An Act to amend title 38, United States Code, to increase vocational rehabilitation subsistence allowances, educational and training assistance allowances, and special allowances paid to eligible veterans and persons under chapters 31, 34, and 35 of such title; to improve and expand the special programs for educationally disadvantaged veterans and servicemen under chapter 34 of such title; to improve and expand the veteran student services program; to establish an education loan program for veterans and persons eligible for benefits under chapter 34 or 35 of such title; to make other improvements in the educational assistance program and in the administration of educational benefits; to promote the employment of veterans and the wives and widows of certain veterans by improving and expanding the provisions governing the operation of the Veterans Employment Service, by increasing the employment of veterans by Federal contractors and subcontractors, and by providing for an action plan for the employment of disabled and Vietnam era veterans within the Federal Government; to codify and expand veterans reemployment rights; and for other purposes.
PL 93-508 (H.R.12628), enacted 12/03/1974

1578 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
"(c) For recovery of overcharges action at law shall be begun or 
complaint filed with the Commission against carriers within two 
years from the time the cause of action accrues, and not after, subject 
to subsection (d) of this section, except that if claim for.the overcharge 
has been presented in writing to the carrier within the two-year 
period of limitation said period shall be extended to include two 
years from the time notice in writing is given by the carrier to the 
claimant of disallowance of the claim, or any part or parts thereof, 
specified in the notice." 
Approved November 30, 1974. 
Public Law 93-508 
Decembers, 1974 
- ^ ^ 
A C T 
[H. R. 12628] 
ry,Q amend title 38, United States Code, to increase vocational rehabilitation sub-
sistence allowances, educational and training assistance allowances, and special 
allowances paid to eligible veterans and persons under chapters 31, 34, and 35 
of such title; to improve and expand the special programs for educationally 
disadvantaged veterans and servicemen under chapter 34 of such title; to 
improve and expand the veteran-student services program; to establish an 
education loan program for veterans and persons eligible for benefits under 
chapter 34 or 35 of such title; to make other improvements in the educational 
assistance program and in the administration of educational benefits; to 
promote the employment of veterans and the wives and widows of certain 
veterans by improving and expanding the provisions governing the operation 
of the Veterans Employment Service, by increasing the employment of veterans 
by Federal contractors and subcontractors, and by providing for an action 
plan for the employment of disabled and Vietnam era veterans within the 
Federal Government; to codify and expand veterans reemployment rights ; and 
for other purposes. 
Be it enacted 
hy the S,enate and House 
of Representatives 
of the 
United 
States 
of America 
in Congress 
assenibled^ Tliat this Act may 
/uVtment AssF^t- 
be citcd as the "Vietnam E r a Veterans' Readjustment Assistance Act 
ance Act of 1974. 
o f 1 9 7 4 " . 
Vietnam Era 
Veterans' Read-
38 u s e 1501 
note. 
38 u s e 1501. 
38 u s e 1502. 
T I T L E I — V O C A T I O N A L R E H A B I L I T A T I O N A N D E D U C A -
T I O N A L 
A N D 
T R A I N I N G 
A S S I S T A N C E 
A L L O W A N C E 
R A T E A D J U S T M E N T S 
SEC. 101. Chapter 81 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by inserting in section 1501(2) a comma and "all appropri-
ate individualized tutorial assistance," after "counseling"; 
(2) by striking out in section 1502(a) all after "if such disabil-
ity" and inserting in lieu thereof "arose out of service during 
World W a r I I or thereafter."; and 
88 STAT. 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1579 
(3) by amending the table contained in section 1504(b) to read 
subsistence ai-
as follows: 
lowances. 
38 use 1504. 
"Column I 
Type of training 
Institutional: 
Full-time 
Half-time 
- 
--
Farm cooperative, apprentice, or other 
on-the-job training: 
Full-time 
Column II 
No 
dependents 
$201 
151 
100 
175 
Column III 
One 
dependent 
$249 
188 
126 
212 
Column IV 
Two 
dependents 
$293 
221 
147 
246 
Column V 
More than two 
dependents 
The amount in 
column IV, 
plus the fol-
lowing for each 
dependent in 
excess of two: 
$21 
17 
11 
17". 
SEC. 102. Chapter 34 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by striking out in the last sentence of section 1677(b) 
"$220" and inserting in lieu thereof "$260"; 
(2) by amending the table contained in section 1682(a) (1) to 
read as follows: 
Flight training. 
38 use 1677. 
Educational as;-
sistance allow-
ances. 
38 use 1682. 
"Column I 
Type of program 
Institutional: 
Full-time 
Half-time... 
-. 
Column II 
No 
dependents 
$270 
203 
135 
217 
Colunm III 
One 
dependent 
$321 
240 
160 
255 
Column IV 
Two 
dependents 
$366 
275 
182 
289 
Coliunn V 
More than two 
dependents 
The amount in 
column IV, 
plus the follow-
ing for each de-
pendent in 
excess of two: 
$22 
17 
11 
17"; 
(3) by striking out in section 1682(b) "$220" and inserting in 
lieu thereof "$260"; 
(4) by amending the table contained in section 1682(c) (2) to 
read as follows: 
"Column I 
Basis 
Full-time 
Half-time 
Column II 
No 
dependents 
$217 
163 
109 
Coliunn III 
One 
dependent 
$255 
191 
128 
Column IV 
Two 
dependents 
$289 
218 
145 
Column V 
More than two 
dependents 
The amount in 
column IV, 
plus the fol-
lowing for each 
dependent in 
excess of two: 
$17 
13 
9"; 
1580 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
38 u s e 1696. 
Allowance 
computation. 
38 u s e 1732. 
38 u s e 1742. 
Special train-
ing allowance. 
Correspondence 
courses. 
38 u s e 1786. 
On-job-training 
allowance. 
38 u s e 1787. 
and 
(5) by striking out in section 1696(b) "$220" and inserting in 
lieu thereof "$260". 
SEC. 103. Chapter 35 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by amending section 1732(a) (1) to read as follows: 
"(a) (1) The educational assistance allowance on behalf of an eligi-
ble person who is pursuing a program of education consisting of insti-
tutional courses shall be computed at the rate prescribed in section 
1682(a) (1) of this title for full-time, three-quarter-time, or half-time 
pursuit, as appropriate, of an institutional program by an eligible vet-
eran with no dependents."; 
(2) by striking out in section 1732(a) (2) all after and includ-
ing "of (A)" and inserting in lieu thereof "prescribed in section 
1682(b) (2) of this title for less-than-half-time pursuit of an insti-
tutional program by an eligible veteran."; 
(3) by striking out in section 1732(b) "$177" and inserting in 
lieu thereof "$209"; and 
(4) by amending section 1742(a) to read as follows: 
" (a) While the eligible person is enrolled in and pursuing a full-time 
course of special restorative training, the parent or guardian shall be 
entitled to receive on behalf of such person a special training allowance 
computed at the basic rate of $260 per month. If the charges for tuition 
and fees applicable to any such course are more than $82 per calendar 
month, the basic monthly allowance may be increased by the amount 
that such charges exceed $82 a month, upon election by the parent or 
guardian of the eligible person to have such person's period of entitle-
ment reduced by one day for each $8.69 that the special training allow-
ance paid exceeds the basic monthly allowance.". 
SEC. 104. Chapter 36 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by striking out in section 1786(a) (2) "$220" and inserting 
in lieu thereof "$260"; 
(2) by amending the table contained in paragraph (1) of sec-
tion 1787(b) to read as follows: 
"Column I 
Periods of training 
First 6 months 
Second 6 months 
Third 6 months.-
Fourth and any succeeding 6-month periods-
Column II 
No 
dependents 
$189 
142 
96 
47 
Column III 
One 
dependent 
$212 
164 
117 
70 
Column IV 
Two 
dependents 
$232 
184 
137 
90 
Column V 
More than two 
dependents 
The amount in 
column IV, 
plus the fol-
lowing for each 
dependent in 
excess of two: 
$9 
9 
9 
9"; 
and 
(3) by amending section 1787(b) (2) to read as follows: 
"(2) The monthly training assistance allowance of an eligible per-
son pursuing a program described under subsection (a) shall be 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
..imi 
computed at the rate prescribed in paragraph (1) of this subsection 
for an eligible veteran with no dependents pursuing such a course.". 
SEC. 105. (a) The Administrator shall carry out directly a thorough ^Z'^^^aiilwantT 
study and investigation of the administrative difficulties and oppor- program abuses. 
tunities or abuse that would be occasioned by enactment of some form study. 
of variable tuition assistance allowance program, with reference to note. 
such difficulties and abuses experienced by the Veterans' Admin-
istration after the end of World War I I in carrying out the provisions 
of Veterans' Regulation Numbered 1(a), relating to the payment of 
tuition and related expenses for veterans of World War I I pursuing 
a program of education or training under the Servicemen's Read-
justment Act of 1944, and to any such difficulties and abuses presently 
ss stat. 284. 
being experienced by the Veterans' Administration in carrying out 
existing tuition assistance programs under title 38, United States 
Code, including chapter 31 vocational rehabilitation, correspondence 
^* ^^^ ^^°^' 
courses, flight training and PREP, and of ways in which any such 
difficulties and abuses could be avoided or minimized through legisla-
tive or administrative action so as to ensure an expeditious, orderly, 
and effective implementation of any tuition assistance allowance 
program. 
