Protection of Children From Sexual Predators Act of 1998
PL 105-314 (H.R.3494), enacted 10/30/1998

112 STAT. 2974 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
Oct. 30, 1998 
[H.R. 3494] 
Protection of 
Children From 
Sexual Predators 
Act of 1998. 
18 u s e 1 note. 
Public Law 105-314 
105th Congress 
An Act 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to protect children from sexual abuse 
and exploitation, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—^This Act may be cited as the "Protection 
of Children From Sexual Predators Act of 1998". 
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—^The table of contents for this Act 
is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
TITLE I—PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM PREDATORS 
Sec. 101. Use of interstate facilities to transmit identifying information about a 
minor for criminal sexual purposes. 
Sec. 102. Coercion and enticement. 
Sec. 103. Increased penalties for transportation of minors or assumed minors for 
illegal sexual activity and related crimes. 
Sec. 104. Repeat offenders in transportation offense. 
Sec. 105. Inclusion of offenses relating to child pornography in definition of sexual 
activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense. 
Sec. 106. Transportation generally. 
TITLE II—PROTECTION OF CHILDREN FROM CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 
Sec. 201. Additional jurisdictional base for prosecution of production of child 
pornography. 
Sec. 202. Increased penalties for child pornography offenses. 
Sec. 203. "Zero tolerance" for possession of child pornography. 
TITLE III—SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION 
Sec. 301. Elimination of redundancy and ambiguities. 
Sec. 302. Increased penalties for abusive sexual contact. 
Sec. 303. Repeat offenders in sexual abuse cases. 
TITLE IV—PROHIBITION ON TRANSFER OF OBSCENE MATERIAL TO 
MINORS 
Sec. 401. Transfer of obscene material to minors. 
TITLE V- -INCREASED PENALTIES FOR OFFENSES AGAINST CHILDREN 
AND FOR REPEAT OFFENDERS 
Sec. 501. Death or life in prison for certain offenses whose victims are children. 
Sec. 502. Sentencing enhancement for chapter 117 offenses. 
Sec. 503. Increased penalties for use of a computer in the sexual abuse or exploi-
tation of a child. 
Sec. 504. Increased penalties for knowing misrepresentation in the sexual abuse or 
exploitation of a child. 
Sec. 505. Increased penalties for pattern of activity of sexual exploitation of 
children. 
Sec. 506. Clarification of definition of distribution of pornography. 
Sec. 507. Directive to the United States Sentencing Commission. 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2975 
TITLE VI—CRIMINAL, PROCEDURAL, AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS 
Sec. 601. Pretrial detention of sexual predators. 
Sec. 602. Criminal forfeiture for offenses against minors. 
Sec. 603. Civil forfeiture for offenses against minors. 
Sec. 604. Reporting of child pornography by electronic communication service 
providers. 
Sec. 605. Civil remedy for personal injuries resulting from certain sex crimes 
against children. 
Sec. 606. Administrative subpoenas. 
Sec. 607. Grants to States to offset costs associated with sexually violent offender 
registration requirements. 
TITLE VII—MURDER AND KIDNAPPING INVESTIGATIONS 
Sec. 701. Authority to investigate serial killings. 
Sec. 702. Kidnapping. 
Sec. 703. Morgan P. Hardiman Child Abduction and Serial Murder Investigative 
Resources Center. 
TITLE VIII—RESTRICTED ACCESS TO INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICES 
Sec. 801. Prisoner access. 
Sec. 802. Recommended prohibition. 
Sec. 803. Survey. 
TITLE IX—STUDIES 
Sec. 901. Study on limiting the availability of pornography on the Internet. 
Sec. 902. Study of hotlines. 
TITLE I—PROTECTION OF CHILDREN 
FROM PREDATORS 
SEC. 101. USE OF INTERSTATE FACILITIES TO TRANSMIT IDENTIFYING 
INFORMATION ABOUT A MINOR FOR CRIMINAL SEXUAL 
PURPOSES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 117 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
^'§2425. Use of interstate facilities to transmit information 
about a minor 
"Whoever, using the mail or any facility or means of interstate 
or foreign commerce, or within the special maritime and territorial 
jurisdiction of the United States, knowingly initiates the trans-
mission of the name, address, telephone number, social security 
number, or electronic mail address of another individual, knowing 
that such other individual has not attained the age of 16 years, 
with the intent to entice, encourage, offer, or solicit any person 
to engage in any sexual activity for which any person can be 
charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall be 
fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 5 years, or both.". 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—^The analysis 
for chapter 117 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
"2425. Use of interstate facilities to transmit information about a minor.".\ 
SEC. 102. COERCION AND ENTICEMENT. 
Section 2422 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by inserting "or attempts to do so," before "shall 
be fined"; and 
(B) by striking "five" and inserting "10"; and 
(2) by striking subsection (b) and inserting the following: 
112 STAT. 2976 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
"(b) Whoever, using the mail or any facihty or means of inter-
state or foreign commerce, or within the special maritime and 
territorial jurisdiction of the United States knowingly persuades, 
induces, entices, or coerces any individual who has not attained 
the age of 18 years, to engage in prostitution or any sexual activity 
for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense, 
or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned 
not more than 15 years, or both.". 
SEC. 103. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR TRANSPORTATION OF MINORS 
OR ASSUMED MINORS FOR ILLEGAL SEXUAL ACTIVITY 
AND RELATED CRIMES. 
