FREEDOM Support Act
PL 102-511 (S.2532), enacted 10/24/1992

106 STAT. 3320 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24,1992 
Public Law 102-511 
102d Congress 
An Act 
Oct. 24. 1992 
[S. 2532] 
Freedom for 
Russia and 
Emerging 
Eurasian 
Democracies and 
Open Markets 
Support Act of 
1992. 
FREEDOM 
Support Act. 
22 u s e 5801 
note. 
To support freedom and open markets in the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union, and for other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLES. 
This Act may be cited as the "Freedom for Russia and Emerging 
Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support Act of 1992 
or the "FREEDOM Support Act". 
SEC. 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
The table of contents for this Act is as follows: 
Sec. 
Sec. 
Sec. 
1. Short titles. 
2. Table of contents. 
3. Definition of independent states. 
TITLE I—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
Sec. 101. Findings. 
Sec. 102. Program coordination, implementation, and oversight. 
Sec. 103. Report on overall assistance and economic cooperation strategy. 
Sec. 104. Annual report. 
TITLE II—BILATERAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES 
Sec. 201. Support for economic and democratic development in the independent 
states. 
Sec. 202. Ineligibility for assistance of institutions withholding certain documents 
of United States nationals. 
TITLE III—BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT 
Sec. 301. American Business Centers. 
Sec. 302. Business and Agriculture Advisory Council. 
Sec. 303. Funding for export promotion activities and capital projects. 
Sec. 304. Interagency working group on energy of the Trade Promotion Coordinat-
ing Committee. 
Sec. 305. Reports to Congress. 
Sec. 306. Policy on combatting tied aid practices. 
Sec. 307. Technical assistance for the Russian Far East. 
Sec. 308. Funding for OPIC programs. 
TITLE IV—THE DEMOCRACY CORPS. 
Sec. 401. Authorization for establishment of the Democracy Corps. 
TITLE V—NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT PROGRAMS AND 
ACTIVITIES 
Sec. 501. 
Sec. 502. 
Sec. 503. 
Sec. 504. 
Sec. 505. 
Sec. 506. 
Sec. 507. 
Sec. 508. 
Sec. 509. 
Sec. 510. 
Sec. 511. 
Findings. 
Eligibility. 
Nonproliferation and disarmament activities in the independent states. 
Nonproliferation and disarmament fund. 
Limitations on defense conversion authorities. 
Soviet weapons destruction. 
Waiver of certain provisions. 
Notice and reports to Congress. 
International nonproliferation initiative. 
Report on special nuclear materials. 
Research and development foundation. 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3321 
TITLE VI—SPACE TRADE AND COOPERATION 
Sec. 601. Facilitating discussions regarding the acquisition of space hardware, tech-
nology, and services from the former Soviet Union. 
Sec. 602. Of&ce of Space Commerce. 
Sec. 603. Report to Congress. 
Sec. 604. Definitions 
TITLE MI—AGRICULTURAL TRADE 
Sec. 701. Food for Progress Act. 
Sec. 702. Definitions for Agricultural Trade Act of 1978. 
Sec. 703. Assistance for private voluntary organizations. 
Sec. 704. Distribution of aid to the independent states of the former Soviet Union. 
Sec. 705. Agricultural fellowship program for middle income coimtries and emerg-
ing democracies. 
Sec. 706. Promotion of agricultural exports to emerging democracies. 
Sec. 707. Direct credit sales. 
Sec. 708. Export credit guarantees. 
Sec. 709. Export promotion programs amendments. 
TITLE VIII—UNITED STATES INFORMATION AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF 
STATE, AND RELATED AGENCIES AND ACTIVITIES 
Sec. 801. Designation of Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship Program. 
Sec. 802. New diplomatic posts in the independent states. 
Sec. 803. Occupancy of new chancery buildings. 
Sec. 804. Certain positions at United States missions. 
Sec. 805. International Develoipment Law Institute. 
Sec. 806. Certain Board for International Broadcasting construction activities. 
Sec. 807. Exchanges and training and similar programs. 
TITLE IX—OTHER PROVISIONS 
Sec. 901. Foreign Assistance Act list of communist cotmtries. 
Sec. 902. Johnson Act. 
Sec. 903. Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act. 
Sec. 904. Peace Corps volunteer training requirements. 
Sec. 905. Establishing categories of aliens for purposes of refugee determinations; 
acyustment of status for certain Soviet and Indochinese parolees. 
Sec. 906. Eligibility of Baltic st;ates for nonlethal defense articles. 
Sec. 907. Restriction on assistance to Azerbaijan. 
TITLE X—INTERN ATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS 
Sec. 1001. International Monetary Fund quota increase. 
Sec. 1002. International Monetary Fund policy changes. 
Sec. 1003. Reduction of military spending and promotion of long-term sustainable 
economic growth by developing nations. 
Sec. 1004. Support for macroeconomic stabilization in the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union. 
Sec. 1005. Role of the International Finance Corporation in supporting economic re-
structuring in the independent states of the former Soviet Union. 
Sec. 1006. Authority to agree to amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the 
International Finance Corporation. 
Sec. 1007. Report on debt of the former Soviet Union held by commercial financial 
institutions. 
Sec. 1008. Human rights. 
Sec. 1009. Multilateral investment guarantees for the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union. 
SEC. 3. DEFINITION OF INDEPENDENT STATES. 
22 USC 5801. 
For purposes of this Act, the terms "independent states of 
the former Soviet Union" and "independent states" mean the fol-
lowing: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Greorgia, Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine, 
and Uzbekistan. 
TITLE I—GENERAL PROVISIONS 
SEC. 101. FINDINGS. 
22 USC 5811. 
The Congress finds that— 
106 STAT. 3322 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(1) recent developments in Russia and the other independ-
ent states of the former Soviet Union present an historic oppor-
tunity for a transition to a peaceful and stable international 
order and the integration of the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union into the community of democratic nations; 
(2) the entire international community has a vital interest 
in the success of this transition, and the dimension of the 
problems now faced in the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union makes it imperative for donor countries and 
institutions to provide the expertise and support necessary 
to ensure continued progress on economic and political reforms; 
(3) the United States is especially well-positioned because 
of its heritage and traditions to make a substantial contribution 
to this transition by building on current technical cooperation, 
medical, and food assistance programs, by assisting in the 
development of democratic institutions, and by fostering condi-
tions that will encourage the United States business community 
to engage in trade and investment; 
(4) failure to meet the opportunities presented by these 
developments could threaten United States national security 
interests and jeopardize substantial savings in United States 
defense that these developments have made possible; 
(5) the independent states of the former Soviet Union face 
unprecedented environmental problems that jeopardize the 
quality of life and the very existence of not only their own 
peoples but also the peoples of other countries, and it is incum-
bent on the international community to assist the independent 
states in addressing these problems and in promoting sustain-
able use of resources and development; 
(6) the success of United States assistance for the independ-
ent states of the former Soviet Union depends on— 
(A) effective coordination of United States efforts with 
similar activities of friendly and allied donor countries 
and of international financial institutions, and 
(B) reciprocal commitments by the governments of the 
independent states to work toward the creation of demo-
cratic institutions and an environment hospitable to foreign 
investment based upon the rule of law, including negotia-
tion of bilateral and multilateral agreements on open trade 
and investment, adoption of commercial codes, establish-
ment of transparency in regulatory and other governmental 
decision making, and timely pajnnent of obligations carried 
over from previous governmental entities; and 
(7) trade and investment opportunities in the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union will generate employment 
and other economic benefits for the United States as the econo-
mies of the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
begin to realize their enormous potential as both customers 
and suppliers. 
22 use 5812. 
SEC. 102. PROGRAM COORDINATION, IMPLEMENTATION, AND OVER-
SIGHT. 
President. 
(a) COORDINATION.—^The President shall designate, within the 
Department of State, a coordinator who shall be responsible for— 
(1) designing an overall assistance and economic coopera-
tion strategy for the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union; 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3323 
(2) ensuring program and policy coordination among agen-
cies of the United States Grovemment in carrying out the poli-
cies set forth in this Act (including the amendments made 
by this Act); 
(3) pursuing coordination with other countries and inter-
national organizations with respect to assistance to independent 
states; 
(4) ensuring that United States assistance programs for 
the independent states are consistent with this Act (including 
the amendments made by this Act); 
(5) ensuring proper management, implementation, and 
oversight by agencies responsible for assistance programs for 
the independent states; and 
(6) resolving policy and program disputes among United 
States Grovemment agencies with respect to United States 
assistance for the independent states. 
(b) EXPORT PROMOTION ACTIVITIES.—Consistent with subsection 
(a), coordination of activities related to the promotion of exports 
of United States goods and services to the independent states of 
the former Soviet Union shall continue to be primarily the respon-
sibiUty of the Secretary of Commerce, in the Secretar/s role as 
Chair of the Trade Promotion Coordination Committee. 
(c) INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES.—Consistent with 
subsection (a), coordination of activities relating to United States 
participation in international finsmcial institutions and relating 
to organization of multilateral efforts aimed at currency sta-
bilization, currency 
convertibility, 
debt reduction, 
and 
com-
prehensive economic reform progrsuns shall continue to be primarily 
the responsibiUty of the Secretary of the Treasury, in the Secretary's 
role as Chsdr of the National Advisory Council on International 
Monetary and Financial Policies and as the United States Governor 
of the international financial institutions. 
(d) ACCOUNTABILITY FOR FUNDS.—Any agency managing and 
implementing an assistance program for the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union shall be accountable for any funds 
made available to it for such program. 
SEC. 103. REPORT 
ON 
OVERALL 
ASSISTANCE 
AND 
ECONOMIC 
22 USC 5813. 
COOPERATION STRATEGY. 
(a) REQUIREMENT FOR SUBMISSION.—As soon as practicable 
after the date of enactment of this Act, the coordinator designated 
pursuant to section 102(a) shall submit to the Congress a report 
on the overall assistance and economic cooperation strategy for 
the independent states of the former Soviet Union that is required 
to be developed pursuant to paragraph (1) of that section. 
(b) ASSISTANCE PLAN.—^The report submitted pursuant to sub-
section (a) shall include a plan specifying— 
(1) the amount of the mnds authorized to be appropriated 
for fiscal year 1993 by chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961 proposed to be allocated for each of 
the categories of activities authorized by section 498 of that 
Act £uid to carry out section 301 of this Act (relating to Amer-
ican Business Centers), section 303 of this Act (relating to 
export promotion activities and capital projects), and title IV 
of this Act (relating to the Democracy Corps); 
(2) the amount of other funds made available for fiscal 
year 1993 to carry out the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
106 STAT. 3324 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
President. 
22 u s e 5814. 
proposed to be allocated for assistance under that Act for the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union; and 
(3) the amount of funds available for fiscal year 1993 
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 that are proposed 
to be made to each agency to carry out activities for the 
independent states under that Act or this Act. 
SEC. 104. ANNUAL REPORT. 
Not later than January 31 of each year, the President shall 
submit to the Congress a report on United States assistance for 
the independent states of the former Soviet Union under this Act 
or other provisions of law. Each such report shall include— 
(1) an assessment of the progress each independent state 
has made in meeting the standards set forth in section 498A 
of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, including a description 
of the steps each independent state has taken or is taking 
toward meeting those standards and a discussion of additional 
steps that each independent state could take to meet those 
standards; 
(2) a description of the United States assistance for each 
independent state that was provided during the preceding fiscal 
year, is planned for the current fiscal year, and is proposed 
for the coming fiscal year, specifying the extent to wmch such 
assistance for the preceding fiscal year and for current fiscal 
year has actually been delivered; 
(3) an assessment of the effectiveness of United States 
assistance in achieving its purposes; and 
(4) an evaluation of the manner in which the "not-
withstanding" authority provided in section 498B(j)(l) of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and the "notwithstanding" 
authority provided in any other provision of law with respect 
to assistance for the independent states, has been used and 
why the use of that authority was necessary. 
TITLE II—BILATERAL ECONOMIC 
ASSISTANCE ACTIVITIES 
SEC. 201. SUPPORT FOR ECONOMIC AND DEMOCRATIC DEVELOP-
MENT IN THE INDEPENDENT STATES. 
Part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 is amended by 
adding after chapter 10 the following: 
"CHAPTER 11—SUPPORT FOR THE ECONOMIC AND DEMOCRATIC DEVEL-
OPMENT OF THE INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET 
UNION 
President. 
22 u s e 2295. 
"SEC. 498. ASSISTANCE FOR THE INDEPENDENT STATES. 
"The President is authorized to provide assistance to the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union under this chapter 
for the following activities: 
"(1) 
URGENT 
HUMANITARIAN 
NEEDS.—Meeting 
urgent 
humanitarian needs (including those arising from the health 
effects of exposure to radiation in the Chernobyl region), in 
particular— 
v 
-i^ 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3325 
"(A) meeting needs for medicine, medical supplies and 
equipment, and food, including the nutritional needs of 
infants such as processed baby food; and 
"(B) continuing efforts to rebuild from the earthquake 
in Armenia. 
"(2) DEMOCRACY.—^Establishing a democratic £uid free soci-
ety by fostering— 
"(A) political, social, and economic pluralism; 
"(B) respect for internationally recognized human 
rights and the rule of law; 
"(C) the development of institutions of democratic gov-
ernance, including electoral and legislative processes; 
"(D) the institution and improvement of public adminis-
tration at the national, intergovernmental, regional, and 
local level; 
"(E) the development of a free and independent media; 
"(F) the development of effective control by elected 
civilian officials over, and the development of a nonpoUtical 
officer corps in, the military and security forces; and 
"(G) strengthened administration of justice through 
programs and activities carried out in accordance with 
section 498B(e). 
