macadeliccc/US-FederalLaws huggingface dataset:
A bill to amend the Farm Credit Act of 1971 relating to credit eligibility for cooperatives serving agricultural producers, and to enlarge the access of production credit associations to Federal district courts.
PL 94-184 (H.R.7862), enacted 12/31/1975

89 STAT. 1060 
PUBLIC LAW 94-184—DEC. 31, 1975 
Public Law 94-184 
94th Congress 
Dec. 31, 1975 
[H.R. 7862] 
Farm Credit Act 
of 1971, 
amendments. 
12 u s e 2001 
note. 
12 u s e 2129. 
12 u s e 2258. 
An Act 
To amend the Farm Credit Act of 1971 relating to credit eligibility for coopera-
tives serving agricultural producers, and to enlarge the access of production 
credit associations to Federal district courts. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assemhled^ That the Farm 
Credit Act of 1971 (Public Law 92-181, 85 Stat. 583) is amended as 
follows: 
(a) Section 3.8(d) is amended by inserting after "80 per centum" 
the following: " (70 per centuni in the case of rural electric, telephone, 
and public utility cooperatives)". 
(b) Section 5.24 is amended by striking out all after the first 
sentence. 
Approved December 31, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-609 (Comm. on Agriculture). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-554 (Comm. on Agriculture and Forestry). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Nov. 4, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 17, considered and passed Senate.
A bill to extend the Renegotiation Act of 1951 for 6 months.
PL 94-185 (H.R.11016), enacted 12/31/1975

PUBLIC LAW 94-185—DEC. 31, 1975 
89 STAT. 1061 
Public Law 94-185 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To extend the Renegotiation Act of 1951 for nine months. 
Dec. 31, 1975 
[H.R. 11016] 
Be it enacted hy the Senate cmd House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled^ That section 102(c) 50 U
S
C app. 
(1) of the Renegotiation Act of 1951 is amended by striking out 1212. 
"December 31,1975" and inserting in lieu thereof "September 30,1976", 
Approved December 31, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Dec. 15, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 17, considered and passed Senate, amended. 
Dec. 18, House concurred in Senate amendments. 
57-194 O - 77 - 71
A bill to increase the retired pay of certain members of the former Lighthouse Service.
PL 94-178 (H.R.6851), enacted 12/23/1975

PUBLIC LAW 94-178—DEC. 23, 1975 
89 STAT. 1033 
Public Law 94-178 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To increase the retired pay of certain members of the former Lighthouse Service. 
Dec. 23, 1975 
[H.R. 6851] 
Be it enacted hy the Seriate aTid House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assemhled, That t<he annual rate Lighthouse Service 
of retired pay received by a person under section 6 of the Act of employees. 
June 20, 1918, as amended and supplemented (33 U.S.C. 736-765), Retired pay 
who was retired on or before October 1, 1972, shall, effective on the '"^"J^^^' 
first day of the calendar month following enactment of this Act, be ^^ V^^^^^ "''It' 
increased by $270. 
^^ U
S
C 763-765. 
Approved December 23, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-663 (Comm. on Merchant Marine and Fisheries). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, VoL 121 (1975): 
Nov. 17, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 16, considered and passed Senate.
A bill to amend the Act of July 7, 1970 (84 Stat. 409) to authorize appropriations to the Secretary of the Interior without reference to the agencies involved.
PL 94-175 (S.1922), enacted 12/23/1975

89 STAT. 1030 
PUBLIC LAW 94-175—DEC. 23, 1975 
Public Law 94-175 
94th Congress 
An Act 
Dec. 23, 1975 
[S. 1922] 
Walla Walla 
project, Oreg.-
Wash. 
Appropriation 
authorization. 
43 u s e 616yyyy. 
To amend the Act of July 7, 1970 (84 Stat. 409) to authorize appropriations 
to the Secretary of the Interior without reference to the agencies involved. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 6 of the 
Act entitled "An Act to authorize the Secretary of the Interior to 
construct, operate, and maintain the Touchet Division, Walla Walla 
project, Oregon-Washington, and for other purposes", approved 
July 7,1970 (84 Stat. 409), is amended to read as follows: 
"SEC. 6. There are authorized to be appropriated for construction 
of the works involved in the Touchet Division the sum of $22,774,000 
(January 1969 prices), plus or minus such amounts, if any, as may 
be required by reason of changes in the cost of construction work of 
the types involved therein as shown by engineering cost indexes, and, 
in addition thereto, such sums as may be required to operate and 
maintain such division.". 
Approved December 23, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-695 (Comm. on Interior and Insular Affairs). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-417 (Comm. on Interior and Insular Affairs). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Oct. 9, considered and passed Senate. 
Dec. 16, considered and passed House.
A bill to extend until April 30, 1976, the authority of the National Commission for the review of Federal and State laws relating to wiretapping and electronic surveillance.
PL 94-176 (S.2757), enacted 12/23/1975

