Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002
PL 107-155 (H.R.2356), enacted 03/27/2002

PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 81 
Public Law 107-155 
107th Congress 
An Act 
To amend the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 to provide bipartisan campaign 
Mar. 27, 2002 
J^eform. 
[H.R. 2356] 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
Bipartisan 
SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
Rdbm A^ of 
(a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the "Bipartisan l^fi^r AQI r,^+^ 
Campaign Reform Act of 2002". 
^ ^^^ ^^^ ''°^-
(b) TABLE OF CONTENTS.—The table of contents of this Act 
is as follows: 
Sec. 1. Short title; table of contents. 
TITLE I—REDUCTION OF SPECIAL INTEREST INFLUENCE 
Sec. 101. Soft money of political parties. 
Sec. 102. Increased contribution limit for State committees of political parties. 
Sec. 103. Reporting requirements. 
TITLE II—NONCANDIDATE CAMPAIGN EXPENDITURES 
Subtitle A—Electioneering Communications 
Sec. 201. Disclosiu-e of electioneering communications. 
Sec. 202. Coordinated communications as contributions. 
Sec. 203. Prohibition of corporate and labor disbursements for electioneering 
communications. 
Sec. 204. Rules relating to certain targeted electioneering communications. 
Subtitle B—Independent and Coordinated Expenditures 
Sec. 211. Definition of independent expenditvire. 
Sec. 212. Reporting requirements for certain independent expenditures. 
Sec. 213. Independent versus coordinated expendit\u"es by party. 
Sec. 214. Coordination with candidates or political parties. 
TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS 
Sec. 301. Use of contributed amoimts for certain purposes. 
Sec. 302. Prohibition of fundraising on Federal property. 
Sec. 303. Strengthening foreign money ban. 
Sec. 304. Modification of individual contribution limits in response to expenditures 
from personal fiinds. 
Sec. 305. Limitation on availability of lowest unit charge for Federal candidates 
attacking opposition. 
Sec. 306. Software for filing reports and prompt disclosure of contributions. 
Sec. 307. Modification of contribution limits. 
Sec. 308. Donations to Presidential inaugural committee. 
Sec. 309. Prohibition on firaudulent solicitation of funds. 
Sec. 310. Study and report on clean money clean elections laws. 
Sec. 311. Clarity standards for identification of sponsors of election-related adver-
tising. 
Sec. 312. Increase in penalties. 
Sec. 313. Statute of limitations. 
Sec. 314. Sentencing guideUnes. 
Sec. 315. Increase in penalties imposed for violations of conduit contribution ban. 
116 STAT. 82 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
Sec. 316. Restriction on increased contribution limits by taking into account 
candidate's available funds. 
Sec. 317. Clarification of right of nationals of the United States to make political 
contributions. 
Sec. 318. Prohibition of contributions by minors. 
Sec. 319. Modification of individual contribution limits for House candidates in 
response to expenditures from personal funds. 
TITLE IV—SEVERABILITY; EFFECTIVE DATE 
Sec. 401. SeverabiUty. 
Sec. 402. Effective dates and regulations. 
" 
Sec. 403. Judicial review. 
TITLE V—ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE PROVISIONS 
Sec. 501. Internet access to records. 
Sec. 502. Maintenance of website of election reports. 
Sec. 503. Additional disclosure reports. 
.' • ' 
Sec. 504. Public access to broadcasting records. 
TITLE I—REDUCTION OF SPECIAL 
INTEREST INFLUENCE 
SEC. 101. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title III of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by adding at the 
end the following: 
2USC441i. 
"SEC. 323. SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES. 
"(a) NATIONAL COMMITTEES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—^A national committee of a political party 
(including a national congressional campaign committee of a 
political party) may not solicit, receive, or direct to another 
person a contribution, donation, or transfer of funds or any 
other thing of value, or spend any funds, that are not subject 
to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements 
of this Act. 
"(2) APPLICABILITY.—The prohibition established by para-
graph (1) applies to any such national committee, any officer 
or agent acting on behalf of such a national committee, and 
any entity that is directly or indirectly established, financed, 
maintained, or controlled by such a national committee. 
"(b) STATE, DISTRICT, AND LOCAL COMMITTEES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), 
an amount that is expended or disbursed for Federal election 
activity by a State, district, or local committee of a political 
party (including an entity that is directly or indirectly estab-
lished, financed, maintained, or controlled by a State, district, 
or local committee of a political party and an officer or agent 
acting on behalf of such committee or entity), or by an associa-
tion or similar group of candidates for State or local office 
or of individuals holding State or local office, shall be made 
from funds 
subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and 
reporting requirements of this Act. 
"(2) APPLICABILITY.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding clause (i) or (ii) 
of section 301(20)(A), and subject to subparagraph (B), 
paragraph (1) shall not apply to any amount expended 
or disbursed by a State, district, or local committee of 
a political party for an activity described in either such 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 83 
clause to the extent the amounts expended or disbursed 
for such activity are allocated (under regulations prescribed 
by the Commission) among amounts— 
"(i) which consist solely of contributions subject 
to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting require-
ments of this Act (other than amounts described in 
subparagraph (B)(iii)); and 
"(ii) other amounts which are not subject to the 
limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements 
of this Act (other than any requirements of this sub-
section). 
"(B) CONDITIONS.—Subparagraph (A) shall only apply 
if— 
"(i) the activity does not refer to a clearly identified 
candidate for Federal office; 
"(ii) the amounts expended or disbursed are not 
for the costs of any broadcasting, cable, or satellite 
communication, other than a communication which 
refers solely to a clearly identified candidate for State 
or local office; 
"(iii) the amounts expended or disbursed which 
are described in subparagraph (A)(ii) are paid from 
amounts which are donated in accordance with State 
law and which meet the requirements of subparagraph 
(C), except that no person (including any person estab-
lished, financed, maintained, or controlled by such per-
son) may donate more than $10,000 to a State, district, 
or local committee of a political party in a calendar 
year for such expenditures or disbursements; and 
"(iv) the amounts expended or disbursed are made 
solely from funds raised by the State, local, or district 
committee which makes such expenditure or disburse-
ment, and do not include any funds provided to such 
committee from— 
"(I) any other State, local, or district committee 
of any State party, 
"(II) the national committee of a political party 
(including a national congressional campaign com-
mittee of a political party), 
"(III) any officer or agent acting on behalf 
of any committee described in subclause (I) or 
(II), or 
"(IV) any entity directly or indirectly estab-
lished, financed, maintained, or controlled by any 
committee described in subclause (I) or (II). 
"(C) PROHIBITING INVOLVEMENT OF NATIONAL PARTIES, 
FEDERAL CANDIDATES AND OFFICEHOLDERS, AND STATE PAR-
TIES ACTING JOINTLY.—Notwithstanding subsection (e) 
(other than subsection (e)(3)), amounts specifically author-
ized to be spent under subparagraph (B)(iii) meet the 
requirements of this subparagraph only if the amounts— 
"(i) are not solicited, received, directed, transferred, 
or spent by or in the name of any person described 
in subsection (a) or (e); and 
"(ii) are not solicited, received, or directed through 
fundraising activities conducted jointly by 2 or more 
State, local, or district committees of any political party 
116 STAT. 84 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
or their agents, or by a State, local, or district com-
mittee of a political party on behalf of the State, local, 
or district committee of a political party or its agent 
in one or more other States. 
"(c) FuNDRAisiNG CoSTS.—^An amount spent by a person 
described in subsection (a) or (b) to raise funds that are used, 
in whole or in part, for expenditures and disbursements for a 
Federal election activity shall be made from funds subject to the 
limitations, prohibitions, and reporting requirements of this Act, 
"(d) TAX-EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS.—A national. State, district, 
or local committee of a political party (including a national congres-
sional campaign committee of a political party), an entity that 
is directly or indirectly established, financed, maintained, or con-
trolled by any such national. State, district, or local committee 
or its agent, and an officer or agent acting on behalf of any such 
party committee or entity, shall not solicit any funds for, or make 
or direct any donations to— 
"(1) an organization that is described in section 501(c) 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt from taxation 
under section 501(a) of such Code (or has submitted an applica-
tion for determination of tax exempt status under such section) 
and that makes expenditures or disbursements in connection 
with an election for Federal office (including expenditures or 
disbursements for Federal election activity); or 
"(2) an organization described in section 527 of such Code 
(other than a political committee, a State, district, or local 
committee of a political party, or the authorized campaign 
committee of a candidate for State or local office). 
"(e) FEDERAL CANDIDATES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—^A candidate, individual holding Federal 
office, agent of a candidate or an individual holding Federal 
office, or an entity directly or indirectly established, financed, 
maintained or controlled by or acting on behalf of 1 or more 
candidates or individuals holding Federal office, shall not— 
"(A) solicit, receive, direct, transfer, or spend funds 
in connection with an election for Federal office, including 
funds for any Federal election activity, unless the funds 
are subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting 
requirements of this Act; or 
"(B) solicit, receive, direct, transfer, or spend funds 
in connection with any election other than an election 
for Federal office or disburse funds in connection with 
such an election unless the funds— 
"(i) are not in excess of the amounts permitted 
with respect to contributions to candidates and political 
committees under paragraphs (1), (2), and (3) of section 
315(a); and 
"(ii) are not from sources prohibited by this Act 
from making contributions in connection with an elec-
tion for Federal office. 
"(2) STATE LAW.—^Paragraph (1) does not apply to the solici-
tation, receipt, or spending of funds by an individual described 
in such paragraph who is or was also a candidate for a State 
or local office solely in connection with such election for State 
or local office if the solicitation, receipt, or spending of funds 
is permitted under State law and refers only to such State 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 85 
or local candidate, or to any other candidate for the State 
or local office sought by such candidate, or both. 
"(3) FUNDRAISING EVENTS.—Notwithstanding paragraph (1) 
or subsection (b)(2)(C), a candidate or an individual holding 
Federal office may attend, speak, or be a featured guest at 
a fundraising event for a State, district, or local committee 
of a political party. 
"(4) PERMITTING CERTAIN SOLICITATIONS.— 
"(A) 
GENERAL SOLICITATIONS.—^Notwithstanding 
any 
other provision of this subsection, an individual described 
in paragraph (1) may make a general solicitation of funds 
on behalf of any organization that is described in section 
501(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt 
from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code (or has 
submitted an application for determination of tax exempt 
status under such section) (other than an entity whose 
principal purpose is to conduct activities described in 
clauses (i) and (ii) of section 301(20)(A)) where such solicita-
tion does not specify how the funds will or should be 
spent. 
"(B) CERTAIN SPECIFIC SOLICITATIONS.—In addition to 
the general solicitations permitted under subparagraph (A), 
an individual described in paragraph (1) may make a solici-
tation explicitly to obtain funds for carrying out the activi-
ties described in clauses (i) and (ii) of section 301(20)(A), 
or for an entity whose principal purpose is to conduct 
such activities, if— 
"(i) the solicitation is made only to individuals; 
and 
"(ii) the amount solicited from any individual 
during any calendar year does not exceed $20,000. 
