National Literacy Act of 1991
PL 102-73 (H.R.751), enacted 07/25/1991

PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 333 
Public Law 102-73 
102d Congress 
An Act 
To enhance the literacy suid basic skills of adults, to ensure that all adults in the 
United States acquire the basic skills necessary to function effectively and achieve 
the greatest possible opportunity in their work and in their lives, and to strengthen 
and coordinate adult literacy programs. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE. 
This Act may be cited as the "National Literacy Act of 1991". 
SEC. 2. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds that— 
(1) nearly 80,000,000 adults in the United States have serious 
problems with literacy; 
(2) literacy problems are intergenerational and closely associ-
ated with poverty and pose a major threat to the economic well-
being of the United States; 
(3) present public and private literacy programs reach only a 
small portion of the population in need and often result in only 
minimal learning gains; 
(4) the prevention of illiteracy is essential to stem further 
growth in national illiteracy rates; 
(5) literacy programs generally lack adequate funding, ade-
quate coordination with other literacy programs, and an ade-
quate investment in teacher training and technology; 
(6) access to better information about the best practices in the 
literacy field and more research in order to provide better 
diagnostic and instructional tools are essential for the improve-
ment of literacy and employability in the United States; 
(7) as many as 50,000,000 workers may have to be trained or 
retrained before the year 2000; 
(8) the supply of unskilled workers is increasing while the 
demand for unskilled labor is decreasing; 
(9) programs under the Adult Education Act, which are the 
largest Federal source of direct literacy services in the United 
States, serve only 10 percent of eligible participants; and 
(10) all public and private literacy programs serve only about 
19 percent of those who need help. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITION. 
For purposes of this Act the term "literacy" means an individual's 
ability to read, write, and speak in English, and compute and solve 
problems at levels of proficiency necessary to function on the job 
and in society, to achieve one's goals, and develop one's knowledge 
and potential. 
July 25, 1991 
[H.R. 751] 
National 
Literacy Act 
of 1991. 
Education. 
20 u s e 1201 
note. 
20 use 1201 
note. 
20 u s e 1201 
note. 
105 STAT. 334 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
TITLE I—LITERACY: STRATEGIC PLAN-
NING, RESEARCH, AND COORDINATION 
SEC. 101. LITERACY RELATED PROGRAMS IN THE DEPARTMENT OF EDU-
CATION. 
Section 202 of the Department of Education Organization Act (20 
U.S.C. 3412) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(h) The Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education, 
in addition to performing such functions as the Secretary may 
prescribe, shall have responsibility for coordination of all literacy 
'^ ^' 
related programs and policy initiatives in the Department. The 
Assistant Secretary for Vocational and Adult Education shall assist 
in coordinating the related activities and programs of other Federal 
departments and agencies.". 
SEC. 102. NATIONAL INSTITUTE FOR LITERACY. 
20 use 1213c 
(a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of the amendment made by this 
note. 
section to enhance the national effort to eliminate the problem of 
illiteracy by the year 2000 by improving research, development and 
information dissemination through a national research center. 
20 use 1213c 
(b) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— 
"°te. 
(1) much too little is known about how to improve access to, 
and enhance the effectiveness of, adult literacy programs, 
assessment tools, and evaluation efforts; 
(2) there is neither a reliable nor a central source of informa-
tion about the knowledge base in the area of literacy; 
(3) a national institute for literacy would— 
., 
(A) provide a national focal point for research, technical 
assistance and research dissemination, policy analysis, and 
, 
program evaluation in the area of literacy; and 
(B) facilitate a pooling of ideas and expertise across frag-
mented programs and research efforts, 
(c) AMENDMENT TO THE ADULT EDUCATION ACT.—Section 384 of the 
Adult Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1213c) is amended— 
(1) in the second sentence of subsection (a), by inserting after 
"shall include" the following: "the operation of the Institute 
established by subsection (c) and"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(c) ESTABLISHMENT.—(1) There is established the National In-
stitute for Literacy (in this section referred to as the 'Institute'). The 
Institute shall be administered under the terms of an interagency 
agreement entered into by the Secretary with the Secretary of 
Labor and the Secretary of Health and Human Services (in this 
section referred to as the 'Interagency Group'). The head of any 
other agency designated by the President may be involved in the 
operation of the Institute as fits the involvement of such agency in 
accomplishing the purposes of the Institute. The Secretary may 
include in the Institute any research and development center sup-
ported under section 405(d)(4XAXii) of the General Education Provi-
sions Act and any other center, institute, or clearinghouse 
established within the Department of Education whose purpose is 
determined by the Secretary to be related to the purpose of the 
Institute. 
"(2) The Institute shall have offices separate from the offices of 
any agency or department involved in the operation of the Institute. 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 335 
"(3) The Interagency Group shall consider the Board's rec-
ommendations in planning the goals of the Institute and in the 
implementation of any programs to achieve such goals. The daily 
operations of the Institute shall be carried out by the Director. If the 
Board's recommendations are not followed, the Interagency Group 
shall provide a written explanation to the Board concerning actions 
the Interagency Group has taken that includes the Interagency 
Group's reasons for not following the Board's recommendations with 
respect to such actions. The Board may also request a meeting with 
the Interagency Group to discuss the Board's recommendations. 
"(d) DUTIES.—(1) The Institute is authorized, in order to improve 
and expand the system for delivery of literacy services, to— 
"(A) assist appropriate Federal agencies in setting specific 
objectives and strategies for meeting the goals of this title and 
in measuring the progress of such agencies in meeting such 
goals; 
"(B) conduct basic and applied research and demonstrations 
on literacy, including— 
"(i) how adulte learn to read and write and acquire other 
skills; 
"(ii) how the literacy skills of parents affect the ability of 
children to learn literacy skills; 
"(iii) the assessment of literacy skills and the develop-
ment of instructional techniques; 
"(iv) the best methods for assisting adults and families to 
acquire literacy skills, including the use of technology; 
"(v) the special literacy needs of individuals with learning 
disabilities and individuals with limited English pro-
ficiency; 
"(vi) how to effectively reach and teach the most 
^ 
educationally disadvantaged individuals; 
"(vii) the use of technology and other studies which will 
increase the literacy knowledge base, use but not duplicate 
the work of other research services, and build on the efforts 
of such other research services; and 
"(viii) how to attract, train, and retrain professional and 
volunteer teachers of literacy; 
"(C) assist Federal, State, and local agencies in the develop-
ment, implementation, and evaluation of policy with respect to 
literacy by— 
"(i) establishing a national data base with respect to— 
"(I) literacy and basic skills programs, including 
programs in Federal departments. State agencies, and 
local agencies, and programs that are 
privately 
supported through nonprofit entities and for profit 
entities; 
"(II) assessment tools and outcome measures; 
"(III) the amount and quality of basic education pro-
vided in the workplace by businesses and industries; 
and 
"(IV) progress made toward the national literacy 
goals; and 
"(ii) providing technical and policy assistance to govern-
ment entities for the improvement of policy and programs 
relating to literacy and the development of model systems 
' 
for implementing and coordinating Federal literacy pro-
;• 
grams that can be replicated at the State and local level; 
105 STAT. 336 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
"(D) provide program assistance, training, and technical 
assistance for literacy programs throughout the United States 
in order to improve the effectiveness of such programs and to 
increase the number of such programs, which assistance and 
training shall— 
"(i) be based on the best available research and knowl-
edge; and 
"(ii) be coordinated with activities conducted by— 
"(I) regional educational 
laboratories 
supported 
under section 405(d)(4)(AXi) of the General Education 
Provisions Act; 
"(II) curriculum centers assisted under 
section 
251(aX8) of the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied 
Technology Education Act; and 
"(III) other educational and training entities that 
provide relevant technical assistance; 
"(E) collect and disseminate information to Federal, State, 
and local entities with respect to literacy methods that show 
great promise (including effective methods of assessment, effec-
tive literacy programs, and other information obtained through 
research or practice relating to adult and family learning that 
would increase the capacity and quality of literacy programs in 
the United States), using a variety of methods to ensure that the 
best information is received by State and local providers of 
literacy services; 
"(F) review and make recommendations regarding— 
"(i) ways to achieve uniformity 
among 
reporting 
requirements; 
"(ii) the development of performance measures; and 
"(iii) the development of standards for program effective-
ness of literacy-related Federal programs; and 
"(G) provide a toll-free long-distance telephone line for lit-
eracy providers and volunteers. 
"(2) The Institute may enter into contracts or cooperative agree-
ments with, or m£ike grants to, individuals, public or private non-
profit institutions, agencies, organizations, or consortia of such 
institutions, agencies, or organizations to carry out the activities of 
the Institute. Such grants, contracts, or agreements shall be subject 
to the laws and regulations that generally apply to grants, contracts, 
or Eigreements entered into by Federal agencies. 
"(e) LITERACY LEADERSHIP.—(1) The Institute is, in consultation 
with the Board, authorized to award fellowships, with such stipends 
and allowances that the Director considers necessary, to outstanding 
individuals pursuing careers in adult education or literacy in the 
areas of instruction, management, research, or innovation. 
