMANCE OF 
UNDER 
SECRETARY'S FUNCTIONS 
DURING INTERIM PERIOD.—^Until the Under Secretary takes 
office, the functions of the Under Secretary that relate to avia-
tion security may be carried out by the Secretary or the Sec-
retary's designee. 
SEC. 102. TRANSPORTATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT BOARD. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 1 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"§ 115. Transportation Security Oversight Board 
Establishment. 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—There is established in the Department of 
Transportation a board to be known as the 'Transportation Security 
Oversight Board'. 
"(b) MEMBERSHIP.— 
"(1) NUMBER AND APPOINTMENT.—The Board shall be com-
posed of 7 members as follows: 
"(A) The Secretary of Transportation, or the Secretary's 
designee. 
"(B) The Attorney General, or the Attorney General's 
designee. 
"(C) The Secretary of Defense, or the Secretary's des-
ignee. 
"(D) The Secretary of the Treasury, or the Secretary's 
designee. 
"(E) The Director of the Central Intelligence Agency, 
or the Director's designee. 
"(F) One member appointed by the President to rep-
resent the National Security Council. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 605 
"(G) One member appointed by the President to rep-
resent the Office of Homeland Security. 
"(2) CHAIRPERSON.—The Chairperson of the Board shall 
be the Secretary of Transportation. 
"(c) DUTIES.—The Board shall— 
"(1) review and ratify or disapprove any regulation or secu-
rity directive issued by the Under Secretary of Transportation 
for security under section 114(1)(2) within 30 days after the 
date of issuance of such regulation or directive; 
"(2) facilitate the coordination of intelligence, security, and 
law enforcement activities affecting transportation; 
"(3) facilitate the sharing of intelligence, security, and law 
enforcement information affecting transportation among Fed-
eral agencies and with carriers and other transportation pro-
viders as appropriate; 
"(4) explore the technical feasibility of developing a common 
database of individuals who may pose a threat to transportation 
or national security; 
"(5) review plans for transportation security; 
"(6) make recommendations to the Under 
Secretary 
regarding matters reviewed under paragraph (5). 
"(d) QUARTERLY MEETINGS.—The Board shall meet at least 
quarterly. 
"(e) CONSIDERATION OF SECURITY INFORMATION.—^A majority 
of the Board may vote to close a meeting of the Board to the 
public, except that meetings shall be closed to the public whenever 
classified, sensitive security information, or information protected 
in accordance with section 40119(b), will be discussed.". 
(b) POLICIES AND PROCEDURES.—Section 44911(b) of such title 
is amended by striking "international". 
(c) STRATEGIC PLANNING.—Section 44911(c) of such title is 
amended by striking "consider placing" and inserting "place". 
(d) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for chapter 1 of 
such title is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"115. Transportation Security Oversight Board.". 
SEC. 103. FEDERAL SECURITY MANAGERS. 
Section 44933 of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
to read as follows: 
*
*
§ 44933. Federal Security Managers 
"(a) 
ESTABLISHMENT, 
DESIGNATION, AND STATIONING.—^The 
Under Secretary of Transportation for Security shall establish the 
position of Federal Security Manager at each airport in the United 
States described in section 44903(c). The Under Secretary shall 
designate individuals as Managers for, and station those Managers 
at, those airports. 
"(b) DUTIES AND POWERS.—The Manager at each airport shall— 
"(1) oversee the screening of passengers and property at 
the airport; and 
"(2) carry out other duties prescribed by the Under Sec-
retary.". 
SEC. 104. IMPROVED FLIGHT DECK INTEGRITY MEASURES. 
49 USC 44903 
(a) IN GENERAL.—As soon as possible after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration shall— 
115 STAT. 606 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
(1) issue an order (without regard to the provisions of 
chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code)— 
(A) prohibiting access to the flight deck of aircraft 
engaged in passenger air transportation or intrastate air 
transportation that are required to have a door between 
the passenger and pilot compartments under title 14, Code 
of Federal Regulations, except to authorized persons; 
(B) requiring the strengthening of the flight deck door 
and locks on any such aircraft operating in air transpor-
tation or intrastate air transportation that has a rigid 
door in a bulkhead between the flight deck and the pas-
senger area to ensure that the door cannot be forced open 
from the passenger compartment; 
(C) requiring that such flight deck doors remain locked 
while any such aircraft is in flight except when necessary 
to permit access and egress by authorized persons; and 
(D) prohibiting the possession of a key to any such 
flight deck door by any member of the flight crew who 
is not assigned to the flight deck; and 
(2) take such other action, including modification of safety 
and security procedures and flight deck redesign, as may be 
necessary to ensure the safety and security of the aircraft. 
(b) IMPLEMENTATION OF OTHER METHODS.—^As soon as possible 
after such date of enactment, the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration may develop and implement methods— 
(1) to use video monitors or other devices to alert pilots 
in the flight deck to activity in the cabin, except that the 
use of such monitors or devices shall be subject to nondisclosure 
requirements applicable to cockpit video recordings under sec-
tion 1114(c); 
(2) to ensure continuous operation of an aircraft trans-
ponder in the event of an emergency; and 
(3) to revise the procedures by which cabin crews of aircraft 
can notify flight deck crews of security breaches and other 
emergencies, including providing for the installation of switches 
or other devices or methods in an aircraft cabin to enable 
flight crews to discreetly notify the pilots in the case of a 
security breach occurring in the cabin. 
(c) COMMUTER AIRCRAFT.—The Administrator shall investigate 
means of securing the flight deck of scheduled passenger aircraft 
operating in air transportation or intrastate air transportation that 
do not have a rigid fixed door with a lock between the passenger 
compartment and the flight deck and issue such an order as the 
Administrator deems appropriate to ensure the inaccessibility, to 
the greatest extent feasible, of the flight deck while the aircraft 
is so operating, taking into consideration such aircraft operating 
in regions where there is minimal threat to aviation security or 
national security. 
SEC. 
1
0
5
. 
DEPLOYMENT 
OF 
FEDERAL 
AIR 
MARSHALS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 449 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"§ 44917. Deployment of Federal air marshals 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security under the authority provided by section 44903(d)— 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 607 
"(1) may provide for deployment of Federal air marshals 
on every passenger flight of air carriers in air transportation 
or intrastate air transportation; 
"(2) shall provide for deployment of Federal air marshals 
on every such flight determined by the Secretary to present 
high security risks; 
"(3) shall provide for appropriate training, supervision, and 
equipment of Federal air marshals; 
"(4) shall require air carriers providing flights described 
in paragraph (1) to provide seating for a Federal air marshal 
on any such flight without regard to the availability of seats 
on the flight and at no cost to the United States Government 
or the marshal; 
"(5) may require air carriers to provide, on a space-available 
basis, to an off-duty Federal air marshal a seat on a flight 
to the airport nearest the marshal's home at no cost to the 
marshal or the United States Government if the marshal is 
traveling to that airport after completing his or her security 
duties; 
"(6) may enter into agreements with Federal, State, and 
local agencies under which appropriately-trained law enforce-
ment personnel from such agencies, when traveling on a flight 
of an air carrier, will carry a firearm and be prepared to 
assist Federal air marshsds; 
"(7) shall establish procedures to ensure that Federal air 
marshals are made aware of any armed or unarmed law 
enforcement personnel on board an aircraft; and 
"(8) may appoint— 
"(A) an individual who is a retired law enforcement 
officer; 
"(B) an individual who is a retired member of the 
Armed Forces; and 
"(C) an individual who has been furloughed from an 
air carrier crew position in the 1-year period beginning 
on September 11, 2001, 
as a Federal air marshal, regardless of age, if the individual 
otherwise meets the background and fitness qualifications 
required for Federal air marshals. 
"(b) LONG DISTANCE FLIGHTS.—In making the determination 
under subsection (a)(2), nonstop, long distance flights, such as those 
targeted on September 11, 2001, should be a priority. 
"(c) INTERIM MEASURES.—Until the Under Secretary completes 
implementation of subsection (a), the Under Secretary may use, 
after consultation with and concurrence of the heads of other Fed-
eral agencies and departments, personnel from those agencies and 
departments, on a nonreimbursable basis, to provide air marshal 
service.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—^The analysis for chapter 449 
of such title is amended by adding after the item relating to section 
44916 the following: 
"44917. Deployment of Federal air marshals.". 
(c) BASIC PAY DEFINED.—Section 8331(3)(E) of title 5, United 
States Code, is amended to read as follows: 
"(E) availability pay— 
"(i) received by a criminal investigator under sec-
tion 5545a of this title; or 
115 STAT. 608 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
"(ii) received after September 11, 2001, by a Fed-
eral air marshal of the Department of Transportation, 
subject to all restrictions and earning limitations 
imposed on criminal 
investigators 
under 
section 
5545a;". 
SEC. 106. IMPROVED AIRPORT PERIMETER ACCESS SECURITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44903 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(h) IMPROVED AIRPORT PERIMETER ACCESS SECURITY.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary, in consultation 
with the airport operator and law enforcement authorities, 
may order the deployment of such personnel at any secure 
area of the airport as necessary to counter the risk of criminal 
violence, the risk of aircraft piracy at the airport, the risk 
to air carrier aircraft operations at the airport, or to meet 
national security concerns. 
"(2) SECURITY OF AIRCRAFT AND GROUND ACCESS TO SECURE 
AREAS.—In determining where to deploy such personnel, the 
Under Secretary shall consider the physical security needs of 
air traffic control facilities, parked aircraft, aircraft servicing 
equipment, 
aircraft 
supplies 
(including fuel), 
automobile 
parking facilities within airport perimeters or adjacent to 
secured facilities, and access and transition areas at airports 
served by other means of ground or water transportation. 
"(3) 
DEPLOYMENT OF FEDERAL LAW ENFORCEMENT PER-
SONNEL.—The Secretary may enter into a memorandum of 
understanding or other agreement with the Attorney.General 
or the head of any other appropriate Federal law enforcement 
agency to deploy Federal law enforcement personnel at an 
airport in order to meet aviation safety and security concerns. 
"(4) 
AIRPORT 
PERIMETER 
SCREENING.—The 
Under 
Secretary— 
"(A) shall require, as soon as practicable after the 
date of enactment of this subsection, screening or inspection 
of all individuals, goods, property, vehicles, and other equip-
ment before entry into a secured area of an airport in 
the United States described in section 44903(c); 
"(B) shall prescribe specific requirements for such 
screening and inspection that will assure at least the same 
level of protection as will result from screening of pas-
sengers and their baggage; 
"(C) shall establish procedures to ensure the safety 
and integrity of— 
"(i) all persons providing services with respect to 
aircraft providing passenger air transportation or 
intrastate air transportation and facilities of such per-
sons at an airport in the United States described in 
section 44903(c); 
"(ii) all supplies, including catering and passenger 
amenities, placed aboard such aircraft, including the 
sealing of supplies to ensure easy visual detection of 
tampering; and 
"(iii) all persons providing such supplies and facili-
ties of such persons; 
"(D) shall require vendors having direct access to the 
airfield and aircraft to develop security programs; and 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 609 
"(E) may provide for the use of biometric or other 
technology that positively verifies the identity of each 
employee and law enforcement officer who enters a secure 
area of an airport.". 
(b) SMALL AND MEDIUM AIRPORTS.— 
49 use 44903 
(1) TECHNICAL SUPPORT AND FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE.—^The note. 
Under Secretary of Transportation for Security shall develop 
apian to— 
(A) provide technical support to airports, each of which 
had less than 1 percent of the total annual enplanements 
in the United States for the most recent calendar year 
for which data is available, to enhance security operations; 
and 
(B) provide financial assistance to those airports to 
defray the costs of enhancing security. 
(2) REMOVAL OF CERTAIN RESTRICTIONS.— 
(A) CERTIFICATION BY OPERATOR.—If the operator of 
an airport described in paragraph (1), after consultation 
with the appropriate State and local law enforcement 
authorities, determines that safeguards are in place to 
sufficiently protect public safety, £ind so certifies in writing 
to the Under Secretary, then any security rule, order, or 
other directive restricting the parking of passenger vehicles 
shall not apply at that airport after the applicable time 
period specified in subparagraph (B), unless the Under 
Secretary, taking into account individual airport cir-
cumstances, notifies the airport operator that the safe-
guards in place do not adequately respond to specific secu-
rity risks and that the restriction must be continued in 
order to ensure public safety. 
(B) COUNTERMAND PERIOD.—^The time period within 
which the Secretary may notify an airport operator, after 
receiving a certification under subparagraph (A), that a 
restriction must be continued in order to ensure public 
SEifety at the airport is— 
(i) 15 days for a nonhub airport (as defined in 
section 41714(h) of title 49, United States Code); 
(ii) 30 days for a small hub airport (as defined 
in such section); 
(iii) 60 days for a medium hub airport (as defined 
in such section); and 
(iv) 120 days for an airport that had at least 1 
percent of the total annual enplanements in the United 
States for the most recent calendar year for which 
data is available. 
(c) IMPROVEMENT OF SECURED-AREA ACCESS CONTROL.—Section 
44903(g)(2) of title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking "weaknesses by January 31, 2001;" in 
subparagraph (A) and inserting "weaknesses;"; 
(2) by striking subparagraph (D) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
"(D) on an ongoing basis, assess and test for compliance 
with access control requirements, report annually findings 
of the assessments, and assess the effectiveness of penalties 
in ensuring compliance with security procedures and take 
any other appropriate enforcement actions when non-
compliance is found;"; 
115 STAT. 610 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
49 use 44903 
note. 
Deadline. 