"(f) STATE CANDIDATES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—^A candidate for State or local office, 
individual holding State or local office, or an agent of such 
a candidate or individual may not spend any funds for a commu-
nication described in section 301(20)(A)(iii) unless the funds 
are subject to the limitations, prohibitions, and reporting 
requirements of this Act. 
"(2) EXCEPTION FOR CERTAIN COMMUNICATIONS.—Paragraph 
(1) shall not apply to an individual described in such paragraph 
if the communication involved is in connection with an election 
for such State or local office and refers only to such individual 
or to any other candidate for the State or local office held 
or sought by such individual, or both.". 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431) is amended by adding at the end thereof 
the following: 
"(20) FEDERAL ELECTION ACTIVITY.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The term 'Federal election activity' 
means— 
"(i) voter registration activity during the period 
that begins on the date that is 120 days before the 
date a regularly scheduled Federal election is held 
and ends on the date of the election; 
"(ii) voter identification, get-out-the-vote activity, 
or generic campaign activity conducted in connection 
with an election in which a candidate for Federal office 
116 STAT. 86 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
appears on the ballot (regardless of whether a can-
didate for State or local office also appears on the 
ballot); 
"(iii) a public communication that refers to a 
clearly identified candidate for Federal office (regard-
less of whether a candidate for State or local office 
is also mentioned or identified) and that promotes or 
supports a candidate for that office, or attacks or 
opposes a candidate for that office (regardless of 
whether the communication expressly advocates a vote 
for or against a candidate); or 
"(iv) services provided during any month by an 
employee of a State, district, or local committee of 
a political party who spends more than 25 percent 
of that individual's compensated time during that 
month on activities in connection with a Federal elec-
tion. 
"(B) EXCLUDED ACTIVITY.—The term 'Federal election 
activity* does not include an amount expended or disbursed 
by a State, district, or local committee of a political party 
for— 
"(i) a public communication that refers solely to 
a clearly identified candidate for State or local office, 
if the communication is not a Federal election activity 
described in subparagraph (A)(i) or (ii); 
"(ii) a contribution to a candidate for State or 
local office, provided the contribution is not designated 
to pay for a Federal election activity described in 
subparagraph (A); 
"(iii) the costs of a State, district, or local political 
convention; and 
"(iv) the costs of grassroots campaign materials, 
including buttons, bumper stickers, and yard signs, 
that name or depict only a candidate for State or 
local office. 
"(21) GENERIC CAMPAIGN ACTIVITY.—^The term 'generic cam-
paign activity' means a campaign activity that promotes a 
political party and does not promote a candidate or non-Federal 
candidate. 
"(22) PUBLIC COMMUNICATION.—The term 'public commu-
nication' means a communication by means of any broadcast, 
cable, or satellite communication, newspaper, magazine, out-
door advertising facility, mass mailing, or telephone bank to 
the general public, or any other form of general public political 
advertising. 
"(23) MASS MAILING.—The term 'mass mailing' means a 
mailing by United States mail or facsimile of more than 500 
pieces of mail matter of an identical or substantially similar 
nature within any 30-day period. 
"(24) TELEPHONE BANK.—The term 'telephone bank' means 
more than 500 telephone calls of an identical or substantially 
similar nature within any 30-day period.". 
SEC. 102. INCREASED CONTRIBUTION LIMIT FOR STATE COMMITTEES 
OF POLITICAL PARTIES. 
Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(l)) is amended— 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 87 
(1) in subparagraph (B), by striking "or" at the end; 
(2) in subparagraph (C)— 
(A) by inserting "(other than a committee described 
in subparagraph (D))" after "committee"; and 
(B) by striking the period at the end and inserting 
"; or"; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
"(D) to a political committee established and maintained 
by a State committee of a political party in any calendar year 
which, in the aggregate, exceed $10,000.". 
SEC. 103. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS. 
(a) REPORTING REQUIREMENTS.—Section 304 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
"(e) POLITICAL COMMITTEES.— 
"(1) 
NATIONAL AND CONGRESSIONAL POLITICAL COMMIT-
TEES.—The national committee of a political party, any national 
congressional campaign committee of a political party, and 
any subordinate committee of either, shall report all receipts 
and disbursements during the reporting period. 
"(2) OTHER POLITICAL COMMITTEES TO WHICH SECTION 323 
APPLIES.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—In addition to any other reporting 
requirements applicable under this Act, a political com-
mittee (not described in paragraph (1)) to which section 
323(b)(1) applies shall report all receipts and disbursements 
made for activities described in section 301(20)(A), unless 
the aggregate amount of such receipts and disbursements 
during the calendar year is less than $5,000. 
"(B) SPECIFIC DISCLOSURE BY STATE AND LOCAL PARTIES 
OF CERTAIN NON-FEDERAL AMOUNTS PERMITTED TO BE SPENT 
ON FEDERAL ELECTION ACTIVITY.—Each report by a political 
committee under subparagraph (A) of receipts and disburse-
ments made for activities described in section 301(20)(A) 
shall include a disclosure of all receipts and disbursements 
described in section 323(b)(2)(A) and (B). 
"(3) ITEMIZATION.—If a political committee has receipts or 
disbursements to which this subsection applies from or to any 
person aggregating in excess of $200 for any calendar year, 
the political committee shall separately itemize its reporting 
for such person in the same manner as required in paragraphs 
(3)(A), (5), and (6) of subsection (b). 
"(4) REPORTING PERIODS.—Reports required to be filed 
under this subsection shall be filed for the same time periods 
required for political committees under subsection (a)(4)(B).". 
(b) BUILDING FUND EXCEPTION TO THE DEFINITION OF CON-
TRIBUTION.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 301(8)(B) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(8)(B)) is amended— 
(A) by striking clause (viii); and 
(B) by redesignating clauses (ix) through (xv) as clauses 
(viii) through (xiv), respectively. 
(2) NONPREEMPTION OF STATE LAW.—Section 403 of such 
Act (2 U.S.C. 453) is amended— 
116 STAT. 88 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
(A) by striking "The provisions of this Act" and 
inserting "(a) IN GENERAL.—-Subject to subsection (b), the 
provisions of this Act"; and 
(B) by adding at the end the following: 
"(b) STATE AND LOCAL COMMITTEES OF POLITICAL PARTIES.— 
Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, a State or local 
committee of a political party may, subject to State law, use exclu-
sively funds that are not subject to the prohibitions, limitations, 
and reporting requirements of the Act for the purchase or construc-
tion of an ofRce building for such State or local committee.". 
TITLE II—NONCANDIDATE CAMPAIGN 
EXPENDITURES 
Subtitle A—Electioneering 
Communications 
SEC. 201. DISCLOSURE OF ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434), as amended by section 103, is amended 
by adding at the end the following new subsection: 
"(f) DISCLOSURE OF ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS.— 
"(1) STATEMENT REQUIRED.—^Every person who makes a 
disbursement for the direct costs of producing and airing 
electioneering communications in an aggregate amount in 
excess of $10,000 during any calendar year shall, within 24 
hours of each disclosure date, file with the Commission a state-
ment containing the information described in paragraph (2). 
"(2) CONTENTS OF STATEMENT.—^Each statement required 
to be filed under this subsection shall be made under penalty 
of perjury and shall contain the following information: 
"(A) The identification of the person making the 
disbursement, of any person sharing or exercising direction 
or control over the activities of such person, and of the 
custodian of the books and accounts of the person making 
the disbursement. 
"(B) The principal place of business of the person 
making the disbursement, if not an individual. 
"(C) The amount of each disbursement of more than 
$200 during the period covered by the statement and the 
identification of the person to whom the disbursement was 
made. 
"(D) The elections to which the electioneering commu-
nications pertain and the names (if known) of the can-
didates identified or to be identified. 
"(E) If the disbursements were paid out of a segregated 
bank account which consists of funds contributed solely 
by individuals who are United States citizens or nationals 
or lawfully admitted for permanent residence (as defined 
in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(20))) directly to this account for 
electioneering communications, the names and addresses 
of all contributors who contributed an aggregate amount 
of $1,000 or more to that account during the period begin-
ning on the first day of the preceding calendar year and 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 89 
ending on the disclosure date. Nothing in this subpara-
graph is to be construed as a prohibition on the use of 
funds in such a segregated account for a purpose other 
than electioneering communications. 
"(F) If the disbursements were paid out of funds not 
described in subparagraph (E), the names £Uid addresses 
of all contributors who contrilDuted an aggregate amount 
of $1,000 or more to the person making the disbursement 
during the period beginning on the first day of the pre-
ceding calendar year and ending on the disclosure date. 
"(3) 
ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATION.—For purposes of 
this subsection— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—(i) The term 'electioneering commu-
nication' means any broadcast, cable, or satellite commu-
nication which— 
"(I) refers to a clearly identified candidate for Fed-
eral office; 
"(II) is made within— 
"(aa) 60 days before a general, special, or run-
off election for the office sought by the candidate; 
or 
"(bb) 30 days before a primary or preference 
election, or a convention or caucus of a political 
party that has authority to nominate a candidate, 
for the office sought by the candidate; and 
"(III) in the case of a communication which refers 
to a candidate for an office other than President or 
Vice President, is targeted to the relevant electorate. 
"(ii) If clause (i) is held to be constitutionally insuffi-
cient by final judicial decision to support the regulation 
provided herein, then the term 'electioneering communica-
tion' means any broadcast, cable, or satellite communica-
tion which promotes or supports a candidate for that office, 
or attacks or opposes a candidate for that office (regardless 
of whether the communication expressly advocates a vote 
for or against a candidate) and which also is suggestive 
of no plausible meaning other than an exhortation to vote 
for or against a specific candidate. Nothing in this subpara-
graph shall be construed to affect the interpretation or 
application of section 100.22(b) of title 11, Code of Federal 
Regulations. 
"(B) EXCEPTIONS.—^The term 'electioneering commu-
nication' does not include— 
"(i) a communication appearing in a news story, 
commentary, or editorial distributed through the facili-
ties of any broadcasting station, unless such facilities 
are owned or controlled by any political party, political 
committee, or candidate; 
"(ii) 
a 
communication 
which 
constitutes 
an 
expenditure or an independent expenditure under this 
Act; 
"(iii) a communication which constitutes a can-
didate debate or forum conducted pursuant to regula-
tions adopted by the Commission, or which solely pro-
motes such a debate or forum and is made by or 
on behalf of the person sponsoring the debate or forum; 
or 
116 STAT. 90 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
"(iv) any other communication exempted under 
such regulations as the Commission may promulgate 
(consistent with the requirements of this paragraph) 
to ensure the appropriate implementation of this para-
graph, except that under any such regulation a commu-
nication may not be exempted if it meets the require-
ments of this paragraph and is described in section 
301(20)(A)(iii). 