"(2) Fellowships awarded under this subsection shall be used, 
under the auspices of the Institute, to engage in research, education, 
training, technical assistance, or other activities to advance the field 
of adult education or literacy, including the training of volunteer 
literacy providers at the national. State, or local level. 
"(3) Individuals receiving fellowships pursuant to this subsection 
shall be known as 'Literacy Leader Fellows'. 
Establishment. 
"(f) NATIONAL INSTITUTE BoARD.—(IXA) There is established the 
National Institute Board (in this section referred to as the 'Board'). 
The Board shall consist of 10 individuals appointed by the President 
with the advice and consent of the Senate from individuals who— 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 337 
"(i) are not otherwise officers or employees of the Federal 
Government; 
"(ii) are representative of entities or groups described in 
subparagraph (B); and 
J 
"(iii) are chosen from recommendations made to the President 
by individuals who represent such entities or groups. 
-. "(B) Entities or groups described in this subparagraph are— 
"(i) literacy organizations and providers of literacy services, 
including— 
"(I) providers of literacy services receiving assistance 
under this Act; and 
"(II) nonprofit providers of literacy services; 
"(ii) businesses that have demonstrated interest in literacy 
programs; 
"(iii) literacy students; 
"(iv) experts in the area of literacy research; 
^ 
"(v) State and local governments; and 
"(vi) organized labor. 
"(2) The Board shall— 
"(A) make recommendations concerning the appointment of 
the Director and staff of the Institute; 
"(B) provide independent advice on the operation of the In-
stitute; and 
"(C) receive reports from the Interagency Group and the 
Director. 
"(3) The Interagency Group may carry out the duties of the Board 
until the expiration of the 180-day period beginning on the date of 
the enactment of the National Literacy Act of 1991. 
"(4) Except as otherwise provided, the Board established by this 
subsection shall be subject to the provisions of the Federal Advisory 
Committee Act. 
"(5)(A) Each member of the Board shall be appointed for a term of 
3 years. Any such member may be appointed for not more than 2 
consecutive terms. 
"(B) Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring before the 
expiration of the term for which the member's predecessor was 
appointed shall be appointed only for the remainder of that term. A 
member may serve after the expiration of that members' term until 
a successor has taken office. A vacancy in the Board shall be filled in 
the manner in which the original appointment was made. A vacancy 
in the Board shall not affect the powers of the Board. 
"(6) A majority of the members of the Board shall constitute a 
quorum but a lesser number may hold hearings. Any recommenda-
tion may be passed only by a majority of its members present. 
"(7) The Chairperson and Vice Chairperson of the Board shall be 
elected by the members. The term of office of the Chairperson and 
Vice Chairperson shall be 2 years. 
"(8) The Board shall meet at the call of the Chairperson or a 
maiority of its members. 
(g) GIFTS, BEQUESTS, AND DEVISES.—The Institute and the Board 
may accept (but not solicit), use, and dispose of gifts, bequests, or 
devises of services or property, both real and personal, for the 
purpose of aiding or facilitating the work of the Institute or the 
Board, respectively. Gifts, bequests, or devises of money and pro-
ceeds from sales of other property received £is gifts, bequests, or 
devises shall be deposited in the Treasury and shall be available for 
disbursement upon order of the Institute or the Board, respectively. 
105 STAT. 338 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
"(h) MAILS.—The Board and the Institute may use the United 
States mails in the same manner and under the same conditions as 
other departments and agencies of the United States. 
"(i) STAFF.—The Interagency Group, after 
considering rec-
ommendations made by the Board, shall appoint and fix the pay of a 
Director. 
"(j) APPUCABILTTY OF CERTAIN CIVIL SERVICE LAWS.—The Director 
and staff of the Institute may be appointed without regard to the 
provisions of title 5, United States Code,^ governing appointments in 
the competitive service, and may be paid without regard to the 
provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chapter 53 of that title 
relating to classification and General Schedule pay rates, except 
that an individual so appointed may not receive pay in excess of the 
annual rate of basic pay payable for GS-18 of the General Schedule. 
"(k) EXPERTS AND CONSULTANTS.—The Board and the Institute 
may procure temporary and intermittent services under section 
3109(b) of title 5, United States Code. 
"(1) REPORT.—The Institute shall submit a report to the Congress 
in each of the first 2 years in which it receives assistance under this 
section, and shall submit a report biennially thereafter. Each report 
submitted under this subsection shall include— 
"(1) a comprehensive and detailed description of the In-
stitute's operations, activities, financial condition, and accom-
plishments in the field of literacy for such fiscal year; 
"(2) a description of how plans for the operation of the 
Institute for the succeeding fiscal year will facilitate achieve-
ment of the goals of the Institute and the goals of the literacy 
programs within the Department of Education, the Department 
of Labor, and the Department of Health and Human Services; 
and 
"(3) any additional minority, or dissenting views submitted by 
members of the Board. 
"(m) NoNDUPLiCATiON.—The Institute shall not duplicate any 
functions carried out by the Secretary pursuant to subsection (a) or 
(b). This subsection shall not be construed to prohibit the Secretary 
from delegating such functions to the Institute. 
"(n) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—(1) There are authorized 
to be appropriated for purposes of operating the Institute estab-
lished by subsection (c) $15,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1992, 
1993,1994, and 1995. 
"(2) Any amounts appropriated to the Secretary, the Secretary of 
Labor, the Secretary of Health and Human Services, or any other 
department that participates in the Institute for purposes that the 
Institute is authorized to perform under this section may be pro-
vided to the Institute for such purposes.". 
SEC. 103. STATE LITERACY RESOURCE CENTERS. 
Part B of the Adult Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1203 et seq.) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating subpart 7 as subpart 8; and 
(2) by inserting after subpart 6 the following: 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 339 
"Subpart 7—State Literacy Resource Centers 
"SEC. 356. STATE LITERACY RESOURCE CENTERS. 
20 USC 1208aa. 
"(a) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to assist State and 
Grants, 
local public and private nonprofit efforts to eliminate illiteracy 
through a program of State literacy resource center grants to— 
"(1) stimulate the coordination of literacy services, 
"(2) enhance the capacity of State and local organizations to 
provide literacy services, and 
"(3) serve as a reciprocal link between the National Institute 
for Literacy and service providers for the purpose of sharing 
information, data, research, and expertise and literacy re-
sources. 
"Q}) ESTABLISHMENT.—From amounts appropriated pursuant to 
subsection (k), the Secretary is authorized to make grants for pur-
poses of establishing a network of State or regional adult literacy 
resource centers. 
"(c) ALLOTMENT.—(1) From sums available for purposes of making 
grants under this section for any fiscal year, the Secretary shall 
allot to each State having an approved application under subsection 
(h) an amount that bears the same ratio to such sums as the amount 
allotted to such State under section 313(b) for the purpose of making 
grants under section 321 bears to the aggregate amount allotted to 
all States under such section for such purpose. 
"(2) The chief executive officer of each State that receives its 
allotment under this section shall contract on a competitive basis 
with the State educational agency, 1 or more local educational 
agencies, a State office on literacy, a volunteer organization, a 
community-based organization, institution of higher education, or 
other nonprofit entity to operate a State literacy resource center. No 
applicant participating in a competition pursuant to the preceding 
sentence shall participate in the review of its own application. 
"(d) USE OF FUNDS.—Funds provided to each State under subsec-
tion (c)(1) to carry out this section shall be used to conduct activities 
to— 
"(1) improve and promote the diffusion and adoption of state-
of-the-art teaching methods, technologies and program evalua-
tions; 
"(2) develop innovative approaches to the coordination of 
literacy services within and among States and with the Federal 
Government; 
"(3) assist public and private agencies in coordinating the 
delivery of literacy services; 
"(4) encourage government and industry partnerships, includ-
' 
ing partnerships with small businesses, private nonprofit 
organizations, and community-based organizations; 
"(5) encourage innovation and experimentation in literacy 
activities that will enhance the delivery of literacy services and 
address emerging problems; 
"(6) provide technical and policy assistance to State and local 
governments and service providers to improve literacy policy 
and programs and access to such programs; 
"(7) provide training and technical assistance to literacy 
instructors in reading instruction and in— 
105 STAT. 340 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
"(A) selecting and making the most effective use of state-
of-the-art methodologies, instructional materials, and tech-
nologies such as— 
"(i) computer assisted instruction; 
"(ii) video tapes; 
"(iii) interactive systems; and 
"(iv) data link systems; or 
"(B) assessing learning style, screening for learning 
disabilities, and providing individualized remedial reading 
instruction; or 
"(8) encourage and facilitate the training of full-time profes-
sional adult educators. 
"(e) ALTERNATIVE USES OF EQUIPMENT.—Equipment purchases 
pursuant to this section, when not being used to carry out the 
provisions of this section, may be used for other instructional pur-
poses if^ 
"(1) the acquisition of the equipment was reasonable and 
necessary for the purpose of conducting a properly designed 
project or activity under this section; 
"(2) the equipment is used after regular program hours or on 
weekends; and 
"(3) such other use is— 
"(A) incidental to the use of the equipment under this 
section; 
"(B) does not interfere with the use of the equipment 
under this section; and 
"(C) does not add to the cost of using the equipment under 
this section. 
