Compact of Free Association Act of 1985
PL 99-239 (H.J.Res.187), enacted 01/14/1986

99 STAT. 1770 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Public Law 99-239 
99th Congress 
Joint Resolution 
Jan. 14, 1986 
[H.J. Res. 187] 
Compact of Free 
Association Act 
of 1985. 
Micronesia. 
Marshall 
Islands. 
48 u s e 1681 
note. 
59 Stat. 1031. 
Post, p. 1827. 
48 u s e 1681 
note. 
To approve the "Compact of Free Association", and for other purposes. 
Whereas the United States, in accordance with the Trusteeship 
Agreement, the Charter of the United Nations and the objectives 
of the international trusteeship system, has promoted the develop-
ment of the peoples of the Trust Territory toward self-government 
or independence as appropriate to the particular circumstances of 
the Trust Territory and its peoples and the freely expressed 
wishes of the peoples concerned; and 
Whereas the United States, in response to the desires of the peoples 
of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands 
expressed through their freely-elected representatives and by the 
official pronouncements and enactments of their lawfully con-
stituted governments, and in consideration of its own obligations 
under the Trusteeship Agreement to promote self-determination, 
entered into political status negotiations with representatives of 
the peoples of the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Mar-
shall Islands; and 
Whereas these negotiations resulted in the "Compact of Free 
Association" which, together with its related agreements, was 
signed by the United States and by the Federated States of 
Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands on October 1, 
1982 and June 25,1983, respectively; and 
Whereas the Compact of Free Association was approvec*. by majori-
ties of the peoples of the Federated States of Micronesia and the 
Marshall Islands in United Nations-observed plebiscites con-
ducted on June 21, 1983 and September 7, 1983, respectively; and 
Whereas the Compact of Free Association has been approved by the 
Governments of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Mar-
shall Islands in accordance with their respective constitutional 
processes, thus completing fully for the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia and the Marshall Islands their domestic approval proc-
esses with respect to the Compact as contemplated in Compact 
Section 411: Now, therefore, be it 
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United 
States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE AND TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This joint resolution, together with the Table of 
Contents in subsection (b) of this section, may be cited as the 
"Compact of Free Association Act of 1985". 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents for this joint 
resolution is as follows: 
TITLE I—APPROVAL OF COMPACT; INTERPRETATION OF, AND UNITED 
STATES POLICIES REGARDING, COMPACT; SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS 
Sec. 101. Approval of Compact of Free Association. 
(a) Federated States of Micronesia. 
(b) Marshall Islands. 
(c) Reference to the Compact. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1771 
(d) Amendment, Change, or Termination in the Compact and Certain 
Agreements. 
(e) Subsidiary Agreements Deemed Bilateral. 
(f) Effective Date. 
Sec. 102. Agreements With Federated States of Micronesia. 
(a) Law Enforcement Assistance. 
(b) Economic Development Plans Review Process. 
(c) Agreement on Audits. 
Sec. 103. Agreements With and Other Provisions Related to the Marshall Islands. 
(a) Law Enforcement Assistance. 
(b) Economic Development Plans Review Process. 
(c) Ejit. 
(d) Kwajalein Payments. 
(e) Section 177 Agreement. 
(0 Nuclear Test Effects. 
(g) Espousal Provisions. 
(h) DOE Radiological Health Care Program; USDA Agricultural and Food 
Programs, 
(i) Rongelap. 
(j) Four Atoll Health Care Program. 
(k) Enjebi Community Trust Fund. 
(1) Bikini Atoll Cleanup, 
(m) Agreement on Audits. 
Sec. 104. Interpretation of and United States Policy Regarding Compact of Free 
Association. 
(a) Human Rights. 
(b) Immigration. 
(c) Nonalienation of Lands. 
(d) Nuclear Waste Disposal. 
(e) Impact of Compact on U.S. Areas. 
(f) Fisheries Management. 
(g) Foreign Loans. 
Sec. 105. Supplemental Provisions. 
(a) Domestic Pr<^am Requirements. 
(b) Relations With the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall 
Islands. 
(c) Continuing Trust Territory Authorization. 
(d) Medical Referral Debts. 
(e) Survivability. 
(0 R^stration for Agents of Micronesian Governments, 
(g) Noncompliance Sanctions, 
(h) Continuing Programs and Laws, 
(i) College of Micronesia; Education Programs, 
(j) Trust Territory Debts to U.S. Federal Agencies, 
(k) Use of DOD Medical Facilities. 
(1) Technical Assistance, 
(m) Prior Service Benefits Pn^am. 
(n) Indefinite Land Use Payments, 
(o) Communicable Disease Control Program, 
(p) Trust Funds. 
(q) Annual Reports on Determinations Under Compact Section 313. 
(r) User Fees. 
Sec. 106. Construction Contract Assistance. 
(a) Assistance to U.S. Firms. 
(b) Authorization. 
Sec. 107. Limitations. 
(a) Prohibition. 
(b) Termination. 
Sec. 108. Transitional Immigration Rules. 
(a) Citizen of Northern Mariana Islands. 
(b) Termination. 
Sec. 109. Timing. 
Sec. 110. Implementation of Audit Agreements. 
(a) Transmission of Annual Financial Statement. 
(b) Annual Audits By the President. 
(c) Authority of GAO. 
Sec. 111. Compensatory Adjustments. 
(a) Additional Programs and Services. 
(b) Investment Development Funds. 
(c) Board of Advisors. 
(d) Further Amounts. 
99 STAT. 1772 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
TITLE n-COMPACT OP FREE ASSOOAHON 
Sec. 201. Compact of Free Association. 
Title One—Ciovernmeital ^ a t t e i 
_^ 
Article I—Self-Govemment. 
Article II—Foreign AiTaira. 
Article III—Communications. 
Article IV—Immigration. 
Article V—Repres^itation. 
Article VI—Environmental FMectioiL 
Article VII—General L^al P»)visioiia 
Title Two—Ec^omic B^tlOEit 
Article I—Grant Assistance. 
Article II—Program Assistance. 
Article III—Administrative Provirions. 
Article IV—Trade. 
Article V—Finance and Taxation. 
Title Three—Security and ^fense Relatioiii 
Article I—Authority and Responsibility. 
Article II—Defense Facilities and Operatuig Rl^t&> 
Article III—Defense Tk^ati^ and International Security ^gFi@iii§iit& 
Article IV—Service in Armed Forces (
r
f
* the Unit^ ^alss. 
Article V—General Provisions. 
Title Four—General FktJ¥Mois 
Article I—Approval and Effective Date. 
Article II—Conference and Dispute Resolution. 
Article III—Amendment 
Article IV—Termination. 
Article V—Survivability. 
Article VI—I^finition of Terms. 
Article VII—Concluding Pirovisions. 
Sec. 202. Jurisdiction. 
TITLE ra-PAClFIC POUC¥ EETORTS 
Sec. 301. Findings. 
Sec. 302. Reports. 
(a) Submission. 
(b) Contents. 
Sec. 303. Conference. 
(a) Meeting. 
(b) Participants. 
(c) Written Comments. 
Sec. 304. Administrative Matters. 
(a) Administrative Support 
(b) Authorization of Appropriations. 
TITLE IV-CLAMFICATION OF CERTAIN TRADE AND TAX PTOVISIOMS OF 
THE COMPACT 
Sec. 401. Freely Associated States Tariff Treatment 
(a) Section 242. 
(b) Section 243. 
Sec. 402. Construction of Section 253 of the Compact 
Sec. 403. Construction of Section 234 of the Compact 
Sec. 404. Construction of Section 255 of the Cdmpact 
Sec. 405. The Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micran^ia T^^atid as 
North American Area. 
Sec. 406. Effective Date. 
Sec. 407. Study of Tax Provisions. 
Sec. 408. Coordination With Other Provisions. 
TITLE V-COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION WITH PALAU 
Sec. 501. Approval In Principle of the Compact 
Sec. 502. Modifications of the Compact 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1773 
48 use 1681 
note. 
TITLE I—APPROVAL OF COMPACT; INTERPRETATION OF, 
AND U.S. POLICIES REGARDING, COMPACT; SUPPLEMEN-
TAL PROVISIONS 
SECTION 101. APPROVAL OF COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION. 
(a) FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA.—The Compact of Free 
Association set forth in title II of this joint resolution between the 
United States and the Government of the Federated States of 
Micronesia is hereby approved, and Congress hereby consents to the 
subsidiary agreements as set forth on pages 115 through 391 of 
House Document 98-192 of March 30, 1984, as they relate to such 
Government. Subject to the provisions of this joint resolution, the President of U.S. 
President is authorized to agree, in accordance with section 411 of 
the Compact, to an effective date for and thereafter to implement Post, p. 1827. 
such Compact, having taken into account any procedures with 
respect to the United Nations for termination of the Trusteeship 
Agreement. 
(b) MARSHALL ISLANDS.—The Compact of Free Association set 
forth in title II of this joint resolution between the United States 
and the Government of the Marshall Islands is hereby approved, 
and Congress hereby consents to the subsidiary agreements as set 
forth on pages 115 through 391 of House Document 98-192 of March 
30, 1984, as they relate to such Grovernment. Subject to the provi- President of U.S. 
sions of this joint resolution, the President is authorized to agree, in 
accordance with section 411 of the Compact, to an effective date for 
and thereafter to implement such Compact, having taken into ac-
count any procedures with respect to the United Nations for termi-
nation of the Trusteeship Agreement. 
(c) REFERENCE TO THE COMPACT.—Any reference in this joint reso-
lution to "the Compact" shall be treated as a reference to the 
Compact of Free Association set forth in title 11 of this joint 
resolution. 
(d) AMENDMENT, CHANGE, OR TERMINATION IN THE COMPACT AND 
CERTAIN AGREEMENTS.—(1) Mutual agreement by the Government 
of the United States as provided in the Compact which results in 
amendment, change, or termination of all or any part thereof shall 
be effected only by Act of Congress and no unilateral action by the 
Government of the United States provided for in the Compact, and 
having such result, may be effected other than by Act of Congress. 
(2) TTie provisions of paragraph (1) shall apply— 
(A) to all actions of the Government of the United States 
under the Compact including, but not limited to, actions taken 
pursuant to sections 431, 432, 441, or 442; 
Post, p. 1829. 
(B) to any amendment, change, or termination in the Agree-
ment between the Government of the United States and the 
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia Regarding 
Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Security Concluded Pursu-
ant to Sections 321 and 323 of the Compact of Free Association 
referred to in section 462(j) of the Compact and the Agreement Post, p. 1833. 
between the Government of the United States and the Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands Concerning Mutual Security Con-
cluded Pursuant to Sections 321 and 323 of the Compact of Free 
Association referred to in section 462(k) of the Compact; 
(C) to any amendment, change, or termination of the agree-
ments concluded pursuant to Compact sections 175, 177, and 
99 STAT. 1774 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
221(aX5), the terms of which are incorporated by reference into 
Post, pp. 1812, 
the Compact; and 
1^1^- 
(D) to the following subsidiary agreements, or portions 
thereof: 
(i) Article II of the agreement referred to in section 462(a) 
Post, p. 1833. 
of the Compact; 
(ii) Article II of the agreement referred to in section 
462(b) of the Compact; 
(iii) Article II and Section 7 of Article XI of the agree-
ment referred to in section 462(e) of the Compact; 
(iv) the agreement referred to in section 462(f) of the 
Compact; 
(v) Articles III and IV of the agreement referred to in 
section 462(g) of the Compact; 
(vi) Articles III and IV of the agreement referred to in 
section 462(h) of the Compact; and 
(vii) Articles VI, XV, and XVII of the agreement referred 
to in section 462(i) of the Compact, 
(e) SUBSIDIARY AGREEMENTS DEEMED BILATERAL.—For purposes of 
implementation of the Compact and this joint resolution, each of the 
subsidiary agreements referred to in subsections (a) and (b) (whether 
or not bilateral in form) shcdl be deemed to be bilateral agreements 
between the United States and each other party to such subsidiary 
agreement. The consent or concurrence of any other party shall not 
be required for the effectiveness of any actions taken by the United 
States in conjunction with either the Federated States of Micronesia 
or the Marshall Islands which are intended to affect the im-
plementation, modification, suspension, or termination of any such 
subsidiary agreement (or any provision thereof) as regards the 
mutual responsibilities of the United States and the party in 
conjunction with whom the actions are taken. 
President of U.S. 
(0 EFFECTIVE DATE.—(1) The President shall not agree to an 
effective date for the Compact, as authorized by this section, until 
after certifying to Congress that the agreements described in section 
Post, pp. 1775, 
102 and section 103 of this title have been concluded. 
^^^^- 
(2) Any agreement concluded with the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia or the Marshall Islands pursuant to sections 102 and 103 of 
this title and any agreement which would amend, change, or termi-
nate any subsidiary agreement or portion thereof as set forth in 
paragraph (4) of this subsection shall be submitted to the Congress. 
No such agreement shall take effect until after the expiration of 30 
days after the date such agreement is so submitted (excluding days 
on which either House of (Jongress is not in session). 
(3) No agreement described in paragraph (2) shall take effect if a 
joint resolution of disapproval is enacted during the period specified 
in paragraph (2), For the purpose of expediting the consideration of 
such a joint resolution, a motion to proceed to the consideration of 
any such joint resolution after it has been reported by an appro-
priate committee shall be treated as highly privileged in the House 
of Representatives. Any such joint resolution shall be considered in 
the Senate in accordance with the provisions of section 601(b) of 
Public Law 94-329. 
90 Stat. 765. 
(4) The Subsidiary agreements or portions thereof referred to in 
paragraph (2) are as follows: 
(A) Articles III and IV of the agreement referred to in section 
Post, p. 1833. 
462(b) of the Ck)mpact. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1775 
(B) Articles III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII, IX, X, and XI (except for 
Section 7 thereof) of the agreement referred to in section 462(e) Post, p. 1833. 
of the Compact. 
(C) Articles IV, V, X, XTV, XVI, and XVIII of the agreement 
referred to in section 462(i) of the Compact. 
(D) Articles II, V, VI, VII, and VIII of the agreement referred 
to in section 462(g) of the Compact, 
(E) Articles 11, V, VI, and VIII of the agreement referred to in 
section 462(h) of the Compact. 
(F) The Agreement set forth on pages 388 through 391 of 
House Document 98-192 of March 30, 1984. 
(5) No agreement between the United States and the Government 
of either the Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands 
which would amend, change, or terminate any subsidiary agreement 
or portion thereof, other than those set forth in subsection (d) of this 
section or paragraph (4) of this subsection shall take effect until the 
President has transmitted such agreement to the President of the 
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives together 
with an explanation of the agreement and the reasons therefore. 
SEC. 102. AGREEMENTS WITH FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE.— 
(1) AGREEMENT.—The President of the United States shall President of U.S. 
negotiate with the Government of the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia an agreement pursuant to section 175 of the (impact Post, p. 1812. 
which is in addition to the Agreement pursuant to such section 
dated October 1, 1982, and transmitted to the Congress by the 
President on February 20, 1985. Such additional agreement 
shall provide as follows: 
(A) MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT.—The law 
^,; 
enforcement agencies of the United States and the Fed- 
. ?
? 
erated States of Micronesia shall assist one another, as 
mutually agreed, in the prevention and investigation of 
crimes and the enforcement of the laws of the United States 
and the Federated States of Micronesia specified in 
subpars^aph (C) of this paragraph. The United States and 
the Federated States of Micronesia will authorize mutual 
assistance with respect to investigations, inquiries, audits 
and related activities by the law enforcement agencies of 
both Governments in the United States and the Federated 
* ' 
States of Micronesia. In conducting activities authorized in 
accordance with this section, the United States and the 
Federated States of Micronesia will act in accordance with 
the constitution and laws of the jurisdiction in which such 
activities are conducted. 
(B) NARCOTICS AND CONTROL OF ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES.—The 
United States and the Federated States of Micronesia will 
take all reasonable and necessary steps, as mutually 
agreed, based upon consultations in which the Attorney 
General or other designated official of each Grovemment 
participates, to prevent the use of the lands, waters, and 
facilities of the United States or the Federated States of 
Micronesia for the purposes of cultivation of, production of, 
smuggling of, trafficking in, and abuse of any controlled 
substance as defined in section 102(6) of the United States 
Controlled Substances Act and Schedules I through V of 
21 use 802. 
Subchapter II of the C!ontrolled Substances Act of the Fed-
99 STAT. 1776 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Post, p. 1812. 
Drugs and drug 
abuse. 
Post, pp. 1817, 
1818. 
Post, p. 1791. 
President of U.S. 
Ante, p. 229. 
President of U.S. 
Post, p. 1813. 
Ante, p. 1773. 
Aircraft and air 
carriers. 
erated States of Micronesia, or for the distribution of any 
such substance to or from the Federated States of Microne-
sia or to or from the United States or any of its territories 
or commonwealths. 
(C) OTHER CRIMINAL LAWS.—Assistance provided pursuant 
to this subsection shall also extend to, but not be limited to, 
prevention and prosecution of violations of the laws of the 
United States and the laws of the Federated States of 
Micronesia related to terrorism, espionage, racketeer influ-
enced and corrupt organizations, and financial transactions 
which advance the interests of any person engaging in 
unlawful activities, as well as the schedule of offenses set 
forth in Appendix A of the subsidiary agreement to section 
175 of the Compact. 
(2) TECHNICAL AND TRAINING ASSISTANCE.—Pursuant to sec-
tions 224 and 226 of the Compact, the United States shall 
provide non-reimbursable technical and training assistance as 
appropriate, including training and equipment for postal inspec-
tion of illicit drugs and other contraband, to enable the Govern-
ment of the Federated States of Micronesia to develop and 
adequately enforce laws of the Federated States of Micronesia 
and to cooperate with the United States in the enforcement of 
criminal laws of the United States. Funds appropriated pursu-
ant to section 105(1) of this title may be used to reimburse State 
or local agencies providing such assistance. 
(3) CONSULTATION.—Any official, designated by this joint reso-
lution or by the President to negotiate any agreement under 
this section, shall consult with affected law enforcement agen-
cies prior to entering into such an agreement on behalf of the 
United States. 
(4) REPORT.—The President shall report annually to Congress 
on the implementation of this subsection. Such report shall 
provide statistical and other information about the incidence of 
crimes in the Federated States of Micronesia which have an 
impact upon United States jurisdictions, and propose measures 
which the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia 
should take in order better to prevent and prosecute violations 
of the laws of the United States and the Federated States of 
Micronesia. The reports required under section 481(e) of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall include relevant informa-
tion concerning the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(b) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANS REVIEW PROCESS.— 
(1) SUBMISSION.—Notwithstanding section 211(b) of the Com-
pact, the President may agree to an effective date for the 
Compact pursuant to section 101(a) of this title if the Govern-
ment of the Federated States of Micronesia agrees to submit 
economic development plans consistent with section 211(b) of 
the Compact to the Government of the United States for concur-
rence at intervals no greater than every 5 years for the duration 
of the Compact. Any capital construction project and any 
planned independent purchase of aircraft which is to be fi-
nanced (directly or indirectly) through the use of funds provided 
under section 211 of the Compact shall be identified in the 
economic development plans. 
(2) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT REVIEW.—The United States 
shall not concur in those development plans described in para-
graph (1) of this subsection until— 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1777 
(A) after the President of the United States has conducted President of U.S. 
a review and reported the findings of the President to the 
Ck)ngress; and 
(B) the Congress has had 30 days (excluding days on 
which both Houses of Congress are not in session) to review 
the findings of the President. 
(3) REPORT.—The President shall complete the review under President of U.S. 
paragraph (2) and shall report the findings no later than 60 days 
after the President's receipt of such plans. 
(4) VIEWS AND COMMENTS.—The report shall include the views 
of the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the 
Agency for International Development, and the heads of such 
other Executive departments as the President may decide to 
include in the report, as well as any comments which the 
Federated States of Micronesia may wish to have included. 
(c) AGREEMENT ON AUDITS.—In accordance with section 233 of the 
Compact, the President of the United States, in consultation with 
Post, p. 1819. 
the Comptroller General of the United States, shall negotiate with 
the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia modifications 
to the "Agreement Concerning Procedures for the Implementation 
of United States Economic Assistance, Programs and Services Pro-
vided in the Compact of Free Association", which shall provide as 
follows: 
(1) GENERAL AUTHORITY OF THE GAO TO AUDIT.— 
Grants. 
(A) The Comptroller General of the United States (and 
his duly authorized representatives) shall have the author-
ity to audit— 
(i) all grants, program assistance, and other assist-
ance provided to the Government of the Federated 
States of Micronesia under Articles I and II of Title 
Two of the Compact; and 
(ii) any other assistance provided by the Government 
of the United States to the Government of the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia. 
Such authority shall include authority for the Comptroller 
General to conduct or cause to be conducted any of the 
audits provided for in section 233 of the Compact. The Post, p. 1819. 
authority provided in this paragraph shall continue for at 
least three years after the last such grant has been made or 
assistance has been provided. 
(B) The Comptroller General (and his duly authorized 
representatives) shall also have authority to review any 
audit conducted by or on behalf of the Government of the 
United States. In this connection, the Comptroller General 
shall have access to such personnel and to such records, 
documents, working papers, automated data and files, and 
other information relevant to such review. 
(2) GAO ACCESS TO RECORDS.— 
(A) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Comptroller Gen-
eral (and his duly authorized representatives) shall have 
such access to the personnel and (without cost) to records, 
documents, working papers, automated data and files, and 
other information relevant to such audits. The Comptroller 
General may duplicate any such records, documents, work-
ing papers, automated data and files, or other information 
relevant to such audits. 
99 STAT. 1778 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
(B) Such records, documents, working papers, automated 
data and files, and other information regarding each such 
grant or other assistance shall be maintained for at least 
three years after the date such grant or assistance was 
provided and in a manner that permits such grants, assist-
ance, and payments to be accounted for distinct from any 
other funds of the Government of the Federated States of 
Micronesia. 
(3) REPRESENTATIVE STATUS FOR GAO REPRESENTATIVES.—The 
Comptroller General and his duly authorized representatives 
shall be accorded the status set forth in Article V of Title One of 
the Compact. 
(4) ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.—As part of the annual 
report submitted by the Government of the Federated States of 
Post, p. 1813. 