"(3) FREE MARKET SYSTEMS.—Creating and developing pri-
vate enterprise and free market systems based on the principle 
of private ownership of property, including— 
"(A) the development of private cooperatives, credit 
unions, and labor unions; 
"(B) the improvement in the collection and analysis 
of statistical information; 
"(C) the reform and restructuring of banking and finan-
cial systems; and 
"(D) the protection of intellectual property. 
"(4) TRADE AND INVESTMENT.—Creating conditions that pro-
mote trade and investment, and encouraging participation of 
the United States private sector in the development of the 
private sector in the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union. 
"(5) FOOD DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION.—Promoting mar-
ket-based mechanisms for the distribution of the inputs nec-
essary to agricultural production and for the handling, market-
ing, storage, and processing of agricultural commodities; 
encouraging policies that provide incentives for agricultural 
production; and creating institutions that provide technical and 
financial support for the agricultural sector. 
"(6) HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES.—Promoting programs 
to strengthen and build institutions that provide quality health 
care and voliuitary family planning services, housing, and other 
services and policies that are components of a social safety 
net, particularly for infants, children, and people with disabil-
ities. 
"(7) EDUCATION AND EDUCATIONAL TELEVISION.—Promoting 
broad-based educational reform at all levels, in particular— 
"(A) by assisting the development of curricula and by 
making available textbooks, other educational materials, 
and appropriate telecommunications technologies for the 
delivery of educational and instructional programming; and 
106 STAT. 3326 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
"(B) by assisting the development of the skills nec-
essary to produce educational television programs aimed 
at promoting basic skills and the human values associated 
with a democratic society and a free market economy. 
"(8) 
ENERGY 
EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTION.—Promoting 
market-based pricing policies and the transfer of technologies 
that reduce energy wastage and harmful emissions; supporting 
developmentally sound capital energy projects that utilize 
United States advanced coal technologies; and promoting effi-
cient production, use, and transportation of oil, gas, coal, and 
other sources of energy. 
"(9) CIVILIAN NUCLEAR REACTOR SAFETY.—Implementing— 
"(A) a program of short-term safety upgrade of civilian 
nuclear power plants, including the training of power plant 
personnel, implementation of improved procedures for 
nuclear power plant operation, the development of effective 
and independent regulatory authorities, and cost-effective 
hardware upgrades; and 
"(B) a program to retire those civilian nuclear power 
plants whose capacity could be more 
cost-effectively 
replaced through energy efficiency. 
"(10) ENVIRONMENT.—Enhancing the human and natural 
environment and conserving environmental resources, including 
through— 
"(A) facilitation of the adoption of environmentally-
sound policies and technologies, environmental restoration, 
and sustainable use of natural resources; 
"(B) promotion of the provision of environmental tech-
nology, 
education, 
and 
training 
by 
United 
States 
businesses, not-for-profit organizations, and institutions of 
higher education; and 
"(C) promotion of cooperative research efforts to vali-
date and improve environmental monitoring of protracted 
radiation exposure. 
"(11) 
TRANSPORTATION 
AND 
TELECOMMUNICATIONS.— 
Improving transportation and telecommunications infrastruc-
ture and management, including intermodal transportation sys-
tems to ensure the safe and efficient movement of people, 
products, and materials. 
"(12) DRUG EDUCATION, INTERDICTION, AND ERADICATION.— 
Promoting drug education, interdiction, and eradication pro-
grams. 
"(13) MIGRATION.—Protecting and caring for refugees, dis-
placed persons, and other migrants; addressing the root causes 
of migration; and promoting the development of appropriate 
immigration and emigration laws and procedures. 
22 use 2295a. 
"SEC. 498A. CRITERIA FOR ASSISTANCE TO GOVERNMENTS OF THE 
INDEPENDENT STATES. 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—In providing assistance under this chapter 
for the government of any independent state of the former Soviet 
Union, the President shall take into account not only relative need 
but also the extent to which that independent state is acting to— 
"(1) make significant progress toward, and is committed 
to the comprehensive implementation of, a democratic system 
based on principles of the rule of law, individual freedoms. 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3327 
and representative government determined by free and fair 
elections; 
"(2) make significant progress in, and is committed to the 
comprehensive implementation of, economic reform based on 
market principles, private ownership, and integration into the 
world economy, including implementation of the legal and policy 
frameworks necessary for such reform (including protection 
of intellectual property and respect for contracts); 
"(3) respect internationally recognized human 
rights, 
including the rights of minorities and the rights to freedom 
of religion and emigration; 
"(4) respect international law and obligations and adhere 
to the Helsinki Final Act of the Conference on Security and 
Cooperation in Europe and the Charter of Paris, including 
the obligations to refrain from the threat or use of force and 
to settle disputes peacefully; 
"(5) cooperate in seeking peaceful resolution of ethnic and 
regional conflicts; 
"(6) implement responsible security policies, including— 
"(A) adhering to arms control obligations derived from 
agreements signed by the former Soviet Union; 
"(B) reducing military forces and expenditures to a 
level consistent with legitimate defense requirements; 
"(C) not proliferating nuclear, biological, or chemical 
weapons, their delivery systems, or related technologies; 
and 
"(D) restraining conventional weapons transfers; 
"(7) take constructive actions to protect the international 
environment, prevent significant transborder pollution, and pro-
mote sustainable use of natural resources; 
"(8) deny support for acts of international terrorism; 
"(9) accept responsibility for paying an equitable portion 
of the indebtedness to United States firms incurred by the 
former Soviet Union; 
"(10) cooperate with the United States Government in 
uncovering all evidence regarding Americans listed as pris-
oners-of-war, or otherwise missing during American operations, 
who were detained in the former Soviet Union during the 
Cold War; and 
"(11) terminate support for the communist regime in Cuba, 
including removal of troops, closing of military facilities, and 
ceasing trade subsidies and economic, nuclear, and other assist-
ance. 
"(b) INELIGIBILITY FOR ASSISTANCE.—The President shall not 
provide assistance under this chapter— 
"(1) for the government of any independent state that the 
President determines is engaged in a consistent pattern of 
gross violations of internationally recognized human rights or 
of international law; 
"(2) for the government of any independent state that the 
President determines has failed to take constructive actions 
to facilitate the effective implementation of applicable arms 
control obligations derived from agreements signed by the 
former Soviet Union; 
"(3) for the government of any independent state that the 
President determines has, on or after the date of enactment 
of this chapter, knowingly transferred to another country— 
106 STAT. 3328 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
President. 
Reports. 
22 use 2295b. 
"(A) missiles or missile technology inconsistent with 
the guidelines and parameters of the Missile Technology 
Control Regime; or 
"(B) Einy material, equipment, or technology that would 
contribute significantly to the ability of such country to 
manufacture any weapon of mass destruction (including 
nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons) if the President 
determines that the material, equipment, or technology 
was to be used by such country in the manufacture of 
such weapon; 
"(4) for the government of any independent state that is 
prohibited from receiving such assistance by section 669 or 
670 of this Act or sections 306(a)(1) and 307 of the Chemical 
and Biological Weapons Control and Warfare Elimination Act 
of 1991; or 
"(5) for the Government of Russia if it has failed to make 
significant progress on the removal of Russian or Common-
wealth of Independent States troops from Estonia, Latvia, and 
Lithuania or if it has failed to undertake good faith efforts, 
such as negotiations, to end other mihtary practices that violate 
the sovereignty of the Baltics states. 
"(c) EXCEPTIONS TO INELIGIBILITY.—Assistance prohibited by 
subsection (b) or any similar provision of law, other than assistance 
prohibited by the provisions referred to in subsection (b)(4), may 
be furnished under any of the following circumstances: 
"(1) The President determines that furnishing such assist-
ance is important to the national interest of the United States. 
"(2) The President determines that furnishing such assist-
ance will foster respect for internationally recognized human 
rights and the rule of law or the development of institutions 
of democratic governance. 
"(3) The assistance is furnished for the alleviation of suffer-
ing resulting from a natural or man-made disaster. 
The President shall immediately report to the Congress any deter-
mination under paragraph (1) or (2) or any decision to provide 
assistance under paragraph (3). 
''SEC. 498B. AUTHORITIES RELATING TO ASSISTANCE AND OTHER 
PROVISIONS. 
"(a) 
ASSISTANCE 
THROUGH 
GOVERNMENTS 
AND 
NON-
GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS.—^Assistance under this chapter 
may be provided to governments or through nongovernmental 
organizations. 
"(b) 
TECHNICAL 
AND 
MANAGERIAL 
ASSISTANCE.—Technical 
assistance under this chapter shall, to the maximum extent feasible, 
be provided on a long term, on-site basis and shall emphasize 
the provision of practical, management and other problem-solving 
advice, particularly advice on private enterprise provided by United 
States business volunteers. 
"(c) ENTERPRISE FUNDS.—^Activities supported pursuant to this 
chapter may include the establishment of and the provision of 
support for one or more enterprise funds for the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union. If the President determines that an 
enterprise fund should be established and supported under this 
chapter, the provisions contained in section 201 of the Support 
for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 (excluding the 
authorizations of appropriations provided in subsection (b) of that 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3329 
section) shall be deemed to apply with respect to such enterprise 
fund and to funds made available to such enterprise fund pursuant 
to this chapter. 
"(d) COOPERATIVE DEVELOPMENT AND RESEARCH PROJECTS.— 
Assistance under this chapter may include support for cooperative 
development projects, including cooperative development research 
projects, among the United States, other countries, and independent 
states of the former Soviet Union. 
"(e) ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE PROGRAMS.—In order to 
strengthen the administration of justice in the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union under paragraph (2)(G) of section 498, 
the President may exercise the same authorities as are available 
under section 534 of this Act, subject to the limitations and require-
ments of that section, other than subsection (c) and the last two 
sentences of subsection (e). 
"(f) USE OF ECONOMIC SUPPORT FUNDS.—Any funds that have 
been allocated under chapter 4 of part II for assistance for the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union may be used in 
accordance with the provisions of this chapter. 
"(g) USE 
OF SEED 
AGENCY FUNDS AND ADMINISTRATIVE 
AUTHORITIES.—^The President may authorize any agency of the 
United States (jovemment that has authority to conduct activities 
under the Support for East European Democracy (SEED) Act of 
1989 to use— 
"(1) any funds that are available to it for activities related 
to international affairs outside Eastern Europe, and 
"(2) £iny administrative authorities that are available to 
it for activities with respect to Eastern Europe, 
to conduct activities authorized by section 498 with respect to 
the independent states of the former Soviet Union. 
"(h) PROCUREMENT RESTRICTIONS.—Funds made available for 
assistance under this chapter may be used for procurement— 
"(1) in the United States, the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union, or a developing country; or 
(2) in any other country but only if— 
"(A) the provision of such assistance requires commod-
ities or services of a type that are not produced in and 
available for purchase in any country specified in para-
graph (1); or 
"(B) the President determines, on a case-by-case basis, 
that procurement in such other country is necessary— 
"(i) to meet unforseen circumstances, such as emer-
gency situations, where it is important to permit pro-
curement in a country not specified in paragraph (1), 
or 
"(ii) to promote efficiency in the use of United 
States foreign assistance resources, including to avoid 
impairment of foreign assistance objectives, 
"(i) TERMS AND CONDITIONS.—Assistance under this chapter 
shall be provided on such terms and conditions as the President 
may determine, consistent with applicable provisions of law (except 
as otherwise provided in subsection (j)). 
"(j) WAIVER OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Funds authorized to be appropriated 
for fiscal year 1993 by this chapter, and any other funds appro-
priated for fiscal year 1993 that are used under the authority 
of subsection (f) or (g), may be used to provide assistance 
106 STAT. 3330 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
under this chapter notwithstanding any other provision of law, 
except for— 
"(A) this chapter; 
"(B) section 634A of this Act and comparable notifica-
tion requirements contained in sections of the annual for-
eign operations, export financing, and related programs 
Act; 
"(C) sections 669 and 670 of this Act and sections 
306 and 307 of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Con-
trol and Warfare Elimination Act of 1961, to the extent 
that they apply to assistance to governments; and 
"(D) section 1341 of title 31, United States Code (com-
monly referred to as the 'Anti-Deficiency Act'), the Congres-
sional Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, the 
Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 
1985, and the Budget Enforcement Act of 1990. 
"(2) NUCLEAR REACTOR SAFETY AND RELATED ACTIVITIES.— 
Any provision that corresponds to section 510 of the Foreign 
Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs Appro-
priations Act, 1991 (relating to the prohibition on financing 
exports of nuclear equipment, fuel, and technology) shall not 
apply with respect to funds used pursuant to this chapter. 
"(k) DEFINITIONS.— 
"(1) APPROPRL^TE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—^As used 
in this chapter, the term 'appropriate congressional committees' 
means the Committee on Foreign Affairs and the Committee 
on Appropriations of the House of Representatives and the 
Committee on Foreign Relations and the Committee on Appro-
priations of the Senate. 
"(2) INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.— 
As used in this chapter, the terms 'independent states of the 
former Soviet Union' and 'independent states' have the meaning 
given those terms by section 3 of the Freedom for Russia 
and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Sup-
port Act of 1992. 
22 use 2295c. 
"SEC. 498C. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—To carry out this chapter, there are author-
ized to be appropriated to the President for fiscal year 1993 
$410,000,000, in addition to amounts otherwise available for assist-
ance for the independent states of the former Soviet Union. Amounts 
appropriated pursuant to this subsection are authorized to remain 
available until expended. 
"(b) OPERATING EXPENSES.— 
"(1) AUTHORITY TO TRANSFER PROGRAM FUNDS.—Subject to 
paragraph (2), funds made available under subsection (a) may 
be transferred to, and merged with, funds appropriated for 
'Operating Expenses of the Agency for International Develop-
ment'. Funds so transferred may be expended for administrative 
costs in carrying out this chapter, including reimbursement 
of the Department of State for its incremental costs associated 
with assistance provided under this chapter. 