"(f) LIMITATION.—Not more than 10 percent of amounts received 
under any grant received under this section shall be used to pur-
chase computer hardware or software. 
"(g) SPECIAL RULE.—(1) Each State receiving funds pursuant to 
this section may not use more than 5 percent of such funds to 
establish a State advisory council on adult education and literacy (in 
this section referred to as the 'State council') pursuant to section 
332. 
"(2) Each State receiving funds pursuant to this section may use 
such funds to support an established State council to the extent that 
such State council meets the requirements of section 332. 
"(3) Each State receiving funds pursuant to this paragraph to 
establish or support a State council pursuant to section 332 shall 
provide matching funds on a doUar-for-doUar basis. 
"(h) APPLICATIONS.—Each State or group of States, as appropriate, 
that desires to receive a grant under this section for a regional adult 
literacy resource center, a State adult literacy resource center, or 
both shall submit to the Secretary an application that has been 
reviewed and commented on by the State council, where appro-
priate, and that describes how the State or group of States will— 
"(1) develop a literacy resource center or expand an existing 
literacy resource center; 
"(2) provide services and activities with the assistance pro-
vided under this section; 
"(3) assure access to services of the center for the maximum 
participation of all public and private programs and organiza-
tions providing or seeking to provide basic skills instruction, 
including local educational agencies, agencies responsible for 
corrections education, service delivery areas under the Job 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 341 
Training Partnership Act, welfare agencies, labor organizations, 
businesses, volunteer groups, and community-based organiza-
tions; 
"(4) address the measurable goals for improving literacy 
levels as set forth in the plan submitted pursuant to section 842; 
and 
"(5) develop procedures for the coordination of literacy activi-
ties for statewide and local literacy efforts conducted by public 
and private organizations, and for enhancing the systems of 
service delivery. 
"(i) PAYMENTS; FEDERAL SHARE.—(1) The Secretary shall pay to 
each State having an application approved pursuant to subsection 
(h) the Federal share of the cost of the activities described in the 
application. 
"(2) The Federal share— 
"(A) for each of the first 2 fiscal years in which the State 
receives funds under this section shall not exceed 80 percent; 
"(B) for each of the third and fourth fiscal years in which the 
State receives funds under this section shall not exceed 70 
percent; and 
"(C) for the fifth and each succeeding fiscal year in which the 
State receives funds under this section shall not exceed 60 
percent. 
"(3) The non-Federal share of payments under this section may be 
in cash or in kind, fairly evaluated, including plant, equipment, or 
services. 
"(j) REGIONAL CENTERS.—(1) A group of States may enter into an 
interstate agreement to develop and operate a regional adult lit-
eracy resource center for purposes of receiving assistance under this 
section if the States determine that a regional approach is more 
appropriate for their situation. 
"(2) Any State that receives assistance under this section as part 
of a regional center shall only be required to provide under subsec-
tion (i) 50 percent of the funds such State would otherwise be 
required to provide under such subsection. 
"(3) In any fiscal year in which the amount a State will receive 
under this section is less than $100,000, the Secretary may designate 
the State to receive assistance under this section only as part of a 
regional center. 
"(4) The provisions of paragraph (3) shall not apply to any State 
that can demonstrate to the Secretary that the total amount of 
Federal, State, local and private funds expended to carry out the 
purposes of this section would equal or exceed $100,000. 
"(5) In any fiscal year in which paragraph (2) applies, the Sec-
retary may allow certain States that receive assistance as part of a 
regional center to reserve a portion of such assistance for a State 
adult literacy resource center pursuant to this section. 
"(k) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated to carry out the provisions of this section 
$25,000,000 for each of the fiscal years 1992 and 1993, and such sums 
as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1994 and 1995.". 
105 STAT. 342 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
fnXsf"'"'* 
TITLE II—WORKFORCE LITERACY 
20 u s e 1211-1. 
SEC. 201. NATIONAL WORKFORCE LITERACY ASSISTANCE COLLABO-
RATIVE. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—There is established in the Department of 
Labor a National Workforce Literacy Assistance Collaborative (in 
this subsection referred to as the "Collaborative") to improve the 
basic skills of individuals, especially those individuals who are 
marginally employed or unemployed with low basic skills and lim-
ited opportunity for long-term employment and advancement, by 
assisting small- and medium-sized businesses, business associations 
that represent small- and medium-sized businesses, and labor 
organizations to develop and implement literacy programs tailored 
to the needs of the workforce. 
(b) FUNCTIONS.—The Collaborative shall— 
(1) develop and implement a plan for providing small- and 
medium-sized businesses with the technical assistance required 
to address the literacy needs of their workforce; 
(2) monitor the development of workforce literacy training 
programs and identify best practices and successful small- and 
medium-sized business program models; 
(3) inform businesses and unions of research findings and best 
practices regarding exemplary curricula, instructional tech-
niques, training models, and the use of technology as a training 
tool in the workplace; 
(4) provide technical assistance to help businesses assess 
individual worker literacy skill needs, implement workforce 
literacy training programs, and evaluate training program 
effectiveness; 
(5) promote cooperation and coordination among State and 
local agencies and the private sector to obtain maximum uses of 
existing literacy and basic skills training resources; 
(6) conduct regional and State small business workforce lit-
eracy meetings to increase program effectiveness and account-
ability; 
(7) establish cooperative arrangements with the National In-
stitute for Literacy and other centers involved in literacy and 
basic skills research and development activities; and 
(8) prepare and produce written and video materials nec-
essary to support technical assistance and information dissemi-
nation efforts. 
(c) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated for purposes of carrying out this section $5,000,000 
for each of the fiscal years 1992,1993,1994, and 1995. 
SEC. 202. GRANTS FOR NATIONAL WORKFORCE LITERACY STRATEGIES. 
Section 371 of the Adult Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1211) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by inserting after "Secretary" the 
following: ", in consultation with the Secretary of Labor 
and the Administrator of the Small Business Administra-
tion,"; 
(B) in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking "and" and inserting a comma; and 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 343 
(ii) by inserting after "local educational agencies" the 
following: ", and other entities described in paragraph «
" 
(1) that receive grants under this subsection"; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
"(5) In awarding grants under this section, the Secretary shall Small business, 
give priority to applications from partnerships that include small 
businesses. 
"(6) The Secretary is authorized to award grants under this 
section for a period not to exceed 3 years."; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "subsection (c)" and 
inserting "subsection (e)"; 
(B) in subparagraph (B) of paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking "and" the first place it appears and 
inserting a comma; and 
(ii) by inserting after "local educational agencies" the 
following: ", and other entities described in paragraph 
(1) that receive grants under this subsection"; and 
(C) in paragraph (7), by amending subparagraph (B) to 
read as follows: 
"(B) From the sum appropriated for each fiscal year under subsec-
tion (c) for any fiscal year in which appropriations equal or exceed 
$50,000,000, the Secretary shall allot to each State (as defined in 
section 312(7)) an amount proportionate to the amount such State 
receives under section 313."; 
(3) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (e); 
(4) by inserting after subsection (b) the following: 
"(c) GRANT FOR NATIONAL WORKFORCE LITERACY STRATEGIES.—(1) 
In any fiscal year in which amounts appropriated pursuant to the 
authorization 
contained 
in 
subsection 
(e) equal 
or 
exceed 
$25,000,000, the Secretary shall reserve not more than $5,000,000 to 
establish a program of grants to facilitate the design and im-
plementation of national strategies to assist unions, unions in 
collaboration with programs eligible for assistance under this Act 
and businesses, and small- and medium-sized businesses to effec-
tively provide literacy and basic skills training to workers. 
"(2) Grants awarded under this subsection shall pay the Federal 
share of the cost of programs to establish large-scale national strate-
gies in workforce literacy, which may include the following activi-
ties: 
"(A) Basic skills training that is— 
"(i) cost-effective; 
"(ii) needed by employees; and 
"(iii) required by employers to establish a trainable 
workforce that can take advantage of further job specific 
training and advance the productivity of the labor force on 
an individual, industry, or national level. 
"(B) Specific program offerings, which may include— 
"(i) English as a second language instruction; 
"(ii) communications skill building; 
"(iii) interpersonal skill building; 
"(iv) reading and writing skill building; and 
"(v) computation and problem solving. 
"(C) Appropriate assessments of the literacy and basic skills 
needs of individual workers and the skill levels required by 
business. 
105 STAT. 344 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
Federal 
Register, 
publication. 
Appropriation 
authorization. 
"(D) Cooperative arrangements with other organizations in-
volved in providing literacy and basic skills training, including 
adult education organizations, vocational education organiza-
tions, 
community 
and junior 
colleges, 
community-based 
organizations, State level agencies, and private industry coun-
cils. 
"(E) The establishment as appropriate of technology-based 
learning environments, such £is computer-based learning cen-
ters. 
