Henry J. Hyde United States and India Nuclear Cooperation Promotion Act of 2006
PL 109-401 (H.R.5682), enacted 12/18/2006

120 STAT. 2726
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
Public Law 109–401
109th Congress
An Act
To exempt from certain requirements of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 a proposed
nuclear agreement for cooperation with India.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of
the United States of America in Congress assembled,
TITLE I—UNITED STATES AND INDIA
NUCLEAR COOPERATION
SEC. 101. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ‘‘Henry J. Hyde United States-
India Peaceful Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of 2006’’.
SEC. 102. SENSE OF CONGRESS.
It is the sense of Congress that—
(1) preventing the proliferation of nuclear weapons, other
weapons of mass destruction, the means to produce them, and
the means to deliver them are critical objectives for United
States foreign policy;
(2) sustaining the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
and 
strengthening 
its 
implementation, 
particularly 
its
verification and compliance, is the keystone of United States
nonproliferation policy;
(3) the NPT has been a significant success in preventing
the acquisition of nuclear weapons capabilities and maintaining
a stable international security situation;
(4) countries that have never become a party to the NPT
and remain outside that treaty’s legal regime pose a potential
challenge to the achievement of the overall goals of global
nonproliferation, because those countries have not undertaken
the NPT obligation to prohibit the spread of nuclear weapons
capabilities;
(5) it is in the interest of the United States to the fullest
extent possible to ensure that those countries that are not
States Party to the NPT are responsible in the disposition
of any nuclear technology they develop;
(6) it is in the interest of the United States to enter into
an agreement for nuclear cooperation arranged pursuant to
section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153)
with a country that has never been a State Party to the NPT
if—
22 USC 8001.
22 USC 8001
note.
Henry J. Hyde
United States-
India Peaceful
Atomic Energy
Cooperation Act
of 2006.
Dec. 18, 2006
[H.R. 5682]
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120 STAT. 2727
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(A) the country has demonstrated responsible behavior
with respect to the nonproliferation of technology related
to nuclear weapons and the means to deliver them;
(B) the country has a functioning and uninterrupted
democratic system of government, has a foreign policy that
is congruent to that of the United States, and is working
with the United States on key foreign policy initiatives
related to nonproliferation;
(C) such cooperation induces the country to promulgate
and implement substantially improved protections against
the proliferation of technology related to nuclear weapons
and the means to deliver them, and to refrain from actions
that would further the development of its nuclear weapons
program; and
(D) such cooperation will induce the country to give
greater political and material support to the achievement
of United States global and regional nonproliferation objec-
tives, especially with respect to dissuading, isolating, and,
if necessary, sanctioning and containing states that sponsor
terrorism and terrorist groups that are seeking to acquire
a nuclear weapons capability or other weapons of mass
destruction capability and the means to deliver such
weapons;
(7) the United States should continue its policy of engage-
ment, collaboration, and exchanges with and between India
and Pakistan;
(8) strong bilateral relations with India are in the national
interest of the United States;
(9) the United States and India share common democratic
values and the potential for increasing and sustained economic
engagement;
(10) commerce in civil nuclear energy with India by the
United States and other countries has the potential to benefit
the people of all countries;
(11) such commerce also represents a significant change
in United States policy regarding commerce with countries
that are not States Party to the NPT, which remains the
foundation of the international nonproliferation regime;
(12) any commerce in civil nuclear energy with India by
the United States and other countries must be achieved in
a manner that minimizes the risk of nuclear proliferation or
regional arms races and maximizes India’s adherence to inter-
national nonproliferation regimes, including, in particular, the
guidelines of the Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG); and
(13) the United States should not seek to facilitate or
encourage the continuation of nuclear exports to India by any
other party if such exports are terminated under United States
law.
SEC. 103. STATEMENTS OF POLICY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The following shall be the policies of the
United States:
(1) Oppose the development of a capability to produce
nuclear weapons by any non-nuclear weapon state, within or
outside of the NPT.
(2) Encourage States Party to the NPT to interpret the
right to ‘‘develop research, production and use of nuclear energy
22 USC 8002.
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120 STAT. 2728
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
for peaceful purposes’’, as set forth in Article IV of the NPT,
as being a right that applies only to the extent that it is
consistent with the object and purpose of the NPT to prevent
the spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear weapons capabili-
ties, including by refraining from all nuclear cooperation with
any State Party that the International Atomic Energy Agency
(IAEA) determines is not in full compliance with its NPT obliga-
tions, including its safeguards obligations.
(3) Act in a manner fully consistent with the Guidelines
for Nuclear Transfers and the Guidelines for Transfers of
Nuclear-Related Dual-Use Equipment, Materials, Software and
Related Technology developed by the NSG, and decisions
related to the those guidelines, and the rules and practices
regarding NSG decisionmaking.
(4) Strengthen the NSG guidelines and decisions concerning
consultation by members regarding violations of supplier and
recipient understandings by instituting the practice of a timely
and coordinated response by NSG members to all such viola-
tions, including termination of nuclear transfers to an involved
recipient, that discourages individual NSG members from con-
tinuing cooperation with such recipient until such time as a
consensus regarding a coordinated response has been achieved.
(5) Given the special sensitivity of equipment and tech-
nologies related to the enrichment of uranium, the reprocessing
of spent nuclear fuel, and the production of heavy water, work
with members of the NSG, individually and collectively, to
further restrict the transfers of such equipment and tech-
nologies, including to India.
(6) Seek to prevent the transfer to a country of nuclear
equipment, materials, or technology from other participating
governments in the NSG or from any other source if nuclear
transfers to that country are suspended or terminated pursuant
to this title, the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011
et seq.), or any other United States law.
(b) WITH RESPECT
TO SOUTH ASIA.—The following shall be
the policies of the United States with respect to South Asia:
(1) Achieve, at the earliest possible date, a moratorium
on the production of fissile material for nuclear explosive pur-
poses by India, Pakistan, and the People’s Republic of China.
(2) Achieve, at the earliest possible date, the conclusion
and implementation of a treaty banning the production of fissile
material for nuclear weapons to which both the United States
and India become parties.
(3) Secure India’s—
(A) full participation in the Proliferation Security Ini-
tiative;
(B) formal commitment to the Statement of Interdiction
Principles of such Initiative;
(C) public announcement of its decision to conform
its export control laws, regulations, and policies with the
Australia Group and with the Guidelines, Procedures, Cri-
teria, and Control Lists of the Wassenaar Arrangement;
(D) demonstration of satisfactory progress toward
implementing the decision described in subparagraph (C);
and
India.
Pakistan.
People’s Republic
of China.
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120 STAT. 2729
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(E) ratification of or accession to the Convention on
Supplementary Compensation for Nuclear Damage, done
at Vienna on September 12, 1997.
(4) Secure India’s full and active participation in United
States efforts to dissuade, isolate, and, if necessary, sanction
and contain Iran for its efforts to acquire weapons of mass
destruction, including a nuclear weapons capability and the
capability to enrich uranium or reprocess nuclear fuel, and
the means to deliver weapons of mass destruction.
(5) Seek to halt the increase of nuclear weapon arsenals
in South Asia and to promote their reduction and eventual
elimination.
(6) Ensure that spent fuel generated in India’s civilian
nuclear power reactors is not transferred to the United States
except pursuant to the Congressional review procedures
required under section 131 f. of the Atomic Energy Act of
1954 (42 U.S.C. 2160 (f)).
(7) Pending implementation of the multilateral moratorium
described in paragraph (1) or the treaty described in paragraph
(2), encourage India not to increase its production of fissile
material at unsafeguarded nuclear facilities.
(8) Ensure that any safeguards agreement or Additional
Protocol to which India is a party with the IAEA can reliably
safeguard any export or reexport to India of any nuclear mate-
rials and equipment.
(9) Ensure that the text and implementation of any agree-
ment for cooperation with India arranged pursuant to section
123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) meet
the requirements set forth in subsections a.(1) and a.(3) through
a.(9) of such section.
(10) Any nuclear power reactor fuel reserve provided to
the Government of India for use in safeguarded civilian nuclear
facilities should be commensurate with reasonable reactor oper-
ating requirements.
