An Act to assist in reducing crime and the danger of recidivism by requiring speedy trials and by strengthening the supervision over persons released pending trial, and for other purposes.
PL 93-619 (S.754), enacted 01/03/1975

2076 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
[88 STAT. 
1202 note 
19 use 1514 
19 use 2486 
form of a supplemental duty pursuant to Presidential Proclamation 
02nofer^''* 
4074, dated August 17, 1971, the time for review and allowing or 
denying the protest shall not expire until five years from the date 
the protest was filed in accordance with such section 514. 
SEC. 6
1
2
. 
TRADE RELATIONS WITH CANADA. 
It is the sense of the Congress that the United States should enter 
into a trade agreement with Canada which will guarantee continued 
stability to the economies of the United States and Canada. In order 
to promote such economic stability, the President may initiate negotia-
tions for a trade agreement with Canada to establish a free trade area 
covering the United States and Canada. Nothing in this section shall 
be construed as prior approval of any legislation which may be neces-
sary to implement such a trade agreement. 
19 use 2487. 
SEC. 613. LIMITATION ON CREDIT TO RUSSIA. 
After the date of enactment of the Trade Act of 1974, no agency of 
the Government of the United States, other than the Commodity 
Credit Corporation, shall approve any loans, guarantees, insurance, or 
any combination thereof, in connection with exports to the Union of 
Soviet Socialist Kepublics in an aggregate amount in excess of 
$300,000,000 without prior congressional approval as provided by law. 
Approved January 3, 1975. 
Public Law 93-619 
January 3, 1975 
^ ^ ACT 
l
^
^
- '^^'^^ 
To assist in reducing crime and the danger of recidivism by requiring speedy 
trials and by strengthening the supervision over persons released pending 
trial, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the 
AttTi%lt^^ 
United States of America in Congress assembled^ That this Act may 
'is^isc 3161 
be cited as the "Speedy Trial Act of 1974". 
note. 
TITLE I—SPEEDY TRIAL 
SEC. 101. Title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding 
immediately after chapter 207, a new chapter 208, as follows: 
"Chapter 208.—SPEEDY TRIAL 
"See. 
"3161. Time limits and exclusions. 
"3162. Sanctions. 
"3163. Effective dates. 
"3164. Interim limits. 
"3165. District plans—generally. 
"3166. District plans—contents. 
"3167. Reports to Congress. 
"3168. Planning process. 
"3169. Federal Judicial Center. 
"3170. Speedy trial data. 
"3171. Planning appropriations. 
"3172. Definitions. 
"3173. Sixth amendment rights. 
"3174. Judicial emergency. 
18 use 3161. 
"§3161. Time limits and exclusions. 
" (a) In any case involving a defendant charged with an offense, the 
appropriate judicial officer, at the earliest practicable time, shall, after 
consultation with the counsel for the defendant and the attorney for 
the Government, set the case for trial on a day certain, or list it for trial 
on a weekly or other short-term trial calendar at a place within the 
judicial district, so as to assure a speedy trial. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
2077 
"(b) Any information or indictment charging an individual with the 
commission of an offense shall be filed within thirty days from the date 
on which such individual was arrested or served with a summons in 
connection with such charges. If an individual has been charged with 
a felony in a district in which no grand jury has been in session during 
such thirty-day period, the period of time for filing of the indictment 
shall be extended an additional thirty days. 
"(c) The arraignment of a defendant charged in an information or 
indictment with the commission of an offense shall be held within ten 
days from the filing date (and making public) of the information 
or indictment, or from the date a defendant has been ordered held to 
answer and has appeared before a judicial officer of the court in which 
such charge is pending whichever date last occurs. Thereafter, where 
a plea of not guilty is entered, the trial of the defendant shall com-
mence within sixty days from arraignment on the information or 
indictment at such place, within the district, as fixed by the appropriate 
judicial officer. 
"(d) If any indictment or information is dismissed upon motion of 
the defendant, or any charge contained in a complaint filed against an 
individual is dismissed or otherwise dropped, and thereafter a com-
plaint is filed against such defendant or individual charging him with 
the same offense or an offense based on the same conduct or arising from 
the same criminal episode, or an information or indictment is filed 
charging such defendant with the same offense or an offense based on 
the same conduct or arising from the same criminal episode, the pro-
visions of subsections (b) and (c) of this section shall be applicable 
with respect to such subsequent complaint, indictment, or inforaiation, 
as the case may be. 
" (e) If the defendant is to be tried again following a declaration by 
the trial judge of a mistrial or following an order of such judge for a 
new trial, the trial shall commence within sixty days from the date the 
action occasioning the retrial becomes final. If the defendant is to be 
tried again following an appeal or a collateral attack, the trial shall 
commence within sixty days from the date the action occasioning 
the retrial becomes final, except that the court retrying the case may 
extend the period for retrial not to exceed one hundred and eighty days 
from the date the action occasioning the retrial becomes final if 
unavailability of witnesses or other factors resulting from passage of 
time shall make trial within sixty days impractical. 
"(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (b) of this sec-
tion, for the first twelve-calendar-month period following the effective 
date of this section as set forth in section 8163(a) of this chapter the 
time limit imposed with respect to the period between arrest and 
indictment by subsection (b) of this section shall be sixty days, for 
the second such twelve-month period such time limit shall be forty-five 
days and for the third such period such time limit shall be thirty-
five days. 