(3) by striking "program by January 31, 2001;" in subpara-
graph (F) and inserting "program;"; and 
(4) by striking subparagraph (G) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
"(G) work with airport operators to strengthen access 
control points in secured areas (including air traffic control 
operations areas, maintenance areas, crew lounges, bag-
gage handling areas, concessions, and catering delivery 
areas) to ensure the security of passengers and aircraft 
and consider the deployment of biometric or similar tech-
nologies that identify individuals based on unique personal 
characteristics.". 
(d) AIRPORT SECURITY PILOT PROGRAM.—Section 44903(c) of 
title 49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
"(3) PILOT PROGRAMS.—The Administrator shall establish 
pilot programs in no fewer than 20 airports to test and evaluate 
new and emerging technology for providing access control and 
other security protections for closed or secure areas of the 
airports. Such technology may include biometric or other tech-
nology that ensures only authorized access to secure areas.". 
(e) AIRPORT SECURITY AWARENESS PROGRAMS.—The Under Sec-
retary of Transportation for Security shall require scheduled pas-
senger air carriers, and airports in the United States described 
in section 44903(c) to develop security awareness programs for 
airport employees, ground crews, gate, ticket, and curbside agents 
of the air carriers, and other individuals employed at such airports. 
SEC. 107. CREW TRAINING. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 449 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"§ 44918. Crew training 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date of 
enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration, in consulta-
tion with the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security, appro-
priate law enforcement, security, and terrorism experts, representa-
tives of air carriers and labor organizations representing individuals 
employed in commercial aviation, shall develop detailed guidance 
for a scheduled passenger air carrier flight and cabin crew training 
program to prepare crew members for potential threat conditions. 
"(b) PROGRAM ELEMENTS.—The guidance shall require such 
a program to include, at a minimum, elements that address the 
following: 
"(1) Determination of the seriousness of any occurrence. 
"(2) Crew communication and coordination. 
"(3) Appropriate responses to defend oneself. 
"(4) Use of protective devices assigned to crew members 
(to the extent such devices are required by the Administrator 
or Under Secretary). 
"(5) Psychology of terrorists to cope with hijacker behavior 
and passenger responses. 
"(6) Live situational training exercises regarding various 
threat conditions. 
"(7) Flight deck procedures or aircraft maneuvers to defend 
the aircraft. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 611 
"(8) Any other subject matter deemed appropriate by the 
Administrator. 
"(c) AIR CARRIER 
PROGRAMS.—^Within 60 days after the 
Administrator issues the guidance under subsection (a) in final 
form, each air carrier shall develop a flight and cabin crew training 
program in accordance with that guidance and submit it to the 
Administrator for approval. Within 30 days after receiving an air 
carrier's program under this subsection, the Administrator shall 
review the program and approve it or require the air carrier to 
make any revisions deemed necessary by the Administrator for 
the program to meet the guidance requirements. 
"(d) TRAINING.—^Within 180 days after the Administrator 
approves the training program developed by an air carrier under 
this section, the air carrier shall complete the training of all flight 
and cabin crews in accordance with that program. 
"(e) UPDATES.—The Administrator shall update the training 
guidance issued under subsection (a) from time to time to reflect 
new or different security threats and require air carriers to revise 
their programs accordingly and provide additional training to their 
flight and cabin crews.". 
(b) 
CONFORMING 
AMENDMENT.—The 
chapter 
analysis 
for 
chapter 449 of title 49, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to section 44917 the following: 
"44918. Crew training.". 
SEC. 108. SECURITY SCREENING BY PRIVATE COMPANIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter I of chapter 449 of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
'*§ 44919. Security screening pilot program 
"(a) ESTABLISHMENT OF PROGRAM.—^The Under Secretary shall 
establish a pilot program under which, upon approval of an applica-
tion submitted by an operator of an airport, the screening of pas-
sengers and property at the airport under section 44901 will be 
carried out by the screening personnel of a qualified private 
screening company under a contract entered into with the Under 
Secretary. 
"(b) PERIOD OF PILOT PROGRAM.—The pilot program under this 
section shall begin on the last day of the 1-year period beginning 
on the date of enactment of this section and end on the last 
day of the 3-year period beginning on such date of enactment. 
"(c) APPLICATIONS.—^An operator of an airport may submit to 
the Under Secretary an application to participate in the pilot pro-
gram under this section. 
"(d) SELECTION OF AIRPORTS.—From among applications sub-
mitted under subsection (c), the Under Secretary may select for 
participation in the pilot program not more than 1 airport from 
each of the 5 airport security risk categories, as defined by the 
Under Secretary. 
"(e) SUPERVISION OF SCREENED PERSONNEL.—The Under Sec-
retary shall provide Federal Government supervisors to oversee 
all screening at each airport participating in the pilot program 
under this section and provide Federal Government law enforcement 
officers at the airport pursuant to this chapter. 
"(f) 
QUALIFIED 
PRIVATE 
SCREENING 
COMPANY.—^A private 
screening company is qualified to provide screening services at 
an airport participating in the pilot program under this section 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
115 STAT. 612 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
if the company will only employ individuals to provide such services 
who meet all the requirements of this chapter applicable to Federal 
Government personnel who perform screening services at airports 
under this chapter and will provide compensation and other benefits 
to such individuals that are not less than the level of compensation 
and other benefits provided to such Federal Government personnel 
in accordance with this chapter. 
"(g) 
STANDARDS FOR PRIVATE SCREENING COMPANIES.—The 
Under Secretary may enter into a contract with a private screening 
company to provide screening at an airport participating in the 
pilot program under this section only if the Under Secretary deter-
mines and certifies to Congress that the private screening company 
is owned and controlled by a citizen of the United States, to the 
extent that the Under Secretary determines that there are private 
screening companies owned and controlled by such citizens. 
"(h) TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS.—The Under Secretary may 
terminate any contract entered into with a private screening com-
pany to provide screening services at an airport under the pilot 
program if the Under Secretary finds that the company has failed 
repeatedly to comply with any standard, regulation, directive, order, 
law, or contract applicable to the hiring or training of personnel 
to provide such services or to the provision of screening at the 
airport. 
"(i) ELECTION.—If a contract is in effect with respect to 
screening at an airport under the pilot program on the last day 
of the 3-year period beginning on the date of enactment of this 
section, the operator of the airport may elect to continue to have 
such screening carried out by the screening personnel of a qualified 
private screening company under a contract entered into with the 
Under Secretary under section 44920 or by Federal Government 
personnel in accordance with this chapter. 
"§ 44920. Security screening opt-out program 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—On or after the last day of the 2-year period 
beginning on the date on which the Under Secretary transmits 
to Congress the certification required by section 110(c) of the Avia-
tion and Transportation Security Act, an operator of an airport 
may submit to the Under Secretary an application to have the 
screening of passengers and property at the airport under section 
44901 to be carried out by the screening personnel of a qualified 
private screening company under a contract entered into with the 
Under Secretary. 
"(b) APPROVAL OF APPLICATIONS.—The Under Secretary may 
approve any application submitted under subsection (a). 
"(c) QUALIFIED PRIVATE 
SCREENING COMPANY.—^A private 
screening company is qualified to provide screening services at 
an airport under this section if the company will only employ 
individuals to provide such services who meet all the requirements 
of this chapter applicable to Federal Government personnel who 
perform screening services at airports under this chapter and will 
provide compensation and other benefits to such individuals that 
are not less than the level of compensation and other benefits 
provided to such Federal Government personnel in accordance with 
this chapter. 
"(d) 
STANDARDS FOR PRIVATE SCREENING COMPANIES.—The 
Under Secretary may enter into a contract with a private screening 
company to provide screening at an airport under this section 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 613 
only if the Under Secretary determines and certifies to Congress 
t h a t -
'll) the level of screening services and protection provided 
at the airport under the contract will be equal to or greater 
than the level that would be provided at the airport by Federal 
Government personnel under this chapter; and 
"(2) the private screening company is owned and controlled 
by a citizen of the United States, to the extent that the Under 
Secretary determines that there are private screening compa-
nies owned and controlled by such citizens. 
"(e) SUPERVISION OF SCREENED PERSONNEL.—The Under Sec-
retary shall provide Federal Government supervisors to oversee 
all screening at each airport at which screening services are pro-
vided under this section and provide Federal Government law 
enforcement officers at the airport pursuant to this chapter. 
"(f) TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS.—The Under Secretary may 
terminate any contract entered into with a private screening com-
pany to provide screening services at an airport under this section 
if the Under Secretary finds that the company has failed repeatedly 
to comply with any standard, regulation, directive, order, law, or 
contract applicable to the hiring or training of personnel to provide 
such services or to the provision of screening at the airport.". 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The analysis for such subchapter 
is amended by adding after the item relating to section 44918 
the following: 
"44919. Security screening pilot program. 
"44920. Security screening opt-out program.". 
SEC. 109. ENHANCED SECURITY MEASURES. 
49 USC 114 note. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security may take the following actions: 
(1) Require effective 911 emergency call capability for tele-
phones serving passenger aircraft and passenger trains. 
(2) Establish a uniform system of identification for all 
State and local law enforcement personnel for use in obtaining 
permission to carry weapons in aircraft cabins and in obtaining 
access to a secured area of an airport, if otherwise authorized 
to carry such weapons. 
(3) Establish requirements to implement trusted passenger 
programs and use available technologies to expedite the security 
screening of passengers who participate in such programs, 
thereby allowing security screening personnel to focus on those 
passengers who should be subject to more extensive screening. 
(4) In consultation with the Commissioner of the Food 
and Drug Administration, develop alternative security proce-
dures under which a medical product to be transported on 
a flight of an air carrier would not be subject to an inspection 
that would irreversibly damage the product. 
(5) Provide for the use of technologies, including wireless 
and wire line data technologies, to enable the private and 
secure communication of threats to aid in the screening of 
passengers and other individuals on airport property who are 
identified on any State or Federal security-related data base 
for the purpose of having an integrated response coordination 
of various authorized airport security forces. 
(6) In consultation with the Administrator of the Federal 
Aviation Administration, consider whether to require all pilot 
115 STAT. 614 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
licenses to incorporate a photograph of the license holder and 
appropriate biometric imprints. 
(7) Provide for the use of voice stress analysis, biometric, 
or other technologies to prevent a person who might pose a 
danger to air safety or security from boarding the aircraft 
of an air carrier or foreign air carrier in air transportation 
or intrastate air transportation. 
(8) Provide for the use of technology that will permit 
enhanced instant communications and information between air-
borne passenger aircraft and appropriate individuals or facili-
ties on the ground. 
Deadline. 
(b) REPORT.—Not later than 6 months after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, and annually thereafter until the Under Secretary 
has implemented or decided not to take each of the actions specified 
in subsection (a), the Under Secretary shall transmit to Congress 
a report on the progress of the Under Secretary in evaluating 
and taking such actions, including any legislative recommendations 
that the Under Secretary may have for enhancing transportation 
security. 
SEC. 110. SCREENING. 
(a) REVIEW AND DEVELOPMENT OF WAYS TO STRENGTHEN SECU-
RITY.—Section 44932(c) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking "x-ray" in paragraph (4); 
(2) by striking "and" at the end of paragraph (4); 
(3) by striking "passengers." in paragraph (5) and inserting 
"passengers;"; and 
(4) by adding at the end the following: 
"(6) to strengthen and enhance the ability to detect or 
neutralize nonexplosive weapons, such as biological, chemical, 
or similar substances; and 
"(7) to evaluate such additional measures as may be appro-
priate to enhance inspection of passengers, baggage, and 
cargo.". 
(b) PASSENGERS AND PROPERTY.—Section 44901 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (h); and 
(2) by striking subsections (a) and (b) and inserting the 
following: 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security shall provide for the screening of all passengers and prop-
erty, including United States mail, cargo, carry-on and checked 
baggage, and other articles, that will be carried aboard a passenger 
aircraft operated by an air carrier or foreign air carrier in air 
transportation or intrastate air transportation. In the case of flights 
and flight segments originating in the United States, the screening 
shall take place before boarding and shall be carried out by a 
Federal Government employee (as defined in section 2105 of title 
5, United States Code), except as otherwise provided in section 
44919 or 44920 and except for identifying passengers and baggage 
for screening under the CAPPS and known shipper programs and 
conducting positive bag-match programs. 
"(b) SUPERVISION OF SCREENING.—^All screening of passengers 
and property at airports in the United States where screening 
is required under this section shall be supervised by uniformed 
Federal personnel of the Transportation Security Administration 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 615 
who shall have the power to order the dismissal of any individual 
performing such screening. 
"(c) CHECKED BAGGAGE.—^A system must be in operation to Deadline, 
screen all checked baggage at all airports in the United States 
as soon as practicable but not later than the 60th day following 
the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security 
Act. 
"(d) EXPLOSIVE DETECTION SYSTEMS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation 
for Security shall take all necessary action to ensure that— 
"(A) explosive detection systems are deployed as soon 
as possible to ensure that all United States airports 
described in section 44903(c) have sufficient explosive 
detection systems to screen all checked baggage no later 
than December 31, 2002, and that as soon as such systems 
are in place at an airport, all checked baggage at the 
airport is screened by those systems; and 
"(B) all systems deployed under subparagraph (A) are 
fully utilized; and 
"(C) if explosive detection equipment at an airport 
is unavailable, all checked baggage is screened by an alter-
native means. 
"(e) MANDATORY SCREENING WHERE EDS NOT YET AVAIL-
ABLE.—As soon as practicable but not later than the 60th day Deadline, 
following the date of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation 
Security Act and until the requirements of subsection (b)(1)(A) 
are met, the Under Secretary shall require alternative means for 
screening any piece of checked baggage that is not screened by 
an explosive detection system. Such alternative means may include 
1 or more of the following: 
"(1) A bag-match program that ensures that no checked 
baggage is placed aboard an aircraft unless the passenger who 
checked the baggage is aboard the aircraft. 