SEC. 104. WAIVER AUTHORITY AND CONGRESSIONAL APPROVAL.
(a) IN GENERAL.—If the President makes the determination
described in subsection (b), the President may—
(1) exempt a proposed agreement for cooperation with India
arranged pursuant to section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act
of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) from the requirement of subsection
a.(2) of such section;
(2) waive the application of section 128 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2157) with respect to exports
to India; and
(3) waive with respect to India the application of—
(A) section 129 a.(1)(D) of the Atomic Energy Act of
1954 (42 U.S.C. 2158(a)(1)(D)); and
(B) section 129 of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2158) regarding
any actions that occurred before July 18, 2005.
(b) DETERMINATION
BY
THE PRESIDENT.—The determination
referred to in subsection (a) is a determination by the President
that the following actions have occurred:
(1) India has provided the United States and the IAEA
with a credible plan to separate civil and military nuclear
facilities, materials, and programs, and has filed a declaration
regarding its civil facilities and materials with the IAEA.
India.
22 USC 8003.
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120 STAT. 2730
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(2) India and the IAEA have concluded all legal steps
required prior to signature by the parties of an agreement
requiring the application of IAEA safeguards in perpetuity in
accordance with IAEA standards, principles, and practices
(including IAEA Board of Governors Document GOV/1621
(1973)) to India’s civil nuclear facilities, materials, and pro-
grams as declared in the plan described in paragraph (1),
including materials used in or produced through the use of
India’s civil nuclear facilities.
(3) India and the IAEA are making substantial progress
toward concluding an Additional Protocol consistent with IAEA
principles, practices, and policies that would apply to India’s
civil nuclear program.
(4) India is working actively with the United States for
the early conclusion of a multilateral treaty on the cessation
of the production of fissile materials for use in nuclear weapons
or other nuclear explosive devices.
(5) India is working with and supporting United States
and international efforts to prevent the spread of enrichment
and reprocessing technology to any state that does not already
possess full-scale, functioning enrichment or reprocessing
plants.
(6) India is taking the necessary steps to secure nuclear
and other sensitive materials and technology, including
through—
(A) the enactment and effective enforcement of com-
prehensive export control legislation and regulations;
(B) harmonization of its export control laws, regula-
tions, policies, and practices with the guidelines and prac-
tices of the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR)
and the NSG; and
(C) adherence to the MTCR and the NSG in accordance
with the procedures of those regimes for unilateral adher-
ence.
(7) The NSG has decided by consensus to permit supply
to India of nuclear items covered by the guidelines of the
NSG.
(c) SUBMISSION TO CONGRESS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The President shall submit to the appro-
priate congressional committees the determination made pursu-
ant to subsection (b), together with a report detailing the basis
for the determination.
(2) INFORMATION TO BE INCLUDED.—To the fullest extent
available to the United States, the report referred to in para-
graph (1) shall include the following information:
(A) A summary of the plan provided by India to the
United States and the IAEA to separate India’s civil and
military nuclear facilities, materials, and programs, and
the declaration made by India to the IAEA identifying
India’s civil facilities to be placed under IAEA safeguards,
including an analysis of the credibility of such plan and
declaration, together with copies of the plan and declara-
tion.
(B) A summary of the agreement that has been entered
into between India and the IAEA requiring the application
of safeguards in accordance with IAEA practices to India’s
civil nuclear facilities as declared in the plan described
President.
Reports.
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120 STAT. 2731
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
in subparagraph (A), together with a copy of the agreement,
and a description of the progress toward its full
implementation.
(C) A summary of the progress made toward conclusion
and implementation of an Additional Protocol between
India and the IAEA, including a description of the scope
of such Additional Protocol.
(D) A description of the steps that India is taking
to work with the United States for the conclusion of a
multilateral treaty banning the production of fissile mate-
rial for nuclear weapons, including a description of the
steps that the United States has taken and will take to
encourage India to identify and declare a date by which
India would be willing to stop production of fissile material
for nuclear weapons unilaterally or pursuant to a multilat-
eral moratorium or treaty.
(E) A description of the steps India is taking to prevent
the spread of nuclear-related technology, including enrich-
ment and reprocessing technology or materials that can
be used to acquire a nuclear weapons capability, as well
as the support that India is providing to the United States
to further United States objectives to restrict the spread
of such technology.
(F) A description of the steps that India is taking
to secure materials and technology applicable for the
development, acquisition, or manufacture of weapons of
mass destruction and the means to deliver such weapons
through the application of comprehensive export control
legislation and regulations, and through harmonization
with and adherence to MTCR, NSG, Australia Group, and
Wassenaar Arrangement guidelines, compliance with
United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540, and
participation in the Proliferation Security Initiative.
(G) A description and assessment of the specific meas-
ures that India has taken to fully and actively participate
in United States and international efforts to dissuade, iso-
late, and, if necessary, sanction and contain Iran for its
efforts to acquire weapons of mass destruction, including
a nuclear weapons capability and the capability to enrich
uranium or reprocess nuclear fuel and the means to deliver
weapons of mass destruction.
(H) A description of the decision of the NSG relating
to nuclear cooperation with India, including whether
nuclear cooperation by the United States under an agree-
ment for cooperation arranged pursuant to section 123
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) is
consistent with the decision, practices, and policies of the
NSG.
(I) A description of the scope of peaceful cooperation
envisioned by the United States and India that will be
implemented under the agreement for nuclear cooperation,
including whether such cooperation will include the provi-
sion of enrichment and reprocessing technology.
(J) A description of the steps taken to ensure that
proposed United States civil nuclear cooperation with India
will not in any way assist India’s nuclear weapons program.
(d) RESTRICTIONS ON NUCLEAR TRANSFERS.—
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120 STAT. 2732
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(1) IN GENERAL.—Pursuant to the obligations of the United
States under Article I of the NPT, nothing in this title con-
stitutes authority to carry out any civil nuclear cooperation
between the United States and a country that is not a nuclear-
weapon State Party to the NPT that would in any way assist,
encourage, or induce that country to manufacture or otherwise
acquire nuclear weapons or nuclear explosive devices.
(2) NSG 
TRANSFER
GUIDELINES.—Notwithstanding the
entry into force of an agreement for cooperation with India
arranged pursuant to section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act
of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) and pursuant to this title, no item
subject to such agreement or subject to the transfer guidelines
of the NSG, or to NSG decisions related thereto, may be trans-
ferred to India if such transfer would be inconsistent with
the transfer guidelines of the NSG in effect on the date of
the transfer.
(3) TERMINATION OF NUCLEAR TRANSFERS TO INDIA.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding the entry into force
of an agreement for cooperation with India arranged pursu-
ant to section 123 of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42
U.S.C. 2153) and pursuant to this title, and except as
provided under subparagraph (B), exports of nuclear and
nuclear-related material, equipment, or technology to India
shall be terminated if there is any materially significant
transfer by an Indian person of—
(i) nuclear or nuclear-related material, equipment,
or technology that is not consistent with NSG guide-
lines or decisions, or
(ii) ballistic missiles or missile-related equipment
or technology that is not consistent with MTCR guide-
lines,
unless the President determines that cessation of such
exports would be seriously prejudicial to the achievement
of United States nonproliferation objectives or otherwise
jeopardize the common defense and security.
(B) EXCEPTION.—The President may choose not to
terminate exports of nuclear and nuclear-related material,
equipment, and technology to India under subparagraph
(A) if—
(i) the transfer covered under such subparagraph
was made without the knowledge of the Government
of India;
(ii) at the time of the transfer, either the Govern-
ment of India did not own, control, or direct the Indian
person that made the transfer or the Indian person
that made the transfer is a natural person who acted
without the knowledge of any entity described in
subparagraph (B) or (C) of section 110(5); and
(iii) the President certifies to the appropriate
congressional committees that the Government of India
has taken or is taking appropriate judicial or other
enforcement actions against the Indian person with
respect to such transfer.
(4) EXPORTS, REEXPORTS, TRANSFERS, AND RETRANSFERS TO
INDIA
RELATED
TO
ENRICHMENT, REPROCESSING, AND
HEAVY
WATER PRODUCTION.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—
Certification.