"(C) TARGETING TO RELEVANT ELECTORATE.—^For pur-
poses of this paragraph, a communication which refers 
to a clearly identified candidate for Federal office is 'tar-
geted to the relevant electorate' if the communication can 
be received by 50,000 or more persons— 
"(i) in the district the candidate seeks to represent, 
in the case of a candidate for Representative in, or 
Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress; 
or 
"(ii) in the State the candidate seeks to represent, 
in the case of a candidate for Senator. 
"(4) DISCLOSURE DATE.—^For purposes of this subsection, 
the term 'disclosure date' means— 
"(A) the first date during any calendar year by which 
a person has made disbursements for the direct costs of 
producing or airing electioneering communications aggre-
gating in excess of $10,000; and 
"(B) any other date during such calendar year by which 
a person has made disbursements for the direct costs of 
producing or airing electioneering communications aggre-
gating in excess of $10,000 since the most recent disclosure 
date for such calendar year. 
"(5) CONTRACTS TO DISBURSE.—^For purposes of this sub-
section, a person shall be treated as having made a disburse-
ment if the person has executed a contract to make the 
disbursement. 
"(6) 
COORDINATION WITH 
OTHER 
REQUIREMENTS.—^Any 
requirement to report under this subsection shall be in addition 
to any other reporting requirement under this Act. 
"(7) 
COORDINATION WITH 
INTERNAL 
REVENUE 
CODE.— 
Nothing in this subsection may be construed to establish, 
modify, or otherwise affect the definition of political activities 
or electioneering activities (including the definition of partici-
pating in, intervening in, or influencing or attempting to influ-
ence a political campaign on behalf of or in opposition to any 
candidate for public office) for purposes of the Internal Revenue 
Code of 1986.". 
2 use 434 note. 
(b) RESPONSIBILITIES OF FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMIS-
SION.—The Federal Communications Commission shall compile and 
maintain any information the Federal Election Commission may 
require to carry out section 304(f) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (as added by subsection (a)), and shall make such 
information available to the public on the Federal Communication 
Commission's website. 
SEC. 202. COORDINATED COMMUNICATIONS AS CONTRIBUTIONS. 
Section 315(a)(7) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(7)) is amended— 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 91 
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (C) as subparagraph 
(D); and 
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (B) the following: 
"(C) if— 
"(i) any person makes, or contracts to make, any 
disbursement for any electioneering communication (within 
the meaning of section 304(f)(3)); and 
"(ii) such disbursement is coordinated with a candidate 
or an authorized committee of such candidate, a Federal, 
State, or local political party or committee thereof, or an 
agent or official of any such candidate, party, or committee; 
such disbursement or contracting shall be treated as a contribu-
tion to the candidate supported by the electioneering commu-
nication or that candidate's party and as an expenditure by 
that candidate or that candidate's party; and". 
SEC. 203. PROHIBITION OF CORPORATE AND LABOR DISBURSEMENTS 
FOR ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 316(b)(2) of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441b(b)(2)) is amended by inserting 
"or for any applicable electioneering communication" before ", but 
shall not include". 
(b) 
APPLICABLE 
ELECTIONEERING 
COMMUNICATION.—Section 
316 of such Act is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(c) RULES RELATING TO ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATIONS.— 
"(1) 
APPLICABLE 
ELECTIONEERING COMMUNICATION.—^For 
purposes of this section, the term 'applicable electioneering 
communication' means an electioneering communication (within 
the meaning of section 304(f)(3)) which is made by any entity 
described in subsection (a) of this section or by any other 
person using funds donated by an entity described in subsection 
(a) of this section. 
"(2) EXCEPTION.—^Notwithstanding paragraph (1), the term 
'applicable electioneering communication' does not include a 
communication by a section 501(c)(4) organization or a political 
organization (as defined in section 527(e)(1) of the Internal 
Revenue Code of 1986) made under section 304(f)(2)(E) or (F) 
of this Act if the communication is paid for exclusively by 
funds provided directly by individuals who are United States 
citizens or nationals or lawfully admitted for permanent resi-
dence (as defined in section 101(a)(20) of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1101(a)(20))). For purposes of the 
preceding sentence, the term 'provided directly by individuals' 
does not include funds the source of which is an entity described 
in subsection (a) of this section. 
"(3) SPECIAL OPERATING RULES.— 
"(A) DEFINITION UNDER PARAGRAPH (D.—An election-
eering communication shall be treated as made by an entity 
described in subsection (a) if an entity described in sub-
section (a) directly or indirectly disburses any amount for 
any of the costs of the communication. 
"(B) EXCEPTION 
UNDER 
PARAGRAPH (2).—^A section 
501(c)(4) organization that derives amounts from business 
activities or receives funds from any entity described in 
subsection (a) shall be considered to have paid for any 
communication out of such amounts unless such organiza-
tion paid for the communication out of a segregated account 
116 STAT. 92 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
to which only individuals can contribute, as described in 
section 304(f)(2)(E). 
"(4) 
DEFINITIONS 
AND RULES.—^For purposes of this 
subsection— 
"(A) the term 'section 501(c)(4) organization' means— 
"(i) an organization described in section 501(c)(4) 
of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and exempt 
from taxation under section 501(a) of such Code; or 
"(ii) an organization which has submitted an 
application to the Internal Revenue Service for deter-
mination of its status as an organization described 
in clause (i); and 
"(B) a person shall be treated as having made a 
disbursement if the person has executed a contract to make 
the disbursement. 
"(5) 
COORDINATION 
WITH 
INTERNAL 
REVENUE 
CODE.— 
Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to authorize an 
organization exempt from taxation under section 501(a) of the 
Internal Revenue Code of 1986 to carry out any activity which 
is prohibited under such Code.". 
SEC. 204. RULES RELATING TO CERTAIN TARGETED ELECTIONEERING 
COMMUNICATIONS. 
Section 316(c) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441b), as added by section 203, is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
"(6) SPECIAL RULES FOR TARGETED COMMUNICATIONS.— 
"(A) EXCEPTION DOES NOT APPLY.—^Paragraph (2) shall 
not apply in the case of a targeted communication that 
is made by an organization described in such paragraph. 
"(B) 
TARGETED 
COMMUNICATION.—^For purposes 
of 
subparagraph (A), the term 'targeted 
communication' 
means an electioneering communication (as defined in sec-
tion 304(f)(3)) that is distributed from a television or radio 
broadcast station or provider of cable or satellite television 
service and, in the case of a communication which refers 
to a candidate for an office other than President or Vice 
President, is targeted to the relevaiit electorate. 
"(C) DEFINITION.—For purposes of this paragraph, a 
communication is 'targeted to the relevant electorate' if 
it 
meets 
the 
requirements 
described 
in 
section 
304(fX3)(C).". 
Subtitle B—^Independent and Coordinated 
Expenditures 
SEC. 211. DEFINITION OF INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE. 
Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign Act (2 U.S.C. 
431) is amended by striking paragraph (17) and inserting the fol-
lowing: 
"(17) INDEPENDENT EXPENDITURE.—The term 'independent 
expenditure' means an expenditure by a person— 
"(A) expressly advocating the election or defeat of a 
clearly identified candidate; and 
"(B) that is not made in concert or cooperation with 
or at the request or suggestion of such candidate, the 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 93 
candidate's authorized political committee, or their agents, 
or a political party committee or its agents.". 
SEC. 212. REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CERTAIN INDEPENDENT 
EXPENDITURES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 304 of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434) (as amended by section 201) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (c)(2), by striking the undesignated matter 
after subparagraph (C); and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(g) TIME FOR REPORTING CERTAIN EXPENDITURES.— 
"(1) EXPENDITURES AGGREGATING $I,OOO.— 
"(A) INITIAL REPORT.—^A person (including a political 
committee) that makes or contracts to make independent 
expenditures aggregating $1,000 or more after the 20th 
day, but more than 24 hours, before the date of an election 
shall file a report describing the expenditures within 24 
hours. 
"(B) ADDITIONAL REPORTS.—After a person files a 
report under subparagraph (A), the person shall file £in 
additional report within 24 hours after each time the person 
makes or contracts to make independent expenditures 
aggregating an additional $1,000 with respect to the same 
election as that to which the initial report relates. 
"(2) EXPENDITURES AGGREGATING $IO,OOO.— 
"(A) INITIAL REPORT.—A person (including a political 
committee) that makes or contracts to make independent 
expenditures aggregating $10,000 or more at any time up 
to and including the 20th day before the date of an election 
shall file a report describing the expenditures within 48 
hours. 
"(B) ADDITIONAL REPORTS.—^After a person files a 
report under subparagraph (A), the person shall file an 
additional report within 48 hours after each time the person 
makes or contracts to make independent expenditures 
aggregating an additional $10,000 with respect to the same 
election as that to which the initial report relates. 
"(3) PLACE OF FILING; CONTENTS.—A report under this 
subsection— 
"(A) shall be filed with the Commission; and 
"(B) shall contain the information required by sub-
section (b)(6)(B)(iii), including the name of each candidate 
whom an expenditure is intended to support or oppose.". 
(b) TIME OF FILING OF CERTAIN STATEMENTS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Section 304(g) of such Act, as added 
by subsection (a), is amended by adding at the end the fol-
lowing: 
"(4) 
TIME OF FILING FOR EXPENDITURES AGGREGATING 
$1,000.—Notwithstanding subsection (a)(5), the time at which 
the statement under paragraph (1) is received by the Commis-
sion or any other recipient to whom the notification is required 
to be sent shall be considered the time of filing of the statement 
with the recipient.". 
(2) CONFORMING AMENDMENTS.—(A) 
Section 304(a)(5) of 
such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(aX5)) is amended by striking "the second 
sentence of subsection (c)(2)" and inserting "subsection (g)(1)". 
116 STAT. 94 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
(B) Section 304(d)(1) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(d)(1)) is 
amended by inserting "or (g)" after "subsection (c)". 
SEC. 
213. 
INDEPENDENT 
VERSUS 
COORDINATED EXPENDITURES 
BY 
PARTY. 
Section 315(d) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441a(d)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking "and (3)" and inserting 
", (3), and (4)"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(4) INDEPENDENT VERSUS COORDINATED EXPENDITURES BY 
PARTY.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—On or after the date on which a 
political party nominates a candidate, no committee of the 
political party may make— 
"(i) any coordinated expenditure under this sub-
section with respect to the candidate during the elec-
tion cycle at any time after it makes any independent 
expenditure (as defined in section 301(17)) with respect 
to the candidate during the election cycle; or 
"(ii) any independent expenditure (as defined in 
section 301(17)) with respect to the candidate during 
the election cycle at any time after it makes any coordi-
nated expenditure under this subsection with respect 
to the candidate during the election cycle. 
"(B) APPLICATION.—^For purposes of this paragraph, all 
political committees established and maintained by a 
national political party (including all congressional cam-
paign committees) and all political committees established 
and maintained by a State political party (including any 
subordinate committee of a State committee) shall be 
considered to be a single political committee. 