"(2) Manual search. 
"(3) Search by canine explosive detection units in combina-
tion with other means. 
"(4) Other means or technology approved by the Under 
Secretary. 
"(f) CARGO DEADLINE.—^A system must be in operation to screen, 
inspect, or otherwise ensure the security of all cargo that is to 
be transported in all-cargo aircraft in air transportation and intra-
state air transportation as soon as practicable after the date of 
enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act. 
"(g) DEPLOYMENT OF ARMED PERSONNEL.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall order the 
deplo3nnent of law enforcement personnel authorized to carry 
firearms at each airport security screening location to ensure 
passenger safety and national security. 
"(2) MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS.—Except at airports required 
to enter into agreements under subsection (c), the Under Sec-
retary shall order the deployment of at least 1 law enforcement 
officer at each airport security screening location. At the 100 
largest airports in the United States, in terms of annual pas-
senger enplanements for the most recent calendar year for 
which data are available, the Under Secretary shall order the 
deployment of additional law enforcement personnel at airport 
security screening locations if the Under Secretary determines 
115 STAT. 616 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
49 u s e 44901 
note. 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
that the additional deployment is necessary to ensure passenger 
safety and national security.". 
(c) DEADLINE FOR DEPLOYMENT OF FEDERAL SCREENERS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 1 year after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation 
for Security shall deploy at all airports in the United States 
where screening is required under section 44901 of title 49, 
United States Code, a sufficient number of Federal screeners, 
Federal Security Managers, Federal security personnel, and 
Federal law enforcement officers to conduct the screening of 
all passengers and property under section 44901 of such title 
at such airports. 
(2) CERTIFICATION TO CONGRESS.—Not later than 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary 
shall transmit to Congress a certification that the requirement 
of paragraph (1) has been met. 
(d) REPORTS.— 
(1) DEPLOYMENT.—Within 6 months after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security shall report to the Committee on Commerce, Science, 
and Transportation of the Senate and to the Committee on 
Transportation and Infrastructure of the House of Representa-
tives on the deployment of the systems required by section 
44901(c) of title 49, United States Code. The Under Secretary 
shall include in the report— 
(A) an installation schedule; 
(B) the dates of installation of each system; and 
(C) the date on which each system installed is oper-
ational. 
(2) SCREENING OF SMALL AIRCRAFT.—^Within 1 year after 
the date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of 
Transportation for Security shall transmit a report to the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives on the screening requirements 
applicable to passengers boarding, and property being carried 
aboard, aircraft with 60 seats or less used in scheduled pas-
senger service with recommendations for any necessary changes 
in those requirements. 
SEC. 111. TRAINING AND EMPLOYMENT OF SECURITY SCREENING 
PERSONNEL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44935 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subsection (f) as subsection (i); and 
(2) by striking subsection (e) and inserting the following: 
"(e) SECURITY SCREENERS.— 
"(1) 
TRAINING 
PROGRAM.—The 
Under 
Secretary 
of 
Transportation for Security shall establish a program for the 
hiring and training of security screening personnel. 
"(2) HIRING.— 
"(A) QUALIFICATIONS.—^Within 30 days after the date 
of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security 
Act, the Under Secretary shall establish qualification 
standards for individuals to be hired by the United States 
as security screening personnel. Notwithstanding any 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 617 
provision of law, those standards shall require, at a min-
imum, an individual— 
"(i) to have a satisfactory or better score on a 
Federal security screening personnel selection exam-
ination; 
"(ii) to be a citizen of the United States; 
"(iii) to meet, at a minimum, the requirements 
set forth in subsection (f); 
"(iv) to meet such other qualifications as the Under 
Secretary may establish; and 
"(v) to have the ability to demonstrate daily a 
fitness for duty without any impairment due to illegal 
drugs, sleep deprivation, medication, or alcohol. 
"(B) BACKGROUND CHECKS.—^The Under Secretary shall 
require that an individual to be hired as a security screener 
undergo an employment investigation (including a criminal 
history record check) luider section 44936(a)(1). 
"(C) DISQUALIFICATION OF INDIVIDUALS WHO PRESENT 
NATIONAL SECURITY RISKS.—The Under Secretary, in con-
sultation with the heads of other appropriate Federal agen-
cies, shall establish procedures, in addition to any back-
ground check conducted under section 44936, to ensure 
that no individual who presents a threat to national secu-
rity is employed as a security screener. 
"(3) EXAMINATION; REVIEW OF EXISTING RULES.—The Under 
Secretary shall develop a security screening personnel examina-
tion for use in determining the qualification of individuals 
seeking employment as security screening personnel. The 
Under Secretary shall also review, and revise as necessary, 
any standard, rule, or regulation governing the emplo3mrient 
of individuals as security screening personnel. 
"(f) EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS FOR SCREENING PERSONNEL.— 
"(1) 
SCREENER 
REQUIREMENTS.—Notwithstanding 
any 
provision of law, an individual may not be deployed as a secu-
rity screener unless that individual meets the following require-
ments: 
"(A) The individual shall possess a high school diploma, 
a general equivalency diploma, or experience that the 
Under Secretary has determined to be sufficient for the 
individual to perform the duties of the position. 
"(B) The individual shall possess basic aptitudes and 
physical abilities, including color perception, visual and 
aural acuity, physical coordination, and motor skills, to 
the following standards: 
"(i) Screeners operating screening equipment shall 
be able to distinguish on the screening equipment mon-
itor the appropriate imaging standard specified by the 
Under Secretary. 
"(ii) Screeners operating any screening equipment 
shall be able to distinguish each color displayed on 
every type of screening equipment and explain what 
each color signifies. 
"(iii) Screeners shall be able to hear and respond 
to the spoken voice and to audible alarms generated 
by screening equipment in an active checkpoint 
environment. 
115 STAT. 618 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
"(iv) Screeners performing physical searches or 
other related operations shall be able to efficiently 
and thoroughly manipulate and handle such baggage, 
containers, and other objects subject to security proc-
essing. 
"(v) Screeners who perform pat-downs or hand-
held metal detector searches of individuals shall have 
sufficient dexterity and capability to thoroughly con-
duct those procedures over an individual's entire body. 
"(C) The individual shall be able to read, speak, and 
write English well enough to— 
"(i) carry 
out written 
and oral 
instructions 
regarding the proper performance of screening duties; 
"(ii) read English language identification media, 
credentials, airline tickets, and labels on items nor-
mally encountered in the screening process; 
"(iii) provide direction to and understand and 
answer questions from English-speaking individuals 
undergoing screening; and 
"(iv) write incident reports and statements and 
log entries into security records in the English lan-
guage. 
"(D) The individual shall have satisfactorily completed 
all initial, recurrent, and appropriate specialized training 
required by the security program, except as provided in 
paragraph (3). 
"(2) VETERANS PREFERENCE.—The Under Secretary shall 
provide a preference for the hiring of an individual as a security 
screener if the individual is a member or former member of 
the armed forces and if the individual is entitled, under statute, 
to retired, retirement, or retainer pay on account of service 
as a member of the armed forces. 
"(3) EXCEPTIONS.—^An individual who has not completed 
the training required by this section may be deployed during 
the on-the-job portion of training to perform functions if that 
individual— 
"(A) is closely supervised; and 
"(B) does not make independent judgments as to 
whether individuals or property may enter a sterile area 
or aircraft without further inspection. 
"(4) REMEDIAL TRAINING.—^No individual employed as a 
security screener may perform a screening function after that 
individual has failed an operational test related to that function 
until that individual has successfully completed the remedial 
training specified in the security program. 
"(5) ANNUAL PROFICIENCY REVIEW.—The Under Secretary 
shall provide that an annual evaluation of each individual 
assigned screening duties is conducted and documented. An 
individual employed as a security screener may not continue 
to be employed in that capacity unless the evaluation dem-
onstrates that the individual— 
"(A) continues to meet all qualifications and standards 
required to perform a screening function; 
"(B) has a satisfactory record of performance and atten-
tion to duty based on the stgindards and requirements 
in the security program; and 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 619 
"(C) demonstrates the current knowledge and skills 
necessary to courteously, vigilantly, and effectively perform 
screening functions. 
"(6) OPERATIONAL TESTING.—In addition to the annual pro-
ficiency review conducted under paragraph (5), the Under Sec-
retary shall provide for the operational testing of such per-
sonnel. 
"(g) TRAINING.— 
"(1) USE OF OTHER AGENCIES.—The Under Secretary may 
enter into a memorandum of understanding or other arrange-
ment with any other Federal agency or department with appro-
priate law enforcement responsibilities, to provide personnel, 
resources, or other forms of assistance in the training of security 
screening personnel. 
"(2) TRAINING PLAN.—Within 60 days after the date of Deadline, 
enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, 
the Under Secretary shall develop a plan for the training of 
security screening personnel. The plan shall require, at a min-
imum, that a security screener— 
"(A) has completed 40 hours of classroom instruction 
or successfully completed a program that the Under Sec-
retary determines will train individuals to a level of pro-
ficiency equivalent to the level that would be achieved 
by such classroom instruction; 
"(B) has completed 60 hours of on-the-job instructions; 
and 
"(C) has successfully completed an on-the-job training 
$ 
examination prescribed by the Under Secretary. 
"(3) 
EQUIPMENT-SPECIFIC 
TRAINING.—^An 
individual 
employed as a security screener may not use any security 
screening device or equipment in the scope of that individual's 
employment unless the individual has been trained on that 
device or equipment and has successfully completed a test 
on the use of the device or equipment. 
"(h) TECHNOLOGICAL TRAINING.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary shall require 
training to ensure that screeners are proficient in using the 
most up-to-date new technology and to ensure their proficiency 
in recognizing new threats and weapons. 
"(2) PERIODIC ASSESSMENTS.—The Under Secretary shall 
make periodic assessments to determine if there are dual use 
items and inform security screening personnel of the existence 
of such items. 
"(3) CURRENT LISTS OF DUAL USE ITEMS.—Current lists 
of dual use items shall be part of the ongoing training for 
screeners. 
"(4) DUAL USE DEFINED.—For purposes of this subsection, 
the term 'dual use' item means an item that may seem harmless 
but that may be used as a weapon. 
"(i) LIMITATION ON RIGHT TO STRIKE.—^An individual that 
screens passengers or property, or both, at an airport under this 
section may not participate in a strike, or assert the right to 
strike, against the person (including a governmental 
entity) 
employing such individual to perform such screening. 
"(j) UNIFORMS.—The Under Secretary shall require any indi-
vidual who screens passengers and property pursuant to section 
89-194 0 -03- 21 QL 3 Part 1 
115 STAT. 620 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
49 use 44935 
note. 
49 use 44935 
note. 
44901 to be attired while on duty in a uniform approved by the 
Under Secretary.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—Section 44936(a)(1) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A) by inserting "as a security screener 
under section 44935(e) or a position" after "a position"; and 
(2) in subparagraph (E) by striking clause (iv). 
(c) TRANSITION.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security shall complete the full implementation of section 44935 
(e), (f), (g), and (h) of title 49, United States Code, as amended 
by subsection (a), as soon as is practicable. The Under Secretary 
may make or continue such arrangements for the training of secu-
rity screeners under that section as the Under Secretary determines 
necessary pending full implementation of that section as so 
amended. 
(d) SCREENER PERSONNEL.—Notwithstanding any other provi-
sion of law, the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security 
may employ, appoint, discipline, terminate, and fix the compensa-
tion, terms, and conditions of employment of Federal service for 
such a number of individuals as the Under Secretary determines 
to be necessary to carry out the screening functions of the Under 
Secretary under section 44901 of title 49, United States Code. 
The Under Secretary shall establish levels of compensation and 
other benefits for individuals so employed. 
SEC. 112. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44912(b)(1) of title 49, United States 
Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking "complete an intensive review of and 
inserting "periodically review"; 
(2) by striking "commercial aircraft in service and expected 
to be in service in the 10-year period beginning on November 
16, 1990;" in subparagraph (B) and inserting "aircraft in air 
transportation;"; and 
(3) by redesignating subparagraphs (D) through (F) as sub-
paragraphs (E) through (G), respectively, and inserting after 
subparagraph (C) the following: 
"(D) the potential release of chemical, biological, or 
similar weapons or devices either within an aircraft or 
within an airport;". 
(b) ADDITIONAL MATTERS REGARDING RESEARCH AND DEVELOP-
MENT.— 
(1) ADDITIONAL PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—Subsection (a) 
of section 44912 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by redesignating paragraph (4) as paragraph (5); 
and 
(B) by inserting after paragraph (3) the following new 
paragraph (4): 
"(4)(A) In carrying out the program established under this 
subsection, the Administrator shall designate an individual to be 
responsible for engineering, research, and development with respect 
to security technology under the program. 
"(B) The individual designated under subparagraph (A) shall 
use appropriate systems engineering and risk management models 
in making decisions 
regarding the 
allocation 
of funds 
for 
engineering, research, and development with respect to security 
technology under the program. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 621 
"(C) The individual designated under subparagraph (A) shall, Reports, 
on an annual basis, submit to the Research, Engineering and 
Development Advisory Committee a report on activities under this 
paragraph during the preceding year. Each report shall include, 
for the year covered by such report, information on— 
"(i) progress made in engineering, research, and develop-
ment with respect to security technology; 
"(ii) the allocation of funds for engineering, research, and 
development with respect to security technology; and 
"(iii) engineering, research, and development with respect 
to any technologies drawn from other agencies, including the 
rationale for engineering, research, and development with 
respect to such technologies.". 