Micronesia under section 211 of the Compact, the Government 
shall include annual financial statements which account for the 
use of all of the funds provided by the Government of the 
United States to the Government under the Compact or other-
wise. Such financied statements shall be prepared in accordance 
with generally accepted accounting procedures, except as may 
otherwise be mutually agreed. Not later than 180 days after the 
end of the United States fiscal year with respect to which such 
funds were provided, each such statement shall be submitted to 
the President for audit and transmission to the Congress. 
(5) DEFINITION OF AUDITS.—As used in this subsection, the 
term "audits" includes financial, program, and management 
audits, including determining— 
(A) whether the Government of the Federated States of 
Micronesia has met the requirements set forth in the Com-
pact, or any related agreement entered into under the 
Compact, regarding the purposes for which such grants and 
other assistance are to be used; and 
(B) the propriety of the financial transactions of the 
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia pursu-
ant to such grants or assistance. 
(6) COOPERATION BY FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA.—The 
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia will co-
operate fully with the Comptroller General of the United States 
in the conduct of such audits as the Comptroller General deter-
mines necessary to enable the Comptroller General to fully 
discharge his responsibilities under this joint resolution. 
48 use 1681 
SEC. 103. AGREEMENTS WITH AND OTHER PROVISIONS RELATED TO THE 
note. 
MARSHALL ISLANDS. 
(a) LAW ENFORCEMENT ASSISTANCE.— 
President of U.S. 
(1) AGREEMENT.—The President of the United States shall 
negotiate with the Government of the Marshall Islands an 
Post, p. 1812. 
agreement pursuant to section 175 of the Compact which is in 
addition to the Agreement pursuant to such section dated May 
30, 1982, and transmitted to the Congress by the President on 
February 20, 1985. Such additional agreement shall provide as 
follows: 
(A) MUTUAL ASSISTANCE IN LAW ENFORCEMENT.—The law 
enforcement agencies of the United States and the Mar-
shall Islands shall assist one another, as mutually agreed, 
in the prevention and investigation of crimes and the 
enforcement of the laws of the United States and the 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1779 
21 u s e 802. 
Marshall Islands specified in subparagraph (C) of this para-
graph. The United States and the Marshall Islands will 
authorize mutual assistance with respect to investigations, 
inquiries, audits and related activities by the law enforce-
ment agencies of both Governments in the United States 
and the Marshall Islands. In conducting activities au-
thorized in accordance with this section, the United States 
and the Marshall Islands will act in accordance with the 
constitution and laws of the jurisdiction in which such 
activities are conducted. 
(B) NARCOTICS AND CONTROL OF ILLEGAL SUBSTANCES.—The 
United States and the Marshall Islands will take all reason-
able and necessary steps, as mutually agreed, based upon 
consultations in which the Attorney General or other des-
ignated official of each Cxovernment participates, to prevent 
the use of the lands, waters, and facilities of the United 
States or the Marshall Islands for the purposes of cultiva-
tion of, production of, smuggling of, trafficking in, and 
abuse of any controlled substance as defined in section 
102(6) of the United States Controlled Substances Act and 
Schedules I through V of Subchapter II of the Controlled 
Substances Act of the Marshall Islands, or for the distribu-
tion of any such substgmce to or from the Marshall Islands 
or to or from the United States or any of its territories or 
commonwealths. 
(C) OTHER CRIMINAL LAWS.—Assistance provided pursuant 
to this subsection shall also extend to, but not be limited to, 
prevention and prosecution of violations of the laws of the 
United States and the laws of the Marshall Islands related 
to terrorism, espionage, racketeer influenced and corrupt 
organizations, and financial transactions which advance 
the interests of any person engaging in unlawful activities, 
as well as the schedule of offenses set forth in Appendix A 
of the subsidiary agreement to section 175 of the Compact. 
(2) TECHNICAL AND TRAINING ASSISTANCE.—Pursuant to sec-
tions 224 and 226 of the Compact, the United States shall 
provide non-reimbursable technical and training assistance as 
appropriate, including training and equipment for postal inspec-
tion of illicit drugs and other contraband, to enable the Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands to develop and adequately enforce 
laws of the Marshall Islands and to cooperate with the United 
States in the enforcement of criminal laws of the United States. 
Funds appropriated pursuant to section 105(1) of this title may Post, p. 1791. 
be used to reimburse State or local agencies providing such 
assistance. 
(3) CONSULTATION.—Any official, designated by this joint reso-
lution or by the President to negotiate any agreement under 
this section, shall consult with affected law enforcement agen-
cies prior to entering into such an agreement on behalf of the 
United States. 
(4) REPORT.—The President shall report annually to Congress President of U.S. 
on the implementation of this subsection. Such report shall 
provide statistical and other information about the incidence of 
crimes in the Marshall Islands which have an impact upon 
United States jurisdictions, and propose measures which the 
United States and the Marshall Islands should take in order 
better to prevent and prosecute violations of the laws of the 
Post, p. 1812. 
Drugs and drug 
abuse. 
Post, pp. 1817, 
1818. 
99 STAT. 1780 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Ante, p. 229. 
Post, p. 1813. 
Ante, p. 1773. 
Aircraft and air 
carriers. 
President of U.S. 
President of U.S. 
Report. 
President of U.S. 
Claims. 
United States and the Marshall Islands. The reports required 
under section 481(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 shall 
include relevant information concerning the Marshall Islands. 
(b) ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PLANS REVIEW PROCESS,— 
(1) SUBMISSION.—Notwithstanding section 211(b) of the Com-
pact, the President may agree to an effective date for the 
Compact pursuant to section 101(b) of this title if the Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands agrees to submit economic devel-
opment plans consistent with section 211(b) of the Compact to 
the Government of the United States for concurrence at inter-
vals no greater than every 5 years for the duration of the 
Compact. Any capital construction project and any planned 
independent purchase of aircraft which is to be financed (di-
rectly or indirectly) through the use of funds provided under 
section 211 of the Compact shall be identified in the economic 
development plans. 
(2) UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT REVIEW.—The United States 
shall not concur in those development plans described in para-
graph (1) of this subsection until— 
(A) after the President of the United States has conducted 
a review and reported the findings of the President to the 
Congress; and 
(B) the Congress has had 30 days (excluding days on 
which both Houses of Congress are not in session) to review 
the findings of the President. 
(3) REPORT.—The President shall complete the review under 
paragraph (2) and shall report the findings no later than 60 days 
after the President's receipt of such plans. 
(4) VIEWS AND COMMENTS.—The report shall include the views 
of the Secretary of the Interior, the Administrator of the 
Agency for International Development, and the heads of such 
other Executive departments as the President may decide to 
include in the report, as well as any comments which the 
Marshall Islands may wish to have included. 
(c) EJIT.—(1) The President of the United States shall negotiate 
with the Government of the Marshall Islands an agreement 
whereby, without prejudice as to any claims which have been or may be 
Eisserted by any party as to rightful title and ownership of any lands 
on Ejit, the Government of the Marshall Islands shall assure that 
lands on Ejit used as of January 1,1985, by the people of Bikini, will 
continue to be available without charge for their use, until such 
time as Bikini is restored and inhabitable and the continued use of 
Ejit is no longer necessary, unless a Marshall Islands court of 
competent jurisdiction finally determines that there are legal 
impediments to continued use of Ejit by the people of Bikini. 
(2) If the impediments described in paragraph (1) do arise, the 
United States will cooperate with the Government of the Marshall 
Islands in assisting any person adversely affected by such judicial 
determination to remain on Ejit, or in locating suitable and accept-
able alternative lands for such person's use. 
(3) Paragraph (1) shall not be applied in a manner which would 
prevent the Government of the Marshall Islands from acting in 
accordance with its constitutional processes to resolve title and 
ownership claims with respect to such lands or from taking sub-
stitute or additional measures to meet the needs of the people of 
Bikini with their democratically expressed consent and approval. 
(d) KWAJALEIN PAYMENTS.— 
Grants. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1781 
(1) STATEMENT OF POUCY.—The Congress of the United States 
hereby declares that it is the policy of the United States that 
payment of funds by the Government of the Marshall Islands to 
the landowners of Kwajalein Atoll in accordance with the land 
use agreement dated October 19, 1982, and the related alloca-
tion agreements, is required in order to ensure that the Govern-
ment of the United States will be able to fulfill its obligations 
and responsibilities under Title Three of the Compact and the 
subsidiary agreements concluded pursuant thereto. 
(2) FAILURE TO PAY.—In the event that the Government of the 
Marshall Islands fails to make payments in accordance with 
paragraph (1) of this subsection, the Government of the United 
States shall initiate procedures under Section 313 of the Com-
pact and consult with the Government of the Marshall Islands Post, p. 1822. 
with respect to the basis for such non-payment of funds. The 
United States shall expeditiously resolve the matter of any non-
payment of funds as described in paragraph (1) of this subsec-
tion pursuant to Section 313 of the Compact and the authority 
and responsibility of the Government of the United States for 
security and defense matters in or relating to the Marshall 
Islands. This paragraph shall be enforced, as may be necessary, 
in accordance with section 105(g)(2) of this joint resolution. Post, p. 1791. 
(3) ASSISTANCE.—The President is hereby authorized to make President of U.S. 
loans and grants to the Government of the Marshall Islands for Loans. 
the sole use of the Kwajalein Atoll Development Authority for 
the benefit of the Kwajalein landowners of amounts sought by 
such authority for development purposes, pursuant to a develop-
ment plan for Kwajalein Atoll which such authority has 
adopted in accordance with applicable laws of the Marshall 
Islands. Such loans and grants shall be subject to such other 
terms and conditions as the President, in his discretion, may 
determine appropriate and necessary. 
(e) SECTION 177 AGREEMENT.—(1) In furtherance of the purposes of 
Article I of the Subsidiary Agreement for Implementation of Section 
177 of the Compact, the payment of the amount specified therein Post, p. 1812. 
shall be made by the United States under Article I of the Agreement 
between the Government of the United States and the Government 
of the Marshall Islands for-the Implementation of Section 177 of the 
Compact (hereafter in this subsection referred to as the "Section 177 
Agreement") only after the Government of the Marshall Islands has 
notified the President of the United States as to which investment 
management firm has been selected by such Government to act as 
Fund Manager under Article I of the Section 177 Agreement. 
(2) In the event that the President determines that an investment 
management firm selected by the Government of the Marshall 
Islands does not meet the requirements specified in Article I of the 
Section 177 Agreement, the United States shall invoke the con-
ference and dispute resolution procedures of Article II of Title Four 
of the Compact. Pending the resolution of such a dispute and until a 
qualified Fund Manager has been designated, the Government of 
the Marshall Islands shall place the funds paid by the United States 
pursuant to Article I of the Section 177 Agreement into an interest-
bearing escrow account. Upon designation of a qualified Fund Man-
ager, all funds in the escrow account shall be transferred to the 
control of such Fund Manager for management pursuant to the 
Section 177 Agreement. 
99 STAT. 1782 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Ante, p. 1781. 
Report. 
Public 
availability. 
Hazardous 
materials. 
Post, p. 1812. 
(3) If the Government of the Marshall Islands determines that 
some other investment firm should act as Fund Manager in place of 
the firm first (or subsequently) selected by such Government, the 
Government of the Marshall Islands shall so notify the President of 
the United States, identifying the firm selected by such Government 
to become Fund Manager, and the President shall proceed to evalu-
ate the qualifications of such identified firm. 
(4) At the end of 15 years after the effective date of the Compact, 
the firm then acting as Fund Manager shall transfer to the Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands, or to such account as such Govern-
ment shall so notify the Fund Manager, all remaining funds and 
assets being managed by the Fund Manager under the Section 177 
Agreement. 
(5) An annual report concerning all actions of the Fund Manager 
pursuant to the Section 177 Agreement and this joint resolution, 
including information prepared by the Fund Manager, shall be 
transmitted by the Government of the Marshall Islands to the 
Congress. Such report shall include such information (whether re-
ceived from the Fund Manager or any other source) as relates to the 
disbursements provided for in Article II of the Section 177 Agree-
ment. Such report shall be made public. 
if) NUCLEAR TEST EFFECTS.—In approving the Compact, the (Don-
gress understands and intends that the peoples of Bikini, Enewetak, 
Rongelap, and Utrik, who were affected by the United States nu-
clear weapons testing program in the Marshall Islands, will receive 
the amounts of $75,000,000 (Bikini); $48,750,000 (Enewetak), 
$37,500,000 (Rongelap); and $22,500,000 (Utrik), respectively, which 
amounts shall be paid out of proceeds from the fund established 
under Article I, section 1 of the subsidiary agreement for the 
implementation of section 177 of the Compact. The amounts speci-
fied in this subsection shall be in addition to any amounts which 
may be awarded to claimants pursuant to Article IV of the subsidi-
ary agreement for the implementation of Section 177 of the 
Compact. 
(g) ESPOUSAL PROVISIONS.—(1) It is the intention of the Congress of 
the United States that the provisions of section 177 of the Compact 
of Free Association and the Agreement between the Government of 
the United States and the Government of the Marshall Islands for 
the Implementation of Section 177 of the Compact (hereafter in this 
subsection referred to as the "Section 177 Agreement") constitute a 
full and final settlement of all claims described in Articles X and XI 
of the Section 177 Agreement, and that any such claims be termi-
nated and barred except insofar as provided for in the Section 177 
Agreement. 
(2) In furtherance of the intention of Congress as stated in para-
graph (1) of this subsection, the Section 177 Agreement is hereby 
ratified and approved. It is the explicit understanding and intent of 
Congress that the jurisdictional limitations set forth in Article XII 
of such Agreement are enacted solely and exclusively to accomplish 
the objective of Article X of such Agreement and only as a clarifica-
tion of the effect of Article X, and are not to be construed or 
implemented separately from Article X. 
(h) DOE RADIOLOGICAL HEALTH CARE PROGRAM; U S D A AGRICUL-
TURAL AND FOOD PROGRAMS.— 
(1) MARSHALL ISLANDS PROGRAM.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, upon the request of the Government of the 
Marshall Islands, the President (either through an appropriate 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1783 
91 Stat. 1159. 
94 Stat. 84. 
department or agency of the United States or by contract with a 
United States firm) shall continue to provide special medical 
care and logistical support thereto for the remaining 174 mem-
bers of the population of Rongelap and Utrik who were exposed 
to radiation resulting from the 1954 United States thermo-
nuclear "Bravo" test, pursuant to Public Laws 95-134 and 
96-205. Such medical care and its accompanying logistical support 
shall total $22,500,000 over the first 11 years of the Compact. 
(2) AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD PROGRAMS.—Notwithstanding 
President of U.S. 
any other provision of law, upon the request of the Government 
of the Marshall Islands, for the first five years after the effec-
tive date of the Compact, the President (either through an 
appropriate department or agency of the United States or by 
contract with a United States firm) shall provide technical and 
other assistance— 
(A) without reimbursement, to continue the planting and 
agricultural maintenance program on Enewetak; 
(B) without reimbursement, to continue the food pro-
grams of the Bikini and Enewetak people described in 
section 1(d) of Article II of the Subsidiary Agreement for 
the Implementation of Section 177 of the Compact and for Post, p. 1812. 
continued waterbome transportation of agricultural prod-
ucts to Enewetak including operations and maintenance of 
the vessel used for such purposes. 
(3) PAYMENTS.—Pajnnents under this subsection shall be pro-
vided to such extent or in such amounts as are necessary for 
services and other assistance provided pursuant to this subsec-
tion. It is the sense of Congress that after the periods of time 
specified in paragraphs (1) and (2) of this subsection, consider-
ation will be given to such additional funding for these pro-
grams as may be necessary. 
(i) RONGELAP.—(1) Because Rongelap weis directly affected by 
fallout from a 1954 United States thermonuclear test and because 
the Rongelap people remain unconvinced that it is safe to continue 
to live on Rongelap Island, it is the intent of Congress to take such 
steps (if any) as may be necessary to overcome the effects of such 
fallout on the habitability of Rongelap Island, and to restore 
Rongelap Island, if necessary, so that it can be safely inhabited. 
Accordingly, it is the expectation of the Congress that the (Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands shall use such portion of the funds 
specified in Article II, section 1(e) of the subsidiary agreement for 
the implementation of section 177 of the Compact as are necessary Post, p. 1812. 
for the purpose of contracting with a qualified scientist or group of 
scientists to review the data collected by the Department of Energy 
relating to radiation levels and other conditions on Rongelap Island 
resulting from the thermonuclear test. It is the expectation of the 
Congress that the Grovernment of the Marshall Islands, after con-
sultation with the people of Rongelap, shall select the party to 
review such data, and shall contract for such review and for submis-
sion of a report to the President of the United States and the 
Congress as to the results thereof. 
(2) The purpose of the review referred to in paragraph (1) of this 
subsection shall be to establish whether the data cited in support of 
the conclusions as to the habitability of Rongelap Island, as set forth 
in the Department of Energy report entitled: "The Meaning of 
Radiation for Those Atolls in the Northern Part of the Marshall 
Islands That Were Surveyed in 1978", dated November 1982, are 
Hazardous 
materials. 
Contracts. 
Report. 
Report. 
51-194 O -
22 
QL. 3 
Part 2 
99 STAT. 1784 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Hazardous 
materials. 
Ante, p. 1781. 
91 Stat. 1159. 
94 Stat. 84. 
Hazardous 
materials. 
Post, p. 1812. 
adequate and whether such conclusions are fully supported by the 
data. If the party reviewing the data concludes that such conclusions 
as to habitability are fully supported by adequate data, the report to 
the President of the United States and the Congress shall so state. If 
the party reviewing the data concludes that the data are inadequate 
to support such conclusions as to habitability or that such conclu-
sions as to habitability are not fully supported by the data, the 
Government of the Marshall Islands shall contract with an appro-
priate scientist or group of scientists to undertake a complete survey 
of radiation and other effects of the nuclear testing program relat-
ing to the habitability of Rongelap Island. Such sums as are nec-
essary for such survey and report concerning the results thereof and 
as to steps needed to restore the habitability of Rongelap Island are 
authorized to be made available to the Government of the Marshall 
Islands. 
(3) It is the intent of Congress that such steps (if any) as are 
necessary to restore the habitability of Rongelap Island and return 
the Rongelap people to their homeland will be taken by the United 
States in consultation with the Grovemment of the Marshall Islands 
and, in accordance with its authority under the Constitution of the 
Marshall Islands, the Rongelap local government council. 
0) FOUR ATOLL HEALTH CARE PROGRAM.—(1) Services provided by 
the United States Public Health Service or any other United Stat^ 
agency pursusmt to section 1(a) of Article II of the Agreement for the 
Implementation of Section 177 of the Compact (hereafter in this 
subsection referred to as the "Section 177 Agreement") shall be only 
for services to the people of the Atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, 
Rongelap, and Utrik who were affected by the consequences of the 
United States nuclear testing program, pursuant to the program 
described in Public Law 95-134 and Public Law 96-205 and their 
descendants (and any other persons identified as having been so 
affected if such identification occurs in the manner described in 
such public laws). Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as 
prejudicial to the views or policies of the Government of the Mar-
shall Islands as to the persons affected by the consequences of the 
United States nuclear testing program. 
(2) At the end of the first year after the effective date of the 
(Compact and at the end of each year thereafter, the providing 
agency or agencies shall return to the Government of the Marshall 
Islands any unexpended funds to be returned to the Fund Manager 
(as described in Article I of the Section 177 Agreement) to be covered 
mto the Fund to be available for future use. 
(3) The Fund Manager shall retain the funds returned by the 
Government of the Marshall Islands pursuant to paragraph (2) of 
this subsection, shall invest and manage such funds, and at the end 
of 15 years after the effective date of the Compact, shall make from 
the total amount so retained and the proceeds thereof annual 
disbursements sufficient to continue to make payments for the 
provision of health services as specified in paragraph (1) of this 
subsection to such extent as may be provided in contracts between 
the Grovemment of the Marshall Islands and appropriate United 
States providers of such health services. 
(k) ENJEBI COMMUNITY TRUST FUND.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, the Secretary of the Treasury shall ^tablish on the 
books of the Treasury of the United States a fund having the status 
specified in Article V of the subsidiary agreement for the im-
plementation of Section 177 of the Compact, to be known as the 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1785 
"Enjebi Community Trust Fund" (hereafter in this subsection re-
ferred to as the "Fund"), and shall credit to the Fund the amount of 
$7,500,000. Such amount, which shall be ex gratia, shall be in 
addition to and not charged against any other funds provided for in 
the Compact and its subsidiary agreements, this joint resolution, or 
any other Act. Upon receipt by the President of the United States of 
the agreement described in this subsection, the Secretary of the 
Treasury, upon request of the Government of the Marshall Islands, 
shall transfer the Fund to the Government of the Marshall Islands, 
provided that the Government of the Marshall Islands agrees as 
follows: 
(1) ENJEBI TRUST AGREEMENT.—The Government of the Mar-
shall Islands and the Enewetak Local Government Council, in 
consultation with the people of Enjebi, shall provide for the 
creation of the Enjebi Community Trust Fund and the employ-
ment of the manager of the Enewetak Fund established pursu-
ant to the Section 177 Agreement as trustee and manager of the 
Ante, p. 1781. 
Enjebi Community Trust Fund, or, should the manager of the 
Enewetak Fund not be acceptable to the people of Enjebi, 
another United States investment manager with substantial 
experience in the administration of trusts and with funds under 
management in excess of 250 million dollars. 
(2) MONITOR CONDITIONS.—Upon the request of the Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands, the United States shall monitor 
the radiation and other conditions on Enjebi and within one 
year of receiving such a request shall report to the Government 
of the Marshall Islands when the people of Enjebi may resettle 
Eiyebi under circumstances where the radioactive contamina-
tion at Enjebi, including contamination derived from consump-
tion of locally grown food products, can be reduced or otherwise 
controlled to meet whole body Federal radiation protection 
standards for the general population, including mean annual 
dose and mean 30-year cumulative dose standards. 
(3) RESETTLEMENT OF ENJEBI.—In the event that the United 
States determines that the people of Enjebi can within 25 years 
of the date of the enactment of this joint resolution resettle 
Enjebi under the conditions set forth in paragraph (2) of this 
subsection, then upon such determination there shall be avail-
able to the people of Enjebi from the Fund such amounts as are 
necessary for the people of Enjebi to do the following, in accord-
ance with a plan developed by the Enewetak Local Government 
Council and the people of Enjebi, and concurred with by the 
Government of the Marshall Islands to assure consistency with 
the government's overall economic development plan: 
(A) Establish a community on Enjebi Island for the use of 
the people of Enjebi. 