Section 2423 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: 
"(a) TRANSPORTATION WITH INTENT To ENGAGE IN CRIMINAL 
SEXUAL ACTIVITY.—A person who knowingly transports an individ-
ual who has not attained the age of 18 years in interstate or 
foreign commerce, or in any commonwealth, territory or possession 
of the United States, with intent that the individual engage in 
prostitution, or in any sexual activity for which any person can 
be charged with a criminal offense, or attempts to do so, shall 
be fined under this title, imprisoned not more than 15 years, or 
both."; and 
(2) in subsection (b), by striking "10 years" and inserting 
"15 years". 
SEC. 104. REPEAT OFFENDERS IN TRANSPORTATION OFFENSE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 117 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
''§ 2426. Repeat offenders 
"(a) MAXIMUM TERM OF IMPRISONMENT.—The maximum term 
of imprisonment for a violation of this chapter after a prior sex 
offense conviction shall be twice the term of imprisonment otherwise 
provided by this chapter. 
"(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
"(1) the term 'prior sex offense conviction' means a convic-
tion for an offense— 
"(A) under this chapter, chapter 109A, or chapter 110; 
or 
"(B) under State law for an offense consisting of con-
duct that would have been an offense under a chapter 
referred to in paragraph (1) if the conduct had occurred 
within the special maritime and territorial jurisdiction of 
the United States; and 
"(2) the term 'State' means a State of the United States, 
the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, 
or possession of the United States.". 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—-The analysis 
for chapter 117 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
"2426. Repeat offenders.". 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2977 
SEC. 105. INCLUSION OF OFFENSES RELATING TO CHILD PORNOG-
RAPHY IN DEFINITION OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY FOR WHICH 
ANY 
PERSON CAN BE CHARGED WITH A CRIMINAL 
OFFENSE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 117 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
'^§2427. Inclusion of offenses relating to child pornography 
in definition of sexual activity for which any per-
son can be charged with a criminal offense 
"In this chapter, the term 'sexual activity for which any person 
can be charged with a criminal offense' includes the production 
of child pornography, as defined in section 2256(8).". 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis 
for chapter 117 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
"2427. Inclusion of offenses relating to child pornography in definition of sexual 
activity for which any person can be charged with a criminal offense.". 
SEC. 106. TRANSPORTATION GENERALLY. 
Section 2421 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by inserting "or attempts to do so," before "shall be 
fined"; and 
(2) by striking "five years" and inserting "10 years". 
TITLE II—PROTECTION OF CHILDREN 
FROM CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 
SEC. 201. ADDITIONAL JURISDICTIONAL BASE FOR PROSECUTION OF 
PRODUCTION OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY. 
(a) USE OF A CHILD.—Section 2251(a) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting "if that visual depiction was produced 
using materials that have been mailed, shipped, or transported 
in interstate or foreign commerce by any means, including by com-
puter," before "or if. 
(b) ALLOWING USE OF A CHILD.—Section 2251(b) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by inserting ", if that visual depic-
tion was produced using materials that have been mailed, shipped, 
or transported in interstate or foreign commerce by any means, 
including by computer," before "or if. 
(c) INCREASED PENALTIES IN SECTION 2251(d).—Section 2251(d) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking "or chapter 
109A" each place it appears and inserting ", chapter 109A, or 
chapter 117". 
SEC. 202. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR CHILD PORNOGRAPHY 
OFFENSES. 
(a) INCREASED PENALTIES IN SECTION 2252.—Section 2252(b) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking "or chapter 
109A" and inserting ", chapter 109A, or chapter 117"; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking "the possession of child 
pornography" and inserting "aggravated sexual abuse, sexual 
abuse, or abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward, 
or the production, possession, receipt, mailing, sale, distribu-
tion, shipment, or transportation of child pornography". 
112 STAT. 2978 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
(b) INCREASED PENALTIES IN SECTION 2252A.—Section 2252A(b) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking "or chapter 
109A" and inserting ", chapter 109A, or chapter 117"; and 
(2) in paragraph (2), by striking "the possession of child 
pornography" and inserting "aggravated sexual abuse, sexual 
abuse, or abusive sexual conduct involving a minor or ward, 
or the production, possession, receipt, mailing, sale, distribu-
tion, shipment, or transportation of child pornography". 
SEC. 203. "ZERO TOLERANCE" FOR POSSESSION OF CHILD PORNOG-
RAPHY. 
(a) 
MATERIAL 
INVOLVING 
THE 
SEXUAL 
EXPLOITATION OF 
MINORS.—Section 2252 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(4), by striking "3 or more" each place 
that term appears and inserting "1 or more"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(c) AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE.—It shall be an affirmative defense 
to a charge of violating paragraph (4) of subsection (a) that the 
defendant— 
"(1) possessed less than three matters containing any visual 
depiction proscribed by that paragraph; and 
"(2) promptly and in good faith, and without retaining 
or allowing any person, other than a law enforcement agency, 
to access any visual depiction or copy thereof— 
"(A) took reasonable steps to destroy each such visual 
depiction; or 
"(B) reported the matter to a law enforcement agency 
and afforded that agency access to each such visual depic-
tion.". 
(b) MATERIAL CONSTITUTING OR CONTAINING CHILD PORNOG-
RAPHY.—Section 2252A of title 
18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(5), by striking "3 or more images" 
each place that term appears and inserting "an image"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(d) AFFIRMATIVE DEFENSE.—It shall be an affirmative defense 
to a charge of violating subsection (a)(5) that the defendant— 
"(1) possessed less than three images of child pornography; 
and 
"(2) promptly and in good faith, and without retaining 
or allowing any person, other than a law enforcement agency, 
to access any image or copy thereof— 
"(A) took reasonable steps to destroy each such image; 
or 
"(B) reported the matter to a law enforcement agency 
and afforded that agency access to each such image.". 