(b) In carrying out the study and investigation required by sub-
section (a), the Administrator shall consult with and solicit the 
views and suggestions of interested veterans' organizations, educa-
tional groups and associations, persons receiving assistance under 
chapters 31, 34, 35 and 36 of title 38, United States Code, other Fed- 
38 use isoi. 
eral departments and agencies, and other interested parties. 
^^^^' ^'^°°' ^'^''^' 
(c) The Administrator shall report to the Congress and the Presi- 
Report to con-
•t 
1 
1 
c
i
i 
c 
i < > j - i ' * j ^ 
g r e s s and the 
dent not later than one year alter the date oi enactment oi this Act President. 
on the results of the study and investigation carried out under this 
section, including any recommendations for legislative or admin-
istrative action. 
TITLE II—EDUCATIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAM 
ADJUSTMENTS 
SEC. 201. Section 1652(a) (3) of title 38, United States Code, is 
amended by striking out the period at the end of such section and 
inserting in lieu thereof "unless at some time subsequent to the comple-
tion of such period of active duty for training such individual served 
on active duty for a consecutive period of one year or more (not includ-
ing any service as a cadet or midshipman at one of the service 
academies).". 
SEC. 202. Section 1661 of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
Entitlement. 
b y - 
. 
. 
. 
(1) inserting in subsection (a) before the period at the end 
thereof "plus an additional number of months, not exceeding 
nine, as may be utilized in pursuit of a program of education 
leading to a standard undergraduate college degree"; and 
(2) striking out in subsection (c) "subsection (b)" and insert-
ing in lieu thereof "subsections (a) and (b)". 
1582 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
Sales or sales 
management 
courses, disap-
proval. 
Other disap-
proved courses. 
38 u s e 1690, 
1695. 
Refresher 
training. 
38 u s e 1671. 
Ante, 
p. 1579. 
Ante, 
p. 1581. 
Veteran-stu-
dent services. 
SEC. 203. Section 1673 of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
as follows: 
(1) by amending subsection (a) (2) to read as follows: 
"(2) any sales or sales management course which does not pro-
vide specialized training within a specific vocational field, or in 
any other course with a vocational objective, unless the eligible 
veteran or the institution offering such course submits justifica-
tion showing that at least one-half of the persons who completed 
such course over the preceding two-year period, and who are not 
unavailable for employment, have been employed in the occupa-
tional category for which the course was designed to provide 
training (but in computing the number of persons who completed 
such course over any such two-year period, there shall not be 
included the number of persons who completed such course with 
assistance under this title while serving on active duty) ; or"; 
(2) by inserting in subsection (a) (3) "(or the advertising for 
which he finds contains significant avocational or recreational 
themes)" after "character"; and 
(3) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows: 
"(d) The Administrator shall not approve the enrollment of any 
eligible veteran, not already enrolled, in any course (other than one 
offered pursuant to subchapter V or subchapter VI of this chapter) 
which does not lead to a standard college degree and which is offered 
by a proprietary profit or proprietary nonprofit educational institu-
tion for any period during which the Administrator finds that more 
than 85 per centum of the students enrolled in the course are having all 
or part of their tuition, fees, or other charges paid to or for them by 
the educational institution or the Veterans' Administration under this 
title.". 
SEC. 204. Section 1682 of title 38, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: 
" (d) (1) Notwithstanding the prohibition in section 1671 of this title 
prohibiting enrollment of an eligible veteran in a program of educa-
tion in which such veteran has 'already qualified,' a veteran shall be 
allowed up to six months of educational assistance (or the equivalent 
thereof in part-time assistance) for the pursuit of refresher training 
to permit such veteran to update such veteran's knowledge and skills 
and to be instructed in the technological advances which have occurred 
in such veteran's field of employment during and since the period of 
such veteran's active military service. 
"(2) A veteran pureuing refresher training under this subsection 
shall be paid an educational assistance allowance based upon the rate 
prescribed in the table in subsection (a) (1) or in subsection (c) (2) of 
this section, whichever is applicable. 
"(3) The educational assistance allowance paid under the authority 
of this subsection shall be charged against the period of entitlement the 
veteran has earned pursuant to section 1661(a) of this title.". 
SEC. 205. Section 1685 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by striking out in subsection (a) all of that portion of the 
second sentenee precfeding "during a semester" and inserting in 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1583 
lieu thereof "Such work-study allowance shall be paid in the 
amount of $625 in return for such veteran-student's agreement to 
perform services, durino; or between periods of enrollment, 
aggregatino; two hundred and fifty hours"; 
(2) by striking out the last sentence of subsection (a) and 
inserting in lieu thereof the following: "An agreement may be 
entered into for the performance of services for periods of less 
than two hundred and fifty hours, in which case the amoimt of the 
work-study allowance to be paid shall bear the same ratio to the 
number of hours of work agreed to be performed as $625 bears to 
two hundred and fifty hours. In the case of any agreement pro-
viding for the performance of services for one hundred hours or 
more, the veteran student shall be paid $250 in advance, and in the 
case of any agreement for the performance of services for less than 
one hundred hours, the amount of the advance payment shall bear 
the same ratio to the number of hours of work agreed to be per-
formed as $625 bears to tAvo hundred and fifty hours."; and 
(3) by striking out in subsection (c) "(not to exceed eight hun-
dred man-years or their equivalent in man-hours during any fiscal 
year)". 
SEC. 206. Section 1692 (b) of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
^P;'^^^^ ^"PP^^" 
\ 
/ 
' 
- 
mentary assist-
aS f o l l o w s : 
ance. 
(1) by striking out "$50" and inserting in lieu thereof "$60"; 
(2) by striking out "nine months" and inserting in lieu thereof 
"twelve months"; and 
(3) by striking out "$450" and inserting in lieu thereof "$720". 
SEC. 207. Section 1723 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by amending subsection (a) (2) to read as follows: 
"(2) any sales or sales management course which does not pro- 
^^^^^ °'" ^^^^^ 
vide specialized training within a specific vocational field, or in ^our^se^s'Td'isap-
any other course with a vocational objective, unless the eligible provai. 
person or the institution offering such course submits justification 
showing that at least one-half of the persons Avho completed such 
course over the preceding two-year period, and who are not 
unavailable for employment, have been employed in the occupa-
tional category for which the course was designed to provide train-
ing (but in computing the number of persons who completed such 
course over any such two-j^ear period, there shall not be included 
the number of persons who completed such course with assistance 
under this title while serving on active duty) ; or"; 
(2) by inserting in subsection (a) (3) "(or the advertising for 
which he finds contains significant avocational or recreational 
themes)" after "character"; 
(3) by striking out in subsection (c) "any course of institutional 
on-f 
arm training,"; and 
(4) by striking out in subsection (d) "to be pursued below the 
college level" and inserting in lieu thereof "not leading to a stand-
ard college degree". 
1584 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT, 
' 'Farm cooper-
ative" programs, 
assistance. 
Ante, 
p. 1579. 
38 u s e 1780. 
38 u s e 1774. 
Adminis 
expenses, 
trative 
allow-
SEC. 208. Section 1732 of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
by redesigna,ting subsection (c) as subsection (d) and by inserting 
after subsection (b) the following new subsection: 
"(c) (1) An eligible person who is enrolled in an educational institu-
tion for a 'farm cooperative' program consisting of institutional agri-
cultural courses prescheduled to fall within forty-four weeks of any 
period of twelve consecutive months and who pursues such program 
on— 
" (A) a full-time basis (a minimum of ten clock hours per week 
or four hundred and forty clock hours in such year prescheduled 
to provide not less than eighty clock hours in any three-month 
period), 
"(B) a three-quarter-time basis (a minimum of seven clock 
hours per week), or 
"(C) a half-time basis (a minimum of five clock hours per 
week), 
shall be eligible to receive an educational assistance allowance at the 
appropriate rate provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, if such 
eligible person is concurrently engaged in agricultural employment 
which is relevant to such institutional agricultural courses as deter-
mined under standards prescribed by the Administrator. In computing 
the foregoing clock hour requirements there shall be included the time 
involved in field trips and individual and group instruction sponsored 
and conducted by the educational institution through a duly author-
ized instructor of such institution in which the person is enrolled, 
"(2) The monthly educational assistance allowance to be paid on 
behalf of an eligible person pursuing a farm cooperative program 
under this chapter shall be computed at the rate prescribed in section 
1682(c) (2) of this title for full-time, three-quarter-time, or half-time 
pursuit, as appropriate, of a farm cooperative program by an eligible 
veteran with no dependents.". 