President.
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120 STAT. 2733
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(i) 
NUCLEAR
REGULATORY
COMMISSION.—The
Nuclear Regulatory Commission may only issue
licenses for the export or reexport to India of any
equipment, components, or materials related to the
enrichment of uranium, the reprocessing of spent
nuclear fuel, or the production of heavy water if the
requirements of subparagraph (B) are met.
(ii) SECRETARY
OF
ENERGY.—The Secretary of
Energy may only issue authorizations for the transfer
or retransfer to India of any equipment, materials,
or technology related to the enrichment of uranium,
the reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel, or the production
of heavy water (including under the terms of a subse-
quent arrangement under section 131 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2160)) if the require-
ments of subparagraph (B) are met.
(B) 
REQUIREMENTS
FOR
APPROVALS.—Exports,
reexports, transfers, and retransfers referred to in subpara-
graph (A) may only be approved if—
(i) the end user—
(I) is a multinational facility participating in
an IAEA-approved program to provide alternatives
to national fuel cycle capabilities; or
(II) is a facility participating in, and the
export, reexport, transfer, or retransfer is associ-
ated with, a bilateral or multinational program
to develop a proliferation-resistant fuel cycle;
(ii) appropriate measures are in place at any
facility referred to in clause (i) to ensure that no sen-
sitive nuclear technology, as defined in section 4(5)
of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Act of 1978 (22 U.S.C.
3203(5)), will be diverted to any person, site, facility,
location, or program not under IAEA safeguards; and
(iii) the President
determines that the export,
reexport, transfer, or retransfer will not assist in the
manufacture or acquisition of nuclear explosive devices
or the production of fissile material for military pur-
poses.
(5) NUCLEAR EXPORT ACCOUNTABILITY PROGRAM.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—The President shall ensure that all
appropriate measures are taken to maintain accountability
with respect to nuclear materials, equipment, and tech-
nology sold, leased, exported, or reexported to India so
as to ensure—
(i) full implementation of the protections required
under section 123 a.(1) of the Atomic Energy Act of
1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153 (a)(1)); and
(ii) United States compliance with Article I of the
NPT.
(B) MEASURES.—The measures taken pursuant to
subparagraph (A) shall include the following:
(i) Obtaining and implementing assurances and
conditions pursuant to the export licensing authorities
of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Depart-
ment of Commerce and the authorizing authorities of
the Department of Energy, including, as appropriate,
conditions regarding end-use monitoring.
President.
President.
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120 STAT. 2734
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(ii) A detailed system of reporting and accounting
for technology transfers, including any retransfers in
India, authorized by the Department of Energy pursu-
ant to section 57 b. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
(42 U.S.C. 2077(b)). Such system shall be capable of
providing assurances that—
(I) the identified recipients of the nuclear tech-
nology are authorized to receive the nuclear tech-
nology;
(II) the nuclear technology identified for
transfer will be used only for peaceful safeguarded
nuclear activities and will not be used for any
military or nuclear explosive purpose; and
(III) the nuclear technology identified for
transfer will not be retransferred without the prior
consent of the United States, and facilities, equip-
ment, or materials derived through the use of
transferred technology will not be transferred
without the prior consent of the United States.
(iii) In the event the IAEA is unable to implement
safeguards as required by an agreement for cooperation
arranged pursuant to section 123 of the Atomic Energy
Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153), appropriate assurance
that arrangements will be put in place expeditiously
that are consistent with the requirements of section
123 a.(1) of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2153(a)(1)) regarding
the maintenance of safeguards as set forth in the agree-
ment regardless of whether the agreement is termi-
nated or suspended for any reason.
(C) IMPLEMENTATION.—The measures described in
subparagraph (B) shall be implemented to provide reason-
able assurances that the recipient is complying with the
relevant requirements, terms, and conditions of any
licenses issued by the United States regarding such exports,
including those relating to the use, retransfer, safe han-
dling, secure transit, and storage of such exports.
(e) JOINT RESOLUTION OF APPROVAL REQUIREMENT.—Section
123 d. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153(d)) is
amended in the second proviso by inserting after ‘‘that subsection’’
the following: ‘‘, or an agreement exempted pursuant to section
104(a)(1) of the Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful Atomic
Energy Cooperation Act of 2006,’’.
(f) SUNSET.—The authority provided under subsection (a)(1)
to exempt an agreement shall terminate upon the enactment of
a joint resolution under section 123 d. of the Atomic Energy Act
of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153(d)) approving such an agreement.
(g) REPORTING TO CONGRESS.—
(1) INFORMATION ON NUCLEAR ACTIVITIES OF INDIA.—The
President shall keep the appropriate congressional committees
fully and currently informed of the facts and implications of
any significant nuclear activities of India, including—
(A) any material noncompliance on the part of the
Government of India with—
(i) the nonproliferation commitments undertaken
in the Joint Statement of July 18, 2005, between the
President of the United States and the Prime Minister
of India;
President.
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120 STAT. 2735
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(ii) the separation plan presented in the national
parliament of India on March 7, 2006, and in greater
detail on May 11, 2006;
(iii) a safeguards agreement between the Govern-
ment of India and the IAEA;
(iv) an Additional Protocol between the Govern-
ment of India and the IAEA;
(v) an agreement for cooperation between the
Government of India and the United States Govern-
ment arranged pursuant to section 123 of the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) or any subsequent
arrangement under section 131 of such Act (42 U.S.C.
2160);
(vi) the terms and conditions of any approved
licenses regarding the export or reexport of nuclear
material or dual-use material, equipment, or tech-
nology; and
(vii) United States laws and regulations regarding
such licenses;
(B) the construction of a nuclear facility in India after
the date of the enactment of this title;
(C) significant changes in the production by India of
nuclear weapons or in the types or amounts of fissile mate-
rial produced; and
(D) changes in the purpose or operational status of
any unsafeguarded nuclear fuel cycle activities in India.
(2) IMPLEMENTATION AND COMPLIANCE REPORT.—Not later
than 180 days after the date on which an agreement for
cooperation with India arranged pursuant to section 123 of
the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2153) enters into
force, and annually thereafter, the President shall submit to
the appropriate congressional committees a report including—
(A) a description of any additional nuclear facilities
and nuclear materials that the Government of India has
placed or intends to place under IAEA safeguards;
(B) a comprehensive listing of—
(i) all licenses that have been approved by the
Nuclear Regulatory Commission and the Secretary of
Energy for exports and reexports to India under parts
110 and 810 of title 10, Code of Federal Regulations;
(ii) any licenses approved by the Department of
Commerce for the export or reexport to India of
commodities, related technology, and software which
are controlled for nuclear nonproliferation reasons on
the Nuclear Referral List of the Commerce Control
List maintained under part 774 of title 15, Code of
Federal Regulation, or any successor regulation;
(iii) any other United States authorizations for
the export or reexport to India of nuclear materials
and equipment; and
(iv) with respect to each such license or other
form of authorization described in clauses (i), (ii), and
(iii)—
(I) the number or other identifying information
of each license or authorization;
(II) the name or names of the authorized end
user or end users;
President.