TITLE III—SEXUAL ABUSE PREVENTION 
SEC. 301. ELIMINATION OF REDUNDANCY AND AMBIGUITIES. 
(a) MAKING CONSISTENT LANGUAGE ON AGE DIFFERENTIAL.— 
Section 2241(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
striking "younger than that person" and inserting "younger than 
the person so engaging". 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2979 
(b) REDUNDANCY.—Section 2243(a) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by striking "crosses a State line with intent 
to engage in a sexual act with a person who has not attained 
the age of 12 years, or". 
(c) STATE DEFINED.—Section 2246 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (5), by striking the period at the end 
and inserting "; and"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(6) the term 'State' means a State of the United States, 
the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, possession, 
or territory of the United States.". 
SEC. 302. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR ABUSIVE SEXUAL CONTACT. 
Section 2244 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
"(c) OFFENSES INVOLVING YOUNG CHILDREN.—If the sexual con-
tact that violates this section is with an individual who has not 
attained the age of 12 years, the maximum term of imprisonment 
that may be imposed for the offense shall be twice that otherwise 
provided in this section.". 
SEC. 
3
0
3
. 
REPEAT 
OFFENDERS 
IN 
SEXUAL 
ABUSE 
CASES. 
Section 2247 of title 18, United States Code, is amended to 
read as follows: 
''§ 2247. Repeat offenders 
"(a) MAXIMUM TERM OF IMPRISONMENT.—^The maximum term 
of imprisonment for a violation of this chapter after a prior sex 
offense conviction shall be twice the term otherwise provided by 
this chapter. 
"(b) PRIOR SEX OFFENSE CONVICTION DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term 'prior sex offense conviction' has the meaning given that 
term in section 2426(b).". 
TITLE IV—PROHIBITION ON TRANSFER 
OF OBSCENE MATERIAL TO MINORS 
SEC. 401. TRANSFER OF OBSCENE MATERIAL TO MINORS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 71 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"§ 1470. Transfer of obscene material to minors 
"Whoever, using the mail or any facility or means of interstate 
or foreign commerce, knowingly transfers obscene matter to another 
individual who has not attained the age of 16 years, knowing 
that such other individual has not attained the age of 16 years, 
or attempts to do so, shall be fined under this title, imprisoned 
not more than 10 years, or both.". 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—^The analysis 
for chapter 71 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
"1470. Transfer of obscene material to minors.". 
' 
112 STAT. 2980 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
TITLE V—INCREASED PENALTIES FOR 
OFFENSES AGAINST CHILDREN AND 
FOR REPEAT OFFENDERS 
28 use 994 note. 
SEC. 501. DEATH OR LIFE IN PRISON FOR CERTAIN OFFENSES WHOSE 
VICTIMS ARE CHILDREN. 
Section 3559 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
"(d) 
DEATH OR IMPRISONMENT FOR CRIMES AGAINST CHIL-
DREN.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2) and notwith-
standing any other provision of law, a person who is convicted 
of a Federal offense that is a serious violent felony (as defined 
in subsection (c)) or a violation of section 2422, 2423, or 2251 
shall, unless the sentence of death is imposed, be sentenced 
to imprisonment for life, if— 
"(A) the victim of the offense has not attained the 
age of 14 years; 
"(B) the victim dies as a result of the offense; and 
"(C) the defendant, in the course of the offense, engages 
in conduct described in section 3591(a)(2). 
"(2) EXCEPTION.—^With respect to a person convicted of 
a Federal offense described in paragraph (1), the court may 
impose any lesser sentence that is authorized by law to take 
into account any substantial assistance provided by the defend-
ant in the investigation or prosecution of another person who 
has committed an offense, in accordance with the Federal 
Sentencing Guidelines and the policy statements of the Federal 
Sentencing Commission pursuant to section 994(p) of title 28, 
or for other good cause.". 
28 use 944 note. 
SEC. 502. SENTENCING ENHANCEMENT FOR CHAPTER 117 OFFENSES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) 
of title 28, United States Code, the United States Sentencing 
Commission shall review and amend the Federal Sentencing Guide-
lines to provide a sentencing enhancement for offenses under chap-
ter 117 of title 18, United States Code. 
(b) INSTRUCTION TO COMMISSION.—In carrying out subsection 
(a), the United States Sentencing Commission shall ensure that 
the sentences, guidelines, and policy statements for offenders con-
victed of offenses described in subsection (a) are appropriately 
severe and reasonably consistent with other relevant directives 
and with other Federal Sentencing Guidelines. 
28 use 944 note. 
SEC. 503. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR USE OF A COMPUTER IN THE 
SEXUAL ABUSE OR EXPLOITATION OF A CHILD. 
Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United 
States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall— 
(1) review the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for— 
(A) aggravated sexual abuse under section 2241 of 
title 18, United States Code; 
(B) sexual abuse under section 2242 of title 18, United 
States Code; 
(C) sexual abuse of a minor or ward under section 
2243 of title 18, United States Code; and 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2981 
(D) coercion and enticement of a minor under section 
2422(b) of title 18, United States Code, contacting a minor 
under section 2422(c) of title 18, United States Code, and 
transportation of minors and travel under section 2423 
of title 18, United States Code; and 
(2) upon completion of the review under paragraph (1), 
promulgate amendments to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines 
to provide appropriate enhancement if the defendant used a 
computer with the intent to persuade, induce, entice, coerce, 
or facilitate the transport of a child of an age specified in 
the applicable provision of law referred to in paragraph (1) 
to engage in any prohibited sexual activity. 