SEC. 209. Section 1780(a) (2) is amended by inserting "(or custom-
ary vacation periods connected therewith)" after "holidays". 
SEC. 210. Chapter 36 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by amending section 1774(b) to read as follows: 
"(b) The allowance for administrative expenses incurred pursuant 
to subsection (a) of this section shall be paid in accordance with the 
following formula: 
'Total salary cost reimbursable under 
this section 
$5,000 or less 
Over $5,000 but not exceeding $10,000_. 
Over $10,000 but not exceeding $35,000. . 
Over $35,000 but not exceeding $40,000. 
Over $40,000 but not exceeding $75,000. 
Over $75,000 but not exceeding $80,000. 
Over $80,000 
Allowable for administrative expense 
$550. 
$1,000. 
$1,000 for the first $10,000 plus $925 for 
each additional $5,000 or 
fraction 
thereof. 
$6,050. 
$6,050 for the first $40,000 plus $800 for 
each additional $5,000 or 
fraction 
thereof. 
$12,000. 
$12,000 for the first $80,000 plus $700 for 
each additional $5,000 or 
fraction 
thereof."; 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1585 
and 
(2) by amending section 1784(b) to read as follows: 
^^ ^^'^ ^^^'* 
"(b) The Administrator may pay to any educational institution, or 
Reporting fee. 
to any joint apprenticeship training committee acting as a training 
establishment, furnishing education or training under either this 
chapter or chapter 34 or 35 of this title, a reporting fee which will 
i/oo"^*^ ^^^^' 
be in lieu of any other compensation or reimbursement for reports or 
certifications which such educational institution or joint apprentice-
ship training committee is required to submit to him by law or regula-
tion. Such reporting fee shall be computed for each calendar year by 
multiplying $3 by the number of eligible ^•eterans or eligible persons 
enrolled under this chapter or chapter 34 or 35 of this title, or $4 
in the case of those eligible veterans and eligible persons whose edu-
cational assistance checks are directed in care of each institution for 
temporary custody and delivery and are deliveied at the time of regis-
tration as provided under section 1780 (d) (5) of this title, on October 31 
38 use 17so. 
of that year; except that the Administrator may, where it is established 
by such educational institution or joint apprenticeship training com-
mittee that eligible veteran plus eligible person enrollment on such 
date varies more than 15 per centum from the peak eligible veteran 
enrollment plus eligible person enrollment in such educational insti-
tution or joint apprenticeship training committee during such calendar 
year, establish such other date as representative of the peak enrollment 
as may be justified for such educational institution or joint apprentice-
ship training committee. The reporting fee shall be paid to such edu-
cational institution or joint apprenticeship training committee as soon 
as feasible after the end of the calendar year for which it is 
applicable.". 
SEC. 211. Section 1788 (a) of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
Measurement o
f 
as T
O Hows: 
(1) by striking out in clause (1) "below the college level" and 
inserting in lieu thereof a comma and "not leading to a standard 
college degree,"; 
(2) by striking out in clause (2) "below the college level" and 
inserting in lieu thereof a comma and "not leading to a standard 
college degree,"; 
(3) by striking out in clause (6) "below the college level" and 
inserting in lieu thereof "not leading to a standard college 
degree"; and 
(4) by adding at the end of such subsection the following: 
"Notwithstanding the provisions of clause (1) or (2) of this subsec-
tion, an educational institution offering courses not leading to a 
standard college degree may measure such courses on a quarter- or 
semester-hour basis (with full time measured on the same basis as 
provided by clause (4) of this subsection); but (A) the academic 
portions of such courses must require outside preparation and be 
measured on not less than one quarter or one semester hour for each 
fifty minutes net of instruction per week or quarter or semester; (B) 
the laboratory portions of such courses must be measured on not less 
than one quarter or one semester hour for each two hours of attendance 
per week per quarter or semester; and (C) the shop portions of such 
courses must be measured on not less than one quarter or one semester 
hour for each three hours of attendance per week per quarter or 
semester. In no event shall such course be considered a full-time course 
when less than twenty-two hours per week of attendance is required.". 
SEC. 212. (a) Chapter 36 of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting at the end thereof the following new section: 
courses. 
1586 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
38 use 1796. 
"§1796. Limitation on certain advertising, sales, and enrollment 
practices 
" (a) The Administrator shall not approve the enrollment of an eligi-
ble veteran or eligible person in any course offered by an institution 
1^ 
which utilizes advertising, sales, or enrollment practices of any type 
S 
which are erroneous, deceptive, or misleading either by actual state-
ment, omission, or intimation. 
38 use 1794. 
«(b) The Administrator shall, pursuant to section 1794 of this title, 
enter into an agreement with the Federal Trade Commission to utilize, 
where appropriate, its services and facilities, consistent with its avail-
able resources, in carrying out investigations and making his deter-
minations under subsection (a) of this section. Such agreement shall 
provide that cases arising under subsection (a) of this section or any 
similar matters with respect to any of the requirements of this chap-
ter or chapters 34 and 35 of this title shall be referred to the Federal 
Trade Commission which in its discretion will conduct an investiga-
tion and make preliminary findings. The findings and results of any 
such investigations shall be referred to the Administrator who shall 
take appropriate action in such cases within ninety days after such 
referral. 
frr"*^* *° ^°"' 
"(c) Not later than sixty days after the end of each fiscal year, the 
Administrator shall report to Congress on the nature and disposition 
of all cases arising under this section.". 
(b) The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 36 of such title 
is amended by inserting 
"1796. Limitation on certain advertising, sales, and enrollment practices." 
below 
"1795. Limitation on period of assistance under two or more programs.". 
SEC. 213. (a) Subchapter I I of chapter 3 of title 38, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new 
sections: 
38 u s e 1651, 
1700. 
gress. 
38 use 219. 
"§ 219. Evaluation and data collection 
"(a) The Administrator, pursuant to general standards which he 
shall prescribe in regulations, shall measure and evaluate on a con-
tinuing basis the impact of all programs authorized under this title, 
I 
in order to determine their effectiveness in achieving stated goals in 
general, and in achieving such goals in relation to their cost, their 
impact on related programs, and their structure and mechanisms for 
delivery of services. Such information as the Administrator may deem 
necessary for purposes of such evaluations shall be made available to 
him, upon request, by all departments, agencies, and instrumentalities 
of the executive branch. 
"(b) In carrying out this section, the Administrator shall collect, 
y 
collate, and analyze on a continuing basis full statistical data regard-
ing participation (including the duration thereof), provision of serv-
ices, categories of beneficiaries, planning and construction of facilities, 
acquisition of real property, proposed excessing of land, accretion and 
attrition of personnel, and categorized expenditures attributable 
thereto, under all programs carried out under this title. 
studies, tabu- 
"(c) The Administrator shall make available to the public and on a 
^Virrv^iiaTii- 
regular basis provide to the appropriate committees of the Congress 
ity to public and 
copics of all complcted evaluative research studies and summaries of 
commmei°s"^^ 
evaluatlous of program impact and effectiveness carried out, and tabu-
lations and analyses of all data collected, under this section. 
STAT.] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1587 
"§220. Coordination of other Federal programs affecting vet-
erans and their dependents 
"The Administrator shall seek to achieve the maximum feasible 
effectiveness, coordination, and interrelationship of services among all 
programs and activities affecting veterans and their dependents carried 
out by and under all other departments, agencies, and instrumental-
ities of the executive branch and shall seek to achieve the maximum 
feasible coordination of such programs with programs carried out 
under this title.". 
(b) The table of sections at the beginning of chapter .3 of such title 
is amended by adding 
"219. Evaluation and data collection. 
"220. Coordination of other Federal programs affecting veterans and their 
dependents." 
below 
"218. Standards of conduct and arrests for crimes at hospitals, domiciliaries, 
cemeteries, and other Veterans' Administration reservations.". 
SEC. 214. Subchapter IV of chapter 3 of title 38, United States Code, 
is amended as follows: 
(1) by inserting in section 241 "in carrying out the purposes of 
this subchapter (including the provision, to the maximum feasi-
ble extent, of such services, in areas where a significant number 
of eligible veterans and eligible dependents speak a language 
other than English as their principal language, in the principal 
language of such persons)" after "outreach services"; 
(2) by inserting in clause (2) "to eligible veterans and eligible 
dependents" after "information" the first time it appears; 
(3) by striking out in section 242(b) "may implement such 
special telephone service" and inserting in lieu thereof "shall 
establish and carry out all possible programs and services, includ-
ing special telephone facilities,"; 
(4) redesignating sections 243 and 244 as 244 and 245, respec-
tively, and adding the following new section after section 242: 
"§243. Veterans' representatives 
"(a) (1) Except as otherwise provided in paragraph (4) of this sub-
section, the Administrator shall assign, with appropriate clerical/sec-
retarial support, to each educational institution (as defined in section 
1652(c) except for correspondence schools) where at least five hundred 
persons are enrolled under chapters 31, 34, 35, and 36 of this title such 
number of full-time veterans' representatives as will provide at least 
one such veterans' representative per each five hundred such persons so 
enrolled at each such institution; and the Administrator shall also 
assign to other such veterans' representatives responsibility for carry-
ing out the functions set forth in paragraph (3) of this subsection 
with respect to groups of institutions with less than five hundred such 
persons so enrolled, on the basis of such proportion of such veterans' 
representatives' time to such persons so enrolled as he deems appro-
priate to be adequate to perform such functions at such institutions. 
