Student Right-To-Know and Campus Security Act
PL 101-542 (S.580), enacted 11/08/1990

PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
104 STAT. 2381 
Public Law 101-542 
101st Congress 
An Act 
To require institutions of higher education receiving Federal financial assistance to 
provide certain information with respect to the graduation rates of student-athletes 
at such institutions. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the 
Campus Security Act". 
'Student Right-To-Know and 
TITLE I—STUDENT RIGHT-TO-KNOW 
SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the "Student Right-To-Know Act". 
SEC. 102. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds that— 
(1) education is fundamental to the development of individual 
citizens and the progress of the Nation as a whole; 
(2) there is increasing concern among citizens, educators, and 
public officials regarding the academic performance of students 
at institutions of higher education; 
(3) a recent study by the National Institute of Independent 
Colleges and Universities found that just 43 percent of students 
attending 4-year public colleges and universities and 54 percent 
of students entering private institutions graduated within 6 
years of enrolling; 
(4) the academic performance of student athletes, especially 
student athletes receiving football and basketball scholarships, 
has been a source of great concern in recent years; 
(5) more than 10,000 athletic scholarships are provided an-
nually by institutions of higher education; 
(6) prospective students and prospective student athletes 
should be aware of the educational commitments of an institu-
tion of higher education; and 
(7) knowledge of graduation rates would help prospective 
students and prospective student athletes make an informed 
judgment about the educational benefits available at a given 
institution of higher education. 
SEC. 103. ADDITIONAL GENERAL DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS RELAT-
ING TO COMPLETION OR GRADUATION. 
(a) DISCLOSURE OF COMPLETION OR GRADUATION RATES.—Section 
485(aXl) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 1092(aXl)) (in 
this Act referred to £is the "Act") is amended— 
(1) by striking "and" at the end of subparagraph (J); 
(2) by striking the period at the end of subparagraph (K) and 
inserting "; and"; and 
Nov. 8, 1990 
[S. 580] 
Student 
Right-To-Know 
and Campus 
Security Act. 
20 u s e 1001 
note. 
Student 
Right-To-Know 
Act. 
20 u s e 1001 
note. 
20 u s e 1092 
note. 
9-194 O - 91 - 3 : QL 3 Part 4 
104 STAT. 2382 
PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
(3) by adding at the end thereof the following new subpara-
graph: 
"(L) the completion or graduation rate of certificate- or 
degree-seeking, full-time students entering such institutions.". 
(b) (INSTRUCTION OF DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS.—Section 485(a) 
of such Act (42 U.S.C. 1092(a)) is further amended by inserting after 
paragraph (2) the following new paragraph: 
"(3) In calculating the completion or graduation rate under 
subparagraph (L) of paragraph (1) of this subsection or under subsec-
tion (e), a student shall be counted £is a completion or graduation if, 
within 150 percent of the normal time for completion of or gradua-
tion from the program, the student has completed or graduated from 
the progrsun, or enrolled in any program of an eligible institution 
for which the prior program provides substantial preparation. The 
information required to be disclosed under such subparagraph— 
"(A) shall be available beginning on July 1, 1993, and each 
year thereafter to current and prospective students prior to 
enrolling or entering into any financial obligation; 
"(B) shall cover the one-year period ending on June 30 of the 
preceding year; and 
"(C) shall be updated not less than biennially. 
"(4) For purposes of this section, institutions may exclude from the 
information disclosed in accordance with subparagraph (L) of para-
graph (1) the completion or graduation rates of students who leave 
school to serve in the armed services, on official church missions, or 
with a recognized foreign aid service of the Federal Government.". 
(c) 
ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL INSTITUTIONAL OUTCOMES.—(1) 
In 
conjunction with representatives of institutions of higher education, 
the Secretary shall analyze the feasibility and desirability of making 
available to students and potential students— 
(A) the completion or graduation rate of individuals at an 
institution broken down by program or field of study; 
(B) the completion or graduation rate of an institution re-
ported by individual schools or academic divisions within the 
institution; 
(C) the rate at which individuals who complete or graduate 
from the program of an institution pass applicable licensure or 
certification examinations required for employment in a 
particular vocation, trade, or professional field; 
(D) the rate at which individuals who complete or graduate 
from an occupationally specific program and who enter the 
labor market following completion of or graduation from such a 
program obtain employment in the occupation for which they 
are trained; and 
(E) other institutional outcomes that may be appropriate. 
(2) In calculating the completion or graduation rate under para-
graph (1), a student shall be counted as a completion or graduation 
if, within 150 percent of the normal time for completion of or 
graduation from the program, the student has completed or grad-
uated from the program, or enrolled in any program of an eligible 
institution for which the prior program provides substantial 
preparation. 
(d) REPORT.—The Secretary shall submit a report to the appro-
priate committees of Congress before August 1, 1991 on the analysis 
conducted pursuant to subsection (c). 
PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
104 STAT. 2383 
SEC. 104. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER 
EDUCATION. 
(a) AMENDMENT.—Section 485 of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1092) (as 
amended by section 103) is further amended by adding at the end 
thereof the following new subsection: 
"(e) DISCLOSURES REQUIRED WITH RESPECT TO ATHLETICALLY RE-
LATED STUDENT AID.—(1) Each institution of higher education which 
participates in any program under this title and is attended by 
students receiving athletically related student aid shall annually 
submit a report to the Secretary which contains— 
"(A) the number of students at the institution of higher 
education who received athletically related student aid broken 
down by race and sex in the following sports: basketball, foot-
ball, baseball, cross country/track, and £dl other sports com-
bined; 
"(B) the number of students at the institution of higher 
education, broken down by race and sex; 
"(C) the completion or graduation rate for students at the 
institution of higher education who received athletically related 
student aid broken down by race and sex in the following sports: 
basketball, football, baseball, cross country/track and all other 
sports combined; 
"(D) the completion or graduation rate for students at the 
institution of higher education, broken down by race and sex; 
"(E) the average completion or graduation rate for the 4 most 
recent completing or graduating classes of students at the 
institution of higher education who received athletically related 
student aid broken down by race and sex in the following 
categories: basketball, football, baseball, cross country/track, 
and all other sports combined; and 
"(F) the average completion or graduation rate for the 4 most 
recent completing or graduating classes of students at the 
institution of higher education broken down by race and sex. 
"(2) When an institution described in paragraph (1) of this subsec-
tion offers a potential student athlete athletically related student 
aid, such institution shall provide to the student and his parents, his 
guidance counselor, and coach the information contained in the 
report submitted by such institution pursuant to paragraph (1), 
"(3) For purposes of this subsection, institutions may exclude from 
the reporting requirements under paragraphs (1) and (2) the comple-
tion or graduation rates of students and student athletes who leave 
school to serve in the armed services, on official church missions, or 
with a recognized foreign aid service of the Federal Government. 
"(4) Each institution of higher education described in paragraph 
(1) may provide supplemental information to students and the Sec-
retary showing the completion or graduation rate when such 
completion or graduation rate includes students transferring into 
and out of such institution. 
"(5) The Secretary, using the reports submitted under this subsec-
tion, shall compile and publish a report containing the information 
required under paragraph (1) broken down by— 
"(A) individual institutions of higher education; and 
"(B) athletic conferences recognized by the National Colle-
giate Athletic Association and the National Association of Inter-
coU^ate Athletics. 
104 STAT. 2384 
PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
20 use 1092 
note. 
Crime 
Awareness and 
Campus 
Security Act 
of 1990. 
20 use 1001 
note. 
20 u s e 1092 
note. 
"(6) The Secretary shall waive the requirements of this subsection 
for any institution of higher education that is a member of an 
athletic association or athletic conference that has voluntarily pub-
lished completion or graduation rate data or has agreed to publish 
data that, in the opinion of the Secretary, is substantially com-
parable to the information required under this subsection. 
"(7) The Secretary, in conjunction with the National Junior Col-
lege Athletic Association, shall develop and obtain data on comple-
tion or graduation rates from two-year colleges that award athlet-
ically related student aid. Such data shall, to the extent practicable, 
be consistent with the reporting requirements set forth in this 
section, 
"(8) For purposes of this subsection, the term 'athletically related 
student aid' means any scholarship, grant, or other form of financial 
assistance the terms of which require the recipient to participate in 
a program of intercollegiate athletics at an institution of higher 
education in order to be eligible to receive such assistance.". 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section shall 
take effect July 1,1992, except that the first report to the Secretary 
of Education shall be due on July 1,1993. 
SEC. 105. ANALYSIS OF ATHLETIC ACTIVITY REVENUES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary, in conjunction with institutions 
of higher education and collegiate athletic associations, shall ana-
lyze the feasibility of and make recommendations regarding a 
requirement that institutions of higher education compile and 
report on the revenues derived and expenditures made (per sport) by 
such institutions' athletic department and intercollegiate athletic 
activities. 
(b) REPORTS.—The Secretary shall prepare a report on the activi-
ties described in subsection (a) and transmit such report to the 
appropriate committees of Congress before April 1,1991. 
TITLE II—CRIME AWARENESS AND CAMPUS 
SECURITY 
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE. 
This title may be cited as the "Crime Awareness and Campus 
Security Act of 1990". 