(2) REVIEW OF THREATS.—Subsection (b)(1) of that section 
is further amended— 
(A) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (G) 
as subparagraphs (B) through (H) respectively; and 
(B) by inserting before subparagraph (B), as so redesig-
nated, the following new subparagraph (A): 
"(A) a comprehensive systems analysis (employing vulner-
ability analysis, threat attribute definition, and technology 
roftdmaps) of the civil aviation system, including— 
"(i) the destruction, commandeering, or diversion of 
civil aircraft or the use of civil aircraft as a weapon; and 
"(ii) the disruption of civil aviation service, including 
by cyber attack;". 
(3) SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL.—Subsection (c) of that sec-
tion is amended to read as follows: 
"(c) SCIENTIFIC ADVISORY PANEL.—(1) The Administrator shall EstabUshment. 
establish a scientific advisory panel, as a subcommittee of the 
Research, Engineering, and Development Advisory Committee, to 
review, comment on, advise the progress of, and recommend modi-
fications in, the program established under subsection (a) of this 
section, including the need for long-range research programs to 
detect and prevent catastrophic damage to commercial aircraft, 
commercial aviation facilities, commercial aviation personnel and 
passengers, and other components of the commercial aviation 
system by the next generation of terrorist weapons. 
"(2)(A) The advisory panel shall consist of individuals who 
have scientific and technical expertise in— 
"(i) the development and testing of effective explosive detec-
tion systems; 
"(ii) aircraft structure and experimentation to decide on 
the type and minimum weights of explosives that an effective 
explosive detection technology must be capable of detecting; 
"(iii) technologies involved in minimizing airframe damage 
to aircraft from explosives; and 
"(iv) other scientific and technical areas the Administrator 
considers appropriate. 
"(B) In appointing individuals to the advisory panel, the 
Administrator should consider individuals from academia and the 
national laboratories, as appropriate. 
"(3) The Administrator shall organize the advisory panel into 
teams capable of undertaking the review of policies and technologies 
upon request. 
"(4) Not later than 90 days after the date of the enactment Deadline, 
of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, and every two 
115 STAT. 622 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
Deadline. 
49 u s e 44939 
note. 
49 u s e 44939 
pote. 
years thereafter, the Administrator shall review the composition 
of the advisory panel in order to ensure that the expertise of 
the individuals on the panel is suited to the current and anticipated 
duties of the panel.". 
SEC, 113. FLIGHT SCHOOL SECURITY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following 
new section: 
"§ 44939. Training to operate certain aircraft 
"(a) WAITING PERIOD.—^A person subject to regulation under 
this part may provide training in the operation of any aircraft 
having a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 12,500 pounds 
or more to an alien (as defined in section 101(a)(3) of the Immigra-
tion and NationaHty Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(3))) or to any other 
individual specified by the Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Security only if— 
"(1) that person has first notified the Attorney General 
that the individual has requested such training and furnished 
the Attorney General with that individual's identifica^on in 
such form as the Attorney General may require; and 
"(2) the Attorney General has not directed, within 45 days 
after being notified under paragraph (1), that person not to 
provide the requested training because the Attorney General 
has determined that the individual presents a risk to aviation 
or national security. 
"(b) INTERRUPTION OF TRAINING.—If the Attorney General, more 
than 45 days after receiving notification under subsection (a) from 
a person providing training described in subsection (a), determines 
that the individual presents a risk to aviation or national security, 
the Attorney General shall immediately notify the person providing 
the training of the determination and that person shall immediately 
terminate the training. 
"(c) COVERED TRAINING.—^For the purposes of subsection (a), 
training includes in-flight training, training in a simulator, and 
any other form or aspect of training. 
"(d) SECURITY AWARENESS TRAINING FOR EMPLOYEES.—The 
Under Secretary shall require flight schools to conduct a security 
awareness program for flight school employees to increase their 
awareness of suspicious circumstances and activities of individuals 
enrolling in or attending flight school.". 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections at the begin-
ning of such chapter is amended by adding at the end the following 
new item: 
"44939. Training to operate certain aircraft.". 
(c) INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION.—The Secretary of Transpor-
tation, in consultation with the Secretary of State, shall work with 
the International Civil Aviation Organization and the civil aviation 
authorities of other countries to improve international aviation 
security through screening programs for flight instruction can-
didates. 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by subsection (a) 
applies to applications for training received after the date of enact-
ment of this Act. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 623 
SEC. 114. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR INTERFERENCE WITH SECU-
RITY PERSONNEL. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 465 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by inserting after section 46502 the following: 
"§ 46503. Interference with security screening personnel 
"An individual in an area within a commercial service airport 
in the United States who, by assaulting a Federal, airport, or 
air carrier employee who has security duties within the airport, 
interferes with the performance of the duties of the employee or 
lessens the ability of the employee to perform those duties, shall 
be fined under title 18, imprisoned for not more than 10 years, 
or both. If the individual used a dangerous weapon in committing 
the assault or interference, the individual may be imprisoned for 
any term of years or life imprisonment.". 
(b) 
CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The 
chapter 
analysis 
for 
chapter 465 of such title is amended by inserting after the item 
relating to section 46502 the following: 
"46503. Interference with security screening personnel.". 
SEC. 115. PASSENGER MANIFESTS. 
Section 44909 is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(c) FLIGHTS IN FOREIGN AIR TRANSPORTATION TO THE UNITED 
STATES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 60 days after the date 
of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, 
each air carrier and foreign air carrier operating a passenger 
flight in foreign air transportation to the United States shall 
provide to the Commissioner of Customs by electronic trans-
mission a passenger and crew manifest containing the informa-
tion specified in paragraph (2). Carriers may use the advanced 
passenger information system established under section 431 
of the Tariff Act of 1930 (19 U.S.C. 1431) to provide the informa-
tion required by the preceding sentence. 
"(2) INFORMATION.—^A passenger and crew manifest for a 
flight required under paragraph (1) shall contain the following 
information: 
"(A) The full name of each passenger and crew member. 
"(B) The date of birth and citizenship of each passenger 
and crew member. 
"(C) The sex of each passenger and crew member. 
"(D) The passport number and country of issuance 
of each passenger and crew member if required for travel. 
"(E) The United States visa number or resident alien 
card number of each passenger and crew member, as 
applicable. 
"(F) Such other information as the Under Secretary, 
in consultation with the Commissioner of Customs, deter-
mines is reasonably necessary to ensure aviation safety. 
"(3) PASSENGER NAME RECORDS.—The carriers shall make 
passenger name record information available to the Customs 
Service upon request. 
"(4) TRANSMISSION OF MANIFEST.—Subject to paragraph (5), 
a passenger and crew manifest required for a flight under 
paragraph (1) shall be transmitted to the Customs Service 
in advance of the aircraft landing in the United States in 
such manner, time, and form as the Customs Service prescribes. 
49 u s e 44909. 
Deadline. 
115 STAT. 624 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
49 use 41309 
note. 
49 use 44903 
note. 
"(5) TRANSMISSION OF MANIFESTS TO OTHER FEDERAL AGEN-
CIES.—Upon request, information provided to the Under Sec-
retary or the Customs Service under this subsection may be 
shared with other Federal agencies for the purpose of protecting 
national security.". 
SEC. 116. AIR TRANSPORTATION ARRANGEMENTS IN CERTAIN STATES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding any provision of section 
41309(a) of title 49, United States Code, to the contrary, air carriers 
providing air transportation on flights which both originate and 
terminate at points within the same State may file an agreement, 
request, modification, or CEincellation of an agreement within the 
scope of that section with the Secretary of Transportation upon 
a declaration by the Governor of the State that such agreement, 
request, modification, or cancellation is necessary to ensure the 
continuing availability of such air transportation within that State. 
(b) APPROVAL OF SECRETARY.—The Secretary may approve any 
such agreement, request, modification, or cancellation and grant 
an exemption under section 41308(c) of title 49, United States 
Code, to the extent necessary to effectuate such agreement, request, 
modification, or cancellation, without regard to the provisions of 
section 41309(b) or (c) of that title. 
(c) 
PUBLIC 
INTEREST 
REQUIREMENT.—The 
Secretary 
may 
approve such an agreement, request, modification, or cancellation 
if the Secretary determines that— 
(1) the State to which it relates has extraordinary air 
transportation needs and concerns; and 
(2) approval is in the public interest. 
(d) TERMINATION.—^An approval under subsection (b) and an 
exemption under section 41308(c) of title 49, United States Code, 
granted under subsection (b) shall terminate on the earlier of the 
2 following dates: 
(1) A date established by the Secretary in the Secretary's 
discretion. 
(2) October 1, 2002. 
(e) EXTENSION.—Notwithstanding subsection (d), if the Sec-
retary determines that it is in the public interest, the Secretary 
may extend the termination date under subsection (d)(2) until a 
date no later than October 1, 2003. 
(f) REPORTS.—If the Secretary approves any such agreement, 
request, modification, or cancellation under this section and grants 
an exemption, the Secretary shall transmit a report to the Com-
mittee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate 
and the Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure of the 
House of Representatives within 6 months describing what actions 
have been taken by the air carriers to which the exemption was 
granted. The Secretary shall also notify those committees if the 
Secretary extends the termination date under subsection (e). 
SEC. 117. AIRLINE COMPUTER RESERVATION SYSTEMS. 
In order to ensure that all airline computer reservation systems 
maintained by United States air carriers are secure from unauthor-
ized access by persons seeking information on reservations, pas-
senger manifests, or other nonpublic information, the Secretary 
of Transportation shall require all such air carriers to utilize to 
the maximum extent practicable the best technology available to 
secure their computer reservation system against such unauthorized 
access. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 625 
SEC. 118. SECURITY SERVICE FEE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
"§ 44940. Security service fee 
49 USC 44940 
"(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.— 
"(1) PASSENGER FEES.—The Under Secretary of Transpor-
tation for Security shall impose a uniform fee, on passengers 
of air carriers and foreign air carriers in air transportation 
and intrastate air transportation originating at airports in the 
United States, to pay for the following costs of providing civil 
aviation security services: 
"(A) Salary, benefits, overtime, retirement and other 
costs of screening personnel, their supervisors and man-
agers, and Federal law enforcement personnel deployed 
at airport security screening locations under section 44901. 
"(B) The costs of training personnel described in 
subparagraph (A), and the acquisition, operation, and 
maintenance of equipment used by such personnel. 
"(C) The costs of performing background investigations 
of personnel described in subparagraphs (A), (D), (F), and 
(G). 
"(D) The costs of the Federal air marshals program. 
"(E) The costs of performing civil aviation security 
research and development under this title. 
"(F) The costs of Federal Security Managers under 
section 44903. 
"(G) The costs of deploying Federal law enforcement 
personnel pursuant to section 44903(h). 
The amount of such costs shall be determined by the Under 
Secretary and shall not be subject to judicial review. 
"(2) AIR CARRIER FEES.— 
"(A) AUTHORITY.—In addition to the fee imposed pursu-
ant to paragraph (1), and only to the extent that the 
Under Secretary estimates that such fee will be insufficient 
to pay for the costs of providing civil aviation security 
services described in paragraph (1), the Under Secretary 
may impose a fee on air carriers and foreign air carriers 
engaged in air transportation and intrastate air transpor-
tation to pay for the difference between any such costs 
and the amount collected from such fee, as estimated by 
the Under Secretary at the beginning of each fiscal year. 
The estimates of the Under Secretary under this subpara-
graph are not subject to judicial review. 
"(B) LIMITATIONS.— 
"(i) OVERALL LIMIT.—The amounts of fees collected 
under this paragraph for each fiscal year may not 
exceed, in the aggregate, the amounts paid in calendar 
year 2000 by carriers described in subparagraph (A) 
for screening passengers and property, as determined 
by the Under Secretary. 
"(ii) PER-CARRIER LIMIT.—The amount of fees col-
lected under this paragraph from an air carrier 
described in subparagraph (A) for each of fiscal years 
2002, 2003, and 2004 may not exceed the amount 
paid in calendar year 2000 by that carrier for screening 
115 STAT. 626 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
Federal Register, 
publication. 
Deadline. 
Federal Register, 
publication. 
passengers and property, as determined by the Under 
Secretary. 
"(iii) ADJUSTMENT OF PER-CARRIER LIMIT.—For fis-
cal year 2005 and subsequent fiscal years, the per-
carrier limitation under clause (ii) may be determined 
by the Under Secretary on the basis of market share 
or any other appropriate measure in lieu of actual 
screening costs in calendar year 2000. 
"(iv) FINALITY OF DETERMINATIONS.—Determina-
tions of the Under Secretary under this subparagraph 
are not subject to judicial review. 
"(C) SPECIAL RULE FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002.—The amount 
of fees collected under this paragraph from any carrier 
for fiscal year 2002 may not exceed the amounts paid 
by that carrier for screening passengers and property for 
a period of time in calendar year 2000 proportionate to 
the period of time in fiscal year 2002 during which fees 
are collected under this paragraph. 
"(b) SCHEDULE OF FEES.—In imposing fees under subsection 
(a), the Under Secretary shall ensure that the fees are reasonably 
related to the Transportation Security Administration's costs of 
providing services rendered. 
"(c) LIMITATION ON FEE.—Fees imposed under subsection (a)(1) 
may not exceed $2.50 per enplanement in air transportation or 
intrastate air transportation that originates at an airport in the 
United States, except that the total amount of such fees may 
not exceed $5.00 per one-way trip. 
"(d) IMPOSITION OF FEE.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 9701 of title 
31 and the procedural requirements of section 553 of title 
5, the Under Secretary shall impose the fee under subsection 
(a)(1), and may impose a fee under subsection (a)(2), through 
the publication of notice of such fee in the Federal Register 
and begin collection of the fee within 60 days of the date 
of enactment of this Act, or as soon as possible thereafter. 