"(2) LIMITATION ON AMOUNT TRANSFERRED.—Not more than 
2 percent of the funds made available for a fiscal year under 
subsection (a) may be transferred pursuant to paragraph (1) 
unless, at least 15 days before transferring any additional 
amount, the President notifies the appropriate congressional 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3331 
committees in accordance with the procedures appUcable to 
reprogramming notifications under section 634A of this Act.". 
SEC. 202. INELIGIBILITY 
FOR 
ASSISTANCE 
OF 
INSTITUTIONS 
22 USC 2295a 
WITHHOLDING CERTAIN DOCUMENTS OF UNITED STATES ^°^-
NATIONALS. 
(a) PROHIBITION.—Except as provided in subsections (b) and 
(c), an agency, instrumentality, or other governmental entity of 
an independent state of the former Soviet Union shall not be 
eligible to receive assistance under chapter 11 of part I of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 if— 
(1) on the date of enactment of this Act, there is outstand-
ing a final judgment by a court of competent jurisdiction in 
that independent state that that governmental entity is 
withholding unlawfully books or other documents of religious 
or historical significance that are the property of United States 
persons; and 
(2) within 90 days of a request by such United States 
persons, the Secretary of State determines that execution of 
the court's judgment is blocked as the result of extrajudicial 
causes such as any of the following: 
(A) A declared refusal of the defendant to comply. 
(B) The unwillingness or failure of local authorities 
to enforce compliance. 
(C) The issuance of an administrative decree nullifying 
a court's judgment or forbidding compliance. 
(D) The passage of legislation, after a court's judgment, 
nullifying that judgment or forbidding compliance with that 
judgment. 
(b) EXCEPTION FOR HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE.—The prohibi-
tion contained in subsection (a) shall not apply to the provision 
of assistance to alleviate suffering resulting from a natural or 
man-made disaster. 
(c) W A R ^ R AUTHORITY.—^The Secretary of State may waive 
the application of subsection (a) whenever the Secretary finds that— 
(1) the court's judgment has been executed; or 
(2) it is important to the national interest of the United 
States to do so. 
(d) REPORT.—^Nine months after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of State shall report to the Speaker of the 
House of Representatives and the Chairman of the Committee 
on Foreign Relations of the Senate on the status of final judgments 
described in subsection (a)(1). 
(e) UNITED STATES F*ERSON.—For purposes of this section, the 
term "United States person" means— 
(1) any citizen, national, or permanent resident alien of 
the United States; and 
(2) any corporation, partnership, or other juridical entity 
which is 50 percent or more beneficially owned by individuals 
described in paragraph (1). 
106 STAT. 3332 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—CKTT. 24, 1992 
TITLE III—BUSINESS AND COMMERCIAL 
DEVELOPMENT 
President. 
SEC. 301. AMERICAN BUSINESS CENTERS. 
22 I ISP 'i821 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—^The President is authorized and encour-
aged to establish American Business Centers in the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union receiving assistance under chapter 
11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 where the 
President determines that such centers can be cost-effective in 
promoting the objectives described in section 498 of that Act and 
United States economic interests and in estabUshing commercial 
partnerships between the people of the United States and the 
peoples of the independent states. 
(b) ENVIRONMENTAL BUSINESS CENTERS AND AGRIBUSINESS 
CENTERS.—For purposes of this section, the term "American Busi-
ness Centers" includes the following: 
(1) Environmental business centers in those independent 
states that offer promising market possibilities for the export 
of United States environmental goods and services. To the 
maximum extent practicable, these environmental business cen-
ters should be established as a component of other centers. 
(2) Agribusiness centers that include the participation of 
private United States agribusinesses or agricultural coopera-
tives, private nonprofit organizations, State universities and 
land grant colleges, £ind financial institutions, that make appro-
priate contributions of equipment, materials, and personnel 
for the operation of such centers. The purposes of these agri-
business centers shall be— 
(A) to enhance the ability of farmers and other agri-
business practitioners in the independent states to better 
meet the needs of the people of the independent states; 
(B) to assist the transition from a command and control 
system in agriculture to a free market system; and 
(C) to fecilitate the demonstration and use of United 
States agricultural equipment and technology. 
(c) ADDITIONAL POLICY GUIDANCE.—To the maximum extent 
possible, and consistent with the particular purposes of the specific 
types of centers, the President should direct that— 
(1) the American Business Centers established pursuant 
to this section place special emphasis on assistance to United 
States small- and medium-sized businesses to facilitate their 
entry into the commercial markets of the independent states; 
(2) such centers offer office space, business facilities, and 
market analysis services to United States firms, trade associa-
tions, and State economic development offices on a user-fee 
basis that minimizes the cost of operating such centers; 
(3) such centers serve as a repository for commercial, legal, 
and technical information, including environmental and export 
control information; 
(4) such centers identify existing or potential counterpart 
businesses or organizations that may require specific technical 
coordination or assistance; 
(5) such centers be established in several sites in the 
independent states; and 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3333 
(6) host countries be asked to make appropriate con-
tributions of real estate and personnel for the establishment 
and operation of such centers, 
(d) FUNDING.— 
(1) REIMBURSEMENT AGREEMENT.—Not later than 90 days 
sifter the date of enactment of this Act, the Administrator 
of the Agency for International Development shall conclude 
a reimbursement agi*eement with the Secretary of Commerce 
for the Department of Commerce's services in establishing and 
operating American Business Centers pursuant to this section. 
(2) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—Of the amount 
authorized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 11 of part 
I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, up to $12,000,000 
for fiscal year 1993 are authorized to be appropriated to carry 
out this section, in addition to amounts otherwise available 
for such purpose. 
SEC. 302. BUSINESS AND AGRICULTURE ADVISORY COUNCIL. 
President. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—^The President is authorized to establish 
an advisory council to be known as the Independent States Business 
and Agriculture Advisory Council (hereinafter in this section 
referred to as the "Council")— 
(1) to consult with and advise the President periodically 
regarding programs of assistance for the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union; £uid 
(2) to evaluate, and consult periodically with the President 
regarding, the adequacy of bilateral and multilateral assistance 
programs that would facilitate exports by United States compa-
nies to, and investments by United States companies in, the 
independent states. 
(b) MEMBERSHIP.—^The Council should consist of 15 members, 
appointed by the President, who are drawn from United States 
companies reflecting diverse businesses and perspectives that have 
experience and expertise in dealing with the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union. The President should designate one 
such member to serve as Chair of the Council. Five such members 
should be appointed upon the recommendation of the Speaker and 
the Minority Leader of the House of Representatives and 5 should 
be appointed upon the recommendation of the Majority Leader 
and Minority Leader of the Senate. Members of the Council shall 
receive no compensation from the United States Government by 
reason of their service on the Council. 
(c) STAFF.—^Upon request of the Chair of the Council, the head 
of any United States Government agency may detail, on a 
nonreimbursable basis, any of the personnel of such agency to 
the Council to assist the Council. 
SEC. 303. FUNDING FOR BIXPORT PROMOTION ACTIVITIES AND CAP- 
22 USC 5823. 
ITAL PROJECTS. 
(a) ALLOCATION OF A I . D . FUNDS.—The President is encouraged 
to use a portion of the funds made available for the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union under chapter 11 of part I of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961— 
(1) to fund the export promotion, finance, and related activi-
ties carried out pursuant to subsection (b)(1), including activi-
ties relating to the export of intermediary goods; and 
106 STAT. 3334 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(2) to fund capital projects, including projects for tele-
communications, environmental cleanup, power production, and 
energy related projects. 
(b) EXPORT PROMOTION, FINANCE, AND RELATED ACTIVITIES.— 
The Secretary of Commerce, as Chair of the Trade Promotion 
Coordination Committee, should, in conjunction with other members 
of that committee, design and implement programs to provide ade-
quate commercial and technical assistance to United 
States 
businesses seeking markets in the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union, including the following: 
(1) Increasing the United States and Foreign Commercial 
Service presence in the independent states, in particular in 
the Russian Far Eastern cities of Vladivostok and Khabarovsk. 
(2) Preparing profiles of export opportunities for United 
States businesses in the independent states and providing other 
technical assistance. 
(3) Utilizing the Market Development Cooperator Program 
under section 2303 of the Export Enhancement Act of 1988 
(15 U.S.C. 4723). 
(4) Developing programs specifically for the purpose of 
assisting small- and medium-sized businesses in entering com-
mercial markets of the independent states. In carrying out 
this paragraph, the Secretary of Commerce, to the extent pos-
sible, should work directly with private sector organizations 
with proven experience in trade and economic relations with 
the independent states. 
(5) Supporting projects undertaken by the United States 
business community on the basis of partnership, joint venture, 
contractual, or other cooperative agreements with appropriate 
entities in the independent states. 
(6) Supporting export finance programs, feasibility studies, 
political risk insurance, and other related programs through 
increased funding and flexibiUty in the implementation of such 
programs. 
(7) Supporting the Business Information Service (BISNIS) 
and its related programs. 
22 use 5824. 
SEC. 304. INTERAGENCY WORKING GROUP ON ENERGY OF THE TRADE 
PROMOTION COORDINATING COMMITTEE. 
The Trade Promotion Coordinating Committee should utilize 
its interagency working group on energy to assist United States 
energy sector companies to develop a long-term strategy for pene-
trating the energy market in the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union. The working group should— 
(1) work with officials from the independent states in creat-
ing an environment conducive to United States energy invest-
ment; 
(2) help to coordinate assistance to United States companies 
involved with projects to clean up former Soviet nuclear weap-
ons sites and commercial nuclear waste; and 
(3) work with representatives from United States business 
and industry involved with the energy sector to help faciUtate 
the identification of business opportunities, including the pro-
motion of oil, gas, and clean coal technology and products, 
energy efficiency, and the formation of joint ventures between 
United States companies and companies of the independent 
nations. 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3335 
SEC. 305. REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
22 USC 5825. 
Not later than January 31 of each year (beginning in 1994), 
the Secretary of Commerce shall submit to the Congress a report— 
(1) describing the implementation of the preceding sections 
of this title; 
(2) analyzing the programs of other industrialized nations 
to assist their companies with their efforts to transact business 
in the independent states of the former Soviet Union, and 
(3) examining the trading practices of other Orgginization 
for Economic Cooperation and Development nations, as well 
as the pricing practices of transitional economies in the 
independent states, that may disadvantage against United 
States companies. 
SEC. 306. POLICY ON COMBATTING TIED AID PRACTICES. 
22 USC 5826. 
Should the Secretary of the Treasury determine that foreign 
countries are engaged in tied aid practices with respect to any 
of the independent states of the former Soviet Union that violate 
the 1991 Helsinki agreement of the Organization for Economic 
Cooperation and Development, the President should give priority 
attention to combatting such practices. 
SEC. 307. TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FOR THE RUSSIAN FAR EAST. 
22 USC 5827. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—^The President is authorized to provide 
technical assistance, through an American university in a region 
which received nonstop air service to and from the RussiEin Far 
East as of July 1, 1992, to facilitate the development of United 
States business opportunities, free markets, and democratic institu-
tions in the Russian Far East. 
(b) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—^There are authorized 
to be appropriated $2,000,000 to carry out subsection (a). 
SEC. 308. FUNDING FOR OPIC PROGRAMS. 
22 USC 5828. 
(a) AUTHORITY TO MAICE ADDITIONAL FUNDS AVAILABLE.—Funds 
authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1993 to carry out 
chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 may 
be made available to cover costs incurred by the Overseas Private 
Investment Corporation in carrying out programs with respect to 
the independent states of the former Soviet Union under title IV 
of chapter 2 of part I of that Act (22 U.S.C. 2191 and following), 
in addition to amounts otherwise available for that purpose. 
(b) ENACTMENT OF OPIC AUTHORIZATION ACT.—The authority Termination 
of subsection (a) shall cease to be effective upon the enactment 
^^• 
of the Overseas Private Investment Corporation Act Amendments 
Act of 1992. 
TITLE IV—THE DEMOCRACY CORPS 
SEC. 401. AUTHORIZATION FOR ESTABLISHMENT OF THE DEMOC- 
22 USC 5841. 
RACY CORPS. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT; PURPOSE.—The President is authorized to 
provide for the establishment of the Democracy Corps as a private 
nonprofit organization, incorporated in the District of Columbia, 
whose purpose shall be to maintain a presence in the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union as described in subsection (c). 
106 STAT. 3336 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(b) BOARD OF DIRECTORS.—^The Board of Directors of the Democ-
racy Corps shall have not more than 10 members, appointed by 
the President. Individuals appointed to the Board— 
(1) shall, individually or through the organizations they 
represent, have experience and expertise appropriate to carry-
ing out the purpose of the Democracy Corps, including involve-
ment either with activities of the type described in subsection 
(d) or in the independent states; 
(2) shall be United States citizens; and 
(3) may not be officers or employees of the United States 
Grovemment or Members of Congress. 
(c) 
GRANTS 
TO THE DEMOCRACY 
CORPS; 
PURPOSE.—The 
Administrator is authorized to make an annual grant to the Democ-
racy Corps with the funds made available pursuant to this section. 
The purpose of such grants shall be to enable the Democracy 
Corps to maintain a presence in independent states of the former 
Soviet Union that wiU assist at the local level in the development 
of— 
(1) institutions of democratic governance (including judicial, 
electoral, legislative, and administrative processes), and 
(2) the nongovernmental organizations of a civil society 
(including chsiritable, educationed, trade union, business, profes-
sional, voluntary, community, and other civic organizations), 
by mobilizing the expertise of the American people to provide prac-
tical assistance through "on the ground" person-to-person advice, 
technical assistance, and small grants to indigenous individuals 
and indigenous entities, in accordance with subsection (d). 
