An Act to declare a national policy of coordinating the increasing use of the metric system in the United States, and to establish a United States Metric Board to coordinate the voluntary conversion to the metric system.
PL 94-168 (H.R.8674), enacted 12/23/1975

PUBLIC LAW 94-168—DEC. 23, 1975 
89 STAT. 1007 
Public Law 94-168 
94th Congress 
An Act 
To declare a national jwlicy of coordinating the increasing use of the metric 
system in the United States, and to establish a United States Metric Board 
to coordinate the voluntary conversion to the metric system. 
Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress a^semhled, That this Act may 
be cited as the "Metric Conversion Act of 1975". 
SEC. 2. The Congress finds as follows: 
(1) The United States was an original signatory party to the 
1875 Treaty of the Meter (20 Stat. 709), which established the 
General Conference of Weights and Measures, the International 
Committee of Weights and Measures and the International Bureau 
of Weights and Measures. 
(2) Although the use of metric measurement standards in the 
United States has been authorized by law since 1866 (Act of 
July 28, 1866; 14 Stat. 339), this Nation today is the only 
industrially developed nation which has not established a national 
policy of committing itself and taking steps to facilitate con-
version to the metric system. 
SEC. 3. It is therefore declared that the policy of the United States 
shall be to coordinate and plan the increasing use of the metric system 
in the United States and to establish a United States Metric Board 
to coordinate the voluntary conversion to the metric system. 
SEC. 4. As used in this Act, the term— 
(1) "Board" means the United States Metric Board, established 
under section 5 of this Act; 
(2) "engineering standard" means a standard which prescribes 
(A) a concise set of conditions and requirements that must be 
satisfied by a material, product, process, procedure, convention, 
or test method; and (B) the physical, functional, performance 
and/or conformance characteristics thereof; 
(3) "international standard or recommendation" means an 
engineering standard or recommendation which is (A) formu-
lated and promulgated by an international organization and (B) 
recommended for adoption by individual nations as a national 
standard; and 
(4) "metric system of measurement" means the International 
System of Units as established by the General Conference of 
Weights and Measures in 1960 and as interpreted or modified for 
the United States by the Secretary of Commerce. 
SEC. 5, (a) There is established, in accordance with this section, an 
independent instrumentality to be known as a United States Metric 
Board. 
(b) The Board shall consist of 17 individuals, as follows: 
(1) the Chairman, a qualified individual who shall be appointed 
by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the 
Senate; 
(2) sixteen members who shall be appointed by the President, 
by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, on the follow-
ing basis— 
Dec. 23, 1975 
[H.R. 8674] 
Metric 
Conversion Act of 
1975. 
15 u s e 2()5a 
note. 
15 u s e 205a. 
15 u s e 205b. 
Definitions. 
15 u s e 205c. 
United States 
Metric Board. 
Establishment. 
15 u s e 205d. 
Membership. 
89 STAT. 1008 
PUBLIC LAW 94-168—DEC. 23, 1975 
Term. 
Vacancies. 
Quorum. 
Termination. 
Policy 
implementation. 
15 u s e 205e. 
(A) one to be selected from lists of qualified individuals 
recommended by engineers and organizations representative 
of engineering interests; 
(B) one to be selected from lists of qualified individuals 
recommended by scientists, the scientific and technical com-
munity, and organizations representative of scientists and 
technicians; 
(C) one to be selected from a list of qualified individuals 
recommended by the National Association of Manufacturers 
or its successor; 
(D) one to be selected from lists of qualified individuals 
recommended by the United States Chamber of Commerce, 
or its successor, retailers, and other commercial organizations; 
(E) two to be selected from lists of qualified individuals 
recommended by the American Federation of Labor and Con-
gress of Industrial organizations or its successor, who are 
representative of workers directly affected by metric con-
version, and by other organizations representing labor; 
(F) one to be selected from a list of qualified individuals 
recommended by the National Governors Conference, the 
National Council of State Legislatures, and organizations 
representative of State and local government; 
(G) two to be selected from lists of qualified individuals rec-
ommended by organizations representative of small business; 
(H) one to be selected from lists of qualified individuals 
representative of the construction industry; 
(I) one to be selected from a list of qualified individuals 
recommended by the National Conference on Weights and 
Measures and standards making organizations; 
(J) one to be selected from lists of qualified individuals 
recommended by educators, the educational community, and 
organizations representative of educational interests; and 
(K) four at-large members to represent consumers and 
other interests deemed suitable by the President and who 
shall be qualified individuals. 