"(3) Any partnership described in subsection (a)(1) that desires to 
receive a grant under this subsection shall submit a proposal to the 
Secretary. The proposal shall contain a plan specifying a strategy 
for designing and implementing workforce literacy and basic skills 
training for workers, and justifying the national, statewide, or 
industry-wide importance of this strategy. The proposal shall in-
clude— 
"(A) a demonstration of need for literacy and basic skills 
training; 
"(B) a description of the business or industry for which the 
strategy is to be established; 
"(C) a statement of specific, measurable goals and participant 
outcomes; 
"(D) a strategy for achieving the goals, including a description 
of the process to identify literacy and basic skills required by 
employers and the skills of individual workers, and a descrip-
tion of the specific services to be provided; and 
"(E) a description of the costs of the activities to be under-
taken. 
"(4) The Secretary shall develop a formal process for the submis-
sion of proposals and publish an announcement in the Federal 
Register with respect to that process and the availability of grants 
under this subsection. 
"(5) The Federal share of the cost of a program assisted under this 
subsection shall not exceed 70 percent. 
"(6) The Secretary shall give priority for grants under this subsec-
tion to proposals to carry out activities described in paragraph (2)(D). 
"(7) In awarding grants under this subsection, the Secretary may 
consider geographic factors, such as rural and urban areas and 
national distribution. 
"(8) Of the grants awarded under this subsection each year, not 
less than 5 shall each be for an amount that is not less than 
$500,000. 
"(d) EVALUATION.—The Secretary shall reserve not more than 2 
percent of any amount appropriated pursuant to the authorization 
contained in subsection (e) for the purpose of carrying out an 
independent evaluation of the effectiveness of programs assisted 
under this section in improving the literacy and basic skills of 
workers and the productivity of employees, including potential for 
the replicability or adaption of such programs."; and 
(5) in subsection (e) (as redesignated by paragraph (3)) by 
striking paragraph (1) and inserting the following: 
"(1) There are authorized to be appropriated for purposes of 
carrying out this section such sums as may be necessary for the 
- 
fiscal year 1991, $60,000,000 for the fiscal year 1992, and such 
sums as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1993,1994, 
and 1995.". 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 345 
TITLE III—INVESTMENT IN LITERACY 
SEC. 301. AMENDMENTS TO THE ADULT EDUCATION ACT. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 313 of the Adult 
Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1201b) is amended in subsection (a) by 
striking "$200,000,000" and all that follows through "1993" and 
inserting the following: "such sums as may be necessary for the 
fiscal year 1991, $260,000,000 for the fiscal year 1992, and such sums 
as may be necessary for each of the fiscal years 1993, 1994, and 
1995". 
0?) USE OF FUNDS.—Subsection (a) of section 322 of the Adult 
Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1203b(a)) is amended— 
20 use I203a. 
(1) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows: 
"(1) Grants to States under this subpart shall be used in Grants, 
accordance with State plans (and amendments thereto) ap-
proved under sections 341 and 351, to pay the Federal share of 
the cost of the establishment or expansion of adult education 
programs to be carried out by local educational agencies, correc-
tional education eigencies, community-based 
organizations, 
public or private nonprofit agencies, postsecondary educational 
institutions, and other institutions that have the ability to 
provide literacy services to adults and families. Each State 
educational agency receiving financial assistance under this 
subpart shall provide assurance that local educational agencies, 
public or private nonprofit agencies, community-based organiza-
tions, correctional education agencies, postsecondary edu-
cational institutions, and institutions which serve educationally 
disadvantaged adults will be provided direct and equitable 
access to all Federal funds provided under this subpart. Failure 
to provide the assurance required by the preceding sentence 
shall disqualify a State from receiving its allotment under this 
title. In determining which programs shall receive assistance 
under this paragraph, the State shall consider— 
"(A) the past effectiveness of applicants in providing 
services (especially with respect to recruitment and reten-
tion of educationally disadvantaged adults and the learning 
gains demonstrated by such adults); 
"(B) the degree to which the applicant will coordinate and 
utilize other literacy and social services available in the 
community; and 
"(C) the commitment of the applicant to serve individuals 
in the community that are most in need of literacy serv-
ices."; 
(2) in paragraph (3)— 
(A) by striking the first sentence; 
(B) by inserting after "sources;" the following: "the pro-
jected goals of the applicant with respect to participant 
recruitment, retention, and educational achievement and 
how the applicant will measure and report progress in 
meeting its goals;"; 
(C) by striking "the Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education 
Act" and inserting "the Carl D. Perkins Vocational and 
Applied Technologv Education Act"; and 
(D) by striking the Education of the Handicapped Act" 
and inserting "the Individuals with Disabilities Education 
Act"; 
105 STAT. 346 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
(3) in paragraph (4)— 
(A) by striking "(A)"; 
(B) by inserting after "adults" the following: ", particu-
larly in areas with a high proportion of adults who do not 
have a certificate of graduation from a school providing 
secondary education or its equivalent"; and 
(C) by striking subparagraph (B); 
(4) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) (as amended by 
paragraphs (2) and (3) of this subsection) as paragraphs (4) and 
(5), respectively; and 
(5) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: 
"(3)(A) Grants to States provided under this section shall also 
be used for competitive 2-year grants to public housing authori-
ties for literacy programs and related activities. Any public 
housing authority that receives a grant under this subpara-
graph shall consult with local adult education providers in 
conducting programs and activities with assistance provided 
under the grant. Any grant provided under this subparagraph 
shall be referred to as a 'Gateway Grant'. 
Reports. 
"(B) The Secretary shall, not less often than every 2 years, 
evaluate any grants made under this paragraph and report the 
results of such evaluation to the Committee on Education and 
Labor of the House of Representatives and the Committee on 
Labor and Human Resources of the Senate.". 
(c) STATE ADMINISTRATION.—Section 331(a) of the Adult Education 
Act (20 U.S.C. 1205(a)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (2) and (3) as paragraphs (3) 
and (4), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following: 
"(2) within 2 years of the enactment of the National Literacy 
Act of 1991, the development and implementation, in consulta-
tion with a widely representative group of appropriate experts, 
educators, and administrators, of indicators of program quality 
to be used to evaluate programs assisted under this title, as 
required by section 352, to determine whether such programs 
are effective, including whether such programs are successfully 
recruiting, retaining, and improving the literacy skills of the 
individuals served in such programs;'. 
(d) STATE ADVISORY COUNCIL.—(1) The heading for section 332 of 
the Adult Education Act is amended to read as follows: 
"SEC. 332. STATE ADVISORY COUNCIL ON ADULT EDUCATION AND LIT-
ERACY.". 
(2) Section 332 of the Adult Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1205a) is 
amended— 
(A) in the first sentence of subsection (a)(1), by striking "adult 
education, appointed by the Governor" and inserting "adult 
education and literacy, appointed by, and responsible to, the 
Governor"; 
(B) in the second sentence of subsection (a)(1)— 
(i) by inserting "and literacy" after "adult education"; 
and 
(ii) by striking "consist" and all that follows through the 
period at the end and inserting the following: "consist o
f
— 
"(i) representatives of public education; 
"(ii) representatives of public and private sector employ-
ment; 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 347 
"(iii) representatives of recognized State labor organiza-
tions; 
"(iv) representatives of private literacy organizations, vol-
untary literacy organizations, and community-based lit-
eracy organizations; 
„^ 
"(v) the chief administrative officer of a State, or the 
designee of such officer; 
"(vi) representatives of— 
, 
"(I) the State educational agency; 
"(II) the State job training agency; 
"(III) the State human services agency; 
"(IV) the State public assistance agency; 
"(V) the State library program; and 
"(VI) the State economic development agency; 
"(vii) officers of the State government whose agencies 
provide funding for literacy services or who may be des-
ignated by the Grovernor or the Chairperson of the council 
to serve whenever matters within the jurisdiction of the 
agency headed by such an officer are to be considered by 
the council; and 
"(viii) classroom 
teachers 
who have 
demonstrated 
outstanding results in teaching children or adults to read."; 
(C) by amending subsection (d) to read as follows: 
"(d) PROCEDURES.—(1) Subject to paragraphs (2) and (3), the State 
advisory council shall determine its own procedures, staffing needs 
(subject to funding levels authorized by the chief executive officer of 
the State), and the number, time, place, and conduct of meetings. 
"(2) The State advisory council shall meet at least 4 times each 
year. At least 1 such meeting shall provide an opportunity for the 
general public to express views concerning adult education in the 
State. 
