Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980
PL 96-591 (H.R.6671), enacted 12/24/1980

PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3415 
Public Law 96-591 
96th Congress 
An Act 
To unify the rules for preventing collisions on the inland waters of the United 
Uec. ^4, lt>oO 
States, and for other purposes. 
[H.R. 6671] 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of 
America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be inland 
cited as the "Inland Navigational Rules Act of 1980" 
R E A J ? of 1
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SEC. 2. Inland Navigational Rules: 
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note. 
PART A—GENERAL 
RULE 1 
Application 
(a) These Rules apply to all vessels upon the inland waters of the 33 U
S
C 2001. 
United States, and to vessels of the United States on the Canadian 
waters of the Great Lakes to the extent that there is no conflict with 
Canadian law. 
03)(i) These Rules constitute special rules made by an appropriate 
authority within the meaning of Rule 1(h) of the International 
Reflations. 
(ii) All vessels complying with the construction and equipment 
requirements of the International Regulations are considered to be in 
compliance with these Rules. 
• (c) Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any 
special rules made by the Secretary of the Navy with respect to 
additional station or signal lights and shapes or whistle signals for 
ships of 
war and vessels proceeding under convoy, or by the Secretary 
with respect to additional station or signal lights and shapes for 
fishing vessels engaged in fishing as a fleet. These additional station 
or signal lights and shapes or whistle signals shall, so far as possible, 
be such that they cannot be mistaken for any light, shape, or signal 
authorized elsewhere under these Rules. Notice of such special rules 
shall be published in the Federal Register and, after the effective date 
specified in such notice, they shall have effect as if they were a part of 
these Rules. 
(d) Vessel traffic service regulations may be in effect in certain 
areas. 
(e) Whenever the Secretary determines that a vessel or class of 
vessels of special construction or purpose cannot comply fully with 
the provisions of any of these Rules with respect to the number, 
position, range, or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the 
disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, without 
interfering with the special function of the vessel, the vessel shall 
comply with such other provisions in regard to the number, position, 
range, or arc of visibility of lights or shapes, as well as to the 
disposition and characteristics of sound-signaling appliances, as the 
Secretary shall have determined to be the closest possible compliance 
with these Rules. The Secretary may issue a certificate of alternative 
94 STAT. 3416 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
compliance for a vessel or class of vessels specifying the closest 
possible compliance with these Rules. The Secretary of the Navy 
shall make these determinations and issue certificates of alternative 
compliance for vessels of the Navy. 
(f) The Secretary may accept a certificate of alternative compliance 
issued by a contracting party to the International Regulations if he 
determines that the alternative compliance standards of the con-
tracting party are substantially the same as those of the United 
States. 
RULE 2 
Responsibility 
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(^) Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, 
master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to 
comply with these Rules or of the neglect of any precaution which 
may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special 
circumstances of the case. 
(b) In construing and complying with these Rules due regard shall 
be had to all dangers of navigation and collision and to any special 
circumstances, including the limitations of the vessels involved, 
which may make a departure from these Rules necessary to avoid 
immediate danger. 
RULE 3 
General Definitions 
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PQJ. tjig purpose of these Rules and this Act, except where the 
context otherwise requires: 
(a) The word "vessel" includes every description of water craft, 
including nondisplacement craft and seaplanes, used or capable of 
being used as a means of transportation on water; 
(b) The term "power-driven vessel" means any vessel propelled by 
machinery; 
(c) The term "sailing vessel" means any vessel under sail provided 
that propelling machinery, if fitted, is not being used; 
(d) The term "vessel engaged in fishing" means any vessel 
fishing with nets, lines, trawls, or other fishing apparatus which 
restricts maneuverability, but does not include a vessel fishing with 
trolling lines or other fishing apparatus which do not restrict 
maneuverability; 
(e) The word "seaplane" includes any aircraft designed to maneu-
ver on the water; 
(f) The term "vessel not under command" means a vessel which 
through some exceptional circumstance is unable to maneuver as 
required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep out of the way 
of another vessel; 
(g) The term "vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver" means a 
vessel which from the nature of her work is restricted in her ability to 
maneuver as required by these Rules and is therefore unable to keep 
out of the way of another vessel; vessels restricted in their ability to 
maneuver include, but are not limited to: 
(i) a vessel engaged in laying, servicing, or picking up a 
navigation mark, submarine cable, or pipeline; 
(ii) a vessel engaged in dredging, surveying, or underwater 
operations; 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3417 
(iii) a vessel engaged in replenishment or transferring persons, 
provisions, or cargo while underway; 
(iv) a vessel engaged in the launching or recovery of aircraft; 
(v) a vessel engaged in minesweeping operations; and 
(vi) a vessel engaged in a towing operation such as severely 
restricts the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate 
from their course. 