(d) ACTIVITIES.—^The Democracy Corps shall be required to 
carry out its purpose through the placement within the independent 
states of teams of United States citizens with appropriate expertise 
and knowledge. Under guideUnes developed by the Board, these 
teams shall assist indigenous individuals and entities in the 
independent states that are involved in the development of the 
institutions and organizations referred to in paragraphs (1) and 
(2) of subsection (c) by— 
(1) providing advice and technical assistance; 
(2) making small grants (which in most cases should not 
exceed $5,000) to such individuals and entities to assist the 
development of those institutions and organizations; 
(3) identif3ring other sources of assistance; and 
(4) operating local centers to serve as information, 
logistical, and educational centers and otherwise encourage 
cooperation and effectiveness by those involved in the develop-
ment of democratic institutions, a market-oriented economy, 
and a civil society in the independent states. 
These local centers may be designated as "Democracy Houses" 
or given another appropriate appellation. 
(e) GRANT AGREEMENT.—-Grants under this section shall be 
made pursuant to a grant agreement requiring the Democracy 
Corps to comply with the requirements specified in this section 
and with such other terms and conditions as the Administrator 
may require, which shall include requirements regarding con-
sultation with the coordinator designated pursuant to section 102(a), 
conflicts of interest, and accountability for funds, including a 
requirement for annual independent audits. 
(f) COORDINATION.—^The Democracy Corps shall be required 
to— 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3337 
(1) coordinate its activities pursuant to this section with 
the programs and activities of other entities operating in or 
providing assistance to the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union in support of the development of democratic 
institutions, a market-oriented economy, and a civil society; 
and 
(2) ensure that its activities pursuant to this section are 
designed to avoid duplication with activities carried out under 
other United States Government foreign assistance and inter-
national information, educational, cultural, and exchange pro-
grams. 
(g) PROHIBITION ON CAMPAIGN FINANCING.—^Funds made avail-
able to the Democracy Corps under this section may not be expended 
by the Democracy Corps, or any recipient of a grant from the 
Democracy Corps, to finance the campaigns of candidates for public 
office. 
(h) FREEDOM OF INFORMATION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—^Notwithstanding the fact that the Democ-
racy Corps is not an agency or establishment of the United 
States (rovernment, the Democracy Corps shall be required 
to comply fully with all of the provisions of section 552 of 
title 5, United States Code. 
(2) PUBLICATION IN FEDERAL REGISTER.—For purposes of Records, 
complying pursuant to paragraph (1) with section 552(a)(1) 
of title 5, the Democracy Corps shall make available to the 
Administrator such records and other information as the 
Administrator determines may be necessary for such purposes. 
The Administrator shall cause such records and other informa-
tion to be published in the Federal Register. 
(3) AID REVIEW.—In the event that the Democracy Corps Reports, 
determines not to comply with a request for records under 
section 552 of title 5, the Democracy Corps shall submit a 
report to the Administrator explaining the reasons for not 
complying with such request. If the Administrator approves 
such determination, the Agency for International Development 
shall assume full responsibility, including financial responsibil-
ity, for defending the Democracy Corps in any litigation relating 
to such request. If the Administrator disapproves such deter-
mination, the Democracy Corps shall be required to comply 
with such request. 
(i) ANNUAL REPORTS.—^The Board shall be required to submit 
to the Administrator and the Congress, not later than January 
31 each year, a comprehensive report on the activities of the Democ-
racy Corps. Each such report shall list each grant made by the 
Democracy Corps under subsection (d)(2) during the preceding fiscal 
year, specifying the grantee and the amount of the grant. 
(j) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRL\TIONS.—Of the amount author-
ized to be appropriated to carry out chapter 11 of part I of the 
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, up to $15,000,000 for fiscal year 
1993 are authorized to be appropriated for grants to the Democracy 
Corps under this section, in addition to amounts otherwise available 
for such purpose. 
(k) SUNSET PROVISION.—Grants may not be made to the Democ-
racy Corps under this section after the end of fiscal year 1997. 
(1) DEFINITIONS.—^As used in this section— 
(1) the term "Administrator" means the Administrator of 
the Agency for International Development; and 
106 STAT. 3338 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(2) the term "Board" means the Board of Directors of the 
Democracy Corps. 
TITLE 
V—NONPROLIFERATION 
AND 
DISARMAMENT PROGRAMS AND AC-
TIVITIES 
22 use 5851. 
SEC. 501. FINDINGS. 
The Congress finds that it is in the national security interest 
of the United States— 
(1) to faciHtate, on a priority basis— 
(A) the transportation, storage, safeguarding, and 
destruction of nuclear and other weapons of mass destruc-
tion of the independent states of the former Soviet Union; 
(B) the prevention of proliferation of weapons of mass 
destruction and destabilizing conventional weapons of the 
independent states, and the establishment of verifiable 
safeguards against the proliferation of such weapons; 
(C) the prevention of diversion of weapons-related sci-
entific expertise of the former Soviet Union to terrorist 
groups or third countries; and 
(D) other efforts designed to reduce the military threat 
from the former Soviet Union; 
(2) to support the conversion of the massive defense-related 
industry and equipment of the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union for civilian purposes and uses; and 
(3) to expand military-to-military contacts between the 
United States and the independent states. 
22 use 5852. 
SEC. 502. ELIGIBILITY. 
Funds may be obligated for a fiscal year for assistance or 
other programs or activities for an independent state of the former 
Soviet Union under sections 503 and 504 only if the President 
has certified to the Congress, during that fiscal year, that such 
independent state is committed to— 
(1) making a substantial investment of its resources for 
dismantling or destro)dng such weapons of mass destruction, 
if that independent state has an obligation under a treaty 
or other agreement to destroy or dismantle any such weapons; 
(2) forgoing any military modernization program that 
exceeds legitimate defense requirements and forgoing the 
replacement of destroyed weapons of mass destruction; 
(3) forgoing any use in new nuclear weapons of fissionable 
or other components of destroyed nuclear weapons; and 
(4) facilitating United States verification of any weapons 
destruction carried out under section 503(a) or 504(a) of this 
Act or section 212 of the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction 
Act of 1991 (title II of Public Law 102-228; 22 U.S.C. 2551 
note). 
President. 
SEC. 503. NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT ACTIVITIES IN 
22 u s e 5853. 
THE INDEPENDENT STATES. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized to promote 
bilateral 
and 
multilateral 
nonproliferation 
and 
disarmament 
activities— 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3339 
(1) by supporting the dismantlement and destruction of 
nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery sys-
tems, and conventional weapons of the independent states of 
the former Soviet Union; 
(2) by supporting bilateral and multilateral efforts to halt 
the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, 
their delivery systems, related technologies, and other weapons 
of the independent states, including activities such as— 
(A) the storage, transportation, and safeguarding of 
such weapons, and 
(B) the purchase, barter, or other acquisition of such 
weapons or materials derived from such weapons; 
(3) by establishing programs for safeguarding against the 
proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical, and other weapons 
of the independent states; 
(4) by establishing programs for preventing diversion of 
weapons-related 
scientific and technical expertise of the 
independent states to terrorist groups or to third countries; 
(5) by establishing science and technology centers in the 
independent states for the purpose of engaging weapons sci-
entists and engineers of the independent states (in particular 
those who were previiously involved in the design and produc-
tion of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons) in productive, 
nonmilitary undertakings; and 
(6) by establishing programs for facilitating the conversion 
of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries 
of the former Soviet Union into civilian activities. 
(b) FUNDING PRIORITIES.—^Priority in carr3dng out this section 
shall be given to the activities described in paragraphs (1) through 
(5) of subsection (a). 
(c) USE OF DEFENSE FUNDS.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—In recognition of the direct con-
tributions to the national security interests of the United States 
of the programs and activities authorized by subsection (a), 
the President is authorized to make available for use in carrying 
out those programs and activities, in addition to amounts other-
wise available for such purposes, funds made available pursu-
ant to sections 108 and 109 of Public Law 102-229 or under 
the amendments made by section 506(a) of this Act. 
(2) LIMITATION.—Funds described in paragraph (1) may 
not be obligated for programs and activities under subsection 
(a) unless the Director of the Office of Management and Budget 
has determined that expenditures during fiscal year 1993 pur-
suant to such obligation shall be counted against the defense 
category of the discretionary spending limits for that fiscal 
year (as defined in section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional Budget 
Act of 1974) for purposes of part C of the Balanced Budget 
and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. 
SEC. 504. NONPROLIFERATION AND DISARMAMENT FUND. 
President. 
(a) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized to promote 
22 use 5854. 
bilateral and multilateral 
nonproliferation 
and 
disarmament 
activities— 
(1) by supporting the dismantlement and destruction of 
nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, their delivery sys-
tems, and conventional weapons; 
106 STAT. 3340 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(2) by supporting bilateral and multilateral efforts to halt 
the proliferation of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, 
their delivery systems, related technologies, and other weapons, 
including activities such as— 
(A) the storage, transportation, and safeguarding of 
such weapons, and 
(B) the purchase, barter, or other acquisition of such 
weapons or materials derived from such weapons; 
(3) by establishing programs for safeguarding against the 
proliferation of nuclear, biological, chemical, and other weapons 
of the independent states of the former Soviet Union; 
(4) by establishing programs for preventing diversion of 
weapons-related scientific and technical expertise of the 
independent states to terrorist groups or to third countries; 
(5) by establishing science and technology centers in the 
independent states for the purpose of engaging weapons sci-
entists and engineers of the independent states (in particular 
those who were previously involved in the design and produc-
tion of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons) in productive, 
nonmilitary undertakings; and 
(6) by establishing programs for facilitating the conversion 
of military technologies and capabilities and defense industries 
of the former Soviet Union into civilian activities. 
(b) FUNDING PRIORITIES.—^Priority in carrying out this section 
shall be given to the activities described in paragraphs (1) through 
(5) of subsection (a). 
(c) USE OF SECURITY ASSISTANCE FUNDS.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—In recognition of the direct con-
tributions to the national security interests of the United States 
of the programs and activities authorized by subsection (a), 
the President is authorized to make available for use in carrying 
out those programs and activities, in addition to amounts other-
wise available for such purposes, up to $100,000,000 of security 
assistance funds for fiscal year 1993. 
(2) DEFINITION.—^As used in paragraph (1), the term "secu-
rity assistance funds" means funds made available for assist-
ance under chapter 4 of part II of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (relating to the Economic Support Fund) or assist-
ance under section 23 of the Arms Export Control Act (relating 
to the "Foreign Military Financing Program"). 
(3) 
EXEMPTION 
FROM 
CERTAIN 
RESTRICTIONS.—Section 
531(e) of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, and any provision 
that corresponds to section 510 of the Foreign Operations, 
Export Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 
1991 (relating to the prohibition on financing exports of nuclear 
equipment, fuel, and technology), shall not apply with respect 
to funds used pursuant to this subsection. 
22 use 5855. 
SEC. 505. LIMITATIONS ON DEFENSE CONVERSION AUTHORITIES. 
Notwithstanding any other provision of law (including any other 
provision of this Act), funds may not be obligated in any fiscal 
year for purposes of facilitating the conversion of military tech-
nologies and capabilities and defense industries of the former Soviet 
Union into civilian activities, as authorized by sections 503(a)(6) 
and 504(a)(6) or any other provision of law, unless the President 
has previously obligated in the same fiscal year an amount equal 
to or greater than that amount of funds for defense conversion 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3341 
and defense transition activities in the United States. For purposes 
of this section, the term "defense conversion and defense transition 
activities in the United States" means those United States Grovem-
ment funded programs whose primary purpose is to assist United 
States private sector defense workers. United States companies 
that manufacture or otherwise provide defense goods or services, 
or United States communities adversely affected by reductions in 
United States defense spending, such as programs funded through 
the Office of Economic Adjustment in the Department of Defense, 
through the Defense Conversion Adjustment Program (as author-
ized by the Job Training Partnership Act), or through the Economic 
Development Administration. 
SEC. 506. SOVIET WEAPONS DESTRUCTION. 
22 USC 5856. 
(a) ADDITIONAL FUNDING.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION AMOUNT.—Section 221(a) of the Soviet 
Nuclear Threat Reduction Act of 1991 (title II of Public Law 
102-228; 22 U.S.C. 2551 note) is amended by striking out 
"$400,000,000" and inserting in lieu thereof "$800,000,000". 
(2) AUTHORIZATION PERIOD.—Section 221(e) of such Act is 
amended— 
(A) by inserting "for fiscal year 1992 or fiscal year 
1993" after "under part B"; 
(B) by inserting "for that fiscal year" after "for that 
program"; £uid 
(C) by striking out "for fiscal year 1992" and inserting 
in lieu thereof "for that fiscal year". 
(b) TECHNICAL REVISIONS TO PUBLIC LAW 102-229.—Public Law 
102-229 is amended— 
(1) in section 108 (105 Stat. 1708), by striking out "con-
tained in H.R. 3807, as passed the Senate on November 25, 
1991" and inserting in Ueu thereof "(title II of Public Law 
102-228)"; and 
(2) in section 109 (105 Stat. 1708)— 
(A) by striking out "H.R. 3807, as passed the Senate 
on November 25, 1991" and inserting in Ueu thereof "Public 
Law 102-228 (105 Stat. 1696)"; and 
(B) by striking out "of H.R. 3807". 
(c) AVOIDANCE OF DUPLICATIVE AMENDMENTS.—The amend-
ments made by this section shall not be effective if the National 
Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1993 enacts an amend-
ment to section 221(a) of the Soviet Nuclear Threat Reduction 
Act of 1991 that authorizes the transfer of an amount that is 
the same or greater than the amount that is authorized by the 
amendment made by subsection (a)(1) of this section and enacts 
amendments identical to those in subsections (a)(2) and (b) of this 
section. If that Act enacts such amendments, sections 503 and 
508 of this Act shall be deemed to apply with respect to the 
fiinds made available under such amendments. 