"(3) One member more than one-half of the members on the 
council shall constitute a quorum for the purpose of transmitting 
recommendations and proposals to the chief executive officer of the 
State, but a lesser number of members may constitute a quorum for 
other purposes."; 
(D) in subsection (f)— 
i 
(i) by amending paragraph (1) to read as follows: 
"(1) meet with the State agencies responsible for literacy 
training during the planning year to advise on the development 
of a State plan for literacy and for adult education that fulfills 
the literacy and adult education needs of the State, especially 
with respect to the needs of the labor market, economic develop-
ment goals, £uid the needs of the individuals in the Stete;'; 
(ii) by amending paragraph (2) to read as follows: 
"(2) advise the Governor, the State educational agency, and 
other Stete agencies concerning— 
"(A) the development and implementetion of measurable 
Stete literacy and adult education goals consistent with 
section 342(cX2), especially with respect to— 
"(i) improving levels of literacy in the Stete by ensur-
ing that all appropriate State agencies have specific 
objectives and strategies for such goals in a comprehen-
sive approach; 
"(ii) improving literacy programs in the Stete; and 
"(iii) fulfilling the long-term literacy goals of the 
Stete; 
105 STAT. 348 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
"(B) the coordination and monitoring of State literacy 
training programs in order to progress toward the long-
term literacy goals of the State; 
"(C) the improvement of the quality of literacy programs 
in the State by supporting the integration of services, staff 
training, and technology-based learning and the integration 
of resources of literacy programs conducted by various 
agencies of State government; and 
"(D) private sector initiatives that would improve adult 
education programs and literacy programs, especially 
through public-private partnerships;"; 
(iii) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (7); and 
(iv) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: 
"(3) review and comment on the plan submitted pursuant to 
section 356(h) and submit such comments to the Secretary; 
"(4) measure progress on meeting the goals and objectives 
established pursuant to paragraph (2XA); 
"(5) recommend model systems for implementing and coordi-
nating State literacy programs for replication at the local level; 
"(6) develop reporting requirements, standards for outcomes, 
performance measures, and program effectiveness in State pro-
grams, that are consistent with those proposed by the Inter-
agency Task Force on Literacy; and". 
(e) STATE PLAN.—Subsection (c) of section 342 of the Adult Edu-
cation Act (20 U.S.C. 1206a) is amended— 
(1) by amending paragraph (1) to read £is follows: 
"(1) describe and provide for the fulfillment of the literacy 
needs of individuals in the State;"; 
(2) by striking paragraph (9); 
(3) by redesignating paragraphs (2) through (8) as paragraphs 
(3) through (9), respectively; 
(4) by inserting after paragraph (1) the following: 
"(2) set forth measurable goals for improving literacy levels, 
retention in literacy programs, and long-term learning gains of 
individuals in the State and describe a comprehensive approach 
for achieving such goals, including the development of indica-
tors of program quality as required by section 331(aX2);"; 
(5) in paragraph (4) (as redesignated by paragraph (3) of this 
section)— 
(A) by striking "the use o f and inserting "coordination 
by"; 
(B) by striking "other than" and inserting "including"; 
and 
(C) by striking "such as" the second place such term 
appears; 
(6) by striking "and" at the end of paragraph (12); 
(7) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (13) and 
inserting a semicolon; and 
(8) by adding at the end the following: 
"(14) report the amount of administrative funds spent on 
program improvements; and 
"(15) contain assurances that financial assistance provided 
pursuant to this title shall be used to assist and expand existing 
programs and to develop new programs for adults whose lack of 
basic skills— 
"(A) renders them unemployable; 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 349 
"(B) keeps them, whether employed or unemployed, from 
functioning independently in society; and 
"(C) severely reduces their ability to have a positive effect 
on the literacy of their children.". 
(f) EVALUATION.—Section 352 of the Adult Education Act (20 
U.S.C. 1207a) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph 1— 
(A) by striking "data to the Secretary" and inserting the 
following: "to the Secretary and make public within the 
State data"; 
(B) by inserting before the semicolon the following: ", 
including— 
"(A) the number and percentage of local educational 
agencies, community-based organizations, volunteer groups, 
and other organizations that are grant recipients; and 
"(B) results of the evaluations carried out as required by 
paragraph (2) in the year preceding the year for which the 
data is submitted"; 
(2) in paragraph (2)— 
(A) by striking "before the end" and all that follows 
through "shall consider" and inserting the following: 
"evaluate 20 percent of the grant recipients each year so 
that at the end of such period 80 percent of all grant 
recipients shall have been evaluated once and such evalua-
tions shall consider, at a minimum"; 
(B) by redesignating subparagraphs (A) through (D) as 
subparagraphs (B) through (E), respectively; 
(C) by inserting before subparagraph (B) (as redesignated 
by subparagraph (B) of this paragraph) the following: 
"(A) the projected goals of the grant recipient as de-
scribed in its application pursuant to section 322(a)(3);"; 
(D) by amending subparagraph (D) (as redesignated by 
subparagraph (B) of this paragraph) to read as follows: 
"(D) the success of the grant recipient in meeting the 
State's indicators of program quality after such indicators 
are developed as required by section 331(a)(2); and"; and 
(E) by striking "and" at the end. 
(g) TEACHER TRAINING.—(1) Subsection (a) of section 353 of the 
Adult Education Act (20 U.S.C. 1208(a)) is amended— 
(A) by striking "and" at the end of paragraph (1); 
(B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph (2) and 
inserting "; and'^ and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
"(3) training professional teachers, volunteers, and adminis-
trators, with particular emphasis on— 
"(A) training— 
"(i) full-time professional adult educators; 
"(ii) minority adult educators; 
"(iii) educators of adults with limited English pro-
ficiency; and 
"(B) training teachers to recognize and more effectively 
serve illiterate individuals with learning disabilities and 
individuals who have a reading ability below the fifth grade 
level.". 
(2) Section 353 of the Adult Education Act (as amended by para-
graph (1) of this subsection) (20 U.S.C. 1208) is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a), by striking "10" and inserting "15"; and 
105 STAT. 350 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
(B) by amending subsection (b) to read as follows: 
"(b) SPECIAL RULE.—At least % of the 15 percent reserved pursu-
ant to subsection (a) shall be used to carry out the provisions of 
paragraphs (2) and (3) of subsection (a).". 
(h) FEDERAL RESPONSIBIUTY.—Section 361 of the Adult Education 
Act (20 U.S.C. 1209) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(c) FEDERAL RESPONSIBILITY.—Within 1 year after the enactment 
of the National Literacy Act of 1991, the Secretary, in consultation 
with appropriate experts, educators, and administrators, shall de-
velop indicators of program quality that may be used by State and 
local programs receiving assistance under this title as models by 
which to judge the success of such programs, including success in 
recruitment and retention of students and improvement in the 
literacy skills of students. Such indicators shall take into account 
different conditions under which programs operate and shall be 
modified as better means of assessing program quality are devel-
oped.". 
SEC. 302. TARGETED ASSISTANCE. 
Section 1531(b) of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 
1965 (20 U.S.C. 2941) is amended by— 
(1) redesignating paragraphs (5) and (6) as paragraphs (6) and 
(7), respectively; and 
(2) inserting the following new paragraph (5) after paragraph 
(4): 
"(5) programs of training to enhance the ability of teachers 
and school counselors to identify, particularly in the early 
grades, students with reading and reading-related problems 
that place such students at risk for illiteracy in their adult 
years;". 
SEC. 303. AMENDMENTS TO THE EVEN START PROGRAM. 
(a) AMENDMENT TO FART HEADING.—The heading for part B of 
chapter 1 of title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act 
of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2741 et seq.) is amended to read as follows: 
"PART B—EVEN START FAMILY LITERACY 
PROGRAMS". 
(b) STATE GRANT PROGRAM.—Section 1052 of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2742) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking "local educational agencies or 
consortia of such agencies" and inserting "eligible entities"; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by inserting "(1)" before "In"; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
"(2) In any fiscal year in which this subsection applies, no State 
shall award a grant under this part for an amount less than $75,000. 
"(3) In any year in which this subsection applies, each State that 
receives a grant under this part may use not more than 5 percent of 
assistance provided under the grant for costs o
f
— 
"(A) administration; and 
"(B) the provision, through grant or contract, of technical 
assistance for program improvement and replication to eligible 
entities that receive grants under this part."; 
(3) by redesignating subsection (c) as subsection (d); 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 351 
(4) by inserting after subsection (h) the following new subsec-
tion: 
"(c) RESERVATION.—From amounts appropriated for purposes of 
carrjdng out this part, the Secretary may reserve an amount equal 
to not more than 2 percent of such amounts or the amount reserved 
for such purposes in the fiscal year 1991, whichever is greater, for 
purposes o
f
— 
"(1) carrjdng out the evaluation required by section 1058; and 
"(2) providing, through grant or contract, technical assistance 
for program improvement and replication to eligible entities 
that receive grants under this part."; and 
(5) by amending subsection (d) (as redesignated by paragraph 
(3)) to read as follows: 
"(d) DEFINITIONS.—For the purpose of this part: 
"(1) The term 'eligible entity' means— 
"(A) a local educational agency applying in collaboration 
with a community-based organization, public agency, 
institution of higher education, or other nonprofit organiza-
tion; or 
"(B) a community-based organization, or other nonprofit 
organization of demonstrated quality applying in collabora-
tion with a local educational agency. 
"(2) The terms 'Indian tribe' and 'tribal organization' have 
the respective meanings given such terms in section 4 of the 
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act. 