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120 STAT. 2736
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(III) the name of the site, facility, or location
in India to which the export or reexport was made;
(IV) the terms and conditions included on such
licenses and authorizations;
(V) any post-shipment verification procedures
that will be applied to such exports or reexports;
and
(VI) the term of validity of each such license
or authorization;
(C) a description of any significant nuclear commerce
between India and other countries, including any such
trade that—
(i) is not consistent with applicable guidelines or
decisions of the NSG; or
(ii) would not meet the standards applied to
exports or reexports of such material, equipment, or
technology of United States origin;
(D) either—
(i) an assessment that India is in full compliance
with the commitments and obligations contained in
the agreements and other documents referenced in
clauses (i) through (vi) of paragraph (1)(A); or
(ii) an identification and analysis of all compliance
issues arising with regard to the adherence by India
to its commitments and obligations, including—
(I) the measures the United States Govern-
ment has taken to remedy or otherwise respond
to such compliance issues;
(II) the responses of the Government of India
to such measures;
(III) the measures the United States Govern-
ment plans to take to this end in the coming
year; and
(IV) an assessment of the implications of any
continued 
noncompliance, 
including 
whether
nuclear commerce with India remains in the
national security interest of the United States;
(E)(i) an assessment of whether India is fully and
actively participating in United States and international
efforts to dissuade, isolate, and, if necessary, sanction and
contain Iran for its efforts to acquire weapons of mass
destruction, including a nuclear weapons capability
(including the capability to enrich uranium or reprocess
nuclear fuel), and the means to deliver weapons of mass
destruction, including a description of the specific measures
that India has taken in this regard; and
(ii) if India is not assessed to be fully and actively
participating in such efforts, a description of—
(I) the measures the United States Government
has taken to secure India’s full and active participation
in such efforts;
(II) the responses of the Government of India to
such measures; and
(III) the measures the United States Government
plans to take in the coming year to secure India’s
full and active participation;
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120 STAT. 2737
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(F) an analysis of whether United States civil nuclear
cooperation with India is in any way assisting India’s
nuclear weapons program, including through—
(i) the use of any United States equipment, tech-
nology, 
or 
nuclear 
material 
by 
India 
in 
an
unsafeguarded nuclear facility or nuclear-weapons
related complex;
(ii) the replication and subsequent use of any
United States technology by India in an unsafeguarded
nuclear facility or unsafeguarded nuclear weapons-
related complex, or for any activity related to the
research, development, testing, or manufacture of
nuclear explosive devices; and
(iii) the provision of nuclear fuel in such a manner
as to facilitate the increased production by India of
highly 
enriched 
uranium 
or 
plutonium 
in
unsafeguarded nuclear facilities;
(G) a detailed description of—
(i) United States efforts to promote national or
regional progress by India and Pakistan in disclosing,
securing, limiting, and reducing their fissile material
stockpiles, including stockpiles for military purposes,
pending creation of a worldwide fissile material cut-
off regime, including the institution of a Fissile Mate-
rial Cut-off Treaty;
(ii) the responses of India and Pakistan to such
efforts; and
(iii) assistance that the United States is providing,
or would be able to provide, to India and Pakistan
to promote the objectives in clause (i), consistent with
its obligations under international law and existing
agreements;
(H) an estimate of—
(i) the amount of uranium mined and milled in
India during the previous year;
(ii) the amount of such uranium that has likely
been used or allocated for the production of nuclear
explosive devices; and
(iii) the rate of production in India of—
(I) fissile material for nuclear explosive
devices; and
(II) nuclear explosive devices;
(I) an estimate of the amount of electricity India’s
nuclear reactors produced for civil purposes during the
previous year and the proportion of such production that
can be attributed to India’s declared civil reactors;
(J) an analysis as to whether imported uranium has
affected the rate of production in India of nuclear explosive
devices;
(K) a detailed description of efforts and progress made
toward the achievement of India’s—
(i) full participation in the Proliferation Security
Initiative;
(ii) formal commitment to the Statement of Inter-
diction Principles of such Initiative;
(iii) public announcement of its decision to conform
its export control laws, regulations, and policies with
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120 STAT. 2738
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
the Australia Group and with the Guidelines, Proce-
dures, Criteria, and Controls List of the Wassenaar
Arrangement; and
(iv) effective implementation of the decision
described in clause (iii); and
(L) the disposal during the previous year of spent
nuclear fuel from India’s civilian nuclear program, and
any plans or activities relating to future disposal of such
spent nuclear fuel.
(3) SUBMITTAL WITH OTHER ANNUAL REPORTS.—
(A) REPORT
ON
PROLIFERATION
PREVENTION.—Each
annual report submitted under paragraph (2) after the
initial report may be submitted together with the annual
report on proliferation prevention required under section
601(a) of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Act of 1978 (22
U.S.C. 3281(a)).
(B) REPORT
ON
PROGRESS
TOWARD
REGIONAL
NON-
PROLIFERATION.—The information required to be submitted
under paragraph (2)(F) after the initial report may be
submitted together with the annual report on progress
toward regional nonproliferation required under section
620F(c) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C.
2376(c)).
(4) FORM.—Each report submitted under this subsection
shall be submitted in unclassified form, but may contain a
classified annex.
SEC. 105. UNITED STATES COMPLIANCE WITH ITS NUCLEAR NON-
PROLIFERATION TREATY OBLIGATIONS.
Nothing in this title constitutes authority for any action in
violation of an obligation of the United States under the NPT.
SEC. 106. INOPERABILITY OF DETERMINATION AND WAIVERS.
A determination and any waiver under section 104 shall cease
to be effective if the President determines that India has detonated
a nuclear explosive device after the date of the enactment of this
title.
SEC. 107. MTCR ADHERENT STATUS.
Congress finds that India is not an MTCR adherent for the
purposes of section 73 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C.
2797b).
SEC. 108. TECHNICAL AMENDMENT.
Section 1112(c)(4) of the Arms Control and Nonproliferation
Act of 1999 (title XI of the Admiral James W. Nance and Meg
Donovan Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 2000
and 2001 (as enacted into law by section 1000(a)(7) of Public Law
106–113 and contained in appendix G of that Act; 113 Stat. 1501A–
486)) is amended—
(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking ‘‘and’’ after the semi-
colon at the end;
(2) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph
(D); and
(3) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following new
subparagraph:
‘‘(C) so much of the reports required under section
104 of the Henry J. Hyde United States-India Peaceful
22 USC 2652c.
22 USC 8006.
President.
22 USC 8005.
22 USC 8004.
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120 STAT. 2739
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
Atomic Energy Cooperation Act of 2006 as relates to
verification or compliance matters; and’’.
SEC. 109. UNITED STATES-INDIA SCIENTIFIC COOPERATIVE NUCLEAR
NONPROLIFERATION PROGRAM.
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Secretary of Energy, acting through
the Administrator of the National Nuclear Security Administration,
is authorized to establish a cooperative nuclear nonproliferation
program to pursue jointly with scientists from the United States
and India a program to further common nuclear nonproliferation
goals, including scientific research and development efforts, with
an emphasis on nuclear safeguards (in this section referred to
as ‘‘the program’’).
(b) CONSULTATION.—The program shall be carried out in con-
sultation with the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense.
(c) NATIONAL ACADEMIES RECOMMENDATIONS.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Secretary of Energy shall enter into
an agreement with the National Academies to develop rec-
ommendations for the implementation of the program.
(2) RECOMMENDATIONS.—The agreement entered into under
paragraph (1) shall provide for the preparation by qualified
individuals with relevant expertise and knowledge and the
communication to the Secretary of Energy each fiscal year
of—
(A) recommendations for research and related pro-
grams designed to overcome existing technological barriers
to nuclear nonproliferation; and
(B) an assessment of whether activities and programs
funded under this section are achieving the goals of the
activities and programs.
(3) PUBLIC
AVAILABILITY.—The recommendations and
assessments prepared under this subsection shall be made pub-
licly available.
(d) 
CONSISTENCY
WITH
NUCLEAR
NON-PROLIFERATION
TREATY.—All United States activities related to the program shall
be consistent with United States obligations under the Nuclear
Non-Proliferation Treaty.
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized
to be appropriated such sums as may be necessary to carry out
this section for each of fiscal years 2007 through 2011.
SEC. 110. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) The term ‘‘Additional Protocol’’ means a protocol addi-
tional to a safeguards agreement with the IAEA, as negotiated
between a country and the IAEA based on a Model Additional
Protocol as set forth in IAEA information circular (INFCIRC)
540.
(2) The term ‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means
the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate and the
Committee on International Relations of the House of Rep-
resentatives.
(3) The term ‘‘dual-use material, equipment, or technology’’
means material, equipment, or technology that may be used
in nuclear or nonnuclear applications.
(4) The term ‘‘IAEA safeguards’’ has the meaning given
the term in section 830(3) of the Nuclear Proliferation Preven-
tion Act of 1994 (22 U.S.C. 6305(3)).
22 USC 8008.
Contracts.