"(2) SPECIAL RULES PASSENGER FEES.—^A fee imposed under 
subsection (a)(1) through the procedures under subsection (d) 
shall apply only to tickets sold after the date on which such 
fee is imposed. If a fee imposed under subsection (a)(1) through 
the procedures under subsection (d) on transportation of a 
passenger of a carrier described in subsection (a)(1) is not 
collected from the passenger, the amount of the fee shall be 
paid by the carrier. 
"(3) SUBSEQUENT MODIFICATION OF FEE.—^After imposing 
a fee in accordance with paragraph (1), the Under Secretary 
may modify, from time to time through publication of notice 
in the Federal Register, the imposition or collection of such 
fee, or both. 
"(4) LIMITATION ON COLLECTION.—No fee may be collected 
under this section except to the extent that the expenditure 
of the fee to pay the costs of activities and services for which 
the fee is imposed is provided for in advance in an appropria-
tions Act. 
"(e) ADMINISTRATION OF FEES.— 
"(1) FEES PAYABLE TO UNDER SECRETARY.—^All fees imposed 
and amounts collected under this section are payable to the 
Under Secretary. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 627 
"(2) FEES COLLECTED BY AIR CARRIER.—^A fee imposed under 
subsection (a)(1) shall be collected by the air carrier or foreign 
air carrier that sells a ticket for transportation described in 
subsection (a)(1). 
"(3) DUE DATE FOR REMITTANCE.—^A fee collected under 
this section shall be remitted on the last day of each calendar 
month by the carrier collecting the fee. The amount to be 
remitted shall be for the calendar month preceding the calendar 
month in which the remittance is made. 
"(4) INFORMATION.—The Under Secretary may require the 
provision of such information as the Under Secretary decides 
is necessary to verify that fees have been collected and remitted 
at the proper times and in the proper amounts. 
"(5) FEE NOT SUBJECT TO TAX.—For purposes of section 
4261 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 (26 U.S.C. 4261), 
a fee imposed under this section shall not be considered to 
be part of the amount paid for taxable transportation. 
"(6) COST OF COLLECTING FEE.—No portion of the fee col-
lected under this section may be retained by the air carrier 
or foreign air carrier for the costs of collecting, handling, or 
remitting the fee except for interest accruing to the carrier 
after collection and before remittance. 
"(f) RECEIPTS CREDITED AS OFFSETTING COLLECTIONS.—Not-
withstanding section 3302 of title 31, any fee collected under this 
section— 
"(1) shall be credited as offsetting collections to the account 
that finances the activities and services for which the fee is 
imposed; 
"(2) shall be available for expenditure only to pay the 
costs of activities and services for which the fee is imposed; 
and 
"(3) shall remain available until expended. 
"(g) REFUNDS.—The Under Secretary may refund any fee paid 
by mistake or any amount paid in excess of that required. 
"(h) EXEMPTIONS.—The Under Secretary may exempt from the 
passenger fee imposed under subsection (a)(1) any passenger 
enplaning at an airport in the United States that does not receive 
screening services under section 44901 for that segment of the 
trip for which the passenger does not receive screening.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis for such chapter 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"44940. Security service fee.". 
(c) SPECIFIC AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Part C of subtitle VII of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"CHAPTER 483—AVIATION SECURITY FUNDING 
"Sec. 
"48301. Aviation security funding. 
"§ 48301. Aviation security funding 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
for fiscal years 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005 such sums as may 
be necessary to carry out chapter 449 and related aviation security 
activities under this title. Any amounts appropriated pursuant to 
115 STAT. 628 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
this section for fiscal year 2002 shall remain available until 
expended. 
"(b) GRANTS FOR AIRCRAFT SECURITY.—There is authorized to 
be appropriated $500,000,000 for fiscal year 2002 to the Secretary 
of Transportation to make grants to or other agreements with 
air carriers (including intrastate air carriers) to— 
"(1) fortify cockpit doors to deny access from the cabin 
to the pilots in the cockpit; 
"(2) provide for the use of video monitors or other devices 
to alert the cockpit crew to activity in the passenger cabin; 
"(3) ensure continuous operation of the aircraft transponder 
in the event the crew faces an emergency; and 
"(4) provide for the use of other innovative technologies 
to enhance aircraft security.". 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The subtitle analysis for 
subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, is amended by 
inserting after the item relating to chapter 482 the following: 
"483. Aviation Security Funding 
48301". 
SEC. 119. INCREASED FUNDING FLEXIBILITY FOR AVIATION SECU-
RITY. 
(a) LIMITED USE OF AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM FUNDS.— 
(1) AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT FUNDS.—Section 47102(3) of title 
49, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
"(J) in fiscal year 2002, any additional security related 
activity required by law or by the Secretary after Sep-
tember 11, 2001, and before October 1, 2002. 
"(K) in fiscal year 2002 with respect to funds appor-
tioned under section 47114 in fiscal years 2001 and 2002, 
any activity, including operational activities, of an airport 
that is not a primary airport if that airport is located 
within the confines of enhanced class B airspace, as defined 
by Notice to Airmen FDC 1/0618 issued by the Federal 
Aviation Administration and the activity was carried out 
when any restriction in the Notice is in effect. 
"(L) in fiscal year 2002, payments for debt service 
on indebtedness incurred to carry out a project at an airport 
owned or controlled by the sponsor or at a privately owned 
or operated airport passenger terminal financed by indebt-
edness incurred by the sponsor if the Secretary determines 
that such payments are necessary to prevent a default 
on the indebtedness.". 
(2) ALLOWABLE COSTS.—Section 47110(b)(2) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by striking "or" in subparagraph (B); 
(B) by inserting "or" after "executed;" in subparagraph 
(C); and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
"(D) if the cost is incurred after September 11, 2001, 
for a project described in section 47102(3)(J), 47102(3)(K), 
or 47102(3)(L) and shall not depend upon the date of execu-
tion of a grant agreement made under this subchapter;". 
(3) DISCRETIONARY GRANTS.—Section 47115 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 629 
"(i) CONSIDERATIONS FOR PROJECT UNDER EXPANDED SECURITY 
ELIGIBILITY.—In order to assure that funding under this subchapter 
is provided to the greatest needs, the Secretary, in selecting a 
project described in section 47102(3)(J) for a grant, shall consider 
the non-federal resources available to sponsor, the use of such 
non-federal resources, and the degree to which the sponsor is pro-
viding increased funding for the project.". 
(4) FEDERAL SHARE.—Section 47109(a) of title 49, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(A) by striking "and" in paragraph (3); 
(B) by striking "47134." in paragraph (4) and inserting 
"47134; and"; and 
, 
, 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
"(5) for fiscal year 2002, 100 percent for a project described 
in section 47102(3)(J), 47102(3)(K), or 47102(3)(L).". 
(5) AIRPORT DEVELOPMENT.—Section 47102(3)(B) of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by striking "and" at the end of clause (viii); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of clause (ix) 
and inserting "; and"; and 
(C) by inserting after clause (ix) the following new 
clause: 
"(x) replacement of baggage conveyor systems, and 
reconfiguration of terminal baggage areas, that the 
Secretary determines are necessary to install bulk 
explosive detection devices.". 
(b) APPORTIONED FUNDS.—For the purpose of carrying out sec- 
49 use 47114 
tion 47114 of title 49, United States Code, for fiscal year 2003, note. 
the Secretary shall use, in lieu of passenger boardings at an airport 
during the prior calendar year, the greater of— 
(1) the number of passenger boardings at that airport 
during 2000; or 
(2) the number of passenger boardings at that airport 
during 2001. 
(c) 
EXPEDITED 
PROCESSING 
OF 
SECURITY-RELATED 
P F C 
REQUESTS.—The Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administra-
tion shall, to the extent feasible, expedite the processing and 
approval of passenger facility fee requests under subchapter I of 
chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, for projects described 
in section 47192(3)(J) of title 49, United States Code. 
(d) AMENDMENT OF GENERAL FEE SCHEDULE PROVISION.—Sec-
tion 45301(b)(1)(B) of title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking "directly" and inserting "reasonably"; 
(2) by striking "Administration's costs" and inserting 
"Administration's costs, as determined by the Administrator,"; 
and 
(3) by adding at the end "The Determination of such costs 
by the Administrator is not subject to judicial review.". 
SEC. 120. CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPON DETECTION. 
Section 44903(c)(2)(C) of title 49, United States Code, is 
amended to read as follows: 
"(C) 
MAXIMUM USE OF CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL 
WEAPON 
DETECTION 
EQUIPMENT.—The 
Secretary 
of 
Transportation may require airports to maximize the use 
of technology and equipment that is designed to detect 
or neutralize potential chemical or biological weapons.". 
115 STAT. 630 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
49 u s e 44903 
SEC. 121. AUTHORIZATION OF FUNDS FOR REIMBURSEMENT OF AIR-
note. 
PORTS FOR SECURITY MANDATES. 
(a) AIRPORT SECURITY.—There is authorized to be appropriated 
to the Secretary of Transportation for fiscal years 2002 and 2003 
a total of $1,500,000,000 to reimburse airport operators, on-airport 
parking lots, and vendors of on-airfield direct services to air carriers 
for direct costs incurred by such operators to comply with new, 
additional, or revised security requirements imposed on such opera-
tors by the Federal Aviation Administration or Transportation Secu-
rity Administration on or after September 11, 2001. Such sums 
shall remain available until expended. 
(b) DOCUMENTATION OF COSTS; AUDIT.—The Secretary may 
not 
reimburse an airport operator, on-airport parking lot, or vendor 
of on-airfield direct services to air carriers under this section for 
any cost for which the airport operator, on-airport parking lot, 
or vendor of on-airfield direct services does not demonstrate to 
the satisfaction of the Secretary, using sworn financial statements 
or other appropriate data, that— 
(1) the cost is eligible for reimbursement under subsection 
(a); and 
(2) the cost was incurred by the airport operator, on-airport 
parking lot, or vendor of on-airfield direct services to air car-
riers. 
The Inspector General of the Department of Transportation and 
the Comptroller General of the United States may audit such state-
ments and may request any other information necessary to conduct 
such an audit. 
Deadline. 
(c) CLAIM PROCEDURE.—^Within 30 days after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Secretary, after consultation with airport 
operators, on-airport parking lots, and vendors of on-airfleld direct 
services to air carriers, shall publish in the Federal Register the 
procedures for filing claims for reimbursement under this section 
of eligible costs incurred by airport operators. 
SEC. 122. SENSE OF THE CONGRESS. 
It is the sense of the Congress that— 
(1) an airport receiving Federal financial assistance should 
meet with the tenants of the airport (other than air carriers 
and foreign air carriers) to discuss adjustments of the rent 
of the tenants to account for losses in revenue incurred by 
the tenants on and after September 11, 2001; 
(2) an air carrier that received financial assistance under 
the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act 
or under title 49, United States Code, since September 11, 
2001, should meet with airport operators to discuss payment 
of applicable rates, charges, and fees; and 
(3) the Federal Aviation Administration should maintain 
its current restriction on carry-on baggage of 1 bag and 1 
personal item. 
SEC. 123. AIRPORT IMPROVEMENT PROGRAMS. 
49 use 47106. 
(a) COMPETITION PLAN.—Section 47106(f) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: 
"(3) SPECIAL RULE FOR FISCAL YEAR 2002.—This subsection 
does not apply to any passenger facility fee approved, or grant 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 631 
made, in fiscal year 2002 if the fee or grant is to be used 
to improve security at a covered airport.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO AIRPORT AND AIRWAY TRUST 
FUND.—Section 9502(d)(1)(A) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 
(relating to airport and airway program) is amended by inserting 
"or the Aviation and Transportation Security Act" after "21st Cen-
tury". 
SEC. 124. TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS. 
(a) REPORT DEADLINE.—Section 106(a) of the Air Transportation 
Safety and System Stabilization Act (Public Law 107-42) is 
amended by striking "February 1, 2001" and inserting "February 
1, 2002". 
(b) 
INSURANCE AND REINSURANCE OF AIRCRAFT.—Section 
44306(c) (as redesignated by section 201(d) of such Act) is amended 
by inserting "in the interest of air commerce or national security 
or" before "to carry out foreign policy". 
(c) FEDERAL CREDIT INSTRUMENTS.—Section 102(c)(2)(A) of such 
Act is amended by striking "representatives" and inserting "rep-
resentations". 
(d) MAXIMUM AMOUNT OF COMPENSATION PAYABLE PER AIR 
CARRIER.—Section 103 of such Act is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
"(d) COMPENSATION FOR CERTAIN AIR CARRIERS.— 
"(1) SET-ASIDE.—The President may set aside a portion 
of the amount of compensation payable to air carriers under 
section 101(a)(2) to provide compensation to classes of air car-
riers, such as air tour operators and air ambulances (including 
hospitals operating air ambulances) for whom the application 
of a distribution formula containing available seat miles as 
a factor would inadequately reflect their share of direct and 
incremental 
losses. 
The 
President 
shall 
reduce 
the 
$4,500,000,000 specified in subsection (b)(2)(A)(i) by the amount 
set aside under this subsection. 
"(2) DISTRIBUTION OF AMOUNTS.—The President shall dis-
tribute the amount set aside under this subsection proportion-
ally among such air carriers based on an appropriate auditable 
measure, as determined by the President.". 
SEC. 125. ENCOURAGING AIRLINE EMPLOYEES TO REPORT 
SUS-
PICIOUS ACTIVITIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting at the end the fol-
lowing: 
"§ 44941. Immunity for reporting suspicious activities 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—^Any air carrier or foreign air carrier or 
any employee of an air carrier or foreign air carrier who makes 
a voluntary disclosure of any suspicious transaction relevant to 
a possible violation of law or regulation, relating to air piracy, 
a threat to aircraft or passenger safety, or terrorism, as defined 
by section 3077 of title 18, United States Code, to any employee 
or agent of the Department of Transportation, the Department 
of Justice, any Federal, State, or local law enforcement officer, 
or any airport or airline security officer shall not be civilly liable 
to any person under any law or regulation of the United States, 
any constitution, law, or regulation of any State or political subdivi-
sion of any State, for such disclosure. 