PUBLIC LAW 94-176—DEC. 23, 1975 
89 STAT. 1031 
Public Law 94-176 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To extend until April 30, 1976, the authority of the National Commission for 
Dec. 23, 1975 
the Review of Federal and State Laws Relating to Wiretapping and Elec- 
[s. 2757] 
tronic Surveillance. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the 
United States of America in Congress assemhled^ That section 804(h) 
Termination date, 
of the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968, as Extension, 
amended (82 Stat. 197; 18 U.S.C. 2510 note), is further amended by 
striking out "January 
31, 1976" and inserting in lieu thereof 
"April 30, 1976". 
Approved December 23, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Dec. 9, considered and passed Senate. 
Dec. 15, considered and passed House.
Joint resolution to provide for the beginning of the second session of the ninety-fourth Congress and for other purposes.
PL 94-186 (H.J.Res.749), enacted 12/31/1975

89 STAT. 1062 
PUBLIC LAW 94-186—DEC. 31, 1975 
Public Law 94-186 
94th Congress 
Joint Resolution 
Dec. 31, 1975 
TO provide for the beginning of the second session of the Ninety-fourth CJongress 
[H.J. Res. 749] 
aiid for other purposes. 
Resolved hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
94th Congress. 
States of America in Congress Assemhled^ That the second regular 
Second session. 
session of the Ninety-fourth Congress shall begin at noon on Monday, 
January 19, 1976. 
Reports to 
SEC. 2. That (a) notwithstanding the provisions of section 201 of 
Congress. 
the Act of June 10,1922, as amended (31 U.S.C. section 11), the Presi-
dent shall transmit to the Congress not later than January 21, 1976, 
the budget for the fiscal year 1977, and (b) notwithstanding the pro-
visions of section 3 of the Act of February 20, 1946, as amended (15 
U.S.C. section 1022), the President shall transmit to the Congress not 
later than January 26, 1976, the Economic Report, and (c) notwith-
standing the provisions of clause (3) of section 5(b) of such Act (15 
U.S.C. 1024(6)), the Joint Economic Committee shall file its report 
on the President's 1976 Economic Report with the Senate and the 
House of Representatives not later than March 19, 1976. 
SEC. 3. That prior to the convening of the second regular session of 
the Ninety-fourth Congress on January 19, 1976, as provided in sec-
tion 1 of this resolution. Congress shall reassemble at 12 o'clock 
meridian on the second day after its Members are notified in accord-
ance with section 4 of this resolution. 
SEC. 4. The Speaker of the House of Representatives and the Presi-
dent pro tempore of the Senate shall notify the Members of the House 
and the Senate, respectively, to reassemble whenever in their opinion 
the public interest shall warrant it or whenever the majority leader 
of the House and the majority leader of the Senate, acting jointly, or 
the minority leader of the House and the minority leader of the Senate, 
acting jointly, file a written request with the Clerk of the House and 
the Secretary of the Senate that the Congress reassemble for the con-
sideration of legislation. 
Approved December 31, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, VoL 121 (1975): 
Dec. 16, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 17, considered and passed Senate, amended. 
Dec. 19, House concurred in Senate amendment.
An Act to authorize an exchange of lands for an entrance road at Guadalupe Mountains National Park, Texas, and for other purposes.
PL 94-174 (S.313), enacted 12/23/1975