22 USC 8007.
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120 STAT. 2740
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(5) The term ‘‘Indian person’’ means—
(A) a natural person that is a citizen of India or is
subject to the jurisdiction of the Government of India;
(B) a corporation, business association, partnership,
society, trust, or any other nongovernmental entity,
organization, or group, that is organized under the laws
of India or has its principal place of business in India;
and
(C) any Indian governmental entity, including any
governmental entity operating as a business enterprise.
(6) The terms ‘‘Missile Technology Control Regime’’,
‘‘MTCR’’, and ‘‘MTCR adherent’’ have the meanings given the
terms in section 74 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C.
2797c).
(7) The term ‘‘nuclear materials and equipment’’ means
source material, special nuclear material, production and utili-
zation facilities and any components thereof, and any other
items or materials that are determined to have significance
for nuclear explosive purposes pursuant to subsection 109 b.
of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2139(b)).
(8) The terms ‘‘Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty’’ and
‘‘NPT’’ mean the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear
Weapons, done at Washington, London, and Moscow July 1,
1968, and entered into force March 5, 1970 (21 UST 483).
(9) The terms ‘‘Nuclear Suppliers Group’’ and ‘‘NSG’’ refer
to a group, which met initially in 1975 and has met at least
annually since 1992, of Participating Governments that have
promulgated and agreed to adhere to Guidelines for Nuclear
Transfers (currently IAEA INFCIRC/254/Rev.8/Part 1) and
Guidelines for Transfers of Nuclear-Related Dual-Use Equip-
ment, Materials, Software, and Related Technology (currently
IAEA INFCIRC/254/Rev.7/Part 2).
(10) The terms ‘‘nuclear weapon’’ and ‘‘nuclear explosive
device’’ mean any device designed to produce an instantaneous
release of an amount of nuclear energy from special nuclear
material that is greater than the amount of energy that would
be released from the detonation of one pound of trinitrotoluene
(TNT).
(11) The term ‘‘process’’ includes the term ‘‘reprocess’’.
(12) The terms ‘‘reprocessing’’ and ‘‘reprocess’’ refer to the
separation of irradiated nuclear materials and fission products
from spent nuclear fuel.
(13) The term ‘‘sensitive nuclear technology’’ means any
information, including information incorporated in a production
or utilization facility or important component part thereof, that
is not available to the public and which is important to the
design, construction, fabrication, operation, or maintenance of
a uranium enrichment or nuclear fuel reprocessing facility or
a facility for the production of heavy water.
(14) The term ‘‘source material’’ has the meaning given
the term in section 11 z. of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954
(42 U.S.C. 2014(z)).
(15) The term ‘‘special nuclear material’’ has the meaning
given the term in section 11 aa. of the Atomic Energy Act
of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2014(aa)).
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120 STAT. 2741
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(16) The term ‘‘unsafeguarded nuclear fuel-cycle activity’’
means research on, or development, design, manufacture,
construction, operation, or maintenance of—
(A) any existing or future reactor, critical facility,
conversion plant, fabrication plant, reprocessing plant,
plant for the separation of isotopes of source or special
fissionable material, or separate storage installation with
respect to which there is no obligation to accept IAEA
safeguards at the relevant reactor, facility, plant, or
installation that contains source or special fissionable mate-
rial; or
(B) any existing or future heavy water production plant
with respect to which there is no obligation to accept IAEA
safeguards on any nuclear material produced by or used
in connection with any heavy water produced therefrom.
TITLE II—UNITED STATES ADDITIONAL
PROTOCOL IMPLEMENTATION
SEC. 201. SHORT TITLE.
This title may be cited as the ‘‘United States Additional Protocol
Implementation Act’’.
SEC. 202. FINDINGS.
Congress makes the following findings:
(1) The proliferation of nuclear weapons and other nuclear
explosive devices poses a grave threat to the national security
of the United States and its vital national interests.
(2) The Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty has proven crit-
ical to limiting such proliferation.
(3) For the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty to be effective,
each of the non-nuclear-weapon State Parties must conclude
a comprehensive safeguards agreement with the IAEA, and
such agreements must be honored and enforced.
(4) Recent events emphasize the urgency of strengthening
the effectiveness and improving the efficiency of the safeguards
system. This can best be accomplished by providing IAEA
inspectors with more information about, and broader access
to, nuclear activities within the territory of non-nuclear-weapon
State Parties.
(5) The proposed scope of such expanded information and
access has been negotiated by the member states of the IAEA
in the form of a Model Additional Protocol to its existing safe-
guards agreements, and universal acceptance of Additional
Protocols by non-nuclear weapons states is essential to
enhancing the effectiveness of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty.
(6) On June 12, 1998, the United States, as a nuclear-
weapon State Party, signed an Additional Protocol that is based
on the Model Additional Protocol, but which also contains meas-
ures, consistent with its existing safeguards agreements with
its members, that protect the right of the United States to
exclude the application of IAEA safeguards to locations and
activities with direct national security significance or to loca-
tions or information associated with such activities.
22 USC 8101.
22 USC 8101
note.
United States
Additional
Protocol
Implementation
Act.
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120 STAT. 2742
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(7) Implementation of the Additional Protocol in the United
States in a manner consistent with United States obligations
under the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty may encourage
other parties to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, especially
non-nuclear-weapon State Parties, to conclude Additional Proto-
cols and thereby strengthen the Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty safeguards system and help reduce the threat of nuclear
proliferation, which is of direct and substantial benefit to the
United States.
(8) Implementation of the Additional Protocol by the United
States is not required and is completely voluntary given its
status as a nuclear-weapon State Party, but the United States
has acceded to the Additional Protocol to demonstrate its
commitment to the nuclear nonproliferation regime and to make
United States civil nuclear activities available to the same
IAEA inspections as are applied in the case of non-nuclear-
weapon State Parties.
(9) In accordance with the national security exclusion con-
tained in Article 1.b of its Additional Protocol, the United
States will not allow any inspection activities, nor make any
declaration of any information with respect to, locations,
information, and activities of direct national security signifi-
cance to the United States.
(10) Implementation of the Additional Protocol will conform
to the principles set forth in the letter of April 30, 2002,
from the United States Permanent Representative to the Inter-
national Atomic Energy Agency and the Vienna Office of the
United Nations to the Director General of the International
Atomic Energy Agency.
SEC. 203. DEFINITIONS.
In this title:
(1) ADDITIONAL PROTOCOL.—The term ‘‘Additional Protocol’’,
when used in the singular form, means the Protocol Additional
to the Agreement between the United States of America and
the International Atomic Energy Agency for the Application
of Safeguards in the United States of America, with Annexes,
signed at Vienna June 12, 1998 (T. Doc. 107–7).
(2) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—The term
‘‘appropriate congressional committees’’ means the Committee
on Armed Services, the Committee on Foreign Relations, and
the Committee on Appropriations of the Senate and the Com-
mittee on Armed Services, the Committee on International
Relations, the Committee on Science, and the Committee on
Appropriations of the House of Representatives.
(3) COMPLEMENTARY ACCESS.—The term ‘‘complementary
access’’ means the exercise of the IAEA’s access rights as set
forth in Articles 4 to 6 of the Additional Protocol.
(4) EXECUTIVE AGENCY.—The term ‘‘executive agency’’ has
the meaning given such term in section 105 of title 5, United
States Code.
(5) FACILITY.—The term ‘‘facility’’ has the meaning set forth
in Article 18i. of the Additional Protocol.
(6) IAEA.—The term ‘‘IAEA’’ means the International
Atomic Energy Agency.
(7) JUDGE OF THE UNITED STATES.—The term ‘‘judge of
the United States’’ means a United States district judge, or
22 USC 8102.
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120 STAT. 2743
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
a United States magistrate judge appointed under the authority
of chapter 43 of title 28, United States Code.
(8) LOCATION.—The term ‘‘location’’ means any geographic
point or area declared or identified by the United States or
specified by the International Atomic Energy Agency.
(9) 
NUCLEAR
NON-PROLIFERATION
TREATY.—The 
term
‘‘Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty’’ means the Treaty on the
Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done at Washington,
London, and Moscow July 1, 1968, and entered into force March
5, 1970 (21 UST 483).