As used in this subsection, each "list" shall include the names of at 
least three individuals for each applicable vacancy. The terms of office 
of the members of the Board first taking office shall expire as desig-
nated by the President at the time of nomination; five at the end of 
the 2d year; five at the end of the 4th year; and six at the end of the 
6th year. The term of office of the Chairman of such Board shall be 
6 years. Members, including the Chairman, may be appointed to an 
additional term of 6 years, in the same manner as the original appoint-
ment. Successors to members of such Board shall be appointed in the 
same manner as the original members and shall have terms of office 
expiring 6 years from the date of expiration of the terms for which 
their predecessors were appointed. Any individual appointed to fill a 
vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of any term of office shall be 
appointed for the remainder of that term. Beginning 45 days after 
the date of incorporation of the Board, six members of such Board 
shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any function of the 
Board. 
(c) Unless otherwise provided by the Congress, the Board shall have 
no compulsory powers. 
(d) The Board shall cease to exist when the Congress, by law, 
determines that its mission has been accomplished. 
SEC. 6. It shall be the function of the Board to devise and carry out 
a broad program of planning, coordination, and public education, con-
PUBLIC LAW 94-168—DEC. 23, 1975 
89 STAT. 1009 
sistent with other national policy and interests, with the aim of imple-
menting the policy set forth in this Act. In carrying out this program, 
the Board shall— 
(1) consult with and take into account the interests, views, 
and conversion costs of United States commerce and industry, 
including small business; science; engineering; labor; education ; 
consumers; government agencies at the Federal, State, and local 
level; nationally recognized standards developing and coordinat-
ing organizations; metric conversion planning and coordinating 
groups; and such other individuals or groups as are considered 
appropriate by the Board to the carrying out of the purposes 
of this Act. The Board shall take into account activities under-
way in the private and public sectors, so as not to duplicate un-
necessarily such activities; 
(2) provide for appropriate procedures whereby various 
groups, under the auspices of the Board, may formulate, and rec-
ommend or suggest, to the Board specific programs for coordinat-
ing conversion in each industry and segment thereof and specific 
dimensions and configurations in the metric system and in other 
measurements for general use. Such programs, dimensions, and 
configurations shall be consistent with (A) the needs, interests, 
and capabilities of manufacturers (large and small), suppliers, 
labor, consumers, educators, and other interested groups, and (B) 
the national interest; 
(3) publicize, in an appropriate manner, proposed programs 
and provide an opportunity for interested groups or individuals 
to submit comments on such programs. At the request of inter-
ested parties, the Board, in its discretion, may hold hearings with 
regard to such programs. Such comments and hearings may be 
considered by the Board; 
(4) encourage activities of standardization organizations to 
develop or revise, as rapidly as practicable, engineering standards 
on a metric measurement basis, and to take advantage of oppor-
tunities to promote (A) rationalization or simplification of rela-
tionships, (B) improvements of design, (C) reduction of size 
variations, (D) increases in economy, and (E) where feasible, 
the efficient use of energy and the conservation of natural 
resources; 
(5) encourage the retention, in new metric language standards, 
of those United States engineering designs, practices, and conven-
tions that are internationally accepted or that embody superior 
technology; 
(6) consult and cooperate with foreign governments, and inter-
governmental organizations, in collaboration with the Department 
of State, and, through appropriate member bodies, with private 
international organizations, which are or become concerned with 
the encouragement and coordination of increased use of metric 
measurement units or engineering standards based on such units, 
or both. Such consultation shall include efforts, where appropriate, 
to gain international recognition for metric standards proposed 
by the United States, and, during the United States conversion, 
to encourage retention of equivalent customary units, usually 
by way of dual dimensions, in international standards or 
recommendations; 
(7) assist the public through information and education 
programs, to become familiar with the meaning and applicability 
of metric terms and measures in daily life. Such programs shall 
include— 
Comments and 
hearings. 
Consultation and 
cooperation. 
Public 
information and 
education 
programs. 
89 STAT. 1010 
PUBLIC LAW 94-168—DEC. 23, 1975 
Surveys. 
Recommendations 
to Congress and 
President. 
Annual report to 
Congress and 
President. 
Report to 
Congress and 
President. 