(B) Replant Enjebi with appropriate food-bearing and 
other vegetation. 
(4) RESETTLEMENT OF OTHER LOCATION.—In the event that the 
United States determines that within 25 years of the date of the 
enactment of this joint resolution the people of Enjebi cannot 
resettle Enjebi without exceeding the radiation standards set 
forth in paragraph (2) of this subsection, then the fund manager 
shall be directed by the trust instrument to distribute the Fund 
to the people of Enjebi for their resettlement at some other 
location in accordance with a plan, developed by the Enewetak 
Local Government Council and the people of Eivjebi and con-
99 STAT. 1786 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
curred with by the Government of the Marshall Islands, to 
assure consistency with the government's overall economic 
development plan. 
(5) INTEREST FROM FUND.—Prior to and during the distribution 
of the corpus of the Fund pursuant to paragraphs (3) and (4) of 
this subsection, the people of Enjebi may, if they so request, 
receive the interest earned by the Fund on no less frequent a 
basis than quarterly. 
(6) DISCLAIMER OF UABILITY.—Neither under the laws of the 
Marshall Islands nor under the laws of the United States, shall 
the Government of the United States be liable for any loss or 
damage to person or property in respect to the resettlement of 
Enjebi by the people of Enjebi, pursuant to the provision of this 
subsection or otherwise. 
(1) BIKINI ATOLL CLEANUP.— 
(1) DECLARATION OF POLICY.—The Congress hereby determines 
and declares that it is the policy of the United States, to be 
supported by the full faith and credit of the United States, that 
because the United States, through its nuclear testing and other 
activities, rendered Bikini Atoll unsafe for habitation by the 
people of Bikini, the United States will fulfill its responsibility 
for restoring Bikini Atoll to habitability, as set forth in para-
graphs (2) and (3) of this subsection. 
(2) CLEANUP FUNDS.—There are hereby authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as are necessary to implement the 
settlement agreement of March 15, 1985, in The People of 
Bikini, et al. against United States of America, et al., Civ. No. 
84-0425 (D. Ha.). 
(3) CONDITIONS OF FUNDING.—The funds referred to in para-
graph (2) shall be made available pursuant to Article VI, Sec-
Ante, p. 1781. 
tion 1 of the Compact Section 177 Agreement upon completion 
of the events set forth in the settlement agreement referred to 
in paragraph (2) of this subsection. 
(m) AGREEMENT ON AUDITS.—In accordance with section 233 of the 
Post, p. 1819. 
Compact, the President of the United States, in consultation with 
the Comptroller General of the United States, shall negotiate with 
the Government of the Marshall Islands an agreement which shall 
provide as follows: 
(1) GENERAL AUTHORITY OF THE GAO TO AUDIT.— 
(A) The Comptroller General of the United States (and 
his duly authorized representatives) shall have the author-
ity to audit— 
(i) all grants, program assistance, and other assist-
ance provided to the Government of the Marshall 
Islands under Articles I and II of Title Two of the 
Compact; and 
(ii) any other assistance provided by the Government 
of the United States to the Government of the Marshall 
Islands. 
Such authority shall include authority for the Comptroller 
General to conduct or cause to be conducted any of the 
audits provided for in section 233 of the Compact. The 
authority provided in this paragraph shall continue for at 
least three years after the last such grant has been made or 
assistance has been provided. 
(B) The Comptroller General (and his duly authorized 
representatives) shall also have authority to review any 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1787 
audit conducted by or on behalf of the Government of the 
United States. In this connection, the Comptroller General 
shall have access to such personnel and to such records, 
documents, working papers, automated data and files, and 
other information relevant to such review. 
(2) G A G ACCESS TO RECORDS.— 
(A) In carrying out paragraph (1), the Comptroller Gen-
eral (and his duly authorized representatives) shall have 
such access to the personnel and (without cost) to records, 
documents, working papers, automated data and files, and 
other information relevant to such audits. The Comptroller 
General may duplicate any such records, documents, work-
ing papers, automated data and files, or other information 
relevant to such audits. 
(B) Such records, documents, working papers, automated 
data and files, and other information regarding each such 
grant or other assistance shall be maintained for at least 
three years after the date such grant or assistance was 
provided and in a manner that permits such grants, assist-
ance, and payments to be accounted for distinct from any 
other funds of the Government of the Marshall Islands. 
(3) REPRESENTATIVE STATUS FOR GAO REPRESENTATIVES.—The 
Comptroller General and his duly authorized representatives 
shall be accorded the status set forth in Article V of Title One of 
the Compact. 
(4) ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENTS.—As part of the annual 
report submitted by the Government of the Marshall Islands 
under section 211 of the Compact, the Government shall include 
Post, p. 1813. 
annual financial statements which account for the use of all of 
the funds provided by the Government of the United States to 
the Government under the Compact or otherwise. Such finan-
cial statements shall be prepared in accordance with generally 
accepted accounting procedures, except as may otherwise be 
mutually agreed. Not later than 180 days after the end of the 
United States fiscal year with respect to which such funds were 
provided, each such statement shall be submitted to the Presi-
dent for audit and transmission to the Congress. 
(5) DEFINITION OF AUDITS.—As used in this subsection, the 
term "audits" includes financial, program, and management 
audits, including determining— 
(A) whether the Government of the Marshall Islands has 
met the requirements set forth in the Compact, or any 
related agreement entered into under the Compact, regard-
ing the purposes for which such grants and other assistance 
are to be used; and 
(B) the propriety of the financial transactions of the 
Government of the Marshall Islands pursuant to such 
grants or assistance. 
(6) COOPERATION BY MARSHALL ISLANDS.—The Government of 
the Marshall Islands will cooperate fully with the Comptroller 
General of the United States in the conduct of such audits as 
the Comptroller General determines necessary to enable the 
Comptroller General to fully discharge his responsibilities 
under this joint resolution. 
99 STAT. 1788 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
22 u s e 2151n, 
2304. 
48 u s e 1681 
SEC. 104. INTERPRETATION OF AND UNITED STATES POLICY REGARDING 
note. 
COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION. 
Report. 
(a) HUMAN RIGHTS.—In approving the Compact, the Congress 
notes the conclusion in the Statement of Intent of the Report of The 
Future Political Status Commission of the Congress of Micronesia in 
July, 1969, that "our recommendation of a free associated state is 
indissolubly linked to our desire for such a democratic, representa-
tive, constitutional government" and notes that such desire and 
intention are reaffirmed and embodied in the Constitutions of the 
Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands. The Con-
gress also notes and specifically endorses the preamble to the Com-
pact, which affirms that the governments of the parties to the 
Compact are founded upon respect for human rights and fundamen-
tal freedoms for all. The Secretary of State shall include in the 
annual reports on the status of internationally recognized human 
rights in foreign countries, which are submitted to the Congress 
pursuant to sections 116 and 502B of the Foreign Assistance Act of 
1961, a full and complete report regarding the status of internation-
ally recognized human rights in the Federated States of Micronesia 
and the Marshall Islands. 
(b) IMMIGRATION.—The rights of a bona fide naturalized citizen of 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia to enter 
the United States, to lawfully engage therein in occupations, and to 
establish residence therein as a non-immigrant, pursuant to the 
Post, p. 1804. 
provisions of section 141(aX3) of the Compact, shall not extend to 
any such naturalized citizen with respect to whom circumstances 
associated with the acquisition of the status of a naturalized citizen 
are such as to allow a reasonable inference, on the part of appro-
priate officials of the United States and subject to United States 
procedural requirements, that such naturalized status was acquired 
primarily in order to obtain such rights. 
(c) NoNALiENATiON OF LANDS.—The Congrcss endorses and 
encourages the maintenance of the policies of the Government of 
the Federated States of Micronesia and the Government of the 
Marshall Islands to regulate, in accordance with their Constitutions 
and laws, the alienation of permanent and long-term interests in 
real property so as to restrict the acquisition of such interests to 
persons of Federated States of Micronesia citizenship and Marshall 
Islands citizenship, respectively. 
(d) NUCLEAR WASTE DISPOSAL.—In approving the Compact, the 
Congress understands that the Government of the Federated States 
of Micronesia and the Government of the Marshall Islands will not 
permit any other government or any nongovernmental party to 
conduct, in the Marshall Islands or in the Federated States of 
Micronesia, any of the activities specified in subsection (a) of section 
Post, p. 1823. 
314 of the Compact. 
(e) IMPACT OF COMPACT ON U.S. AREAS.— 
(1) STATEMENT OF CONGRESSIONAL INTENT.—In approving the 
Compact, it is not the intent of the Congress to cause any 
adverse consequences for the United States territories and 
commonwealths or the State of Hawaii. 
(2) ANNUAL REPORTS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.—One year after 
the date of enactment of this joint resolution and at one year 
President of U.S. 
intervals thereafter, the President shall report to the Congress 
with respect to the impact of the Compact on the United States 
territories and commonwealths and on the State of Hawaii. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1789 
Reports submitted pursuant to this paragraph (hereafter in this 
subsection referred to as "reports") shall identify any adverse 
consequences resulting from the Compact and shall make rec-
ommendations for corrective action to eliminate those con-
sequences. The reports shall pay particular attention to matters 
relating to trade, taxation, immigration, labor laws, minimum 
wages, social systems and infrastructure, and environmental 
regulation. With regard to immigration, the reports shall in-
clude statistics concerning the number of persons availing 
themselves of the rights described in section 141(a) of the Com-
pact during the year covered by each report. With regard to 
trade, the reports shall include an analysis of the impact on the 
economy of American Samoa resulting from imports of canned 
tuna into the United States from the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia and the Marshall Islands. 
(3) OTHER VIEWS.—In preparing the reports, the President 
shall request the views of the Government of the State of 
Hawaii, and the governments of each of the United States 
territories and commonwealths, the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau, and shall transmit 
the full text of any such views to the Congress as part of such 
reports. 
(4) COMMITMENT OF CONGRESS TO REDRESS ADVERSE CON-
SEQUENCES.—The Congress hereby declares that, if any adverse 
consequences to United States territories and commonwealths 
or the State of Hawaii result from implementation of the Com-
pact of Free Association, the Congress will act sympathetically 
and expeditiously to redress those adverse consequences. 
(5) DEFINITION OF U.S. TERRITORIES AND COMMONWEALTHS.—As 
used in this subsection, the term "United States territories and 
commonwealths" means the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the 
Virgin Islemds, Guam, American Samoa, and the Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. 
(6) IMPACT COSTS.—There are hereby authorized to be appro-
priated for fiscal years beginning after September 30,1985, such 
sums as may be necessary to cover the costs, if any, incurred by 
the State of Hawaii, the territories of Guam and American 
Samoa, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Is-
lands resulting from any increased demands placed on edu-
cational and social services by immigrants from the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(f) FISHERIES MANAGEMENT.—In clarification of Title One, Article 
II, section 121(bXl) of the Compact: 
(1) Nothing in the Compact or this joint resolution shall be 
interpreted as recognition by the United States of any claim by 
the Federated States of Micronesia or by the Marshall Islands to 
jurisdiction or authority over highly migratory species of fish 
during the time such species of fish are found outside the 
territorial sea of the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
Marshall Islands. 
(2) It is the understanding of Congress that none of the monies 
made available pursuant to the Compact or this joint resolution 
will be used by either the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
Marshall Islands for enforcement actions against any vessel of 
the United States on the basis of fishing by any such vessel for 
highly migratory species of fish outside the territorial sea of the 
Imports. 
Tuna fish. 
Post, p. 1804. 
President of U.S. 
Report. 
Post, p. 1801. 
Vessels. 
99 STAT. 1790 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands, respec-
tively, in the absence of a licensing agreement. 
(3) Appropriate United States officials shall apply the policies 
and provisions of the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and 
Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1801 et seq.) and the Fishermen's 
Protective Act of 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1971 et seq.) with regard to any 
action taken by the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
Marshall Islands affecting any vessel of the United States en-
gaged in fishing for highly migratory species of fish in waters 
outside the territorial seas of the Federated States of Micronesia 
or the Marshall Islands, respectively. For the purpose of apply-
ing the provisions of section 5 of the Fishermen's Protective Act 
of 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1975), monies made available to either the 
Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands pursu-
ant to the provisions of the Compact or this joint resolution 
shall be treated as "assistance to the government of such coun-
22 use 2151 
try under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961". For purposes of 
"ote. 
this Act only, certification by the President in accordance with 
such section 5 shall be accompanied by a report to Congress on 
the basis for such certification, and such certification shall have 
no effect if by law Congress so directs prior to the expiration of 
60 days during which Congress is in continuous session follow-
ing the date of such certification. 
(4) For the purpose of paragraphs (1) and (3) of this 
subsection— 
(A) The term "vessel of the United States" has the same 
meaning as provided in the first section of the Fishermen's 
Protective Act of 1967 (22 U.S.C. 1971). 
(B) The terms "fishing" and "highly migratory species" 
have the same meanings as provided in paragraphs (10) and 
(14), respectively, of section 3 of the Magnuson Fishery 
Conservation and Management Act (16 U.S.C. 1802(10) and 
(14)). 
(5XA) It is the policy of the United States of America— 
(i) to negotiate and conclude with the governments of the 
Central, Western, and South Pacific Ocean, including the 
Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands, a 
regional licensing agreement setting forth agreed terms of 
access for United States tuna vessels fishing in the region; 
and 
(ii) that such an agreement should overcome existing 
jurisdictional differences and provide for a mutually bene-
ficial relationship between the United States and the Pa-
cific Island States that will promote the development of the 
tuna and other latent fisheries resources of the Central, 
Western, and South Pacific Ocean and the economic devel-
opment of the region. 
(B) At such time as an agreement referred to in subparagraph 
(A) is submitted to the Senate for advice and consent to ratifi-
cation, the Secretary of State, after consultation with the 
Secretary of Commerce and other interested agencies and con-
cerned governments, shall submit to the Congress a proposed 
long term regional fisheries development program which may 
include, but not be limited to— 
(i) exploration for, and stock assessment of, tuna and 
other fish; 
(ii) improvement of harvesting techniques; 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1791 
(iii) gear development; 
(iv) biological resource monitoring; 
(v) education and training in the field of fisheries; and 
(vi) regional and direct bilateral assistance in the field of 
fisheries, 
(g) FOREIGN LOANS.—The Congress hereby reaffirms the United 
States position that the United States Government is not respon-
sible for foreign loans or debt obtained by the Governments of the 
Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands. 
SEC. 105. SUPPLEMENTAL PROVISIONS. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) DOMESTIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—Except as may otherwise 
be provided in this joint resolution, all United States Federal pro-
grams and services extended to or operated in the Federated States 
of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands are and shall remain subject 
to all applicable criteria, standards, reporting requirements, audit-
ing procedures, and other rules and regulations applicable to such 
programs when operating in the United States (including its terri-
tories and commonwealths). 
(b) RELATIONS WITH THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA AND 
THE MARSHALL ISLANDS.— 
(1) The United States representatives to the Federated States 
of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands pursu-
ant to Article V of title I of the Compact shall be appointed by 
the President with the advice and consent of the Senate, and 
shall be under the supervision of the Secretary of State, who 
shall have responsibility for government to government rela-
tions between the United States and the Government with 
respect to whom they are appointed, consistent with the author-
ity of the Secretary of the Interior as set forth in this section. 
(2) Appropriations made pursuant to the Compact or any 
other provision of this joint resolution may be made only to the 
Secretary of the Interior, who shall coordinate and monitor any 
program or activity provided to the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia or the Republic of the Marshall Islands by departments 
and agencies of the Government of the United States and 
related economic development planning pursuant to the Com-
pact or pursuant to any other authorization except for the 
provisions of sections 161(e), 313, and 351 of the Compact and 
Post, pp. 1807, 
the authorization of the President to agree to an effective date 
^^^2' ^^^^ 
pursuant to this resolution. Funds appropriated to the Sec-
retary of the Interior pursuant to this paragraph shall not be 
allocated to other Departments or agencies. 
(3) All programs and services provided to the Federated States 
of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands by 
Federgd agencies may be provided only after consultation with 
and under the supervision of the Secretary of the Interior, and 
the head of each Federal agency is directed to cooperate with 
the Secretary of the Interior and to make such personnel and 
services available as the Secretary of the Interior may request. 
(4) Any United States Government personnel assigned, on a 
temporary or permanent basis, to either the Federated States of 
Micronesia or the Marshall Islands shall, during the period of 
such assignment, be subject to the supervision of the United 
States representative to that area. 
(5) The President is hereby authorized to appoint an Inter- 
President of U.S. 
agency Group on Freely Associated States' Affairs to provide 
99 STAT. 1792 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
policy guidance to federal departments and agencies. Such 
interagency group shall include the Secretary of the Interior 
and the Secretary of State. 
(c) 
CONTINUING 
TRUST 
TERRITORY 
AUTHORIZATION.—The 
48 use 1681 
authorization provided by the Act of June 30, 1954, as amended (68 
"ote. 
Stat, 330) shall remain available after the effective date of the 
Compact with respect to the Federated States of Micronesia and the 
Marshall Islands for the following purposes: 
(1) Prior to October 1,1986, for any purpose authorized by the 
Compact or this joint resolution. 
(2) Transition purposes, including but not limited to, comple-
tion of projects and fulfillment of commitments or obligations; 
termination of the Trust Territory Government and termi-
nation of the High Court; health and education as a result of 
exceptional circumstances; ex gratia contributions for the popu-
lations of Bikini, Enewetak, Rongelap, and Utrik; and technical 
assistance and training in financial management, program 
administration, and maintenance of infrastructure. 
(d) MEDICAL REFERRAL DEBTS.— 
(1) FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA.—In addition to the 
funds provided in Title Two, Article II, section 221(b) of the 
Post, p. 1816. 
Compact, following approval of the Compact with respect to the 
Federated States of Micronesia, the United States shall make 
available to the Government of the Federated States of Microne-
sia such sums as may be necessary for the payment of the 
obligations incurred for the use of medical facilities in the 
United States, including any territories and commonwealths, by 
citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia before Septem-
ber 1,1985. 
(2) MARSHALL ISLANDS.—In addition to the funds provided in 
Title Two, Article II, section 221(b) of the Compact, following 
approval of the Compact with respect to the Marshall Islands, 
the United States shall make available to the Government of 
the Marshall Islands such sums as may be necessary for the 
payment of the obligations incurred for the use of medical 
facilities in the United States, its territories and common-
wealths by citizens of the Marshall Islands before September 1, 
1985. 
President of U.S. 
(3) UsE OF FUNDS.—In making funds available pursuant to 
this subsection, the President shall take such actions as he 
deems necessary to assure that the funds are used only for the 
payment of the medical expenses described in paragraph (1) or 
(2) of this subsection, as the case may be. 
(4) AUTHORIZATION or APPROPRIATIONS.—There are hereby 
authorized to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary 
for the purposes of this subsection. 
(e) SuRViVABiUTY.—In furtherance of the provisions of Title Four, 
Post, p. 1830. 
Article V, sections 452 and 453 of the Compact, any provisions of the 
Compact which remain effective after the termination of the Com-
pact by the act of any party thereto and which are affected in any 
manner by provisions of this title shall remain subject to such 
provisions. 
(f) REGISTRATION FOR AGENTS OF MICRONESIAN GOVERNMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding the provisions of Title One, 
Post, p. 1807. 
Article V, section 153 of the Compact, after approval of the 
Compact any citizen of the United States who, without author-
ity of the United States, acts as the agent of the Government of 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1793 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia with 
regard to matters specified in the provisions of the Foreign 
Agents Registration Act of 1938, as amended (22 U.S.C. 611 et 
seq.) that apply with respect to an agent of a foreign principal 
shall be subject to the requirements of such Act. Failure to 
comply with such requirements shall subject such citizen to the 
same penalties and provisions of law as apply in the case of the 
failure of such an agent of a foreign principal to comply with 
such requirements. For purposes of the Foreign Agents Reg-
istration Act of 1938, the Federated States of Micronesia and 
the Marshall Islands shall be considered to be foreign countries. 
(2) EXCEPTION.—Paragraph (1) of this subsection shall not 
apply to a citizen of the United States employed by either the 
Government of the Marshall Islands or the Government of the 
Federated States of Micronesia with respect to whom the 
emplo3dng Grovemment from time to time certifies to the 
Government of the United States that such citizen is an em-
ployee of the Grovernment of the Marshall Islands or the 
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia (as the case 
may be) whose principal duties are other than those matters 
specified in the Foreign Agents Registration Act of 1938, as 
amended, that apply with respect to an agent of a foreign 
principal. The agency or officer of the United States receiving 
such certifications shall cause them to be filed with the Attor-
ney General, who shall maintain a publicly available list of the 
persons so certified. 
(3) RESIDENT REPRESENTATIVE EXEMPTION.—Nothing in this 
subsection shall be construed as amending Section 152(b) of the 
Compact. 
Post, p. 1806. 
(g) NONCOMPUANCE SANCTIONS.— 
(1) AUTHORITY OF PRESIDENT.—The President of the United 
President of U.S. 
States shall have no authority to suspend or withhold payments 
or assistance with respect to— 
(A) section 177, 213, 216(aX2), 216(aX3), 221(b), or 223 of 
the Compact, or 
Post, pp. 1812, 
(B) any agreements made pursuant to such sections of the 
1814-1817. 
Compact, 
unless such suspension or withholding is imposed as a sanction 
due to noncompliance by the Government of the Federated 
States of Micronesia or the Government of the Marshall Islands 
(as the case may be) with the obligations and requirements of 
such sections of the (Dompact or such agreements. 
(2) ACTIONS INCOMPATIBLE WITH UNITED STATES AUTHORITY.— 
The CJongress expresses its understanding that the Govern-
ments of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall 
Islands will not act in a manner incompatible with the author-
ity and responsibility of the United States for security and 
defense matters in or related to the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia or the Marshall Islands pursuant to the (Compact, 
including the agreements referred to in sections 462(j) and 
462(k) thereof. The CJongress further expresses its intention that Post, p. 1833. 
any such act on the part of either such Government will be 
viewed by the United States as a material breach of the C!om-
pact. The Government of the United States reserves the right in 
the event of such a material breach of the (Dompact by the 
Government of the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
Government of the Marshall Islands to take action, including 
99 STAT. 1794 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
(but not limited to) the suspension in whole or in part of the 
obligations of the Government of the United States to that 
Government, 
(h) CONTINUING PROGRAMS AND LAWS.— 
(1) 
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA AND MARSHALL IS-
LANDS.—In addition to the programs and services set forth in 
Post, p. 1816. 
section 221 of the Compact, and pursuant to section 224 of the 
Post, p. 1817. 