(10) NUCLEAR-WEAPON
STATE
PARTY
AND
NON-NUCLEAR-
WEAPON
STATE
PARTY.—The terms ‘‘nuclear-weapon State
Party’’ and ‘‘non-nuclear-weapon State Party’’ have the
meanings given such terms in the Nuclear Non-Proliferation
Treaty.
(11) PERSON.—The term ‘‘person’’, except as otherwise pro-
vided, means any individual, corporation, partnership, firm,
association, trust, estate, public or private institution, any State
or any political subdivision thereof, or any political entity within
a State, any foreign government or nation or any agency,
instrumentality, or political subdivision of any such government
or nation, or other entity located in the United States.
(12) SITE.—The term ‘‘site’’ has the meaning set forth in
Article 18b. of the Additional Protocol.
(13) UNITED STATES.—The term ‘‘United States’’, when used
as a geographic reference, means the several States of the
United States, the District of Columbia, and the common-
wealths, territories, and possessions of the United States and
includes all places under the jurisdiction or control of the
United States, including—
(A) the territorial sea and the overlying airspace;
(B) any civil aircraft of the United States or public
aircraft, as such terms are defined in paragraphs (17) and
(41), respectively, of section 40102(a) of title 49, United
States Code; and
(C) any vessel of the United States, as such term
is defined in section 3(b) of the Maritime Drug Law Enforce-
ment Act (46 U.S.C. App. 1903(b)).
(14) WIDE-AREA
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAMPLING.—The term
‘‘wide-area environmental sampling’’ has the meaning set forth
in Article 18g. of the Additional Protocol.
SEC. 204. SEVERABILITY.
If any provision of this title, or the application of such provision
to any person or circumstance, is held invalid, the remainder of
this title, or the application of such provision to persons or cir-
cumstances other than those as to which it is held invalid, shall
not be affected thereby.
Subtitle A—General Provisions
SEC. 211. AUTHORITY.
(a) IN GENERAL.—The President is authorized to implement
and carry out the provisions of this title and the Additional Protocol
and shall designate through Executive order which executive agency
or agencies of the United States, which may include but are not
President.
22 USC 8111.
22 USC 8103.
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120 STAT. 2744
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
limited to the Department of State, the Department of Defense,
the Department of Justice, the Department of Commerce, the
Department of Energy, and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission,
shall issue or amend and enforce regulations in order to implement
this title and the provisions of the Additional Protocol.
(b) INCLUDED AUTHORITY.—For any executive agency des-
ignated under subsection (a) that does not currently possess the
authority to conduct site vulnerability assessments and related
activities, the authority provided in subsection (a) includes such
authority.
(c) EXCEPTION.—The authority described in subsection (b) does
not supersede or otherwise modify any existing authority of any
Federal department or agency already having such authority.
Subtitle B—Complementary Access
SEC. 221. REQUIREMENT FOR AUTHORITY TO CONDUCT COMPLEMEN-
TARY ACCESS.
(a) PROHIBITION.—No complementary access to any location
in the United States shall take place pursuant to the Additional
Protocol without the authorization of the United States Government
in accordance with the requirements of this title.
(b) AUTHORITY.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Complementary access to any location
in the United States subject to access under the Additional
Protocol is authorized in accordance with this title.
(2) UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVES.—
(A) RESTRICTIONS.—In the event of complementary
access to a privately owned or operated location, no
employee of the Environmental Protection Agency or of
the Mine Safety and Health Administration or the Occupa-
tional Safety and Health Administration of the Department
of Labor may participate in the access.
(B) NUMBER.—The number of designated United States
representatives accompanying IAEA inspectors shall be
kept to the minimum necessary.
SEC. 222. PROCEDURES FOR COMPLEMENTARY ACCESS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Each instance of complementary access to
a location in the United States under the Additional Protocol shall
be conducted in accordance with this subtitle.
(b) NOTICE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Complementary access referred to in sub-
section (a) may occur only upon the issuance of an actual
written notice by the United States Government to the owner,
operator, occupant, or agent in charge of the location to be
subject to complementary access.
(2) TIME OF NOTIFICATION.—The notice under paragraph
(1) shall be submitted to such owner, operator, occupant, or
agent as soon as possible after the United States Government
has received notification that the IAEA seeks complementary
access. Notices may be posted prominently at the location if
the United States Government is unable to provide actual writ-
ten notice to such owner, operator, occupant, or agent.
(3) CONTENT OF NOTICE.—
22 USC 8122.
22 USC 8121.
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120 STAT. 2745
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(A) IN GENERAL.—The notice required by paragraph
(1) shall specify—
(i) the purpose for the complementary access;
(ii) the basis for the selection of the facility, site,
or other location for the complementary access sought;
(iii) the activities that will be carried out during
the complementary access;
(iv) the time and date that the complementary
access is expected to begin, and the anticipated period
covered by the complementary access; and
(v) the names and titles of the inspectors.
(4) SEPARATE NOTICES REQUIRED.—A separate notice shall
be provided each time that complementary access is sought
by the IAEA.
(c) CREDENTIALS.—The complementary access team of the IAEA
and representatives or designees of the United States Government
shall display appropriate identifying credentials to the owner, oper-
ator, occupant, or agent in charge of the location before gaining
entry in connection with complementary access.
(d) SCOPE.—
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in a warrant issued
under section 223, and subject to the rights of the United
States Government under the Additional Protocol to limit com-
plementary access, complementary access to a location pursuant
to this title may extend to all activities specifically permitted
for such locations under Article 6 of the Additional Protocol.
(2) EXCEPTION.—Unless required by the Additional Pro-
tocol, no inspection under this title shall extend to—
(A) financial data (other than production data);
(B) sales and marketing data (other than shipment
data);
(C) pricing data;
(D) personnel data;
(E) patent data;
(F) data maintained for compliance with environmental
or occupational health and safety regulations; or
(G) research data.
(e) ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH, SAFETY, AND SECURITY.—In car-
rying out their activities, members of the IAEA complementary
access team and representatives or designees of the United States
Government shall observe applicable environmental, health, safety,
and security regulations established at the location subject to com-
plementary access, including those for protection of controlled
environments within a facility and for personal safety.
SEC. 223. CONSENTS, WARRANTS, AND COMPLEMENTARY ACCESS.
(a) IN GENERAL.—
(1) PROCEDURE.—
(A) CONSENT.—Except as provided in paragraph (2),
an appropriate official of the United States Government
shall seek or have the consent of the owner, operator,
occupant, or agent in charge of a location prior to entering
that location in connection with complementary access
pursuant to sections 221 and 222. The owner, operator,
occupant, or agent in charge of the location may withhold
consent for any reason or no reason.
22 USC 8123.
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(B) ADMINISTRATIVE SEARCH WARRANT.—In the absence
of consent, the United States Government may seek an
administrative search warrant from a judge of the United
States under subsection (b). Proceedings regarding the
issuance of an administrative search warrant shall be con-
ducted ex parte, unless otherwise requested by the United
States Government.
(2) EXPEDITED ACCESS.—For purposes of obtaining access
to a location pursuant to Article 4b.(ii) of the Additional Protocol
in order to satisfy United States obligations under the Addi-
tional Protocol when notice of two hours or less is required,
the United States Government may gain entry to such location
in connection with complementary access, to the extent such
access is consistent with the Fourth Amendment to the United
States Constitution, without obtaining either a warrant or con-
sent.
(b) ADMINISTRATIVE SEARCH WARRANTS FOR COMPLEMENTARY
ACCESS.—
(1) OBTAINING
ADMINISTRATIVE
SEARCH
WARRANTS.—For
complementary access conducted in the United States pursuant
to the Additional Protocol, and for which the acquisition of
a warrant is required, the United States Government shall
first obtain an administrative search warrant from a judge
of the United States. The United States Government shall
provide to such judge all appropriate information regarding
the basis for the selection of the facility, site, or other location
to which complementary access is sought.