PUBLIC LAW 94-174—DEC. 23, 1975 
89 STAT. 1029 
Public Law 94-174 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To authorize an exchange of lands for an entrance road at Guadalupt? Mountains 
National Park, Texas, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That subsection (b) 
of section 2 of the Act approved October 15, 1966 (80 Stat. 920), pro-
viding for the establishment of the Guadalupe Mountains National 
Park in the State of Texas, is amended by adding the folloAving after 
the third sentence: "In order to provide for an adequate entrance road 
into the McKittrick Canyon area of the park, the Secretary may accept 
title to and interests in lands comprising a right-of-way for a road or 
roads outside of the boundary of the park from United States High-
way numbered 62 and 180 to the park boundary, and in exchange 
therefor he may convey title to and interests in lands comprising a 
right-of-way from said highway to the boundary which have been 
donated to the United States. The Secretary may accept cash from or 
pay cash to the grantor in such exchange in order to equalize the values 
of the properties exchanged. Lands and interests in lands comprising 
the right-of-way acquired pursuant to this subsection shall be admin-
istered as part of the park.". 
Approved December 23 1975. 
Dec. 23, 1975 
[S. 313] 
Guadalupe 
Mountains 
National Park, 
Tex. 
Lands exchange. 
16 u s e 283a. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-683 accompanying H.R. 1747 (Comm. on Interior and Insular 
Affairs). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-164 (Comm. on Interior and Insular Affairs). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
June 4, considered and passed Senate. 
Dec. 1, considered and passed House, amended, in lieu of H.R. 1747. 
Dec. 17, Senate concurred in House amendment.
A bill to amend title 39, United States Code, to prohibit certain franked mailings by Members of Congress and certain officers of the United States, other than mailings related to the closing of their official business, after such Members or officers have left office.
PL 94-177 (H.R.4865), enacted 12/23/1975

89 STAT. 1032 
PUBLIC LAW 94-177—DEC. 23, 1975 
Dec. 23, 1975 
[H.R. 4865] 
Former Members 
of Congress. 
Franking 
privil 
Public Law 94-177 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To amend title 39, United States Code, to prohibit certain franked mailings by 
Members of the Congress and certain officers of the United States, other than 
mailings related to the closing of their official business, after such Members or 
officers have left office. 
Be it enacted hy the Seriate and House of Representatives 
of the 
United 
States 
of America 
in Congress assembled, That (a) section 
3210(b) (1) of title 39, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking out "and" immediately before "each"; and 
(2) by striking out "until the 1st day of April following the 
expiration of their respective terms of office,". 
(b) Section 3210(b) of title 39, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end thereof the following new paragraph: 
"(3) The Vice President, each Member of Congress, the Secretary 
of the Senate, the Sergeant at Arms of the Senate, and each of the 
elected officers of the House (other than a Member of the House), 
during the 90-day period immediately following the date on which 
they leave office, may send, as franked mail, matter on official business 
relating to the closing of their respective offices. The House Commis-
sion on Congressional Mailing Standards and the Select Committee 
on Standards and Conduct of the Senate shall prescribe for their 
respective Houses such rules and regulations, and shall take such 
other action as the Commission or Committee considers necessary and-
proper, to carry out the provisions of this paragraph.". 
Approved December 23, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-443 (Coram, on Post Office and Civil Service). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-538 (Coram, on Post Office and Civil Service). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Oct. 6, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 15, considered and passed Senate.
A bill to authorize the President of the United States to present in the name of Congress, a medal to Brig.  Gen. Charles E. Yeager.
PL 94-179 (H.R.8151), enacted 12/23/1975

89 STAT. 1034 
PUBLIC LAW 94-179—DEC. 23, 1975 
Dec. 23, 1975 
[H.R. 8151] 
Brig. Gen. 
Charles E. 
Yeager. 
Medal. 
Appropriation 
authorization. 
Duplicates. 
Public Law 94-179 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To authorize the President of the United States to present in the name of 
Congress, a medal to Brigadier General Charles E. Yeager. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That the President 
of the United States is hereby authorized to present, on behalf of the 
Congress, to Brigadier General Charles E. Yeager, United States Air 
Force, an appropriate silver medal, equivalent to a noncombat Medal 
of Honor, for contributing immeasurably to aerospace science by risk-
ing his life in piloting the XS-1 research airplane faster than the 
speed of sound on Octooer 14,1947. For such purpose the Secretary of 
the Treasury is authorized and directed to cause to be struck a silver 
medal with suitable emblems, devices, and inscriptions to be deter-
mined by the Secretary of the Air Force subject to the approval of the 
Secretary of the Treasury. There is hereby authorized to be appro-
priated the sum of $5,500 for this purpose. 
SEC. 2. The Secretary of the Treasury shall cause duplicates in 
bronze of such medal to be coined and sold, under such regulations as 
he may prescribe, at a price sufficient to cover the cost thereof (includ-
ing labor), and the appropriations used in carrying out the provisions 
of this section shall be reimbursed out of the proceeds of such sale. 
Approved December 23, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-565 (Comm. on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Oct. 20, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 16, considered and passed Senate.
A bill to increase the amount of benefits payable to widows of certain former employees of the Lighthouse Service.
PL 94-170 (H.R.1535), enacted 12/23/1975