"(C) TRANSFERS.—^A committee of a political party that 
makes coordinated expenditures under this subsection with 
respect to a candidate shall not, during an election cycle, 
transfer any funds to, assign authority to make coordinated 
expenditures under this subsection to, or receive a transfer 
of funds from, a committee of the political party that has 
made or intends to make an independent expenditure with 
respect to the candidate.". 
SEC. 214. COORDINATION WITH CANDIDATES OR POLITICAL PARTIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 315(a)(7)(B) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(7)(B)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating clause (ii) as clause (iii); and 
(2) by inserting after clause (i) the following new clause: 
"(ii) expenditures made by any person (other than a can-
didate or candidate's authorized committee) in cooperation, con-
sultation, or concert with, or at the request or suggestion of, 
a national, State, or local committee of a political party, shall 
be considered to be contributions made to such party committee; 
and". 
(b) REPEAL OF CURRENT REGULATIONS.—^The regulations on 
coordinated communications paid for by persons other than can-
didates, authorized committees of candidates, and party committees 
adopted by the Federal Election Commission and published in the 
Federal Register at page 76138 of volume 65, Federal Register, 
on December 6, 2000, are repealed as of the date by which the 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 95 
Commission is required to promulgate new regulations under sub-
section (c) (as described in section 402(c)(1)). 
(c) REGULATIONS BY THE FEDERAL ELECTION COMMISSION.— 
2 use 44ia note. 
The Federal Election Commission shall promulgate new regulations 
on coordinated communications paid for by persons other than 
candidates, authorized committees of candidates, and party commit-
tees. The regulations shall not require agreement or formal 
collaboration to establish coordination. In addition to any subject 
determined by the Commission, the regulations shall address— 
(1) payments for the republication of campaign materials; 
(2) payments for the use of a common vendor; 
(3) payments for communications directed or made by per-
sons who previously served as an employee of a candidate 
or a political party; and 
(4) payments for communications made by a person after 
substantial discussion about the communication with a can-
didate or a political party. 
(d) MEANING OF CONTRIBUTION OR EXPENDITURE FOR THE PUR-
POSES OF SECTION 316.—Section 316(b)(2) of the Federal Election 
Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441b(b)(2)) is amended by striking 
"shall include" and inserting "includes a contribution or expendi-
ture, as those terms are defined in section 301, and also includes". 
TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS 
SEC. 301. USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES. 
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by striking section 313 and inserting 
the following: 
"SEC. 313. USE OF CONTRIBUTED AMOUNTS FOR CERTAIN PURPOSES. 
2 USC 439a. 
"(a) PERMITTED USES.—^A contribution accepted by a candidate, 
and any other donation received by an individual as support for 
activities of the individual as a holder of Federal office, may be 
used by the candidate or individual— 
"(1) for otherwise authorized expenditures in connection 
with the campaign for Federal office of the candidate or indi-
vidual; 
"(2) for ordinary and necessary expenses incurred in connec-
tion with duties of the individual as a holder of Federal office; 
"(3) for contributions to an organization described in section 
170(c) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; or 
"(4) for transfers, without limitation, to a national. State, 
or local committee of a political party. 
"(b) PROHIBITED USE.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—^A contribution or donation described 
in subsection (a) shall not be converted by any person to per-
sonal use. 
"(2) CONVERSION.—For the purposes of paragraph (1), a 
contribution or donation shall be considered to be converted 
to personal use if the contribution or amount is used to fulfill 
any commitment, obligation, or expense of a person that would 
exist irrespective of the candidate's election campaign or 
individual's duties as a holder of Federal office, including— 
"(A) a home mortgage, rent, or utility payment; 
"(B) a clothing purchase; 
X 
116 STAT. 96 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
"(C) a noncampaign-related automobile expense; 
"(D) a country clab membership; 
"(E) a vacation or other noncampaign-related trip; 
"(F) a household food item; 
"(G) a tuition payment; 
"(H) admission to a sporting event, concert, theater, 
or other form of entertainment not associated with an 
election campaign; and 
"(I) dues, fees, and other payments to a health club 
or recreational facility.". 
SEC. 302. PROHIBITION OF FUNDRAISING ON FEDERAL PROPERTY. 
Section 607 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: 
"(a) PROHIBITION.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—It shall be unlawful for any person to 
solicit or receive a donation of money or other thing of value 
in connection with a Federal, State, or local election from 
a person who is located in a room or building occupied in 
the discharge of official duties by an officer or employee of 
the United States. It shall be unlawful for an individual who 
is an officer or employee of the Federal Government, including 
the President, Vice President, and Members of Congress, to 
solicit or receive a donation of money or other thing of value 
in connection with a Federal, State, or local election, while 
in any room or building occupied in the discharge of official 
duties by an officer or employee of the United States, from 
any person. 
"(2) PENALTY.—^A person who violates this section shall 
be fined not more than $5,000, imprisoned not more than 
3 years, or both."; and 
(2) in subsection (b), by inserting "or Executive Office of 
the President" after "Congress". 
SEC. 
303. 
STRENGTHENING 
FOREIGN 
MONEY BAN. 
Section 319 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441e) is amended— 
(1) by striking the heading and inserting the following: 
"CONTRIBUTIONS AND DONATIONS BY FOREIGN NATIONALS"; a n d 
(2) by striking subsection (a) and inserting the following: 
"(a) PROHIBITION.—It shall be unlawful for— 
"(1) a foreign national, directly or indirectly, to make— 
"(A) a contribution or donation of money or other thing 
of value, or to make an express or implied promise to 
make a contribution or donation, in connection with a 
Federal, State, or local election; 
"(B) a contribution or donation to a committee of a 
political party; or 
"(C) an expenditure, independent expenditure, or 
disbursement for an electioneering communication (within 
the meaning of section 304(f)(3)); or 
"(2) a person to solicit, accept, or receive a contribution 
or donation described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph 
(1) from a foreign national.". 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 97 
SEC. 304. MODIFICATION OF n«)IVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION LIMITS IN 
RESPONSE TO EXPENDITURES FROM PERSONAL FUNDS. 
(a) INCREASED LIMITS FOR INDIVIDUALS.—Section 315 
of 
the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a) is 
amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)(1), by striking "No person" and 
inserting "Except as provided in subsection (i), no person"; 
and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(i) INCREASED LIMIT TO ALLOW RESPONSE TO EXPENDITURES 
FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.— 
"(1) INCREASE.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (2), if the 
opposition personal funds amount with respect to a can-
didate for election to the office of Senator exceeds the 
threshold amount, the limit under subsection (a)(1)(A) (in 
this subsection referred to as the 'applicable limit') with 
respect to that candidate shall be the increased limit. 
"(B) THRESHOLD AMOUNT.— 
"(i) STATE-BY-STATE COMPETITIVE AND FAIR CAM-
PAIGN FORMULA.—In this subsection, the threshold 
amount with respect to an election cycle of a candidate 
described in subparagraph (A) is an amount equal 
to the sum of— 
"(I) $150,000; and 
"(II) $0.04 multiplied by the voting age popu-
lation. 
"(ii) VOTING AGE POPULATION.—In this subpara-
graph, the term 'voting age population' means in the 
case of a candidate for the office of Senator, the voting 
age population of the State of the candidate (as cer-
tified under section 315(e)). 
"(C) INCREASED LIMIT.—Except as provided in clause 
(ii), for purposes of subparagraph (A), if the opposition 
personal funds amount is over— 
"(i) 2 times the threshold amount, but not over 
4 times that amount— 
"(I) the increased limit shall be 3 times the 
applicable limit; and 
"(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall 
not apply with respect to any contribution made 
with respect to a candidate if such contribution 
is made under the incresised limit of subparagraph 
(A) during a period in which the candidate may 
accept such a contribution; 
"(ii) 4 times the threshold amount, but not over 
10 times that amount— 
"(I) the increased limit shall be 6 times the 
applicable limit; and 
"(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall 
not apply with respect to any contribution made 
with respect to a candidate if such contribution 
is made under the increased limit of subparagraph 
(A) during a period in which the candidate may 
accept such a contribution; and 
"(iii) 10 times the threshold amount— 
116 STAT. 98 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
Deadline. 
"(I) the increased limit shall be 6 times the 
applicable limit; 
"(II) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall 
not apply with respect to any contribution made 
with respect to a candidate if such contribution 
is made under the increased limit of subparagraph 
(A) during a period in which the candidate may 
accept such a contribution; and 
"(III) the limits under subsection (d) with 
respect to any expenditure by a State or national 
committee of a political party shall not apply. 
"(D) 
OPPOSITION 
PERSONAL 
FUNDS 
AMOUNT.—The 
opposition personal funds amount is an amount equal to 
the excess (if any) of— 
"(i) the greatest aggregate amount of expenditures 
from personal funds (as defined in section 304(a)(6)(B)) 
that an opposing candidate in the same election makes; 
over 
"(ii) the aggregate amount of expenditures from 
personal funds made by the candidate with respect 
to the election. 
"(2) 
TIME TO ACCEPT CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER INCREASED 
LIMIT.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), a can-
didate and the candidate's authorized committee shall not 
accept any contribution, and a party committee shall not 
make any expenditure, under the increased limit under 
paragraph (1)— 
"(i) until the candidate has received notification 
of the opposition personal funds amount under section 
304(a)(6)(B); and 
"(ii) to the extent that such contribution, when 
added to the aggregate amount of contributions pre-
viously accepted and party expenditures previously 
made under the increased limits under this subsection 
for the election cycle, exceeds 110 percent of the opposi-
tion personal funds amount. 
"(B) 
EFFECT OF WITHDRAWAL OF AN OPPOSING CAN-
DIDATE.—^A candidate and a candidate's authorized com-
mittee shall not accept any contribution and a party shall 
not make any expenditure under the increased limit after 
the date on which an opposing candidate ceases to be 
a candidate to the extent that the amount of such increased 
limit is attributable to such an opposing candidate. 
"(3) DISPOSAL OF EXCESS CONTRIBUTIONS.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The aggregate amount of contribu-
tions accepted by a candidate or a candidate's authorized 
committee under the increased limit under paragraph (1) 
and not otherwise expended in connection with the election 
with respect to which such contributions relate shall, not 
later than 50 days after the date of such election, be 
used in the manner described in subparagraph (B). 
"(B) RETURN TO CONTRIBUTORS.—A candidate or a can-
didate's authorized committee shall return the excess con-
tribution to the person who made the contribution. 
"(j) LIMITATION ON REPAYMENT OF PERSONAL LOANS.—^Any can-
didate who incurs personal loans made after the effective date 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 99 
of the Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act of 2002 in connection 
with the candidate's campaign for election shall not repay (directly 
or indirectly), to the extent such loans exceed $250,000, such loans 
from any contributions made to such candidate or any authorized 
committee of such candidate after the date of such election.". 