26 u s e 9502. 
49 u s e 40101 
note. 
49 u s e 44306. 
49 u s e 40101 
note. 
49 u s e 40101 
note. 
President. 
115 STAT. 632 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
Deadline. 
Regulations. 
Guidelines. 
49 u s e 40101 
note. 
"(b) APPLICATION.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to— 
"(1) any disclosure made with actual knowledge that the 
disclosure was false, inaccurate, or misleading; or 
"(2) any disclosure made with reckless disregard as to 
the truth or falsity of that disclosure.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The chapter analysis for such 
chapter is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"44941. Immunity for reporting suspicious activities.". 
SEC. 126. LESS-THAN-LETHAL WEAPONRY FOR FLIGHT DECK CREWS. 
(a) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF JUSTICE STUDY.—The National 
Institute of Justice shall assess the range of less-than-lethal weap-
onry available for use by a flight deck crewmember temporarily 
to incapacitate Ein individual who presents a clear and present 
danger to the safety of the aircraft, its passengers, or individuals 
on the ground and report its findings and recommendations to 
the Secretary of Transportation within 90 days after the date of 
enactment of this Act. 
(b) ARMING FLIGHT DECK CREW.—Section 44903 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(h) AUTHORITY TO ARM FLIGHT DECK CREW WITH LESS-THAN-
LETHAL WEAPONS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—If the Secretary, after receiving the rec-
ommendations of the National Institute of Justice, determines, 
with the approval of the Attorney General and the Secretary 
of State, that it is appropriate and necessary and would effec-
tively serve the public interest in avoiding air piracy, the Sec-
retary may authorize members of the flight deck crew on any 
aircraft providing air transportation or intrastate air transpor-
tation to carry a less-than-lethal weapon while the aircraft 
is engaged in providing such transportation. 
"(2) USAGE.—If the Secretary grants authority under para-
graph (1) for flight deck crew members to carry a less-than-
lethal weapon while engaged in providing air transportation 
or intrastate air transportation, the Secretary shall— 
"(A) prescribe rules requiring that any such crew 
member be trained in the proper use of the weapon; and 
"(B) 
prescribe 
guidelines 
setting 
forth 
the 
cir-
cumstances under which such weapons may be used.". 
SEC. 127. MAIL AND FREIGHT WAIVERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—During a national emergency affecting 
air transportation or intrastate air transportation, the Sec-
retary of Transportation, after consultation with the Transpor-
tation Security Oversight Board, may grant a complete or 
partial waiver of any restrictions on the carriage by aircraft 
of freight, mail, emergency medical supplies, personnel, or 
patients on aircraft, imposed by the Department of Transpor-
tation (or other Federal agency or department) that would 
permit such carriage of freight, mail, emergency medical sup-
plies, personnel, or patients on flights, to, from, or within 
a State if the Secretary determines that— 
(1) extraordinary air transportation needs or concerns exist; 
and 
(2) the waiver is in the public interest, taking into consider-
ation the isolation of and dependence on air transportation 
of the State. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 633 
(b) LIMITATIONS.—The Secretary may impose reasonable limita-
tions on any such waiver. 
SEC. 128. FLIGHT DECK SECURITY. 
The pilot of a passenger aircraft operated by an air carrier 
in air transportation or intrastate air transportation is authorized 
to carry a firearm into the cockpit i
f
— 
(1) the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security 
approves; 
(2) the air carrier approves; 
(3) the firearm is approved by the Under Secretary; and 
(4) the pilot has received proper training for the use of 
the firearm, as determined by the Under Secretary. 
SEC. 129. AMENDMENTS TO AIRMEN REGISTRY AUTHORITY. 
Section 44703(g) of title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in the first sentence of paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking "pilots" and inserting "airmen"; and 
(B) by striking the period and inserting "and related 
to combating acts of terrorism."; and 
(2) by adding at the end, the following new paragraphs: 
"(3) For purposes of this section, the term 'acts of terrorism' 
means an activity that involves a violent act or an act dangerous 
to human life that is a violation of the criminal laws of the United 
States or of any State, or that would be a criminal violation if 
committed within the jurisdiction of the United States or of any 
State, and appears to be intended to intimidate or coerce a civilian 
population to influence the policy of a government by intimidation 
or coercion or to affect the conduct of a government by assassination 
or kidnaping. 
"(4) The Administrator is authorized and directed to work with 
State and local authorities, and other Federal agencies, to assist 
in the identification of individuals applying for or holding airmen 
certificates.". 
SEC. 130. RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT. 
Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"§ 44942. Performance goals and objectives 
"(a) SHORT TERM TRANSITION.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Within 180 days after the date of enact-
ment of the Aviation and Transportation Security Act, the 
Under Secretary for Transportation Security may, in consulta-
tion with Congress— 
"(A) establish acceptable levels of performance for avia-
tion security, including screening operations and access 
control, and 
"(B) provide Congress with an action plan, containing 
measurable goals and milestones, that outlines how those 
levels of performance will be achieved. 
"(2) BASICS OF ACTION PLAN.—The action plan shall clarify 
the responsibilities of the Transportation Security Administra-
tion, the Federal Aviation Administration and any other agency 
or organization that may have a role in ensuring the safety 
and security of the civil air transportation system. 
"(b) LONG-TERM RESULTS-BASED MANAGEMENT.— 
"(1) PERFORMANCE PLAN AND REPORT.— 
49 u s e 44903 
note. 
Deadline. 
115 STAT. 634 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
"(A) PERFORMANCE PLAN.— 
"(i) Each year, consistent with the requirements 
of the Government Performance and Results Act of 
1993 (GPRA), the Secretary and the Under Secretary 
for Transportation Security shall agree on a perform-
ance plan for the succeeding 5 years that establishes 
measurable goals and objectives for aviation security. 
The plan shall identify action steps necessary to 
achieve such goals. 
"(ii) In addition to meeting the requirements of 
GPRA, the performance plan should clarify the respon-
sibilities of the Secretary, the Under Secretary for 
Transportation Security and any other agency or 
organization that may have a role in ensuring the 
safety and security of the civil air transportation 
system. 
"(B) PERFORMANCE REPORT.—Each year, consistent 
with the requirements of GPRA, the Under Secretary for 
Transportation Security shall prepare and submit to Con-
gress an annual report including an evaluation of the extent 
goals and objectives were met. The report shall include 
the results achieved during the year relative to the goals 
established in the performance plan. 
"§ 44943. Performance management system 
"(a) ESTABLISHING A FAIR AND EQUITABLE SYSTEM FOR MEAS-
URING STAFF PERFORMANCE.—The Under Secretary for Transpor-
tation Security shall establish a performance management system 
which strengthens the organization's effectiveness by providing for 
the establishment of goals and objectives for managers, employees, 
and organizational performance consistent with the performance 
plan. 
"(b) ESTABLISHING MANAGEMENT ACCOUNTABILITY FOR MEETING 
PERFORMANCE GOALS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Each year, the Secretary and Under 
Secretary of Transportation for Security shall enter into an 
annual performance agreement that shall set forth organiza-
tional and individual performance goals for the Under Sec-
retary. 
"(2) GOALS.—Each year, the Under Secretary and each 
senior manager who reports to the Under Secretary shall enter 
into an annual performance agreement that sets forth organiza-
tion and individual goals for those managers. All other 
employees hired under the authority of the Under Secretary 
shall enter into an annual performance agreement that sets 
forth organization and individual goals for those employees. 
"(c) 
PERFORMANCE-BASED SERVICE 
CONTRACTING.—To 
the 
extent contracts, if any, are used to implement the Aviation Security 
Act, the Under Secretary for Transportation Security shall, to the 
extent practical, maximize the use of performance-based service 
contracts. These contracts should be consistent with guidelines pub-
lished by the Office of Federal Procurement Policy.". 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 635 
SEC. 131. VOLUNTARY PROVISION OF EMERGENCY SERVICES DURING 
COMMERCIAL FLIGHTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter II of chapter 449 of title 49, 
United States Code, is amended by adding at the end the following 
new section: 
"§ 44944. Voluntary provision of emergency services 
"(a) PROGRAM FOR PROVISION OF VOLUNTARY SERVICES.— 
"(1) PROGRAM.—The Under Secretary of Transportation for 
Transportation Security shall carry out a program to permit 
qualified law enforcement officers, firefighters, and emergency 
medical technicians to provide emergency services on commer-
cial air flights during emergencies. 
"(2) REQUIREMENTS.—The Under Secretary shall establish 
such requirements for qualifications of providers of voluntary 
services under the program under paragraph (1), including 
training requirements, as the Under Secretary considers appro-
priate. 
"(3) CONFIDENTIALITY OF REGISTRY.—If as part of the pro-
gram under paragraph (1) the Under Secretary requires or 
permits registration of law enforcement officers, firefighters, 
or emergency medical technicians who are willing to provide 
emergency services on commercial flights during emergencies, 
the Under Secretary shall take appropriate actions to ensure 
that the registry is available only to appropriate airline per-
sonnel and otherwise remains confidential. 
"(4) CONSULTATION.—The Under Secretary shall consult 
with appropriate representatives of the commercial airline 
industry, and organizations representing community-based law 
enforcement, firefighters, and emergency medical technicians, 
in carrying out the program under paragraph (1), including 
the actions taken under paragraph (3). 
"(b) EXEMPTION FROM LIABILITY.—^An individual shall not be 
liable for damages in any action brought in a Federal or State 
court that arises from an act or omission of the individual in 
providing or attempting to provide assistance in the case of an 
in-flight emergency in an aircraft of an air carrier if the individual 
meets such qualifications as the Under Secretary shall prescribe 
for purposes of this section. 
"(c) EXCEPTION.—The exemption under subsection (b) shall not 
apply in any case in which an individual provides, or attempts 
to provide, assistance described in that paragraph in a manner 
that constitutes gross negligence or willful misconduct.". 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of sections at the begin-
ning of such chapter is amended by adding at the end the following 
new item: 
"44944. Voluntary provision of emergency services.". 
(c) CONSTRUCTION REGARDING POSSESSION OF FIREARMS.— 
Nothing in this section may be construed to require any modification 
of regulations of the Department of Transportation governing the 
possession of firearms while in aircraft or air transportation facili-
ties or to authorize the possession of a firearm in an aircraft 
or any such facility not authorized under those regulations. 
SEC. 132. GENERAL AVIATION AND AIR CHARTERS. 
(a) AIR CHARTER PROGRAM.—^Within 90 days after the date 
of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation 
49 use 44944 
note. 
Deadline. 
49 use 44903 
note. 
115 STAT. 636 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
49 u s e 40102 
note. 
for Transportation Security shall implement an aviation security 
program for charter air carriers (as defined in section 40102(a)(13) 
of title 49, United States Code) with a maximum certificated takeoff 
weight of 12,500 pounds or more. 
Deadline. 
(b) GENERAL AVIATION PROGRAM.—Within 30 days after the 
Reports. 
date of enactment of this Act, the Under Secretary of Transportation 
for Transportation Security shall transmit a report on airspace 
and other security measures that can be deployed, as necessary, 
to improve general aviation security to the Senate Committee on 
Commerce, Science, and Transportation and the House of Rep-
resentatives Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure. The 
Under Secretary may submit the report in both classified and 
redacted forms. 
SEC. 133. DEFINITIONS. 
Except as otherwise explicitly provided, any term used in this 
title that is defined in section 40102 of title 49, United States 
Code, has the meaning given that term in that section. 
SEC. 134. SENSE OF CONGRESS ON CERTAIN AVIATION MATTERS. 
(a) FLIGHT SERVICE STATION EMPLOYEES.—It is the sense of 
Congress that the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration should continue negotiating in good faith with flight service 
station employees of the Administration with a goal of reaching 
agreement on a contract as soon as possible. 
(b) WAR RISK INSURANCE.—It is the sense of Congress that 
the Secretary of Transportation should implement section 202 of 
the Air Transportation Safety and System Stabilization Act (Public 
Law 107-42) so as to make war risk insurance directly available 
to vendors, agents, and subcontractors of air carriers for all of 
their domestic operations. 
SEC. 135. SENSE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. 
It is the sense of the House of Representatives that— 
(1) the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security 
should develop security procedures to allow passengers trans-
porting a musical instrument on a flight of an air carrier 
to transport the instrument in the passenger cabin of the 
aircraft, notwithstanding any size or other restriction on carry-
on baggage but subject to such other reasonable security proce-
dures, terms, and conditions as may be established by the 
Under Secretary or the air carrier, including imposing addi-
tional charges by the air carrier; and 
(2) an air carrier that transports mail under a contract 
with the United States Postal Service should transport any 
animal that the Postal Service allows to be shipped through 
the mail. 
SEC. 136. SHORT-TERM 
ASSESSMENT 
AND 
DEPLOYMENT 
OF 
EMERGING SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES. 
