Amtrak Authorization and Development Act
PL 102-533 (H.R.4250), enacted 10/27/1992

PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
106 STAT. 3515 
Public Law 102-583 
102d Congress 
An Act 
To authorize appropriations for the National Raihx)ad Passenger Corporation, and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of 
America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the "Amtrak Authorization and Devel-
opment Act". 
SEC. 2. SAFETY IMPROVEMEa>lTS. 
Title VIII of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 642 
et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following new section: 
'«EC. 811. RAIL AT-GRADE CROSSINGS. 
"(a) ELIMINATION.—The Secretary, in consultation with the 
States along the main line of the Noruieast Corridor, shall develop 
a plan by September 30, 1993, for the elimination of all highway 
at-grade crossings of such main line bv December 31,1997. 
"(b) EXCEPTIONS.—^The plan developed under subsection (a) may 
provide that the elimination of a highway at-grade crossing not 
be required if eliminating such crossing is impracticable or unneces-
sary and the use of the crossing will be consistent with such 
conditions as the Secretary considers appropriate to ensure s£ifety. 
"(c) FUNDING.—^The Corporation shall pay 20 percent of the 
cost of the elimination of eacn highway at-grade crossing pursuant 
to the plan.". 
SEC. 8. EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW TECHNOLOGIES. 
Title VIII of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 642 
et seq.) (as amended by section 2) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new section: 
'«EC. 812. EXPERIMENTATION WITH NEW TECHNOLOGIES. 
''(a) PLAN.—^The Corporation shall develop a plan for the dem-
onstration of new technologies in rail passenger equipment. Such 
plan shall provide that anv new equipment procured by the Corpora-
tion that may significantly increase train speeds over existing rail 
facilities shall be demonstrated, to the extent practicable, through-
out the national intercity rail passenger system. 
"(b) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—The Corporation shall, not later 
than September 30, 1993, submit to the Committee on Energy 
and Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Conmiittee 
on Commerce, Science, cuid Transportation of the Senate a report 
summarizing the plan developed under subsection (a), incluoing 
its goals, locations for technology demonstration, and a schedule 
for implementation of the jplan. 
"(c) COOPERATION.—Irhe Corporation, in order to facilitate 
efforts to increase train speeds throughout the national intercity 
rail passenger system, shall, upon request by eligible applicants. 
Oct. 27,1992 
[H.R. 4250] 
Amtrak 
Authorization 
and 
Development 
Act 
45 use 501 note. 
45 u s e 650. 
45 use 650b. 
106 STAT. 3516 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
consult and cooperate, to the extent feasible, with such applicants 
proposing technology demonstrations authorized and funded pursu-
ant to Federal law.". 
SEC. 4. NORTHEAST CORRIDOR PROGRAM MASTER PLAN. 
(a) AMENDMENT.—Title VII of the Railroad Revitalization and 
Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 851 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new section: 
45 use 856. 
"SEC. 708. PROGRAM MASTER PLAN. 