(b) NOTIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.— 
Section 304(a)(6) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 434(a)(6)) is amended— 
(1) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subparagraph 
(E); and 
(2) by inserting after subparagraph (A) the following: 
"(B) NOTIFICATION OF EXPENDITURE FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.— 
"(i) DEFINITION OF EXPENDITURE FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.— 
In this subparagraph, the term 'expenditure from personal 
funds' means— 
"(I) an expenditure made by a candidate using personal 
funds; and 
"(II) a contribution or loan made by a candidate using 
personal funds or a loan secured using such funds to the 
candidate's authorized committee. 
"(ii) DECLARATION OF INTENT.—Not later than the date 
that is 15 days after the date on which an individual becomes 
a candidate for the office of Senator, the candidate shall file 
a declaration stating the total amount of expenditures from 
personal funds that the candidate intends to make, or to obli-
gate to make, with respect to the election that will exceed 
the State-by-State competitive and fair campaign formula 
with— 
"(I) the Commission; and 
"(II) each candidate in the same election. 
"(iii) INITLVL NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 24 hours after 
a candidate described in clause (ii) makes or obligates to make 
an aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds in 
excess of 2 times the threshold amount in connection with 
any election, the candidate shall file a notification with— 
"(I) the Commission; and 
"(II) each candidate in the same election. 
"(iv) ADDITIONAL NOTIFICATION.—^After a candidate files an 
initial notification under clause (iii), the candidate shall file 
an additional notification each time expenditures from personal 
funds are made or obligated to be made in an aggregate amount 
that exceed $10,000 with— 
"(I) the Commission; and 
"(II) each candidate in the same election. 
Such notification shall be filed not later than 24 hours after 
the expenditure is made. 
"(v) CONTENTS.—^A notification under clause (iii) or (iv) 
shall include— 
"(I) the name of the candidate and the ofEce sought 
by the candidate; 
"(II) the date and amount of each expenditure; and 
"(III) the total amount of expenditures from personal 
funds that the candidate has made, or obligated to make, 
with respect to an election as of the date of the expenditure 
that is the subject of the notification. 
"(C) NOTIFICATION OF DISPOSAL OF EXCESS CONTRIBUTIONS.— 
In the next regularly scheduled report after the date of the election 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
X 
116 STAT. 100 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
for which a candidate seeks nomination for election to, or election 
to. Federal office, the candidate or the candidate's authorized com-
mittee shall submit to the Commission a report indicating the 
source and amount of any excess contributions (as determined under 
paragraph (1) of section 315(i)) and the manner in which the can-
didate or the candidate's authorized committee used such funds. 
"(D) ENFORCEMENT.—^For provisions providing for the enforce-
ment of the reporting requirements under this paragraph, see sec-
tion 309.". 
(c) DEFINITIONS.—Section 301 of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431), as amended by section 101(b), is further 
amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(25) ELECTION CYCLE.—^For purposes of sections 315(i) and 
315A and paragraph (26), the term 'election cycle' means the 
period beginning on the day after the date of the most recent 
election for the specific office or seat that a candidate is seeking 
and ending on the date of the next election for that office 
or seat. For purposes of the preceding sentence, a primary 
election and a general election shall be considered to be sepa-
rate elections. 
"(26) PERSONAL FUNDS.—^The term 'personal funds' means 
an amount that is derived from— 
"(A) any asset that, under applicable State law, at 
the time the individusd became a candidate, the candidate 
had legal right of access to or control over, and with respect 
to which the candidate had— 
"(i) legal and rightful title; or 
"(ii) an equitable interest; 
"(B) income received during the current election cycle 
of the candidate, including— 
"(i) a salary and other earned income from bona 
fide employment; 
"(ii) dividends and proceeds from the sale of the 
candidate's stocks or other investments; 
"(iii) bequests to the candidate; 
"(iv) income from trusts established before the 
beginning of the election cycle; 
"(v) income from trusts established by bequest 
after the beginning of the election cycle of which the 
candidate is the beneficiary; 
"(vi) gifts of a personal nature that had been cus-
tomarily received by the candidate prior to the begin-
ning of the election cycle; and 
"(vii) proceeds from lotteries and similar legal 
games of chance; and 
"(C) a portion of assets that are jointly owned by the 
candidate and the candidate's spouse equal to the can-
didate's share of the asset under the instrument of convey-
ance or ownership, but if no specific share is indicated 
by an instrument of conveyance or ownership, the value 
of V
2 of the property.". 
SEC. 305. LIMITATION ON AVAILABILITY OF LOWEST UNIT CHARGE 
FOR FEDERAL CANDIDATES ATTACKING OPPOSITION. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 315(b) of the Communications Act 
of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)) is amended— 
(1) by striking "(b) The charges" and inserting the following: 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 101 
"(b) CHARGES.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—The charges"; 
(2) by redesignating paragraphs (1) and (2) as subpara-
graphs (A) and (B), respectively; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
"(2) CONTENT OF BROADCASTS.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—In the case of a candidate for Fed-
eral office, such candidate shall not be entitled to receive 
the rate under paragraph (1)(A) for the use of any broad-
casting station unless the candidate provides written cer-
tification to the broadcast station that the candidate (and 
any authorized committee of the candidate) shall not make 
any direct reference to another candidate for the same 
office, in any broadcast using the rights and conditions 
of access under this Act, unless such reference meets the 
requirements of subparagraph (C) or (D). 
"(B) LIMITATION ON CHARGES.—If a candidate for Fed-
eral office (or any authorized committee of such candidate) 
makes a reference described in subparagraph (A) in any 
broadcast that does not meet the requirements of subpara-
graph (C) or (D), such candidate shall not be entitled to 
receive the rate under paragraph (1)(A) for such broadcast 
or any other broadcast during any portion of the 45-day 
and 60-day periods described in paragraph (1)(A), that 
occur on or after the date of such broadcast, for election 
to such office. 
"(C) TELEVISION BROADCASTS.—A candidate meets the 
requirements of this subparagraph if, in the case of a 
television broadcast, at the end of such broadcast there 
appears simultaneously, for a period no less than 4 
seconds— 
"(i) a clearly identifiable photographic or similar 
image of the candidate; smd 
"(ii) a clearly readable printed statement, identi-
fying the candidate and stating that the candidate 
has approved the broadcast and that the candidate's 
authorized committee paid for the broadcast. 
"(D) 
RADIO 
BROADCASTS.—^A candidate meets the 
requirements of this subparagraph if, in the case of a 
radio broadcast, the broadcast includes a personal audio 
statement by the candidate that identifies the candidate, 
the office the candidate is seeking, and indicates that the 
candidate has approved the broadcast. 
"(E) CERTIFICATION.—Certifications under this section 
shall be provided and certified as accurate by the candidate 
(or any authorized committee of the candidate) at the time 
of purchase. 
"(F) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this paragraph, the 
terms 'authorized committee' and 'Federal office' have the 
meanings given such terms by section 301 of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431).". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 315(b)(1)(A) of the 
Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 315(b)(1)(A)), as amended 
by this Act, is amended by inserting "subject to paragraph (2)," 
before "during the forty-five days". 
116 STAT. 102 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
47 use 315 note. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section 
shall apply to broadcasts made after the effective date of this 
Act. 
SEC. 306. SOFTWARE FOR FILING REPORTS AND PROMPT DISCLOSURE 
OF CONTRIBUTIONS. 
Section 304(a) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 434(a)) is amended by adding at the end the following: 
"(12) SOFTWARE FOR FILING OF REPORTS.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The Commission shall— 
"(i) promulgate standards to be used by vendors 
to develop software that— 
"(I) permits 
candidates 
to easily 
record 
information concerning receipts and disbursements 
required to be reported under this Act at the time 
of the receipt or disbursement; 
"(II) allows the information recorded under 
subclause (I) to be transmitted immediately to the 
Commission; and 
"(III) allows the Commission to post the 
information on the Internet immediately upon 
receipt; and 
"(ii) make a copy of software that meets the stand-
ards promulgated under clause (i) available to each 
person required to file a designation, statement, or 
report in electronic form under this Act. 
"(B) ADDITIONAL INFORMATION.—To the extent feasible, 
the Commission shall require vendors to include in the 
software developed under the standards under subpara-
graph (A) the ability for any person to file any designation, 
statement, or report required under this Act in electronic 
form. 
"(C) REQUIRED USE.—Notwithstanding any provision 
of this Act relating to times for filing reports, each can-
didate for Federal office (or that candidate's authorized 
committee) shall use software that meets the standards 
promulgated under this paragraph once such software is 
made available to such candidate. 
"(D) REQUIRED POSTING.—^The Commission shall, as 
soon as practicable, post on the Internet any information 
received under this paragraph.". 
SEC. 307. MODIFICATION OF CONTRIBUTION LIMITS. 
(a) INCREASE IN INDIVIDUAL LIMITS FOR CERTAIN CONTRIBU-
TIONS.—Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(l)) is amended— 
(1) in subparagraph (A), by striking "$1,000" and inserting 
"$2,000"; and 
(2) in subparagraph (B), by striking "$20,000" and inserting 
"$25,000". 
(b) INCREASE IN ANNUAL AGGREGATE LIMIT ON INDIVIDUAL CON-
TRIBUTIONS.—Section 315(a)(3) of the Federal Election Campaign 
Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(a)(3)) is amended to read as follows: 
"(3) During the period which begins on January 1 of an odd-
numbered year and ends on December 31 of the next even-numbered 
year, no individual may make contributions aggregating more 
than— 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 103 
"(A) $37,500, in the case of contributions to candidates 
and the authorized committees of candidates; 
"(B) $57,500, in the case of any other contributions, of 
which not more than $37,500 may be attributable to contribu-
tions to political committees which are not political committees 
of national political parties.". 
(c) INCREASE IN SENATORIAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEE LIMIT.— 
Section 315(h) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 441a(h)) is amended by striking "$17,500" and inserting 
"$35,000". 
(d) INDEXING OF CONTRIBUTION LIMITS.—Section 315(c) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a(c)) is 
amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking the second and third sentences; 
(B) by inserting "(A)" before "At the beginning"; and 
(C) by adding at the end the following: 
"(B) Except as provided in subparagraph (C), in any calendar 
year after 2002— 
"(i) a limitation established by subsections (a)(1)(A), 
(a)(1)(B), (a)(3), (b), (d), or (h) shall be increased by the percent 
difference determined under subparagraph (A); 
"(ii) each amount so increased shall remain in effect for 
the calendar year; and 
"(iii) if any amount after adjustment under clause (i) is 
not a multiple of $100, such amount shall be rounded to the 
nearest multiple of $100. 