Section 44903 of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: 
"(i) SHORT-TERM ASSESSMENT AND DEPLOYMENT OF EMERGING 
SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES.— 
Deadline. 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Under Secretary of Transportation 
for Security shall recommend to airport operators, within 6 
months after the date of enactment of the Aviation and 
Transportation Security Act, commercially available measures 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 637 
or procedures to prevent access to secure airport areas by 
unauthorized persons. As part of the 6-month assessment, the 
Under Secretary for Transportation Security shall— 
"(A) review the effectiveness of biometrics systems cur-
rently in use at several United States airports, including 
San Francisco International; 
"(B) review the effectiveness of increased surveillance 
at access points; 
"(C) review the effectiveness of card- or keypad-based 
access systems; 
"(D) review the effectiveness of airport emergency exit 
systems and determine whether those that lead to secure 
areas of the airport should be monitored or how breaches 
can be swiftly responded to; and 
"(E) specifically target the elimination of the "piggy-
backing" phenomenon, where another person follows an 
authorized person through the access point. 
The 6-month assessment shall include a 12-month deployment 
strategy for currently available technology at all category X 
airports, as defined in the Federal Aviation Administration 
approved air carrier security programs required under part 
108 of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations. Not later than Deadline. 
18 months after the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary 
of Transportation shall conduct a review of reductions in 
unauthorized access at these airports. 
"(2) 
COMPUTER-ASSISTED 
PASSENGER 
PRESCREENING 
SYSTEM.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—^The Secretary of Transportation 
shall 
ensure 
that 
the 
Computer-Assisted 
Passenger 
Prescreening System, or any successor system— 
"(i) is used to evaluate all passengers before they 
board an aircraft; and 
"(ii) includes procedures to ensure that individuals 
selected by the system and their carry-on and checked 
baggage are adequately screened. 
"(B) MODIFICATIONS.—The Secretary of Transportation 
may modify any requirement under the Computer-Assisted 
Passenger Prescreening System for flights that originate 
and terminate within the same State, if the Secretary 
determines that— 
"(i) the State has extraordinary air transportation 
needs or concerns due to its isolation and dependence 
on air transportation; and 
"(ii) the routine characteristics of passengers, given 
the nature of the market, regularly triggers primary 
selectee status.". 
SEC. 137. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT OF AVIATION SECURITY 
TECHNOLOGY. 
(a) FUNDING.—To augment the programs authorized in section 
44912(a)(1) of title 49, United States Code, there is authorized 
to be appropriated an additional $50,000,000 for each of fiscal 
years 2002 through 2006 and such sums as are necessary for 
each fiscal year thereafter to the Transportation Security Adminis-
tration, for research, development, testing, and evaluation of the 
following technologies which may enhance aviation security in the 
future. Grants to industry, academia, and Government entities to 
49 u s e 44912 
note. 
115 STAT. 638 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
Deadline. 
Appropriation 
authorization. 
carry out the provisions of this section shall be available for fiscal 
years 2002 and 2003 for— 
(1) the acceleration of research, development, testing, and 
evaluation of explosives detection technology for checked bag-
gage, specifically, technology that is— 
(A) more cost-effective for deployment for explosives 
detection in checked baggage at small- to medium-sized 
airports, and is currently under development as part of 
the Argus research program at the Transportation Security 
Administration; 
(B) faster, to facilitate screening of all checked baggage 
at larger airports; or 
(C) more accurate, to reduce the number of false 
positives requiring additional security measures; 
(2) acceleration of research, development, testing, and 
evaluation of new screening technology for carry-on items to 
provide more effective means of detecting and identifying 
weapons, explosives, and components of weapons of mass 
destruction, including advanced x-ray technology; 
(3) acceleration of research, development, testing, and 
evaluation of threat screening technology for other categories 
of items being loaded onto aircraft, including cargo, catering, 
and duty-free items; 
(4) acceleration of research, development, testing, and 
evaluation of threats carried on persons boarding aircraft or 
entering secure areas, including detection of weapons, explo-
sives, and components of weapons of mass destruction; 
(5) acceleration of research, development, testing and 
evaluation of integrated systems of airport security enhance-
ment, including quantitative methods of assessing security fac-
tors at airports selected for testing such systems; 
(6) expansion of the existing program of research, develop-
ment, testing, and evaluation of improved methods of education, 
training, and testing of key airport security personnel; and 
(7) acceleration of research, development, testing, and 
evaluation of aircraft hardening materials, and techniques to 
reduce the vulnerability of aircraft to terrorist attack. 
(b) GRANTS.—Grants awarded under this subtitle shall identify 
potential outcomes of the research, and propose a method for quan-
titatively assessing effective increases in security upon completion 
of the research program. At the conclusion of each grant, the grant 
recipient shall submit a final report to the Transportation Security 
Administration that shall include sufficient information to permit 
the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security to prepare a 
cost-benefit analysis of potential improvements to airport security 
based upon deployment of the proposed technology. The Under 
Secretary shall begin awarding grants under this subtitle within 
90 days of the date of enactment of this Act. 
(c) BUDGET SUBMISSION.—^A budget submission and detailed 
strategy for deploying the identified security upgrades recommended 
upon completion of the grants awarded under subsection (b), shall 
be submitted to Congress as part of the Department of Transpor-
tation's annual budget submission. 
(d) DEFENSE RESEARCH.—There is authorized to be appro-
priated $20,000,000 to the Transportation Security Administration 
to issue research grants in conjunction with the Defense Advanced 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 639 
Research Projects Agency. Grants may be awarded under this sec-
tion for— 
(1) research and development of longer-term improvements 
to airport security, including advanced weapons detection; 
(2) secure networking and sharing of threat information 
between Federal agencies, law enforcement entities, and other 
appropriate parties; 
(3) advances in biometrics for identification and threat 
assessment; or 
(4) other technologies for preventing acts of terrorism in 
aviation. 
SEC. 138. EMPLOYMENT INVESTIGATIONS AND RESTRICTIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 44936 of title 49, United States Code, 
is amended— 
(1) by inserting "and a review of available law enforcement 
data bases and records of other governmental and international 
agencies to the extent determined practicable by the Under 
Secretary of Transportation for Transportation Security," after 
"check" in subsection (a)(1)(A); 
(2) by striking "in any case described in subparagraph 
(C)" in subsection (a)(1)(B) and inserting "and a review of 
available law enforcement data bases and records of other 
governmental and international agencies to the extent deter-
mined practicable by the Under Secretary of Transportation 
for Transportation Security"; 
(3) by striking "will be" in subsection (a)(l)(B)(i) and 
inserting "are"; 
(4) by striking "and" after the semicolon in clause (ii) 
of subsection (a)(1)(B); 
(5) by redesignating clause (iii) of subsection (a)(1)(B) as 
clause (iv); 
(6) by inserting after clause (ii) of subsection (a)(1)(B) the 
following: 
"(iii) individuals who regularly have escorted 
access to aircraft of an air carrier or foreign air carrier 
or a secured area of an airport in the United States 
the Administrator designates that serves an air carrier 
or foreign air carrier; and"; 
(7) by striking subparagraphs (C), (D), and (E) of subsection 
(a)(1) and redesignating subparagraph (F) as subparagraph 
(D); 
(8) by inserting after subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1) 
the following: 
"(C) BACKGROUND CHECKS OF CURRENT EMPLOYEES.— 
"(i) A new background check (including a criminal 
history record check and a review of available law 
enforcement data bases and records of other govern-
mental and international agencies to the extent deter-
mined practicable by the Under Secretary of Transpor-
tation for Transportation Security shall be required 
for any individual who is employed in a position 
described in subparagraphs (A) and (B) on the date 
of enactment of the Aviation and Transportation Secu-
rity Act. 
"(ii) The Under Secretary may provide by order 
(without regard to the provisions of chapter 5 of title 
115 STAT. 640 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
5, United States Code) for a phased-in implementation 
of the requirements of this subparagraph."; 
(9) by striking "107.3 l(m)" in subparagraph (D), as redesig-
nated, and inserting " 107.3 l(m)(l) or (2)"; 
(10) by striking "the date of enactment of this subpara-
graph." in subparagraph (D), as redesignated, and inserting 
"November 22, 2000. The Under Secretary shall work with 
the International Civil Aviation Organization and with appro-
priate authorities of foreign countries to ensure that individuals 
exempted under this subparagraph do not pose a threat to 
aviation or national security."; 
(11) by striking "carrier, or airport operator" in subsection 
(a)(2) and inserting "carrier, airport operator, or government"; 
(12) by striking "carrier, or airport operator" in subsection 
(b)(1) and inserting "carrier, airport operator, or government"; 
(13) by striking "carrier, or airport operator" in subsection 
(b)(3) and inserting "carrier, airport operator, or government"; 
and 
(14) by adding at the end of subsection (c)(1) "All Federal 
agencies shall cooperate with the Under Secretary and the 
Under Secretary's designee in the process of collecting and 
submitting fingerprints.". 
(b) RECORDS OF EMPLOYMENT OF PILOT APPLICANTS.—Part A 
of subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by moving subsections (f), (g), and (h) of section 44936 
from section 44936, inserting them at the end of section 44703, 
and redesignating them as subsections (h), (i), and (j), respec-
tively; and 
(2) in subsections (i) and (j) of section 44703 (as moved 
to the end of section 44703 by paragraph (1) of this subsection), 
by striking "subsection (f)" each place it appears and inserting 
"subsection (h)". 
SEC. 139. ALCOHOL AND CONTROLLED SUBSTANCE TESTING. 
Chapter 451 of title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
49 use 45102. 
(1) by striking "contract personnel" each place it appears 
and inserting "personnel"; 
49 use 45103. 
(2) by striking "contract employee" each place it appears 
and inserting "employee"; 
(3) in section 45106(c) by striking "contract employees" 
and inserting "employees"; 
(4) by inserting after section 45106 the following: 
"§ 45107. Transportation Security Administration 
"(a) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS RELATING TO TESTING PROGRAMS 
WITH RESPECT TO AIRPORT SECURITY SCREENING PERSONNEL.— 
The authority of the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration under this chapter with respect to programs relating to 
testing of airport security screening personnel are transferred to 
the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security. Notwith-
standing section 45102(a), the regulations prescribed under section 
45102(a) shall require testing of such personnel by their employers 
instead of by air carriers and foreign air carriers. 
"(b) APPLICABILITY OF CHAPTER WITH RESPECT TO EMPLOYEES 
OF ADMINISTRATION.—The provisions of this chapter that apply 
with respect to employees of the Federal Aviation Administration 
whose duties include responsibility for safety-sensitive functions 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 641 
shall apply with respect to employees of the Transportation Security 
Administration whose duties include responsibility for security-sen-
sitive functions. The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security, 
the Transportation Security Administration, and employees of the 
Transportation 
Security Administration 
whose duties 
include 
responsibility for security-sensitive functions shall be subject to 
and comply with such provisions in the same manner and to the 
same extent as the Administrator of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration, the Federal Aviation Administration, and employees of 
the Federal Aviation Administration whose duties include responsi-
bility for safety-sensitive functions, respectively."; and 
(5) in the analysis for such chapter by inserting after 
the item relating to section 45106 the following: 
"45107. Transportation Security Administration.". 
SEC. 140. CONFORMING AMENDMENTS TO SUBTITLE VII. 
(a) RECORDS OF EMPLOYMENT OF PILOT APPLICANTS.—Part A 
of subtitle VII of title 49, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by moving subsections (f), (g), and (h) of section 44936 
from section 44936, inserting them at the end of section 44703, 
and redesignating them as subsections (h), (i), and (j), respec-
tively; and 
(2) in subsections (i) and (j) of section 44703 (as moved 
to the end of section 44703 by paragraph (1) of this subsection), 
by striking "subsection (f)" each place it appears and inserting 
"subsection (h)". 
(b) INVESTIGATIONS AND PROCEDURES.—Chapter 461 of such 
title is amended— 
(1) in each of sections 46101(a)(1), 46102(a), 46103(a), 
46104(a), 46105(a), 46106, 46107(b), and 46110(a) by inserting 
after "(or" the following: "the Under Secretary of Transportation 
for Security with respect to security duties and powers des-
ignated to be carried out by the Under Secretary or"; 
(2) by striking "or Administrator" each place it appears 49USC 
and inserting ", Under Secretary, or Administrator"; 
46101-46105, 
(3) in section 46101(a)(2) by striking "of Transportation 46107,46110. 
or the" and inserting ", Under Secretary, or"; 
(4) in section 46102(b) by striking "and the Administrator" 
and inserting ", the Under Secretary, and the Administrator"; 
(5) in section 46102(c) by striking "and Administrator" 
each place it appears and inserting ", Under Secretary, and 
Administrator"; 
(6) in each of sections 46102(d) and 46104(b) by inserting 
"the Under Secretary," after "Secretary,"; 
(7) in the heading to section 46106 by striking "Secretary 
of Transportation and Administrator of the Federal Avia-
tion 
Administration" 
and 
inserting 
"Department 
of 
Transportation"; and 
(8) in the item relating to section 46106 of the analysis 
for such chapter by striking "Secretary of Transportation and 
Administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration" and 
inserting "Department of Transportation". 
(c) ADMINISTRATIVE.—Section 40113 of such title is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by inserting after "(or" the following: "the Under 
Secretary of Transportation for Security with respect to 
115 STAT. 642 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
security duties and powers designated to be carried out 
by the Under Secretary or"; and 
(B) by striking "or Administrator" and inserting ", 
Under Secretary, or Administrator"; and 
(2) in subsection (d)— 
(A) by inserting after "The" the following: "Under Sec-
retary of Transportation for Security or the"; 
(B) by striking "Administration" the second place it 
appears and inserting "Transportation Security Adminis-
tration or Federal Aviation Administration, as the case 
may be,"; and 
(C) by striking "the Administrator decides" and 
inserting "the Under Secretary or Administrator, as the 
case may be, decides". 