Compact, the programs and services of the following agencies 
shall be made available to the Federated States of Micronesia 
and to the Marshall Islands: 
(A) the Legal Services Corporation; 
(B) the Public Health Service; and 
(C) the Farmers Home Administration (in the Marshall 
Islands and each of the four States of the Federated States 
of Micronesia: Provided, that in lieu of continuation of the 
program in the Federated States of Micronesia, the Presi-
dent may agree to transfer to the Government of the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia without cost, the portfolio of the 
Farmers Home Loan Administration applicable to the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia and provide such technical 
£issistance in management of the portfolio as may be re-
quested by the Federated States of Micronesia). 
(2) PALAU.—Upon the effective date of the Compact, the laws 
of the United States generally applicable to the Trust Territory 
of the Pacific Islands shall continue to apply to the Republic of 
Palau and the Republic of Palau shall be eligible for such 
proportion of Federal assistance as it would otherwise have 
been eligible to receive under such laws prior to the effective 
date of the CJompact, as provided in appropriation Acts or other 
Acts of CJongress. 
(3) SECTION 219 DETERMINATION.—The determination by the 
Government of the United States under section 219 of the 
Post, p. 1816. 
C!ompact shall be as provided in appropriation Acts. 
(4) TORT CLAIMS.—(A) At such time as the Trusteeship Agree-
ment ceases to apply to either the Federated States of Microne-
sia or the Marshall Islands, the provisions of Section 178 of the 
Post, p. 1813. 
Compact regarding settlement and payment of tort claims shall 
apply to employees of any federal agency of the Government of 
the United States which provides any service or carries out any 
other function pursuant to or in furtherance of any provisions 
of the Compact or this Act, except for provisions of Title Three 
of the Compact and of the subsidiary agreements related to such 
Title, in such area to which such Agreement formerly applied. 
For purposes of this subparagraph (B), persons providing such 
service or carrying out such function pursuant to a contract 
with a federal agency shall be deemed to be an employee of the 
contracting federsd agency. 
(B) For purposes of the Federal Tort Claims Act (28 U.S.C. 
2671 et seq.), persons providing services to the people of the 
atolls of Bikini, Enewetak, Rongelap, and Utrik as described in 
91 Stat. 1159; 94 
Public Law 95-134 and Public Law 96-205 pursuant to a con-
stat. 84. 
tract with a Department or agency of the federal government 
shall be deemed to be an employee of the contracting Depart-
ment or agency working in the United States. This subpara-
graph (B) shall expire when the Trusteeship Agreement is 
terminated with respect to the Marshall Islands, 
(i) (ALLEGE OF MICRONESIA; EDUCATION PROGRAMS.— 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1795 
(1) COLLEGE OF MICRONESIA.—Notwithstanding any other 
provision of law, all funds which as of the date of the enactment 
of this joint resolution were appropriated for the use of the 
College of Micronesia System shall remain available for use by 
such college until expended. Until otherwise provided by Act of 
Congress, or until termination of the Compact, such college 
shall retain its status as a land-gr£uit institution and its eligi-
bility for all benefits and programs available to such land-grant 
institutions. 
(2) FEDERAL EDUCATION PROGRAMS.—Pursuant to section 224 of 
the Compact and upon the request of the affected Government, 
Post, p. 1817. 
any Federal program providing financial eissistance for edu-
cation which, as of January 1, 1985, was providing financial 
assistance for education to the Federated States of Micronesia 
or the Marshall Islands or to any institution, agency, organiza-
tion, or permanent resident thereof, including the College of 
Micronesia System, shall continue to provide such assistance to 
such institutions, agencies, organizations, and residents as 
follows: 
(A) For the fiscal year in which the Compact becomes 
effective, not to exceed $13,000,000; 
(B) For the fiscal year beginning after the end of the fiscal 
year in which the Compact becomes effective, not to exceed 
$8,700,000; and 
(C) For the fiscal year immediately following the fiscal 
year described in subparagraph 
(B), not to exceed 
$4,300,000. 
(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are hereby au-
thorized to be appropriated such sums as are necessary for 
purposes of this subsection. 
0') TRUST TERRITORY DEBTS TO U.S. FEDERAL AGENCIES.—Neither 
the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia nor the 
Government of the Marshall Islands shall be required to pay to any 
department, agency, independent agency, office, or instrumentality 
of the United States any amounts owed to such department, agency, 
independent agency, office, or instrumentality by the Government 
of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands as of the effective date of 
the Compact. There is authorized to be appropriated such sums as 
may be necessary to carry out the purposes of this subsection. 
(k) USE OF D O D MEDICAL FACIUTIES.—Following approval of the 
Health and 
Compact, the Secretary of Defense shall make available the medical 
medical care. 
facilities of the Department of Defense for use by citizens of the 
Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands who are 
properly referred to such facilities by government authorities 
responsible for provision of medical services in the Federated States 
of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands. The Secretary of Defense is 
hereby authorized to cooperate with such authorities in order to 
permit use of such medical facilities for persons properly referred by 
such authorities. The Secretary of He^th and Human Services is 
hereby authorized and directed to continue to make the services of 
the National Health Service Corps available to the residents of the 
Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands to the 
same extent and for so long as such services are authorized to be 
provided to persons residing in any other areas within or outside the 
United States. 
(1) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—Technical assistance may be provided 
pursuant to section 226 of the Compact by Federal agencies and 
Post, p. 1818. 
99 STAT. 1796 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Grants. 
Ante, pp. 1775, 
1778, 1791. 
Grants. 
Post, p. 1819. 
President of U.S. 
Report. 
Post, p. 1822. 
institutions of the Government of the United States to the extent 
such assistance may be provided to States, territories, or units of 
local government. Such assistance by the Forest Service, the Soil 
Conservation Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the National 
Marine Fisheries Service, the United States Coast Guard, and the 
Advisory Council on Historic Preservation, the Department of the 
Interior, and other agencies providing assistance under the National 
Historic Preservation Act (80 Stat. 915; 16 U.S.C. 470-470t), shall be 
on a nonreimbursable basis. During the period the Compact is in 
effect, the grant programs under the National Historic Preservation 
Act shall continue to apply to the Federated States of Micronesia 
and the Marshall Islands in the same manner and to the same 
extent as prior to the approval of the Compact. Funds provided 
pursuant to sections 102(a), 103(a), 103(c), 103(h), 103(i), 1030'), 103(1), 
105(c), 105(i), 105(j), 105(k), 105(1), 105(m), 105(n), and 105(o) of this 
joint resolution shall be in addition to and not charged against any 
amounts to be paid to either the Federated States of Micronesia or 
the Marshall Islands pursuant to the Compact or the subsidiary 
agreements. 
(m) PRIOR SERVICE BENEFITS PROGRAM.—Notwithstanding 
any 
other provision of law, persons who on January 1,1985, were eligible 
to receive payment under the Prior Service Benefits Program estab-
lished within the Social Security System of the Trust Territory of 
the Pacific Islands because of their services performed for the 
United States Navy or the Government of the Trust Territory of the 
Pacific Islands prior to July 1, 1968, shall continue to receive such 
payments on and after the effective date of the Compact. 
(n) INDEFINITE LAND USE PAYMENTS.—There are authorized to be 
appropriated such sums as may be necessary to complete repayment 
by the United States of any debts owed for the use of various lands 
in the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands 
prior to January 1,1985. 
(o) COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL PROGRAM.—There are 
au-
thorized to be appropriated for grants to the Government of the 
Federated States of Micronesia such sums as may be necessary for 
purposes of establishing or continuing programs for the control and 
prevention of communicable diseases, including (but not limited to) 
cholera and Hansen's Disease. The Secretary of the Interior shall 
assist the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia in 
designing and implementing such a program. 
(p) TRUST FUNDS.—The responsibilities of the United States with 
regard to implementation of section 235 of the Compact shall be 
discharged by the Secretary of the Interior, who shall consult with 
the Government of the Marshall Islands and the designated bene-
ficiaries of the funds held in trust by the High Commissioner of the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. 
(q) ANNUAL REPORTS ON DETERMINATIONS UNDER COMPACT SEC-
TION 313.—The President shall report annually to the (Dongress on 
determinations made by the United States in the exercise of its 
authority under section 313 of the (Dompact. Each such report shall 
describe the following, on a classified basis if necessary: 
(1) The actions that the Government of the Federated States 
of Micronesia or the Government of the Marshall Islands were 
required to refrain from pursuant to the determinations of the 
United States. 
(2) The justification for each determination by the United 
States, and the position of the other Government concerned 
with respect to such determination. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1797 
(3) The effect of the determination on the authority and 
responsibility of the other government to conduct foreign affairs 
in accordance with section 121 of the Compact. 
Post, p. 1801. 
(4) Any domestic effect in the Federated States of Micronesia 
or the Marshall Islands resulting from the determination, 
including any restriction on the civil and politiced rights of the 
citizens thereof. 
(r) USER FEES.—Any person in the Federated States of Micronesia 
or the Marshall Islands shall be liable for user fees, if any, for 
services provided in the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
Marshall Islands by the Government of the United States to the 
same extent as any person in the United States would be liable for 
fees, if any, for such services in the United States. 
SEC. 106. CONSTRUCTION CONTRACT ASSISTANCE. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) ASSISTANCE TO U.S. FIRMS.—In order to assist the Governments 
President of U.S. 
of the Federated States of Micronesia and of the Marshall Islands 
through private sector firms which may be awarded contracts for 
construction or major repair of capital infrastructure within the 
Federated States of Micronesia or the Republic of the Marshall 
Islands, the President shall consult with the Governments of the 
Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands with re-
spect to any such contracts, and the President shall enter into 
agreements with such firms whereby such firms will, consistent 
with applicable requirements of such Governments— 
(1) to the maximum extent possible, employ citizens of the 
Feiderated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands; 
(2) to the extent that necessary skills are not possessed by 
citizens of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall 
Islands, provide on the job training, with particular emphasis 
on the development of skills relating to operation of machinery 
and routine and preventative maintenance of machinery and 
other facilities; and 
(3) provide specific training or other assistance in order to 
enable the Government to engage in long-term maintenance of 
infrastructure. 
Assistance by such firms pursuant to this section may not exceed 20 
percent of the amount of the contract and shall be made available 
only to such firms which meet the definition of United States firm 
under the nationality rule for suppliers of services of the Agency for 
International Development (hereafter in this section referred to as 
"United States firms"). There are authorized to be appropriated 
such sums as may be necessary for the purposes of this subsection, 
flj) AUTHORIZATION.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
such sums as may be necessary to cover any additional costs in-
curred by the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia or 
the Republic of the Marshall Islands if such Governments, pursuant 
to an agreement entered into with the United States, apply a 
preference on the award of contracts to United States firms, pro-
vided that the amount of such preference does not exceed 10 percent 
of the amount of the lowest qualified bid from a non-United States 
firm for such contract. 
SEC. 107. LIMITATIONS. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) PROHIBITION.—The provisions of Chapter 11 of title 18, United 
is use 201 et 
States Code, shall apply in full to any individual who heis served as seq. 
the President's Personal Representative for Micronesian Status 
STAT. 1798 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
18 use 207. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
90 Stat. 263. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
Prohibitions. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
President of U.S. 
Ante, pp. 1775, 
1778. 
Negotiations or who is or was an officer or employee of the Office for 
Micronesian Status Negotiations or who is or was assigned or 
detailed to that Office or who served on the Micronesia Interagency 
Group, except that for the purposes of this section, clauses (i) and (ii) 
of section 207(b) of such title shall read as follows: "(i) having been so 
employed, within three years after his employment has ceased, 
knowingly acts as agent or attorney for, or otherwise represents, 
any other person (except the United States), in any formal or 
informal appearance before, or, with the intent to influence, makes 
any oral or written communication on behalf of any other person 
(except the United States) to, or (ii) having been so employed and as 
specified in subsection (d) of this section, within three years after his 
employment has ceased, knowingly represents or aids, counsels, 
advises, consults, or assists in representing any other person (except 
the United States) by personal presence at any formal or informal 
appearance before—". 
(b) TERMINATION.—Effective upon the date of the termination of 
the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands with respect to Palau, the 
Office for Micronesian Status Negotiations is abolished and no 
department, agency, or instrumentality of the United States shall 
thereafter contribute funds for the support of such Office. 
SEC. 108. TRANSITIONAL IMMIGRATION RULES. 
(a) CITIZEN OF NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS.—Any person who is a 
citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands, as that term is defined in 
section 24(b) of the Act of December 8, 1983 (97 Stat. 1465), is 
considered a citizen of the United States for purposes of entry into, 
permanent residence, and employment in the United States and its 
territories and possessions. 
(b) TERMINATION.—The provisions of this section shall cease to be 
effective when section 301 of the Covenant to Establish a Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the 
United States (Public Law 94-241) becomes effective pursuant to 
section 1003(c) of the Covenant. 
SEC. 109. TIMING. 
No payment may be made pursuant to the Compact nor under any 
provision of this joint resolution prior to October 1,1985. 
SEC. 110. IMPLEMENTATION OF AUDIT AGREEMENTS. 
(a) TRANSMISSION OF ANNUAL FINANCIAL STATEMENT.—Upon re-
ceipt of the annual financial statement described in sections 102(c)(4) 
and 103(mX4), the President shall promptly transmit a copy of such 
statement to the Congress. 
(b) ANNUAL AUDITS BY THE PRESIDENT.—(1) The President shall 
cause an annual audit to be conducted of the annual 
financial 
statements described in sections 102(cX4) and 103(m)(4). Such audit 
shall be conducted in accordance with the Generally Accepted 
Government Auditing Standards promulgated by the Comptroller 
General of the United States. Such audit shall be submitted to the 
Congress not later than 180 days after the end of the United States 
fiscal year. 
(2) The President shall develop and implement procedures to carry 
out such audits. Such procedures shall include the matters described 
in sections 102(cX2) and 103(mX2) of this title. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1799 
Post, pp. 1775, 
1778. 
48 u s e 1681 
note. 
Post, p. 1816. 
Post, p. 1817. 
29 u s e 1501 
note. 
(c) AUTHORITY OF GAO.—The Comptroller General of the United 
States shall have the authority to conduct the audits referred to in 
sections 102(cXl) and 103(mXl) of this title. 
SEC. 111. COMPENSATORY ADJUSTMENTS. 
(a) ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS AND SERVICES.—In addition to the pro-
grams and services set forth in Section 221 of the Compact, and 
pursuant to Section 224 of the Compact, the services and programs 
of the following U.S. agencies shall be made avEiilable to the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands: The Federal 
Deposit Insurance Corporation, Small Business Administration, Eco-
nomic Development Administration, the Rural 
Electrification 
Administration, Job Partnership Training Act, Job Corps, and the 
programs and services of the Department of Commerce relating to 
tourism and to marine resource development. 
(bXD INVESTMENT DEVELOPMENT FUNDS.—In order to further 
close economic and commercial relations between the United States 
and the Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islsuids, 
and in order to encourage the presence of the United States private 
sector in such areas, there are hereby created two Investment 
Development Funds, to be established and administered by the 
Federated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands respec-
tively in consultation with the United States as follows: 
(i) For the Investment Development Fund for the Federated 
States of Micronesia there is hereby authorized to be appro-
priated for fiscal 1986, $20 million, backed by the full faith and 
credit of the United States, of which $12 million shall be made 
available for obligation for the first full fiscal year after the 
effective date of the Compact, and of which $8 million shall be 
made available for obligation for the third full fiscal year after 
the effective date of the Compact. 
(ii) For the Investment Development Fund for the Marshall 
Islands there is hereby authorized to be appropriated $10 mil-
lion for fiscal 1986, backed by the full faith and credit of the 
United States, of which $6 million for the first full fiscal year 
after the effective date of the Compact, and of which $4 million 
shall be made available for obligation for the third full fiscal 
year after the effective date of the Compact. 
(2) The amounts specified in subsection (b) of this section shall be 
in addition to the sums and amounts specified in Articles I and III of 
Title Two of the Compact, and shall be deemed to be included in the 
sums and amounts referred to in section 236 of the Compact. 
(c) BOARD OF ADVISORS.—To provide policy guidance for the Funds 
established by subsection (b) of this section, the President is hereby 
authorized to establish a Board of Advisors, pursuant to appropriate 
agreements between the United States and the Federated States of 
Micronesia and the Marshall Islands. 
(d) FURTHER AMOUNTS.—The governments of the Federated States Report 
of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands may submit to Congress 
reports concerning the overall financial and economic impacts on 
such areas resulting from the effect of Title IV of this joint resolu-
tion upon Title Two of the Compact. There are hereby authorized to 
be appropriated for fiscal years beginning after September 30, 1990, 
such amounts as may be necessary, but not to exceed $40 million for 
the Federated States of Micronesia and $20 million for the Marshall 
Islands, as provided in appropriation acts, to further compensate the 
governments of such islands (in addition to the compensation pro-
pose, p. 1819. 
President of U.S. 
99 STAT. 1800 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
vided in subsections (a) and (b) of this section) for adverse impacts, if 
any, on the finances and economies of such areas resulting from the 
effect of Title IV of this joint resolution upon Title TVo of the 
Compact. At the end of the initial fifteen-year term of the Compact, 
should any portion of the total amount of funds authorized in this 
subsection not have been appropriated, such amount not yet appro-
priated may be appropriated, without regard to divisions between 
amounts authorized in this subsection for the Federated States of 
Micronesia and for the Marshall Islands, based on either or both 
such government's showing of such adverse impact, if any, as pro-
vided in this subsection. 
TITLE II—COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION 
48 use 1681 
SEC. 201. COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION. 
The Compact of Free Association is as follows: 
COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCIATION 
PREAMBLE 
THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND THE GOV-
ERNMENTS OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS AND THE FEDERATED STF'ES 
OF MICRONESIA 
Human rights. 
Affirming that their Governments and their relationships as 
Governments are founded upon respect for human rights and fun-
damental freedoms for all, and that the peoples of the Trust Terri-
tory of the Pacific Islands have the right to enjoy self-government; 
and 
Affirming the common interests of the United States of America 
and the peoples of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in 
creating close and mutually beneficial relationships through two 
free and voluntary associations of their respective Grovernments; 
and 
Affirming the interest of the Government of the United States in 
promoting the economic advancement and self-sufficiency of the 
peoples of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; and 
Recognizing that their previous relationship has been based upon 
the International Trusteeship System of the United Nations Char-
59 Stat. 1031. 
ter, and in particular Article 76 of the Charter; and that pursuant to 
Article 76 of the Charter, the peoples of the Trust Territory have 
progressively developed their institutions of self-government, and 
that in the exercise of their sovereign right to self-determination 
they have, through their freely-expressed wishes, adopted Constitu-
tions appropriate to their particular circumstances; and 
Recognizing their common desire to terminate the Trusteeship 
and establish two new government-to-govemment relationships 
each of which is in accordance with a new political status based or 
the freely-expressed wishes of peoples of the Trust Territory of the 
Pacific Islsmds and appropriate to their particular circumstances; 
and 
Recognizing that the peoples of the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands have and retain their sovereignty and their sovereign right 
to self-determination and the inherent right to adopt and amend 
their own Constitutions and forms of government and that the 
approval of the entry of their respective Governments into this 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1801 
Compact of Free Association by the peoples of the Trust Territory of 
the Pacific Islands constitutes an exercise of their sovereign right to 
self-determination; 
NOW, THEREFORE, AGREE to enter into relationships of free 
association which provide a full measure of self-government for the 
peoples of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia; and 
FURTHER AGREE that the relationships of free association 
derive from and are as set forth in this Compact; and that, during 
such relationships of free association, the respective rights and 
responsibilities of the Government of the United States and the 
Governments of the freely associated states of the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia in regard to these relation-
ships of free association derive from and are as set forth in this 
Compact. 
TITLE ONE 
GOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS 
Article I 
Self-Government 
Section 111 
The peoples of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia, acting through the Governments established under 
their respective Constitutions, are self-governing. 
Article II 
Foreign Affairs 
Section 121 
(a) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia have the capacity to conduct foreign affairs and 
shall do so in their own name and right, except as otherwise 
provided in this Compact. 
(b) The foreign affairs capacity of the Governments of the Mar-
shall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia includes: 
(1) the conduct of foreign affairs relating to law of the sea and 
marine resources matters, including the harvesting, conserva-
tion, exploration or exploitation of living and non-living re-
sources from the sea, seabed or subsoil to the full extent 
recognized under international law; 
(2) the conduct of their commercial, diplomatic, consular, 
economic, trade, banking, postal, civil aviation, communica-
tions, and cultural relations, including negotiations for the 
receipt of developmental loans and grants and the conclusion of 
arrangements with other governments and international and 
intergovernmental organizations, including any matters spe-
cially benefiting their individual citizens. 
(c) The Government of the United States recognizes that the international 
Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of agreements. 
Micronesia have the capacity to enter into, in their own name and 
right, treaties and other international agreements with govern-
ments and regional and international organizations. 
99 STAT. 1802 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
(d) In the conduct of their foreign affairs, the Governments of the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia confirm 
that they shall act in accordance with principles of internationsd 
law and shall settle their international disputes by peaceful means. 
Section 122 
The Government of the United States shall support applications 
by the Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia for membership or other participation in re-
gional or international organizations as may be mutually agreed. 
The Government of the United States agrees to accept for training 
and instruction at the Foreign Service Institute, established under 
22 U.S.C. 4021, citizens of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia. The qualifications of candidates for such train-
ing and instruction and all other terms and conditions of participa-
tion by citizens of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia in Foreign Service Institute programs shall be as mutu-
ally agreed between the Government of the United States and the 
Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia. 
Section 123 
(a) In recognition of the authority and responsibility of the 
Government of the United States under Title Three, the Grovem-
ments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Microne-
sia shall consult, in the conduct of their foreign affairs, with the 
Government of the United States. 
0)) In recognition of the respective foreign affairs capacities of the 
Grovernments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia, the Government of the United States, in the conduct of 
its foreign affairs, shall consult with the Government of the Mar-
shall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia on matters 
which the Government of the United States regards as relating to or 
affecting any such Grovernment. 