SEC. 507. WAIVER OF CERTAIN PROVISIONS. 
22 USC 5857. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—^Funds made available for fiscal year 1993 
under sections 503 and 504 to provide assistance or otherwise 
carry out programs and activities with respect to the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union under those sections may be 
used notwithstanding any other provision of law, other than the 
provisions cited in subsection (b). 
106 STAT. 3342 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(b) EXCEPTIONS.—Subsection (a) does not apply with respect 
to— 
(1) this title; and 
(2) section 1341 of title 31, United States Code (commonly 
referred to as the "Anti-Deficiency Act"), the Congressional 
Budget and Impoundment Control Act of 1974, the Balanced 
Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985, and the 
Budget Enforcement Act of 1990. 
President. 
SEC. 508. NOTICE AND REPORTS TO CONGRESS. 
(a) NOTICE OF PROPOSED OBLIGATIONS.—Not less than 15 days 
before obligating any funds under section 503 or 504 or the amend-
- 
ments made by section 506(a), the President shall transmit to 
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President Pro 
Tempore of the Senate, and the appropriate congressional commit-
tees a report on the proposed obUgation. Each such report shall 
specify— 
(1) the account, budget activity, and particular program 
or programs from which the funds proposed to be obligated 
are to be derived and the amount of the proposed obligations; 
and 
(2) the activities and forms of assistance for which the 
President plans to obligate such funds. 
(b) SEMIANNUAL REPORT.—^Not later than April 30, 1993, and 
not later than October 30, 1993, the President shall transmit to 
the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President Pro 
Tempore of the Senate, and the appropriate congressional commit-
tees a report on the activities carried out under sections 503 and 
504 and the amendments made by section 506(a). Each such report 
shall set forth, for the preceding 6-month period and cumulatively, 
the following: 
(1) The amounts expended for such activities and the pur-
poses for which they were expended. 
(2) The source of the funds obligated for such activities, 
specified by program. 
(3) A description of the participation of all United States 
Government departments and agencies in such activities. 
(4) A description of the activities carried out and the forms 
of assistance provided. 
(5) Such other information as the President considers 
appropriate to fully inform the Congress concerning the oper-
ation of the programs and activities carried out under sections 
503 and 504 and the amendments made by section 506(a). 
(c) APPROPRIATE CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEES.—^As used in this 
section— 
(1) the 
term 
"appropriate 
congressional 
committees" 
meems— 
(A) the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate, 
the Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives, and the Committees on Appropriations of the 
House and the Senate, wherever the account, budget activ-
ity, or program is fiinded fi"om appropriations made under 
the international affairs budget function (150); 
(B) the Committees on Armed Services and the Com-
mittees on Appropriations of the Senate and the House 
of Representatives, wherever the account, budget activity, 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3343 
or program is funded from appropriations made under the 
national defense budget function (050); and 
(2) the committee to which the specified activities of section 
503(a) or 504(a) or subtitle B of the Soviet Nuclear Threat 
Reduction Act of 1991 (as the case may be), if the subject 
of separate legislation, would be referred, under the rules of 
the respective House of Congress. 
SEC. 509. INTERNATIONAL NONPROLIFERATION INITIATIVE. 
22 USC 5859. 
(a) ASSISTANCE FOR INTERNATIONAL NONPROLIFERATION ACTIVI-
TIES.—Subject to the limitations and requirements provided in this 
section, during fiscal year 1993 the Secretary of Defense, under 
the guidance of the President, may provide assistance to support 
international nonproliferation activities. 
(b) ACTIVITIES FOR WHICH ASSISTANCE MAY B E PROVIDED.— 
Activities for which assistance may be provided under this section 
are activities such as the following: 
(1) Activities carried out by the International Atomic 
Energy Agency (IAEA) that are designed to ensure more effec-
tive safeguards against nuclear proliferation and more aggres-
sive verification of compliance with the Treaty on the Non-
proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, done on July 1,1968. 
(2) Activities of the On-Site Inspection Agency in support 
of the United Nations Special Commission on Iraq. 
(3) Collaborative international nuclear security £ind nuclear 
safety projects to combat the threat of nuclear theft, terrorism, 
or accidents, including joint emergency response exercises, tech-
nical assistance, and training. 
(4) Efforts to improve international cooperative monitoring 
of nuclear proliferation through joint technical projects and 
improved intelligence sharing. 
(c) FORM OF ASSISTANCE.—(1) Assistance under this section 
may include funds and in-kind contributions of supplies, equipment, 
personnel, training, and other forms of assistance. 
(2) Assistance under this section may be provided to inter-
national organizations in the form of funds only if the amount 
in the "Contributions to International Organizations" account of 
the Department of State is insufficient or otherwise unavailable 
to meet the United States fair share of assessments for international 
nuclear nonproliferation activities. 
(3) No amount may be obUgated for an expenditure under 
this section unless the Director of the Office of Management and 
Budget determines that the expenditure will be counted against 
the defense category of the discretionary spending limits for fiscal 
year 1993 (as defined in section 601(a)(2) of the Congressional 
Budget Act of 1974) for purposes of part C of the Balanced Budget 
and Emergency Deficit Control Act of 1985. 
(4) No assistance may be furnished under this section unless 
the Secretary of Defense determines and certifies to the Congress 
30 days in advance that the provision of such assistance— 
(A) is in the national security interest of the United States; 
and 
(B) will not adversely affect the military preparedness of 
the United States. 
(5) The authority to provide assistance under this section in 
the form of funds may be exercised only to the extent zind in 
the amounts provided in advance in appropriations Act. 
106 STAT. 3344 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(d) SOURCES OF ASSISTANCE.—(1) Fiinds provided as assistance 
under this section shall be derived from amounts made available 
to the Department of Defense for fiscal year 1993 or from balances 
in working capital accounts of the Department of Defense. 
(2) Supplies and equipment provided as assistance under this 
section may be provided, by loan or donation, from existing stocks 
of the Department of Defense and the Department of Energy. 
(3) The total amount of the assistance provided in the form 
of funds under this section may not exceed $40,000,000. Of such 
amount, not more than $20,000,000 may be used for the activities 
of the On-Site Inspection agency in support of the United Nations 
Special Commission on Iraq. 
Reports. 
(4) Not less than 30 days before obligating any fimds to provide 
assistance under this section, the Secretary of Defense shall trans-
mit to the committees of Congress named in subsection (e)(2) a 
report on the proposed obligation. Each such report shall specify— 
(A) the account, budget activity, and particular program 
or programs from which the funds proposed to be obligated 
are to oe derived and the amount of the proposed obUgation; 
and 
(B) the activities and forms of assistance for which the 
Secretary of Defense plans to obligate the funds. 
(e) QUARTERLY REPORT.—(1) Not later than 30 days after the 
end of each quarter of fiscal year 1993, the Secretary of Defense 
shall transmit to the committees of Congress named in paragraph 
(2) a report of the activities to reduce the proliferation threat 
carried out under this section. Each report shall set forth (for 
the preceding quarter and cumulatively)— 
(A) the amounts spent for such activities and the purposes 
for which they were spent; 
(B) a description of the participation of the Department 
of Defense and the Department of Energy and the participation 
of other Government agencies in those activities; and 
(C) a description of the activities for which the funds were 
spent. 
(2) The committees of Congress to which reports under para-
graph (1) and under subsection (d)(2) are to be transmitted are— 
(A) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Appropriations, and the Committee on Foreign Relations of 
the Senate; and 
(B) the Committee on Armed Services, the Committee on 
Appropriations, the Committee on Foreign Affairs, and the 
Committee on Energy and Commerce of the House of Rep-
resentatives. 
(f) AVOIDANCE OF DUPLICATIVE AUTHORIZATIONS.—^This section 
shall not apply if the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal 
Year 1993 enacts the same authorities and requirements as are 
contained in this section and authorizes the appropriation of the 
same (or a greater) amount to carry out such authorities. 
22 use 5860. 
SEC. 510. REPORT ON SPECIAL NUCLEAR MATERIALS. 
Not later theui 180 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the Secretary of State shall prepsire, in consultation with 
the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Energy, and shall 
transmit to the Congress a report on the possible alternatives 
for the ultimate disposition of special nuclear materials of the 
former Soviet Union. This report shall include— 
. 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3345 
(1) a cost-benefit analysis comparing (A) the relative merits 
of the indefinite storage and safeguarding of such materials 
in the independent states of the former Soviet Union and (B) 
its acquisition by the United States by purchase, barter, or 
other means; 
(2) a discussion of relevant issues such as the protection 
of United States uranium producers from dumping, the relative 
vulnerability of these stocks of special nuclear materials to 
illegal proliferation, and the potential electrical and other sav-
ings associated with their being made available in the fuel 
cycle in the United States; and 
(3) a discussion of how highly enriched uranium stocks 
could be diluted for reactor fuel. 
SEC. 511. RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT FOUNDATION. 
22 USC 5861. 
(a) ESTABLISHMENT.—The Director of the National Science 
Foundation (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Director") 
is authorized to establish an endowed, nongovernmental, nonprofit 
foundation (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Founda-
tion") in consultation with the Director of the Nationed Institute 
of Standards and Technology. 
(b) PURPOSES.—^The purposes of the Foundation shall be the 
following: 
(1) To provide productive research and 
development 
opportunities within the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union that offer scientists and engineers alternatives to emigra-
tion and help prevent the dissolution of the technological infra-
structure of the independent states. 
(2) To advance defense conversion by funding civilian col-
laborative research and development projects between scientists 
and engineers in the United States and in the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union. 
(3) To assist in the establishment of a market economy 
in the independent states of the former Soviet Union by promot-
ing, identifying, and partially funding joint research, develop-
ment, and demonstration ventures between United States 
businesses and scientists, engineers, and entrepreneurs in those 
independent states. 
(4) To provide a mechanism for scientists, engineers, and 
entrepreneurs in the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union to develop an understanding of commercial business 
practices by establishing linkages to United States scientists, 
engineers, and businesses. 
(5) To provide access for United States businesses to sophis-
ticated new technologies, talented researchers, and potential 
new markets within the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union. 
(c) FUNCTIONS.—In carrying out its purposes, the Foundation 
shall— 
(1) promote and support joint research and development 
projects for peaceful purposes between scientists and engineers 
in the United States and independent states of the former 
Soviet Union on subjects of mutual interest; and 
(2) seek to establish joint nondefense industrial research, 
development, and demonstration activities through private sec-
tor Unkages which may involve participation by scientists and 
106 STAT. 3346 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
engineers in the university or academic sectors, and which 
shall include some contribution from industrial participants, 
(d) FUNDING.— 
(1) USE OF CERTAIN DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE FUNDS.— 
(A) To the extent funds appropriated to carry out subtitle 
E of title XIV of the National Defense Authorization Act for 
Fiscal Year 1993 (relating to joint research and development 
programs with the independent states of the former Soviet 
Union) are otherwise available for such purpose, such funds 
may be made available to the Director for use by the Director 
in establishing the endowment of the Foundation and otherwise 
canying out this section. 
(B) For each fiscal year after fiscal year 1993, not more 
than 50 percent of the funds made available to the Foundation 
by the United States Government may be funds appropriated 
in the national defense budget function (function 050). 
(2) 
CONTRIBUTION TO ENDOWMENT BY PARTICIPATING 
INDEPENDENT STATES.—^As a condition of participation in the 
Foundation, an independent state of the former Soviet Union 
must make a minimum contribution to the endowment of the 
Foundation, as determined by the Director, which shall reflect 
the ability of the independent state to make a financial con-
tribution and its expected level of participation in the Founda-
tion's programs. 
(3) DEBT CONVERSIONS.—To the extent provided in advance 
by appropriations Acts, local currencies or other assets resulting 
from govemment-to-govemment debt conversions may be made 
available to the Foundation. For purposes of this paragraph, 
the term "debt conversion" means an agreement whereby a 
countr3r's government-to-government or commercial external 
debt burden is exchanged by the holder for local currencies, 
policy commitments, other assets, or other economic activities, 
or for an equity interest in an enterprise theretofore owned 
by the debtor government. 
(4) LOCAL CURRENCIES.—In addition to other uses provided 
by law, and subject to agreement with the foreign government, 
local currencies generated by United States assistance pro-
grams may be made available to the Foundation. 
(5) 
INVESTMENT 
OF 
GOVERNMENT 
ASSISTANCE.—The 
Foundation may invest any revenue provided to it through 
United States Government assistance, and any interest earned 
on such investment may be used only for the purpose for 
which the assistance was provided. 
(6) 
OTHER 
FUNDS 
FROM 
GOVERNMENT 
AND NON-
GOVERNMENTAL SOURCES.—^The Foundation may accept such 
other funds as may be provided to it by Government agencies 
or nongovernmental entities. 
TITLE VI—SPACE TRADE AND 
COOPERATION 
22 use 5871. 
SEC. 601. FACILITATING DISCUSSIONS REGARDING THE ACQUISITION 
OF SPACE HARDWARE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SERVICES 
FROM THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. 
(a) EXPEDITED REVIEW.—^Any request for a license or other 
approval described in subsection (c) that is submitted to any United 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3347 
States Grovemment agency by the National Aeronautics and Space 
Administration, any of its contractors, or any other person shall 
be considered on an expedited basis by that agency and any other 
agency involved in an applicable interagency review process. 
(b) NOTICE TO CONGRESS IF LICENSE DENIED.—If any United 
States Grovemment agency denies a request for a license or other 
approval described in subsection (c), that agency shall immediately 
notify the designated congressional cominittees. Each such notifica-
tion shall include a statement of the reasons for the denial. 
(c) DESCRIPTION OF DISCUSSIONS.—This section applies to a 
request for any license or other approval that may be necessary 
to conduct discussions with an independent state of the former 
Soviet Union with respect to the possible acquisition of any space 
hardware, space technology, or space service for integration into— 
(1) United States space projects that have been approved 
by the Congress, or 
(2) commercial space ventures, 
including discussions relating to technical evaluation of such hard-
ware, technology, or service. 