(h) The word "underway" means that a vessel is not at anchor, or 
made fast to the shore, or aground; 
(i) The words "length" and "breadth" of a vessel mean her length 
overall and greatest breadth; 
(j) Vessels shall be deemed to be in sight of one another only when 
one can be observed visually from the other; 
(k) The term "restricted visibility" means any condition in which 
visibility is restricted by fog, mist, falling snow, heavy rainstorms, 
sandstorms, or any other similar causes; 
(1) "Western Rivers" means the Mississippi River, its tributaries. 
South Pass, and Southwest Pass, to the navigational demarcation 
lines dividing the high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland 
waters of the United States, and the Port Allen-Morgan City Alter-
nate Route, and that part of the Atchafalaya River above its junction 
with the Port Allen-Morgan City Alternate Route including the Old 
River and the Red River; 
(m) "Great Lakes" means the Great Lakes and their connecting 
and tributary waters including the Calumet River as far as the 
Thomas J. O'Brien Lock and Controlling Works (between mile 326 
and 327), the Chicago River as far as the east side of the Ashland 
Avenue Bridge (between mile 321 and 322), and the Saint Lawrence 
River as far east as the lower exit of Saint Lambert Lock; 
(n) "Secretary" means the Secretary of the department in which 
the Coast Guard is operating; 
(o) "Inland Waters" means the navigable waters of the United 
States shoreward of the navigational demarcation lines dividing the 
high seas from harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the United 
States and the waters of the Great Lakes on the United States side of 
the International Boundary; 
(p) "Inland Rules" or "Rules" mean the Inland Navigational Rules 
and the annexes thereto, which govern the conduct of vessels and 
specify the lights, shapes, and sound signals that apply on inland 
waters; and 
(q) "International Regulations" means the International Regula-
tions for Preventing Collisions at Sea, 1972, including annexes 
33 USC1602 
currently in force for the United States. 
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PART B—STEERING AND SAILING RULES 
SUBPART I—CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN ANY CONDITION OF VISIBILITY 
RULE 4 
Application 
Rules in this subpart apply in any condition of visibility, 
33 USC 2004. 
94 STAT. 3418 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
RULE 5 
Look-out 
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Every vessel shall at all times maintain a proper look-out by sight 
and hearing as well as by all available means appropriate in the 
prevailing circumstances and conditions so as to make a full 
appraisal of the situation and of the risk of collision. 
RULE 6 
Safe Speed 
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Every vessel shall at all times proceed at a safe speed so that she 
can take proper and effective action to avoid collision and be stopped 
within a distance appropriate to the prevailing circumstances and 
conditions. 
In determining a safe speed the following factors shall be among 
those taken into account: 
(a) By all vessels: 
(i) the state of visibility; 
(ii) the traffic density including concentration of fishing vessels 
or any other vessels; 
(iii) the maneuverability of the vessel with special reference 
to stopping distance and turning ability in the prevailing 
conditions; 
(iv) at night the presence of background light such as from 
shores lights or from back scatter of her own lights; 
(v) the state of wind, sea, and current, and the proximity of 
navigational hazards; 
(vi) the draft in relation to the available depth of water. 
Ot)) Additionally, by vessels with operational radar: 
(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar 
equipment; 
(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use; 
(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather, and 
other sources of interference; 
(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating 
objects may not be detected by radar at an adequate range; 
(v) the number, location, and movement of vessels detected by 
radar; and 
(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be 
possible when radar is used to determine the range of vessels or 
other objects in the vicinity. 
RULE 7 
Risk of Collision 
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(a) Every vessel shall use all available means appropriate to the 
prevailing circumstances and conditions to determine if risk of 
collision exists. If there is any doubt such risk shall be deemed to 
exist. 
(b) Proper use shall be made of radar equipment if fitted and 
operational, including long-range scanning to obtain early warning of 
risk of collision and radar plotting or equivalent systematic observa-
tion of detected objects. 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3419 
(c) Assumptions shall not be made on the basis of scanty informa-
tion, especially scanty radar information. 