SEC. 504. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR KNOWING MISREPRESENTATION 
28 USC 944 note. 
IN THE SEXUAL ABUSE OR EXPLOITATION OF A CHILD. 
Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United 
States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall— 
(1) review the Federal Sentencing Guidelines on aggravated 
sexual abuse under section 2241 of title 18, United States 
Code, sexual abuse under section 2242 of title 18, United States 
Code, sexual abuse of a minor or ward under section 2243 
of title 18, United States Code, coercion and enticement of 
a minor under section 2422(b) of title 18, United States Code, 
contacting a minor under section 2422(c) of title 18, United 
States Code, and transportation of minors and travel under 
section 2423 of title 18, United States Code; and 
(2) upon completion of the review under paragraph (1), 
promulgate amendments to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines 
to provide appropriate enhancement if the defendant knowingly 
misrepresented the actual identity of the defendant with the 
intent to persuade, induce, entice, coerce, or facilitate the trans-
port of a child of an age specified in the applicable provision 
of law referred to in paragraph (1) to engage in a prohibited 
sexual activity. 
SEC. 505. INCREASED PENALTIES FOR PATTERN OF ACTIVITY OF SEX- 
28 USC 944 note. 
UAL EXPLOITATION OF CHILDREN. 
Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United 
States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall— 
(1) review the Federal Sentencing Guidelines on aggravated 
sexual abuse under section 2241 of title 18, United States 
Code, sexual abuse under section 2242 of title 18, United States 
Code, sexual abuse of a minor or ward under section 2243 
of title 18, United States Code, coercion and enticement of 
a minor under section 2422(b) of title 18, United States Code, 
contacting a minor under section 2422(c) of title 18, United 
States Code, and transportation of minors and travel under 
section 2423 of title 18, United States Code; and 
(2) upon completion of the review under paragraph (1), 
promulgate amendments to the Federal Sentencing Guidelines 
to increase penalties applicable to the offenses referred to in 
paragraph (1) in any case in which the defendant engaged 
in a pattern of activity involving the sexual abuse or exploi-
tation of a minor. 
112 STAT. 2982 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
28 use 944 note. 
SEC. 506. CLARIFICATION OF DEFINITION OF DISTRIBUTION OF 
PORNOGRAPHY. 
Pursuant to its authority under section 994(p) of title 28, United 
States Code, the United States Sentencing Commission shall— 
(1) review the Federal Sentencing Guidelines relating to 
the distribution of pornography covered under chapter 110 of 
title 18, United States Code, relating to the sexual exploitation 
and other abuse of children; and 
(2) upon completion of the review under paragraph (1), 
promulgate such amendments to the Federal Sentencing Guide-
lines as are necessary to clarify that the term "distribution 
of pornography" applies to the distribution of pornography— 
(A) for monetary remuneration; or 
(B) for a nonpecuniary interest. 
28 use 944 note. 
SEC. 507. DIRECTIVE TO THE UNITED STATES SENTENCING COMMIS-
SION. 
In carrying out this title, the United States Sentencing Commis-
sion shall— 
(1) with respect to any action relating to the Federal 
Sentencing Guidelines subject to this title, ensure reasonable 
consistency with other guidelines of the Federal Sentencing 
Guidelines; and 
(2) with respect to an offense subject to the Federal 
Sentencing Guidelines, avoid duplicative punishment under the 
Federal Sentencing Guidelines for substantially the same 
offense. 
TITLE VI—CRIMINAL, PROCEDURAL, 
AND ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS 
SEC. 
601. 
PRETRIAL 
DETENTION 
OF 
SEXUAL 
PREDATORS. 
Section 3156(a)(4) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking subparagraph (C) and inserting the following: 
"(C) any felony under chapter 109A, 110, or 117; and". 
SEC. 602. CRIMINAL FORFEITURE FOR OFFENSES AGAINST MINORS. 
Section 2253 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
striking "or 2252 of this chapter" and inserting "2252, 2252A, or 
2260 of this chapter, or who is convicted of an offense under section 
2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 117,". 
SEC. 603. CIVIL FORFEITURE FOR OFFENSES AGAINST MINORS. 
Section 2254(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (2), by striking "or 2252 of this chapter" 
and inserting "2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter, or used 
or intended to be used to commit or to promote the commission 
of an offense under section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 
117,"; and 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking "or 2252 of this chapter" 
and inserting "2252, 2252A, or 2260 of this chapter, or obtained 
from a violation of section 2421, 2422, or 2423 of chapter 
117,". 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2983 
SEC. 604. REPORTING OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY BY ELECTRONIC 
COMMUNICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Victims of Child Abuse Act of 1990 
(42 U.S.C. 13001 et seq.) is amended by inserting after section 
226 the following: 
"SEC. 227. REPORTING OF CHILD PORNOGRAPHY BY ELECTRONIC 
42 USC 13032. 
COMMUNICATION SERVICE PROVIDERS. 
"(a) DEFINITIONS.—In this section— 
"(1) the term 'electronic communication service' has the 
meaning given the term in section 2510 of title 18, United 
States Code; and 
"(2) the term 'remote computing service' has the meaning 
given the term in section 2711 of title 18, United States Code. 
"(b) REQUIREMENTS.— 
"(1) DUTY TO REPORT.—^Whoever, while engaged in provid-
ing an electronic communication service or a remote computing 
service to the public, through a facility or means of interstate 
or foreign commerce, obtains knowledge of facts or cir-
cumstances from which a violation of section 2251, 225 lA, 
2252, 2252A, or 2260 of title 18, United States Code, involving 
child pornography (as defined in section 2256 of that title), 
is apparent, shall, as soon as reasonably possible, make a 
report of such facts or circumstances to a law enforcement 
agency or agencies designated by the Attorney General. 