SEC. 602. OFFICE OF SPACE COMMERCE. 
22 USC 5872. 
(a) TRADE MISSIONS.—^The Office of Space Commerce of the 
Department of Commerce is authorized £ind encouraged to conduct 
one or more trade missions to appropriate independent states of 
the former Soviet Union for the purpose of familiarizing United 
States aerospace industrj' representatives with space hardware, 
space technologies, and space services that may be available from 
the independent states, and with the business practices £uid overall 
business climate in the independent states. 
(b) 
MONITORING 
NEGOTIATIONS.—The 
Office 
of Space 
Commerce— 
(1) shall monitor the progress of any discussions described 
in section 601(c)(1) that are being conducted; and 
(2) shall advise the Administrator of the National Aero-
nautics and Space Administration as to the impact on United 
States industry of each potential acquisition of space hardware, 
space technology, or space services from the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union, specifically including any anti-
competitive issues the Office may observe. 
SEC. 603. REPORT TO CONGRESS. 
22 USC 5873. 
Within one year after the date of enactment of this title, the 
President shall submit to the designated congressional committees 
a report describing— 
(1) the opportunities for increased space-related trade with 
the independent states of the former Soviet Union; 
(2) a technology procurement plan for identifying and 
evaluating all unique space hardware, space technology, and 
space services available to the United States from the independ-
ent states; 
(3) specific space hardware, space technology, and space 
services that have been, or could be, the subject of discussions 
described in section 601(c); 
(4) the trade missions carried out pursuant to section 
602(a), including the private participation in and the results 
of such missions; 
(5) any barriers, regulatory or practical, that inhibit space-
related trade between the United States and independent 
106 STAT. 3348 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
states, including any such barriers in either the United States 
or the independent states; and 
(6) any anticompetitive issues raised during the course 
of negotiations, as observed pursuant to section 602(b). 
22 use 5874. 
SEC. 604. DEFINITIONS. 
For purposes of this title— 
(1) the term "contractor" means a National Aeronautics 
£uid Space Administration contractor to the extent that the 
acquisition of space hardware, space technology, or space serv-
ices from the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
may be relevant to the contractor's responsibilities under the 
contract; and 
(2) the term "designated congressional committees" means 
the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology and the 
Committee on Foreign Affairs of the House of Representatives 
and the Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation 
and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the Senate. 
TITLE VII—AGRICULTURAL TRADE 
SEC. 701. FOOD FOR PROGRESS ACT. 
7 use i736o. 
Section 1110 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 US.C. 1736o) 
is amended— 
(1) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by inserting "(including the independent states of 
the former Soviet Union)" after "such countries"; 
(B) by striking "or cooperatives" and inserting "coopera-
tives, or other private entities"; 
(C) by inserting "(1)" after "(b)"; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following: 
"(2) The annual tonnage limitation contained in subsection 
(g) shall not apply with respect to commodities furnished to the 
independent states of the former Soviet Union during fiscal year 
1993."; 
(2) by amending subsection (f)(1) to read as follows: 
"(f)(1) The Commodity Credit Corporation may provide for— 
"(A) grants, or 
"(B) in the case of the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union, sales on credit terms, 
of commodities made available under section 416(b) of the Agricul-
tural Act of 1949 for use in carrying out this section."; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
President. 
"(m) In canying out this section with respect to the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union, the President shall approve, 
as determined appropriate by the President, agreements with pri-
vate voluntary organizations £ind cooperatives that provide for— 
"(1) the sale of commodities, including the marketing of 
these commodities through the private sector; and 
"(2) the use in the independent states of the proceeds 
generated in the humanitarian and development programs of 
such private voluntary organizations and cooperatives. 
"(n) As used in this section, the term 'independent states of 
the former Soviet Union' means the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union as defined in section 102(8) of the Agricultural 
Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602(8)).". 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3349 
SEC. 702. DEFINITIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL TRADE ACT OF 1978. 
(a) AGRICULTURAL COMMODITY.—Section 102(1) of the Agricul-
tural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602(1)) is amended by striking 
"feed, or fiber" and inserting "feed, fiber, or livestock (including 
livestock as it is defined in section 602(2) of the Agricultural Act 
of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 1471(2)) and insects)". 
(b) INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.— 
Section 102 of the Agricultural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602) 
is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(8) iNDEPENDENr STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.— 
The term 'independent states of the former Soviet Union' means 
the 
following: 
Armenia, 
Azerbaijan, 
Belarus, 
Georgia, 
Kazakhstan, 
Kyrgyzstan, 
Moldova, 
Russia, 
Tajikistan, 
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, and Uzbekistan.". 
SEC. 703. ASSISTANCE FOR PRIVATE VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS. 
The President is encouraged to use funds made available under 
section 109 of Public Law 102-229 (105 Stat. 1708), and funds 
made available under chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961, to assist private voluntary organizations and coopera-
tives in carrying out food assistance programs for the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union under— 
(1) section 1110 of the Food Security Act of 1985 (7 U.S.C. 
1736o); 
(2) section 416 of the Agricultural Act of 1949 (7 U.S.C. 
1431); or 
(3) title II of the Agricultural Trade Development and 
Assistance Act of 1954 (7 U.S.C. 1721 et seq.). 
SEC. 704. DISTRIBUTION OF AID TO THE INDEPENDENT STATES OF 
THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. 
It is the sense of Congress that, in order to avoid waste and 
to ensure fair and equitable distribution of food and commodities 
provided to the independent states of the former Soviet Union, 
the President should, as appropriate, when discussing and planning 
the provision of such food aid, whether acting unilaterally or multi-
laterally with other donor countries, encourage the involvement 
of suitable multinational organizations to monitor the transport 
and distribution of such food aid within such entities. 
SEC. 705. AGRICULTURAI. FELLOWSHIP 
PROGRAM 
FOR MIDDLE 
INCOME COUNTRIES AND EMERGING DEMOCRACIES. 
(a) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.—Section 1543 of the Food, Agri-
culture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 3293) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a) by striking "middle income countries 
and emerging democracies" and by inserting "(as determined 
under subsection (b))" after "eligible countries"; and 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking "that meet the following requirements" 
in the text preceding paragraph (1) and inserting "described 
in any of the following paragraphs"; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
"(4) INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION.— 
A country that is an independent state of the former Soviet 
Union (as defined in section 102(8) of the Agricultural Trade 
Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5602(8)), to the extent that the Secretary 
106 STAT. 3350 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
of Agriculture determines that such country should be eligible 
to participate in the program established under this section.". 
(b) INDIVIDUALS WHO MAY RECEIVE FELLOWSHIPS.—Section 
1543(d) of the Food, Agriculture, Conservation, and Trade Act of 
1990 (7 U.S.C. 3293(b)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following: 'The Secretary may provide fellowships under the pro-
gram authorized by this section to private agricultural producers 
from eligible countries.". 
SEC. 706. PROMOTION OF AGRICULTURAL EXPORTS TO EMERGING 
DEMOCRACIES. 
Section 1542 of the Agricultural Development and Trade Act 
of 1990 (7 U.S.C. 5622 note) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by inserting "direct credits or" before "export 
credit"' 
(B) by inserting "201 or" before "202"; and 
(C) by inserting "or authorized" after "required"; 
(2) in subsection (b)— 
(A) by striking the subsection heading and inserting 
"(b) FACILITIES AND SERVICES.—"; 
(B) by striking "for the establishment or improvement 
by United States persons of facilities in emerging democ-
racies" and inserting the following: "for— 
"(1) the establishment or improvement of facilities, or 
"(2) the provision of services or United States produced 
goods, 
in emerging democracies by United States persons"; and 
(C) by striking the last sentence and inserting the 
following: "The Commodity Credit Corporation shall give 
priority under this subsection— 
(1) to opportunities or projects identified xmder subsection 
(d)(1); 
"(2) to projects that encourage the privatization of the 
agricultural sector or that benefit private farms or cooperatives 
in emerging democracies; and 
"(3) to projects for which nongovernmental persons agree 
to assume a relatively larger share of the costs."; 
(3) in subsection (d)(l)(B)(i), by inserting ", farmers, other 
persons from the private sector," after "agricultural consult-
ants"; and 
(4) by amending subsection (d)(1)(D) to read as follows: 
"(D) TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE.—The Secretary is authorized 
to provide, or pay the necessary costs for, technical assistance 
to enable individuals or other entities to implement the rec-
ommendations or to carry out the opportunities £uid projects 
identified under paragraph (1)(A).". 
SEC. 707. DIRECT CREDIT SALES. 
(a) REQUIRED DETERMINATIONS.—Section 201(c) of the Agricul-
tural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5621(c)) is amended by inserting 
after paragraph (3) the following: 
"The reference in paragraphs (1) and (2) to 'on a long-term basis' 
shall not apply in the case of determinations with respect to sales 
to the independent states of the former Soviet Union.". 
(b) ELIGIBLE COUNTRIES.—Section 201(d)(1)(C) of the Agricul-
tural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5621(d)(1)(C)) is amended to 
read as follows: 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3351 
"(C) to assist countries in meeting their food and fiber 
needs, particularly— 
"(i) developing countries; and 
"(ii) countries that are emerging democracies that 
have committed to carry out, or are carrying out, poli-
cies that promote economic freedom, private domestic 
production of food commodities for domestic consump-
tion, and the creation and expansion of efiRcient domes-
tic markets for the purchase and sale of agricultural 
commodities; and". 
(c) RESTRICTIONS.—Section 201 of the Agricultural Trade Act 
of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5621) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subsection: 
"(f) RESTRICTIONS.—The Commodity Credit Corporation may 
not make export sales financing authorized under this section avail-
able in connection with sales of an agricultural commodity to any 
country that the Secretary determines cannot adequately service 
the debt associated with such sale.". 
(d) REGULATIONS.—^The Secretary of Agriculture shall issue 
22 use 5621 
final regulations to implement section 201 of the Agricultural Trade 
"°^-
Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5621), as amended by this section, not later 
than 30 days after the date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 708. EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEES. 
(a) REQUIRED DETERMINATIONS.—Section 202(c) of the Agricul-
tural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5622(c)) is amended by inserting 
after paragraph (3) the following: 
"The reference in paragraphs (1) and (2) to 'on a long-term basis' 
shall not apply in the case of determinations with respect to sales 
to the independent states of the former Soviet Union.". 
(b) PURPOSE OF PROGRAM.—Section 202(d)(3) of the Agricultural 
Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5622(c)) to read as follows: 
"(3) to assist countries in meeting their food and fiber 
needs, particularly— 
"(A) developing countries; and 
**(B) countries that are emerging democracies that have 
committed to carry out, or are carrying out, policies that 
promote economic freedom, private domestic production of 
food commodities for domestic consumption, and the cre-
ation and expansion of efficient domestic markets for the 
purchase and sale of agricultural commodities; and". 
SEC. 
7
0
9
. 
EXPORT 
PROMOTION 
PROGRAMS 
AMENDMENTS. 
(a) 
PROCESSED AND HIGH-VALUE 
AGRICULTURAL 
PRODUCT 
EXPORT CREDIT GUARANTEE PROGRAM.—Section 202 of the Agricul-
tural Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5622) is amended— 
(1) in subsections (a) and (b), by inserting ", including 
processed agricultural products and high-value agricultural 
products," after "agricultural commodities" both places it 
appears; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new subsection: 
"(k) SET-ASIDES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—In issuing export credit guarantees 
under this section in connection with sales to the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union, the Commodity Credit Cor-
poration shedl, to the extent practicable and subject to para-
graph (2), ensure that no less than 35 percent of the total 
amount of credit guarantees issued for a fiscal year are issued 
106 STAT. 3352 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
to promote the export of processed and high-value agricultural 
products and that the bsdance are issued to promote the export 
of bulk or raw agricultural commodities. 
"(2) LIMITATION.—^The 35 percent requirement of paragraph 
(1) shall apply for a fiscal year only to the extent that the 
percentage of the total amount of credit guarantees issued 
for that fiscal year under this section to promote the export 
to all coimtries of processed and high-value agriculturcd prod-
ucts is less than 25 percent.", 
(b) 
PROCESSED AND HIGH-VALUE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCT 
EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM.—Section 301 of the Agricultural 
Trade Act of 1978 (7 U.S.C. 5651) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a), by inserting ", including processed 
agricultural products and high-value agricultural products," 
after "agricultural commodities"; and 
(2) in subsection (e)— 
(A) by striking "The Commodity" and inserting the 
following: 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The Commodity"; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
"(2) SET-ASIDES.—(A) For each fiscal year, the Corporation 
shall, to the extent practicable and subject to subparagraph 
(B), ensure that no less than 25 percent of the total of— 
"(i) the funds expended, and 
"(ii) the value of any commodities made available, 
under this section in connection with sales of agricultural com-
modities to the independent states of the former Soviet Union 
is used to promote the export of processed and high-value 
United States agricultural products and that the balance of 
the funds expended and commodities made available under 
this section in connection with such sales is used to promote 
the export of bulk or raw United States agricultural conmiod-
ities. 
"(B) The 25 percent requirement of subparagraph (A) shall 
apply for a fiscal year only to the extent that the percentage 
of the total o
f
—
• 
"(i) the funds expended, and 
"(ii) the value of commodities made available, 
for that fiscal year under this section to promote the export 
to all countries of processed and high-value United States agri-
cultural products is less than 15 percent.". 
TITLE VIII—UNITED STATES INFORMA-
TION 
AGENCY, 
DEPARTMENT OF 
STATE, AND RELATED AGENCIES AND 
ACTIVITIES 
SEC. 801. DESIGNATION OF EDMUND S. MUSKIE FELLOWSHIP PRO-
GRAM. 