"(2) In selecting and appointing veterans' representatives under 
this subsection, preference shall be given to veterans of the Vietnam 
era with experience in veterans affairs' counseling, outreach, and other 
related veterans' services. 
"(3) The functions of such veterans' representatives shall be to— 
"(A) answer all inquiries related to Veterans' Administration 
educational assistance and other benefits, and take all necessary 
action to resolve such inquiries expeditiously, especially those 
relating to payments of educational assistance benefits; 
38 use 220. 
Outreach serv-
ices program. 
38 use 241. 
38 use 
38 use 
38 use 
242. 
243, 
243. 
38 use 1652. 
38 use 1501, 
1651, 1700, 1770. 
Functions. 
20 use 
1070e-l. 
38 u s e 241. 
1588 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
"(B) assure correctness and proper handling of applications, 
completion of certifications of attendance, and submission of all 
necessary information (including changes in status or program 
affecting payments) in support of benefit claims submitted; 
"(C) maintain active liaison, communication, and cooperation 
with the officials of the educational institution to which assigned, 
in order to alert veterans to changes in law and Veterans' 
Administration policies or procedures; 
"(D) supervise and expeditiously resolve all difficulties relating 
to the delivery of advance educational assistance payments 
authorized under this title; 
"(E) coordinate Veterans' Administration matters with, and 
provide appropriate briefings to, all on-campus veterans' groups, 
working particularly closely with veterans' coordinators at edu-
cational institutions receiving veterans' cost-of-instruction pay-
ments under section 420 of the Higher Education Act of 1965, as 
amended (hereinafter referred to as 'V.C.I, institutions') ; 
"(F) provide necessary guidance and support to veteran-student 
services personnel assigned to the campus under section 1685 of 
this title; 
"(G) where such functions are not being adequately carried out 
by existing programs at such institutions (i) provide appropriate 
motivational and other counseling to veterans (informing them of 
all available benefits and services, as provided for under section 
241 of this title) and (ii) carry out outieach activities under 
this subchapter; and 
"(H) carry out such other activities as may be assigned by the 
director of the Veterans' Administration regional office, estab-
38 use 230. 
j-gj^g^ ^^^^^^ section 230 of this title. 
"(4) Based on the extent to which the functions set forth in 
paragraph (3) of this subsection are being adequately carried out at 
a particular educational institution or in consideration of other factors 
indicating the inappropriateness of assignment of veterans' repre-
sentatives to a particular educational institution, the director of the 
appropriate Veterans' Administration regional office shall, notwith-
standing the formula set forth in paragraph (1) of this subsection, 
either reallocate such veterans' representatives to other educational 
institutions in such region where he determines that such additional 
veterans' representatives are necessary, or, with the approval of the 
chief benefits officer of the Veterans' Administration, assign such vet-
erans' representatives to carry out such functions or related activities 
at the regional office in question, with special responsibility for one 
or more than one particular educational institution. 
" (5) The functions of a veterans' representative assigned under this 
subsection shall be carried out in such a way as to complement and not 
interfere with the statutory responsibilities and duties of persons 
carrying out veterans affairs' functions at V.C.I, institutions. 
"(b) The Administrator shall establish rules and procedures to 
guide veterans' representatives in carrying out their functions under 
this section. Such rules and procedures shall contain provisions 
directed especially to assuring that the activities of veterans' repre-
sentatives carried out under this section complement, and do not 
interfere with, the established responsibilities of representatives 
recognized by the Administrator under section 3402 of this title."; 
and 
(5) amending section 244 (as redesignated by clause (4) of this 
subsection) of such title by— 
(A) striking out "may" and inserting in lieu thereof "shall"; 
and 
Rules and 
procedures. 
38 u s e 3402. 
Ante, 
p. 1587 
88 
STAT.] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1589; 
(B) inserting "and provide for" after "conduct" in paragraph 
(5). 
(b) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by striking out 
"243. Utilization of other agencies. 
"244. Report to Congress." 
and inserting in lieu thereof 
"243. Veterans' representatives. 
"244. Utilization of other agencies. 
"245. Report to Congress.". 
TITLE 
III—VETERANS 
AND DEPENDENTS EDUCATION 
LOAN PROGRAM 
SEC. 301, (a) Chapter 36 of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end thereof the following new subchapter: 
^^Subchapter III—Education Loans to Eligible Veterans and 
Eligible Persons 
''§1798. Eligibility for loans; amount and conditions of loans; 
interest rate on loans 
"(a) Each eligible veteran and eligible person shall be entitled to a 
loan under this subchapter in an amount determined under, and sub-
ject to the conditions specified in, subsection (b)(1) of this section 
if the veteran or person satisfies the requirements set forth in sub-
section (c) of this section. 
"(b)(1) Subject to paragraph (3) of this subsection, the amount 
of the loan to which an eligible veteran or eligible person shall be 
entitled under this subchapter for any academic year shall be equal 
to the amount needed by such veteran or person to pursue a program 
of education at the institution at which he is enrolled, as determined 
imder paragraph (2) of this subsection. 
"(2) (A) The amount needed by a veteran or person to pursue a 
program of education at an institution for any academic year shall 
be determined by subtracting (i) the total amount of 
financial 
resources (as defined in subparagraph (B) of this paragraph) avail-
able to the veteran or person which may be reasonably expected to 
be expended by such veteran or person for educational purposes in 
any year from (ii) the actual cost of attendance (as defined in sub-
paragraph (C) of this paragraph) at the institution in which such 
veteran or person is enrolled. 
"(B) The term 'total amount of financial resources' of any veteran 
or person for any year means the total of the following: 
"(i) The annual adjusted effective income of the veteran or 
person less Federal income tax paid or payable by such veteran 
or person with respect to such income. 
" (ii) The amount of cash assets of the veteran or person, 
"(iii) The amount of financial assistance received by the vet-
eran or person under the provisions of title IV of the Higher 
Education Act of 1965, as amended. 
"(iv) Educational assistance received by the veteran or person 
under this title other than under this subchapter. 
"(v) Financial assistance received by the veteran or person 
under any scholarship or grant program other than those spe-
cified in clauses (iii) and (iv). 
"(C) The term 'actual cost of attendance' means, subject to such 
regulations as the Administrator may provide, the actual per-student 
38 u s e 1798. 
"Total amount 
of financial re-
20 u s e 1061. 
' 'Actual cost of 
attendance." 
38-194 O - 76 -18 Pt. 2
Loan limita 
tion. 
20 u s e 1071. 
Restrictions. 
1590 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
charges for tuition, fees, room and board (or expenses related to 
reasonable commuting), books, arid an allowance for such other 
expenses as the Administrator determines by regulation to be reason-
ably, related to attendance at the institution at which the veteran or 
person is enrolled. 
"(3) The aggregate of the amounts any veteran or person may 
borrow under this subchapter may not exceed $270 multiplied by the 
number of months such veteran or person is entitled to receive educa-
17^10.^^^ ^^^^' 
tional assistance under section 1661 or subchapter I I of chapter 35, 
respectively, of this title, but not in excess of $600 in any one regu-
lar academic year. 
Eligibility. 
"^c) An eligible veteran or person shall be entitled to a loan under 
this subchapter if such veteran or pereon— 
"(1) is in attendance at an educational institution on at least 
a half-time basis and (A) is enrolled in a course leading to a 
standard college degree, or (B) is enrolled in a course, the com-
pletion of which requires six months or longer, leading to an 
identified and predetermined professional or vocational objective; 
"(2) has sought and is unable to obtain a loan, in the full 
amount needed by such veteran or person, as determined under 
subsection (b) of this section, under a student loan program 
insured pursuant to the provisions of part B of title IV of the 
Higher Education Act of 1965, as amended, or any successor 
authority; and 
"(3) enters into an agreement with the Administrator meeting 
the requirements of subsection (d) of this section. 
No loan shall be made under this subchapter to an eligible veteran or 
person pursuing a program of correspondence, flight, apprentice or 
other on-job, or P R E P training. 