"(g) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (c) of this sec-
tion, for the first twelve-calendar-month period following the effective 
date of this section as set forth in section 3163(b) of this chapter, the 
time limit with respect to the period between arraignment and trial 
imposed by subsection (c) of this section shall be one hundred and 
eighty days, for the second such twelve-month period such time limit 
shall be one hundred and twenty days, and for the third such period 
such time limit with respect to the period between arraignment and 
trial shall be eighty days. 
"(h) The following periods of delay shall be excluded in computing 
^^^^y periods, 
the time within which an information or an indictment must be filed, 
or in computing the time within which the trial of any such offense 
must commence: 
2078 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
[88 STAT. 
" (1) Any period of delay resulti ng from other proceedings con-
cerning the defendant, including but not limited to— 
"(A) delay resulting from an examination of the defend-
ant, and hearing on, his mental competency, or physical 
incapacity; 
"(B) delay resulting from an examination of the defendant 
pursuant to section 2902 of title 28, United States Code; 
"(C) delay resulting from trials with respect to other 
charges against the defendant; 
"(D) delay resulting from interlocutory appeals; 
"(E) delay resulting from hearings on pretrial motions; 
"(F) delay resulting from proceedings relating to trans-
fer from other districts under the Federal Rules of Criminal 
Procedure; and 
"(G) delay reasonably attributable to any period, not to 
exceed thirty days, during which any proceeding concerning 
the defendant is actually under advisement. 
"(2) Any period of delay during'which prosecution is deferred 
by the attorney for the Government pursuant to written agree-
ment with the defendant, with the approval of the court, for the 
purpose of allowing the defendant to demonstrate his good 
conduct. 
"(3) (A) Any period of delay resulting from the absence or 
unavailability of the defendant or an essential witness. 
"(B) For purposes of subparagraph (A) of this paragraph, a 
defendant or an essential witness shall be considered absent when 
his whereabouts are unknown and, in addition, he is attempting 
to avoid apprehension or prosecution or his whereabouts cannot 
be determined by due diligence. For purposes of such subpara-
graph, a defendant or an essential witness shall be considered 
unavailable whenever his whereabouts are know^n but his presence 
for trial cannot be obtained by due diligence or he resists appear-
ing at or being returned for trial. 
"(4) Any period of delay resulting from the fact that the 
defendant is mentally incompetent or physically unable to stand 
trial. 
"(5) Any period of delay resulting from the treatment of the 
defendant pursuant to section 2902 of title 28, United States Code. 
" (6) If the information or indictment is dismissed upon motion 
of the attorney for the Government and thereafter a charge is 
filed against the defendant for the same offense, or any offense 
required to be joined with that offense, any period of delay from 
the date the charge was dismissed to the date the time limitation 
would commence to run as to the subsequent charge had there 
been, no previous charge. 
"(7) A reasonable period of delay when the defendant is joined 
for trial with a eodefendant as to whom the time for trial has not 
run and no motion for severance has been granted. 
"(8) (A) Any period of delay resulting from a continuance 
granted by any judge on his own motion or at the request of the 
defendant or his counsel or at the request of the attorney for the 
Government, if the judge granted such continuance on the basis of 
his findings that the ends of justice served by taking such action 
outweigh the best interest of the public and the defendant in a 
speedy trial. No such period of delay resulting from a continuance 
granted by the court in accordance with this paragraph shall be 
excludable under this subsection unless the court sets forth, in the 
record of the case, either orally or in writing, its reasons for find-
ing that the ends of justice served by the granting of such con-
tinuance outweigh the best interests of the public and the 
defendant in a speedy trial. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
2079 
"(B) The factors, among others, which a judge shall consider in 
deteiTnining whether to grant a continuance under subparagraph 
(A) of this paragraph in any case are as follows: 
" (i) Whether the failure to grant such a continuance in the 
proceeding would be likely to make a continuation of such 
proceeding impossible, or result in a miscarriage of justice. 
"(ii) Whether the case taken as a whole is so unusual and 
so complex, due to the number of defendants or the nature 
of the prosecution or otherwise, that it is unreasonable to 
expect adequate preparation within the periods of time estab-
lished by this section. 
"(iii) Whether delay after the grand jury proceedings 
have commenced, in a case where arrest precedes indictment, 
is caused by the unusual complexity of the factual determina-
tion to be made by the grand jury or by events beyond the 
control of the court or the Government. 
"(C) No continuance under paragraph (8) (A) of this subsec-
tion shall be granted because of general congestion of the court's 
calendar, or lack of diligent preparation or failure to obtain 
available 
witnesses on the part of 
the attorney 
for 
the 
Government. 
"(i) If trial did not commence within the time limitation specified 
in section 3161 because the defendant had entered a [)lea of guilty or 
nolo contendere subsequently withdrawn to any or all charges in an 
indictment or information, the defendant sliall be deemed indicted 
with respect to all charges therein contained within the meaning of sec-
tion 3161, on the day the order permitting withdrawal of tlie plea 
becomes final. 
" ( j ) ( l ) If the attorney for the Government knows that a person 
charged with an offense is serving a term of imprisonment in any 
penal institution, he shall promptly— 
" (A) undertake to obtain the presence of the prisoner for trial; 
or 
"(B) cause a detainer to be filed with the person having cus-
tody of the prisoner and request him to so advise the prisoner and 
to advise the prisoner of his right to demand trial. 