"(2) DESIGNATION OF AGENCIES.—Not later than 180 days 
after the date of enactment of this section, the Attorney General 
shall designate the law enforcement agency or agencies to which 
a report shall be made under paragraph (1). 
"(3) FAILURE TO REPORT.—^A provider of electronic commu-
nication services or remote computing services described in 
paragraph (1) who knowingly and willfully fails to make a 
report under that paragraph shall be fined— 
"(A) in the case of an initial failure to make a report, 
not more than $50,000; and 
"(B) in the case of any second or subsequent failure 
to make a report, not more than $100,000. 
"(c) CIVIL LIABILITY.—No provider or user of an electronic 
communication service or a remote computing service to the public 
shall be held liable on account of any action taken in good faith 
to comply with this section. 
"(d) LIMITATION OF INFORMATION OR MATERIAL REQUIRED IN 
REPORT.—^A report under subsection (b)(1) may include additional 
information or material developed by an electronic communication 
service or remote computing service, except that the Federal 
Government may not require the production of such information 
or material in that report. 
"(e) MONITORING NOT REQUIRED.—Nothing in this section may 
be construed to require a provider of electronic communication 
services or remote computing services to engage in the monitoring 
of any user, subscriber, or customer of that provider, or the content 
of any communication of any such person. 
"(f) CONDITIONS OF DISCLOSURE OF INFORMATION CONTAINED 
WITHIN REPORT.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—^No law enforcement agency that receives 
a report under subsection (b)(1) shall disclose any information 
59-194 O-98-8 :QL3 Part 5 
112 STAT. 2984 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
contained in that report, except that disclosure of such informa-
tion may be made— 
"(A) to an attorney for the government for use in the 
performance of the official duties of the attorney; 
"(B) to such officers and emplpyees of the law enforce-
ment agency, as may be necessary in the performance 
of their investigative and recordkeeping functions; 
"(C) to such other government personnel (including 
personnel of a State or subdivision of a State) as are 
determined to be necessary by an attorney for the govern-
ment to assist the attorney in the performance of the 
official duties of the attorney in enforcing Federal criminal 
law; or 
"(D) as permitted by a court at the request of an 
attorney for the government, upon a showing that such 
information may disclose a violation of State criminal law, 
to an appropriate official of a State or subdivision of a 
State for the purpose of enforcing such State law. 
"(2) DEFINITIONS.—In this subsection, the terms 'attorney 
for the government' and 'State' have the meanings given those 
terms in Rule 54 of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure.". 
(b) 
EXCEPTION 
TO PROHIBITION 
ON DISCLOSURE.—Section 
2702(b)(6) of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read 
as follows: 
"(6) to a law enforcement agency— 
"(A) if the contents— 
"(i) were inadvertently obtained by the service pro-
vider; and 
"(ii) appear to pertain to the commission of a crime; 
or 
"(B) if required by section 227 of the Crime Control 
Act of 1990.". 
SEC. 605. CIVIL REMEDY FOR PERSONAL INJURIES RESULTING FROM 
CERTAIN SEX CRIMES AGAINST CHILDREN. 
Section 2255(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "2251 or 2252" and inserting "2241(c), 2242, 2243, 
2251, 225 lA, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423". 
SEC. 606. ADMINISTRATIVE SUBPOENAS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 223 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended— 
(1) in section 3486, by striking the section designation 
and heading and inserting the following: 
'^§3486. Administrative subpoenas in Federal health care 
investigations"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
'*§ 3486A. Administrative subpoenas in cases involving child 
abuse and child sexual exploitation 
"(a) AUTHORIZATION.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—In any investigation relating to any act 
or activity involving a violation of section 1201, 2241(c), 2242, 
2243, 2251, 225lA, 2252, 2252A, 2260, 2421, 2422, or 2423 
of this title in which the victim is an individual who has 
not attained the age of 18 years, the Attorney General, or 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2985 
the designee of the Attorney General, may issue in writing 
and cause to be served a subpoena— 
"(A) requiring a provider of electronic communication 
service or remote computing service to disclose the name, 
address, local and long distance telephone toll billing 
records, telephone number or other subscriber number or 
identity, and length of service of a subscriber to or customer 
of such service and the types of services the subscriber 
or customer utilized, which may be relevant to an author-
ized law enforcement inquiry; or 
"(B) requiring a custodian of records to give testimony 
concerning the production and authentication of such 
records or information. 
"(2) ATTENDANCE OF WITNESSES.—^Witnesses summoned Fees. 
under this section shall be paid the same fees and mileage 
that are paid witnesses in the courts of the United States. 
"(b) PROCEDURES APPLICABLE.—^The same procedures for service 
and enforcement as are provided with respect to investigative 
demands in section 3486 apply with respect to a subpoena issued 
under this section.". 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—^The analysis 
for chapter 223 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by 
striking the item relating to section 3486 and inserting the 
following: 
"3486. Administrative subpoenas in Federal health care investigations. 
"3486A. Administrative subpoenas in cases involving child abuse and child sexual 
exploitation.". 