Section 124 
The Government of the United States may assist or act on behalf 
of the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States 
of Micronesia in the area of foreign affairs as may be requested and 
mutually agreed from time to time. The Grovernment of the United 
States shall not be responsible to third parties for the actions of the 
Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia undertaken with the assistance or through the agency of 
the Government of the United States pursuant to th& Section unless 
expressly agreed. 
Section 125 
The Grovernment of the United States shall not be responsible for 
nor obligated by any actions taken by the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia in the area 
of foreign affairs, except as may from time to time be expressly 
agreed. 
Section 126 
At the request of the Government of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia and subject to the consent of the 
receiving state, the Government of the United States shall extend 
consular assistance on the same basis £is for citizens of the United 
States to citizens of the Meu-shall Islands and the Federated States 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1803 
of Micronesia for travel outside the Marshall Islands and the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia, the United States and its territories and 
possessions. 
Section 127 
Except as otherwise provided in this Compact or its related agree-
ments, all obligations, responsibilities, rights and benefits of the 
Government of the United States as Administering Authority which 
have resulted from the application pursuant to the Trusteeship 
Agreement of any treaty or other international agreement to the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands on the day preceding the 
effective date of this Compact are no longer assumed and enjoyed by 
the Government of the United States. 
Article III 
Communications 
Section 131 
(a) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia have full authority and responsibility to regu-
late their respective domestic and foreign communications, and the 
Government of the United States shall provide communications 
assistance in accordance with the terms of a separate agreement 
which shall come into effect simultaneously with this Compact, and 
such agreement shall remain in effect until such time as any 
election is made pursuant to Section 131(b) and which shall provide 
for the following: 
(1) the Government of the United States remains the sole 
administration entitled to make 
notification to the Inter-
national Frequency Registration Board of the International 
Telecommunications Union of frequency assignments to radio 
communications stations respectively in the Marshall Isl£mds 
and the Federated States of Micronesia; and to submit to the 
International Frequency Registration Board seasonal schedules 
for the broadcasting stations respectively in the Marshall Is-
lands and the Federated States of Micronesia in the bands 
allocated exclusively to the broadcasting service between 5,950 
and 26,100 kHz and in any other additional frequency bands 
that may be allocated to use by high frequency broadcasting 
stations; and 
(2) the United States Federal Communications Commission 
has jurisdiction, pursuant to the Communications Act of 1934, 
47 U.S.C. 151 et seq., and the Communications Satellite Act of 
1962, 47 U.S.C. 721 et seq., over all domestic and foreign commu-
nications services furnished by means of satellite earth termi-
nal stations where such stations are owned or operated by 
United States common carriers and are located in the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(b) The Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia may elect at any time to undertake the func-
tions enumerated in Section 131(a) and previously performed by the 
Government of the United States. Upon such election, the Govern-
ment of the United States shall so notify the International Fre-
quency Registration Board and shall take such other actions as may 
be necessary to transfer to the electing Government the notification 
authority referred to in Section 131(a) and all rights deriving from 
99 STAT. 1804 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
the previous exercise of any such notification authority by the 
Government of the United States. 
Section 132 
The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall permit the Government of the United 
States to operate telecommunications services in the Marshall Is-
lands and the Federated States of Micronesia to the extent nec-
essary to fulfill the obligations of the Grovernment of the United 
States under this Compact in accordance with the terms of separate 
agreements which sh£dl come into effect simultaneously with this 
Compact. 
Article IV 
Immigration 
Section 141 
(a) Any person in the following categories may enter into, lawfully 
engage in occupations, and establish residence as a nonimmigrant in 
the United States and its territories and possessions without regard 
to paragraphs (14), (20), and (26) of section 212(a) of the Immigration 
and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. 1182(a) (14), (20), and (26): 
(1) a person who, on the day preceding the effective date of 
this Compact, is a citizen of the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands, as defined in Title 53 of the Trust Territory Code in 
force on January 1, 1979, and has become a citizen of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia; 
(2) a person who acquires the citizenship of the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia at birth, on or 
after the effective date of the respective Constitution; 
(3) a naturalized citizen of the Marshall Islands or the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia who has been an actual resident 
there for not less than five years after attaining such natu-
ralization and who holds a certificate of actual residence; or 
(4) a person entitled to citizenship in the Marshall Islands by 
lineal descent whose name is included in a list to be furnished 
by the Government of the Marshall Islands to the United States 
Immigration and Naturalization Service and any descendants of 
such persons, provided that such person holds a certificate of 
lineal descent issued by the Government of the Marshall 
Islands. 
Such persons shall be considered to have the permission of the 
Attorney General of the United States to accept employment in the 
United States. 
(b) The right of such persons to establish habitual residence in a 
territory or possession of the United States may, however, be sub-
jected to nondiscriminatory limitations provided for: 
(1) in statutes or regulations of the United States; or 
(2) in those statutes or regulations of the territory or posses-
sion concerned which are authorized by the laws of the United 
States. 
(c) Section 141(a) does not confer on a citizen of the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia the right to establish 
the residence necessary for naturalization under the Immigration 
and Nationality Act, or to petition for benefits for alien relatives 
under that Act. Section 141(a), however, shall not prevent a citizen 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1805 
of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia from 
otherwise acquiring such rights or lawful permanent resident alien 
status in the United States. 
Section 142 
(a) Any citizen or national of the United States may enter into, 
lawfully engage in occupations, and reside in the Marshall Islands 
or the Federated States of Micronesia, subject to the rights of those 
Governments to deny entry to or deport any such citizen or national 
as an undesirable alien. A citizen or national of the United States 
may establish habitual residence or domicile in the Marshall Islands 
or the Federated States of Micronesia only in accordance with the 
laws of the jurisdiction in which habitual residence or domicile is 
sought. 
(b) With respect to the subject matter of this Section, the Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia 
shall accord to citizens and nationals of the United States treatment 
no less favorable than that accorded to citizens of other countries; 
any denial of entry to or deportation of a citizen or national of the 
United States as an undesirable alien must be pursuant to reason-
able statutory grounds. 
Section 143 
(a) The privileges set forth in Sections 141 and 142 shall not apply ^nte, p. 1804; 
to any person who takes an affirmative step to preserve or acquire a *"^''° 
citizenship or nationality other than that of the Marshall Islands, 
the Federated States of Micronesia or the United States. 
(b) Every person having the privileges set forth in Sections 141 
and 142 who possesses a citizenship or nationality other than that of 
the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
United States ceases to have these privileges two years after the 
effective date of this Compact, or within six months after becoming 
21 years of age, whichever comes later, unless such person executes 
an oath of renunciation of that other citizenship or nationality. 
Section 144 
(a) A citizen or national of the United States who, after notifica-
tion to the Government of the United States of an intention to 
employ such person by the Government of the Marshall Islsmds or 
the Federated States of Micronesia, commences employment with 
such Government shall not be deprived of his United States 
nationality pursuant to Section 349 (aX2) and (aX4) of the Immigra-
tion and Nationality Act, 8 U.S.C. 1481 (aX2) and (aX4). 
(b) Upon such notification by the Government of the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia, the Government of 
the United States may consult with or provide information to the 
notifjdng Government concerning the prospective employee, subject 
to the provisions of the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a. 
(c) The requirement of prior notification shall not apply to those 
citizens or nationals of the United States who are employed by the 
Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia on the effective date of this Compact with respect to the 
positions held by them at that time. 
99 STAT. 1806 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Article V 
Representation ^ 
., <;: 
Section 151 
The Government of the United States and the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia may estab-
lish and maintain representative offices in the capital of the other 
for the purpose of maintaining close and regular consultations on 
matters arising in the course of the relationship of free association 
and conducting other government business. The Governments may 
establish and maintain additional offices on terms and in locations 
as may be mutually agreed. 
Section 152 
(a) The premises of such representative offices, and their archives 
wherever located, shall be inviolable. The property and assets of 
such representative offices shall be immune from search, requisi-
tion, attachment and any form of seizure unless such immunity is 
expressly waived. Official communications in transit shall be invio-
lable and accorded the freedom and protections accorded by recog-
nized principles of international law to official communications of a 
diplomatic mission. 
(b) Persons designated by the sending Government may serve in 
the capacity of its resident representatives with the consent of the 
receiving Government. Such designated persons shall be immune 
from civil and criminal process relating to words spoken or written 
and all acts performed by them in their official capacity and falling 
within their functions as such representatives, except insofar as 
such immunity may be expressly waived by the sending Govern-
ment. While serving in a resident representative capacity, such 
designated persons shall not be liable to arrest or detention pending 
trial, except in the case of a grave crime and pursuant to a decision 
by a competent judicial authority, and such persons shall enjoy 
immunity from seizure of personal property, immigration restric-
tions, and laws relating to alien registration, fingerprinting, and the 
registration of foreign agents. 
(c) The sending Governments and their respective assets, income 
and other property shall be exempt from all direct taxes, except 
those direct taxes representing pa3mient for specific goods and 
services, and shall be exempt from all customs duties and restric-
tions on the import or export of articles required for the official 
functions and personal use of their representatives and representa-
tive offices. 
(d) Persons designated by the sending Government to serve in the 
capacity of its resident representatives shall enjoy the same taxation 
exemptions as are set forth in Article 34 of the Vienna Convention 
on Diplomatic Relations. 
(e) The privileges, exemptions and immunities accorded under this 
Section are not for the personal benefit of the individuals concerned 
but are to safeguard the independent exercise of their official func-
tions. Without prejudice to those privileges, exemptions and immu-
nities, it is the duty of all such persons to respect the laws and 
regulations of the Government to which they are £issigned. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1807 
Section 153 
(a) Any citizen or national of the United States who, after con-
sultation between the designating Government and the Government 
of the United States, is designated by the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia as its agent, 
shall enjoy exemption from the requirements of the laws of the 
, » 
United States relating to the registration of foreign agents. The 
Government of the United States shall promptly comply with a 
request for consultation made by the prospective designating 
Government. During the course of the consultation, the Government 
of the United States may, in its discretion, and subject to the 
provisions of the Privacy Act, 5 U.S.C. 552a, transmit such informa-
tion concerning the prospective designee as may be available to it to 
the prospective designating Government. 
(b) Any citizen or national of the United States may be employed 
by the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States 
of Micronesia to represent to foreign governments, officers or agents 
thereof the positions of the Government of the Marshall Islands or 
the Federated States of Micronesia, without regard to the provisions 
of 18 U.S.C. 953. 
Article VI 
Environmental Protection 
Section 161 
The Governments of the United States, the Marshall Islands and 
the Federated States of Micronesia declare that it is their policy to 
promote efforts to prevent or eliminate damage to the environment 
and biosphere and to enrich understanding of the natural resources 
of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. In 
order to carry out this policy, the Government of the United States 
and the Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia agree to the following mutual and reciprocal 
undertakings. 
(a) The Government of the United States: 
(1) shall continue to apply the environmental controls in 
effect on the day preceding the effective date of this Compact to 
those of its continuing activities subject to Section 161(aX2), 
unless and until those controls are modified under Sections 
161(aX3) and 161(aX4); 
(2) shall apply the National Environmental Policy Act of 1969, 
83 Stat. 852, 42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq., to its activities under the 
Compact and its related agreements as if the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia were the United States; 
(3) shall comply also, in the conduct of any activity requiring 
the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement under 
Section 161(aX2), with standards substantively similar to those 
required by the following laws of the United States, taking into 
account the particular environments of the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia: the Endangered Species 
Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 884, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.; The Clean Air 
Act, 77 Stat. 392, 42 U.S.C. Supp. 7401 et seq.; the Clean Water 
Act (Federal Water Pollution Control Act), 86 Stat. 896, 33 
U.S.C. 1251 et seq., the Ocean Dumping Act (Title I of the 
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972), 86 
Stat. 1053, 33 U.S.C. 1411 et seq.; the Toxic Substances Control 
Act, 90 Stat. 2003, 15 U.S.C. 2601 et seq.; the Resources Conser-
vation and Recovery Act of 1976, 90 Stat. 2796, 42 U.S.C. 6901 
99 STAT. 1808 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
et seq.; and such other environmental protection laws of the 
United States as may be mutually agreed from time to time 
with the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia; and 
(4) shall develop, prior to conducting any activity requiring 
the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement under 
Ante, p. 1807. 
Section 161(aX2), appropriate mechanisms, including regula-
tions or other judicially reviewable standards and procedures, to 
regulate its activities governed by Section 161(aX3) in the Mar-
shall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia in a 
manner appropriate to the special governmental relationship 
set forth in this Compact. The agencies of the Grovemment of 
the United States designated by law to administer the laws set 
forth in Section 161(aX3) shall participate as appropriate in the 
development of any regulation, standard or procedure under 
this Section, and the Government of the United States shall 
provide the affected Government of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia with the opportunity to com-
ment during such development. 
(b) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall develop standards and procedures to 
protect their environments. As a reciprocal obligation to the under-
takings of the Government of the United States under this Article, 
the (rovernments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States 
of Micronesia, taking into account their particular environments, 
shall develop standards for environmental protection substantively 
similar to those required of the Government of the United States by 
Section 161(aX3) prior to their conducting activities in the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, respectively, sub-
stantively equivalent to activities conducted there by the Govern-
ment of the United States and, as a further reciprocal obligation, 
shall enforce those standards. 
(c) Section 161(a), including any standard or procedure applicable 
thereunder, and Section 161(b) may be modified or superseded in 
whole or in part by agreement of the Grovemment of the United 
States and the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia. 
(d) In the event that an Environmental Impact Statement is no 
longer required under the laws of the United States for major 
federal actions significantly affecting the quality of the human 
environment, the r^ulatory regime established under Sections 
161(aX3) and 161(aX4) shall continue to apply to such activities of 
the Government of the United States until amended by mutual 
agreement. 
President of U.S. 
(e) The President of the United States may exempt any of the 
activities of the Grovemment of the United States under this Com-
pact and its related agreements from any environmental standard 
or procedure which may be applicable under Sections 161(aX3) and 
161(aX4) if the President determines it to be in the paramount 
interest of the Grovemment of the United States to do so, consistent 
with Title Three of this Compact and the obligations of the Grovem-
ment of the United States under international law. Prior to any 
decision pursuant to this subsection, the views of the afTected 
Grovemment of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia shall be sought and considered to the extent practicable. 
Report. 
If the President grants such an exemption, to the extent practicable, 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1809 
a report with his reasons for granting such exemption shall be given 
promptly to the affected Government. 
(f) The laws of the United States referred to in Section 161(aX3) Ante, p. 1807. 
shall apply to the activities of the Government of the United States 
under this Compact and its related agreements only to the extent 
provided for in this Section. 
Section 162 
The Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States 
of Micronesia may bring an action for judicial review of any 
administrative agency action or any activity of the Government of 
the United States pursuant to Sections 161(a), 161(d) or 161(e) or for 
enforcement of the obligations of the (Jovemment of the United 
States arising thereunder. The United States District Court for the Courts, us. 
District of Hawaii and the United States District Court for the 
District of Columbia shall have jurisdiction over such action or 
activity, and over actions brought under Section 172(b) which relate Post, p. 1810. 
to the activities of the Government of the United States and its 
officers and employees, governed by Section 161, provided that: 
(a) Such actions may only be civil actions for any appropriate civil 
relief other than punitive damages against the Government of the 
United States or, where required by law, its officers in their official 
capacity; no criminal actions may arise under this Section. 
(b) Actions brought pursuant to this Section may be initiated only 
by the Grovemment concerned. 
(c) Administrative agency actions arising under Section 161 shall 
be reviewed pursuant to the standard of juchcial review set forth in 5 
U.S.C. 706. 
(d) The District Court shall have jurisdiction to issue all necessary Courts, U.S. 
processes, and the (Jovemment of the United States agrees to 
submit itself to the jurisdiction of the court; decisions of the District 
Court shall be reviewable in the United States Court of Appeals for 
the Ninth Circuit or the United States Court of Appeals for the 
District of Columbia, respectively, or in the United States Supreme 
Court as provided by the laws of the United States. 
(e) The judicial remedy provided for in this Section shall be the 
exclusive remedy for the judicial review or enforcement of the 
obligations of the Grovemment of the United States under this 
Article and actions brought under Section 172(b) which relate to the 
activities of the Grovemment of the United States and its officers 
and employees governed by Section 161. 
(0 In actions pursuant to this Section, the Governments of the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia shall be 
treated as if they were United States citizens. 
Section 163 
(a) For the purpose of gathering data necessary to study the 
environmental effects of activities of the Grovemment of the United 
States subject to the requirements of this Article, the Grovemments 
of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia shall 
be granted access to facilities operated by the Grovemment of the 
United States in the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia, to the extent necessary for this purpose, except to the 
extent such access would unreasonably interfere with the exercise of 
the authority and responsibility of the Grovemment of the United 
States under Title Three. 
99 STAT. 1810 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
(b) The Grovemment of the United States, in turn, shall be granted 
access to the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia 
for the purpose of gathering data necessary to discharge its obliga-
tions under this Article, except to the extent such access would 
unreasonably interfere with the exercise of the authority and 
responsibility of the Government of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia under Title One, and to the extent 
necessary for this purpose shall be granted access to documents and 
other information to the same extent similar access is provided 
those Governments under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 
552. 
(c) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall not impede efforts by the Grovemment 
of the United States to comply with applicable standards and 
procedures. 
Article VII 
General Legal Provisions 
Section 171 
Except as provided in this Compact or its related agreements, the 
application of the laws of the United States to the Trust Territory of 
the Pacific Islands by virtue of the Trusteeship Agreement ceases 
with respect to the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia as of the effective date of this Compact. 
Section 172 
(a) Every citizen of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia who is not a resident of the United States shall enjoy the 
rights and remedies under the laws of the United States enjoyed by 
any non-resident alien. 
(b) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia and every citizen of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia shall be considered a "person" 
within the meaning of the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, 
and of the judicial review provisions of the Administrative Proce-
dure Act, 5 U.S.C. 701-706, except that only the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia may seek 
5 use prec. 551. judicial review under the Administrative Procedure Act or judicial 
5 use 552. 
enforcement under the Freedom of Information Act when such 
judicial review or enforcement relates to the activities of the 
Ante, pp. 1807, 
Government of the United States governed by Sections 161 and 162. 
Section 173 
The Governments of the United States, the Marshall Islands and 
the Federated States of Micronesia agree to adopt and enforce such 
measures, consistent with this Compact and its related agreements, 
as may be necessary to protect the personnel, property, installa-
tions, services, programs and official archives and documents main-
t a i n ^ by the Government of the United States in the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia pursuant to this 
Compact and its related agreements and by those Grovernments in 
the United States pursuant to this Compact and its related 
agreements. 
Section 174 
Except as otherwise provided in this Compact and its related 
agreements: 
1809. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1811 
(a) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
Courts, U.S. 
States of Micronesia shall be immune from the jurisdiction of the 
courts of the United States, and the Government of the United 
States shall be immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(b) The Government of the United States accepts responsibility for 
and shall pay: 
(1) any unpaid money judgment rendered by the High Court 
of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands against the Govern-
ment of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands or the Govern-
ment of the United States with regard to any cause of action 
arising as a result of acts or omissions of the Government of the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands or the Government of the 
United States prior to the effective date of this Compact; 
(2) any claim settled by the claimant and the Government of Claims, 
the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands but not paid as of the 
effective date of this Compact; and 
(3) settlement of any administrative claim or of any action Claims. 
before a court of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, 
pending as of the effective date of this Compact, against the 
Government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands or the 
Government of the United States, arising as a result of acts or 
omissions of the Government of the Trust Territory of the 
Pacific Islands or the Government of the United States. 
(c) Any claim not referred to in Section 174(b) and arising from an 
Claims. 
act or omission of the Government of the Trust Territory of the ^"^^^ P l^lO. 
Pacific Islands or the Government of the United States prior to the 
effective date of this Compact shall be adjudicated in the same 
manner as a claim adjudicated according to Section 174(d). In any 
claim against the Government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands, the Government of the United States shall stand in the 
place of the Government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands. A judgment on any claim referred to in Section 174(b) or 
this subsection, not otherwise satisfied by the Government of the 
United States, may be presented for certification to the United 
States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, or its successor 
court, which shall have jurisdiction therefor, notwithstanding the 
provisions of 28 U.S.C. 1502, and which court's decisions shall be 
reviewable as provided by the laws of the United States. The United 
States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall certify such 
judgment, and order payment thereof, unless it finds, after a hear-
ing, that such judgment is manifestly erroneous as to law or fact, or 
manifestly excessive. In either of such cases the United States Court 
of Appeals for the Federal Circuit shall have jurisdiction to modify 
such judgment. 
(d) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall not be immune from the jurisdiction of 
the courts of the United States, and the Government of the United 
States shall not be immune from the jurisdiction of the courts of the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia in any case 
in which the action is based on a commercial activity of the defend-
ant Government where the action is brought, or in a case in which 
damages are sought for personal injury or death or damage to or loss 
of property occurring where the action is brought. 
99 STAT. 1812 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Law 
enforcement. 
Claims. 
Grants. 
Section 175 
A separate agreement, which shall come into effect simulta-
neously with this Compact, shall be concluded between the Govern-
ment of the United States and the Governments of the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia regarding mutual 
assistance and cooperation in law enforcement matters including 
the pursuit, capture, imprisonment and extradition of fugitives from 
justice and the transfer of prisoners. The separate agreement shall 
have the force of law. In the United States, the laws of the United 
States governing international extradition, including 18 U.S.C. 3184, 
3186 and 3188-3195, shall be applicable to the extradition of fu-
gitives under the separate agreement, and the laws of the United 
States governing the transfer of prisoners, including 18 U.S.C. 4100-
4115, shall be applicable to the transfer of prisoners under the 
separate agreement. 
Section 176 
The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia confirm that final judgments in civil cases 
rendered by any court of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands 
shall continue in full force and effect, subject to the constitutional 
power of the courts of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States 
of Micronesia to grant relief from judgments in appropriate cases. 
Section 177 
(a) The Government of the United States accepts the responsibil-
ity for compensation owing to citizens of the Marshall Islands, or the 
Federated States of Micronesia (or Palau) for loss or damage to 
property and person of the citizens of the Marshall Islands, or the 
Federated States of Micronesia, resulting from the nuclear testing 
program which the Government of the United States conducted 
in the Northern Marshall Islands between June 30, 1946, and 
August 18, 1958. 