SEC. 202. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds that— 
(1) the reported incidence of crime, particularly violent crime, 
on some college campuses has steadily risen in recent years; 
(2) although annual "National Campus Violence Surveys" 
indicate that roughly 80 percent of campus crimes are commit-
ted by a student upon another student and that approximately 
95 percent of the campus crimes that are violent are alcohol- or 
drug-related, there are currently no comprehensive data on 
campus crimes; 
(3) out of 8,000 postsecondary institutions participating in 
Federal student aid programs, only 352 colleges and universities 
voluntarily provide crime statistics directly through the Uni-
form Crime Report of the Federal Bureau of Invest^ation, and 
other institutions report data indirectly, through local police 
PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
104 STAT. 2385 
agencies or States, in a manner that does not permit campus 
statistics to be separated; 
(4) several State legislatures have adopted or are considering 
legislation to require reporting of campus crime statistics and 
dissemination of security practices and procedures, but the bills 
are not uniform in their requirements and standards; 
(5) students and employees of institutions of higher education 
should be aware of the incidence of crime on campus and 
policies and procedures to prevent crime or to report occur-
rences of crime; 
(6) applicants for enrollment at a college or university, and 
their parents, should have access to information about the 
crime statistics of that institution and its security policies and 
procedures; and 
(7) while many institutions have established crime preventive 
measures to increase the safety of campuses, there is a clear 
need— 
(A) to encourage the development on all campuses of 
security policies and procedures; 
(B) for uniformity and consistency in the reporting of 
crimes on campus; and 
(C) to encourage the development of policies and proce-
dures to address sexual assaults and racial violence on 
college campuses. 
SEC. 203. DISCLOSURE OF DISCIPLINARY PROCEEDING OUTCOMES TO 
CRIME VICTIMS. 
Section 438(b) of the General Education Provisions Act (20 U.S.C. 
1232g(b)) is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new 
paragraph: 
"(6) Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit an 
institution of postsecondary education from disclosing, to an alleged 
victim of any crime of violence (as that term is defined in section 16 
of title 18, United States Code), the results of any disciplinary 
proceeding conducted by such institution against the alleged per- 
— 
petrator of such crime with respect to such crime.". 
SEC. 204. DISCLOSURE OF CAMPUS SECURITY POLICY AND CAMPUS 
CRIME STATISTICS. 
(a) DISCLOSURE REQUIREMENTS.—Section 485 of the Act (20 U.S.C. 
1092) (as amended by sections 103 and 104) is further amended by 
adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: 
"(f) DISCLOSURE OF CAMPUS SECURITY POUCY AND CAMPUS CRIME 
Reports. 
STATISTICS.—(1) Each eligible institution participating in any pro-
gram under this title shall on September 1, 1991, begin to collect the 
following information with respect to campus crime statistics and 
campus security policies of that institution, and beginning Septem-
ber 1, 1992, and each year thereafter, prepare, publish, and distrib-
ute, through appropriate publications or mailings, to all current 
students and employees, and to any applicant for enrollment or 
employment upon request, an annual security report containing at 
least the following information with respect to the campus security 
policies and campus crime statistics of that institution: 
"(A) A statement of current campus policies regarding proce-
dures and facilities for students and others to report criminal 
actions or other emergencies occurring on campus and policies 
concerning the institution's response to such reports. 
104 STAT. 2386 
PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
"(B) A statement of current policies concerning security and 
access to campus facilities, including campus residences, and 
security considerations used in the maintenance of campus 
facilities. 
"(C) A statement of current policies concerning campus law 
enforcement, including— 
"(i) the enforcement authority of security personnel, 
including their working relationship with State and local 
police agencies; and 
"(ii) policies which encourage accurate and prompt 
reporting of all crimes to the campus police and the appro-
priate police agencies. 
"(D) A description of the type and frequency of programs 
designed to inform students and employees about campus secu-
rity procedures and practices and to encourage students and 
employees to be responsible for their own security and the 
security of others. 
» 
"(E) A description of programs designed to inform students 
and employees about the prevention of crimes. 
"(F) Statistics concerning the occurrence on campus, during 
the most recent school year, and during the 2 preceding school 
years for which data are available, of the following criminal 
offenses reported to campus security authorities or local police 
agencies— 
"(i) murder; 
"(ii) rape; 
"(iii) robbery; 
"(iv) aggravated assault; 
"(v) burglary; and 
"(vi) motor vehicle theft. 
"(G) A statement of policy concerning the monitoring and 
recording through local police agencies of criminal activity at 
off-C£unpus student organizations which are recognized by the 
institution and that are engaged in by students attending the 
institution, including those student organizations with off-
campus housing facilities. 
"(H) Statistics concerning the number of arrests for the fol-
lowing crimes occurring on campus: 
"(i) liquor law violations; 
"(ii) drug abuse violations; and 
"(iii) weapons possessions. 
Alcohol and 
"(I) A statement of policy regarding the possession, use, and 
^cohohc 
gale of alcoholic beverages and enforcement of State underage 
beverages. 
drinking laws and a statement of policy regarding the posses-
^"^" 
sion, use, and sale of illegal drugs and enforcement of Federal 
£ind State drug laws and a description of any drug or sdcohol 
abuse education programs as required under section 1213 of this 
Act. 