(d) In determining if risk of collision exists the following consider-
ations shall be among those taken into account: 
(i) such risk shall be deemed to exist if the compass bearing of 
an approaching vessel does not appreciably change; and 
(ii) such risk may sometimes exist even when an appreciable 
bearing change is evident, particularly when approaching a very 
large vessel or a tow or when approaching a vessel at close range. 
RULE 8 
Action To Avoid Collision 
(a) Any action taken to avoid collision shall, if the circumstances of 33 use 2008. 
the case admit, be positive, made in ample time and with due regard 
to the observance of good seamanship. 
(b) Any alteration of course or speed to avoid collision shall, if the 
circumstances of the case admit, be large enough to be readily 
apparent to another vessel observing visually or by radar; a succes-
sion of Ismail alterations of course or speed should be avoided, 
(c) If there is sufficient sea room, alteration of course alone may be 
the most effective action to avoid a close-quarters situation provided 
that it is made in good time, is substantial and does not result in 
another close-quarters situation. 
(d) Action taken to avoid collision with another vessel shall be such 
as to result in passing at a safe distance. The effectiveness of the 
action shall be carefully checked until the other vessel is finally past 
and clear. 
(e) If necessary to avoid collision or allow more time to assess the 
situation, a vessel shall slacken her speed or take all way off by 
stopping or reversing her means of propulsion. 
RULE 9 
Narrow Channels 
(a)(i) A vessel proceeding along the course of a narrow channel or 33 USC 2009. 
fairway shall keep as near to the outer limit of the channel or fairway 
which lies on her starboard side as is safe and practicable. 
(ii) Notwithstanding paragraph (a)(i) and Rule 14(a), a power-driven 
vessel operating in narrow channels or fairways on the Great Lakes, 
Western Rivers, or waters specified by the Secretary, and proceeding 
downbound with a following current shall have the right-of-way over 
an upbound vessel, shall propose the manner and place of passage, 
and shall initiate the maneuvering signals prescribed by Rule 34(a)(i), 
as appropriate. The vessel proceeding upbound against the current 
shall hold as necessary to permit safe passing. 
(b) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length or a sailing vessel shall 
not impede the passage of a vessel that can safely navigate only 
within a narrow channel or fairway. 
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing shall not impede the passage of any 
other vessel navigating within a narrow channel or fairway. 
(d) A vessel shall not cross a narrow channel or fairway if such 
crossing impedes the passage of a vessel which can safely navigate 
only within that channel or fairway. The latter vessel shall use the 
danger signal prescribed in Rule 34(d) if in doubt as to the intention of 
the crossing vessel. 
94 STAT. 3420 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
(e)(i) In a narrow channel or fairway when overtaking, the vessel 
intending to overtake shall indicate her intention by sounding the 
appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(c) and take steps to permit 
safe passing. The overtaken vessel, if in agreement, shall sound the 
same signal. If in doubt she shall sound the danger signal prescribed 
in Rule 34(d). 
(ii) This Rule does not relieve the overtaking vessel of her obliga-
tion under Rule 13. 
(f) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a narrow channel or 
fairway where other vessels may be obscured by an intervening 
obstruction shall navigate with particular alertness and caution and 
shall sound the appropriate signal prescribed in Rule 34(e). 
(g) Every vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid 
anchoring in a narrow channel. 
RULE 10 
Vessel Traffic Services 
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Each vessel required by regulation to participate in a vessel traffic 
service shall comply with the applicable regulations. 
SUBPART II—CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN SIGHT OF ONE ANOTHER 
RULE 11 
Application 
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Rules in this subpart apply to vessels in sight of one another. 
RULE 12 
Sailing Vessels 
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(a) When two sailing vessels are approaching one another, so as to 
involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the 
other as follows: 
(i) when each has the wind on a different side, the vessel which 
has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the 
other; 
(ii) when both have the wind on the same side, the vessel which 
is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to 
leeward; and 
(iii) if a vessel with the wind on the port side sees a vessel to 
windward and cannot determine with certainty whether the 
other vessel has the wind on the port or on the starboard side, she 
shall keep out of the way of the other. 
(b) For the purpose of this Rule the windward side shall be deemed 
to be the side opposite to that on which the mainsail is carried or, in 
the case of a square-rigged vessel, the side opposite to that on which 
the largest fore-and-aft sail is carried. 