SEC. 607. GRANTS TO STATES TO OFFSET COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH 
SEXUALLY 
VIOLENT 
OFFENDER 
REGISTRATION 
REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 170101 of the Violent Crime Control 
and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14071) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the second subsection designated as 
subsection (g) as subsection (h); and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(i) GRANTS TO STATES FOR COSTS OF COMPLIANCE.— 
"(1) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The Director of the Bureau of Jus-
tice Assistance (in this subsection referred to as the 'Direc-
tor') shall carry out a program, which shall be known 
as the 'Sex Offender Management Assistance Program' (in 
this subsection referred to as the 'SOMA program'), under 
which the Director shall award a grant to each eligible 
State to offset costs directly associated with complying 
with this section. 
"(B) USES OF FUNDS.—Each grant awarded under this 
subsection shall be— 
"(i) distributed directly to the State for distribution 
to State and local entities; and 
"(ii) used for training, salaries, equipment, mate-
rials, and other costs directly associated with comply-
ing with this section. 
"(2) ELIGIBILITY.— 
"(A) APPLICATION.—^To be eligible to receive a grant 
under this subsection, the chief executive of a State shall, 
on an annual basis, submit to the Director an application 
112 STAT. 2986 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
(in such form and containing such information as the Direc-
tor may reasonably require) assuring that— 
"(i) the State compUes with (or made a good faith 
effort to comply with) this section; and 
"(ii) where applicable, the State has penalties com-
parable to or greater than Federal penalties for crimes 
listed in this section, except that the Director may 
waive the requirement of this clause if a State dem-
onstrates an overriding need for assistance under this 
subsection. 
"(B) REGULATIONS.— 
Deadline. 
"(i) IN GENERAL.—^Not later than 90 days after 
the date of enactment of this subsection, the Director 
shall promulgate regulations to implement this sub-
section (including the information 
that must be 
included and the requirements that the States must 
meet) in submitting the applications required under 
this subsection. In allocating funds under this sub-
section, the Director may consider the annual number 
of sex offenders registered in each eligible State's mon-
itoring and notification programs. 
"(ii) 
CERTAIN 
TRAINING 
PROGRAMS.—Prior 
to 
implementing this subsection, the Director shall study 
the feasibility of incorporating into the SOMA program 
the activities of any technical assistance or training 
program established as a result of section 40152 of 
this Act. In a case in which incorporating such activi-
ties into the SOMA program will eliminate duplication 
of efforts or administrative costs, the Director shall 
take administrative actions, as allowable, and make 
recommendations to Congress to incorporate such 
activities into the SOMA program prior to implement-
ing the SOMA program. 
"(3) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—^There is author-
ized to be appropriated to carry out this subsection, $25,000,000 
for each of fiscal years 1999 and 2000.". 
Deadline. 
(b) STUDY.—^Not later than March 1, 2000, the Director shall 
42 use 14071 
conduct a study to assess the efficacy of the Sex Offender Manage-
note. 
ment Assistance Program under section 170101(i) of the Violent 
Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 
1407 l(i)), as added by this section, and submit recommendations 
to Congress. 
TITLE VII—MURDER AND KIDNAPPING 
INVESTIGATIONS 
SEC. 701. AUTHORITY TO INVESTIGATE SERIAL KILLINGS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 33 of title 28, United States Code, 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
'*§ 540B. Investigation of serial killings 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—The Attorney General and the Director of 
the Federal Bureau of Investigation may investigate serial killings 
in violation of the laws of a State or political subdivision, if such 
investigation is requested by the head of a law enforcement agency 
with investigative or prosecutorial jurisdiction over the offense. 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2987 
"(b) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: 
"(1) KILLING.—^The term 'killing' means conduct that would 
constitute an offense under section 1111 of title 18, United 
States Code, if Federal jurisdiction existed. 
"(2) SERIAL KILLINGS.—The term 'serial killings' means a 
series of three or more killings, not less than one of which 
was committed within the United States, having common 
characteristics such as to suggest the reasonable possibility 
that the crimes were committed by the same actor or actors. 
"(3) STATE.—^The term 'State' means a State of the United 
States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, terri-
tory, or possession of the United States.", 
(b) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The analysis 
for chapter 33 of title 28, United States Code, is amended by 
adding at the end the following: 
"540B. Investigation of serial killings.". 
SEC. 702. KIDNAPPING. 
(a) 
CLARIFICATION 
OF 
ELEMENT 
OF 
OFFENSE.—Section 
1201(a)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
", regardless of whether the person was alive when transported 
across a State boundary if the person was alive when the transpor-
tation began" before the semicolon. 
(b) TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.—Section 1201(a)(5) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking "designated" and insert-
ing "described". 
(c) 24-HouR RULE.—Section 1201(b) of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by adding at the end the following: "Notwithstand-
ing the preceding sentence, the fact that the presumption under 
this section has not yet taken effect does not preclude a Federal 
investigation of a possible violation of this section before the 24-
hour period has ended.". 
SEC. 703. MORGAN P. HARDIMAN CHILD ABDUCTION AND SERIAL MUR- 
28 USC 531 note. 
DER INVESTIGATIVE RESOURCES CENTER. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—Not later than 90 days after the date Deadline, 
of enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall establish 
within the Federal Bureau of Investigation a Child Abduction and 
Serial Murder Investigative Resources Center to be known as the 
"Morgan P. Hardiman Child Abduction and Serial Murder Inves-
tigative Resources Center" (in this section referred to as the 
"CASMIRC"). 
(b) PURPOSE.—^The CASMIRC shall be managed by the National 
Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime of the Critical Incident 
Response Group of the Federal Bureau of Investigation (in this 
section referred to as the "NCAVC"), and by multidisciplinary 
resource teams in Federal Bureau of Investigation field offices, 
in order to provide investigative support through the coordination 
and provision of Federal law enforcement resources, training, and 
application of other multidisciplinary expertise, to assist Federal, 
State, and local authorities in matters involving child abductions, 
mysterious disappearances of children, child homicide, and serial 
murder across the country. The CASMIRC shall be co-located with 
the NCAVC. 