**Within 1 year after the date of enactment of this section, 
the Secretary, in consultation with the Corporation and the com-
muter and freight railroads operating over tne Northeast Corridor 
main line between Boston, Massachusetts, and New York, New 
York, shall develop and submit to the Committee on Energy and 
Commerce of the House of Representatives and the Committee 
on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of the Senate a program 
master plan for a coordinated program of improvements to such 
main line that will permit the establishment of regularly scheduled, 
safe, and dependable rail passenger service between Boston, 
Massachusetts, and New York, New York, including appropriate 
intermediate stops, in 3 hours or less. Such plan snail include— 
"(1) a description of the implications of such improvements 
for the regional transportation sjrstem, including the probable 
effects on general travel trends and on travel volumes in other 
transportation modes, and the implications for State and local 
governments in attaining compliance with the Clean Air Act; 
"(2) an identification of the coordinated program of improve-
ments and the specific projects that comprise that program, 
including their estimated costs, schedules, timing, and relation-
ship with other projects; 
"(3) an identification of the financial responsibility for the 
specific projects that comprise the program, and the sources 
of those funds; 
"(4) an operating plan for the period of construction of 
the improvements demonstrating a coordinated approach to 
scheduling intercity and commuter trains; 
"(5) an operating plan, for the period after completion of 
the program, for the coordinated scheduling of intercity and 
commuter trains, including the provision of priority scheduling, 
dispatching, and occupancy of tracks for appropriately frequent, 
regularly scheduled intercity rail passenger service of 3 hours 
or less between Boston, Massachusetts, and New York, New 
York, with appropriate intermediate stops; 
"(6) a comprehensive plan to control future congestion on 
the Northeast Corridor attributable to increases in intercity 
and commuter rail passenger service; 
"(7) an assessment of long-term operational safety needs 
and a list of specific projects designed to maximize operational 
safety; and 
(8) any comments the Corporation submits to the Secretary 
regarding the contents of the plan. 
The Secretary shall submit to the Congress any modifications made 
to the program master plan, along with any comments the Corpora-
tion submits to the Secretary regarding such modifications.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents for the 
Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 is 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27,1992 
106 STAT. 3517 
amended by inserting after the item relating to section 707 the 
following new item: 
"Sec. 708. Program master plan.". 
SEC. S. AUTHOBIZATION OF FREFEBRED STOCK. 
Section 304(c) of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 
544(c)) is amended by adding at the end the following new para-
graph: 
"(4) No amendment to the articles of incorporation of the Cor-
poration shall be required for the issuance of the preferred stock 
required to be issued pursuant to this subsection.". 
SEC. 6. PROPERTY FINANCING. 
Section 306(n) of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 
546(n)) is amended to read as follows: 
"(nXD The Corporation shall not be required to pay any addi-
tional taxes as a consequence of its expenditure of funds to acquire 
or improve real property, equipment, facilities, or right-of-wa^ mate-
rials or structures used directly or indirectly in the provision of 
rail passenger service. For purposes of this subsection, 'additional 
taxes' means taxes or fees (A) on the acquisition, improvement, 
ownership, or operation of personal property by the Corporation; 
and (B) on real property other than taxes or fees on the acquisition 
of real property, or on the value of real property which is not 
attributable to improvements made, or the operation of such 
improvements, by the Corporation. 
"(2) For purposes or this subsection, the term 'Corporation' 
includes the Corporation's railroad subsidiaries and any lessors 
and lessees of the Corporation or its railroad subsidiaries.". 
SEC. 7. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 601 of 
the 
Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 601) is amended to read 
as follows: 
•nSEC. 601. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
"(a) CAPITAL ACQUISITION AND CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT.— 
"(1) NORTHEAST CORRIDOR.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated to the Secretary for the benefit of the Corporation 
for making capital expenditures imder title VII of the Railroad 
Revitalization and Regulatory Improvement Act of 1976 (45 
U.S.C. 851 et seq.>-
"(A) $220,000,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1993; and 
"(B) $250,000,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1994. 
"(2) GENERAL CAPITAL EXPENDITURES.—There are author-
ized to be appropriated to the Secretary for the benefit of 
the Corporation for making capital expenditures under this 
Act— 
"(A) $250,000,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1993; and 
"(B) $250,000,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1994. 
"(3) NEW CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—Of the amounts appropriated pursu-
ant to paragraphs (1) and (2), not more than 15 percent 
of each amount shall be made available for projects 
described in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of this paragraph. 
"(B) 
CORRIDORS 
BETWEEN 
DENSELY 
POPULATED 
CITIES.—(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), funds made 
106 STAT. 3518 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
available under subparagraph (A) shall be used to develop 
new intercity rsdl passenger service on corridors— 
"(I) between cities imdergoing significant popu-
lation growth; and 
"(II) where such service can reasonably be expected 
to provide travel times comparable Mdth other siu*face 
transportation modes. 