RULE 13 
Overtaking 
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(a) Notwithstanding anything contained in Rules 4 through 18, any 
vessel overtaking any other shall keep out of the way of the vessel 
being overtaken. 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3421 
(b) A vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with 
another vessel from a direction more than 22,5 degrees abaft her 
beam; that is, in such a position with reference to the vessel she is 
overtaking, that at night she would be able to see only the sternlight 
of that vessel but neither of her sidelights. 
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether she is overtaking 
another, she shall assume that this is the case and act accordingly. 
(d) Any subsequent alteration of the bearing between the two 
vessels shall not make the overtaking vessel a crossing vessel within 
the meaning of these Rules or relieve her of the duty of keeping clear 
of the overtaken vessel until she is finally past and clear. 
RULE 14 
Head-on Situation 
(a) When two power-driven vessels are meeting on reciprocal or ^^ USC 2014. 
nearly reciprocal courses so as to involve risk of collision each shall 
alter her course to starboard so that each shall pass on the port side of 
the other. 
(b) Such a situation shall be deemed to exist when a vessel sees the 
other ahead or nearly ahead and by night she could see the masthead 
lights of the other in a line or nearly in a line or both sidelights and by 
day she observes the corresponding aspect of the other vessel. 
(c) When a vessel is in any doubt as to whether such a situation 
exists she shall assume that it does exist and act accordingly. 
RULE 15 
Crossing Situation 
(a) When two power-driven vessels are crossing so as to involve risk 33 USC 2015. 
of collision, the vessel which has the other on her starboard side shall 
keep out of the way and shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, 
avoid crossing ahead of the other vessel. 
(b) Notwithstanding paragraph (a), on the Great Lakes, Western 
Rivers, or water specified by the Secretary, a vessel crossing a river 
shall keep out of the way of a power-driven vessel ascending or 
descending the river. 
RULE 16 
Action by Give-Way Vessel 
Every vessel which is directed to keep out of the way of another 
^3 USC 2016. 
vessel shall, so far as possible, take early and substantial action to 
keep well clear. 
RULE 17 
Action by Stand-on Vessel 
(a)(i) Where one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other 
33 USC 2017. 
shall keep her course and speed. 
(ii) The latter vessel may, however, take action to avoid collision by 
her maneuver alone, as soon as it becomes apparent to her that the 
vessel required to keep out of the way is not taking appropriate action 
in compliance with these Rules. 
(b) When, from any cause, the vessel required to keep her course 
and speed finds herself so close that collision cannot be avoided by the 
94 STAT. 3422 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
action of the give-way vessel alone, she shall take such action as will 
best aid to avoid collision. 
(c) A power-driven vessel which takes action in a crossing situation 
in accordance with subparagraph (a)(ii) of this Rule to avoid collision 
with another power-driven vessel shall, if the circumstances of the 
case admit, not alter course to port for a vessel on her own port side. 
(d) This Rule does not relieve the give-way vessel of her obligation 
to keep out of the way. 
RULE 18 
Responsibilities Between Vessels 
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Except where Rules 9,10, and 13 otherwise require: 
(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall keep out of the way of: 
(i) a vessel not under command; 
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver; 
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing; and 
(iv) a sailing vessel. 
(b) A sailing vessel underway shall keep out of the way of: 
(i) a vessel not under command; 
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver; and 
(iii) a vessel engaged in fishing. 
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing when underway shall, so far as 
possible, keep out of the way of: 
(i) a vessel not under command; and 
(ii) a vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver. 
(d) A seaplane on the water shall, in general, keep well clear of all 
vessels and avoid impeding their navigation. In circumstances, how-
ever, where risk of collision exists, she shall comply with the Rules of 
this Part. 
SUBPART III—CONDUCT OF VESSELS IN RESTRICTED VISIBIUTY 
RULE 19 
Conduct of Vessels in Restricted Visibility 
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(a) This Rule applies to vessels not in sight of one another when 
navigating in or near an area of restricted visibility. 
(b) Every vessel shall proceed at a safe speed adapted to the 
prevailing circumstances and conditions of restricted visibility. A 
power-driven vessel shall have her engines ready for immediate 
maneuver. 
(c) Every vessel shall have due regard to the prevailing circum-
stances and conditions of restricted visibility when complying with 
Rules 4 through 10. 