"(3) The term 'State' includes each of the 50 States, the 
District of Columbia, and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.". 
(c) ALLOCATION.—Subsection (a) of section 1053 of the Elementary 
and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2743) is amended to 
read as follows: 
"(a) RESERVATION FOR MIGRANT PROGRAMS AND TERRITORIES.—(1) 
In each fiscal year in which section 1052(a) applies, the Secretary 
shall first reserve for programs consistent with the purpose of this 
part— 
"(A) for programs for migrant children, which shall be con-
ducted through the Office of Migrant Education, an amount 
equal to 3 percent of the amount appropriated for purposes of 
carrying out this part; and 
"(B) for allocations to Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin 
Islands, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, 
and Palau (until the Compact of Free Association with Palau 
takes effect pursuant to section 101(a) of Public Law 99-658), 
and to Indian tribes and tribal organizations, an amount com-
parable to their relative need. 
"(2) In each fiscal year in which section 1052(b) applies, the 
Secretary shall first reserve for programs consistent with the pur-
pose of this part, an amount equal to 5 percent of the amount 
appropriated for purposes of carrying out this part, of which— 
"(A) amounts shall be allocated for programs for migrant 
children, Guam, American Samoa, the Virgin Islands, the 
Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and Palau 
(until the Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect 
pursuant to section 101(a) of Public Law 99-658), and Indian 
tribes and tribal organizations, according to their relative need; 
but 
105 STAT. 352 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
"(B) in no case shall the amount reserved for programs for 
migrant children be less than the amount reserved for such 
programs in the preceding fiscal year.". 
(d) FEDERAL SHARE LIMITATION.—Section 1054 of the Elementary 
and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2744) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking "local educational agencies" 
and all that follows through "nonprofit organizations," and 
inserting "an eligible entity"; 
(2) in paragraph (2) of subsection (b), by inserting after "coun-
seling," the following: "other developmental and support serv-
ices,' ; and 
(3) in subsection (c)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (4) as sub-
paragraphs (A) through (D), respectively; 
(B) by inserting "(1)" before "The Federal share"; 
(C) in subparagraph (A) (as redesignated by subparagraph 
' (A) of this paragraph), by striking "local educational 
agency" and inserting "eligible entity'; 
(D) by striking the last sentence and inserting the follow-
ing: "The remaining cost may be provided in cash or in 
kind, fairly evaluated, and may be obtained from any 
' "' - source other than funds made available for programs under 
this chapter."; and 
(E) by adding at the end the following: 
"(2) The Secretary (in any fiscal year in which section 1052(a) 
» applies) or the State educational agency (in any fiscal year in which 
, section 1052(b) applies) may waive, in whole or in part, the require-
ment that all or part of the remaining cost described in paragraph 
(1) be obtained from sources other than funds made available under 
this chapter if an eligible entity— 
"(A) demonstrates that it otherwise would not be able to 
participate in the program under this part; and 
"(B) negotiates an agreement with the Secretary or the State 
educational agency, as appropriate, with respect to the amount 
of the remaining cost to which the waiver would be applicable.". 
(e) ELIGIBLE PARTICIPANTS.—Section 1055 of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2745) is amended— 
(1) by striking "Eligible" and inserting the following: "(a) IN 
GENERAL.—Except as provided in subsection (b), eligible"; 
(2) in paragraph (2) of subsection (a) (as designated by para-
graph (1)), by striking "(aged 1 to 7," and inserting "(from birth 
to age 7,"; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
"(b) CONTINUATION OF EUGIBILITY FOR CERTAIN PARTICIPANTS.— 
Any family participating in the program under this part that be-
comes ineligible for such participation as a result of 1 or more 
members of the family becoming ineligible for such participation, 
may continue to participate in the program until all members of the 
family become ineligible for participation, which— 
"(1) in the case of a family in which ineligibility was due to 
the child or children of such family attaining the age of 8, shall 
be when the parent or parents become ineligible due to edu-
cational advancement; and 
"(2) in the case of a family in which ineligibility was due to 
the educational advancement of the parent or parents of such 
7 . family, shall be when all children in the family attain the age of 
8.". 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 353 
(f) APPLICATIONS.—Section 1056 of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2746) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking "a local educational agency" 
and inserting "an eligible entity"; and 
(2) in subsection OJ), by striking "the local educational 
agency" and inserting "the eligible entity". 
(g) SELECTION PROCESS.—Section 1057 of the Elementary and 
Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2747) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by redesignating paragraphs (1) through (7) as sub-
paragraphs (A) through (G), respectively; 
(B) by inserting "(1)" before "The"; 
(C) in paragraph (1) (as designated by subparagraph (B) of 
this paragraph)— 
(i) by amending subparagraph (B) (as redesignated by 
subparagraph (A) of this paragraph) to read as follows: 
"(B) demonstrate that the area to be served by such program 
has a high percentage or a large number of children and adults 
who are in need of such services as indicated by high levels of 
poverty, illiteracy, unemployment, limited English proficiency, 
or other need-related indicators;"; 
(ii) in subparagraph (E) (as redesignated by subpara-
graph (A) of this paragraph), by striking "the local 
educational agency s" and inserting "the eligible enti-
ty's"; and 
(iii) by adding at the end the following: 
"(2) The review panel shall give priority for grants imder this 
subsection to proposals which— 
"(A) make the demonstration described in paragraph (IXB); 
and 
"(B) demonstrate an ability to operate an effective program."; 
(2) by amending subsection (c) to read as follows: 
"(c) DISTRIBUTION OF ASSISTANCE.—(1) In approving grants under 
this part pursuant to section 1052(a), the Secretary shall ensure a 
representative distribution of assistance among the States and 
among urban and rural areas of the United States. 
"(2) In approving grants under this part pursuant to section 
1052Cb), the review panel shall ensure a representative distribution 
of assistance between urban and rural areas of the State."; and 
(3) in paragraph (1) of subsection (d)— 
(A) by striking "a local educational agency" and inserting 
"an eligible entity"; and 
(B) by striking "such local educational agency" and 
inserting "such eligible entity". 
(h) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 1059 of the Ele-
mentary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2749) is 
amended to read as follows: 
"SEC. 1059. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
"There are authorized to be appropriated for purposes of carrying 
out this part such sums as may be necessary for the fiscal year 1991, 
$100,000,000 for the fiscal year 1992, and such sums as may be 
necessary for the fiscal year 1993.". 
SEC. 304. FAMILY LITERACY PUBLIC BROADCASTING PROGRAM. 
20 USC 1213c 
(a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—(1) The Secretary is authorized, sub- coSracts 
ject to the availability of appropriations, to enter into a contract 
Rural and 
urban areas. 
105 STAT. 354 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
with the Corporation for Public Broadcasting to arrange for the 
production and dissemination of family literacy programming and 
accompanying materials which would assist parents in improving 
family literacy skills and language development. In producing and 
developing such programming, the Corporation for Public Broad-
casting shall work in cooperation with local public broadcasting 
stations to avoid duplication of efforts. 
(2) After the program described in paragraph (1) is produced, the 
Corporation for Public Broadcasting shall arrange to have audio and 
video instructional media materials for distribution at sites chosen 
from among— 
(A) State and local libraries operating literacy programs, and 
(B) nonprofit entities serving hard-to-serve populations as 
defined 
in 
section 
304(b)(2), including 
community-based 
organizations, volunteer organizations and other nongovern-
mental entities. 
(3) The audio and video instructional media materials described in 
paragraph (2) shall be used at sites described in paragraph (2), and 
on a loan bsisis, distributed to families. 
(4) One year after distribution of the audio and video instructional 
media materials, the Corporation for Public Broadcasting shall 
report to the Congress on the distribution and use of the audio and 
video instructional media materials produced pursuant to this 
subsection and such audio and video instructional media materials' 
contribution in promoting literacy. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated $2,000,000 for fiscal year 1992 to carry out the 
provisions of subsection (i), of which $100,000 shall be reserved for 
reproducing and distributing programming or audio and video 
instructional media materials. 
TITLE IV—BUSINESS LEADERSHIP FOR 
EMPLOYMENT SKILLS 
SEC. 401. EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR COMMERCIAL DRIVERS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Part C of the Adult Education Act (20 U.S.C. 
1211 et seq.) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
20 use 1211b. 
"SEC. 373. EDUCATION PROGRAMS FOR COMMERCIAL DRIVERS. 
Grants. 
"(a) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—The Secretary is authorized to make 
grants on a competitive basis to pay the Federal share of the costs of 
establishing and operating adult education programs which increase 
the literacy skills of eligible commercial drivers so that such drivers 
may successfully complete the knowledge test requirements under 
the Commercial Motor Vehicle Safety Act of 1986. 
"(b) FEDERAL SHARE.—The Federal share of the costs of the adult 
education programs authorized under subsection (a) shall be 50 
percent. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to require 
States to meet the non-Federal share from State funds. 
"(c) ELIGIBLE ENTITIES.—Entities eligible to receive a grant under 
this section include— 
"(1) private employers employing commercial drivers in part-
nership with agencies, colleges, or universities described in 
paragraph (2); 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 355 
"(2) local educational agencies, State educational agencies, 
coUegei^, universities, or community colleges; 
' L >
. 