"(C) In the case of limitations under subsections (a)(1)(A), 
(a)(1)(B), (a)(3), and (h), increases shall only be made in odd-num-
bered years and such increases shall remain in effect for the 2-
year period beginning on the first day following the date of the 
last general election in the year preceding the year in which the 
amount is increased and ending on the date of the next general 
election."; and 
(2) in paragraph (2)(B), by striking "means the calendar 
year 1974" and inserting "means— 
"(i) for purposes of subsections (b) and (d), calendar 
year 1974; and 
"(ii) for purposes of subsections (a)(1)(A), (a)(1)(B), 
(a)(3), and (h), calendar year 2001". 
(e) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section 2 use 44ia note, 
shall apply with respect to contributions made on or after January 
1, 2003. 
SEC. 308. DONATIONS TO PRESffiENTIAL INAUGURAL COMMITTEE. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Chapter 5 of title 36, United States Code, 
is amended by— 
(1) redesignating section 510 as section 511; and 
(2) inserting after section 509 the following: 
"§510. Disclosure of and prohibition on certain donations 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—^A committee shall not be considered to be 
the Inaugural Committee for purposes of this chapter unless the 
committee agrees to, and meets, the requirements of subsections 
(b) and (c). 
"(b) DISCLOSURE.— 
99-194 0-03-5 :QL 3 Parti 
116 STAT. 104 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
Deadline. 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—Not later than the date that is 90 days 
Reports. 
after the date of the Presidential inaugural ceremony, the com-
mittee shall file a report with the Federal Election Commission 
disclosing any donation of money or an3rthing of value made 
to the committee in an aggregate amount equal to or greater 
than $200. 
"(2) CONTENTS OF REPORT.—^A report filed under paragraph 
(1) shall contain— 
"(A) the amount of the donation; 
"(B) the date the donation is received; and 
"(C) the name and address of the person making the 
donation. 
"(c) LIMITATION.—The committee shall not accept any donation 
from a foreign national (as defined in section 319(b) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441e(b))).". 
(b) REPORTS MADE AVAILABLE BY FEC.—Section 304 of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434), as amended 
by sections 103, 201, and 212 is amended by adding at the end 
the following: 
"(h) REPORTS FROM INAUGURAL COMMITTEES.—The Federal 
Election Commission shall make any report filed by an Inaugural 
Committee under section 510 of title 36, United States Code, acces-
sible to the public at the offices of the Commission and on the 
Internet not later than 48 hours after the report is received by 
the Commission.". 
SEC. 309. PROHIBITION ON FRAUDULENT SOLICITATION OF FUNDS. 
Section 322 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441h) is amended— 
(1) by inserting "(a) IN GENERAL.—" before "No person"; 
and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(b) FRAUDULENT SOLICITATION OF FUNDS.—No person shall— 
"(1) fraudulently misrepresent the person as speaking, 
writing, or otherwise acting for or on behalf of any candidate 
or political party or employee or agent thereof for the purpose 
of soliciting contributions or donations; or 
"(2) willfully and knowingly participate in or conspire to 
participate in any plan, scheme, or design to violate paragraph 
(1).". 
2 u s e 431 note. 
SEC. 310. STUDY AND REPORT ON^ CLEAN MONEY CLEAN ELECTIONS 
LAWS. 
(a) CLEAN MONEY CLEAN ELECTIONS DEFINED.—In this section, 
the term "clean money clean elections" means funds received under 
State laws that provide in whole or in part for the public financing 
of election campaigns. 
(b) STUDY.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—The Comptroller General shall conduct 
a study of the clean money clean elections of Arizona and 
Maine. 
(2) MATTERS STUDIED.— 
(A) STATISTICS ON CLEAN MONEY CLEAN ELECTIONS CAN-
DIDATES.—The Comptroller General shall determine— 
(i) the number of candidates who have chosen to 
run for public office with clean money clean elections 
including— 
(I) the office for which they were candidates; 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 105 
(II) whether the candidate was an incumbent 
or a challenger; and 
(III) whether the candidate "was successful in 
the candidate's bid for public office; and 
(ii) the number of races in which at least one 
candidate ran an election with clean money clean elec-
tions. 
(B) EFFECTS OF CLEAN MONEY CLEAN ELECTIONS.—The 
Comptroller General of the United States shall describe 
the effects of public financing under the clean money clean 
elections laws on the 2000 elections in Arizona and Maine. 
(c) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after the date of enactment 
of this Act, the Comptroller General of the United States shall 
submit a report to the Congress detailing the results of the study 
conducted under subsection (b). 
SEC. 311. CLARITY STANDARDS FOR IDENTIFICATION OF SPONSORS 
OF ELECTION-RELATED ADVERTISING. 
Section 318 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441d) is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in the matter preceding paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking "Whenever" and inserting 'When-
ever a political committee makes a disbursement for 
the purpose of financing any communication through 
any broadcasting station, newspaper, magazine, out-
door advertising facility, mailing, or any other type 
of general public political advertising, or whenever"; 
(ii) by striking "an expenditure" and inserting "a 
disbursement"; 
(iii) by striking "direct"; and 
(iv) by inserting "or makes a disbursement for 
an electioneering communication (as defined in section 
304(f)(3))" after "public political advertising"; and 
(B) in paragraph (3), by inserting "and permanent 
street address, telephone number, or World Wide Web 
address" after "name"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following: 
"(c) SPECIFICATION.—^Any printed communication described in 
subsection (a) shall— 
"(1) be of sufficient t3^e size to be clearly readable by 
the recipient of the communication; 
"(2) be contained in a printed box set apart from the 
other contents of the communication; and 
"(3) be printed with a reasonable degree of color contrast 
between the background and the printed statement. 
"(d) ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS.— 
"(1) COMMUNICATIONS BY CANDIDATES OR AUTHORIZED PER-
SONS.— 
"(A) BY RADIO.—^Any communication described in para-
graph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) which is transmitted 
through radio shall include, in addition to the requirements 
of that paragraph, an audio statement by the candidate 
that identifies the candidate and states that the candidate 
has approved the communication. 
"(B) BY TELEVISION.—^Any communication described in 
paragraph (1) or (2) of subsection (a) which is transmitted 
Arizona. 
Maine. 
Deadline. 
116 STAT. 106 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
through television shall include, in addition to the require-
ments of that paragraph, a statement that identifies the 
candidate and states that the candidate has approved the 
communication. Such statement— 
"(i) shall be conveyed by— 
"(I) an unobscured, full-screen view of the can-
didate making the statement, or 
"(11) the candidate in voice-over, accompanied 
by a clearly identifiable photographic or similar 
image of the candidate; and 
"(ii) shall also appear in writing at the end of 
the communication in a clearly readable manner with 
a reasonable degree of color contrast between the back-
ground and the printed statement, for a period of at 
least 4 seconds. 
"(2) COMMUNICATIONS BY OTHERS.—^Any communication 
described in paragraph (3) of subsection (a) which is transmitted 
through radio or television shall include, in addition to the 
requirements of that paragraph, in a clearly spoken manner, 
the following audio statement: * 
is responsible for 
the content of this advertising.' (with the blank to be filled 
in with the name of the political committee or other person 
paying for the communication and the name of any connected 
organization of the payor). If transmitted through television, 
the statement shall be conveyed by an unobscured, full-screen 
view of a representative of the political committee or other 
person making the statement, or by a representative of such 
political committee or other person in voice-over, and shall 
also appear in a clearly readable manner with a reasonable 
degree of color contrast between the background and the printed 
statement, for a period of at least 4 seconds.". 
SEC. 312. INCREASE IN PENALTIES. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Subparagraph (A) of section 309(d)(1) of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(d)(l)(A)) 
is amended to read as follows: 
"(A) Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a viola-
tion of any provision of this Act which involves the making, 
receiving, 
or 
reporting 
of 
any 
contribution, 
donation, 
or 
expenditure— 
"(i) aggregating $25,000 or more during a calendar year 
shall be fined under title 18, United States Code, or imprisoned 
for not more than 5 years, or both; or 
"(ii) aggregating $2,000 or more (but less than $25,000) 
during a calendar year shall be fined under such title, or 
imprisoned for not more than 1 year, or both.". 
2 use 437g note. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—^The amendment made by this section 
shall apply to violations occurring on or after the effective date 
of this Act. 
SEC. 313. STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Section 406(a) of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 455(a)) is amended by striking "3" 
and inserting "5". 
2 use 455 note. 
(b) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by this section 
shall apply to violations occurring on or after the effective date 
of this Act. 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 107 
SEC. 314. SENTENCING GUIDELINES. 
28 USC 994 note. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The United States Sentencing Commission 
shall— 
(1) promulgate a guideline, or amend an existing guideline 
under section 994 of title 28, United States Code, in accordance 
with paragraph (2), for penalties for violations of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 and related election laws; and 
(2) submit to Congress an explanation of any guidelines 
promulgated under paragraph (1) and any legislative or 
administrative recommendations regarding enforcement of the 
Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 and related election 
laws. 
(b) CONSIDERATIONS.—The Commission shall provide guidelines 
under subsection (a) taking into account the following consider-
ations: 
(1) Ensure that the sentencing guidelines and policy state-
ments reflect the serious nature of such violations and the 
need for aggressive and appropriate law enforcement action 
to prevent such violations. 
(2) Provide a sentencing enhancement for any person con-
victed of such violation if such violation involves— 
(A) a contribution, donation, or expenditure from a 
foreign source; 
(B) a large number of illegal transactions; 
(C) a large aggregate amount of illegal contributions, 
donations, or expenditures; 
(D) the receipt or disbursement of governmental funds; 
and 
(E) an intent to achieve a benefit from the Federal 
Government. 
(3) Assure reasonable consistency with other relevant direc-
tives and guidelines of the Commission. 
(4) Account for aggravating or mitigating circumstances 
that might justify exceptions, including circumstances for which 
the sentencing guidelines currently provide sentencing enhance-
ments. 
(5) Assure the guidelines adequately meet the purposes 
of sentencing under section 3553(a)(2) of title 18, United States 
Code. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE; EMERGENCY AUTHORITY TO PROMULGATE 
GUIDELINES.— 
(1) EFFECTIVE DATE.—Notwithstanding section 402, the 
United States Sentencing Commission shall promulgate guide-
lines under this section not later than the later o
f
— 
(A) 90 days after the effective date of this Act; or 
(B) 90 days after the date on which at least a majority 
of the members of the Commission are appointed and 
holding office. 
(2) EMERGENCY AUTHORITY TO PROMULGATE GUIDELINES.— 
The Commission shall promulgate guidelines under this section 
in accordance with the procedures set forth in section 21(a) 
of the Sentencing Reform Act of 1987, as though the authority 
under such Act has not expired. 
116 STAT. 108 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
SEC. 315. INCREASE IN PENALTIES IMPOSED FOR VIOLATIONS OF CON-
DUIT CONTRIBUTION BAN. 