89 STAT. 1022 
PUBLIC LAW 94-170—DEC. 23, 1975 
Public Law 94-170 
94th Congress 
An Act 
Dec. 23, 1975 
rp^ increase the amount of benefits payable to widows of certain former employees 
[H.R. 1535] 
of the Lighthouse Service. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
Lighthouse 
United States of America in Congress asserribled^ That the benefits 
Service. 
payable under section 1 or section 2 of the Act of August 19, 1950 
Widows benefits. 
(64 Stat. 465, 466), as amended (33 U.S.C. 771, 772) shall, effective 
33 use 771 note. ^^ ^^ £jj,g^ ^j^y ^-f ^^ calendar month following enactment of this 
Act, be increased by $26 per month. 
SEC. 2. The increases under this Act shall apply to benefits which 
commence before, on, or after the date of enactment of this Act, but 
no increase in benefits shall be paid for any period prior to the date of 
enactment of this Act, or the date on which the eligibility for benefits 
commences, whichever is later. 
Approved December 23, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-661 (Comm. on Merchant Marine and Fisheries). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Nov. 17, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 16, considered and passed Senate.
An Act to amend the joint resolution approved December 28, 1973, providing for the establishment of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial Grove on the Potomac, and for other purposes.
PL 94-162 (H.R.9883), enacted 12/20/1975

89 STAT. 870 
PUBLIC LAW 94-162—DEC. 20, 1975 
Dec. 20, 1975 
[H.R. 9883] 
Lyndon Baines 
Johnson 
Memorial Grove 
on the Potomac, 
development 
authorization. 
Public Law 94-162 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To amend the Joint Resolution approved December 28, 1973, providing for the 
establishment of the Lyndon Baines Jotinson Memorial Grove on the Potomac, 
and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted hy_ the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, That section 3 of 
the joint resolution approved December 28, 1973 (87 Stat. 909), pro-
viding for the establishment of the Lyndon Baines Johnson Memorial 
Grove on the Potomac, is amended by changing the period in the last 
sentence to a comma and inserting the following thereafter: "except 
that this provision shall not apply to the development, hereby 
authorized, of improvements to federally owned land that will facili-
tate or enhance the pedestrian and vehicular access to the memorial; 
Provided, however, That in no event shall Federal expenditures for 
such development exceed $1,000,000." 
Approved December 20, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-684 (Comm. on Interior and Insular Affairs). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-530 (Comm. on Rules and Administration). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Dec. 1, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 11, considered and passed Senate.
An Act to provide for establishment of the Father Marquette National Memorial near Saint Ignace, Michigan, and for other purposes.
PL 94-160 (H.R.2724), enacted 12/20/1975