"(2) If the person having custody of such prisoner i-eceives a 
detainer, he shall promptly advise the prisoner of the chai'ge and of 
the prisoner's right to demand trial. If at any time thereafter the pris-
oner informs the person having custody that he does demand trial, 
such person shall cause notice to that effect to he sent i)romptly to the 
attorney for the Government who caused the detainer to l)e filed. 
"(3) Upon receipt of such notice, the attorney for the Government 
shall promptly seek to obtain the presence of the prisoner for trial. 
"(4) When the person having custody of the prisoner receives from 
the attorney for the Government a properly supported request for 
temporary custody of such prisoner for ti'ial, the prisoner shall be 
made available to that attorney for the Government (subject, in cases 
of interjurisdictional transfer, to any right of the prisoner to contest 
the legality of his delivery). 
"§3162. Sanctions. 
"(a) (1) If. in the case of any individual against whom a complaint 
is filed charging such individual with an offense, no indictment or 
information is filed within the time limit required by section 3161(b) 
as extended by section 3161(h) of this chapter, such charge against 
that individual contained in such complaint shall be dismissed or other-
wise dropped. In determining whether to dismiss the case with or with-
out prejudice, the court shall consider, among others, each of the 
18 use 3162. 
2080 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
[88 STAT. 
following factore: the seriousness of the offense; the facts and circum-
stances of the case which led to the dismissal; and the impact of a 
reprosecution on the administration of this chapter and on the admin-
istration of justice. 
"(2) If a defendant is not brought to trial within the time limit 
required by section 3161 (c) as extended by section 3161 (h), the infor-
mation or indictment shall be dismissed on motion of the defendant. 
The defendant shall have the burden of proof of supporting such 
motion but the Government shall have the burden of going forward 
with the evidence in connection with any exclusion of time under sub-
paragraph 3161(h) (3). In determining whether to dismiss the case 
with or without prejudice, the court shall consider, among others, each 
of the following factors: the seriousness of the offense; the facts and 
circumstances of the case which led to the dismissal; and the impact 
of a reprosecution on the administration of this chapter and on the 
^^'^^"^- 
administration of justice. Failure of the defendant to move for dismis-
sal prior to trial or entry of a plea of guilty or nolo contendere shall 
constitute a waiver of the right to dismissal under this section. 
"(b) In any case in which counsel for the defendant or the attorney 
for the Government (1) knowingly allows the case to be set for trial 
without disclosing the fact that a necessary witness would be unavail-
able for trial; (2) files a motion solely for the purpose of delay which 
he knows is totally frivolous and without merit; (3) makes a state-
ment for the purpose of obtaining a continuance which he knows to 
be false and which is material to the granting of a continuance; or 
(4) otherwise willfully fails to proceed to trial without justification 
consistent with section 3161 of this chapter, the court may punish any 
such counsel or attorney, as follows: 
"(A) in the case of an appointed defense counsel, by reducing 
the amount of compensation that otherwise would have been paid 
18 use 3006A. 
IQ such couuscl pursuaut to section 3006A of this title in an 
amount not to exceed 25 per centum thereof; 
"(B) in the case of a counsel retained in connection with the 
defense of a defendant, by imposing on such counsel a fine of not 
to exceed 25 per centum of the compensation to which he is 
entitled in connection with his defense of such defendant; 
"(C) by imposing on any attorney for the Government a fine 
of not to exceed $250; 
"(D) by denying any such counsel or attorney for the Govern-
ment the right to practice before the court considering such case 
for a period of not to exceed ninety days; or 
"(E) by filing a report with an appropriate disciplinary 
committee. 
The authority to punish provided for by this subsection shall be in 
addition to any other authority or power available to such court. 
"(c) The court shall follow procedures established in the Federal 
18 use app. 
Rules of Criminal Procedure in punishing any counsel or attorney 
for the Government pursuant to this section. 
1
8 use 3163. 
«§3i63. Effective dates. 
"(a) The time limitation in section 3161(b) of this chapter— 
"(1) shall apply to all individuals who are arrested or served 
with a summons on or after the date of expiration of the twelve-
calendar-month period following July 1, 1975; and 
"(2) shall commence to run on such date of expiration to all 
individuals who are arrested or served with a summons prior to 
the date of expiration of such twelve-calendar-month period, in 
connection with the commission of an offense, and with respect 
to which offense no information or indictment has been filed prior 
to such date of expiration. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
2081 
"(b) The time limitation in section 3161(c) of this chapter— 
"(1) shall apply to all offenses charged in informations or 
indictments filed on or after the date of expiration of the twelve-
calendar-month period following July 1, 1975; and 
"(2) shall commence to run on such date of expiration as to 
all offenses charged in informations or indictments filed prior to 
that date. 
"(c) Section 3162 of this chapter shall become effective after the 
date of expiration of the fourth twelve-calendar-month period follow-
ing July 1,1975. 
«§ 3164. Interim limits. 
is use 3i64. 
"(a) During an interim period commencing ninety days following 
interim pian. 