"(d) Any agreement between the Administrator and a veteran or 
person under this subchapter— 
" (1) shall include a note or other written obligation which pro-
vides for repayment to the Administrator of the principal amount 
of, and payment of interest on, the loan in installments over a 
period beginning nine months after the date on which the bor-
rower ceases to be at least a half-time student and ending ten 
years and nine months after such date; 
"(2) shall include provision for acceleration of repayment of 
all or any part of the loan, without penalty, at the option of the 
borrower; 
"(3) shall provide that the loan shall bear interest, on the 
unpaid balance of the loan, at a rate prescribed by the Administra-
tor, with the concurrence of the Secretary of the Treasury, but at a 
rate not less than a rate determined by the Secretary, taking 
into consideration the current average market yield on outstand-
ing marketable obligations of the United States with remaining 
periods to maturity comparable to the maturity of loans made 
under this subchapter, except that no interest shall accrue prior 
to the beginning date of repayment; and 
" (4) shall provide that the loan shall be made without security 
and without endorsement, 
"(e)(1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this subsection, 
whenever the Administrator determines that a default has occurred on 
any loan made under this subchapter, he shall declare an overpayment, 
and such overpayment shall be recovered from the veteran or person 
concerned in the same manner as any other debt due the United States. 
" (2) If a veteran or person who has received a loan under this section 
duc'harge^''' '^^ 
^i^s or bccomcs permanently and totally disabled, then the Administra-
tor shall discharge the veteran's or person's liability on such loan by 
repaying the amount owed on such loan. 
Defaulted loan. 
Death or dis-
Ante, p. 1578. 
38 use 1799. 
Transfer of 
funds. 
Surplus funds, 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1591 
"(3) The Administrator shall submit to the Committees on Veter- 
Report i°^^°^-
ans' Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives, not later ^utees"'' 
than one year after the date of enactment of the Vietnam Era Veterans' 
Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 and annually thereafter, a sep-
arate report specifying the default experience and default rate at each 
educational institution along with a comparison of the collective 
default experience and default rate at all such institutions. 
"§ 1799. Revolving fund; insurance 
"(a) There is hereby established in the Treasury of the United minist^rTuon Ed-
States a revolving fund to be known as the 'Veterans' Administration ucation Loan 
Education Loan Fund' (hereinafter in this section referred to as the 
Establishment 
'Fund'). 
"(b) The Fund shall be available to the Administrator, without 
fiscal year limitation, for the making of loans under this subchapter. 
"(c) There shall be deposited in the Fund (1) by transfer from 
current and future appropriations for readjustment benefits such 
amounts as may be necessary to establish and supplement the Fund in 
order to meet the requirements of the Fund, and (2) all collections 
of fees and principal and interest (including overpayments declared 
under section 1798(e) of this title) on loans made under this 
'^"'^' ^- ^^^^• 
subchapter. 
"(d) The Administrator shall determine annually whether there 
has developed in the Fund a surplus which, in his judgment, is more 
than necessary to meet the needs of the Fund, and such surplus, if any, 
shall be deemed to have been appropriated for readjustment benefits. 
"(e) A fee shall be collected from each veteran or person obtain- 
^''^• 
ing a loan made under this subchapter for the purpose of insuring 
against defaults on loans made under this subchapter; and no loan 
shall be made under this subchapter until the fee payable with respect 
to such loan has been collected and remitted to the Administrator. 
The amount of the fee shall be established from time to time by the 
Administrator, but shall in no event exceed 3 per centum of the total 
Limitation. 
loan amount. The amount of the fee may be included in the loan to the 
veteran or person and paid from the proceeds thereof.". 
(b) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is amended 
by adding at the end thereof 
"SUBCHAPTER III—EDUCATION LOANS T
O ELIGIBLE VETERANS AND ELIGIBLE PERSONS 
"1798. Eligibility for loans; amount and conditions of loans; interest rate on 
loans. 
"1799. Revolving fund; insurance.". 
SEC. 302. (a) Subchapter IV of chapter 34 of title 38, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new 
section: 
"§1686. Education loans 
as use lese. 
"Any eligible veteran shall be entitled to an education loan (if the 
program of education is pursued in a State) in such amount and on 
such terms and conditions as provided in sections 1798 and 1799 of 
this title.". 
Ante, p. 1589; 
(b) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by inserting 
"1686. Education loans." 
below 
"1685. Veteran-student services.". 
SEC. 303. (a) Subchapter IV of chapter 35 of title 38, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end thereof the following new 
section: 
upra. 
Ante, pp. 1589, 
1592 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
38 use 1737 
«§ 1737. Education loans 
"Any eligible person shall be entitled to an education loan (if the 
program of education is pursued in a State) in such amount and on 
such terms and conditions as provided in sections 1798 and 1799 of 
this title.". 
(b) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by inserting 
"1737. Education loans." 
below 
"1736. Specialized vocational training courses.". 
TITLE IV—VETERANS, WIVES, AND WIDOWS EMPLOY-
MENT ASSISTANCE AND PREFERENCE AND VETER-
ANS' REEMPLOYMENT RIGHTS 
SEC. 401. Chapter 41 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(a) Section 2001 is amended by redesignating paragraph (2) as para-
graph (3) and adding after paragraph (1) a new paragraph (2) as 
follows: 
e'rTon^"''^^ 
"(2) thc term 'eligible person' means— 
"(A) the spouse of any person who died of a service-connected 
disability, 
"(B) the spouse of any member of the Armed Forces serving on 
active duty who, at the time of application for assistance under 
this chapter, is listed, pursuant to section 556 of title 37 and regu-
lations issued thereunder, by the Secretary concerned in one or 
more of the following categories and has been so listed for a total 
of more than ninety days: (i) missing in action, (ii) captured in 
line of duty by a hostile force, or (iii) forcibly detained or 
interned in line of duty by a foreign government or power, or 
"(C) the spouse of any person who has a total disability perma-
nent in nature resulting from a service-connected disability or the 
spouse of a veteran who died while a disability so evaluated was 
in existence.". 
38 use 2002. 
^i)-) Section 2002 is amended by (1) inserting "and eligible persons" 
after "eligible veterans" and (2) inserting "and persons" after "such 
veterans". 
(c) Section 2003 is amended by— 
(1) striking out in the first sentence "250,000 veterans" and 
inserting in lieu thereof "250,000 veterans and eligible persons"; 
(2) striking out in the fourth sentence "veterans' " and insert-
ing in lieu thereof "veterans' and eligible persons' "; 
(3) inserting in clauses (1), (2), (4), (5), and (6) of the fifth 
sentence "and eligible persons" after "eligible veterans" each 
time the latter term appears in such clauses; 
(4) inserting in clause (3) of the fifth sentence "or an eligible 
person's" after "eligible veteran's"; and 
(5) inserting in clause (4) of the fifth sentence "and persons" 
after "such A^eterans". 
(d) Section 2005 is amended by inserting "and eligible persons" 
after "eligible veterans". 
38 use 2006. 
^g^ rpj^g ]^g^ sentcuce of section 2006(a) is amended by striking out 
"veterans" and inserting in lieu thereof "eligible veterans and eligible 
persons". 
(f) Section 2007 is amended by— 
(1) inserting in subsection (a)(1) "and each eligible person" 
after "active duty,"; 
38 use 2003. 
38 use 2005. 
38 use 2007. 
standards. 
38 u s e 2011. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
15931 
(2) redesignating subsection (b) as subsection (c) and inserting 
the following new subsection (b) : 
"(b) The Secretary of Labor shall establish definitive performance ^,^^^1°^™^'^''^ 
standards for determining compliance by the State public employment 
service agencies with the provisions of this chapter and chapter 42 of 
this title. A full report as to the extent and reasons for any noncompli-
ance by any such State agency during any fiscal year, together with 
the agency's plan for corrective action during the succeeding year, 
shall be included in the annual report of the Secretary of Labor 
required by subsection (c) of this section."; and 
(3) striking out in the second sentence of subsection (c) (as 
redesignated by clause (2) of this subsection) "and other eligible 
veterans" and inserting in lieu thereof "other eligible veterans, 
and eligible persons". 
SEC. 402. Chapter 42 of title 38, United States Code, is amended as 
follows: 
(1) by inserting in the first sentence of section 2012(a) "in the 
Employment 
amount of $10,000 or more" after "contract" where it first appears, ""'^f' Federal 
,
.
,
.
'
,
,
. 
, 
. 
, 
^^ 
,, contracts. 
by striking out , m employing persons to carry out such contract, 
sa use 2012. 
in such sentence, and by striking out "give special emphasis to the 
employment of" and inserting in lieu thereof "take affirmative 
action to employ and advance in employment" in such sentence; 
(2) by striking out in the third sentence of section 2012(a) 
"The" and inserting in lieu thereof "In addition to requiring 
affirmative action to employ such veterans under such contracts 
and subcontracts and in order to promote the implementation of 
such requirement, the": and 
(3) by striking out in the first sentence of section 2012(b) "giv-
ing special emphasis in employment to" and inserting in lieu 
thereof "the employment of". 