"(ii) Amounts shall be expended for the purposes 
described in clause (i) only if the service is requested by 
a State or States and the Corporation and such State 
or States agree that— 
"(I) at least 90 percent of the cost of the acquisition 
of rolling stock for such service shall be paid by the 
Corporation; and 
"(ID at least 90 percent of the cost of improvements 
in the right-of-way, including track structure, signal 
systems, passenger station facilities, highway and 
pedestrian grade crossings, and other safety equipment 
or facilities, shall be paiaby the State or States, 
"(iii) Service descrioed in clause (i) shall be subject 
to section 403(b) with respect to operating expenses. 
"(C) LONG DISTANCE RAIL PASSENGER CORRIDOR DEVEL-
OPMENT.—(i) Except as provided in clause (ii), funds made 
available under subparagraph (A) shall be used to initiate 
new long distance intercity rail passenger service. 
"(ii) Amounts shall be expended for the purposes 
described in clause (i) only if the service is requested by 
a State or States and the Corporation and such State 
or States agree that— 
"(I) at least 75 percent of the cost of the acquisition 
of rolling stock for such service shall be paid by the 
Corporation; and 
"(II) at least 90 percent of the cost of improvements 
in the right-of-way, including track structure, signal 
systems, passenger station facilities, highway and 
pedestrian grade crossings, and other safety equipment 
or facilities, shall be paidby the State or States, 
"(iii) Service described in clause (i) shall be subject 
to section 403(b) with respect to operating expenses. 
"(b) OPERATING EXPENSES.— 
"(1) CORE SYSTEM.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary for the benefit of the Corporation 
for operating expenses— 
"(A) $381,000,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1993; and 
"(B) $381,000,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1994. 
Of the amounts appropriated in subparagraphs (A) and (B), 
not more than 5 percent for each fiscal year shall be used 
for the payment of operating expenses under section 403(b) 
of this Act for service in operation as of September 30, 1992. 
"(2) NEW STATE-SUPPORTED SERVICE.—There are authorized 
to be appropriated to the Secretary for the benefit of the Cor-
poration for operating losses under section 403(b) of this Act 
for service commencing after September 30,1992— 
"(A) $7,500,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1993; and 
"(B) $9,500,000 for 
fiscal 
year 1994. 
The expenoUture by the Corporation of funds appropriated for 
operating losses under section 403(b) of this Act for service 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
106 STAT. 3519 
commencing after September 30, 1992, shall not be considered 
to be an operating expense for purposes of calculating the 
revenue-to-operating expense ratio of the Corporation. 
**(c) MANDATORY PAYMENTS.—There are authorized to be appro-
priated to the Secretary $150,000,000 for fiscal year 1993, and 
such sums as may be necessary for fiscal year 1994, for the payment 
of— 
"(1) tax liabilities under section 3221 of the Internal Reve-
nue Code of 1986 due in such fiscal years in excess of amounts 
needed to fund benefits for individuals who retire from the 
Corporation and for their beneficiaries; 
"(2) obligations of the Corporation under section 8(a) of 
the Railroad Unemplojnnent Insurance Act (45 U.S.C. 358(a)) 
due in such fiscal years in excess of its obligations calculated 
on an experience-ratcid basis; and 
"(3) obligations of the Corporation due under section 3321 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986. 
Funds appropriated under this subsection shall not be considered 
a Federal subsidy of the Corporation. 
"(d) ADMINISTRATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Funds appropriated 
P
ursuant to this section shall be made available to the Secretary 
uring the fiscal year for which appropriated, except that appropria-
tions for capital acquisitions and improvements mav be made in 
an appropriations Act for a fiscal year preceding the fiscal year 
in which the appropriation is to be available for obUgation. Funds 
appropriated are authorized to remain available until expended. 