(d) PENALTIES.—Chapter 463 of such title is amended— 
(1) in section 46301(d)(2)— 
(A) by striking ", chapter 449 (except sections 44902, 
44903(d), 44907(a)-(d)(l)(A) and (d)(l)(CHf), 44908, and 
44909),"; 
(B) by inserting after the first sentence the follow-
ing: "The Under Secretary of Transportation for Security 
may impose a civil penalty for a violation of chapter 449 
(except 
sections 
44902, 
44903(d), 
44907(a)-(d)(l)(A), 
44907(d)(l)(C)-(f), 44908, and 44909) or a regulation pre-
scribed or order issued under such chapter 449."; and 
(C) by inserting "Under Secretary or" before "Adminis-
trator shall"; 
(2) in each of paragraphs (3) and (4) of section 46301(d) 
by striking "Administrator" each place it appears and inserting 
"Under Secretary or Administrator"; 
(3) in section 46301(d)(8) by striking "Administrator" and 
inserting "Under Secretary, Administrator,"; 
(4) in section 46301(h)(2) by inserting after "(or" the fol-
lowing: "the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security 
with respect to security duties and powers designated to be 
carried out by the Under Secretary or"; 
(5) in section 46303(c)(2) by inserting "or the Under Sec-
retary of Transportation for Security" after "Federal Aviation 
Administration"; 
(6) in section 46311— 
(A) by inserting after "Transportation," the following: 
"the Under Secretary of Transportation for Security with 
respect to security duties and powers designated to be 
carried out by the Under Secretary,"; 
(B) by inserting after "Secretary," each place it appears 
the following: "Under Secretary,"; and 
(C) by striking "or Administrator" each place it appears 
and inserting ", Under Secretary, or Administrator"; 
(7) in each of sections 46313 and 46316 by inserting after 
"(or" the following: "the Under Secretary of Transportation 
for Security with respect to security duties and powers des-
ignated to be carried out by the Under Secretary or"; and 
(8) in section 46505(d)(2) by inserting "or the Under Sec-
retary of Transportation for Security" after "Federal Aviation 
Administration". 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 643 
SEC. 141. SAVINGS PROVISION. 
49 USC 44901 
(a) TRANSFER OF ASSETS AND PERSONNEL.—Except as otherwise 
provided in this Act, those personnel, property, and records 
employed, used, held, available, or to be made available in connec-
tion with a function transferred to the Transportation Security 
Administration by this Act shall be transferred to the Transpor-
tation Security Administration for use in connection with the func-
tions transferred. Unexpended balances of appropriations, alloca-
tions, and other funds made available to the Federal Aviation 
Administration to carry out such functions shall also be transferred 
to the Transportation Security Administration for use in connection 
with the functions transferred. 
(b) LEGAL DOCUMENTS.—All orders, determinations, rules, regu-
lations, permits, grants, loans, contracts, settlements, agreements, 
certificates, licenses, and privileges— 
(1) that have been issued, made, granted, or allowed to 
become effective by the Federal Aviation Administration, any 
officer or employee thereof, or any other Government official, 
or by a court of competent jurisdiction, in the performance 
of any function that is transferred by this Act; and 
(2) that are in effect on the effective date of such transfer 
(or become effective after such date pursuant to their terms 
as in effect on such effective date), shall continue in effect 
according to their terms until modified, terminated, superseded, 
set aside, or revoked in accordance with law by the Under 
Secretary of Transportation for Security, any other authorized 
official, a court of competent jurisdiction, or operation of law. 
(c) PROCEEDINGS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The provisions of this Act shall not affect 
any proceedings or any application for any license pending 
before the Federal Aviation Administration at the time this 
Act takes effect, insofar as those functions are transferred 
by this Act; but such proceedings and applications, to the 
extent that they relate to functions so transferred, shall be 
continued. Orders shall be issued in such proceedings, appeals 
shall be taken therefrom, and payments shall be made pursuant 
to such orders, as if this Act had not been enacted; and orders 
issued in any such proceedings shall continue in effect until 
modified, terminated, superseded, or revoked by a duly author-
ized official, by a court of competent jurisdiction, or by operation 
of law. 
(2) STATUTORY CONSTRUCTION.—Nothing in this subsection 
shall be deemed to prohibit the discontinuance or modification 
of any proceeding described in paragraph (1) under the same 
terms and conditions and to the same extent that such pro-
ceeding could have been discontinued or modified if this Act 
had not been enacted. 
(3) ORDERLY TRANSFER.—The Secretary of Transportation 
is authorized to provide for the orderly transfer of pending 
proceedings from the Federal Aviation Administration. 
(d) SUITS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—This Act shall not affect suits commenced 
before the date of the enactment of this Act, except as provided 
in paragraphs (2) and (3). In all such suits, proceeding shall 
be had, appeals taken, and judgments rendered in the same 
manner and with the same effect as if this Act had not been 
enacted. 
115 STAT. 644 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
31 u s e 1105 
note. 
49 u s e 47108 
note. 
49 u s e 44903. 
(2) SUITS BY OR AGAINST FAA.—Any suit by or against 
the Federal Aviation Administration begun before the date 
of the enactment of this Act shall be continued, insofar as 
it involves a function retained and transferred under this Act, 
with the Transportation Security Administration (to the extent 
the suit involves functions transferred to the Transportation 
Security Administration under this Act) substituted for the 
Federal Aviation Administration. 
(3) REMANDED CASES.—If the court in a suit described 
in paragraph (1) remands a case to the Transportation Security 
Administration, subsequent proceedings related to such case 
shall proceed in accordance with applicable law and regulations 
as in effect at the time of such subsequent proceedings. 
(e) CONTINUANCE OF ACTIONS AGAINST OFFICERS.—No suit, 
action, or other proceeding commenced by or against any officer 
in his official capacity as an officer of the Federal Aviation Adminis-
tration shall abate by reason of the enactment of this Act. No 
cause of action by or against the Federal Aviation Administration, 
or by or against any officer thereof in his official capacity, shall 
abate by reason of the enactment of this Act. 
(f) EXERCISE OF AUTHORITIES.—Except as otherwise provided 
by law, an officer or employee of the Transportation Security 
Administration may, for purposes of performing a function trans-
ferred by this Act or the amendments made by this Act, exercise 
all authorities under any other provision of law that were available 
with respect to the performance of that function to the official 
responsible for the performance of the function immediately before 
the effective date of the transfer of the function under this Act. 
(g) ACT DEFINED.—In this section, the term "Act" includes 
the amendments made by this Act. 
SEC. 142. BUDGET SUBMISSIONS. 
The President's budget submission for fiscal year 2003 and 
each fiscal year thereafter shall reflect the establishment of the 
Transportation Security Administration. 
SEC. 143. LAND ACQUISITION COSTS. 
In the case of a grant for land acquisition issued to an airport 
under chapter 471 of title 49, United States Code, prior to January 
1, 1995, the Secretary of Transportation may waive the provisions 
of section 47108 of such title and provide an upward adjustment 
in the maximum obligation of the United States under that chapter 
to assist the airport in funding land acquisition costs (and associated 
eligible costs) that increased as a result of a judicial order. 
SEC. 144. LIMITATION ON LIABILITY FOR ACTS TO THWART CRIMINAL 
VIOLENCE OR AIRCRAFT PIRACY. 
Section 44903 is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(h) LIMITATION ON LIABILITY FOR ACTS TO THWART CRIMINAL 
VIOLENCE OR AIRCRAFT PIRACY.—^An individual shall not be liable 
for damages in any action brought in a Federal or State court 
arising out of the acts of the individual in attempting to thwart 
an act of criminal violence or piracy on an aircraft if that individual 
reasonably believed that such an act of criminal violence or piracy 
was occurring or was about to occur.". 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 645 
SEC. 145. AIR CARRIERS REQUIRED TO HONOR TICKETS FOR SUS-
PENDED SERVICE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Each air carrier that provides scheduled air 
transportation on a route shall provide, to the extent practicable, 
air transportation to passengers ticketed for air transportation on 
that route by any other air carrier that suspends, interrupts, or 
discontinues air passenger service on the route by reason of insol-
vency or bankruptcy of the other air carrier. 
(b) PASSENGER OBLIGATION.—^An air carrier is not required 
to provide air transportation under subsection (a) to a passenger 
unless that passenger makes alternative arrangements with the 
air carrier for such transportation within 60 days after the date 
on which that passenger's air transportation was suspended, inter-
rupted, or discontinued (without regard to the originally scheduled 
travel date on the ticket). 
(c) SUNSET.—^This section does not apply to air transportation 
the suspension, interruption, or discontinuance of which occurs 
more than 18 months after the date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 146. AIRCRAFT OPERATIONS IN ENHANCED CLASS B AIRSPACE. 
Upon request of an operator of an aircraft affected by the 
restrictions imposed under Notice to Airmen FDC 1/0618 issued 
by the Federal Aviation Administration, or any other notice issued 
after September 11, 2001, and prior to the date of enactment 
of this Act that restricts the ability of United States registered 
aircraft to conduct operations under part 91 of title 14, Code of 
Federal Regulations, in enhanced class B airspace (as defined by 
such Notice), such restrictions shall cease to be in effect for the 
affected class of operator beginning on the 30th day following the 
request, unless the Secretary of Transportation publishes a notice 
in the Federal Register before such 30th day reimposing the restric-
tion and explaining the reasons for the restriction. 
SEC. 147. AVIATION WAR RISK INSURANCE. 
Section 44306(b) of title 49, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "60 days" each place it appears and inserting "1 year". 
TITLE II—LIABILITY LIMITATION 
49 use 40101 
note. 
Deadline. 
Federal Register, 
publication. 
SEC. 201. AIR TRANSPORTATION SAFETY AND SYSTEM STABILIZATION 
ACT AMENDMENTS. 
(a) RECOVERY OF COLLATERAL SOURCE OBLIGATIONS OF TERROR-
ISTS.—Section 405(c)(3)(B)(i) of the Air Transportation Safety and 
System Stabilization Act (49 U.S.C. 40101 note) is amended by 
striking "obligations." and inserting "obligations, or to a civil action 
against any person who is a knowing participant in any conspiracy 
to hijack any aircraft or commit any terrorist act.". 
(b) EXTENSION OF LIABILITY RELIEF TO AIRCRAFT MANUFACTUR-
ERS AND OTHERS.—Section 408 of that Act is amended— 
(1) by striking "air carrier" in the section heading; 
(2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: 
49 use 40101 
note. 
115 STAT. 646 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
49 use 40101 
note. 
49 use 40101 
note. 
"(a) IN GENERAL.— 
"(1) LIABILITY LIMITED TO INSURANCE COVERAGE.—Notwith-
standing any other provision of law, HabiUty for all claims, 
whether for compensatory or punitive damages or for contribu-
tion or indemnity, arising from the terrorist-related aircraft 
crashes of September 11, 2001, against an air carrier, aircraft 
manufacturer, airport sponsor, or person with a property 
interest in the World Trade Center, on September 11, 2001, 
whether fee simple, leasehold or easement, direct or indirect, 
or their directors, officers, employees, or agents, shall not be 
in an amount greater than the limits of liability insurance 
coverage maintained by that air carrier, aircraft manufacturer, 
airport sponsor, or person. 
"(2) WILLFUL DEFAULTS ON REBUILDING OBLIGATION.—Para-
graph (1) does not apply to any such person with a property 
interest in the World Trade Center if the Attorney General 
determines, after notice and an opportunity for a hearing on 
the record, that the person has defaulted willfully on a contrac-
tual obligation to rebuild, or assist in the rebuilding of, the 
World Trade Center. 
"(3) 
LIMITATIONS ON LIABILITY FOR NEW YORK CITY.— 
Liability for all claims, whether for compensatory or punitive 
damages or for contribution or indemnity arising from the 
terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, against 
the City of New York shall not exceed the greater of the 
city's insurance coverage or $350,000,000. If a claimant who 
is eligible to seek compensation under section 405 of this Act, 
submits a claim under section 405, the claimant waives the 
right to file a civil action (or to be a party to an action) 
in any Federal or State court for damages sustained as a 
result of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 
11, 2001, including any such action against the City of New 
York. The preceding sentence does not apply to a civil action 
to recover collateral source obligations."; and 
(3) by adding at the end of subsection (c) the following: 
"Subsections (a) and (b) do not apply to civil actions to recover 
collateral source obligations. Nothing in this section shall in 
any way limit any liability of any person who is engaged 
in the business of providing air transportation security and 
who is not an airline or airport sponsor or director, officer, 
or employee of an airline or airport sponsor.". 
(c) LIMITATION OF UNITED STATES SUBROGATION RIGHT.—Sec-
tion 409 of that Act is amended by striking "title." and inserting 
"title, subject to the limitations described in section 408.". 
(d) DEFINITIONS.—Section 402 of that Act is amended— 
(1) by adding at the end of paragraph (1) the following: 
"The term 'air carrier' does not include a person, other than 
an air carrier, engaged in the business of providing air transpor-
tation security.". 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (3) through (8) as para-
graphs (5) through (10), respectively; and 
PUBLIC LAW 107-71—NOV. 19, 2001 
115 STAT. 647 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: 
"(3) AIRCRAFT MANUFACTURER.—The term 'aircraft manu-
facturer' means any entity that manufactured the aircraft or 
any parts or components of the aircraft involved in the terrorist 
related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001, including 
employees and agents of that entity. 
"(4) AIRPORT SPONSOR.—The term 'airport sponsor' means 
the owner or operator of an airport (as defined in section 
40102 of title 49, United States Code).". 
Approved November 19, 2001. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—S. 1447 (H.R. 3150): 
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 107-296 (Comm. of Conference). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 147 (2001): 
Oct. 10, 11, considered and passed Senate. 
Nov. 6, considered and passed House, amended, in lieu of H.R. 3150. 
Nov. 16, House and Senate agreed to conference report. 
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTL\L DOCUMENTS, Vol. 37 (2001): 
Nov. 19, Presidential statement.