(c) DUTIES OF THE CASMIRC—The CASMIRC shall perform 
such duties as the Attorney General determines appropriate to 
carry out the purposes of the CASMIRC, including— 
112 STAT. 2988 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
(1) identifying, developing, researching, acquiring, and 
refining multidisciplinary information and specialities to pro-
vide for the most current expertise available to advance inves-
tigative knowledge and practices used in child abduction, mys-
terious disappearances of children, child homicide, and serial 
murder investigations; 
(2) providing advice and coordinating the application of 
current and emerging technical, forensic, and other Federal 
assistance to Federal, State, and local authorities in child 
abduction, mysterious disappearances of children, child homi-
cide, and serial murder investigations; 
(3) providing investigative support, research findings, and 
violent crime analysis to Federal, State, and local authorities 
in child abduction, mysterious disappearances of children, child 
homicide, and serial murder investigations; 
(4) providing, if requested by a Federal, State, or local 
law enforcement agency, on site consultation and advice in 
child abduction, mysterious disappearances of children, child 
homicide and serial murder investigations; 
(5) coordinating the application of resources of pertinent 
Federal law enforcement agencies, and other Federal entities 
including, but not limited to, the United States Customs Serv-
ice, the Secret Service, the Postal Inspection Service, and the 
United States Marshals Service, as appropriate, and with the 
concurrence of the agency head to support Federal, State, and 
local law enforcement involved in child abduction, mysterious 
disappearance of a child, child homicide, and serial murder 
investigations; 
(6) conducting ongoing research related to child abductions, 
mysterious disappearances of children, child homicides, and 
serial 
murder, 
including 
identification 
and 
investigative 
application of current and emerging technologies, identification 
of investigative searching technologies and methods for phys-
ically locating abducted children, investigative use of offender 
behavioral assessment and analysis concepts, gathering statis-
tics and information necessary for case identification, trend 
analysis, and case linkages to advance the investigative 
effectiveness of outstanding abducted children cases, develop 
investigative systems to identify and track serious serial offend-
ers that repeatedly victimize children for comparison to 
unsolved cases, and other investigative research pertinent to 
child abduction, mysterious disappearance of a child, child 
homicide, and serial murder covered in this section; 
(7) working under the NCAVC in coordination with the 
National Center For Missing and Exploited Children and the 
Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the 
Department of Justice to provide appropriate training to Fed-
eral, State, and local law enforcement in matters regarding 
child abductions, mysterious disappearances of children, child 
homicides; and 
(8) establishing a centralized repository based upon case 
data reflecting child abductions, mysterious disappearances of 
children, child homicides and serial murder submitted by State 
and local agencies, and an automated system for the efficient 
collection, retrieval, analysis, and reporting of information 
regarding CASMIRC investigative resources, research, and 
requests for and provision of investigative support services. 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
112 STAT. 2989 
(d) APPOINTMENT OF PERSONNEL TO THE C A S M I R C . — 
(1) SELECTION O F MEMBERS OF THE CASMIRC AND PARTICI-
PATING STATE AND LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL.—^The 
Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation shall appoint 
the members of the CASMIRC. The CASMIRC shall be staffed 
with Federal Bureau of Investigation personnel and other nec-
essary personnel selected for their expertise that would enable 
them to assist in the research, data collection, and analysis, 
and provision of investigative support in child abduction, mys-
terious disappearances of children, child homicide and serial 
murder investigations. The Director may, with concurrence of 
the appropriate State or local agency, also appoint State and 
local law enforcement personnel to work with the CASMIRC. 
(2) STATUS.—Each member of the CASMIRC (and each 
individual from any State or local law enforcement agency 
appointed to work with the CASMIRC) shall remain as an 
employee of that member's or individual's respective agency 
for all purposes (including the purpose of performance review), 
and service with the CASMIRC shall be without interruption 
or loss of civil service privilege or status and shall be on 
a nonreimbursable basis, except if appropriate to reimburse 
State and local law enforcement for overtime costs for an 
individual appointed to work with the resource team. Addition-
ally, reimbursement of travel and per diem expenses will occur 
for State and local law enforcement participation in resident 
fellowship programs at the NCAVC when offiered. 
(3) TRAINING.—CASMIRC personnel, under the guidance 
of the Federal Bureau of Investigation's National Center for 
the Analysis of Violent Crime and in consultation with the 
National Center For Missing and Exploited Children, shall 
develop a specialized course of instruction devoted to training 
members of the CASMIRC consistent with the purpose of this 
section. The CASMIRC shall also work with the National Cen-
ter For Missing and Exploited Children and the Office of Juve-
nile Justice and Delinquency Prevention of the Department 
of Justice to develop a course of instruction for State and 
local law enforcement personnel to facilitate the dissemination 
of the most current multidisciplinary expertise in the investiga-
tion of child abductions, mysterious disappearances of children, 
child homicides, and serial murder of children. 
(e) REPORT TO CONGRESS.—One year after the establishment 
of the CASMIRC, the Attorney Greneral shall submit to Congress 
a report, which shall include— 
(1) a description of the goals and activities of the CASMIRC; 
and 
(2) information regarding— 
(A) the number and qualifications of the members 
appointed to the CASMIRC; 
(B) the provision of equipment, administrative support, 
and office space for the CASMIRC; and 
(C) the projected resource needs for the CASMIRC. 