Appropriated sums shall be paid by the Secretary to the Corporation 
for expenditure by it in accordance with the Secretary's budget 
request as approved or modified by Congress at the time of appro-
priation. Payments by the Secretary to the Corporation of appro-
priated funds shall be made no more frequently than every 90 
days, unless the Corporation, for good cause, re(|uests more frequent 
payment before the expiration of any 90-day period. 
**(e) SCHEDULE OF PAYMENTS.—In each fiscal year in which 
funds are authorized to be appropriated under this section, pay-
ments by tiie Secretary to the Corporation of appropriated funds 
shall be made on the folio¥dng basis— 
"(1) 50 percent on the first day of a 
fiscal 
year; 
"(2) 25 percent on the first day of the second quarter 
of a 
fiscal 
year; and 
"(3) 25 percent on the first day of the third quarter of 
a fiscal year. . 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 403(bXlXBXiii) of the 
Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 563(bXlXBXiii)) is amended 
by striking "and 50 percent of the associated capital costs" and 
inserting in lieu thereof "and, except as provided in section 601(a), 
50 percent of the associated capital costs". 
(c) REPEAL.—Section 602 of the Rail Passenger Service Act 
(45 U.S.C. 602) is repealed. 
SEC. 8. DEFINITION. 
Section 103 of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 502) 
is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (13) through (17) as para-
graphs (14) through (18), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (12) the following new 
paragraph: 
106 STAT. 3520 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
"(13) 'Northeast Corridor' has the meaning given such term 
in section 701(c) of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory 
Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 851(c)).''. 
SEC. 9. mGH SPEED RAIL CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT. 
Title VIII of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 642 
et seq.) (as amended by section 3) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new section: 
45 use 650c. 
-SEC. 813. HIGH SPEED RAIL CORRIDOR DEVELOPMENT. 
"(a) ENCOURAGEMENT AND ASSISTANCE.—The Corporation shall, 
upon reasonable request by States, political subdivisions, regional 
partnerships, private sector representatives, and other qualified 
persons, consist and cooperate with such parties to the extent 
feasible to assist the efforts of such parties to achieve high-speed 
rail service through equipment upgrades, grade-crossing safety 
improvements, ana incremental infrastructure improvements on 
existing railroad facilities utilized by the Corporation, other than 
the Northeast Corridor. 
"(b) REPORT.—^The Corporation shall submit a written report 
to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate by September 30, 1993, on the Cor-
poration's efforts imder subsection (a).". 
SEC. 10. DISCONTINUATION, MODIFICATION, OR ALTERATION OF CER-
TAIN RAIL PASSENGER SERVICES. 
Section 403(d) of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 
563(d)) is amended by inserting at the end the following: "Notwith-
standing the second sentence of this subsection, on any date 
between October 1, 1993, and September 30, 1995, if the service 
operated pursuant to this paragraph on a route during the previous 
6-month period has a short-term avoidable loss, the Corporation 
may elect to consider discontinuance, modification, or adjustment 
of such service. If such election is made, the Corporation shall 
solicit public comment on alternatives to discontinuance, modifica-
tion, or adjustment of such service. The public comment period 
shall be at least 30 days. Within 60 days after the expiration 
of that comment period, the Corporation may discontinue, modiftr, 
or adjust such service so that there is no short-term avoidable 
loss for operation of service pursuant to this subsection on the 
route. For purposes of this paragraph the calculation of short-
term avoidable loss shall not include the cost of providing passenger 
equipment required to operate such service.". 
SEC. 11. EMERGENCY TRAINING AND RESPONSE. 
Title VIII of the Rail Passenger Service Act (45 U.S.C. 642 
et seq.) (as amended by section 9) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new section: 
45 use 650d. 
"SEC. 814. EMERGENCY TRAINING AND RESPONSE. 
"(a) TASK FORCE.—^The Corporation, together with representa-
tives from each of the on-board service and operating crafts and 
unions, shall form a tesk force to consider recommendations for 
improving emergency training and performance of on-board service 
and operating crew members. A representotive of the Federal Rail-
road Administration shall serve on the tesk force. The tesk force 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
106 STAT. 3521 
shall convene ite first meeting within 90 days follovdng the date 
of enactment of this section. 