July 1, 1975 and ending on the date immediately preceding the date 
on which the time limits provided for under section 3161(b) and sec-
tion 3161(c) of this chapter become effective, each district shall place 
into operation an interim plan to assure priority in the trial or other 
disposition of cases involving— 
"(1) detained persons who are being held in detention solely 
because they are awaiting trial, and 
"(2) released persons who are awaiting trial and have been 
designated by the attorney for the Government as being of high 
risk. 
"(b) During the period such plan is in effect, the trial of any per-
son who falls within subsection (a) (1) or (a) (2) of this section shall 
commence no later than ninety days following the beginning of such 
continuous detention or designation of high risk by the attoi'ney for 
tlie Government. The trial of any person so detained or designated 
as being of high risk on or before the first day of the interim period 
shall commence no later than ninety days following the first day of 
the interim period. 
"(c) Failure to commence trial of a detainee as specified in sub-
section (b), through no fault of the accused or his counsel, or failure 
to commence trial of a designated releasee as specified in subiection 
(b), through no fault of the attorney for the Government, shall result 
in the au'"omatic review by the court of the conditions of release. No 
detainee, as defined in subsection (a), shall be held in custody pending 
trial after the expiration of such ninety-day period required for the 
commencement of his trial. A designated releasee, as defined in sub-
section (a), who is found by the court to have intentionally delayed 
the trial of his case shall be subject to an order of the court modifying 
his nonfinancial conditions of release under this title to insure that he 
shall appear at trial as required. 
"§3165. District plans—generally. 
'^ "^^ ^les. 
"(a) Each district court shall conduct a continuing study of the 
Administrau^on 
administration of criminal justice in the district court and before ucer^onunu'ing 
United States magistrates of the district and shall prepare plans for ^tudy. 
the disposition of criminal cases in accordance with this chapter. Each 
such plan shall be formulated after consultation with, and after con-
sidering the recommendations of, the Federal Judicial Center and the 
planning group established for that district pursuant to section 3168. 
The plans shall be prepared in accordance with the schedule set forth 
in subsection (e) of this section. 
"(b) The planning and implementation process shall seek to accel-
erate the disposition of criminal cases in the district consistent with 
the time standards of this chapter and the objectives of effective law 
enforcement, fairness to accused persons, efficient judicial administra-
tion, and increased knowledge concerning the proper functioning of 
the criminal law. The process shall seek to avoid underenforcement, 
overenforcement and discriminatory enforcement of the law, prejudice 
2082 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
[88 
STAT. 
Submission to 
review panel. 
Annual report 
to Judicial Con-
ference. 
Modifications. 
18 u s e 3166. 
to the prompt disposition of civil litigation, and undue pressure as 
well as undue delay in the trial of criminal cases. 
"(c) The plans prepared by each district court shall be submitted 
for approval to a reviewing panel consisting of the membere of the 
judicial council of the circuit and either the chief judge of the district 
court whose plan is being reviewed or such other active judge of that 
court as the chief judge of that district court may designate. If 
approved by the reviewing panel, the plan shall be forwarded to the 
Administrative Office of the United States Courts, which office shall 
report annually on the operation of such plans to the Judicial Con-
ference of the United States. 
"(d) The district court may modify the plan at any time with the 
approval of the reviewing panel. It shall modify the plan when 
directed to do so by the reviewing panel or the Judicial Conference 
of the United States. Modifications shall be reported to the Admin-
istrative Office of the United States Courts. 
"(e)(1) Prior to the expiration of the twelve-calendar-month 
period following July 1, 1975, each United States district court shall 
prepare and submit a plan in accordance with subsections (a) through 
(d) above to govern the trial or other disposition of offenses within 
the jurisdiction of such court during the second and third twelve-
calendar-month periods following the effective date of subsection 3161 
(b) and subsection 3161 (c). 
" (2) Prior to the expiration of the thirty-six calendar month period 
following July 1, 1975, each United States district court shall prepare 
and submit a plan in accordance with subsections (a) through (d) 
above to govern the trial or other disposition of offenses within the 
jurisdiction of such court during the fourth and subsequent twelve-
calendar month periods following the effective date of subsection 3161 
(b) and subsection 3161(c). 
"(f) Plans adopted pursuant to this section shall, upon adoption, 
and recommendations of the district planning group shall, upon com-
pletion, become public documents. 
"§3166. District plans—contents. 
"(a) Each plan shall include a description of the time limits, pro-
cedural techniques, innovations, systems and other methods, including 
the development of reliable methods for gathering and monitoring 
information and statistics, by which the district court, the United 
States attorney, the Federal public defender, if any, and private attor-
neys experienced in the defense of criminal cases, have expedited or 
intend to expedite the trial or other disposition of criminal cases, con-
sistent with the time limits and other objectives of this chapter. 
"(b) Each plan shall include information concerning the imple-
mentation of the time limits and other objectives of this chapter, 
including: 
"(1) 
the incidence of and reasons for, requests or allowances 
of extensions of time beyond statutory or district standards; 
"(2) the incidence of. and reasons for, periods of delay under 
section 3161(h) of this title; 
"(3) the incidence of, and reasons for, the invocation of sanc-
tions for noncompliance with time standards, or the failure to 
invoke such sanctions, and the nature of tlie sanction, if any 
invoked for noncompliance; 
"(4) the new timetable set, or requested to be set, for an 
extension; 
"(5) the effect on criminal justice administration of the pre-
vailing time limits and sanctions, including the effects on the 
prosecution, the defense, the courts, the correctional process, costs, 
t ransfers and appeals; 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
2083 
"(6) the incidence and length of, reasons for, and remedies 
for detention prior to trial, and information reqnired by the provi-
sions of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure relating to the 
^^ use app. 
supervision of detention pending trial; 
"(7) the identity of cases which, because of their special 
characteristics, deserve separate or diffei-ent time limits as a matter 
of statutory classifications; and 
" (8) the incidence of, and reasons for each thirty-day extention 
under section 3161(b) with respect to an indictment in that 
district. 