Section 227 of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscsd 
Years 1992 and 1993 (22 U.S.C. 2452 note), is amended by adding 
at the end the following new subsection: 
"(f) DESIGNATION OF PROGRAM AND SCHOLARSHIPS.— 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3353 
"(1) The scholarship program estabUshed by this section 
shall be known as the 'Edmund S. Muskie Fellowship Program'. 
"(2) Scholarships provided imder this section shall be 
known as TVIuskie Fellowships'.". 
SEC. 802. NEW DIPLOMATIC POSTS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATES. Appropriation 
There are authorized to be appropriated for "NEW DIPLOMATIC 
POSTS" for personnel, support, and other expenses, not otherwise 
provided for, for the Department of State and the United States 
Information Agency to establish and operate new diplomatic posts 
in the independent states of former Soviet Union, $25,000,000 for 
fiscal year 1993, which are authorized to remain available until 
September 30,1994. 
SEC. 803. OCCUPANCY OF N
B
i
W CHANCERY BUILDINGS. 
Subsections (£) and (g) of section 132 of the Foreign Relations 
Authorization Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993, are repealed. 
105 Stat. 662. 
SEC. 804. CERTAIN POSITIONS AT UNITED STATES MISSIONS. 
(a) AMENDMENT.—Section 1004(a) of the Omnibus Diplomatic 
Security and Anti-Terrorism Act of 1986 is amended by adding 22USC4903. 
at the end the following: "Not less than 15 shall be provided 
during fiscal year 1993.". 
(b) FUNDING.—In addition to the fimds made available pursuant 
22 USC 4903 
to section 1005(c) of that Act, funds authorized to be appropriated 
"°**-
by chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 
may be used in carrying out the amendment made by subsection 
(a) with respect to missions in the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union. 
SEC. 805. INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT LAW INSTITUTE. 
22 USC 288j. 
For purposes of the International Organizations Immunities 
Act (22 U.S.C. 288 and following), the International Development 
Law Institute shall be considered to be a public intemationgil 
organization in which the United States participates under the 
authority of £in Act of Congress authorizing such participation. 
SEC. 806. CERTAIN BOARD FOR INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTING 
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES. 
Section 301(c) of the Foreign Relations Authorization Act, Fiscal 
Years 1990 and 1991 (104 Stat. 63), is amended by adding at 
the end the following: 
"(3) For purposes of the notification requirements of section 
634A(c) of the Foreig^i Assistance Act of 1961, any action by 
the Board for International Broadcasting or its agents, after 
the date of enactment of this paragraph, to require or allow 
the construction authorized by this subsection to proceed shall 
be treated as a reprogramming of fimds subject to the notifica-
tion requirements of the annual Departments of Commerce, 
Justice, and State, the Judiciary, and Related Agencies Appro-
priation Act. Amounts authorized to be appropriated under 
paragraph (1) shall be available for expenditure for construction 
services only in accordance with the procedures applicable 
under that section.". 
SEC. 807. EXCHANGES AND TRAINING AND SIMILAR PROGRAMS. 
22 USC 2452 
(a) FUNDING FOR EXCHANGES AND TRAINING AND SIMILAR PRO- 
^°^' 
GRAMS.— 
106 STAT. 3354 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
Appropriation 
authorization. 
Effective date. 
22 u s e 2452 
note 
(1) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.—To carry out a 
broad spectrum of exchanges, and of training and similar pro-
grams to promote the objectives described in section 498 of 
the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, between the United States 
and the independent states of the former Soviet Union, there 
are authorized to be appropriated for fiscal year 1993 (in addi-
tion to amounts otherwise available for such purposes) the 
following: 
(A) $20,000,000 for exchange programs for secondary 
school students. 
(B) $30,000,000 for programs for participants other 
than secondary school students, including undergraduate 
and graduate students, farmers and other agribusiness 
practitioners, and participants in the exchanges carried 
out under paragraph (2). 
(2) LOCAL AND REGIONAL SELF-GOVERNMENT EXCHANGES.— 
The Director of the United States Information Agency is author-
ized to use funds authorized to be appropriated by paragraph 
(1)(B) to conduct exchanges to provide technical assistance in 
local and regional self-government to the independent states. 
(3) REPORT ON PROPOSED FUNDING ALLOCATIONS.—Within 
45 days after the date of the enactment of this Act, the coordina-
tor designated pursuant to section 102(a) of this Act shall 
submit to the Congress a report specifying the amount of funds 
authorized to be appropriated by paragraph (1) that is proposed 
to be allocated for each category of program and for each 
Government agency. 
(4) PROGRAM ADMINISTRATION.— 
(A) USIA.—Educational, cultural, and any other 
exchange programs carried out under this subsection, 
including any such programs for secondary school students, 
shall be administered by the United States Information 
Agency, and funds allocated for such programs shall be 
transferred to that Agency. 
(B) 
OTHER 
AGENCIES.—^Training 
and 
other 
non-
exchange programs carried out under this subsection shall 
be administered by the Agency for International Develop-
ment or such other Government agency as has experience 
and expertise in canying out such programs. 
(5) ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES.—Up to 5 percent of the 
funds made available to each Government agency under this 
subsection may be used by that agency for administrative 
expenses of program implementation. 
(b) ENHANCEMENT OF USIA EDUCATIONAL AND CULTURAL 
EXCHANGE PROGRAMS.—In addition to amounts otherwise available 
for such purposes, there are authorized to be appropriated to the 
United States Information Agency for fiscal year 1993 for enhance-
ment of existing educational and cultural exchange programs the 
following: 
(1) $9,950,000 for Fulbright Academic Exchange Programs. 
(2) $10,850,000 for other programs administered by the 
Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs. 
(c) REPEAL.—Effective 6 months after the date of enactment 
of this Act, section 225 of the Foreign Relations Authorization 
Act, Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993, and the item relating to that 
section in the table of contents set forth in section 2 of that Act, 
are repealed. 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3355 
(d) AGRIBUSINESS EXCHANGES.— 
(1) AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized to estab- President, 
lish regional agribusiness offices at State universities and land uni\^sities 
grant colleges in the United States for the purpose of expanding 
exchanges between agribusiness practitioners in the United 
States and agribusiness practitioners in the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union. 
(2) LIMITATION ON FUNDING SOURCES.—Funds authorized 
to be appropriated by this section or other provisions of this 
Act (including chapter 11 of part I of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961) may not be used to carry out this subsection. 
TITLE IX—OTHER PROVISIONS 
SEC. 901. FOREIGN ASSISTANCE ACT LIST OF COMMUNIST COUNTRIES. 
Paragraph (1) of section 620(f) of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2370(f)(1)) is amended by striking out from 
the list of countries in the last sentence of that paragraph the 
following: "Czechoslovak Socialist Republic", "Estonia.", "German 
Democratic Republic", "Hungarian People's Republic", "Latvia.", 
"Lithuania.", "People's Republic of Albania.", "People's Republic of 
Bulgaria.", "Pohsh People's RepubUc", "SociaHst Federal Republic 
of Yugoslavia.", "Socialist Republic of Romania.", and "Union of 
Soviet Socialist Republics (including its captive constituent repub-
hcs).". 
SEC. 902. JOHNSON ACT. 
18 USC 955 note. 
Section 955 of title 18, United States Code, shall not apply 
with respect to any obligations of the former Soviet Union, or 
any of the independent states of the former Soviet Union, or any 
political subdivision, organization, or association thereof. 
SEC. 903. 
SUPPORT 
FOR EAST 
EUROPEAN DEMOCRACY (SEED) ACT. 
(a) SCOPE OF AUTHORITY.—^The Support for East European 
Democracy (SEED) Act of 1989 is amended by inserting after section 
2 (22 U.S.C. 5401) the following: 
"SEC. 3. SCOPE OF AUTHORITY. 
22 USC 5402. 
"(a) GENERAL AUTHORIZATION.—The President is authorized to 
conduct activities for any East European country that are similar 
to any activity authorized by this Act to be conducted in Poland 
or Hungary (excluding those authorized by section 102 or the 
amendments made by sections 301 and 304) if such similar activities 
would effectively promote a transition to market-oriented democ-
racy. 
"(b) ADMINISTRATION OF JUSTICE 
PROGRAMS.—In order to 
strengthen the administration of 
justice in East European countries, 
the President may exercise the same authorities with respect to 
those countries as are available under section 534 of the Foreign 
Assistance Act of 1961, subject to the limitations and requirements 
of that section, other than subsection (c) and the last two sentences 
of subsection (e). 
"(c) DEFINITION OF EAST EUROPEAN COUNTRY.—^For purposes 
of this Act, the term 'East European country includes Albania, 
Bulgaria, the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, Estonia, Hungary, 
Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, and states that were part 
of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.". 
106 STAT. 3356 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—The table of contents in section 
1 of that Act is amended by inserting after the item relating 
to section 2 insert the following: 
"Sec. 3. Scope of authority.". 
SEC. 904. PEACE CORPS VOLUNTEER TRAINING REQUIREMENTS. 
Section 8(c) of the Peace Corps Act (22 U.S.C. 2507(c)) is 
repealed. 
SEC. 905. ESTABLISHING CATEGORIES OF ALIENS FOR PURPOSES OF 
REFUGEE DETERMINATIONS; ADJUSTMENT OF STATUS 
FOR CERTAIN SOVIET AND INDOCHINESE PAROLEES. 
(a) EXTENSION OF PROVISIONS.—The Foreign Operations, Export 
Financing, and Related Programs Appropriations Act, 1990 (Public 
Law 101-167) is amended in section 599D (8 U.S.C. 1157 note)— 
(1) in subsection (b)(3), by inserting "and within the number 
of such admissions allocated for each of fiscal years 1993 and 
1994 for refugees who are nationals of the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania 
under such section" after "Act"; and 
(2) in subsection (e), by striking out "October 1, 1992" 
each place it appears and inserting in lieu thereof "October 
1,1994". 
(b) CORRECTION OF REFERENCES TO SOVIET UNION.—That Act 
is amended— 
(1) in section 599D(b)— 
(A) in paragraphs (1)(A), (2)(A), and (2)(B), by striking 
out "of the Soviet Union" each place it appears and insert-
ing in lieu thereof "of an independent state of the former 
Soviet Union or of Estonia, Latvia, or Lithuania"; and 
(B) in paragraph (1)(A), by striking out "in the Soviet 
Union" and inserting in lieu thereof "in that state"; and 
8 use 1255 note. 
(2) in section 599E(b)(l), by striking out "of the Soviet 
Union," and inserting in lieu thereof "of an independent state 
of the former Soviet Union, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania,". 
(c) REPEAL OF EXECUTED REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Section 
599D of that Act is amended by repealing subsection (f). 
22 use 2753 
SEC. 906. ELIGIBILITY OF BALTIC STATES FOR NONLETHAL DEFENSE 
note. 
ARTICLES. 
(a) ELIGIBILITY.—Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania shall each be 
eligible— 
(1) to purchase, or to receive financing for the purchase 
of, nonlethal defense articles— 
(A) under the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 
2751 et seq.), without regard to section 3(a)(1) of that 
Act, or 
(B) under section 503 of the Foreign Assistance Act 
of 1961 (22 U.S.C. 2311), without regard to the requirement 
in subsection (a) of that section for a Presidential finding; 
and 
(2) to receive nonlethal excess defense articles transferred 
under section 519 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 (22 
U.S.C. 2321m), without regard to the restrictions in subsection 
(a) of that section. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—^As used in this section— 
: 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3357 
(1) the term "defense article" has the same meaning given 
to that term in section 47(3) of the Arms Export Control Act 
(22 U.S.C. 2794(3)); and 
(2) the term "excess defense article" has the same meaning 
given to that term in section 644(g) of the Foreign Assistance 
Act of 1961 (22 U.S.C, 2403(g)). 
SEC. 907. RESTRICTION ON ASSISTANCE TO AZERBAIJAN. 
United States assistance under this or any other Act (other 
than assistance under title V of this Act) may not be provided 
to the Government of Azerbaijan until the President determines, 
and so reports to the Congress, that the Government of Azerbaijan 
is taking demonstrable steps to cease all blockades and other offen-
sive uses of force against i^rmenia and Nagorno-Karabakh. 
TITLE X—INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL 
INSTITUTIONS 
President. 
Reports. 
22 use 5812 
note. 
SEC. 1001. INTERNATIONAL, MONETARY FUND QUOTA INCREASE. 
The Bretton Woods Agreements Act (22 U.S.C. 286 and fol-
lowing) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"SEC. 56. QUOTA INCREASE. 
22 USC 286e-l/. 
"The United States Governor of the Fund may consent to an 
increase in the quota of the United States in the Fund equivalent 
to 8,608,500,000 Special Drawing Rights, limited to such amounts 
as are provided in advance in appropriations Acts. 
"SEC. 57. ACCEPTANCE OF AMENDMENTS TO THE ARTICLES OF 22 USC 286e-5b. 
AGREEMENT OF THE FUND. 
"The United States Governor of the Fund may agree to and 
accept the amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the Fund 
as proposed in the resolution numbered 45-3 of the Board of Grov-
ernors of the Fund that was approved by such Board on June 
28, 1990. 
"SEC. 58. APPROVAL OF FUND PLEDGE TO SELL GOLD TO PROVIDE 22 USC 286e-13. 
RESOURCES FOR THE RESERVE ACCOUNT OF THE 
ENHANCED STRUCTURAL ADJUSTMENT FACILITY TRUST. 
"The Secretary of the Treasury is authorized to instruct the 
United States Executive Director of the Fund to vote to approve 
the Fund's pledge to sell, if needed, up to 3,000,000 ounces of 
the Fund's gold, to restore the resources of the Reserve Account 
of the Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility Trust to a level 
that would be sufficient to meet obligations of the Trust payable 
to lenders which have made loans to the Loan Account of the 
Trust that have been used for the purpose of financing programs 
to Fund members previously in arrears to the Fund.". 