"(3) approved apprentice training programs; and 
"(4) labor organizations, the memberships of which include 
commercial drivers. 
"(d) REFERRAL PROGRAM.—Grantees shall refer to appropriate 
adult education programs as authorized under this title individuals 
who are identified as having literacy skill problems other than or 
beyond those which prevent them from successfully completing the 
knowledge test requirements under the Commercial Motor Vehicle 
Safety Act of 1986. 
"(e) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section: 
"(1) The term 'approved apprentice training programs' has 
the meaning given such term in the National Apprenticeship 
Act of 1937. 
"(2) The term 'eligible commercial driver' means a driver 
licensed prior to the requirements of the Commercial Motor 
Vehicle Safety Act of 1986. 
"(f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—There are authorized to 
be appropriated for purposes of carrying out this section $3,000,000 
for each of the fiscal years 1991,1992, and 1993.". 
(b) AVOIDANCE OF DUPUCATE ENACTMENT.—The amendment made 
by subsection (a) shsdl not take effect if the Higher Education 
Amendments of 1991 are enacted before the enactment of this Act. 
TITLE V—BOOKS FOR FAMILIES 
SEC. 501. INEXPENSIVE BOOK DISTRIBUTION PROGRAM. 
(a) PRIORITY.—Section 1563(b) of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2963) is amended by— 
(1) striking "and" at the end of paragraph (2); 
(2) by redesignating paragraph (3) as paragraph (4); and 
(3) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: 
"(3) in the fiscal year 1991 and each succeeding fiscal year. Children and 
the contractor will give priority in the selection of additional yo"*h. 
local programs to programs and projects which serve children 
and students with special needs including, at a minimum— 
"(A) low-income children (particularly such children in 
high poverty areas); 
"(B) children at risk for school failure; 
"(C) children with disabilities; 
"(D) emotionally disturbed children; 
"(E) foster children; 
"(F) homeless children; 
"(G) migrant children; 
" ( H ) children without access to libraries; 
"(I) institutionalized or incarcerated children; and 
"(J) children whose parents are institutionalized or incar-
cerated; and". 
(b) STUDY.—The contractor shall report to the Secretary of 20 use 2963 
Education annually regarding the number and description of the "°*®-
additional programs funded under subsection 1563(aX3) of the 
Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. 
105 STAT. 356 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
SEC. 502. LIBRARY LITERACY PROGRAMS. 
Section 601 of the Library Services and Construction Act (20 
U.S.C. 375) is amended by inserting at the end thereof the following 
new subsection: 
"(f) In awarding grants under this section the Secretary shall give 
priority to programs and services which— 
'(1) will be delivered in areas of greatest need which have 
highest concentrations of adults who do not have a secondary 
- education or its equivalent, and which— 
"(A) have few community or financial resources to estab-
lish the program described under this section without Fed-
eral assistance, or 
"(B) have low per capita income, unemployment or 
underemployment; and 
"(2) coordinate with literacy organizations and community 
based organizations providing literacy services.". 
TITLE VI—LITERACY FOR 
INCARCERATED INDIVIDUALS 
20 u s e 1211-2. 
SEC. 601. MANDATORY LITERACY PROGRAM. 
(a) EsTABUSHMENT.—The chief correctional officer of each State 
correctional system may establish a demonstration or system-wide 
functional literacy program. 
(b) PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS.—(1) To qualify for funding under 
subsection (d), each functional literacy program shall— 
(A) to the extent possible, make use of advanced technologies; 
and 
(B) include— 
(i) a requirement that each person incarcerated in the 
system, jail, or detention center who is not functionally 
literate, except a person described in paragraph (2), shall 
participate in the program until the person— 
(I) achieves functional literacy or in the case of an 
individual with a disability, achieves a level of func-
tional literacy commensurate with his or her ability; 
(II) is granted parole; 
(III) completes his or her sentence; or 
(IV) is released pursuant to court order; 
(ii) a prohibition on granting parole to any person de-
scribed in clause (i) who refuses to participate in the pro-
gram, unless the State parole board determines that the 
prohibition should be waived in a particular case; and 
(iii) adequate opportunities for appropriate education 
services and the screening and testing of all inmates for 
functional literacy and disiabilities affecting functional lit-
eracy, including learning disabilities, upon arrival in the 
system or at the jail or detention center. 
(2) The requirement of paragraph (IXB) shall not apply to a person 
who— 
(A) is serving a life sentence without possibility of parole; 
(B) is terminally ill; or 
(C) is under a sentence of death. 
(c) ANNUAL REPORT.—(1) Within 90 days after the close of the first 
calendar year in which a literacy program authorized by subsection 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 357 
(a) is placed in operation, and annually for each of the 4 years 
thereafter, the chief correction officer of each State correctional 
system shall submit a report to the Attorney General with respect to 
its literacy program. 
(2) A report under paragraph (1) shall disclose— 
(A) the number of persons who were tested for eligibility 
during the preceding year; 
(B) the number of persons who were eligible for the literacy 
program during the preceding year; 
(C) the number of persons who participated in the literacy 
program during the preceding year; 
(D) the names and types of tests that were used to determine 
functional literacy and the names and types of testing that were 
used to determine disabilities affecting functional literacy; 
(E) the average number of hours of instruction that were 
provided per week and the average number per student during 
the preceding year; 
(F) sample data on achievement of participants in the pro-
gram, including the number of participants who achieved func-
tional literacy; 
(G) data on all direct and indirect costs of the program; and 
(H) a plan for implementing a system-wide mandatory func-
tional literacy progrsmi, as required by subsection (b), and, if 
appropriate, information on progress toward such a program. 
(d) CoMPUANCE GRANTS,—(1) The Attorney General shall make 
grants to State correctional agencies who elect to establish a pro-
gram described in subsection (a) for the purpose of assisting in 
carrying out the programs, developing the plans, and submitting the 
reports required by this section. 
(2) A State corrections agency is eligible to receive a grant under 
this subsection if the agency agrees to provide to the Attorney 
General— 
(A) such data as the Attorney General may request concern-
ing the cost and feasibility of operating the mandatory func-
tional literacy programs required by subsections (a) and (b); and 
(B) a detailed plan outlining the methods by which the 
requirements of subsections (a) and (b) will be met, including 
specific goals and timetables. 
(3) There are authorized to be appropriated for purposes of carry- Appropriation 
ing out this section $10,000,000 for fiscal year 1992, $15,000,000 for authorization, 
fiscal year 1993, $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1994, and $25,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1995. 
(e) DEFINITION.—For the purposes of this section, the term "func-
tional literacy" means at least an eighth grade equivalence in 
reading on a nationally recognized standardized test. 
SEC. 602. BLUE RIBBON AWARDS FOR CORRECTIONAL EDUCATION PRO-
GRAMS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 1566 of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2966) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by striking "The" and inserting "Subject 
to subsection (d), the"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(d) BLUE RIBBON AWARDS FOR CORRECTIONAL EDUCATION PRO-
GRAMS.—The Secretary, through nominations provided by the Office 
on Correctional Education after consultation with representatives of 
correctional education organizations and others active in literacy 
105 STAT. 358 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73-JULY 25, 1991 
education, shall annually make 1 or more awards under this section 
to effective and innovative programs for inmate education and 
literacy.". 
20 use 2966 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by subsection (a) 
note. 
shall take effect on October 1,1992. 
TITLE VII—VOLUNTEERS FOR LITERACY 
SEC. 701. LITERACY CHALLENGE GRANTS. 
(a) GENERAL AUTHORITY.— 
(1) PROGRAM AUTHORIZED.—Part C of title I of the Domestic 
Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4991 et seq.) is amend-
ed by adding at the end the following: 
"UTERACY CHALLENGE GRANTS 
42 use 4996. 
"SEC, 125. (a) The Director is authorized to award challenge grants 
to eligible public agencies and private organizations to pay the 
Federal share of the costs of establishing, operating or expanding 
community or employee literacy programs or projects that include 
the use of full-time or part-time volunteers as one method of 
addressing illiteracy. 
"(b) Each eligible organization desiring a grant under this section 
shall submit to the ACTION Agency an application in such form 
and accompanied by such information as the Director may reason-
ably require. Each such application shall— 
"(1) describe the activities for which assistance is sought, 
"(2) contain assurances that the eligible organization will 
provide from non-Federal sources the non-Federal share of the 
cost of the program or project, 
"(3) provide assurances, satisfactory to the Director, that the 
literacy project will be operated in cooperation with other 
public and private agencies and organizations interested in, and 
•;. 
qualified to, combat illiteracy in the community where the 
project is to be conducted, and 
"(4) contain such other information and assurances as the 
Director may reasonably require. 
"(cXlXA) The Federal share of the cost of a program or project 
authorized by this section administered by a public agency, a non-
profit organization other than an organization described in para-
graph (2), or a private, for-profit organization shall not exceed— 
"(i) 80 percent in the first fiscal year; 
"(ii) 70 percent in the second fiscal year; and 
"(iii) 60 percent in the third fiscal year. 