(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—^There are authorized 
to be appropriated to carry out this section such sums as may 
be necessary for each of fiscal years 1999, 2000, and 2001. 
(g) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Subtitle C of title XVII of the 
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 42 USC 5601 
5776a et seq.) is repealed. 
note, 5776a and 
^ 
^ 
note, 5777. 
112 STAT. 2990 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
TITLE VIII—RESTRICTED ACCESS TO 
INTERACTIVE COMPUTER SERVICES 
18 u s e 4042 
note. 
Deadline. 
SEC. 801. PRISONER ACCESS. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law, no agency, officer, 
or employee of the United States shall implement, or provide any 
financial assistance to, any Federal program or Federal activity 
in which a Federal prisoner is allowed access to any electronic 
communication service or remote computing service without the 
supervision of an official of the Federal Government. 
SEC. 802. RECOMMENDED PROHIBITION. 
(a) FINDINGS.—Congress finds that— 
(1) a Minnesota State prisoner, serving 23 years for molest-
ing teenage girls, worked for a nonprofit work and education 
program inside the prison, through which the prisoner had 
unsupervised access to the Internet; 
(2) the prisoner, through his unsupervised access to the 
Internet, trafficked in child pornography over the Internet; 
(3) Federal law enforcement authorities caught the prisoner 
with a computer disk containing 280 pictures of juveniles 
engaged in sexually explicit conduct; 
(4) a jury found the prisoner guilty of conspiring to trade 
in child pornography and possessing child pornography; 
(5) the United States District Court for the District of 
Minnesota sentenced the prisoner to 87 months in Federal 
prison, to be served upon the completion of his 23-year State 
prison term; and 
(6) there has been an explosion in the use of the Internet 
in the United States, further placing our Nation's children 
at risk of harm and exploitation at the hands of predators 
on the Internet and increasing the ease of trafficking in child 
pornography. 
(b) SENSE OF THE CONGRESS.—It is the sense of the Congress 
that State Governors, State legislators, and State prison administra-
tors should prohibit unsupervised access to the Internet by State 
prisoners. 
SEC. 803. SURVEY. 
(a) SURVEY.—^Not later than 6 months after the date of enact-
ment of this Act, the Attorney General shall conduct a survey 
of the States to determine to what extent each State allows pris-
oners access to any interactive computer service and whether such 
access is supervised by a prison official. 
(b) REPORT.—^The Attorney General shall submit a report to 
Congress of the findings of the survey conducted pursuant to sub-
section (a). 
(c) STATE DEFINED.—In this section, the term "State" means 
each of the 50 States and the District of Columbia. 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
TITLE IX—STUDIES 
112 STAT. 2991 
SEC. 901. STUDY ON LIMITING THE AVAILABILITY OF PORNOGRAPHY 
ON THE INTERNET. 
18 u s e 1470 
note. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 90 days after the date of Deadline, 
enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall request that 
the National Academy of Sciences, acting through its National 
Research Council, enter into a contract to conduct a study of com-
puter-based technologies and other approaches to the problem of 
the availability of pornographic material to children on the Internet, 
in order to develop possible amendments to Federal criminal law 
and other law enforcement techniques to respond to the problem. 
(b) CONTENTS OF STUDY.—The study under this section shall 
address each of the following: 
(1) The capabilities of present-day computer-based control 
technologies for controlling electronic transmission of porno-
graphic images. 
(2) Research needed to develop computer-based control 
technologies to the point of practical utility for controlling the 
electronic transmission of pornographic images. 
(3) Any inherent limitations of computer-based control tech-
nologies for controlling electronic transmission of pornographic 
images. 
(4) Operational policies or management techniques needed 
to ensure the effectiveness of these control technologies for 
controlling electronic transmission of pornographic images. 
(c) FINAL REPORT.—^Not later than 2 years after the date of Deadline, 
enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall submit to the 
Committees on the Judiciary of the House of Representatives and 
the Senate a final report of the study under this section, which 
report shall— 
(1) set forth the findings, conclusions, and recommendations 
of the Council; and 
(2) be submitted by the Committees on the Judiciary of 
the House of Representatives and the Senate to relevant 
Grovernment agencies and committees of Congress. 
SEC. 902. STUDY OF HOTUNES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—^Not later than 1 year after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall conduct a study 
in accordance with subsection (b) and submit to Congress a report 
on the results of that study. 
(b) CONTENTS OF STUDY.—^The study under this section shall 
include an examination of— 
(1) existing State programs for informing the public about 
the presence of sexual predators released from prison, as 
required in section 170101 of the Violent Crime Control and 
Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14071), including 
the use of CD-ROMs, Internet databases, and Sexual Offender 
Identification Hotlines, such as those used in the State of 
California; and 
42 u s e 14071 
note. 
Deadline. 
112 STAT. 2992 
PUBLIC LAW 105-314—OCT. 30, 1998 
(2) the feasibility of establishing a national hotline for 
parents to access a Federal Bureau of Investigation database 
that tracks the location of convicted sexual predators estab-
lished under section 170102 of the Violent Crime Control and 
Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (42 U.S.C. 14072) and, in deter-
mining that feasibility, the Attorney General shall examine 
issues including the cost, necessary changes to Federal and 
State laws necessitated by the creation of such a hotline, 
consistency with Federal and State case law pertaining to 
community notification, and the need for, and accuracy and 
reliability of, the information available through such a hotline. 
Approved October 30, 1998. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 3494: 
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 105-557 (Comm. on the Judiciary). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 144 (1998): 
June 11, considered and passed House. 
Oct. 9, considered and passed Senate, amended. 
Oct. 12, House concurred in Senate amendments.