"(b) MATTERS TO BE CONSIDERED.—The task force formed under 
subsection (a) shall consider, at a minimum— 
"(1) whether the Corporation's emergency training and drill 
program as presently constituted is adequate, and if not, in 
what ways it can be augmented or improved; 
"(2) whether 
medical first-aid training, 
including 
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, should be required for all on-
board service crew members; 
"(3) whether the Corporation's requirements with respect 
to employee responsibilities for passenger evacuation, emer-
gency communications, crew coordination, and disaster response 
should be coordinated; and 
"(4) whether certification of the Corporation's emergency 
training program and evacuation procedures by the Federal 
Railroad Administration is warranted. 
In considering the matters described in paragraphs (1) through 
(4), the task force shall address relevant prior recommendations 
and 
findings 
by the National Transportation Safety Board. 
"(c) REPORT.—Not later than Jime 1, 1993, the task force shall 
report to the Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House 
of Representatives and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and 
Transportation of the Senate on its findings in subsection (b), 
together with a summary of actions implemented to date and rec-
ommendations for 
fixture 
action.". 
SEC. 12. COLUMBUS AND GREENVILLE RAILWAY. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title V of the Railroad Revitalization and 
Regulatory Reform Act of 1976 (45 U.S.C. 821 et seq.) is amended 
by adding at the end the following new section: 
''SEC. 618. COLUMBUS AND GREENVILLE RAILWAY. 
45 USC 838. 
*(a) LIMITATION OF UNITED STATES INTEREST.—Notwithstand-
ing any other provision of this title, the Secretary shall limit the 
interest of the United States in any debt of the Columbus and 
Greenville Railway under sections 505 and 511 of this title to 
an interest which attaches to such debt in the event of (1) bank-
ruptcy, or (2) substantial sale or liquidation of the assets of the 
rauroad, the proceeds of which are not reinvested in the operations 
of the railroad. The Secretary may substitute for the evidence 
of such debt contingency not^ payable solely fi*om the railroad 
operating assets then securing such debt, including reinvestments 
tnereof, or such other contingency notes as the Secretary deems 
appropriate and which conform to uie terms in this section. 
*
*
(
b
) HIGHER PRIORITY FOR NEW DEBT.—If the interest of the 
United States is limited under subsection (a) of this section, any 
new debt issued by such railroad subseauent to the issuance of 
the debt described in such subsection may have such higher priority 
in the event of bankruptcy, liquidation, or abandonment of the 
assets of such a railroad than the debt described in such subsection 
as the Secretary and railroad may agree.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents in the 
first section of the Railroad Revitalization and Regulatory Reform 
Act of 1976 is amended by inserting immediately afl«r the item 
relating to section 517 the following new item: 
"Sec. 518. Columbus and Greenville Railway.*. 
106 STAT. 3522 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
SEC. 13. NEW YORK CITY STATION FACnjnEa 
Title VIII of the Rail Passenger Service Act (455 U.S.C. 642 
et seq.) (as amended by section 11) is amended by adding at the 
end the following new section: 
45 use 650e. 
'^EC. 815. NEW YORK CITY STATION FACIUTIEa 
The Corporation shall develop a plan for new or redeveloped 
station facilities in New York City, New York, to accommodate 
the intercity rail passenger service requirements of the Corporation, 
along with needs of the commuter rail services currently using 
New York Penn Station. In developing the plan, the Corporation 
shall consider use of the James A. Farley Post Office building 
as the primary facility for handling intercity passengers, shall evalu-
ate sources of State, local, and private funding therefor, and shall 
determine the future allocation of space and costs in the existing 
New York Penn Station and new facilities among all transportation 
services using the facilities. The plan shall be predicated upon 
completing the project without Federal funds appropriated for the 
Reports. 