(A) public information programs conducted by the 
Board, through the use of newspapers, magazines, radio, 
television, and other media, and through talks before appro-
priate citizens' groups, and trade and public organizations; 
(B) counseling and consultation by the Secretary of Health, 
Education, and Welfare; the Secretary of Labor; the Admin-
istrator of the Small Business Administration; and the Direc-
tor of the National Science Foundation, with educational 
associations. State and local educational agencies, labor edu-
cation committees, apprentice training committees, and other 
interested groups, in order to assure (i) that the metric sys-
tem of measurement is included in the curriculum of the 
Nation's educational institutions, and (ii) that teachers and 
other appropriate personnel are properly trained to teach the 
metric system of measurement; 
(C) consultation by the Secretary of Commerce with the 
National Conference of Weights and Measures in order to 
assure that State and local weights and measures officials are 
(i^ appropriately involved in metric conversion activities and 
(ii) assisted in their efforts to bring about timely amendments 
to weights and measures laws; and 
(D) such other public information activities, by any Fed-
eral agency in support of this Act, as relate to the mission 
of such agency; 
(8) collect, analyze, and publish information about the extent of 
usage of metric measurements; evaluate the costs and benefits of 
metric usage; and make efforts to minimize any adverse effects 
resulting from increasing metric usage; 
(9) conduct research, including appropriate surveys; publish the 
results of such research; and recommend to the Congress and to 
the President such action as may be appropriate to deal with any 
unresolved problems, issues, and questions associated with metric 
conversion, or usage, such problems, issues, and questions may in-
clude, but are not limited to, the impact on workers (such as 
costs of tools and training) and on different occupations and in-
dustries, possible increased costs to consumers, the impact on 
society and the economy, effects on small business, the impact on 
the international trade position of the United States, the appro-
priateness of and methods for using procurement by the Federal 
Government as a means to effect conversion to the metric system, 
the proper conversion or transition period in particular sectors of 
society, and consequences for national defense; 
(10) submit annually to the Congress and to the President a 
report on its activities. Each such report shall include a status 
report on the conversion process as well as projections for the con-
version process. Such report may include recommendations cov-
ering any legislation or executive action needed to implement the 
the programs of conversion accepted by the Board. The Board may 
also submit such other reports and recommendations as it deems 
necessary; and 
(11) submit to the Congress and to the President, not later 
than 1 year after the date of enactment of the Act making appro-
priations for carrying out this Act, a report on the need to provide 
an effective structural mechanism for converting customary units 
to metric units in statutes, regulations, and other laws at all levels 
of government, on a coordinated and timely basis, in response to 
voluntary conversion programs adopted and implemented by 
various sectors of society under the auspices and with the approval 
PUBLIC LAW 94-168—DEC. 23, 1975 
89 STAT. 1011 
of the Board. If the Board determines that such a need exists, such 
report shall include recommendations as to appropriate and effec-
tive means for establishing and implementing such a mechanism. 
SEC. 7. In carrying out its duties under this Act, the Board may— 
(1) establish an Executive Committee, and such other commit-
tees as it deems desirable; 
(2) establish such committees and advisory panels as it deems 
necessary to work with the various sectors of the Nation's econ-
omy and with Federal and State governmental agencies in the 
development and implementation of detailed conversion plans for 
those sectors. The Board may reimburse, to the extent authorized 
by law, the members of such committees; 
(3) conduct hearings at such times and places as it deems 
appropriate; 
(4) enter into contracts, in accordance with the Federal 
Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended 
(40 U.S.C. 471 et seq.), with Federal or State agencies, private 
firms, institutions, and individuals for the conduct of research or 
surveys, the preparation of reports, and other activities necessary 
to the discharge of its duties; 
(5) delegate to the Executive Director such authority as it 
deems advisable; and 
(6) perform such other acts as may be necessary to carry out the 
duties prescribed by this Act. 
SEC. 8. (a) The Board may accept, hold, administer, and utilize 
gifts, donations, and bequests of property, both real and personal, and 
personal services, for the purpose of aiding or facilitating the work 
of the Board. Gifts and bequests of money, and the proceeds from the 
sale of any other property received as gifts or bequests, shall be 
deposited in the Treasury in a separate fund and shall be disbursed 
upon order of the Board. 
(b) For purpose of Federal income, estate, and gift taxation, prop-
erty accepted under subsection (a) of this section shall be considered 
as a gift or bequest to or for the use of the United States. 