(d) A vessel which detects by radar alone the presence of another 
vessel shall determine if a close-quarters situation is developing or 
risk of collision exists. If so, she shall take avoiding action in ample 
time, provided that when such action consists of an alteration of 
course, so far as possible the following shall be avoided: 
(i) an alteration of course to port for a vessel forward of the 
beam, other than for a vessel being overtaken; and 
(ii) an alteration of course toward a vessel abeam or abaft the 
beam. 
(e) Except where it has been determined that a risk of collision does 
not exist, every vessel which hears apparently forward of her beam 
the fog signal of another vessel, or which cannot avoid a close-
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3423 
quarters situation with another vessel forward of her beam, shall 
reduce her speed to the minimum at which she can be kept on course. 
She shall if necessary take all her way off and, in any event, navigate 
with extreme caution until danger of collision is over. 
PART C—LIGHTS AND SHAPES 
RULE 20 
Application 
(a) Rules in this Part shall be complied with in all weathers. 33 USC 2020. 
(b) The Rules concerning lights shall be complied with from sunset 
to sunrise, and during such times no other lights shall be exhibited, 
except such lights as cannot be mistaken for the lights specified in 
these Rules or do not impair their visibility or distinctive character, 
or interfere with the keeping of a proper lookout. 
(c) The lights prescribed by these Rules shall, if carried, also be 
exhibited from sunrise to sunset in restricted visibility and may be 
exhibited in all other circumstances when it is deemed necessary. 
(d) The Rules concerning shapes shall be complied with by day. 
(e) The lights and shapes specified in these Rules shall comply with 
the provisions of Annex I of these Rules. 
RULE 21 
Definitions 
(a) "Masthead light" means a white light placed over the fore and 33 USC 2021. 
aft centerline of the vessel showing an unbroken light over an arc of 
the horizon of 225 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from right 
ahead to 22,5 degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel, 
ex;cept that on a vessel of less than 12 meters in length the masthead 
light shall be placed as nearly as practicable to the fore and aft 
centerline of the vessel. 
(b) "Sidelights" mean a green light on the starboard side and a red 
light on the port side each showing an unbroken light over an arc of 
the horizon of 112.5 degrees and so fixed as to show the light from 
right ahead to 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on its respective side. On a 
vessel of less than 20 meters in length the side lights may be 
combined in one lantern carried on the fore and aft centerline of the 
vessel, except that on a vessel of less than 12 meters in length the 
sidelights when combined in one lantern shall be placed as nearly as 
practicable to the fore and aft centerline of the vessel. 
(c) "Sternlight" means a white light placed as nearly as practicable 
at the stern showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 
135 degrees and so fixed as to show the light 67.5 degrees from right 
aft on each side of the vessel. 
(d) "Towing light" means a yellow light having the same character-
istics as the "sternlight" defined in paragraph (c) of this Rule. 
(e) "All-round light" means a light showing an unbroken light over 
an arc of the horizon of 360 degrees. 
(f) "Flashing light" means a light flashing at regular intervals at a 
frequency of 120 flashes or more per minute. 
(g) "Special flashing light" means a yellow light flashing at regular 
intervals at a frequency of 50 to 70 flashes per minute, placed as far 
forward and as nearly as practicable on the fore and aft centerline of 
the tow and showing an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 
94 STAT. 3424 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
not less than 180 degrees nor more than 225 degrees and so fixed as to 
show the light from right ahead to abeam and no more than 22.5 
degrees abaft the beam on either side of the vessel. 
RULE 22 
Visibility of Lights 
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The lights prescribed in these Rules shall have an intensity as 
specified in Annex I to these Rules, so as to be visible at the following 
minimum ranges: 
(a) In a vessel of 50 meters or more in length: 
a masthead light, 6 miles; 
a sidelight, 3 miles; 
a sternlight, 3 miles; 
a towing light, 3 miles; 
a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 3 miles; and 
a special flashing light, 2 miles. 
(b) In a vessel of 12 meters or more in length but less than 50 meters 
in length: 
a masthead light, 5 miles; except that where the length of the 
vessel is less than 20 meters, 3 miles; 
a sidelight, 2 miles; 
a sternlight, 2 miles; 
a towing light, 2 miles; 
a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles; and 
a special flashing light, 2 miles. 