"(2) Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize the 
Secretary to require particular policies, procedures, or practices by 
institutions of higher education with respect to campus crimes or 
campus security. 
Reports. 
"(3) Each institution participating in any program under this title 
shall make timely reports to the campus community on crimes 
considered to be a threat to other students and employees described 
in paragraph (IXF) that are reported to campus security or local law 
police gigencies. Such reports shall be provided to students and 
PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
104 STAT. 2387 
employees in a manner that is timely and that will aid in the 
prevention of similar occurrences. 
"(4) Upon the request of the Secretary, each institution participat-
ing in any program under this title shall submit to the Secretary a 
copy of the statistics required to be made available under para-
graphs (IXF) and dXH). The Secretary shall— 
"(A) review such statistics and report to the Committee on Reports. 
Education and Labor of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Labor and Human Resources of the Senate on 
campus crime statistics by September 1,1995; and 
"(B) in coordination with representatives of institutions of 
higher education, identify exemplary campus security policies, 
procedures, and practices and disseminate information concern-
ing those policies, procedures, and practices that have proven 
effective in the reduction of campus crime. 
"(5XA) For purposes of this subsection, the term 'campus' in-
cludes— 
"(i) any building or property owned or controlled by the 
institution of higher education within the same reasonably 
contiguous geographic area and used by the institution in direct 
support of, or related to its educational purposes; or 
"(ii) any building or property owned or controlled by student 
organizations recognized by the institution. 
"(B) In cases where branch campuses of an institution of higher 
education, schools within an institution of higher education, or 
administrative divisions within an institution are not within a 
reasonably contiguous geographic area, such entities shall be consid-
ered separate campuses for purposes of the reporting requirements 
of this section. 
"(6) The statistics described in paragraphs (1)(F) and (IXH) shall be 
compiled in accordance with the definitions used in the uniform 
crime reporting system of the Department of Justice, Federal 
Bureau of Investigation, and the modifications in such definitions as 
implemented pursuant to the Hate Crime Statistics Act.". 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATES.—The amendments made by this section shall 
20 USC 1092 
take effect on September 1, 1991, except that the requirement of 
^°^-
section 485(fKl) (F) and (H) of the Higher Education Act of 1965 (as 
added by this section) shall be applied to require statistics with 
respect to school years preceding the date of enactment of this Act 
only to the extent that data concerning such years is reasonably 
available. 
SEC. 205. PROGRAM PARTICIPATION AGREEMENT REQUIREMENTS. 
Section 487(a) of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1094(a)) is amended by adding 
at the end thereof the following new paragraph: 
"(12) The institution certifies that— 
"(A) the institution has established a campus security policy; 
and 
"(B) the institution has complied with the disclosure require-
ments of section 485(f).". 
TITLE 
III—CALCULATION 
OF 
DEFAULT 
RATES 
SEC. 
3
0
1
. 
CALCULATION 
OF 
DEFAULT 
RATES. 
Section 435 of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1085) is amended— 
104 STAT. 2388 
PUBLIC LAW 101-542—NOV. 8, 1990 
(1) in subsection (1), by striking out "The term" and inserting 
in lieu thereof "Except as provided in subsection (m), the term"; 
and 
Loan 
(2) in subsection (m), by inserting immediately after the first 
programs. 
sentence the following: "In determining the number of students 
Insurance. 
^ j ^ ^ default before the end of such fiscal year, the Secretary 
shall include only loans for which the Secretary or a guaranty 
Eigency has paid claims for insurance, and, in calculating the 
cohort default rate, exclude any loans which, due to improper 
servicing or collection, would result in an inaccurate or incom-
plete calculation of the cohort default rate.". 
TITLE IV—CONFORMING REGULATIONS 
SEC. 401. CONFORMING REGULATIONS. 
20 use 1092 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary is authorized to issue regulations 
**°*®' 
to carry out the provisions of this Act. 
(b) SUSPENSION.—Subparagraphs (c) through (f) of section 668.44 of 
title 34, Code of Federal Regulations, are suspended. 
Approved November 8, 1990. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—S. 580 (H.R. 1454): 
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 101-518 accompanying H.R. 1454 (Conun. on Education and 
Labor) and No. 101-883 (Comm. of Conference). 
SENATE REPORTS: No. 101-209 (Comm. on Labor and Human Resources). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 136 (1990): 
Feb. 22, considered and passed Senate. 
June 5, H.R. 1454 considered and passed House; S. 580, amended, passed in lieu. 
Sept. 13, Senate concurred in House amendment with an amendment. 
Oct. 22, House agreed to conference report. 
Oct. 24, Senate agreed to conference report.