(b) The Government of the United States and the Government of 
the Marshall Islands shall set forth in a separate agreement provi-
sions for the just and adequate settlement of all such claims which 
have arisen in regard to the Marshall Islands and its citizens and 
which have not as yet been compensated or which in the future may 
arise, for the continued administration by the Government of the 
United States of direct radiation related medical surveillance and 
treatment programs and radiological monitoring activities and for 
such additional programs and activities as may be mutually agreed, 
and for the assumption by the Government of the Marshall Islands 
of responsibility for enforcement of limitations on the utilization of 
affected areas developed in cooperation with the Government of the 
United States and for the assistance by the Government of the 
United States in the exercise of such responsibility as may be 
mutually agreed. This separate agreement shall come into effect 
simultaneously with this Compact and shall remain in effect in 
accordance with its own terms. 
(c) The Government of the United States shall provide to the 
Government of the Marshall Islands, on a grant basis, the amount of 
$150 million to be paid and distributed in accordance with the 
separate agreement referred to in this Section, and shall provide 
the services and programs set forth in this separate agreement, the 
language of which is incorporated into this Compact. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1813 
Section 178 
Claims. 
(a) The federal agencies of the Government of the United States 
which provide the services and related programs in the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia pursuant to Articles II 
and III of Title Two are authorized to settle and pay tort claims 
arising in the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Microne-
sia from the activities of such agencies or from the acts or omissions 
of the employees of such agencies. Except as provided in Section 
178(b), the provisions of 28 U.S.C. 2672 and 31 U.S.C. 1304 shall 
apply exclusively to such administrative settlements and pajonents. 
(b) Claims under Section 178(a) which cannot be settled under 
Section 178(a) shall be disposed of exclusively in accordance with 
Article II of Title Four. Arbitration awards rendered pursuant to 
this subsection shall be paid out of funds under 31 U.S.C. 1304. 
(c) The Government of the United States and the Government of 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia shall, in 
the separate agreements referred to in Section 232, provide for: Post, p. 1818. 
(1) the administrative settlement of claims referred to in 
Section 178(a), including designation of local agents in the 
Marshall Islands and each State of the Federated States of 
Micronesia; such agents to be empowered to accept, investigate 
and settle such claims, in a timely manner, as provided in such 
separate agreements; and 
(2) arbitration, referred to in Section 178(b), in a timely 
manner, at a site convenient to the claimant, in the event a 
claim is not otherwise settled pursuant to Section 178(a). 
(d) The provisions of Section 174(d) shall not apply to claims Ante, p. 1810. 
covered by this Section. 
TITLE TWO 
ECONOMIC RELATIONS 
Article I 
Grant Assistance 
Section 211 
(a) In order to assist the Governments of the Marshall Islands and 
the Federated States of Micronesia in their efforts to advance the 
economic self-sufficiency of their peoples and in recognition of the 
special relationship that exists between them and the United States, 
the Government of the United States shall provide on a grant basis 
the following amounts: 
(1) to the Government of the Marshall Islands, $26.1 million 
annusdly for five years commencing on the effective date of this 
Compact, $22.1 million annually for five years commencing on 
the fifth anniversary of the effective date of this Compact, and 
$19.1 million annually for five years commencing on the tenth 
anniversary of this Compact. Over this fifteen-year period, the 
Government of the Marshall Islands shall dedicate an aversige 
of no less than 40 percent of these amounts to the capital 
account subject to provision for revision of this percentage 
incorporated into the plan referred to in Section 211(b); and 
(2) to the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, 
$60 million annually for five years commencing on the effective 
date of this Compact, $51 million annually for five years 
commencing on the fifth anniversary of the effective date of this 
99 STAT. 1814 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Ante, p. 1813. 
Infra; post, pp. 
1815, 1816. 
Report. 
Post, p. 1818. 
Grants. 
Post, p. 1824. 
Compact, and $40 million annually for five years commencing 
on the tenth anniversary of the effective date of this Compact. 
Over this fifteen year period, the Government of the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall dedicate an average of no less than 40 
percent of these amounts annually to the capital account sub-
ject to provision for revision of this percentage incorporated into 
the plan referred to in Section 211(b). To take into account the 
special nature of the sissistance, to be provided under this 
paragraph and Sections 212(b), 213(c), 214(c), 215(aX3), 215(bX3), 
216(a), 216(b), 221(a), and 221(b), the division of these amounts 
among the national and state governments of the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall be certified to the Government of the 
United States by the Government of the Federated States of 
Micronesia. 
(b) The annual expenditure of the grant amounts specified for the 
capital account in Section 211(a) by the Governments of the Mar-
shall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia shall be in 
accordance with official overall economic development plans pro-
vided by those Governments and concurred in by the Government of 
the United States prior to the effective date of this Compact. These 
plans may be amended from time to time by the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(c) The Government of the United States and the Governments of 
the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia recog-
nize that the achievement of the goals of the plans referred to in 
Section 211(b) depends upon the availability of adequate internal 
revenue as well as economic assistance from sources outside of the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, including 
the Government of the United States, and may, in addition, be 
affected by the impact of exceptional economically adverse cir-
cumstances. Each of the Governments of the Marshall Islands and 
the Federated States of Micronesia shall therefore report annually 
to the President of the United States and to the Congress of the 
United States on the implementation of the plans and on their use 
of the funds specified in this Article. These reports shall outline the 
achievements of the plans to date and the need, if any, for an 
additional authorization and appropriation of economic assistance 
for that year to account for any exceptional, economically adverse 
circumstances. It is understood that the Government of the United 
States cannot be committed by this Section to seek or support such 
additional economic assistance. 
Section 212 
In recognition of the special development needs of the Federated 
States of Micronesia, the Government of the United States shall 
provide to the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia $1 
million annually for fourteen years commencing on the first 
anniversary of the effective date of this CJompact. This amount may 
be used by the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia to 
defray current account expenditures attendant to the operation of 
the United States military Civic Action Teams made available in 
accordance with the separate agreement referred to in Section 227. 
Section 213 
(a) The Government of the United States shall provide on a grant 
basis $1.9 million annually to the Government of the Marshall 
Islands in conjunction with Section 321(a). The Government of the 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1815 
Marshall Islands, in its use of such funds, shall take into account the 
impact of the activities of the Grovemment of the United States in 
the Kwajalein Atoll area of the Marshall Islands. 
(b) The Government of the United States shall provide on a grant 
basis to the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia the 
sum of $160,000 in conjunction with Section 321(a). This sum shall Post, p. 1824. 
be made available concurrently with the grant assistance provided 
pursuant to this Article during the first year after the effective date 
of this Compact. The Government of the Federated States of Mi-
cronesia, in its use of such funds, shall take into account the impact 
of the activities of the Government of the United States in Yap 
State, Federated States of Micronesia. 
Section 214 
Grants. 
As a contribution to efforts aimed at achieving increased self-
sufficiency in energy production, the Government of the United 
States shall provide on a current account grant basis for fourteen 
years commencing on the first anniversary of the effective date of 
this Compact the following amounts: 
(a) To the Government of the Marshall Islands, $2 million an-
nually. 
(b) To the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, $3 
million annually. 
Section 215 
(a) As a contribution to the current account operations and Grants. 
maintenance of communications systems, the Government of the 
United States shall provide on a grant basis for fifteen years 
commencing on the effective date of this Compact the following 
amounts: 
(1) to the Government of the Marshall Islands, $300,000 an-
nually; and 
(2) to the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, 
$600,000 annually. 
0)) For the purpose of acquiring such communications hardware 
as may be located within the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia or for such other current or capital account 
activity as may be selected, the Grovemment of the United States 
shall provide, concurrently with the grant assistance provided 
pursuant to this Article during the first year after the effective date 
of this Compact, the sum of $9 million to be allocated as follows: 
(1) to the Government of the Marshall Islands, $3 million; and 
(2) to the Government of the Federated Stat^ of Micronesia, 
$6 million. 
Section 216 
(a) The Grovemment of the United States shall provide on a 
current account basis an annual grant of $5,369 million for fifteen 
years commencing on the effective date of this Compact for the 
purposes set forth below: 
(1) $890,000 annually for the surveillance and enforcement by 
the GJovemments of the Marshall Isleuids and the Federated 
States of Micronesia of their respective maritime zones; 
(2) $1,791 million annually for health and medical programs, 
including referrals to hospital and treatment centers; and 
(3) $2,687 million annually for a scholarship fund or funds to 
support the post-secondary education of citizens of the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia attending 
Communications 
and 
telecommunications. 
Grants. 
99 STAT. 1816 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
United States accredited, post-secondary institutions in the 
United States, its territories and possessions, the Marshall Is-
lands or the Federated States of Micronesia. The curricula 
criteria for the award of scholarships shall be designed to 
Ante, p. 1813. 
advsince the purposes of the plans referred to in Section 211(b). 
(b) The Government of the United States shall provide the sum of 
$1,333 million as a contribution to the commencement of activities 
pursuant to Section 216(aXl). 
Grants. 
(c) The annual grants referred to in Section 216(a) and the sum 
referred to in Section 216(b) shall be made available by the Govern-
ment of the United States promptly after it receives instruction for 
their distribution agreed upon by the Governments of the M£Lrshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. 
Section 217 
Ante, p. 1813. 
Except as otherwise provided, the amounts stated in Sections 211, 
Ante, pp. 1814, 
212, 214, 215 and 231 shall be adjusted for each Fiscal Year by the 
1818 ^*^' ^ 
percent which equals two-thirds of the percentage change in the 
United States Gross National Product Implicit Price Deflator, or 
seven percent, whichever is less in any one year, using the begin-
ning of Fiscal Year 1981 as the base. 
Section 218 
If in any year the funds made available by the Government of the 
United States for that year pursusmt to thLs Article or Section 231 
are not completely obligated by the recipient Government, the 
unobligated balances shall remain available in addition to the funds 
to be provided in subsequent years. 
Section 219 
All funds previously appropriated to the Trust Territory of the 
Pacific Islands which are unobligated by the (Jovernment of the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands as of the effective date of this 
Compact shall accrue to the Governments of the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia for the purposes for which 
such funds were originally appropriated as determined by the 
Government of the United States. 
Article 11 
Program Assistance 
Section 221 
(a) The Grovernment of the United States shall make available to 
the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, in 
accordance with and to the extent provided in the separate agree-
Post, p. 1818. 
ments referred to in section 232, without compensation and at the 
levels equivalent to those available to the Trust Territory of the 
Pacific Islands during the year prior to the effective date of this 
Compact, the services and related programs: 
(1) of the United States Weather Service; 
(2) of the United States Federal Emergency Management 
Agency; 
(3) provided pursuant to the Postal Reorganization Act, 39 
US.C. 101 et seq.; 
(4) of the United States Federal Aviation Administration; and 
(5) of the United States Civil Aeronautics Board or its succes-
sor agencies which has the authority to implement the provi-
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1817 
sions of paragraph 5 of Article IX of such separate agreements, 
the language of which is incorporated into this Compact. 
Ot)) The Government of the United States, recognizing the special 
needs of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Microne-
sia particularly in the fields of education and health care, shall 
make available, as provided by the laws of the United States, the 
annual amount of $10 million which shall be allocated in accordance 
with the provisions of the separate agreement referred to in Section 
232. 
Post, p. 1818. 
(c) The Government of the United States shall make available to Conservation. 
the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia such 
alternate energy development projects, studies and conservation 
measures as are applicable to the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands on the day preceding the effective date of this Compact, for 
the purposes and duration provided in the laws of the United States. 
(d) The Government of the United States shall have and exercise 
such authority as is necessary for the purposes of this Article and as 
is set forth in the separate agreements referred to in Section 232, 
which shall also set forth the extent to which services and programs 
shall be provided to the Marshall Islands and the Federated States 
of Micronesia. 
Section 222 
The Government of the United States and the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia shall consult 
regularly or upon request regarding: 
(a) the economic development of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia; or 
(b) the services and programs referred to in this Article. These 
services and programs shall continue to be provided by the 
Government of the United States unless their modification is 
provided by mutual agreement or their termination in whole or 
in part is requested by any recipient Government. 
Section 223 
The citizens of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Education. 
Micronesia who are receiving post-secondary educational assistance 
from the Government of the United States on the day preceding the 
effective date of this Compact shall continue to be eligible, if other-
wise qualified, to receive such assistance to complete their academic 
progrsmis for a maximum of four years after the effective date of 
this Compact. 
Section 224 
The Government of the United States and the Government of the Grants. 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia may agree 
from time to time to the extension of additional United States grant 
assistance, services and programs as provided by the Laws of the 
United States, to the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia, respectively. 
Section 225 
The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall make available to the Government of the 
United States at no cost such land as may be necessary for the 
operations of the services and programs provided pursuant to this 
Article, and such facilities as are provided by the CSrovernment of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia at no cost to 
99 STAT. 1818 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
the Government of the United States as of the effective date of this 
Compact or as may be mutually agreed thereafter. 
Section 226 
The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia may request, from time to time, technical 
assistance from the federal agencies and institutions of the Govern-
ment of the United States, which are authorized to grant such 
technical assistance in accordance with its laws and which shall 
grant such technical assistance in a manner which gives priority 
consideration to the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia over other recipients not a part of the United States, its 
territories or possessions. The Government of the United States 
shall coordinate the provision of such technical assistance in con-
sultation with the respective recipient Government. 
Section 227 
In recognition of the special development needs of the Federated 
States of Micronesia, the Government of the United States shall 
make available United States military Civic Action Teams for use in 
the Federated States of Micronesia under terms and conditions 
specified in a separate agreement which shall come into effect 
simultaneously with this Compact. 
Article IH 
Effective date. 
Ante, pp. 1813-
1816. 
Ante, p. 1816. 
Ante, p. 1816. 
Administrative Provisions 
Section 231 
Upon the thirteenth anniversary of the effective date of this 
Compact, the Government of the United States and the Govern-
ments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Microne-
sia shall commence negotiations regarding those provisions of this 
Compact which expire on the fifteenth anniversary of its effective 
date. If these negotiations are not concluded by the 
fifteenth 
anniversary of the effective date of this Compact, the period of 
negotiations shall extend for not more than two additional years, 
during which time the provisions of this Compact including Title 
Three shall remain in full force and effect. During this additional 
period of negotiations, the Government of the United States shall 
continue its assistance to the Governments with which it is negotiat-
ing pursuant to this Section at a level which is the average of the 
annual amounts granted pursuant to Sections 211, 212, 213, 214, 215 
and 216 during the first fifteen years of this Compact. The average 
annual amount psiid pursuant to Sections 211, 212, 214 and 215 shall 
be adjusted pursuant to Section 217. 
Section 232 
The specific nature, extent and contractual arrangements of the 
services and programs provided for in Section 221 as well as the 
legal status of agencies of the Government of the United States, 
their civilian employees and contractors, and the dependents of such 
personnel while present in the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia, and other arrangements in connection with a 
service or program furnished by the Government of the United 
States, are set forth in separate agreements which shall come into 
effect simultaneously with this Compact. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
STAT. 1819 
Section 233 
The Government of the United States, in consultation with the 
Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia, shall determine and implement procedures for the peri-
odic audit of all grants and other assistance made under Article I of 
this Title and of all funds expended for the services and programs 
provided under Article II of this Title. Such audits shall be con-
ducted on an annual basis during the first five years following the 
effective date of this Compact and shall be at no cost to the 
Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia. 
Section 234 
Title to the property of the Government of the United States 
situated in the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands or acquired for 
or used by the Government of the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands on or before the day preceding the effective date of this 
Compact shall, without reimbursement or transfer of funds, vest in 
the Government of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia as set forth in a separate agreement which shall come 
into effect simultaneously with this Compact. The provisions of this 
Section shall not apply to the property of the Government of the 
United States for which the Government of the United States 
determines a continuing requirement. 
Section 235 
(a) Funds held in trust by the High Commissioner of the Trust 
Territory of the Pacific Islands, in his official capacity, as of the 
effective date of this Compact shall remain available as trust funds 
to their designated beneficiaries. The Government of the United 
States, in consultation with the Government of the Marshall Islands 
or the Federated States of Micronesia, shall appoint a new trustee 
who shall exercise the functions formerly exercised by the High 
Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. 
(b) To provide for the continuity of administration, and to assure 
the Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States 
of Micronesia that the purposes of the laws of the United States are 
carried out and that the funds of any other trust fund in which the 
High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands has 
authority of a statutory or customary nature shall remain available 
as trust funds to their designated beneficiaries, the Government of 
the United States agrees to assume the authority formerly vested in 
the High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. 
Section 236 
Except as otherwise provided, approval of this Compact by the 
Government of the United States shall constitute a pledge of the full 
faith and credit of the United States for the full payment of the 
sums and amounts specified in Articles I and III of this Title. The 
obligation of the United States under Articles I and III of this Title 
shall be enforceable in the United States Claims Court, or its 
successor court, which shall have jurisdiction in cases arising under 
this Section, notwithstanding the provisions of 28 U.S.C. 1502, and 
which court's decisions shall be reviewable £is provided by the laws 
of the United States. 
Audit. 
Grants. 
Real property. 
99 STAT. 1820 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Article IV 
Trade 
Section 241 
The Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia are 
not included in the customs territory of the United States. 
Section 242 
Imports. 
For the purpose of assessing duties on their products imported 
into the customs territory of the United States, the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia shall be treated as if they 
were insular possessions of the United States within the meaning of 
19 use 1202. 
General Headnote 3(a) of the Tariff Schedules of the United States. 
The exceptions, valuation procedures and all other provisions of 
General Headnote 3(a) shall apply to any product deriving from the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia. 
Section 243 
Imports. 
All products of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia imported into the customs territory of the United States 
which are not accorded the treatment set forth in Section 242 and 
all products of the United States imported into the Marshall Islands 
or the Federated States of Micronesia shall receive treatment no 
less favorable than that accorded like products of any foreign coun-
try with respect to customs duties or charges of a similar nature and 
with respect to laws and regulations relating to importation, expor-
tation, taxation, sale, distribution, storage or use. 
Article V 
Finance and Taxation 
Section 251 
The currency of the United States is the official circulating legal 
tender of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Microne-
sia. Should the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia act to institute another currency, the 
terms of an appropriate currency transitional period shall be as 
agreed with the Government of the United States. 
Section 252 
The Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States 
of Micronesia may, with respect to United States persons, tax 
income derived from sources within its respective jurisdiction, prop-
erty situated therein, including transfers of such property by gift or 
at death, and products consumed therein, in such manner as such 
Government deems appropriate. The determination of the source of 
any income, or the situs of any property, shall for purposes of this 
Compact be made according to the United States Internal Revenue 
26 use prec. 1. 
Code. 
Section 253 
A citizen of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia, domiciled therein, shall be exempt from: 
(a) Income taxes imposed by the Government of the United States 
upon fixed or determinable annual income. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1821 
(b) Estate, gift, and generation-skipping transfer taxes imposed by 
the Government of the United States. 
Section 254 
(a) In determining any income tax imposed by the Government of 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia, those 
Governments shall have authority to impose tax upon income de-
rived by a resident of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States 
of Micronesia from sources without the Marshall Islands and the 
Federated States of Micronesia, in the same manner and to the 
same extent as those Governments impose tax upon income derived 
from within their respective jurisdictions. If the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia exercises 
such authority £is provided in this subsection, any individual resi-
dent of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia 
who is subject to tax by the Government of the United States on 
income which is also taxed by the Government of the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia shall be relieved of 
liability to the Government of the United States for the tax which, 
but for this subsection, would otherwise be imposed by the Govern-
ment of the United States on such income. For purposes of this 
Section, the term "resident of the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia" shall be deemed to include any person who 
was physically present in the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
''•••''^ 
States of Micronesia for a period of 183 or more days during any 
taxable year; provided, that as between the Government of the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, the 
authority to tax an individual resident of the Marshall Islands or 
the Federated States of Micronesia in respect of income from 
sources without the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia as provided in this subsection may be exercised only by 
the Government in whose jurisdiction such individual was phys-
ically present for the greatest number of days during the taxable 
year. 
(b) If the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia subjects income to taxation substantially simi-
lar to that imposed by the Trust Territory Code in effect on Janu-
ary 1, 1980, such Government shall be deemed to have exercised the 
authority described in Section 254(a). 
Section 255 
Where not otherwise manifestly inconsistent with the intent of 
this Compact, provisions in the United States Internal Revenue 
Code that are applicable to possessions of the United States £is of 
26 USC prec. 1. 
January 1, 1980 shall be treated as applying to the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia. If such provisions of the 
Internal Revenue Code are amended, modified or repealed after that 
date, such provisions shall continue in effect as to the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia for a period of two 
years during which time the Government of the United States and 
the Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States 
of Micronesia shall negotiate an agreement which shall provide 
benefits substantially equivalent to those which obtained under 
such provisions. 
99 STAT. 1822 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
^MlisaocfrnU- 
TITLE THREE 
• ^ 
SECURITY AND DEFENSE RELATIONS 
Article I 
Authority and Responsibility 
Section 311 
(a) The Government of the United States has full authority and 
responsibility for security and defense matters in or relating to the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(b) This authority and responsibility includes: 
(1) the obligation to defend the Marshall Islands and the 
Federated States of Micronesia and their peoples from attack 
or threats thereof as the United States and its citizens are 
defended; 
(2) the option to foreclose access to or use of the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia by military 
personnel or for the military purposes of any third country; and 
(3) the option to establish and use military areas and facilities 
in the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, 
subject to the terms of the separate agreements referred to in 
Post, p. 1824. 
Sections 321 and 323. 
(c) The Government of the United States confirms that it shall act 
in accordance with the principles of international law and the 
59 Stat. 1031. 
Charter of the United Nations in the exercise of this authority and 
responsibility. 
Section 312 
Subject to the terms of any agreements negotiated in accordance 
with Sections 321 and 323, the Government of the United States 
may conduct within the lands, waters and airspace of the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia the activities and 
operations necessary for the exercise of its authority and respon-
sibility imder this Title. 
Section 313 
(a) The Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall refrain from actions which the Govern-
ment of the United States determines, after appropriate consulta-
tion with those Governments, to be incompatible with its authority 
and responsibility for security and defense matters in or relating to 
the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(b) The consultations referred to in this Section shall be conducted 
expeditiously at senior levels of the Governments concerned, and 
the subsequent determination by the Grovemment of the United 
States referred to in this Section shall be made only at senior 
interagency levels of the Government of the United Stetes. 