SEC. 403. (a) Chapter 42 of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end thereof the following new section: 
"§ 2014. Employment within the Federal Government 
"(a) It is the policy of the United States and the purpose of this 
section to promote the maximum of employment and job advancement 
opportunities within the Federal Government for qualified disabled 
veterans and veterans of the Vietnam era. 
"(b) To further this policy, veterans of the Vietnam era shall be 
eligible, in accordance with regulations which the Civil Service Com- ments/eHgibiu'ty. 
mission shall prescribe, for veterans readjustment appointments up to 
and including the level GS-5, as specified in subchapter I I of chapter 
51 of title 5, and subsequent career-conditional appointments, under 
s use 5332 and 
the terms and conditions specified in Executive Order Numbered 11521 " 5 use 3302 
(March 26,1970), except that in applying the one-year period of eligi- "°t^-
bility specified in section 2(a) of such order to a veteran or disabled 
veteran who enrolls, within one year following separation from the 
Armed Forces or following release from hospitalization or treatment 
immediately following separation from the Armed Forces, in a pro-
gram of education (as defined in section 1652 of this title) on more 
38 use 1652. 
than a half-time basis (as defined in section 1788 of this title), the time 
spent in such program of education (including customary periods of 
vacation and permissible absences) shall not be counted. The eligibility 
of such a veteran for a readjustment appointment shall continue for 
not less than six months after such veteran first ceases to be enrolled 
therein on more than a half-time basis. No veterans readjustment 
Termination 
appointment may be made under authority of this subsection after 
June 30,1978. 
38 u s e 2014. 
Veterans read-
justment appoint-
Ante, 
p. 1581. 
38 u s e 1788. 
1594 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
Disabled vet-
Review and 
evaluation. 
gress. 
" V e t e r a n " and 
•disabled vet-
"(c) Each department, agency, and instrumentality in the executive 
branch shall include in its affirmative action plan for the hiring, place-
ment, and advancement of handicapped individuals in such depart-
ment, agency, or instrumentality as required by section 501(b) of 
29 use 791. 
Public Law 93-112 (87 Stat. 391), a separate specification of plans (in 
accordance with regulations which the Civil Service Commission shall 
prescribe in consultation with the Administrator, the Secretary of 
Labor, and the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, con-
sistent with the purposes, provisions, and priorities of such Act) to 
promote and carry out such affirmative action with respect to disabled 
veterans in order to achieve the purpose of this section. 
"(d) The Civil Service Commission shall be responsible for the 
review and evaluation of the implementation of this section and the 
activities of each such department, agency, and instrumentality to 
iic^^fo°n'^' ^"^" 
carry out the purpose and provisions of this section. The Commission 
shall periodically obtain and publish (on at least a semiannual basis) 
reports on such implementation and activities from each such depart-
ment, agency, and instrumentality, including specification of the use 
and extent of appointments made under subsection (b) of this section 
and the results of the plans required under subsection (c) thereof. 
Report to Con- 
u/^x rj.^^ ^^-^-j §^^.^^^6 Commission shall submit to the Congress 
annually a report on activities carried out under this section, except 
that, with respect to subsection (c) of this section, the Commission may 
include a report of such activities separately in the report required to 
be submitted by section 501(d) of such Public Law 93-112, regarding 
the employment of handicapped individuals by each department, 
agency, and instrumentality. 
"(f) Notwithstanding section 2011 of this title, the terms 'veteran' 
and 'disabled veteran' as used in this section shall have the meaning 
provided for under generally applicable civil service law and regula-
tions.". 
(b) The table of sections at the beginning of such chapter is 
amended by adding at the end thereof 
"2014. Employment within the Federal Government". 
SEC. 404. (a) Part I I I of title 38, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end thereof a new chapter as follows: 
"Chapter 43—^Veterans' Reemployment Rights 
"Sec. 
"2021. Right to reemployment of inducted persons; benefits protected. 
"2022. Enforcement procedures. 
"2023. Reemployment by the United States, territory, possession, or the District 
of Columbia. 
"2024. Rights of persons who enlist or are called to active duty; Reserves. 
"2025. Assistance in obtaining reemployment. 
"2026. Prior rights for reemployment. 
•*§2021. Right to reemployment of inducted persons; benefits 
protected 
"(a) In the case of any person who is inducted into the Armed 
Forces of the United States under the Military Selective Service Act 
(or under any prior or subsequent corresponding law) for training 
and service and who leaves a position (other than a temporary posi-
tion) in the employ of any employer in order to perform such train-
ing and service, and (1) receives a certificate described in section 9(a) 
50 use app. 
of the Military Selective Service Act (relating to the satisfactory 
completion of militai-y service), and (2) makes application for reem-
ployment within ninety days after such person is relieved from such 
training and service or from hospitalization continuing after dis-
charge for a period of not more than one year— 
38 u s e 2021. 
50 u s e app 
451. 
459. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1595 
U.S. Government 
employment. 
"(A) if such position was in the employ of the United States 
Government, its territories, or possessions, or political subdivi-
sions thereof, or the District of Columbia, such person shall— 
"(i) if still qualified to perform the duties of such posi-
tion, be restored to such position or to a position of like 
seniority, status, and pay; or 
"(ii) if not qualified to perform the duties of such posi-
tion, by reason of disability sustained during such service, 
but qualified to perform the duties of any other position in 
the employ of the employer, be offered employment and, if 
such person so requests, be employed in such other position 
the duties of which such person is qualified to perform as 
will provide such person like seniority, status, and pay, or 
the nearest approximation thereof consistent with the cir-
cumstances in such person's case; 
"(B) if such position was in the employ of a State, or political 
state or private 
subdivision thereof, or a private employer, such person shall— employment. 
"(i) if still qualified to perform the duties of such posi-
tion, be restored by such employer or his successor in interest 
to such position or to a position of like seniority, status, and 
pay; or 
"(ii) if not qualified to perform the duties of such posi-
tion, by reason of disability sustained during such service, 
but qualified to perform the duties of any other position in 
the employ of such employer or his successor in interest, be 
offered employment and, if such person so requests, be 
employed by such employer or his successor in interest in 
such other position the duties of which such person is quali-
fied to perform as will provide such person like seniority, 
status, and pay, or the nearest approximation thereof con-
sistent with the circumstances in such person's case, 
unless the employer's circumstances have so changed as to make 
it impossible or unreasonable to do so. Nothing in this chapter 
Noncompliance 
shall excuse noncompliance with any statute or ordinance of a ° ^^^ °^^''' 
State or political subdivision thereof establishing greater or addi-
tional rights or protections than the rights and protections estab-
lished pursuant to this chapter. 
" (b) (1) Any person who is restored to or employed in a position in 
accordance with the provisions of clause (A) or (B) of subsection (a) 
of this section shall be considered as having been on furlough or leave 
of absence during such person's period of training and service in the 
Armed Forces, shall be so restored or reemployed without loss of 
seniority, shall be entitled to participate in insurance or other bene-
fits offered by the employer pursuant to established rules and practices 
relating to employees on furlough or leave of absence in effect with 
the employer at the time such person was inducted into such forces, 
and shall not be discharged from such position without cause within 
one year after such restoration or reemployment. 
"(2) It is hereby declared to be the sense of the Congress that any 
status rights. 
person who is restored to or employed in a position in accordance w ith 
the provisions of clause (A) or (B) of subsection (a) of this section 
should be so restored or reemployed in such manner as to give such 
person such status in his employment as he would have enjoyed if 
such person had continued in such employment continuously from 
the time of such person's entering the Armed Forces until the time 
of such person's restoration to such employment, or reemployment. 
1596 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
Reserve com-
ponent members 
"(3) Any person who holds a position described in clanse (A) or 
(B) of subsection (a) of this section shall not be denied retention in 
employment or any promotion or other incident or advantage of 
employment because of any obligation as a member of a Keserve com-
ponent of the Armed Forces. 
state employee. 
u (^^^ rpj^g rights granted by subscctious (a) and (b) of this section to 
persons who left the employ of a State or political subdivision thereof 
and were inducted into the Armed For-ces shall not diminish any rights 
such persons may have pursuant to any statute oi- ordinance of such 
State or political subdivision establishing greater or additional rights 
or protections. 