(c) Upon the request of the Board, the Secretary of the Treasury 
may invest and reinvest, in securities of the United States, any moneys 
contained in the fund authorized in subsection (a) of this section. 
Income accruing from such securities, and from any other property 
accepted to the credit of such fund, shall be disbursed upon the order 
of the Board. 
(d) Funds not expended by the Board as of the date when it ceases 
to exist, in accordance with section 5(d) of this Act, shall revert to 
the Treasury of the United States as of such date. 
SEC. 9. Members of the Board who are not in the regular full-time 
employ of the United States shall, while attending meetings or con-
ferences of the Board or while otherwise engaged in the business of 
the Board, be entitled to receive compensation at a rate not to exceed 
the daily rate currently being paid grade 18 of the General Schedule 
(under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code), including travel-
time. While so serving, on the business of the Board away from their 
homes or regular places of business, members of the Board may be 
allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as 
authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States Code, for persons 
employed intermittently in the Government service. Payments under 
this section shall not render members of the Board employees or 
officials of the United States for any purpose. Members of the Board 
who are in the employ of the United States shall be entitled to travel 
expenses when traveling on the business of the Board. 
15 use 205f. 
Committees, 
establishment. 
Hearings. 
Contracts. 
Gifts and 
bequests. 
15 use 205g. 
Unexpended 
funds. 
Compensation. 
15 u s e 205h. 
5 u s e 5332 note. 
Travel expenses. 
89 STAT. 1012 
PUBLIC LAW 94-168—DEC. 23, 1975 
Executive 
Director, 
appointment. 
15 u s e 205i. 
5 u s e 5101 et 
seq. 
5 u s e 5331. 
Experts and 
consultants. 
5 u s e 5332 note. 
Financial and 
administrative 
services. 
15 u s e 205j. 
Appropriation 
authorization. 
15 u s e 205k. 
SEC. 10. (a) The Board shall appoint a qualified individual to serve 
as the Executive Director of the Board at the pleasure of the Board. 
The Executive Director, subject to the direction of the Board, shall 
be responsible to the Board and shall carry out the metric conversion 
program, pursuant to the provisions of this Act and the policies estab-
lished by the Board. 
(b) The Executive Director of the Board shall serve full time and 
be subject to the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III of chap-
ter 53 of title 5, United States Code. The annual salary of the Execu-
tive Director shall not exceed level III of the Executive Schedule 
under section 5314 of such title. 
(c) The Board may appoint and fix the compensation of such staff 
personnel as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act 
in accordance with the provisions of chapter 51 and subchapter III 
of chapter 53 of title 5, United States Code. 
(d) The Board may (1) employ experts and consultants or organi-
zations thereof, as authorized by section 3109 of title 5, United States 
Code; (2) compensate individuals so employed at rates not in excess 
of the rate currently being paid grade 18 of the General Schedule 
under section 5332 of such title, including traveltime; and (3) may 
allow such individuals, while away from their homes or regular places 
of business, travel expenses (including per diem in lieu of subsistence) 
as authorized by section 5703 of such title 5 for persons in the Gov-
ernment service employed intermittently: Provided, however, That 
contracts for such temporary employment may be renewed annually. 
SEC. 11. Financial and administrative services, including those 
related to budgeting, accounting, financial reporting, personnel, and 
procurement, and such other staff services as may be needed by the 
Board, may be obtained by the Board from the Secretary of Com-
merce or other appropriate sources in the Federal Government. Pay-
ment for such services shall be made by the Board, in advance or by 
reimbursement, from funds of the Board in such amounts as may be 
agreed upon by the Chairman of the Board and by the source of the 
services being rendered. 
SEC. 12. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums as may 
be necessary to carry out the provisions of this Act. Appropriations 
to carry out the provisions of this Act may remain available for obliga-
tion and expenditure for such period or periods as may be specified in 
the Acts making such appropriations. 
Approved December 23, 1975. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
HOUSE REPORT No. 94-369 (Gomm. on Science and Technology). 
SENATE REPORT No. 94-500 accompanying S. 100 (Comm. on eommerce). 
eONGRESSIONAL REeORD, Vol. 121 (1975): 
Sept. 5, considered and passed House. 
Dec. 8, considered and passed Senate, amended, in lieu of S. 100. 
Dec. 11, House concurred in Senate amendment. 
WEEKLY eOMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOeUMENTS, Vol. 11, No. 52: 
Dec. 23, Presidential statement.