"(c) Each district plan required by section 3165 shall include 
information and statistics concerning the administration of criminal 
justice within the district, including, but not limited to: 
"(1) the time span between arrest and indictment, indictment 
and trial, and conviction and sentencing; 
"(2) the number of matters presented to the United States 
Attorney for prosecution, and the numbers of such matters pros-
ecuted and not prosecuted; 
"(3) the number of matters transferred to other districts or 
to States for prosecution; 
"(4) the number of cases disposed of by trial and by plea; 
" (5) the rates of nolle prosequi, dismissal, acquittal, conviction, 
diversion, or other disposition; and 
"(6) the extent of preadjudication detention and release, by 
numbers of defendants and days in custody or at liberty prior to 
disposition. 
"(d) Each plan shall further specify the rule changes, statutory 
amendments, and appropriations needed to effectuate further improve-
ments in the administration of justice in the district which cannot be 
accomplished without such amendments or funds. 
"(e) Each plan shall include recommendations to the Administra- 
Recommenda-
tive Office of the United States Courts for reporting forms, procedures, mi°nrstrative of-
and time requirements. The Director of the Administrative Office of fice o
f the 
the United States Courts, with the approval of the Judicial Confer- cou/tl^''''"' 
ence of the United States, shall prescribe such forms and procedures 
and time requirements consistent with section 3170 after consideration 
of the recommendations contained in the district plan and the need 
to reflect both unique local conditions and uniform national reporting 
standards. 
—^3167. Reports to Congress. 
is use 3167. 
"(a) The Administrative Office of the United States Courts, with 
the approval of the Judicial Conference, shall submit periodic reports 
to Congress detailing the plans submitted pursuant to section 3165. 
The reports shall be submitted within three months following the final 
dates for the submission of plans under section 3165(e) of this title. 
"(b) Such reports shall include recommendations for legislative 
contents. 
changes or additional appropriations to achieve the time limits and 
objectives of this chapter. The report shall also contain pertinent 
information such as the state of the criminal docket at the time of the 
adoption of the plan; the extent of pretrial detention and release; and 
a description of the time limits, procedural techniques, innovations, 
systems, and other methods by which the trial or other disposition of 
criminal cases have been expedited or may be expedited in the districts. 
"§3168. Planning process. 
is use 3i68. 
"(a) Within sixty days after July 1, 1975, each United States dis- 
Planning group. 
trict court shall convene a planning group consisting at minimum of 
the Chief Judge, a United States magistrate, if any designated by the 
Chief Judge, the United States Attorney, the Clerk of the district 
penses 
2084 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-J 
AN. 3, 1975 
[88 STAT. 
court, the Federal Public Defender, if any, a private attorney experi-
enced in the defense of criminal cases in the district, the Chief United 
States Probation Officer for the district, and a person skilled in crim-
inal justice research who shall act as reporter for the group. The group 
shall advise the district court with respect to the formulation of all 
district plans and shall submit its recommendations to the district 
court for each of the district plans required by section 3165. The group 
shall be responsible for the initial formulation of all district plans and 
of the reports required by this chapter and in aid thereof, it shall be 
entitled to the planning funds specified in section 3171. 
" (b) The planning group shall address itself to the need for reforms 
in the criminal justice system, including but not limited to changes in 
the grand jury system, the finality of criminal judgments, habeas 
corpus and collateral attacks, pretrial diversion, pretrial detention, 
excessive reach of Federal criminal law, simplification and improve-
ment of pretrial and sentencing procedures, and appellate delay. 
Travel ex- 
" (^Q) Mcmbcrs of the planning group with the exception of the 
reporter shall receive no additional compensation for their services, 
but shall be reimbursed for travel, subsistence and other necessary 
expenses incurred by them in carrying out the duties of the advisory 
group in accordance with the provisions of title 5, United States Code, 
Compensation, chapter 57. Thc reporter shall be compensated in accordance with sec-
tion 3109 of title 5, United States Code, and notwithstanding other 
provisions of law he may be employed for any period of time during 
which his services are needed. 
1
8 use 3169. 
«§3169. Federal Judicial Center. 
"The Federal Judicial Center shall advise and consult with the 
planning groups and the district courts in connection with their duties 
under this chapter. 
18 use 3170. 
«§ 3X7Q. Speedy trial data. 
"(a) To facilitate the planning process and the implementation of 
the time limits and objectives of this chapter, the clerk of each district 
court shall assemble the information and compile the statistics required 
by sections 3166 (b) and (c) of this title. The clerk of each district 
court shall assemble such information and compile such statistics on 
such forms and under such regulations as the Administrative Office 
of the United States Courts shall prescribe with the approval of the 
Judicial Conference and after consultation with the Attorney General. 