(c) In a vessel of less than 12 meters in length: 
a masthead light, 2 miles; 
a sidelight, 1 mile; 
a sternlight, 2 miles; 
a towing light, 2 miles; 
a white, red, green or yellow all-round light, 2 miles; and 
a special fleishing light, 2 miles. 
(d) In an inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object being 
towed: 
a white all-round light, 3 miles. 
RULE 23 
Power-Driven Vessels Underway 
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(a) A power-driven vessel underway shall exhibit: 
(i) a masthead light forward; except that a vessel of less than 20 
meters in length need not exhibit this light forward of amidships 
but shall exhibit it as far forward as is practicable; 
(ii) a second masthead light abaft of and higher than the 
forward one; except that a vessel of less than 50 meters in length 
shall not be obliged to exhibit such light but may do so; 
(iii) sidelights; and 
(iv) a sternlight. 
Ot)) An air-cushion vessel when operating in the nondisplacement 
mode shall, in addition to the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this 
Rule, exhibit an all-round flashing yellow light where it can best be 
seen. 
(c) A power-driven vessel of less than 12 meters in length may, in 
lieu of the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit an 
all-round white light and sidelights. 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3425 
(d) A power-driven vessel when operating on the Great Lakes may 
carry an all-round white light in lieu of the second masthead light 
and sternlight prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule. The light shall 
be carried in the position of the second masthead light and be visible 
at the same minimum range. 
RULE 24 
Towing and Pushing 
(a) A power-driven vessel when towing astern shall exhibit: 
33 USC 2024. 
(i) instead of the light prescribed either in Rule 23 (a)(i) or 
23(a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line. When the length 
of the tow, measuring from the stern of the towing vessel to the 
after end of the tow exceeds 200 meters, three such lights in a 
vertical line; 
(ii) sidelights; 
(iii) a sternlight; 
(iv) a towing light in a vertical line above the sternlight; and 
(v) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters, a diamond 
shape where it can best be seen. 
Ot)) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are 
rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a 
power-driven vessel and exhibit the lights prescribed in Rule 23. 
(c) A power-driven vessel when pushing ahead or towing alongside, 
except as required by paragraphs (b) and (i) of this Rule, shall exhibit: 
(i) instead of the light prescribed either in Rule 23(a)(i) or 
23(a)(ii), two masthead lights in a vertical line; 
(ii) sidelights; and 
(iii) two towing lights in a vertical line. 
(d) A power-driven vessel to which paragraphs (a) or (c) of this Rule 
apply shall also comply with Rule 23(aXi) and 23(aXii). 
(e) A vessel or object other than those referred to in paragraph (g) of 
this Rule being towed shall exhibit: 
(i) sidelights; 
(ii) a sternlight; and 
(iii) when the length of the tow exceeds 200 meters, a diamond 
shape where it can best be seen. 
if) Provided that any number of vessels being towed alongside or 
pushed in a group shall be lighted as one vessel: 
(i) a vessel being pushed ahead, not being part of a composite 
unit, shall exhibit at the forward end sidelights, and a special 
flashing light; and 
(ii) a vessel being towed alongside shall exhibit a sternlight and 
at the forward end sidelights, 
(g) An inconspicuous, partly submerged vessel or object being towed 
shall exhibit: 
(i) if it is less than 25 meters in breadth, one all-round white 
light at or near each end; 
(ii) if it is 25 meters or more in breadth, four all-round white 
lights to mark its length and breadth; 
(iii) if it exceeds 100 meters in length, additional all-round 
white lights between the lights prescribed in subparagraphs (i) 
and (ii) so that the distance between the lights shall not exceed 
100 meters: Provided, That any vessels or objects being towed 
alongside each other shall be lighted as one vessel or object; 
(iv) a diamond shape at or near the aftermost extremity of the 
last vessel or object being towed; and 
94 STAT. 3426 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
(v) the towing vessel may direct a searchlight in the direction 
of the tow to indicate its presence to an approaching vessel. 
(h) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel 
or object being towed to exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (e) 
or (g) of this Rule, all possible measures shall be taken to light the 
vessel or object towed or at least to indicate the presence of the 
unlighted vessel or object. 
(i) Notwithstanding paragraph (c), on the Western Rivers and on 
waters specified by the Secretary, a power-driven vessel when push-
ing ahead or towing alongside, except as paragraph (b) applies, shall 
exhibit: 
(i) sidelights; and 
(ii) two towing lights in a vertical line. 