"(B) The non-Federal share paid by a private, for-profit organiza-
tion shall be in cash. 
"(2) The Federal share of the cost of a program or project adminis-
tered by a nonprofit or community-based organization shall not 
exceed— 
"(A) 90 percent in the first fiscal year; 
"(B) 80 percent in the second fiscal year; and 
"(C) 70 percent in the third fiscal year. 
"(3) The non-Federal share provided by a public agency or a 
nonprofit or community-based organization may be provided in cash, 
or in kind, fairly evaluated, and may include the use of plant, 
equipment, and services.". 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 359 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents con-
tained in the first section of the Domestic Volunteer Service Act 
of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 4951 note) is amended by inserting after the 
item relating to section 124 the following new item. 
"Sec. 125. Literacy challenge grants.". 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Section 501(c) of the 
Domestic Volunteer Service Act of 1973 (42 U.S.C. 5081(c)) is 
amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs 
(A) and (B), respectively; 
(2) by inserting "(1)" after the subsection designation; and 
(3) by inserting at the end the following: 
"(2) Except as provided in paragraph (3) and in addition to the 
amounts authorized to be appropriated pursuant to paragraph (1) 
there is authorized to be appropriated $2,500,000 for the fiscal year 
1992 and such sums as may be necessary for 1993 for Literacy 
Challenge Grants under section 125. 
"(3) No funds shall be appropriated pursuant to paragraph (2) in 
any fiscal year unless— 
"(A) the funds available in such fiscal year for the VISTA 
Progr£im under part A of title I are sufficient to provide the 
years of volunteer service specified for such fiscal year under 
section 501(dXl) for the VISTA Program; and 
"(B) the funds available in such fiscal year for the VISTA 
Literacy Corps under part A of title I are sufficient to provide at 
least the same years of volunteer service as were provided in 
the fiscal year preceding such fiscal year.". 
TITLE VIII—AMENDMENTS AFFECTING 
THE TERRITORIES AND THE FREELY 
ASSOCIATED STATES 
SEC. 801. ELIGIBILITY FOR EDUCATION PROGRAMS. 
(a) HIGHER EDUCATION.—Section 484 of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1091) is 
amended by adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: 
"(k) STUDENTS ATTENDING INSTITUTIONS IN THE FREELY ASSOCIATED 
STATES AND EUGIBILITY FOR TRIO PROGRAMS.—Notwithstanding any 
other provision of law, a student who meets the requirements of 
paragraph (aX5) of this section or who is a resident of the freely 
associated states, and who attends a public or nonprofit institution 
of higher education located in any of the freely associated states 
rather than a State, shall be eligible, if otherwise qualified, for 
assistance under subpart 1, 2, or 4 of part A or part C of this title.". 
(b) TERRITORIAL TEACHER TRAINING ASSISTANCE PROGRAM.—Sec-
tion 4502 of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 
(20 U.S.C. 3142) is amended by striking "the Northern Mariana 
Islands, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" each place it 
appears and inserting in lieu thereof "the Commonwealth of the 
Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, the Republic of the Marshall 
Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia.". 
105 STAT. 360 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
(c) TREATMENT OP TERRITORIES AND TERRITORIAL STUDENT ASSIST-
ANCE.—Section 1204 of the Act (20 U.S.C. 1144a) is amended by 
adding at the end thereof the following new subsection: 
"(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of law, an institution of 
higher education that is located in any of the freely associated 
states, rather than a State, shall be eligible, if otherwise qualified, 
for assistance under subpart 4 of part A of title IV of this Act,". 
SEC. 802. TREATMENT OF TERRITORIES AND FREELY ASSOCIATED 
STATES. 
(a) ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION ACT OF 1965.— 
Subsection (a) of section 1005 of the Elementary and Secondary 
Education Act of 1965 (20 U.S.C. 2711) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating paragraphs (3) and (4) as paragraphs (4) 
and (5), respectively; and 
(2) by inserting after paragraph (2) the following: 
"(3) COMPETITIVE GRANTS.—(A) From amounts appropriated 
for purposes of canying out this section, the Secretary shall 
reserve an amount equ£d to the amount described in subpara-
graph (B) for purposes of making competitive grants to local 
educational agencies in Guam, American Samoa, the Common-
wealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, the Federated 
States of Micronesia, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands. 
The Secretary shall make such grants according to the rec-
ommendations of the Pacific Regional Laboratory in Honolulu, 
Hawaii, which shall conduct a competition for such grants. 
"(B) The amount described in this subparagraph is the portion 
of the aggregate amount reserved in the fiscal year 1989 under 
sections 1005(a), 1291, 1404, 1405(aX2XA), and 1405(aX2XB) for 
the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands that was attributable 
to the Republic of the Marshall Islands and the Federated 
States of Micronesia. 
"(C) Subject to subparagraph (D), grants awarded under this 
paragraph may only be used for— 
"(i) activities consistent with the purposes of— 
"a) title I; 
"ai) the Adult Education Act; 
•?' 
"(Ill) the Education of the Handicapped Act; 
"(TV) the Library Services and Construction Act; or 
"(V) the Dwight D. Eisenhower Mathematics and 
Science Education Act; 
"(ii) teacher training; 
"(iii) curriculum development; 
"(iv) instructional materisds; or 
"(v) general school improvement and reform. 
"(D) Grants awarded under this par£igraph may only be used 
to provide direct educational services. 
"(E) The Secretary shall provide 5 percent of amounts made 
available for grants under this paragraph to pay the adminis-
trative costs of the Pacific Regioned Laboratory with respect to 
the program under this paragraph.". 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
105 STAT. 361 
(b) 
ADULT 
EDUCATION ACT.—The Adult Education 
Act is 
d.in 6TIC160 
~~~ 
(1) in sections 312(7) and 371(b)(7XBXi) (20 U.S.C. 1201a(7) and 
1211(bX7XBXi)) by striking "the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands" and inserting "Palau (until the Compact of Free 
Association with Palau takes effect pursuant to section 101(a) of 
Public Law 99-658)"; and 
(2) in sections 313(b) and 361(a) (20 U.S.C. 1201b(b) and 
1209a(a)) by striking "and the Trust Territory of the Pacific 
Islands" and inserting "the Federated States of Micronesia, the 
Republic of the Marshall Islands, and Palau". 
(c) STAR SCHOOLS PROGRAM.—Section 907(8) of the Star Schools 
Program Assistance Act (20 U.S.C. 4086(7)) is amended by striking 
"the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" and inserting "the 
Federated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Is-
lands, Palau". 
(d) EDUCATION OF THE HANDICAPPED.—The Education of 
the 
Handicapped Act is amended in— 
(1) section 602(aX6) (20 U.S.C. 1401(aX6)) by striking "or the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" and inserting "or Palau 
(until the Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect 
pursuant to section 101(a) of Public Law 99-658)"; 
(2) section 611(aX2) (20 U.S.C. 1411(aX2)) by striking "and the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" and inserting "the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Is-
lands, and Palau"; and 
(3) section 611(eXl) (20 U.S.C. 1411(eXl)) by striking "and the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" and inserting "the Fed-
erated States of Micronesia, the Republic of the Marshall Is-
lands, and Palau (until the Compact of Free Association with 
Palau takes effect pursuant to section 101(a) of Public Law 99-
658)". 
(e) LIBRARY SERVICES AND CONSTRUCTION ACT.—The Library Serv-
ices and Construction Act is amended in— 
(1) section 3(g) (20 U.S.C. 351a(g)) by striking "or the Trust 
Territory of the Pacific Islands" and inserting "Palau (until the 
Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect pursuant to 
section 101(a) of Public Law 99-658)"; 
(2) section 5(aX3) (20 U.S.C. 351c(aX3)) by striking "and the 
Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands" each place such term 
appears and inserting "Palau (until the Compact of Free 
Association with Palau takes effect pursuant to section 101(a) of 
Public Law 99-658)"; 
(3) section 7(a) (20 U.S.C. 351e(a)) by striking "the Trust 
Territory of the Pacific Islands" and inserting "Palau (until the 
Compact of Free Association with Palau takes effect pursuant to 
section 101(a) of Public Law 99-658)"; and 
105 STAT. 362 
PUBLIC LAW 102-73—JULY 25, 1991 
(4) section 7(b) (20 U.S.C. 351e(b)) by striking "and the Trust 
Territory of the Pacific Islands" each place such term appears 
and inserting "the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana 
Islands and Palau (until the Compact of Free Association with 
Palau takes effect pursuant to section 101(a) of Public Law 99-
658)". 
Approved July 25, 1991. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 751: 
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 102-23 (Comm. on Education and Labor). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 137 (1991): 
Mar. 19, considered and passed House. 
June 26, considered and passed Senate, eunended. 
July 11, House concurred in Senate amendment, in others with amendments. 
July 15, Senate concurred in House amendments. 
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 27 (1991): 
July 25, Presidential remarks and statement.