38 use 2022 
"§2022. Enforcemcnt procedures 
"If any employer, who is a private employer or a State or political 
subdivision thereof, fails or refuses to comply with the provisions of 
Ante, p. 1594. 
gectiou 2021 (a), (b) (1), or (b) (3), or section 2024, the district court 
Post, p. 1598. 
of the United States for any district in which such private employer 
maintains a place of business, or in which such State or political sub-
division thereof exercises authority or carries out its functions, shall 
have the poAver, upon the filing of a motion, petition, or other appro-
priate pleading by the person entitled to the benefits of such provisions, 
specifically to require such employer to comply with such provisions 
and to compensate such person for any loss of wages or benefits suffered 
by reason of such employer's unlawful action. Any such compensation 
shall be in addition to and shall not be deemed to diminish any of the 
Hearing. 
beuefits pi'ovidcd for in such provisions. The court shall order speedy 
hearing in any such case and shall advance it on the calendar. Upon 
application to the United States attorney or comparable official for any 
district in which such private employer maintains a place of business, 
or in which such State or political subdivision thereof exercises author-
ity or carries out its functions, by any person claiming to be entitled to 
the benefits provided for in such provisions, such United States attor-
ney or official, if reasonably satisfied that the person so applying is 
entitled to such benefits, shall appear and act as attorney for such 
person in the amicable adjustment of the claim or in the filing of any 
motion, petition, or other appropriate pleading and the prosecution 
thereof specifically to require such employer to comply with such provi-
sions. No fees or court costs shall be taxed against any person who may 
apply for such benefits. In any such action only the employer shall be 
deemed a necessary party respondent. No State statute of limitations 
shall apply to any proceedings under this chapter. 
38 use 2023. 
«§ 2023. Reemployment by the United States, territory, posses-
sion, or the District of Columbia 
"(a) Any person who is entitled to be restored to or employed in a 
position in accordance with the provisions of clause (A) of section 
Ante, p. 1594. 
2021(a) and who was employed, immediately before entering the 
Armed Forces, by any agency in the executive branch of the Govern-
ment or by any territory or possession, or political subdivision thereof, 
or by the District of Columbia, shall be so restored or reemployed by 
such agency or the successor to its functions, or by such territory, pos-
session, political subdivision, or the District of Columbia. In any case 
in which, upon appeal of any person who was employed, immediately 
before entering the Armed Forces, by any agency in the executive 
branch of the Government or by the District of Columbia, the United 
States Civil Service Commission finds that— 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1597< 
" (1) such agency is no longer in existence and its functions have 
not been transferred to any other agency; or 
"(2) for any reason it is not feasible for such person to be 
restored to employment by such agency or by the District of 
Columbia, 
the Commission shall determine whether or not there is a position in 
any other agency in the executive branch of the Government or in the 
government of the District of Columbia for which such person is quali-
fied and which is either vacant or held by a person having a temporary 
appointment thereto. In any case in which the Commission determines 
that there is such a position, such person shall be offered employment 
and, if such person so requests, be employed in such position by the 
agency in which such position exists or by the government of the 
District of Columbia, as the case may be. The Commission is authorized 
Regulations. 
and directed to issue regulations giving full force and effect to the 
provisions of this section insofar as they relate to persons entitled to be 
restored to or employed in positions in the executive branch of the 
Government or in the government of the District of Columbia, includ-
ing persons entitled to be reemployed under the last sentence of sub-
section (b) of this section. The agencies in the executive branch of the 
compliance 
Government and the government of the District of Columbia shall tTon^for°i^s^s^"^f^' 
comply with such rules, regulations, and orders issued by the Commis- wages, 
sion pursuant to this subsection. The Commission is authorized and 
directed whenever it finds, upon appeal of the person concerned, that 
any agency in the executive branch of the Government or the govern-
ment of tlie District of Columbia has failed or refuses to comply with 
the provisions of this section, to issue an order specifically requiring 
such agency or the government of the District of Columbia to comply 
with such provisions and to compensate such person for any loss of 
salary or wages suffered by reason of failure to comply with such pro-
visions, less any amounts received by such person through other em-
ployment, unemployment compensation, or readjustment allowances. 
Any such compensation ordered to be paid by the Commission shall be 
in addition to and shall not be deemed to diminish any of the benefits 
provided for in such provisions, and shall be paid by the head of the 
agency concerned or by the government of the District of Columbia 
out of appropriations currently available for salary and expenses of 
such agency or government, and such appropriations shall be avail-
able for such purpose. As used in this chapter, the term 'agency in the 
"Agency in the 
executive branch of the Government' means any department, inde- orthe'covern"''^ 
pendent establishment, agency, or corporation in the executive branch ment." 
of the United States Government (including the United States Postal 
Service and the Postal Rate Commission). 
"(b) Any person who is entitled to be restored to or employed in a 
Restoration to 
position in accordance with the provisions of clause (A) of section jL^n^^^*^''^ ^°^'" 
2021(a), and who was employed, immediately before entering the 
Ante, p. 1594. 
Armed Forces, in the legislative branch of the Government, shall be 
so restored or employed by the officer who appointed such person to 
the position which such person held immediately before entering the 
Armed Forces. In any case in which it is not possible for any such 
Transfer to ex-
person to be restored to or employed in a position in the legislative ^''"""^ position. 
branch of the Government and such person is otherwise eligible to 
acquire a status for transfer to a position in the competitive service in 
accordance with section 3304(c) of title 5, the United States Civil 
Service Commission shall, upon appeal of such person, determine 
38 use 2024. 
50 use app. 
451. 
1598 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[SB STAT. 
whether or not there is a position in the executive branch of the 
Government for which such person is qualified and which is either 
vacant or held by a person having a temporary appointment thereto. 
In any case in which the Commission determines that there is such 
a position, such person shall be offered employment and, if such per-
son so requests, be employed in such position by the agency in which 
such position exists. 
Restoration to 
u ^^^ ^j^y persou who is entitled to be restored to or employed in a 
ju icia posi ion. p^gj^j^j^ jj^ accordaucc with the provisions of clause (A) of section 
Ante, p. 1594. 
2021(a) aud who was employed, immediately before entering the 
Armed Forces, in the judicial branch of the Government, shall be so 
restored or reemployed by the officer who appointed such person to 
the position which such person held immediately before entering the 
Armed Forces. 
"§ 2024. Rights of persons who enlist or are called to active duty; 
Reserves 
" (a) Any person who, after entering the employment on the basis of 
which such person claims restoration or reemployment, enlists in the 
Armed Forces of the United States (other than in a Reserve compo-
nent) shall be entitled upon release from service under honorable con-
ditions to all of the reemployment rights and other benefits provided 
for by this section in the case of persons inducted under the provisions 
of the Military Selective Service Act (or prior or subsequent legisla-
tion providing for the involuntary induction of persons into the 
Armed Forces), if the total of such person's service performed 
between June 24,1948, and August 1, 1961, did not exceed four years, 
and the total of any service, additional or otherwise, performed by 
such person after August 1,1961, does not exceed five years, and if the 
service in excess of four years after August 1, 1961, is at the request 
and for the convenience of the Federal Government (plus in each case 
any period of additional service imposed pursuant to law). 
"(b)(1) Any person who, after entering the employment on the 
basis of which such person claims restoration or reemployment, enters 
upon active duty (other than for the purpose of determining physical 
fitness and other than for training), whether or not voluntarily, in the 
Armed Forces of the United States or the Public Health Service in re-
sponse to an order or call to active duty shall, upon such person's relief 
from active duty under honorable conditions, be entitled to all of the 
reemployment rights and benefits provided for by this chapter in the 
case of persons inducted under the provisions of the Military Selective 
Service Act (or prior or subsequent legislation providing for the 
involuntary induction of persons into the Armed Forces), if the total 
of such active duty performed between June 24, 1948, and August 1, 
1961, did not exceed four years, and the total of any such active duty, 
additional or otherwise, performed after August 1, 1961, does not 
exceed four years (plus in each case any additional period in which 
such person was unable to obtain orders relieving such person from 
active duty). 
"(2) Any member of a Reserve component of the Armed Forces of 
(he United States w^ho voluntarily or involuntarily enters upon active 
duty (other than for the purpose of determining physical fitness and 
other than for training) or whose active duty is voluntarily or involun-
tarily extended during a period when the President is authorized to 
order imits of the Ready Reserve or members of a Reserve component 
to active duty shall have the service limitation governing eligibility for 
Additional ac-
tive duty. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1599 
reemployment rights under subsection (b) (1) of this section extended 
by such member's period of such active duty, but not to exceed that 
period of active duty to which the President is authorized to order 
units of the Ready Reserve or members of a Reserve component. With 
respect to a member who voluntarily enters upon active duty or whose 
active duty is voluntarily extended, the provisions of this subsection 
shall apply only when such additional active duty is at the request and 
for the convenience of the Federal Government. 
"(c) Any member of a Reserve component of the Armed Forces of 
j.^^'h/^'^ ^""o^ h--
the United States who is ordered to an initial period of active duty for 
training of not less than three consecutive months shall, upon applica-
tion for reemployment Avithin thirty-one days after (1) such mem-
ber's release from such active duty for training after satisfactory 
service, or (2) such member's discharge from hospitalization incident 
to sucli active duty for training, or one year after such member's sched-
uled release from such training, whichever is earlier, be entitled to all 
reemployment rights and benefits provided by this chapter for per-
sons inducted under the provisions of the Military Selective Service 
Act (or prior or subsequent legislation providing for the involuntary 
so use app. 
induction of persons into the Armed Forces), except that (A) any 
six-month dis-
person restored to or employed in a position in accordance with the charge period. 
provisions of this subsection shall not be discharged from such posi-
tion without cause within six months after that restoration, and (B) 
no reemployment rights granted by this subsection shall entitle any 
person to retention, preference, or displacement lights over any vet-
ei'an with a superior claim under those provisions of title 5 relating to 
s use loi et 
veterans and other preference eligibles. 