(2) CONTENT OF AFFIDAVITS FOR ADMINISTRATIVE SEARCH
WARRANTS.—A judge of the United States shall promptly issue
an administrative search warrant authorizing the requested
complementary access upon an affidavit submitted by the
United States Government—
(A) stating that the Additional Protocol is in force;
(B) stating that the designated facility, site, or other
location is subject to complementary access under the Addi-
tional Protocol;
(C) stating that the purpose of the complementary
access is consistent with Article 4 of the Additional Pro-
tocol;
(D) stating that the requested complementary access
is in accordance with Article 4 of the Additional Protocol;
(E) containing assurances that the scope of the IAEA’s
complementary access, as well as what it may collect, shall
be limited to the access provided for in Article 6 of the
Additional Protocol;
(F) listing the items, documents, and areas to be
searched and seized;
(G) stating the earliest commencement and the antici-
pated duration of the complementary access period, as well
as the expected times of day during which such complemen-
tary access will take place; and
(H) stating that the location to which entry in connec-
tion with complementary access is sought was selected
either—
(i) because there is probable cause, on the basis
of specific evidence, to believe that information
required to be reported regarding a location pursuant
Courts.
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to regulations promulgated under this title is incorrect
or incomplete, and that the location to be accessed
contains evidence regarding that violation; or
(ii) pursuant to a reasonable general administra-
tive plan based upon specific neutral criteria.
(3) CONTENT OF WARRANTS.—A warrant issued under para-
graph (2) shall specify the same matters required of an affidavit
under that paragraph. In addition, each warrant shall contain
the identities of the representatives of the IAEA on the com-
plementary access team and the identities of the representa-
tives or designees of the United States Government required
to display identifying credentials under section 222(c).
SEC. 224. PROHIBITED ACTS RELATING TO COMPLEMENTARY ACCESS.
It shall be unlawful for any person willfully to fail or refuse
to permit, or to disrupt, delay, or otherwise impede, a complemen-
tary access authorized by this subtitle or an entry in connection
with such access.
Subtitle C—Confidentiality of Information
SEC. 231. PROTECTION OF CONFIDENTIALITY OF INFORMATION.
Information reported to, or otherwise acquired by, the United
States Government under this title or under the Additional Protocol
shall be exempt from disclosure under section 552 of title 5, United
States Code.
Subtitle D—Enforcement
SEC. 241. RECORDKEEPING VIOLATIONS.
It shall be unlawful for any person willfully to fail or refuse—
(1) to establish or maintain any record required by any
regulation prescribed under this title;
(2) to submit any report, notice, or other information to
the United States Government in accordance with any regula-
tion prescribed under this title; or
(3) to permit access to or copying of any record by the
United States Government in accordance with any regulation
prescribed under this title.
SEC. 242. PENALTIES.
(a) CIVIL.—
(1) PENALTY AMOUNTS.—Any person that is determined,
in accordance with paragraph (2), to have violated section 224
or section 241 shall be required by order to pay a civil penalty
in an amount not to exceed $25,000 for each violation. For
the purposes of this paragraph, each day during which a viola-
tion of section 224 continues shall constitute a separate viola-
tion of that section.
(2) NOTICE AND HEARING.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—Before imposing a penalty against
a person under paragraph (1), the head of an executive
agency designated under section 211(a) shall provide the
person with notice of the order. If, within 15 days after
receiving the notice, the person requests a hearing, the
Deadline.
22 USC 8142.
22 USC 8141.
22 USC 8131.
22 USC 8124.
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120 STAT. 2748
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
head of the designated executive agency shall initiate a
hearing on the violation.
(B) CONDUCT OF HEARING.—Any hearing so requested
shall be conducted before an administrative judge. The
hearing shall be conducted in accordance with the require-
ments of section 554 of title 5, United States Code. If
no hearing is so requested, the order imposed by the head
of the designated agency shall constitute a final agency
action.
(C) ISSUANCE OF ORDERS.—If the administrative judge
determines, upon the preponderance of the evidence
received, that a person named in the complaint has violated
section 224 or section 241, the administrative judge shall
state the findings of fact and conclusions of law, and issue
and serve on such person an order described in paragraph
(1).
(D) 
FACTORS
FOR
DETERMINATION
OF
PENALTY
AMOUNTS.—In determining the amount of any civil penalty,
the administrative judge or the head of the designated
agency shall take into account the nature, circumstances,
extent, and gravity of the violation or violations and, with
respect to the violator, the ability to pay, effect on ability
to continue to do business, any history of such violations,
the degree of culpability, the existence of an internal
compliance program, and such other matters as justice
may require.
(E) CONTENT
OF
NOTICE.—For the purposes of this
paragraph, notice shall be in writing and shall be verifiably
served upon the person or persons subject to an order
described in paragraph (1). In addition, the notice shall—
(i) set forth the time, date, and specific nature
of the alleged violation or violations; and
(ii) specify the administrative and judicial rem-
edies available to the person or persons subject to
the order, including the availability of a hearing and
subsequent appeal.
(3) ADMINISTRATIVE APPELLATE REVIEW.—The decision and
order of an administrative judge shall be the recommended
decision and order and shall be referred to the head of the
designated executive agency for final decision and order. If,
within 60 days, the head of the designated executive agency
does not modify or vacate the decision and order, it shall
become a final agency action under this subsection.
(4) JUDICIAL REVIEW.—A person adversely affected by a
final order may, within 30 days after the date the final order
is issued, file a petition in the Court of Appeals for the District
of Columbia Circuit or in the Court of Appeals for the district
in which the violation occurred.
(5) ENFORCEMENT OF FINAL ORDERS.—
(A) IN GENERAL.—If a person fails to comply with a
final order issued against such person under this subsection
and—
(i) the person has not filed a petition for judicial
review of the order in accordance with paragraph (4),
or
Deadline.
Deadline.
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120 STAT. 2749
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(ii) a court in an action brought under paragraph
(4) has entered a final judgment in favor of the des-
ignated executive agency,
the head of the designated executive agency shall com-
mence a civil action to seek compliance with the final
order in any appropriate district court of the United States.
(B) NO REVIEW.—In any such civil action, the validity
and appropriateness of the final order shall not be subject
to review.
(C) INTEREST.—Payment of penalties assessed in a final
order under this section shall include interest at currently
prevailing rates calculated from the date of expiration of
the 60-day period referred to in paragraph (3) or the date
of such final order, as the case may be.
(b) CRIMINAL.—Any person who violates section 224 or section
241 may, in addition to or in lieu of any civil penalty which
may be imposed under subsection (a) for such violation, be fined
under title 18, United States Code, imprisoned for not more than
five years, or both.
SEC. 243. SPECIFIC ENFORCEMENT.
(a) JURISDICTION.—The district courts of the United States
shall have jurisdiction over civil actions brought by the head of
an executive agency designated under section 211(a)—
(1) to restrain any conduct in violation of section 224 or
section 241; or
(2) to compel the taking of any action required by or under
this title or the Additional Protocol.
(b) CIVIL ACTIONS.—
(1) IN
GENERAL.—A civil action described in subsection
(a) may be brought—
(A) in the case of a civil action described in paragraph
(1) of such subsection, in the United States district court
for the judicial district in which any act, omission, or
transaction constituting a violation of section 224 or section
241 occurred or in which the defendant is found or trans-
acts business; or
(B) in the case of a civil action described in paragraph
(2) of such subsection, in the United States district court
for the judicial district in which the defendant is found
or transacts business.
(2) SERVICE OF PROCESS.—In any such civil action, process
shall be served on a defendant wherever the defendant may
reside or may be found.
Subtitle E—Environmental Sampling
SEC. 251. NOTIFICATION TO CONGRESS OF IAEA BOARD APPROVAL
OF WIDE-AREA ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING.
(a) IN GENERAL.—Not later than 30 days after the date on
which the Board of Governors of the IAEA approves wide-area
environmental sampling for use as a safeguards verification tool,
the President shall notify the appropriate congressional committees.
(b) CONTENT.—The notification under subsection (a) shall con-
tain—
Deadline.
President.
22 USC 8151.
22 USC 8143.
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120 STAT. 2750
PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
(1) a description of the specific methods and sampling
techniques approved by the Board of Governors that are to
be employed for purposes of wide-area sampling;
(2) a statement as to whether or not such sampling may
be conducted in the United States under the Additional Pro-
tocol; and
(3) an assessment of the ability of the approved methods
and sampling techniques to detect, identify, and determine
the conduct, type, and nature of nuclear activities.