(j) Where from any sufficient cause it is impracticable for a vessel 
not normally engaged in towing operations to display the lights 
prescribed by paragraph (a), (c) or (i) of this Rule, such vessel shall not 
be required to exhibit those lights when engaged in towing another 
vessel in distress or otherwise in need of assistance. All possible 
measures shall be taken to indicate the nature of the relationship 
between the towing vessel and the vessel being assisted. The search-
light authorized by Rule 36 may be used to illuminate the tow. 
RULE 25 
Sailing Vessels Underway and Vessels Under Oars 
33 use 2025. 
(a) A sailing vessel underway shall exhibit: 
(i) sidelights; and 
(ii) a sternlight. 
O
t
)
) In a sailing vessel of less than 20 meters in length the lights 
prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule may be combined in one 
lantern carried at or near the top of the mast where it can best be 
seen. 
(c) A sailing vessel underway may, in addition to the lights 
prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule, exhibit at or near the top of 
the mast, where they can best be seen, two all-round lights in a 
vertical line, the upper being red and the lower green, but these lights 
shall not be exhibited in conjunction with the combined lantern 
permitted by paragraph O
t
)
) of this Rule. 
(d)(i) A sailing vessel of less than 7 meters in length shall, if 
practicable, exhibit the lights prescribed in paragraph (a) or Qo) of this 
Rule, but if she does not, she shall have ready at hand an electric 
torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which shall be 
exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision. 
(ii) A vessel under oars may exhibit the lights prescribed in this 
Rule for sailing vessels, but if she does not, she shall have ready at 
hand an electric torch or lighted lantern showing a white light which 
shall be exhibited in sufficient time to prevent collision. 
(e) A vessel proceeding under sail when also being propelled by 
machinery shall exhibit forward where it can best be seen a conical 
shape, apex downward. A vessel of less than 12 meters in length is not 
required to exhibit this shape, but may do so. 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3427 
RULE 26 
Fishing Vessels 
(a) A vessel engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor, 33 USC 2026. 
shall exhibit only the lights and shapes prescribed in this Rule. 
(b) A vessel when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the 
dragging through the water of a dredge net or other apparatus used 
as a fishing appliance, shall exhibit: 
(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being green 
and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with their 
apexes together in a vertical line one above the other; a vessel of 
less than 20 meters in length may instead of this shape exhibit a 
basket; 
(ii) a masthead light abaft of and higher than the all-round 
green light; a vessel of less than 50 meters in length shall not be 
obliged to exhibit such a light but may do so; and 
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the 
lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. 
(c) A vessel engaged in fishing, other than trawling, shall exhibit: 
(i) two all-round lights in a vertical line, the upper being red 
and the lower white, or a shape consisting of two cones with 
apexes together in a vertical line one above the other; a vessel of 
less than 20 meters in length may instead of this shape exhibit a 
basket; 
(ii) when there is outlying gear extending more than 150 
meters horizontally from the vessel, an all-round white light or a 
cone apex upward in the direction of the gear; and 
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the 
lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. 
(d) A vessel engaged in fishing in close proximity to other vessels 
engaged in fishing may exhibit the additional signals described in 
Annex II to these Rules. 
(e) A vessel when not engaged in fishing shall not exhibit the lights 
or shapes prescribed in this Rule, but only those prescribed for a 
vessel of her length. 
RULE 27 
Vessels Not Under Command or Restricted in Their Ability To 
33 USC 2027. 
Maneuver 
(a) A vessel not under command shall exhibit: 
(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line where they can 
best be seen; 
(ii) two balls or similar shapes in a vertical line where they can 
best be seen; and 
(iii) when making way through the water, in addition to the 
lights prescribed in this paragraph, sidelights and a sternlight. 
(b) A vessel restricted in her ability to maneuver, except a vessel 
engaged in minesweeping operations, shall exhibit: 
(i) three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best 
be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and 
the middle light shall be white; 
(ii) three shapes in a vertical line where they can best be seen. 
The highest and lowest of these shapes shall be balls and the 
middle one a diamond; 
94 STAT. 3428 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
(iii) when making way through the water, masthead lights, 
sideUghts and a sternlight, in addition to the lights prescribed in 
subparagraph (b)(i); and 
(iv) when at anchor, in addition to the lights or shapes 
prescribed in subparagraphs (b) (i) and (ii), the light, lights or 
shapes prescribed in Rule 30. 