(a) INCREASE IN CIVIL MONEY PENALTY FOR KNOWING AND 
WILLFUL VIOLATIONS.—Section 309(a) of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 437g(a)) is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (5)(B), by inserting before the period at 
the end the following: "(or, in the case of a violation of section 
320, which is not less than 300 percent of the amount involved 
in the violation and is not more than the greater of $50,000 
or 1,000 percent of the amount involved in the violation)"; 
and 
(2) in paragraph (6)(C), by inserting before the period at 
the end the following: "(or, in the case of a violation of section 
320, which is not less than 300 percent of the amount involved 
in the violation and is not more than the greater of $50,000 
or 1,000 percent of the amount involved in the violation)". 
(b) INCREASE IN CRIMINAL PENALTY.—Section 309(d)(1) of such 
Act (2 U.S.C. 437g(d)(l)) is amended by adding at the end the 
following new subparagraph: 
"(D) Any person who knowingly and willfully commits a viola-
tion of section 320 involving an amount aggregating more than 
$10,000 during a calendar year shall be— 
"(i) imprisoned for not more than 2 years if the amount 
is less than $25,000 (and subject to imprisonment under 
subparagraph (A) if the amount is $25,000 or more); 
"(ii) fined not less than 300 percent of the amount involved 
in the violation and not more than the greater of— 
"(I) $50,000; or 
"(II) 1,000 percent of the amount involved in the viola-
tion; or 
"(iii) both imprisoned under clause (i) and fined under 
clause (ii).". 
2 use 437g note. 
(c) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section 
shall apply with respect to violations occurring on or after the 
effective date of this Act. 
SEC. 316. RESTRICTION ON INCREASED CONTRIBUTION LIMITS BY 
TAKING 
INTO 
ACCOUNT 
CANDIDATE'S 
AVAILABLE 
FUNDS. 
Section 315(i)(l) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441a(i)(l)), as added by this Act, is amended by adding 
at the end the following: 
"(E) 
SPECIAL 
RULE 
FOR 
CANDIDATE'S 
CAMPAIGN 
FUNDS.— 
"(i) IN GENERAL.—^For purposes of determining the 
aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds 
under subparagraph (D)(ii), such amount shall include 
the gross receipts advantage of the candidate's author-
ized committee. 
"(ii) GROSS RECEIPTS ADVANTAGE.—For purposes 
of clause (i), the term 'gross receipts advantage' means 
the excess, if any, o
f
— 
"(I) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of 
gross receipts of a candidate's authorized com-
mittee during any election cycle (not including con-
tributions from personal funds of the candidate) 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 109 
that may be expended in connection with the elec-
tion, as determined on June 30 and December 
31 of the year preceding the year in which a gen-
eral election is held, over 
"(11) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of 
gross receipts of the opposing candidate's author-
ized committee 
during any election cycle (not 
including contributions from personal funds of the 
candidate) that may be expended in connection 
with the election, as determined on June 30 and 
December 31 of the year preceding the year in 
which a general election is held.". 
SEC. 317. CLARIFICATION OF RIGHT OF NATIONALS OF THE UNITED 
STATES TO MAKE POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS. 
Section 319(b)(2) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(2 U.S.C. 441e(b)(2)) is amended by inserting after "United States" 
the following: "or a national of the United States (as defined in 
section 101(a)(22) of the Immigration and Nationality Act)". 
SEC. 318. PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MINORS. 
Title III of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 
U.S.C. 431 et seq.), as amended by section 101, is further amended 
by adding at the end the following new section: 
"PROHIBITION OF CONTRIBUTIONS BY MINORS 
"SEC. 324. An individual who is 17 years old or younger shall 
2 USC 44lk. 
not make a contribution to a candidate or a contribution or donation 
to a committee of a political party.". 
SEC. 319. MODIFICATION OF INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTION LIMITS FOR 
HOUSE CANDIDATES IN RESPONSE TO EXPENDITURES 
FROM PERSONAL FUNDS. 
(a) INCREASED LIMITS.—Title III of the Federal Election Cam-
paign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431 et seq.) is amended by inserting 
after section 315 the following new section: 
"MODIFICATION OF CERTAIN LIMITS FOR HOUSE CANDIDATES IN 
RESPONSE TO PERSONAL FUND EXPENDITURES OF OPPONENTS 
" S E C 315A. (a) AVAILABILITY OF INCREASED LIMIT.— 
2 use 44ia-i. 
"(1) I N GENERAL.—Subject to paragraph (3), if the opposi-
tion personal funds amount with respect to a candidate for 
election to the office of Representative in, or Delegate or Resi-
dent Commissioner to, the Congress exceeds $350,000— 
"(A) the limit under subsection (a)(1)(A) with respect 
to the candidate shall be tripled; 
"(B) the limit under subsection (a)(3) shall not apply 
with respect to any contribution made with respect to the 
candidate if the contribution is made under the increased 
limit allowed under subparagraph (A) during a period in 
which the candidate may accept such a contribution; and 
"(C) the limits under subsection (d) with respect to 
any expenditure by a State or national committee of a 
political party on behalf of the candidate shall not apply. 
"(2) 
DETERMINATION OF OPPOSITION 
PERSONAL FUNDS 
AMOUNT.— 
116 STAT. 110 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The opposition personal 
funds 
amount is an amount equal to the excess (if any) of— 
"(i) the greatest aggregate amount of expenditures 
from personal funds (as defined in subsection (b)(1)) 
that an opposing candidate in the same election makes; 
over 
"(ii) the aggregate amount of expenditures from 
personal funds made by the candidate with respect 
to the election. 
"(B) 
SPECIAL 
RULE 
FOR 
CANDIDATE'S 
CAMPAIGN 
FUNDS.— 
"(i) IN GENERAL.—^For purposes of determining the 
aggregate amount of expenditures from personal funds 
under subparagraph (A), such amount shall include 
the gross receipts advantage of the candidate's author-
ized committee. 
"(ii) 
GROSS RECEIPTS ADVANTAGE.—For purposes 
of clause (i), the term 'gross receipts advantage' means 
the excess, if any, of— 
"(I) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of 
gross receipts of a candidate's authorized com-
mittee during any election cycle (not including con-
tributions from personal funds of the candidate) 
that may be expended in connection with the elec-
tion, as determined on June 30 and December 
31 of the year preceding the year in which a gen-
eral election is held, over 
"(II) the aggregate amount of 50 percent of 
gross receipts of the opposing candidate's author-
ized committee during any election cycle (not 
including contributions from personal funds of the 
candidate) that may be expended in connection 
with the election, as determined on June 30 and 
December 31 of the year preceding the year in 
which a general election is held. 
"(3) 
TIME TO ACCEPT CONTRIBUTIONS UNDER INCREASED 
LIMIT.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—Subject to subparagraph (B), a can-
didate and the candidate's authorized committee shall not 
accept any contribution, and a party committee shall not 
make any expenditure, under the increased limit under 
paragraph (1>— 
"(i) until the candidate has received notification 
of the opposition personal funds amount under sub-
section (b)(1); and 
"(ii) to the extent that such contribution, when 
added to the aggregate amount of contributions pre-
viously accepted and party expenditures previously 
made under the increased limits under this subsection 
for the election cycle, exceeds 100 percent of the opposi-
tion personal funds amount. 
"(B) 
EFFECT OF WITHDRAWAL OF AN OPPOSING CAN-
DIDATE.—Av candidate and a candidate's authorized com-
mittee shall not accept any contribution and a party shall 
not make any expenditure under the increased limit after 
the date on which an opposing candidate ceases to be 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. I l l 
a candidate to the extent that the amount of such increased 
Hmit is attributable to such an opposing candidate. 
"(4) DISPOSAL OF EXCESS CONTRIBUTIONS.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—The aggregate amount of contribu-
tions accepted by a candidate or a candidate's authorized 
committee under the increased Hmit under paragraph (1) 
and not otherwise expended in connection with the election 
with respect to which such contributions relate shall, not 
later than 50 days after the date of such election, be 
used in the manner described in subparagraph (B). 
"(B) RETURN TO CONTRIBUTORS.—A candidate or a can-
didate's authorized committee shall return the excess con-
tribution to the person who made the contribution. 
"(b) NOTIFICATION OF EXPENDITURES FROM PERSONAL FUNDS.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.— 
"(A) 
DEFINITION OF EXPENDITURE FROM PERSONAL 
FUNDS.—In this paragraph, the term 'expenditure from per-
sonal funds' means— 
"(i) an expenditure made by a candidate using 
personal funds; and 
"(ii) a contribution or loan made by a candidate 
using personal funds or a loan secured using such 
funds to the candidate's authorized committee. 
"(B) DECLARATION OF INTENT.—Not later than the date 
that is 15 days after the date on which an individual 
becomes a candidate for the office of Representative in, 
or Delegate or Resident Commissioner to, the Congress, 
the candidate shall file a declaration stating the total 
amount of expenditures from personal funds that the can-
didate intends to make, or to obligate to make, with respect 
to the election that will exceed $350,000. 
"(C) INITL^L NOTIFICATION.—Not later than 24 hours 
after a candidate described in subparagraph (B) makes 
or obligates to make an aggregate amount of expenditures 
from personal funds in excess of $350,000 in connection 
with any election, the candidate shall file a notification. 
"(D) ADDITIONAL NOTIFICATION.—After a candidate files 
an initial notification under subparagraph (C), the can-
didate shall file an additional notification each time 
expenditures from personal funds are made or obligated 
to be made in an aggregate amount that exceeds $10,000. 
Such notification shall be filed not later than 24 hours 
after the expenditure is made. 
"(E) CONTENTS.—^A notification under subparagraph 
(C) or (D) shall include— 
"(i) the name of the candidate and the office sought 
by the candidate; 
"(ii) the date and amount of each expenditure; 
£ind 
"(iii) the total amount of expenditures from per-
sonal funds that the candidate has made, or obligated 
to make, with respect to an election as of the date 
of the expenditure that is the subject of the notification. 
"(F) PLACE OF FILING.—Each declaration or notification 
required to be filed by a candidate under subparagraph 
(C), (D), or (E) shall be filed with— 
"(i) the Commission; and 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
116 STAT. 112 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
"(ii) each candidate in the same election and the 
national party of each such candidate. 
"(2) NOTIFICATION OF DISPOSAL OF EXCESS CONTRIBU-
Reports. 
TIONS.—In the next regularly scheduled report after the date 
of the election for which a candidate seeks nomination for 
election to, or election to, Federal office, the candidate or the 
CEindidate's authorized committee shall submit to the Commis-
sion a report indicating the source and amount of any excess 
contributions (as determined under subsection (a)) and the 
manner in which the candidate or the candidate's authorized 
committee used such funds. 
"(3) ENFORCEMENT.—^For provisions providing for the 
enforcement of the reporting requirements under this sub-
section, see section 309.". 
(b) CONFORMING AMENDMENT.—Section 315(a)(1) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 441a), as amended by 
section 304(a), is amended by striking "subsection (i)," and inserting 
"subsection (i) and section 315A,". 
TITLE IV—SEVERABILITY; EFFECTIVE 
DATE 
2 u s e 454 note. 
SEC. 401. SEVERABILITY. 