SEC. 1002. INTERNATIONAI. MONETARY FUND POLICY CHANGES. 
The Bretton Woods Agreements Act (22 U.S.C. 286 and fol-
lowing) is amended by adding after the sections added by section 
1001 of this Act the following: 
"SEC. 59. FUND POLICY CHANGES. 
22 USC 286«. 
"(a) POLICY CHANGES WITHIN THE IMF.^The Secretary of the 
Treasury shall instruct the United States Executive Director of 
106 STAT. 3358 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
the Fund to promote regularly and vigorously in program discus-
sions and quota increase negotiations the following proposals: 
"(1) POVERTY ALLEVIATION, REDUCTION OF BARRIERS TO ECO-
NOMIC AND SOCIAL PROGRESS, AND PROGRESS TOWARD ENVIRON-
MENTALLY SOUND POLICIES AND PROGRAMS.—(A)(i) Consider-
ations of poverty alleviation and the reduction of barriers to 
economic and social progress should be incorporated into all 
Fund programs and all consultations luider article IV of the 
Articles of Agreement of the Fund. 
"(ii) Preparation of Policy Framework Papers should be 
extended to all nations which have Fund programs and active 
Bank or International Development Association lending pro-
grams, and existence of a Policy Framework Paper should be 
a precondition for new lending to such nations by the Fund. 
"(iii) All Policy Framework Papers should articulate the 
principal poverty, economic, and social measures that the bor-
rowing nation needs to address, and this portion of the Policy 
Framework Paper (or a summary thereof that includes specific 
measures and timing) should be made available when the Policy 
Framework Paper is submitted to the Executive Directors of 
the Bank and of the Fund for consideration. 
"(iv) In considering whether to allocate resources of the 
Fund to a borrower, the Fund should teike into consideration 
the nature of the program and commitment of the borrower 
to address the issues referred to in clause (iii). 
"(v) The Fund should establish procedures to enable the 
Fund to cooperate with the Bank in evaluating the effectiveness 
of the measures referred to in clause (iii), at the levels of 
policy, project design, monitoring, and reporting, in the inter-
national financial institutions and in the borrowing nations. 
"(B)(i) The Fund should be encouraged to make further 
progress toward environmentally sound policies and programs. 
"(ii) The Fund should incorporate environmental consider-
ations into all Fund programs, including consultations under 
article IV of the Articles of Agreement of the Fund. 
"(iii) The Fund should be encouraged to support the efforts 
of nations to implement systems of natural resource accounting 
in their national income accounts. 
"(iv) The Fimd should be encouraged to assist and cooperate 
fully with the statistical research being imdertaken by the 
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development and 
by the United Nations in order to facilitate development £uid 
adoption of a generally applicable system for taking account 
of the depletion or degradation of natural resources in national 
income accounts. 
"(v) The Fund should be encouraged to consider and imple-
ment, as appropriate, revisions in its national income reporting 
systems consistent with such new systems as are of general 
applicability. 
"(2) POLICY AUDITS.—(A) The Fund should conduct periodic 
audits to review systematically the policy prescriptions rec-
ommended and required by the Fund in the areas of poverty 
and the environment. 
"(B) The purposes of such audits would be— 
"(i) to determine whether the Fund's objectives were 
met; and 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3359 
"(ii) to evaluate the social and environmental impacts 
of the implementation of the policy prescriptions. 
"(C) Such audits would have access to all ongoing programs 
and activities of the Fund and the ability to review the effects 
of Fund-supported programs, on a country-by-country basis, 
with respect to poverty, economic development, and environ-
ment. 
"(D) Such audits should be made pubUc as appropriate 
with due respect to confidentiality. 
"(3) ENSURING POLICY OPTIONS THAT INCREASE THE PRODUC-
TIVE PARTICIPATION OF THE POOR.—The Fund should establish 
procedures that ensure the focus of future economic reform 
programs approved by the Fund on policy options that increase 
the productive participation of the poor in the economy. 
"(4) PUBLIC ACCESS TO INFORMATION.—(A) The Fund should 
establish procedures for public access to information. 
"(B) Such procedures shall seek to ensure access of the 
public to information while paying due regard to appropriate 
confidentiality. 
"(C) Policy Framework Papers and the supporting docu-
ments prepared by the Fund's mission to a country are exam-
ples of documents that should be made public at an appropriate 
time and in appropriate ways. 
"(b) PROGRESS REPORT.—Each annual report of the National 
Advisory Council on International Monetary and Financial Policies 
shall describe the following: 
"(1) The actions that the United States Executive Director 
and other officials have taken to convince the Fimd to adopt 
the proposals set forth in subsection (a) through formal ini-
tiatives before the Board and management of the Fund, through 
bilateral discussions with other member nations, and through 
any further quota increase negotiations. 
"(2) The status of the progress being made by the Fund 
in implementing the proposals set forth in subsection (a). 
"(c) STUDY.—^The Secretary of the Treasury shall instruct the 
United States Executive Director to the Fund to urge the Fund— 
"(1) to explore ways to increase the involvement and partici-
pation of important ministries, national development experts, 
environmental experts, free-market experts, and other legiti-
mate experts and representatives from the loan-recipient coun-
try in the development of Fund programs; and 
"(2) to report on the status of Fund efforts in this regard.". 
SEC. 1003. REDUCTION OF MILITARY SPENDING AND PROMOTION OF 
LONG-TERM SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH BY 
DEVELOPING NATIONS. 
The Bretton Woods Agreements Act (22 U.S.C. 286 and fol-
lowing) is amended by adding after the sections added by sections 
1001 and 1002 of this Act the following: 
"SEC. 60. MEASURES TO REDUCE MILITARY SPENDING BY DEVELOP- 22 USC 286mm. 
ING NATIONS. 
"(a) DEVELOPMENT BY THE FUND OF MEANS TO MEASURE MILI-
TARY SPENDING.— 
"(1) POSITION OF THE UNITED STATES.—The United States 
Executive Director of the Fund shall use the voice and vote 
of the United States to urge the Fund, in consultation with 
the Bank, to continue to develop an economic methodology 
106 STAT. 3360 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
to measure the level of military spending by each developing 
country. 
"(2) PROGRESS REPORT TO THE CONGRESS.—NO later than 
1 year after the date of the enactment of this section, the 
Secretary of the Treasury shall submit to the Committee on 
Banking, Finance and Urban Affairs of the House of Rep-
resentatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and 
Urban Affairs and the Committee on Foreign Relations of the 
Senate a report on the status of the development by the Fund 
of a workable economic methodology to measure military spend-
ing by developing countries. 
"(b) ANNUAL REPORTS BY FUND ON LEVELS OF MILITARY SPEND-
ING.—^The United States Executive Director of the Fund shall use 
the voice and vote of the United States to urge the Fund, beginning 
with 1994, to provide the Executive Board of the Fund with annual 
reports stating the estimate by the Fund of the level of military 
spending by each developing country in the immediately preceding 
calendar year (or, with respect to developing countries whose fiscal 
years are not calendar years, in the most recently completed fiscal 
year of the developing country), not later than the date of the 
Einnual fall Interim and Development Committee meetings. 
"(c) ANALYSIS AND ASSESSMENT OF MILITARY SPENDING To B E 
INCLUDED IN ARTICLE IV CONSULTATIONS BY THE FUND.—The 
United States Executive Director of the Fund shall use the voice 
and vote of the United States to urge the Fund, beginning no 
later than the date of the first report provided as described in 
subsection (b), to include in every article IV consultation with 
a developing coimtry an analysis of the level of military spending 
by the developing coiuitry in the immediately preceding calendar 
year (or, with respect to developing countries whose fiscal years 
are not calendar years, in the most recently completed fiscal year 
of the developing country).". 
22 use 5812 
SEC. 1004. SUPPORT FOR MACROECONOMIC STABILIZATION IN THE 
note. 
INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—In order to promote macroeconomic sta-
bilization and the integration of the independent states of the 
former Soviet Union into the international 
financial 
system, 
enhance the opportunities for trade, improve the climate for foreign 
investment, and strengthen the process of transformation of the 
former socialist economies into free enterprise systems and thereby 
progressively enhance the well-being of the citizens of these states, 
the United States should in appropriate circumstances take a lead-
ing role in organizing and supporting multilateral efforts at macro-
economic stabiUzation and debt rescheduling, conditioned on the 
appropriate development and implementation of comprehensive eco-
nomic reform programs. 
(b) CURRENCY STABILIZATION.—In furtherance of the purposes 
and consistent with the conditions described in subsection (a), the 
Congress expresses its support for United States participation, in 
sums of up to $3,000,000,000, in a currency stabilization fund 
or funds for the independent states of the former Soviet Union. 
(c) STUDY OF THE NEED FOR AND FEASIBILITY OF A CURRENCY 
STABILIZATION FUND FOR UKRAINE.—The Secretary of the Treasury 
shall instruct the United States Executive Director of the Inter-
national Monetary Fund to use the voice and vote of the United 
States to urge the Fund to conduct a study of the need for and 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
106 STAT. 3361 
feasibility of a currency stabilization fund for Ukraine, and, if 
it is found that such a fund is needed and is feasible, which 
considers and makes recommendations with respect to the economic 
and policy conditions required for the success of such a fimd. 
SEC. 1005. ROLE OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE CORPORATION IN 
SUPPORTING 
ECONOMIC 
RESTRUCTURING 
IN 
THE 
INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. 
The International Finance Corporation Act (22 U.S.C. 282-
282k) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"SEC. 15. AUTHORITY TO VOTE FOR CAPITAL INCREASES NECESSARY 
22 USC 282m. 
TO 
SUPPORT 
ECONOMIC 
RESTRUCTURING 
IN 
THE 
INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. 
'The United States (jovemor of the Corporation may vote in 
favor of any increase in the capital stock of the Corporation that 
may be needed to accommodate the requirements of the independent 
states of the former Soviet Union (as defined in section 3 of the 
Freedom for Russia and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open 
Markets Support Act of 1992).". 
SEC. 1006. AUTHORITY TO AGREE TO AMENDMENTS TO THE ARTICLES 
22 USC 282n. 
OF AGREEMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL FINANCE COR-
PORATION. 
The International Finance Corporation Act (22 U.S.C. 282-
282k) is amended by adding after the section added by section 
1005 of this Act the following: 
"SEC. 16. AUTHORITY TO AGREE TO AMENDMENTS TO THE ARTICLES 
OF AGREEMENT. 
"The United States (jovemor of the Corporation is authorized 
to agree to amendments to the Articles of Agreement of the Cor-
poration that would— 
"(1) amend Article II, Section 2(c)(ii), to increase the vote 
by which the Board of Governors of the Corporation may 
increase the capital stock of the Corporation from a three-
fourths majority to a four-fifths majority; and 
"(2) amend Article Vll(a) to increase the vote by which 
the Board of Grovemors of the Corporation may amend the 
Articles of Agreement of the Corporation from a four-fifths 
majority to an eighty-five percent majority.". 
SEC. 1007. REPORT ON DEBT OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION HELD 22 USC 5812 
BY COMMERCIAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS. 
note. 
The Secretary of the Treasury, using information available 
from the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank 
for Reconstruction and Development, and other appropriate inter-
national financial institutions, shall report to the Congress, not 
later than one year after the date of enactment of this Act, on 
the debt incurred by the former Soviet Union that is held by 
commercial financial institutions outside the independent states 
of the former Soviet Union that are obUgated on such debt. 
SEC. 1008. HUMAN RIGHTS. 
(a) ADVANCEMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS THROUGH THE IMF 
AND 
EBRD.—Section 701(a) of the International Financial Institutions 
Act (22 U.S.C. 262d(a)) is amended by striking "and the African 
Development Bank," and inserting "the African Development Bank, 
106 STAT. 3362 
PUBLIC LAW 102-511—OCT. 24, 1992 
the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, and the 
International Monetary Fund,". 
(b) ACCOUNTING FOR AMERICANS MISSING IN ACTION CONSID-
ERED IN ASSESSING HUMAN RIGHTS IN THE INDEPENDENT STATES.— 
Section 701(b)(4) of such Act (22 U.S.C. 262d(b)(4)) is amended 
by inserting "Russia and the other independent states of the former 
Soviet Union (as defined in section 3 of the Freedom for Russia 
and Emerging Eurasian Democracies and Open Markets Support 
Act of 1992)," after "Laos,". 
Reports. 
SEC. 1009. MULTILATERAL 
INVESTMENT 
GUARANTEES 
FOR 
THE 
INDEPENDENT STATES OF THE FORMER SOVIET UNION. 
Not later than 60 days after the date of enactment of this 
Act, the United States Director of the Multilateral Investment 
Guarantee Agency shall transmit to the Congress a report 
analyzing— 
(1) the investments in the independent states of the former 
Soviet Union which have been guaranteed by the Agency; and 
(2) the demand for investment guarantees of the type pro-
vided by the Agency for investments in the independent states. 
Approved October 24, 1992. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—S. 2532 (H.R. 4547): 
HOUSE REPORTS: Nos. 102-569, Pt. 1 and Pt. 2 (both from Comm. on Foreign 
Affairs), Pt. 3 (Comm. on Armed Services), and Pt. 4 (Comm. on 
Agriculture) all accompanying H.R. 4547, and 102-964 (Comm. of 
Conference). 
S E N A T E REPORTS: No. 102-292 (Comm. on Foreign Relations). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 138 (1992): 
June 29, July 1, 2, considered and passed Senate. 
Aug. 6, H.R. 4547 considered and passed House; S. 2532, amended, passed in 
lieu. 
Oct. 1, Senate agreed to conference report. 
Oct. 3, House agreed to conference report. 
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 28 (1992): 
Oct. 24, Presidenti£d statement.