SEC. 252. APPLICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY EXCLUSION TO WIDE-
AREA ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING.
In accordance with Article 1(b) of the Additional Protocol, the
United States shall not permit any wide-area environmental sam-
pling proposed by the IAEA to be conducted at a specified location
in the United States under Article 9 of the Additional Protocol
unless the President has determined and reported to the appropriate
congressional committees with respect to that proposed use of
environmental sampling that—
(1) the proposed use of wide-area environmental sampling
is necessary to increase the capability of the IAEA to detect
undeclared nuclear activities in the territory of a non-nuclear-
weapon State Party;
(2) the proposed use of wide-area environmental sampling
will not result in access by the IAEA to locations, activities,
or information of direct national security significance; and
(3) the United States—
(A) has been provided sufficient opportunity for con-
sultation with the IAEA if the IAEA has requested com-
plementary access involving wide-area environmental sam-
pling; or
(B) has requested under Article 8 of the Additional
Protocol that the IAEA engage in complementary access
in the United States that involves the use of wide-area
environmental sampling.
SEC. 253. APPLICATION OF NATIONAL SECURITY EXCLUSION TO LOCA-
TION-SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLING.
In accordance with Article 1(b) of the Additional Protocol, the
United States shall not permit any location-specific environmental
sampling in the United States under Article 5 of the Additional
Protocol unless the President has determined and reported to the
appropriate congressional committees with respect to that proposed
use of environmental sampling that—
(1) the proposed use of location-specific environmental sam-
pling is necessary to increase the capability of the IAEA to
detect undeclared nuclear activities in the territory of a non-
nuclear-weapon State Party;
(2) the proposed use of location-specific environmental sam-
pling will not result in access by the IAEA to locations, activi-
ties, or information of direct national security significance; and
(3) with respect to the proposed use of environmental sam-
pling, the United States—
(A) has been provided sufficient opportunity for con-
sultation with the IAEA if the IAEA has requested com-
plementary access involving location-specific environmental
sampling; or
President.
22 USC 8153.
22 USC 8152.
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(B) has requested under Article 8 of the Additional
Protocol that the IAEA engage in complementary access
in the United States that involves the use of location-
specific environmental sampling.
SEC. 254. RULE OF CONSTRUCTION.
As used in this subtitle, the term ‘‘necessary to increase the
capability of the IAEA to detect undeclared nuclear activities in
the territory of a non-nuclear-weapon State Party’’ shall not be
construed to encompass proposed uses of environmental sampling
that might assist the IAEA in detecting undeclared nuclear activi-
ties in the territory of a non-nuclear-weapon State Party by—
(1) setting a good example of cooperation in the conduct
of such sampling; or
(2) facilitating the formation of a political consensus or
political support for such sampling in the territory of a non-
nuclear-weapon State Party.
Subtitle F—Protection of National Security
Information and Activities
SEC. 261. PROTECTION OF CERTAIN INFORMATION.
(a) LOCATIONS AND FACILITIES OF DIRECT NATIONAL SECURITY
SIGNIFICANCE.—No current or former Department of Defense or
Department of Energy location, site, or facility of direct national
security significance shall be declared or be subject to IAEA inspec-
tion under the Additional Protocol.
(b) INFORMATION
OF
DIRECT
NATIONAL
SECURITY
SIGNIFI-
CANCE.—No information of direct national security significance
regarding any location, site, or facility associated with activities
of the Department of Defense or the Department of Energy shall
be provided under the Additional Protocol.
(c) RESTRICTED DATA.—Nothing in this title shall be construed
to permit the communication or disclosure to the IAEA or IAEA
employees of restricted data controlled by the provisions of the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954 (42 U.S.C. 2011 et seq.), including
in particular ‘‘Restricted Data’’ as defined under paragraph (1)
of section 11 y. of such Act (42 U.S.C. 2014(y)).
(d) CLASSIFIED INFORMATION.—Nothing in this Act shall be
construed to permit the communication or disclosure to the IAEA
or IAEA employees of national security information and other classi-
fied information.
SEC. 262. IAEA INSPECTIONS AND VISITS.
(a) 
CERTAIN
INDIVIDUALS
PROHIBITED
FROM
OBTAINING
ACCESS.—No national of a country designated by the Secretary
of State under section 620A of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961
(22 U.S.C. 2371) as a government supporting acts of international
terrorism shall be permitted access to the United States to carry
out an inspection activity under the Additional Protocol or a related
safeguards agreement.
(b) PRESENCE OF UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PERSONNEL.—
IAEA inspectors shall be accompanied at all times by United States
Government personnel when inspecting sites, locations, facilities,
or activities in the United States under the Additional Protocol.
22 USC 8162.
22 USC 8161.
22 USC 8154.
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(c) VULNERABILITY AND RELATED ASSESSMENTS.—The President
shall conduct vulnerability, counterintelligence, and related assess-
ments not less than every 5 years to ensure that information
of direct national security significance remains protected at all
sites, locations, facilities, and activities in the United States that
are subject to IAEA inspection under the Additional Protocol.
Subtitle G—Reports
SEC. 271. REPORT ON INITIAL UNITED STATES DECLARATION.
Not later than 60 days before submitting the initial United
States declaration to the IAEA under the Additional Protocol, the
President shall submit to Congress a list of the sites, locations,
facilities, and activities in the United States that the President
intends to declare to the IAEA, and a report thereon.
SEC. 272. REPORT ON REVISIONS TO INITIAL UNITED STATES DEC-
LARATION.
Not later than 60 days before submitting to the IAEA any
revisions to the United States declaration submitted under the
Additional Protocol, the President shall submit to Congress a list
of any sites, locations, facilities, or activities in the United States
that the President intends to add to or remove from the declaration,
and a report thereon.
SEC. 273. CONTENT OF REPORTS ON UNITED STATES DECLARATIONS.
The reports required under section 271 and section 272 shall
present the reasons for each site, location, facility, and activity
being declared or being removed from the declaration list and
shall certify that—
(1) each site, location, facility, and activity included in
the list has been examined by each agency with national secu-
rity equities with respect to such site, location, facility, or
activity; and
(2) appropriate measures have been taken to ensure that
information of direct national security significance will not
be compromised at any such site, location, facility, or activity
in connection with an IAEA inspection.
SEC. 274. REPORT ON EFFORTS TO PROMOTE THE IMPLEMENTATION
OF ADDITIONAL PROTOCOLS.
Not later than 180 days after the entry into force of the Addi-
tional Protocol, the President shall submit to the appropriate
congressional committees a report on—
(1) measures that have been or should be taken to achieve
the adoption of additional protocols to existing safeguards
agreements signed by non-nuclear-weapon State Parties; and
(2) assistance that has been or should be provided by
the United States to the IAEA in order to promote the effective
implementation of additional protocols to existing safeguards
agreements signed by non-nuclear-weapon State Parties and
the verification of the compliance of such parties with IAEA
obligations, with a plan for providing any needed additional
funding.
22 USC 8174.
22 USC 8173.
22 USC 8172.
22 USC 8171.
President.
President.
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PUBLIC LAW 109–401—DEC. 18, 2006
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 5682 (S. 3709):
HOUSE 
REPORTS: 
No. 
109–590, 
Pt. 
1 
(Comm. 
on 
International
Relations) and 109–721 (Comm. of Conference).
SENATE REPORTS: No. 109–288 accompanying S. 3709 (Comm. on Foreign
Relations).
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 152 (2006):
July 26, considered and passed House.
Nov. 16, considered and passed Senate, amended, in lieu of S. 3709.
Dec. 8, House and Senate agreed to conference report.
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 42 (2006):
Dec. 18, Presidential remarks and statement.
SEC. 275. NOTICE OF IAEA NOTIFICATIONS.
The President shall notify Congress of any notifications issued
by the IAEA to the United States under Article 10 of the Additional
Protocol.
Subtitle H—Authorization of
Appropriations
SEC. 281. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.
There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may
be necessary to carry out this title.
Approved December 18, 2006.
22 USC 8181.
22 USC 8175.
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