^^'^' 
"(d) Any emj)loyee not covered by subsection (c) of this section 
Leave o
f ab 
who holds a position described in clause (A) or (B) of section 2021 (a) 1"""^"^'"' ""^' 
shall upon request be granted a leave of absence by such person's t7ainTng^ 
employer for the period required to perform active duty for training 
^"'^' P-
or inactive duty training in the Armed Forces of the United States. 
Upon such employee's release from a period of such active duty for 
training or inactive duty training, or upon such employee's discharge 
from hospitalization incident to that training, such employee shall be 
permitted to return to such employee's position with such seniority, 
status, pay, and vacation as such employee would have had if such 
employee had not been absent for such purposes. Such employee shall 
report for work at the beginning of the next regularly scheduled 
working period after expiration of the last calendar day necessary to 
travel from the place of training to the place of employment follow-
ing such employee's release, or within a reasonable time thereafter 
if delayed return is due to factors beyond the employee's control. 
Failure to report for work at such next regularly scheduled working 
period shall make the employee subject to the conduct rules of the 
employer pertaining to explanations and discipline with respect to 
absence from scheduled work. If such an employee is hospitalized 
incident to active duty for training or inactive duty training, such 
employee shall be required to report for work at the beginning of the 
next regularly scheduled work period after expiration of the time 
necessary to travel from the place of discharge from hospitalization 
to the place of employment, or within a reasonable time thereafter if 
delayed return is due to factors beyond the employee's control, or 
within one year after such employee's release from active duty for 
training or inactive duty training, whichever is earlier. If an employee 
sence for active 
or inactive duty 
1594. 
1600 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
Induction peri-
od considered as 
leave of absence. 
Ante, 
p. 1594. 
Active and in-
active duty 
training. 
38 u s e 2025. 
38 u s e 2026. 
50 u s e app. 
459. 
Repeal. 
covered by this subsection is not qualified to perform the duties of 
such employee's position by reason of disability sustained during 
active duty for training or mactive duty training, but is qualified to 
perform the duties of any other position m the employ of the employer 
or his successor in interest, such employee shall be offered employ-
ment and, if such person so requests, be employed by that employer 
or his successor in interest in such other position the duties of which 
such employee is qualified to perform as will provide such employee 
like seniority, status, and pay, or the nearest approximation thereof 
consistent with the circumstances in such employee's case. 
"(e) Any employee not covered by subsection (c) of this section 
who holds a position described in clause (A) or (B) of section 
2021 (a) shall be considered as having been on leave of absence during 
the period required to report for the purpose of being inducted into, 
entering, or determining, by a preinduction or other examination, 
physical fitness to enter the Armed Forces. Upon such employee's 
rejection, upon completion of such employee's preinduction or other 
examination, or upon such employee's discharge from hospitalization 
incident to such rejection or examination, such employee shall be per-
mitted to return to such employee's position in accordance with the 
provisions of subsection (d) of this section. 
"(f) For the purposes of subsections (c) and (d) of this section, 
full-time training or other full-time duty performed by a member of 
the National Guard under section 316, 503, 504, or 505 of title 32, is 
considered active duty for training; and for the purpose of subsection 
(d) of this section, inactive duty training performed by that member 
under section 502 of title 32 or section 206, 301, 309, 402, or 1002 of 
title 37, is considered inactive duty training. 
"§ 2025. Assistance in obtaining reemployment 
"The Secretary of Labor, through the Office of Veterans' Keem-
ployment Rights, shall render aid in the replacement in their former 
positions or reemployment of persons who have satisfactorily com-
pleted any period of active duty in the Armed Forces or the Public 
Health Service, In rendering such aid, the Secretary shall use existing 
Federal and State agencies engaged in similar or related activities and 
shall utilize the assistance of volunteers. 
"§ 2026. Prior rights for reemployment 
"In any case in which two or more persons who are entitled to be 
restored to or employed in a position under the provisions of this 
chapter or of any other law relating to similar reemployment benefits 
left the same position in order to enter the Armed Forces, the person 
who left such position first shall have the prior right to be restored 
thereto or reemployed on the basis thereof, without prejudice to the 
reemployment rights of the other person or persons to be restored or 
reemploved.". 
(b) The table of chapters at the beginning of title 38, United States 
Code, and the table of chapters at the beginning of part I I I of such 
title are each amended by adding at the end thereof 
"43. Veterans' Reemployment Rights 
2021". 
SEC. 405. Section 9 of the Military Selective Service Act is amended 
b y -
(1) repealing subsections (b) through (h); and 
(2) redesignating subsections (i) and (j) as subsections (b) 
and (c), respectively. 
88 STAT. ] 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
1601 
TITLE V—EFFECTIVE DATES 
SEC. 501. Title I of this Act shall become effective on September 1, ^^^^ ^^'^ *^°^ 
SEC. 502. Title I I I of this Act shall become effective on January 1, ^^^^ use i798 
1975, except that eligible persons shall, upon application, be entitled 
(and all such persons shall be notified by the Administrator of 
Veterans' Affairs of such entitlement) to a loan under the new sub-
chapter I I I of chapter 36 of title 38, United States Code, as added 
by section 301 of this Act, the terms of which take into account the ^"'^' P- i^^^-
full amount of the actual cost of attendance (as defined in section 
1798(b)(2)(C) of such title) which such persons incurred for the 
academic year beginning on or about September 1, 1974. 
SEC. 503. Titles I I and IV of this Act shall become effective on the J^^^^^ ^^^^ 
date of their enactment. 
C A R L A L B E R T 
Speaker of the House of 
Representatives. 
JAMES 0. EASTLAND 
President 
of the Senate pro tempore. 
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, U.S., 
Decembers, 1974. 
The House of Representatives having proceeded to reconsider the biU (H. R. 
12628) entitled "An Act to amend title 38, United States Code, to increase 
vocational rehabilitation subsistence allowances, educational and training 
assistance allowances, and special allowances paid to eligible veterans and 
persons under chapters 31, 34, and 35 of such title; to improve and expand the 
special programs for educationally disadvantaged veterans and servicemen 
under chapter 34 of such title; to improve and expand the veteran-student 
services program; to establish an education loan program for veterans and 
persons eligible for benefits under chapter 34 or 35 of such title; to make other 
improvements in the educational assistance program and in the administration 
of educational benefits; to promote the employment of veterans and the wives 
and widows of certain veterans by improving and expanding the provisions 
governing the operation of the Veterans Employment Service, by increasing the 
employment of veterans by Federal contractors and subcontractors, and by 
providing for an action plan for the employment of disabled and Vietnam era 
veterans within the Federal Government; to codify and expand veterans 
reemployment rights; and for other purposes", returned by the President of the 
United States with his objections, to the House of Representatives, in which it 
originated, it was 
1602 
PUBLIC LAW 93-508-DEC. 3, 1974 
[88 STAT. 
Resolved, That the said bill pass, two-thirds of the House of Representatives 
agreeing to pass the same. 
Attest. 
W. P A T 
J E N N I N G S 
Clerk. 
By W. Raymond 
Colley 
I certify that this Act originated in the House of Representatives. 
W. P A T J E N N I N G S 
Clerk. 
By W. Raymond 
Colley 
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, 
Decembers, 1974. 
The Senate having proceeded to reconsider the bill (H. R. 12628) entitled 
"An Act to amend title 38, United States Code, to increase vocational 
rehabilitation subsistence allowances, educational and training assistance 
allowances, and special allowances paid to eligible veterans and persons under 
chapters 31, 34, and 35 of such title; to improve and expand the special 
programs for educationally disadvantaged veterans and servicemen under 
chapter 34 of such title; to improve and expand the veteran-student services 
program; to establish an education loan program for veterans and persons 
eUgible for benefits under chapter 34 or 35 of such title; to make other 
improvements in the educational assistance program and in the administration 
of educational benefits; to promote the employment of veterans and the wives 
and widows of certain veterans by improving and expanding the provisions 
governing the operation of the Veterans Employment Service, by increasing the 
employment of veterans by Federal contractors and subcontractors, and by 
providing for an action plan for the employment of disabled and Vietnam era 
veterans within the Federal Government; to codify and expand veterans 
reemployment rigjits; and for other purposes", returned by the President of the 
United States with his objections to the House of Representatives, in which it 
originated, it was 
Resolved, That the said bill pass, two-thirds of the Senators present having 
voted in the affirmative. 
Attest: 
FRANCIS R. V A L E O 
Secretary. 
By Darrell St. Claire 
Assistant 
Secretary