(c) The Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia shall be afforded, on an expeditious basis, an 
opportunity to raise its concerns with the United States Secretary of 
State personally and the United States Secretary of Defense person-
ally regarding any determination made in accordance with this 
Section. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1823 
Section 314 
(a) Unless otherwise agreed, the Government of the United States 
shall not, in the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia: 
(1) test by detonation or dispose of any nuclear weapon, nor 
test, dispose of, or discharge any toxic chemical or biological 
weapon; or 
(2) test, dispose of, or discharge any other radioactive, toxic 
chemical or biological materials in an amount or manner which 
would be hazardous to public health or safety. 
(b) Unless otherwise agreed, other than for transit or over flight 
purposes or during time of a national emergency declared by the 
President of the United States, a state of war declared by the 
Congress of the United States or as necessary to defend against an 
actual or impending armed attack on the United States, the Mar-
shall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia, the Government 
of the United States shall not store in the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia any toxic chemical weapon, nor any 
radioactive materials nor any toxic chemical materials intended for 
weapons use. 
(c) Radioactive, toxic chemical, or biological materials not in-
tended for weapons use shall not be affected by Section 314(b). 
(d) No material or substance referred to in this Section shall be 
stored in the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia 
except in an amount and manner which would not be hazardous to 
public health or safety. In determining what shall be an amount or 
manner which would be hazardous to public health or safety under 
this Section, the Government of the United States shall comply with 
any applicable mutual agreement, international guidelines accepted 
by the Government of the United States, and the laws of the United 
States and their implementing regulations. 
(e) Any exercise of the exemption authority set forth in Section 
161(e) shall have no effect on the obligations of the Government of 
the United States under this Section or on the application of this 
subsection. 
(f) The provisions of this Section shall apply in the areas in which 
the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia exercises jurisdiction over the living resources of the 
seabed, subsoil or water column adjacent to its coasts. 
Section 315 
The Government of the United States may invite members of the 
armed forces of other countries to use military areas and facilities in 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia, in 
conjunction with and under the control of United States Armed 
Forces. Use by units of the armed forces of other countries of such 
military areas and facilities, other than for transit and overflight 
purposes, shall be subject to consultation with and, in the case of 
major units, approval by the Government of the Marshall Islands or 
the Federated States of Micronesia. 
Section 316 
The authority and responsibility of the Grovemment of the United 
States under this Title may not be transferred or otherwise 
aligned. 
Hazardous 
materials. 
Prohibitions. 
Ante, p. 1807. 
Armed Forces. 
99 STAT. 1824 
Defense and 
national 
security. 
Real property. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Article II 
Defense Facilities and Operating Rights 
Section 321 
(a) Specific arrangements for the establishment and use by the 
Government of the United States of military areas and facilities in 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia are set 
forth in separate agreements which shall come into effect simulta-
neously with this Compact. 
(b) If, in the exercise of its authority and responsibility under this 
Title, the Government of the United States requires the use of areas 
within the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia in 
addition to those for which specific arrangements are concluded 
pursuant to Section 321(a), it may request the Government con-
cerned to satisfy those requirements through leases or other 
arrangements. The Government of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia shall sympathetically consider any 
such request and shall establish suitable procedures to discuss it 
with and provide a prompt response to the Grovernment of the 
United States. 
(c) The Government of the United States recognizes and respects 
the scarcity and special importance of land in the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia. In making any requests 
pursuant to Section 321(b), the Government of the United States 
shall follow the policy of requesting the minimum area necessary to 
accomplish the required security and defense purpose, of requesting 
only the minimum interest in real property necessary to support 
such purpose, and of requesting first to satisfy its requirement 
through public real property, where available, rather than through 
private real property. 
Section 322 
The Government of the United States shall provide and maintain 
fixed and floating aids to navigation in the Marshall Islands and the 
Federated States of Micronesia at least to the extent necessary for 
the exercise of its authority and responsibility under this Title. 
Section 323 
The military operating rights of the Government of the United 
States and the legal status and contractual arrangements of the 
United States Armed Forces, their members, and associated 
civilians, while present in the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia, are set forth in separate agreements which 
shall come into effect simultaneously with this Compact. 
Article III 
Defense Treaties and International Security Agreements 
Section 331 
Subject to the terms of this (Dompact and its related agreements, 
the Government of the United States, exclusively, shall assume and 
enjoy, as to the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of 
Micronesia, all obligations, responsibilities, rights and benefits of: 
(a) Any defense treaty or other international security agreement 
applied by the Government of the United States as Administering 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1825 
Authority of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands as of the day 
preceding the effective date of this Compact. 
(b) Any defense treaty or other international security agreement 
to which the Government of the United States is or may become a 
party which it determines to be applicable in the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia. Such a determination by 
the Government of the United States shall be preceded by appro-
priate consultation with the Government of the Marshall Islands or 
the Federated States of Micronesia. 
Article IV 
Service in Armed Forces of the United States 
Section 341 
Any person entitled to the privileges set forth in Section 141 shall 
Ante, p. 1804. 
be eligible to volunteer for service in the Armed Forces of the 
United States, but shall not be subject to involuntary induction into 
military service of the United States so long as such person does not 
s,; • | ,i?,cfl 
establish habitual residence in the United States, its territories or 
possessions. 
Section 342 
The Government of the United States shall have enrolled, at any 
one time, at least two qualified students, one each from the Mar-
shall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, as may be 
nominated by their respective Governments, in each of: 
(a) The United States Coast Guard Academy pursuant to 14 U.S.C. 
195. 
(b) The United States Merchant Marine Academy pursuant to 46 
U.S.C. 1295b(bX6), provided that the provisions of 46 U.S.C. 
1295b(bX6)(C) shall not apply to the enrollment of students pursuant 
to Section 342(b) of this Compact. 
Article V 
General Provisions 
Section 351 
(a) The Government of the United States and the Government of 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia shall 
establish two Joint Committees empowered to consider disputes 
under the implementation of this Title and its related agreements. 
(b) The membership of each Joint Committee shall comprise 
. -i 
selected senior officials of each of the two participating Govern-
ments. The senior United States military commander in the Pacific 
area shall be the senior United States member of each Joint 
Committee. For the meetings of each Joint Committee, each of the 
two participating Governments may designate additional or alter-
nate representatives as appropriate for the subject matter under 
consideration. 
, i, 
(c) Unless otherwise mutually agreed, each Joint Committee shall 
meet semi-annually at a time and place to be designated, after 
appropriate consultation, by the Government of the United States. 
A Joint Committee also shall meet promptly upon request of either 
of its members. Upon notification by the Government of the United 
States, the Joint Committees so notified shall meet promptly in a 
combined session to consider matters within the jurisdiction of more 
99 STAT. 1826 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
than one Joint Committee. Each Joint Committee shall follow such 
procedures, including the establishment of functional subcommit-
tees, as the members may from time to time agree. 
(d) Unresolved issues in each Joint Committee shall be referred to 
the Governments concerned for resolution, and the Government of 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia shall be 
afforded, on an expeditious basis, an opportunity to raise its con-
cerns with the United States Secretary of Defense personally 
regarding any unresolved issue which threatens its continued 
association vdth the Government of the United States. 
Section 352 
In the exercise of its authority and responsibility under Title 
Three, the Grovemment of the United States shall accord due respect 
to the authority and responsibility of the Governments of the Mar-
shall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia under Titles 
One, Two and Four and to their responsibility to assure the well-
being of their peoples. 
Post, p. 1827. 
Section 353 
(a) The (jovemment of the United States shall not include any of 
the (Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States 
of Micronesia as named parties to a formal declaration of war, 
without their respective consent. 
(b) Absent such consent, this Compact is without prejudice, on the 
ground of belligerence or the existence of a state of war, to any 
claims for damages which are advanced by the citizens, nationals or 
Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia, which arise out of armed conflict subsequent to the 
effective date of this Compact and which are: 
(1) petitions to the Government of the United States for 
redress; or 
(2) claims in any manner against the government, citizens, 
nationals or entities of any third country. 
(c) Petitions under Section 353(bXl) shall be treated as if they were 
made by citizens of the United States. 
Section 354 
(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Compact, the 
provisions of this Title are binding from the effective date of this 
Compact for a period of fifteen years between the Government of the 
United States and the Governments of the Marshall Islands and the 
Federated States of Micronesia and thereafter as mutually agreed or 
Ante, p. 1818. 
in accordance with Section 231, unless earlier terminated by mutual 
Post, p. 1829. 
agreement pursuant to Section 441, or amended pursuant to Article 
ffl of Title Four. 
Defense and 
(b) The Grovemment of the United States recognizes, in view of the 
national 
special relationship between the Government of the United States 
security. 
^^^j ^j^^ Governments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia, and in view of the existence of separate 
Ante, p. 1824. 
agreements with each of them pursuant to Sections 321 and 323, 
that, even if this Title should terminate, any attack on the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia during the period in 
which such separate agreements are in effect, would constitute a 
threat to the peace and security of the entire region and a danger to 
the United States. In the event of such an attack, the Government of 
the United States would take action to meet the danger to the 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1827 
United States and to the Marshall Islands and the Federated States 
of Micronesia in accordance with its constitutional processes. 
TITLE FOUR 
GENERAL PROVISIONS 
Article I 
Approval and Effective Date 
Section 411 
This Compact shall come into effect upon mutual agreement 
between the Government of the United States, acting in fulfillment 
of its responsibilities as Administering Authority of the Trust Terri-
tory of the Pacific Islands, and the Grovemment of the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia and subsequent to 
completion of the following: 
(a) Approval by the Government of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia in accordance with its constitutional 
processes. 
(b) Conduct of the plebiscite referred to in Section 412. 
(c) Approval by the Government of the United States in accord-
ance with its constitutional processes. 
Section 412 
A plebiscite shall be conducted in each of the Marshall Islands 
and the Federated States of Micronesia for the free and voluntary 
choice by the peoples of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands of 
their future political status through informed and democratic proc-
esses. The Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia 
shall each be considered a voting jurisdiction, and the plebiscite 
shall be conducted under fair and equitable standards in each voting 
jurisdiction. The Administering Authority of the Trust Territory of 
the Pacific Islands, after consultation with the Governments of the 
Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia, shall fix 
the date on which the plebiscite shall be called in each voting 
jurisdiction. The plebiscite shall be called jointly by the Administer-
ing Authority of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and the 
other Signatory Government concerned. The results of the plebiscite 
in each voting jurisdiction shall be determined by a majority of the 
valid ballots cast in that voting jurisdiction. 
Article II 
Conference and Dispute Resolution 
Section 421 
The Government of the United States shall confer promptly at the 
request of the Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated 
States of Micronesia and any of those Governments shall confer 
promptly at the request of the Government of the United States on 
matters relating to the provisions of this Compact or of its related 
agreements. 
99 STAT. 1828 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Section 422 
In the event the Government of the United States, or the Govern-
ment of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia, 
after conferring pursuant to Section 421, determines that there is a 
dispute and gives written notice thereof, the Governments which are 
parties to the dispute shall make a good faith effort to resolve the 
dispute among themselves. 
Section 423 
If a dispute between the Government of the United States and the 
Government of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia cannot be resolved within 90 days of written notification 
in the manner provided in Section 422, either party to the dispute 
may refer it to arbitration in accordance with Section 424. 
Section 424 
Should a dispute be referred to arbitration as provided for in 
Section 423, an Arbitration Board shall be established for the pur-
pose of hearing the dispute and rendering a decision which shall be 
binding upon the two parties to the dispute unless the two parties 
mutually agree that the decision shall be advisory. Arbitration shall 
occur according to the following terms: 
(a) An Arbitration Board shall consist of a Chairman and two 
other members, each of whom shall be a citizen of a party to the 
dispute. Each of the two Governments which is a party to the 
dispute shall appoint one member to the Arbitration Board. If either 
party to the dispute does not fulfill the appointment requirements of 
this Section within 30 days of referral of the dispute to arbitration 
pursuant to Section 423, its member on the Arbitration Board shall 
be selected from its own standing list by the other party to the 
dispute. Each Government shall maintain a standing list of 10 
candidates. The parties to the dispute shall jointly appoint a Chair-
man within 15 days after selection of the other members of the 
Arbitration Board. Failing agreement on a Chairman, the Chairman 
shall be chosen by lot from the standing lists of the parties to the 
dispute within 5 days after such failure. 
(b) The Arbitration Board shall have jurisdiction to hear and 
render its final determination on all disputes arising exclusively 
under Articles I, II, III, IV and V of Title One, Title Two, Title Four 
and their related agreements. 
(c) Each member of the Arbitration Board shall have one vote. 
Each decision of the Arbitration Board shall be reached by majority 
vote. 
(d) In determining any legal issue, the Arbitration Board may 
have reference to international law and, in such reference, shall 
apply as guidelines the provisions set forth in Article 38 of the 
Statute of the International Court of Justice. 
(e) The Arbitration Board shall adopt such rules for its proceed-
ings as it may deem appropriate and necessary, but such rules shall 
not contravene the provisions of this Compact. Unless the parties 
provide otherwise by mutual agreement, the Arbitration Board shall 
endeavor to render its decision within 30 days after the conclusion of 
arguments. The Arbitration Board shall make findings of fact and 
conclusions of law and its members may issue dissenting or individ-
ual opinions. Except as may be otherwise decided by the Arbitration 
Board, one-half of all costs of the arbitration shall be borne by the 
Government of the United States and the remainder shall be borne 
by the other party to the dispute. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1829 
Article III 
Amendment 
Section 431 
The provisions of this Compact may be amended as to the Govern-
ments of the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Microne-
sia and as to the Government of the United States at any time by 
mutual agreement. 
Section 432 
The provisions of this Compact may be amended as to any one of 
the Governments of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia and as to the Government of the United States at any 
time by mutual agreement. The effect of any amendment made 
pursuant to this Section shall be restricted to the relationship 
between the Governments agreeing to such amendment, but the 
other Governments signatory to this Compact shall be notified 
promptly by the Government of the United States of any such 
amendment. 
Article IV 
Termination 
' ^-^ 
Section 441 
This Compact may be terminated as to any one of the Govern-
ments of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia 
and as to the Government of the United States by mutual agree-
ment and subject to Section 451. 
Post, p. 1830. 
Section 442 
This Compact may be terminated by the Government of the 
United States as to the Government of the Marshall Islands or the 
Federated States of Micronesia subject to Section 452, such termi- Post, p. 1830. 
nation to be effective on the date specified in the notice of termi-
nation by the (Jovemment of the United States but not earlier than 
six months following delivery of such notice. The time specified in 
the notice of termination may be extended. 
Section 443 
This Compact shall be terminated, pursuant to their respective 
constitutional processes, by the (Jovemment of the Marshall Islands 
or the Federated States of Micronesia subject to Section 453 if the Post, p. 1830. 
people represented by such Government vote in a plebiscite to 
terminate. Such Government shall notify the Government of the 
United States of its intention to call such a plebiscite which shall 
take place not earlier than three months after delivery of such 
notice. The plebiscite shall be administered by such Government in 
accordance with its constitutional and legislative processes, but the 
Government of the United States may send its own observers and 
invite observers from a mutually agreed party. If a majority of the 
valid ballots cast in the plebiscite favors termination, such Govern-
ment shall, upon certification of the results of the plebiscite, give 
notice of termination to the Government of the United States, such 
termination to be effective on the date specified in such notice but 
not earlier than three months following the date of delivery of such 
notice. The time specified in the notice of termination may be 
extended. 
a -Aiii 
99 STAT. 1830 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Article V 
Survivability 
Section 451 
^^"' -• - • 
Ante, p. 1829. 
Should termination occur pursuant to Section 441, economic 
assistance by the Government of the United States shall continue on 
mutually agreed terms. 
Section 452 
Ante, p. 1829. 
(a) Should termination occur pursuant to Section 442, the follow-
ing provisions of this Compact shall remain in full force and effect 
until the fifteenth anniversary of the effective date of this Compact 
between the Government of the United States and the Government 
of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia and 
thereafter as mutually agreed: 
Ante, pp. 1810, 
(1) Article VI and Sections 172, 173, 176 and 177 of Title One; 
1812. 
(2) Article I and Section 233 of Title Two; 
Ante, p. 1819. 
(3) rp-^j^ - j ^ ^ . ^ ^ . ^ ^ 
(4) Articles II, III, V and VI of Title Four. 
(b) The Grovernment of the United States shall also provide the 
Ante, p. 1829. 
Government as to which termination occurs pursuant to Section 442 
with either the programs or services provided pursuant to Article II 
of Title Two as the time of termination, or their equivalent, as 
determined by the Government of the United States. Such assist-
ance shall continue until the fifteenth anniversary of the effective 
date of this Compact, and thereafter as mutually agreed. 
Section 453 
Ante, p. 1829. 
(a) Should termination occur pursuant to Section 443, the follow-
ing provisions of this Compact shall remain in full force and effect 
until the fifteenth anniversary of the effective date of this Compact 
between the Government of the United States and the Government 
of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia and 
thereafter as mutually agreed: 
(1) Article VI and Sections 172, 173, 176 and 177 of Title One; 
(2) Title Three; and 
(3) Articles II, III, V and VI of Title Four. 
(b) Upon receipt of notice of termination pursuant to Section 443, 
the Government of the United States and the Grovemment so termi-
nating shall promptly consult with regard to their future relation-
ship. These consultations shall determine the level of economic 
assistance which the Government of the United States shall provide 
to the Government so terminating for the period ending on the 
fifteenth anniversary of the effective date of this Compact provided 
that the annual amounts specified in Sections 211, 212, 214, 215 and 
Ante, pp. 1813- 
216 shall continue without diminution. Such amounts, with the 
1815. 
exception of those specified in Section 216, shall be adjusted accord-
Ante, p. 1816. 
ing to the formula set forth in Section 217. 
Section 454 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Compact: 
(a) The Government of the United States reaffirms its continuing 
interest in promoting the long-term economic advancement and self-
sufficiency of the peoples of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1831 
(b) The separate agreements referred to in Article II of the Title 
Three shall remain in effect in accordance with their terms which 
shall also determine the duration of Section 213. 
Ante, p. 1814. 
Article VI 
Definition of Terms 
Section 461 
For the purpose of this Compact only and without prejudice to the 
views of the Government of the United States or the Government of 
the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia as to the 
^u-t, 
nature and extent of the jurisdiction under international law of any 
of them, the following terms shall have the following meanings: 
(a) "Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" mesms the area estab-
lished in the Trusteeship Agreement consisting of the administra-
tive districts of Kosrae, Yap, Ponape, the Marshall Islands and Truk 
-^s -i 
as described in Title One, Trust Territory Code, Section 1, in force 
on January 1, 1979. This term does not include the area of Palau or 
the Northern Mariana Islands. 
(b) "Trusteeship Agreement" means the agreement setting forth 
the terms of trusteeship for the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands, approved by the Security Council of the United Nations 
April 2, 1947, and by the United States July 18, 1947, entered into 
force July 18, 1947, 61 Stat. 3301, T.I.A.S. 1665, 8 U.N.T.S. 189. 
(c) "The Marshall Islands" and "the Federated States of Microne- 
.,., 
sia" are used in a geographic sense and include the land and water 
areas to the outer limits of the territorial sea and the air space 
above such areas as now or hereafter recognized by the Government 
of the United States. 
(d) "Government of the Marshall Islands" means the Government 
established and organized by the Constitution of the Marshall Is-
lands including all the political subdivisions and entities comprising 
that Government. 
"Government of the Federated States of Micronesia" means the 
Government established and organized by the Constitution of the 
Federated States of Micronesia including all the political subdivi-
sions and entities comprising that Government. 
(e) The following terms shall be defined consistent with the 1976 
Edition of the Radio Regulations of the International Telecommuni-
cations Union (ISBN 92-61-0081-5) as follows: 
(1) "Radio Communications" means telecommunication by 
means of radio waves. 
(2) "Station" means one or more transmitters or receivers or a 
combination of transmitters and receivers, including the acces-
sory equipment, necessary at one location for carrying on a 
radio communication service; each station shall be classified by 
the service in which it operates permanently or temporarily. 
(3) "Broadcasting Service" means a radio communication 
service in which the transmissions are intended for direct recep-
tion by the general public, and which may include sound 
transmissions, television transmissions or other tjrpes of 
transmissions. 
(4) "Broadcasting Station" means a station in the broadcast- 
0<iU U. 
ing service. 
•!*• •.' 
t 
99 STAT. 1832 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
(f) "Frequency Assignment" means the same as "Frequency As-
signment" means in the 1976 Edition of the Radio Regulations of 
the International Telecommunications Union (ISBN 92-61-0081-5). 
(g) "Habitual Residence" means a place of general abode or a 
principal, actual dwelling place of a continuing or lasting nature; 
provided, however, that this term shall not apply to the residence of 
any person who entered the United States for the purpose of full-
time studies as long as such person maintains that status, or who 
has been physically present in the United States, the Marshall 
Islands, or the Federated States of Micronesia for less than one year, 
or who is a dependent of a resident representative, as described in 
Ante, p. 1806. 
Section 152. 
(h) For the purposes of Article IV of Title One of this Compact: 
(1) "Actual Residence" means physical presence in the Mar-
shall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia during 
eighty-five percent of the period of residency required by Sec-
Ante, p. 1804. 
tion 141(aX3); and 
(2) "Certificate of Actual Residence" means a certificate 
issued to a naturalized citizen by the Government which has 
naturalized him stating that the citizen has complied with the 
actual residence requirement of Section 141(aX3). 
(i) "Military Areas and Facilities" means those areas and facilities 
in the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia 
reserved or acquired by the Government of the Marshall Islands or 
the Federated States of Micronesia for use by the Government of the 
United States, as set forth in the separate agreements referred to in 
Ante, p. 1824. 
Section 321. 
(j) "Capital Account" means, for each year of the Compact, those 
portions of the total grant assistance provided in Article I of Title 
Ante, p. 1816. 
Two, adjusted by Section 217, which are to be obligated for: 
(1) the construction or major repair of capital infrastructure; 
or 
(2) public and private sector projects identified in the official 
overall economic development plan. 
(k) "Current Account" means, for each year of the Compact, those 
portions of the total grant assistance provided in Article I of Title 
Two, adjusted by Section 217, which are to be obligated for recurring 
operational activities including infrastructure maintenance as 
identified in the annual budget justifications submitted yearly to the 
Government of the United States. 