"(b) The clerk of each district court is authorized to obtain the 
information required by sections 3166 (b) and (c) from all relevant 
sources including the L^nited States Attorney, Federal 
Public 
Defender, private defense counsel appearing in criminal cases in the 
district. United States district court judges, and the chief Federal 
Probation Officer for the district. This subsection shall not be 
construed to require the release of any confidential or privileged 
information. 
"(c) The information and statistics compiled by the clerk pursuant 
to this section shall be made available to the district court, the plan-
ning group, the circuit council, and the Administrative Office of the 
United States Courts. 
1
8 use 3171. 
«§ 3171. Planning appropriations. 
" (a) There is authorized to be appropriated for the fiscal ye^r end-
ing June 30, 1975, to the Federal judiciary the sum of $2,500,000 to be 
allocated by the Administrative Office of the United States Courts to 
Federal judicial districts to carry out the initial phases of planning 
and implementation of speedy trial plans under this chapter. The 
funds so appropriated shall remain available until expended. 
Time limits, 
suspension. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
2085 
"(b) No funds appropriated under this section may be expended 
in any district except by two-thirds vote of the planning group. Funds 
to the extent available may be expended for personnel, facilities, and 
any other purpose permitted by law. 
"§ 3172. Definitions. 
is use 3172. 
"As used in this chapter— 
" (1) the terms 'judge' or 'judicial officer' mean, unless otherwise 
indicated, any United States magistrate, Federal district judge, 
and 
"(2) the term 'offense' means any Federal criminal oifense 
which is in violation of any Act of Congress and is triable by any 
court established by Act of Congress (other than a pett^ offense 
as defined in section 1(3) of this title, or an offense triable by 
court-martial, military commission, provost court, or other mili-
tary tribunal). 
"§3173. Sixth amendment rights. 
is use 3173. 
"No provision of this chapter shall be interpreted as a bar to any 
claim of denial of speedy trial as required by amendment VI of the 
Constitution. 
use prec. 
title 1. 
"§3174. Judicial emergency. 
is use 3174. 
"(a) In the event that any district court is unable to comply with 
the time limits set forth in section 3161 (c) due to the status of its court 
calendars, the chief judge, where the existing resources are being 
efficiently utilized, may, after seeking the recommendations of the 
planning group, apply to the judicial council of the circuit for a sus-
pension of such time limits. The judicial council of the circuit shall 
evaluate the capabilities of the district, the availability of visiting 
judges from within and without the circuit, and make any recommen-
dations it deems appropriate to alleviate calendar congestion resulting 
from the lack of resources. 
"(b) If the judicial council of the circuit shall find that no remedy 
for such congestion is reasonably available, such council may apply 
to the Judicial Conference of the United States for a suspension of 
time limits set forth in section 3161(c). The Judicial Conference, if it 
finds that such calendar congestion cannot be reasonabl}^ alleviated, 
may grant a suspension of the time limits in section 3161(c) for a 
period of time not to exceed one year for the trial of cases for which 
indictments are filed during such period. During such period of sus-
pension, the time limits from arrest to indictment, set forth in section 
3161(b), shall not be reduced, nor shall the sanctions set forth in 
section 3162 be suspended; but such time limits from arrangement to 
trial shall not be increased to exceed one hundred and eighty days. 
The time limits for the trial of cases of detained persons who are 
being detained solely because they are awaiting trial shall not be 
affected by the provisions of this section. 
"(c) Any suspension of time limits granted by the Judicial Con- 
fff"*"'^'° ^°"' 
ference shall be reported to the Congress within ten days of approval 
by the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States 
Courts, together with a copy of the application for such suspension, 
a written report setting forth detailed reasons for granting such 
approval and a proposal for increasing the resources of such district. 
In the event an additional period of suspension of time limits is nec-
essary, the Director of the Administrative Office of the United States 
Courts shall so indicate in his report to the Congress, which report 
shall contain such application for such additional period of suspen-
sion together with any other pertinent information. The Judicial 
Conference shall not grant a suspension to any district within six 
months following the expiration of a prior suspension without the 
gress. 
qs-iQ.! n - 7fi - 49 Pt. 2
2086 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
[88 STAT. 
consent of the Congress. Such consent may be requested by the Judicial 
Conference by reporting to the Congress the facts supporting the need 
for a suspension within such six-month period. Should the Congress 
fail to act on any application for a suspension of time limits within 
six months, the Judicial Conference may grant such a suspension for 
an additional period not to exceed one year." 
SEC. 102. The tables of chapters for title 18 of the United States 
Code and for part I I of title 18 of the United States Code are each 
amended by inserting immediately after the item relating to chapter 
207 the following new item: 
"208. Speedy trial 
3161". 
TITLE II—PRETEIAL SERVICES AGENCIES 
SEC. 201. Chapter 207 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking out section 3152 and inserting in lieu thereof the following 
new sections: 
1
8 use 3152. 
"§3152. Establishment of pretrial services agencies. 
"The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States 
Courts shall establish, on a demonstration basis, in each of ten repre-
sentative judicial districts (other than the District of Columbia), a 
pretrial services agency authorized to maintain effective supervision 
and control over, and to provide supportive services to, defendants 
released under this chapter. The districts in which such agencies are to 
be established shall be designated by the Chief Justice of the United 
States after consultation with the Attorney General, on the basis of 
such considerations as the number of criminal cases prosecuted 
annually in the district, the percentage of defendants in the district 
presently detained prior to trial, the incidence of crime charged against 
persons released pending trial under this chapter, and the availability 
of community resources to implement the conditions of release which 
may be imposed under this chapter. 