If any provision of this Act or amendment made by this Act, 
or the application of a provision or amendment to any person 
or circumstance, is held to be unconstitutional, the remainder of 
this Act and amendments made by this Act, and the application 
of the provisions and amendment to any person or circumstance, 
shall not be affected by the holding. 
2 u s e 431 note. 
SEC. 402. EFFECTIVE DATES AND REGULATIONS. 
(a) GENERAL EFFECTIVE DATE.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—^Except as provided in the succeeding 
provisions of this section, the effective date of this Act, and 
the amendments made by this Act, is November 6, 2002. 
(2) MODIFICATION OF CONTRIBUTION LIMITS.—The amend-
ments made by— 
(A) section 102 shall apply with respect to contributions 
made on or after January 1, 2003; and 
(B) section 307 shall take effect as provided in sub-
section (e) of such section. 
(3) SEVERABILITY; EFFECTIVE DATES AND REGULATIONS; 
JUDICIAL REVIEW.—Title IV shall take effect on the date of 
enactment of this Act. 
(4) PROVISIONS NOT TO APPLY TO RUNOFF ELECTIONS.— 
Section 323(b) of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(as added by section 101(a)), section 103(a), title II, sections 
304 (including section 315(j) of Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971, as added by section 304(a)(2)), 305 (notwithstanding 
subsection (c) of such section), 311, 316, 318, and 319, and 
title V (and the amendments made by such sections and titles) 
shall take effect on November 6, 2002, but shall not apply 
with respect to runoff elections, recounts, or election contests 
resulting from elections held prior to such date. 
(b) SOFT MONEY OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES.— 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 113 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except for subsection (b) of such section, 
section 323 of the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 
(as added by section 101(a)) shall take effect on November 
6, 2002. 
(2) TRANSITIONAL RULES FOR THE SPENDING OF SOFT MONEY 
OF NATIONAL POLITICAL PARTIES.— 
(A) IN GENERAL.—Notwithstanding section 323(a) of 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 (as added by 
section 101(a)), if a national committee of a political party 
described in such section (including any person who is 
subject to such section under paragraph (2) of such section), 
has received funds described in such section prior to 
November 6, 2002, the rules described in subparagraph 
(B) shall apply with respect to the spending of the amount 
of such funds in the possession of such committee as of 
such date. 
(B) USE OF EXCESS SOFT MONEY FUNDS.— 
(i) IN GENERAL.—Subject to clauses (ii) and (iii), 
the national committee of a political party may use 
the amount described in subparagraph (A) prior to 
January 1, 2003, solely for the purpose of— 
(I) retiring outstanding debts or obligations 
that were incurred solely in connection with an 
election held prior to November 6, 2002; or 
(II) paying expenses or retiring outstanding 
debts or paying for obligations that were incurred 
solely in connection with any runoff election, 
recount, or election contest resulting from an elec-
tion held prior to November 6, 2002. 
(ii) PROHIBITION ON USING SOFT MONEY FOR HARD 
MONEY 
EXPENSES, 
DEBTS, 
AND 
OBLIGATIONS.—^A 
national committee of a political party may not use 
the amount described in subparagraph (A) for any 
expenditure (as defined in section 301(9) of the Federal 
Election Campaign Act of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 431(9))) or 
for retiring outstanding debts or obligations that were 
incurred for such an expenditure. 
(iii) 
PROHIBITION OF BUILDING FUND USES.—A 
national committee of a political party may not use 
the amount described in subparagraph (A) for activities 
to defray the costs of the construction or purchase 
of any office building or facility. 
(c) REGULATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—Except as provided in paragraph (2), the 
Federal Election Commission shall promulgate regulations to 
carry out this Act and the amendments made by this Act 
that are under the Commission's jurisdiction not later than 
270 days after the date of enactment of this Act. 
(2) SOFT MONEY OF POLITICAL PARTIES.—Not later than 
90 days after the date of enactment of this Act, the Federal 
Election Commission shall promulgate regulations to carry out 
title I of this Act and the amendments made by such title. 
SEC. 403. JUDICL\L REVIEW. 
(a) SPECIAL RULES FOR ACTIONS BROUGHT ON CONSTITUTIONAL 
GROUNDS.—If any action is brought for declaratory or injunctive 
relief to challenge the constitutionality of any provision of this 
Deadline. 
Deadline. 
2 u s e 437h note. 
116 STAT. 114 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
Act or any amendment made by this Act, the following rules shall 
apply: 
(1) The action shall be filed in the United States District 
Court for the District of Columbia and shall be heard by a 
3-judge court convened pursuant to section 2284 of title 28, 
United States Code. 
(2) A copy of the complaint shall be delivered promptly 
to the Clerk of the House of Representatives and the Secretary 
of the Senate. 
(3) A final decision in the action shall be reviewable only 
by appeal directly to the Supreme Court of the United States. 
Such appeal shall be taken by the filing of a notice of appeal 
within 10 days, and the filing of a jurisdictional statement 
within 30 days, of the entry of the final decision. 
(4) It shall be the duty of the United States District Court 
for the District of Columbia and the Supreme Court of the 
United States to advance on the docket and to expedite to 
the greatest possible extent the disposition of the action and 
appeal. 
(b) INTERVENTION BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.—In any action 
in which the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or any 
amendment made by this Act is raised (including but not limited 
to an action described in subsection (a)), any member of the House 
of Representatives (including a Delegate or Resident Commissioner 
to the Congress) or Senate shall have the right to intervene either 
in support of or opposition to the position of a party to the case 
regarding the constitutionality of the provision or amendment. To 
avoid duplication of efforts and reduce the burdens placed on the 
parties to the action, the court in any such action may make 
such orders as it considers necessary, including orders to require 
intervenors taking similar positions to file joint papers or to be 
represented by a single attorney at oral argument. 
(c) CHALLENGE BY MEMBERS OF CONGRESS.—Any Member of 
Congress may bring an action, subject to the special rules described 
in subsection (a), for declaratory or injunctive relief to challenge 
the constitutionality of any provision of this Act or any amendment 
made by this Act. 
(d) APPLICABILITY.— 
(1) INITIAL CLAIMS.—With respect to any action initially 
filed on or before December 31, 2006, the provisions of sub-
section (a) shall apply with respect to each action described 
in such section. 
(2) SUBSEQUENT ACTIONS.—^With respect to any action ini-
tially filed after December 31, 2006, the provisions of subsection 
(a) shall not apply to any action described in such section 
unless the person filing such action elects such provisions to 
apply to the action. 
TITLE V—ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE 
PROVISIONS 
Deadline. 
SEC. 501. INTERNET ACCESS TO RECORDS. 
Section 304(a)(ll)(B) of the Federal Election Campaign Act 
of 1971 (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(ll)(B)) is amended to read as follows: 
"(B) The Commission shall make a designation, statement, 
report, or notification that is filed with the Commission under 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
116 STAT. 115 
this Act available for inspection by the public in the offices of 
the Commission and accessible to the public on the Internet not 
later than 48 hours (or not later than 24 hours in the case of 
a designation, statement, report, or notification filed electronically) 
after receipt by the Commission.". 
SEC. 502. MAINTENANCE OF WEBSITE OF ELECTION REPORTS. 
2 USC 438a. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—The Federal Election Commission shall main-
tain a central site on the Internet to make accessible to the public 
all publicly available election-related reports and information. 
(b) ELECTION-RELATED REPORT.—In this section, the term "elec-
tion-related report" means any report, designation, or statement 
required to be filed under the Federal Election Campaign Act of 
197L 
(c) COORDINATION WITH OTHER AoENCiES.^Any Federal execu-
tive agency receiving election-related information which that agency 
is required by law to publicly disclose shall cooperate and coordinate 
with the Federal Election Commission to make such report available 
through, or for posting on, the site of the Federal Election Commis-
sion in a timely manner. 
SEC. 503. ADDITIONAL DISCLOSURE REPORTS. 
2 USC 434. 
(a) PRINCIPAL CAMPAIGN COMMITTEES.—Section 304(a)(2)(B) of DeadUnes. 
the Federal Election Campaign Act of 1971 is amended by striking 
"the following reports" and all that follows through the period 
and inserting "the treasurer shall file quarterly reports, which 
shall be filed not later than the 15th day after the last day of 
each calendar quarter, and which shall be complete as of the last 
day of each calendar quarter, except that the report for the quarter 
ending December 31 shall be filed not later than January 31 of 
the following calendar year.". 
(b) NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF A POLITICAL PARTY.—Section 
304(a)(4) of such Act (2 U.S.C. 434(a)(4)) is amended by adding 
at the end the following flush sentence: "Notwithstanding the pre-
ceding sentence, a national committee of a political party shall 
file the reports required under subparagraph (B).". 
SEC. 504. PUBLIC ACCESS TO BROADCASTING RECORDS. 
Section 315 of the Communications Act of 1934 (47 U.S.C. 
315), as amended by this Act, is amended by redesignating sub-
sections (e) and (f) as subsections (f) and (g), respectively, and 
inserting after subsection (d) the following: 
"(e) POLITICAL RECORD.— 
"(1) IN GENERAL.—^A licensee shall maintain, and make 
available for public inspection, a complete record of a request 
to purchase broadcast time that— 
"(A) is made by or on behalf of a legally qualified 
candidate for public office; or 
"(B) communicates a message relating to any political 
matter of national importance, including— 
"(i) a legally qualified candidate; 
"(ii) any election to Federal office; or 
"(iii) a national legislative issue of public impor-
tance. 
"(2) CONTENTS OF RECORD.—^A record maintained under 
paragraph (1) shall contain information regarding— 
"(A) whether the request to purchase broadcast time 
is accepted or rejected by the licensee; 
/ 
116 STAT. 116 
PUBLIC LAW 107-155—MAR. 27, 2002 
"(B) the rate charged for the broadcast time; 
"(C) the date and time on which the communication 
is aired; 
"(D) the class of time that is purchased; 
"(E) the name of the candidate to which the commu-
nication refers and the office to which the candidate is 
seeking election, the election to which the communication 
refers, or the issue to which the communication refers 
(as applicable); 
"(F) in the case of a request made by, or on behalf 
of, a candidate, the name of the candidate, the authorized 
committee of the candidate, and the treasurer of such com-
mittee; and 
"(G) in the case of any other request, the name of 
the person purchasing the time, the name, address, and 
phone number of a contact person for such person, and 
a list of the chief executive officers or members of the 
executive committee or of the board of directors of such 
person. 
"(3) TIME TO MAINTAIN FILE.—The information required 
under this subsection shall be placed in a political file as 
soon as possible and shall be retained by the licensee for 
a period of not less than 2 years.". 
Approved March 27, 2002. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 2356 (S. 27): 
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 107-131, Pt. 1 (Comm. on House Administration). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 148 (2002): 
Feb. 13, considered and passed House. 
Mar. 18-20, considered and passed Senate. 
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 38 (2002): 
Mar. 27, Presidential statement. 
o