(1) "Official Overall Economic Development Han" means the 
documented program of annual development which identifies the 
specific policy and project activities necessary to achieve a specified 
set of economic goals and objectives during the period of free 
association, consistent with the economic assistance authority in 
Title Two. Such a document should include an analysis of population 
trends, manpower requirements, social needs, gross national product 
estimates, resource utilization, infrastructure needs and expendi-
tures, and the specific private sector projects required to develop the 
local economy of the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia. Project identification should include initial cost esti-
mates, with project purposes related to specific development goals 
and objectives. 
(m) "Tariff Schedules of the United States" means the Tariff 
19 use 1202. 
Schedules of the United States as amended from time to time and as 
promulgated pursuant to United States law and includes the Tariff 
Schedules of the United States Annotated (TSUSA), as amended. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1833 
(n) "Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations" means the 
Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations, done April 18,1961, 23 
U.S.T. 3227, T.LA.S. 7502. 500 U.N.T.S. 95. 
Section 462 
The Grovemment of the United States and the Government of the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia, as appro-
priate, shall conclude related agreements which shall come into 
effect and shall survive in accordance with their terms, as follows: 
(a) Agreement Regarding the Provision of Telecommunication 
Services by the Government of the United States to the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia Concluded Pursuant 
to Section 131 of the Compact of Free Association; 
Ante, p. 1803. 
(b) Agreement Regarding the Operation of Telecommunication 
Services of the Government of the United States in the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia Concluded Pursuant 
to Section 132 of the Compact of Free Association; 
Ante, p. 1804. 
(c) Agreement on Extradition, Mutual Assistance in Law Enforce-
ment Matters and Penal Sanctions Concluded Pursuant to Section 
175 of the Compact of Free Association; 
Ante, p. 1812. 
(d) Agreement Between the Government of the United States and 
the Grovemment of the Marshall Islands for the Implementation of 
Section 177 of the Compact of Free Association; 
Ante, p. 1812. 
(e) Federal Programs and Services Agreement Concluded Pursu-
ant to Article 11 of Title Two and Section 232 of the Compact of Free 
Association; 
Ante, p. 1818. 
(f) Agreement Concluded Pursuant to Section 234 of the Compact 
of Free Association; 
Ante, p. 1819. 
(g) Agreement Regarding the Military Use and Operating Rights 
of the Government of the United States in the Marshall Islands 
Concluded Pursuant to Sections 321 and 323 of the Compact of Free 
Association; 
Ante, p. 1824. 
(h) Agreement Hoarding the Military Use and Operating Rights 
of the Government of the United States in the Federated States of 
Micronesia Concluded Pursuant to Sections 227, 321 and 323 of the 
Compact of Free Association; 
Ante, pp. 1818, 
(i) Status of Forces Agreement Concluded Pursuant to Section 323 
1824. 
of the Compact of Free Association; 
(j) Agreement Between the Government of the United States and 
the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia Regarding 
Friendship, Cooperation and Mutual Security Concluded Pursuant 
to Sections 321 and 323 of the Compact of Free Association; and 
(k) Agreement Between the Government of the United States and 
the Government of the Marshall Islands Regarding Mutual Security 
Concluded Pursuant to Sections 321 and 323 of the Compact of Free 
Association. 
Section 463 
(a) Except as set forth in Section 463(b), any reference in this 
Compact to a provision of the United States Code or the Statutes at 
Large of the United States constitutes the incorporation of the 
language of such provision into this Compact, as such provision was 
in force on January 1,1980. 
Qi) Any reference in Article VI of Title One and Sections 131,174, 
Ante, pp. 1803, 
175, 178 and 342 to a provision of the United States Code or the 
1810. 
Statutes at Large of the United States or to the Privacy Act, the 
fg^/f flis 
' 
Freedom of Information Act or the Administrative Procedure Act 
5 usc 552a note. 
5 USC 552 note, 
prec. 551. 
99 STAT. 1834 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
constitutes the incorporation of the language of such provision into 
this Compact as such provision is in force on the effective date of 
this Compact or as it may be amended thereafter on a non-discrimi-
natory basis according to the constitutional processes of the United 
States. 
Article VII 
Concluding Provisions 
Section 471 
(a) The Government of the United States and the Governments of 
the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia agree 
that they have full authority under their respective Constitutions to 
enter into this Compact and its related agreements and to fulfill all 
of their respective responsibilities in accordance with the terms of 
this Compact and its related agreements. The Governments pledge 
that they are so committed. 
(b) Each of the Governments of the United States, the Marshall 
Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia shall take all nec-
essary steps, of a general or particular character, to ensure, not 
later than the effective date of this Compact, the conformity of its 
laws, regulations and administrative procedures with the provisions 
of this Compact. 
(c) Without prejudice to the effects of this Compact under inter-
nationsd law, this Compact has the force and effect of a statute 
under the laws of the United States. 
Section 472 
This Compact may be accepted, by signature or otherwise, by the 
Government of the United States, the (government of the Marshall 
Islands, and the Grovernment of the Federated States of Micronesia. 
Each Government accepting this Compact shall possess an original 
English language version. 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, duly authorized, have 
signed this Compact of Free Association which shall come into effect 
in accordance with its terms between the Grovernment of the United 
States and each of the other Governments signatory to this 
Compact. 
DONE AT HONOLULU, HAWAII, THIS 1ST DAY OF 
OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND, NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-TWO 
FOR THE GOVERNMENT 
OF 
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AMBASSADOR FRED M. ZEDER, II 
PRESIDENT'S PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE 
FOR MICRONESIAN STATUS NEGOTIATIONS 
n !>ai lis 4'^}/' (-,•/'"ifolO' 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1835 
DONE AT HONOLULU, HAWAII, THIS 1ST DAY OF 
OCTOBER, ONE THOUSAND, NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-TWO 
FOR THE GOVERNMENT 
OF 
THE FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA 
HONORABLE ANDON L. AMARAICH 
CHAIRMAN, COMMISSION ON FUTURE 
POLITICAL STATUS AND TRANSITION 
DONE AT MAJURO, MARSHALL ISLANDS, THIS 25TH DAY 
OF JUNE, ONE THOUSAND, NINE HUNDRED, EIGHTY-THREE 
FOR THE GOVERNMENT 
- - 
OP 
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 
AMBASSADOR FRED M. ZEDER, II 
PRESIDENT'S PERSONAL REPRESENTATIVE 
FOR MICRONESIAN STATUS NEGOTIATIONS 
DONE AT MAJURO, MARSHALL ISLANDS, THIS 25TH DAY 
OF JUNE, ONE THOUSAND, NINE HUNDRED EIGHTY-THREE 
FOR THE GOVERNMENT 
OF 
THE MARSHALL ISLANDS 
PRESIDENT AMATA KABUA 
PRESIDENT OF THE REPUBLIC 
OF THE MARSHALL ISLANDS 
SEC. 202. JURISDICTION. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) With respect to section 321 of the Compact of Free Association 
^„^g p ^324 
and its related agreements, the jurisdictional provisions set forth in 
subsection (b) of this section shall apply only to the citizens and 
nationals of the United States and aliens lawfully admitted to the 
United States for permanent residence who are in the Marshall 
Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia. 
(b)(1) The defense sites of the United States established in the 
Marshall Islands or the Federated States of Micronesia in accord-
ance with the Compact of Free Association and its related agree-
ments are within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of 
the United States as set forth in section 7, title 18, United States 
Code. 
(2) Any person referred to in subsection (a) of this section who Hawaii. 
within or upon such defense sites is guilty of any act or omission 
which, although not made punishable by any enactment of Con 
gress, would be punishable if committed or omitted within the 
jurisdiction of the State of Hawaii by the laws thereof, in force at 
99 STAT. 1836 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
Courts, U.S. 
Hawaii. 
Hawaii. 
28 u s e 631 et 
seq. 
98 Stat. 3138. 
48 u s e 1681 
note. 
the time of such act or omission, shall be guilty of a like offense and 
subject to a like punishment. 
(3) The United States District Court for the District of Hawaii 
shall have jurisdiction to try all criminal offenses against the United 
States, including the laws of the State of Hawaii made applicable to 
the defense sites in the Marshall Islands or the Federated States of 
Micronesia by virtue of paragraph (2) of this subsection, committed 
by any person referred to in subsection (a) of this section. 
(4) The United States District Court for the District of Hawaii may 
appoint one or more magistrates for the defense sites in the Mar-
shall Islands. Such Magistrates shall have the power and the status 
of Magistrates appointed pursuant to chapter 43, title 28, United 
States Code, provided, however that such Magistrates shall have the 
power to try persons accused of and sentence persons convicted of 
petty offenses, as defined in section 1(3), title 18, United States Code, 
including violations of regulations for the maintenance of peace, 
order, and health issued by the Commanding Officer on such defense 
sites, without being subject to the restrictions provided for in section 
3401(b), title 18, United States Code. 
TITLE m—PACIFIC POUCY REPORTS 
SEC. 301. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds that— 
(1) the United States does not have a clearly defined policy for 
United States noncontiguous Pacific areas (including the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, American 
Samoa, Guam, the State of Hawaii, and the State of Alaska) and 
for United 
States-associated 
noncontiguous Pacific 
areas 
(including the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall 
Islands, and Palau); 
(2) the Federal Government has often failed to consider the 
implications for, effects on, and potential of noncontiguous Pa-
cific areas in the formulation and conduct of foreign and domes-
tic policy, to the detriment of both the attainment of the 
objectives of Federal policy and noncontiguous Pacific areas; 
(3) policies and prc^ams designed for the United States as a 
whole may impose inappropriate standards on noncontiguous 
Pacific areas because of their unique circumstances and needs; 
and 
(4) the present Federal organizational arrangements for liai-
son with (and providing assistance to) the insular areas may not 
be adequate— 
(A) to coordinate the delivery of Federal programs and 
services to noncontiguous Pacific areas; 
(B) to provide a consistent basis for administration of 
programs; 
(C) to adapt policy to the special requirements of each 
area and modify the application of Federal programs, laws, 
and regulations accordingly; 
(D) to be responsive to the (Congress in the discharge of its 
responsibilities; and 
(E) to attain the international obligations of the United 
States. 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1837 
SEC. 302. REPORTS. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) SUBMISSION.—Not later than one year after the date of the 
enactment of this joint resolution and each five years thereafter, the 
Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the Secretary of State, 
shall submit to the Congress and the President a report on United 
States noncontiguous Pacific areas policy together with such rec-
ommendations as may be necessary to accomplish the objectives of 
such policy. 
(b) CONTENTS.—The reports required in subsection (a) of this 
section shall set forth clearly defined policies regarding United 
States, and United States associated, noncontiguous Pacific areas, 
including— 
(1) the role of and impacts on the noncontiguous Pacific areas 
in the formulation and conduct of foreign policy; 
(2) the applicability of standards contained in Federal laws, 
regulations, and programs to the noncontiguous Pacific areas 
and any modifications which may be necessary to achieve the 
intent of such laws, regulations, and programs consistent with 
the unique character of the noncontiguous Pacific areas; 
(3) the effectiveness of the Federal executive organizational 
arrangements for— 
(A) providing liaison between the Federal Government 
and the governments of the noncontiguous Pacific areas; 
(B) coordinating Federal actions in a manner which rec-
ognizes the unique circumstances and needs of the non-
contiguous Pacific areas; and 
(C) achieving the objective of Federal policy and ensuring 
that the Congress receives the information necessary to 
discharge its responsibilities; and 
(4) actions which may be needed to facilitate the economic and 
social health and development of the noncontiguous Pacific 
areas, consistent with their self-determined objectives. 
SEC. 303. CONFERENCE. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) MEETING.—Prior to submitting the reports required under 
Reports. 
section 302(b), the Secretary of the Interior, in consultation with the 
Secretary of State, shall convene a conference to obtain the views of 
the noncontiguous Pacific areas on the matters required to be 
addressed in such reports. 
(b) PARTICIPANTS.—Representatives of each of the noncontiguous 
Pacific areas; and the heads of all executive departments and agen-
cies, and other public gmd private organizations concerned with the 
noncontiguous Pacific areas as requested by the Secretary of the 
Interior shall be entitled to be participants in the conference. 
(c) WRITTEN COMMENTS.—The Secretary of the Interior shall 
afford participants in the conference an opportunity to submit 
written comments for inclusion in the reports required under sec-
tion 302. 
SEC. 304. ADMINISTRATIVE MATTERS. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT.—The Secretary of the Interior shall "°*® 
provide all necessary administrative support to accomplish the 
requirements of sections 302 and 303. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OP APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out the 
provisions of this title. 
99 STAT. 1838 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
48 u s e 1681 
note. 
Ante, p. 1820. 
President of U.S. 
98 Stat. 3020. 
Tuna fish. 
Imports. 
19 u s e 1202. 
Prohibitions. 
98 Stat. 3020. 
Ante, p. 1820. 
Imports. 
TITLE IV—CLARIFICATION OF CERTAIN TRADE AND TAX 
PROVISIONS OF THE COMPACT 
SEC. 401. FREELY ASSOCIATED STATES TARIFF TREATMENT. 
(a) SECTION 242.—Section 242 of the Compact shall be construed 
and applied as if it read as follows: 
"Section 242 
"The President shall proclaim the following tariff treatment for 
articles imported from the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
Marshall Islands which shall apply during the period of effectivenss 
of this title: 
"(1) Unless otherwise excluded, articles imported from the 
Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands, subject 
to the limitations imposed under sections 503(b) and 504(c) of 
title 5 of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 U.S.C. 2463(b); 2464(c)), shall 
be exempt from duty. 
"(2) Only canned tuna provided for in item 112.30 of the Tariff 
Schedules of the United States that is imported from the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia and the Marshall Islands during 
any calendar year not to exceed 10 percent of the United States 
consumption of canned tuna during the immediately preceding 
calendar year, as reported by the National Marine Fisheries 
Service, shall be exempt from duty; but the quantity of tuna 
given duty free treatment under this paragraph for any cal-
endar year shall be counted against the aggregate quantity of 
canned tuna that is dutiable under rate column numbered 1 of 
such item 112.30 for that calendar year. 
"(3) The duty-free treatment provided under paragraph (1) 
shall not apply to— 
"(A) watches, clocks, and timing apparatus provided for 
in subpart E of part 2 of schedule 7 of the Tariff Schedules 
of the United States; 
"(B) buttons (whether finished or not finished) provided 
for in item 745.32 of such Schedules; 
"(C) textile and apparel articles which are subject to 
textile agreements; and 
"(D) footwear, handbags, luggage, flat goods, work gloves, 
and leather wearing apparel which were not eligible arti-
cles for purposes of chapter V of the Trade Act of 1974 (19 
U.S.C. 2461, et seq.) on April 1,1984. 
"(4) If the cost or value of materials produced in the customs 
territory of the United States is included with respect to an 
eligible article which is a product of the Federated States of 
Micronesia or the Marshall Islands, an amount not to exceed 15 
percent of the appraised value of the article at the time it is 
entered that is attributable to such United States cost or value 
may be applied for duty assessment purposes toward determin-
ing the percentage referred to in section 503(bX2) of title V of 
the Trade Act of 1974.". 
(b) SECTION 243.—Section 243 of the Compact shall be construed 
and applied as if it read as follows: 
"Section 243 
"Articles imported from the Federated States of Micronesia or the 
Marshall Islands which are not exempt from duty under paragraphs 
(1), (2), (3), and (4) of section 242 shall be subject to the rates of duty 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1839 
set forth in column numbered 1 of the Tariff Schedules of the 
United States and all products of the United States imported into 19 use 1202. 
the Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands shall 
receive treatment no less favorable than that accorded like products 
of any foreign country with respect to customs duties or charges of a 
similar nature and with respect to laws and regulations relating to 
importation, exportation, taxation, sale, distribution, storage, or 
use.". 
SEC. 402. CONSTRUCTION OF SECTION 253 OF THE COMPACT. 
48 USC 1681 
(a) Subsection (a) of section 253 of the Compact shall not apply. Ante, p. 1820. 
(b) Subsection (b) of section 253 of the Compact shall apply only to 
individuals who are nonresidents and not citizens of the United 
States. 
SEC. 403. CONSTRUCTION OF SECTION 254 OF THE COMPACT. 
48 USC 1681 
The relief from liability referred to in the second sentence of 
section 254(a) of the Compact means only— 
Ante, p. 1821. 
(1) relief in the form of the foreign tax credit (or deduction in 
lieu thereof) available with respect to the income taxes of a 
possession of the United States, and 
(2) relief in the form of the exclusion under section 911 of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1954. 
26 use 9ii. 
SEC. 404. CONSTRUCTION OF SECTION 255 OF THE COMPACT. 
48 USC 1681 
Section 255 of the (Ilompact shall be construed and applied as if it ^nte, p. 1821. 
read as follows: 
"Section 255 
:, 
"(a) EXTENSION OF SECTION 936 TO THE MARSHALL ISLANDS AND THE 
" 
FEDERATED STATES OF MICRONESIA.—For purposes of section 936 of 
the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, the Marshall Islands and the 26 use 936. 
Federated States of Micronesia shall be treated as if they were 
possessions of the United States. 
"(b) EXCHANGE OF INFORMATION.—Subsection (a) shall not apply to 
the Marshall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia (as the 
case may be) for any period sifter December 31, 1986, during which 
there is not in effect between the appropriate government and the 
Ignited States an exchange of information agreement of the kind 
described in section 274(hX6XC) (other than clause (ii) thereof) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1954. 
26 use 274. 
"(c) PROCEDURE IF SECTION 936 INCENTIVES REDUCED.—If the tax Taxes. 
incentives extended to the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia under subsection (a) are, at any time during 
which the Compact is in effect, reduced, the Secretary of the Treas-
ury shall negotiate an agreement with the Marshall Islands and the 
Federated States of Micronesia under which, when such agreement 
is approved by law, they will be provided with benefits substantially 
equivalent to such reduction in benefits. If, within the 1 year period 
Eifter the date of the enactment of the Act making the reduction in 
benefits, an agreement negotiated under the preceding sentence is 
not approved by law, the matter shall be submitted to the Arbitra-
tion Board established pursuant to section 424 of the Compact. For Ante, p. 1828. 
purposes of Article V of Title Two of the Compact, the Secretary of 
the Treasury or his delegate shall be the member of such Board 
representing the Government of the United States. Any decision of 
such Board in the matter when approved by law shall be binding on 
the United States, except that such decision rendered is binding 
only as to whether the United States has provided the substantially 
equivalent benefits referred to in this subsection.". 
99 STAT. 1840 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
48 use 1681 
note. 
26 u s e 274. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
Report. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
President of U.S. 
Ante, p. 1827. 
48 use 1681 
note. 
Ante, pp. 1791, 
1835. 
SEC. 405. THE MARSHALL ISLANDS AND THE FEDER4TED STATES OP 
MICRONESIA TREATED AS NORTH AMERICAN AREA. 
For purposes of section 274(hX3XA) of the Internal Revenue Code 
of 1954, the term "North American Area" shall include the Mar-
shall Islands and the Federated States of Micronesia. 
SEC. 406. EFFECTIVE DATE. 
This title shall apply to income earned, and transactions occur-
ring, after September 30, 1985, in taxable years ending after such 
date. 
SEC. 407. STUDY OF TAX PROVISIONS. 
The Secretary of the Treasury or his delegate— 
(1) shall conduct a study of the effects of the tax provisions of 
the Compact (as clarified by the foregoing provisions of this 
title), and 
(2) shall report the results of such study before October 1, 
1987, to the Committee on Ways and Means of the House of 
Representatives and the Committee on Finance of the Senate. 
SEC. 408. COORDINATION WITH OTHER PROVISIONS. 
Nothing in any provision of this joint resolution (other than this 
title) which is inconsistent with any provision of this title shall have 
any force or effect. 
TITLE V—COMPACT OF FREE ASSOCMTION WITH PALAU 
SEC. SOL APPROVAL IN PRINCIPLE. 
(a) Subject to subsection (b) of this section. Congress expresses its 
approval in principle of the Compact of Free Association Between 
the Government of the United States of America and the Govern-
ment of the Republic of Palau, the text of which was printed in the 
Congressional Record of November 14, 1985 on pages SI 
5622 
through SI 
5628, inclusive, and which is also printed as Committee 
Print No. 4 of the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs of the 
House of Representatives of the 99th Congress. 
(b) A Compact with Palau after it is transmitted to Congress by 
the President shall take effect only upon^ 
(1) a certification by the President to the Congress that the 
Republic of Palau has approved a Compact in accordance with 
section 411 of the Compact described in subsection (a) and that 
the President has determined that the United States will be 
able to carry out fully its rights and responsibilities under Title 
Three of the Compact described in subsection (a) and the 
subsidiary agreements thereto; and 
(2) enactment by the Congress of a joint resolution approving 
a compact and providing for its implementation. 
SEC. 502. MODIFICATIONS OF COMPACT. 
Title IV and Sections 105 (b), 105(c), 105(hXl), 105(1), and 202 of 
this joint resolution shall apply to a compact with Palau, except that 
any reference in such sections to the (Compact shall be treated as 
referring to the Compact described in section 501 of this joint 
PUBLIC LAW 99-239—JAN. 14, 1986 
99 STAT. 1841 
resolution, and any reference in such Title and sections to the 
Ante, p. 1840. 
Federated States of Micronesia or the Marshall Islands shall be 
treated as referring to the Republic of Palau. For purposes of 
applying section 242(2) of the Compact, the annual 10 percent 
Ante, p. 1820. 
limitation on duty-free imports of canned tuna applies to imports 
from the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and 
the Republic of Palau. 
Approved January 14, 1986. 
¥lLt* 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.J. Res. 187 (S.J. Res. 77): 
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 99-188, Pt. I (Comm. on Foreign Affairs), Pt. II (Comm. on 
Interior and Insular Affairs), Pt. Ill (Comm. on Merchant Marine 
and Fisheries), and Pt. IV (Comm. on Ways and Means). 
SENATE REPORT No. 99-16 accompanying S.J. Res. 77 (Comm. on Energy and 
Natural Resources). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 131 (1985): 
July 25, considered and passed House. 
Oct. 2, Nov. 14, S.J. Res. 77 considered in Senate. 
Nov. 14, H.J. Res. 187 considered and passed Senate, amended, in lieu of S.J. 
Res. 77. 
Dec. 11, House agreed to Senate amendments with amendment. 
Dec. 13, Senate concurred in House amendment.