1
8 use 3153. 
"§3153. Organization of pretrial services agencies. 
"(a) The powers of five pretrial services agencies shall be vested 
in the Division of Probation of the Administrative Office of the United 
States Courts. Such Division shall establish general policy for such 
agencies. 
Board of Trust- 
" (b) (1) The powcrs of eacli of the remaining five pretrial services 
^^^" 
agencies shall be vested in a Board of Trustees which shall consist of 
seven members. The Board of Trustees shall establish general policy 
for the agency. 
Membership. 
"(2) Mcmbers of the Board of Trustees shall be appointed by the 
chief judge of the United States district court for the district in which 
such agency is established as follows: 
"(A) one member, who shall be a United States district'court 
judge; 
"(B) one member, who shall be the United States attorney; 
"(C) two members, who shall be members of the local bar 
active in the defense of criminal cases, and one of whom shall be 
a Federal public defender, if any; 
"(D) one member, who shall be the chief probation officer; and 
"(E) two members who shall be representatives of com-
munity organizations. 
Term. 
"(c) The term of office of a member of the Board of Trustees 
appointed pursuant to clauses (C) (other than a public defender) and 
Vacancy. 
(g^ Q^ subsectiou (b) (2) shall be three years. A vacancy in the Board 
shall be filled in the same manner as the original appointment. Any 
member appointed pursuant to clause (C) (other than a public 
defender) or (E) of subsection (b) (2) to fill a vacancy occurring 
prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
2087 
appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of such term. 
"(d) (1) In each of the five demonstration districts in which pre-
trial service agencies are established pursuant to subsection (a) of 
this section, the pretrial service officer shall be a Federal probation 
officer of the district designated for this purpose by the Chief of the 
Division of Probation and shall be compensated at a rate not in excess 
of the rate prescribed for GS-16 by section 5332 of title 5, L'nited 
States Code. 
"(2) In each of the five remaining demonstration districts in which 
pretrial service agencies are established pursuant to subsection (b) (1) 
of this section, after reviewing the recommendations of the judges of 
the district court to be served by the agency, each such Board of 
Trustees shall appoint a chief pretrial service officer, who shall be 
compensated at a rate to be established by the chief judge of the court, 
but not in excess of the rate prescribed for GS-15 by section 5332 of 
title 5, United States Code. 
"(3) The designated probation officer or the chief pretrial service 
officer, subject to the general policy established by the Division of 
Probation or the Board of Trustees, respectively, shall be responsible 
for the direction and supervision of the agency and may appoint and 
fix the compensation of such other personnel as may be necessary to 
staff such agency, and may appoint such experts and consultants as 
may be necessary, pursuant to section 3109 of title 5, United States 
Code. The compensation of such personnel so appointed shall be com-
parable to levels of compensation established under chapter 53 of title 
5, United States Code. 
"§3154. Functions and powers of pretrial services agencies. 
is use 3154. 
"Each pretrial services agency shall perform such of the following 
functions as the district court to be served may specify: 
"(1) Collect, verify, and report promptly to the judicial officer 
information pertaining to the pretrial release of each person 
charged with an offense, and recommend appropriate release con-
ditions for each such person, but such information as may be 
contained in the agency's files or presented in its report or which 
shall be divulged during the course of any hearing shall be used 
only for the purpose of a bail determination and shall otherwise 
be confidential. In their respective districts, the Division of Pro- 
Regulations. 
bation or the Board of Trustees shall issue regulations establish-
ing policy on the release of agency files. Such regulations shall 
create an exception to the confidentiality requirement so that such 
information shall be available to members of the agency's staff' 
and to qualified persons for purposes of research related to the 
administration of criminal justice. Such regulations may create 
. 
an exception to the confidentiality requirement so that access to 
agency files will be permitted by agencies under contract pur-
suant to paragraph (4) of this section; to probation officers for 
the purpose of compiling a presentence report and in certain 
limited cases to law enforcement agencies for law enforcement 
purposes. In no case shall such information be admissible on the 
issue of guilt in any judicial proceeding, and in their respective 
districts, the Division of Probation or the Board of Trustees may 
permit such information to be used on the issue of guilt for a 
crime committed in the course of obtaining pretrial release. 
"(2) Eeview and modify the reports and recommendations 
specified in paragraph (1) for persons seeking release pursuant to 
section 3146(e) or section 3147. 
^is use sue, 
"(3) Supervise persons released into its custody under this 
chapter. 
2088 
PUBLIC LAW 93-619-JAN. 3, 1975 
[88 
STAT. 
18 u s e app. 
18 u s e 3155. 
Annual report. 
Comprehensive 
report. 
18 u s e 3156. 
18 u s e 3041. 
"(4) With the cooperation of the Administrative Office of the 
United States Courts, and with the approval of the Attorney Gen-
eral, operate or contract for the operation of appropriate facilities 
for the custody or care of persons released under this chapter 
including, but not limited to, residential halfway houses, addict 
and alcoholic treatment centers, and counseling services. 