89 STAT. 84« 
PUBLIC LAW 94-160—DEC. 20, 1975 
Public Law 94-160 
94th Congress 
Dec. 20, 1975 
[H.R. 2724] 
Father Marquette 
National 
Memorial, Mich. 
Establishment. 
16 u s e 431 note. 
16 u s e 431 note. 
Publication in 
Federal Register. 
16 u s e 431 note. 
Appropriation 
authorization. 
16 u s e 431 note. 
An Act 
To provide for establishment of the Father Marquette National Memorial near 
Saint Ignace, Michigan, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the 
United States 
of America 
in Congress asserribled^ That the area of 
Saint Ignace, Michigan, is recognized as an appropriate location for 
a national memorial to commemorate Father Jacques Marquette, who 
was buried there in 1678, and that the Secretary of the Interior (here-
inafter referred to as the "Secretary") is authorized to take appropri-
ate action, as hereinafter provided, to commemorate the advent and 
history of Father Marquette in North America, including his estab-
lishment of a mission at Saint Ignace in 1671, and his historic explora-
tion, in company with Louis Joliet, of the Mississippi River in 1673. 
SEC. 2. The Secretary shall enter into an agreement, satisfactory 
to him, with the Governor of the State of Michigan providing for the 
location, design, construction, and operation by the State of Michigan 
of the Father Marquette National Memorial in the area of Saint 
Ignace, Michigan. Upon conclusion of that agreement, and when in 
the opinion of the Secretary sufficient lands have been acquired by the 
State of Michigan to constitute an efficiently administrable memorial 
for the purposes of this Act, the Secretary is authorized to designate 
the Father Marquette National Memorial by publication of notice 
thereof in the Federal Register. 
SEC. 3. In conjunction with the development and operation of the 
memorial provided for by this Act, the Secretary is authorized to 
render to the State of Michigan such assistance, including, but not 
limited to, technical advice and grants of funds for land acquisition 
and development, as he deems appropriate to promote public under-
standing and appreciation of the significant role of Jacques Marquette 
in the history of the Nation: Provided^ That before any such assistance 
is rendered by the Secretary, the agreement referred to in section 2 of 
this Act shall have been concluded. 
SEC. 4. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated such sums, 
but not to exceed $1,000,000, as may be necessary for assistance ren-
dered by the Secretary pursuant to the provisions of this Act. 
Approved December 20, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-546 (eomm. on Interior and Insular Affairs). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-492 (eomm. on Rules and Administration). 
eONGRESSIONAL REeORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Nov. 4, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 11, considered and passed Senate.
Joint resolution making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1976, and for other purposes.
PL 94-159 (H.J.Res.733), enacted 12/20/1975

PUBLIC LAW 94-159—DEC. 20, 1975 
Public Law 94-159 
94th Congress 
Joint Resolution 
89 STAT. 847 
Making further continuing appropriations for the fiscal year 1976, and for other 
purposes. 
Resolved 'by the Seriate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled, That clause (c) of section 
102 of the joint resolution of June 27, 1975 (Public Law 94-41), is 
hereby amended by striking out "sine die adjournment of the first 
session of the Ninety-fourth Congress" and inserting in lieu thereof 
"March 31,1976". 
Approved December 20, 1975. 
Dec. 20, 1975 
[H.J. Res. 7331 
Continuing 
appropriations, 
1976. 
Ante, p. 230. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-688 (Comm. on Appropriations). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-517 (Comm. on Appropriations) 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Dec. 4, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 12, considered and passed Senate.
A bill to grant an alien child adopted by an unmarried U.S. citizen the same immigrant status as an alien child adopted by a U.S. citizen and his spouse.
PL 94-155 (H.R.568), enacted 12/16/1975

89 STAT. 824 
PUBLIC LAW 94-155—DEC. 16, 1975 
Public Law 94-155 
94th Congress 
An Act 
Dec, lo, 1975 
r]^^ grant an alien child adopted by an unmarried United States citizen the 
[H.R. 568] 
same immigrant status as an alien child adopted by a United States citizen 
and his spouse. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of the 
Alien children. 
United States of America in Congress assembled^ That section 101(b) 
adoption. 
(1) (F) of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(b) 
(1) ( F ) ) is amended to read as follows: 
" ( F ) a child, under the age of fourteen at the time a petition 
is filed in his behalf to accord a classification as an immediate rela-
8 use 1151. 
tive under section 201(b), who is an orphan because of the death 
or disappearance of, abandonment or desertion by, or separation 
or loss from, both parents, or for whom the sole or surviving 
parent is incapable of providing the proper care and has in 
writing irrevocably released the child for emigration and adop-
tion; who has been adopted abroad by a United States citizen 
and spouse jointly, or by an unmarried United States citizen at 
least twenty-five years of age, who personally saw and observed 
the child prior to or during the adoption proceedings; or who is 
coming to the United States for adoption by a United States 
citizen and spouse jointly, or by an unmarried United States 
citizen at least twenty-five years of age, who have or has com-
plied with the preadoption requirements, if any, of the child's 
proposed residence: Provided, That the Attorney General is satis-
fied that proper care will be furnished the child if admitted to the 
United States: Provided 
further., That no natural parent or prior 
adoptive parent of any such child shall thereafter, by virtue of 
such parentage, be accorded any right, privilege, or status under 
this Act.". 
Approved December 16, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-121 (Comm. on the Judiciary). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-464 (Comm. on the Judiciary). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Apr. 21, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 2, considered and passed Senate, amended. 
Dec. 3, House concurred in Senate amendment.