Corporation. The dforporation shall submit a report to the Commit-
tee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation of 
tlie Senate on such plan no later than April 1,1993.". 
SEC. 14. LOCOMOTIVE CONSPICUTTY. 
Section 202 of the Federal Railroad Safety Act of 1970 (45 
U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at the end the following new 
subsection: 
"(u) LOCOMOTIVE CONSPICUITY.— 
"(1) The Secretary shall conduct a review of the Department 
of Transportation's rules with respect to locomotive conspicuity 
. , 
and shall complete the Department's current locomotive con-
spicuity research no later than December 31, 1993. As part 
of this review, the Secretary shall collect relevant data from 
operational experience by railroads having enhanced conspicu-
ity measures in service. 
Regulations. 
"(2) Not later than December 31, 1992, the Secretary shall 
issue interim regulations identifying ditch lights, crossing 
lights, strobe lights, and oscillating lights as interim locomotive 
conspicuity measures, 
and authorizing and 
encouraging 
installation and use of such measures. The interim regulations 
and any amendments thereto shall be adopted without regard 
to subchapter II of chapter 5 of title 5, United States Code. 
Any locomotive equipped with such interim conspicuity meas-
ures on the date of issuance of final regulations under para-
graph (3) shall be considered in full compliance with such 
nal regulations until 4 years after issuance of such final 
regulations. 
Regulations. 
"(3) Not later than June 30, 1994, the Secretary shall 
initiate a rulemaking proceeding to issue final regulations 
requiring substantially enhanced locomotive conspicuity meas-
ures. In such rulemaking proceeding, the Secretary shall con-
sider, at a minimum— 
"(A) revisions to the existing locomotive headlight 
standard, including standards for placement and intensity; 
"(B) requiring use of reflective materials to enhance 
locomotive conspicuity: 
- 
.. ^
^ , ^.r-v .^u^^•-.-^'•^r, - ..-.xr .,_:,^: 
PUBLIC LAW 102-533—OCT. 27, 1992 
106 STAT. 3523 
"(C) requiring use of additional alerting lights (includ-
ing ditch, crossing, strobe, and oscillating li^ts); 
"(D) requiring use of auxiliary lights to eiiiiance loco-
motive conspicuity when viewed 
from 
the side; 
"(E) the effect of any enhanced conspicuity measures 
on the vision, health, and safety of train crew members; 
''(F) separate standards for self-propelled, push-pull 
and multi-imit passenger operations without a dedicated 
head-end locomotive. 
''(4) In issuing regulations under paragraph (3), the Sec-
retary may exclude from any specific conspicuity requirement 
and category of trains or rail operations if the Secretary deter-
mines that such an exclusion is in the public interest and 
is consistent with rail safety (including grade-crossing safety). 
"(5) The Secretary shall issue final regulations requiring Regulations. 
enhanced locomotive conspicuity measures no later than June 
30, 1995. The Secretary snail require that all locomotives not 
excluded from the regulations be equipped with interim 
conspicuity measures imder paragraph (2) or the conspicmty 
measures mandated by final regulations issued under this para-
graph, no later than December 31,1997. 
"(6) As used in this subsection, the term locomotive con-
spicuity* means the enhancement of day and night visibility 
of the front-end unit of a train, by means of lighting, reflective 
materials, or other means, with particular consideration to 
the visibility and perspective of drivers of motor vehicles at 
grade crossings.". 
Approved October 27, 1992. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 4250 (S. 2608): 
HOUSE REPORTS: Nos. 102-513 (Comm. on Energy and Commerce) and 102-990 
(Comm. of Conference). 
SENATE REPORTS: No. 102-326 accompanying S. 2608 (Comm. on Commerce, 
Science, and Transportation). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 138 (1992): 
Aug. 11, considered and passed House. 
Aug. 12, considered and passed Senate, amended. 
Oct. 5, House agreed to conference report. 
Oct. 7, Senate agreed to conference report.