"(5) Inform the court of all apparent violations of pretrial 
release conditions or arrests of persons released to its custody or 
under its supervision and recommend appropriate modifications 
of release conditions. 
"(6) Serve as coordinator for other local agencies which serve 
or are eligible to serve as custodians under this chapter and advise 
the court as to the eligibility, availability, and capacity of such 
agencies. 
" (7) Assist persons released under this chapter in securing any 
necessary employment, medical, legal, or social services. 
"(8) Prepare, in cooperation with the United States marshal 
and the United States attorney such pretrail detention reports 
as are recpiired by the provisions of the Federal Rules of Criminal 
Procedure relating to the supervision of detention pending trial. 
" (9) Perform such other functions as the court may, from time 
to time, assign. 
"§3155. Report to Congress. 
" (a) The Director of the Administrative Office of the United States 
Courts shall annually report to Congress on the accomplishments of the 
pretrial services agencies, with particular attention to (1) their effec-
tiveness in reducing crime committed by persons released under this 
chapter; (2) their effectiveness in reducing the volume and cost of 
unnecessary pretrial detention; and (3) their effectiveness in improv-
ing the operation of this chapter. The Director shall include in his 
fourth annual report recommendations for any necessary modification 
of this chapter or expansion to other districts. Such report shall also 
compare the accomplishments of the pretrial services agencies operated 
by the Division of Probation with those operated by Boards of Trustees 
and with monetary bail or any other program generally used in State 
and Federal courts to guarantee presence at trial. 
"(b) On or before the expiration of the forty-eighth-month period 
following July 1, 1975, the Director of the Administrative Office of the 
United States Courts shall file a comprehensive report with the Con-
gress concerning the administration and operation of the amend-
ments made by the Speedy Trial Act of 1974, including his views and 
recommendations with respect thereto. 
"§3156. Definitions. 
" (a) As used in sections 3146-3150 of this chapter— 
"(1) The term 'judicial officer' means, unless otherwise indi-
cated, any person or court authorized pursuant to section 3041 of 
this title, or the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to bail or 
otherwise release a person before trial or sentencing or pending 
appeal in a court of the United States, and any judge of the Supe-
rior Court of the District of Columbia; and 
"(2) The term 'offense' means any criminal offense, other than 
an offense triable by court-martial, military commission, provost 
court, or other military tribunal, which is in violation of an Act of 
Congress and is triable in any court established by Act of 
Congress. 
" (b) As used in sections 3152-3155 of this chapter— 
"(1) the term 'judicial officer' means, unless otherwise indi-
cated, any person or court authorized pursuant to section 3041 of 
this title, or the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure, to bail or 
88 
STAT.] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-620-JAN. 3, 1975 
2089 
otherwise release a person before trial or sentencing or pending 
appeal in a court of the United States, and 
"(2) the term 'offense' means any Federal criminal offense 
which is in violation of any Act of Congress and is triable by any 
court established by Act of Congress (other than a petty offense 
as defined in section 1 (3) of this title, or an offense triable by court-
martial, military commission, provost court, or other military 
tribunal)." 
SEC. 202. The analysis of chapter 207 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by striking out the last item and inserting in lieu 
thereof the following: 
"3152. Establishment of Pretrial Services Agencies. 
"3153. Organization of Pretrial Services Agencies. 
"3154. Functions and Powers of Pretrial Services Agencies. 
"3155. Report to Congress. 
"3156. Definitions." 
SEC. 203. For the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this title 
and the amendments made by this title there is hereby authorized to 
be appropriated for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1975, to remain 
available until expended, the sum of $10,000,000, 
SEC. 204. Section 604 of title 28, United States Code, is amended 
by striking out paragraphs (9) through (12) of subsection (a) and 
inserting in lieu thereof: 
"(9) Establish pretrial services agencies pursuant to section 
3152 of title 18, United States Code; 
"(10) Purchase, exchange, transfer, distribute, and assign the 
custody of lawbooks, equipment, and supplies needed for the 
maintenance and operation of the courts, the Federal Judicial 
Center, the offices of the United States magistrates and commis-
sioners, and the offices of pretrial sei-vices agencies; 
"(11) Audit vouchers and accounts of the courts, the Federal 
Judicial Center, the pretrial service agencies, and their clerical and 
administrative personnel; 
"(12) Provide accommodations for the courts, the Federal 
Judicial Center, the pretrial services agencies and their clerical 
and administrative personnel; 
"(13) Perform such other duties as may be assigned to him 
by the Supreme Court or the Judicial Conference of the United 
States.". 
Approved January 3, 1975. 
Appropriation. 
Ante, 
p. 208(5. 
Public Law 93-620 
AN A C T 
January 3, 1975 
To further protect the outstanding scenic, natural, and scientific values of the 
'
^
^
^ ^296] 
Grand Canyon by enlarging the Grand Canyon National Park in the State of 
Arizona, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the SeTiate and House of Representatives 
of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled. 
Grand canyon 
•' 
^ 
' 
National Park En-
largement Act. 
SHORT TITLE 
SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "Grand Canyon National 
^^ "^^ ^^^^ 
Park Enlargement Act". 
DECLARATION OF POLICY 
SEC. 2. It is the object of this Act to provide for the recognition by 
^^ ^^^ 228a. 
Congress that the entire Grand Canyon, from the mouth of the Paria