(c) A vessel engaged in a towing operation which severely restricts 
the towing vessel and her tow in their ability to deviate from their 
course shall, in addition to the lights or shapes prescribed in subpara-
graphs OD) (i) and (ii) of this Rule, exhibit the lights or shape 
prescribed in Rule 24. 
(d) A vessel engaged in dredging or underwater operations, when 
restricted in her ability to maneuver, shall exhibit the lights and 
shapes prescribed in subparagraphs 0^) (i), (ii), and (iii) of this Rule 
and shall in addition, when an obstruction existe, exhibit: 
(i) two all-round red lights or two balls in a vertical line to 
indicate the side on which the obstruction exists; 
(ii) two all-round green lights or two diamonds in a vertical line 
to indicate the side on which another vessel may pass; and 
(iii) when at anchor, the lights or shape prescribed by this 
paragraph, instead of the lights or shapes prescribed in Rule 30 
for anchored vessels. 
(e) Whenever the size of a vessel engaged in diving operations 
makes it impracticable to exhibit all lights and shapes prescribed in 
paragraph (d) of this Rule, the following shall instead be exhibited: 
(i) Three all-round lights in a vertical line where they can best 
be seen. The highest and lowest of these lights shall be red and 
the middle light shall be white. 
(ii) A rigid replica of the international Code flag "A" not less 
than 1 meter in height. Measures shall be taken to insure its all-
round visibility. 
(f) A vessel engaged in minesweeping operations shall, in addition 
to the lights prescribed for a power-driven vessel in Rule 23, exhibit 
three all-round green lights or three balls. One of these lights or 
shapes shall be exhibited near the foremast head and one at each end 
of the fore yard. These lights or shapes indicate that it is dangerous 
for another vessel to approach closer than 1,000 meters astern or 500 
meters on either side of the minesweeper. 
(g) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length, except when engaged 
in diving operations, is not required to exhibit the lights or shapes 
prescribed in this Rule. 
(h) The signals prescribed in this Rule are not signals of vessels in 
distress and requiring assistance. Such signals are contained in 
Annex IV to these Rules. 
33 use 2028. 
RULE 28 
[Reserved] 
RULE 29 
Pilot Vessels 
33 use 2029. 
(a) A vessel engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit: 
(i) at or near the masthead, two all-round lights in a vertical 
line, the upper being white and the lower red; 
(ii) when underway, in addition, sidelights and a sternlight; 
and 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3429 
(iii) when at anchor, in addition to the hghts prescribed in 
subparagraph (i), the anchor light, lights, or shape prescribed in 
Rule 30 for anchored vessels, 
(b) A pilot vessel when not engaged on pilotage duty shall exhibit 
the lights or shapes prescribed for a vessel of her length. 
RULE 30 
Anchored Vessels and Vessels Aground 
(a) A vessel at anchor shall exhibit where it can best be seen: 33 USC 2030. 
(i) in the fore part, an all-round white light or one ball; and 
(ii) at or near the stern and at a lower level than the light 
prescribed in subparagraph (i), an all-round white light. 
(b) A vessel of less than 50 meters in length may exhibit an all-
round white light where it can best be seen instead of the lights 
prescribed in paragraph (a) of this Rule. 
(c) A vessel at anchor may, and a vessel of 100 meters or more in 
length shall, also use the available working or equivalent lights to 
illuminate her decks. 
(d) A vessel aground shall exhibit the lights prescribed in para-
graph (a) or (b) of this Rule and in addition, if practicable, where they 
can best be seen: 
(i) two all-round red lights in a vertical line; and 
(ii) three balls in a vertical line. 
(e) A vessel of less than 7 meters in length, when at anchor, not in 
or near a narrow channel, fairway, anchorage, or where other vessels 
normally navigate, shall not be required to exhibit the lights or shape 
prescribed in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule, 
(f) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length when aground shall not 
be required to exhibit the lights or shapes prescribed in subpara-
graphs (d) (i) and (ii) of this Rule. 
(g) A vessel of less than 20 meters in length, when at anchor in a 
special anchorage area designated by the Secretary, shall not be 
required to exhibit the anchor lights and shapes required by this 
Rule. 
RULE 31 
Seaplanes 
Where it is impracticable for a seaplane to exhibit lights and 
^^ USC 2031. 
shapes of the characteristics or in the positions prescribed in the 
Rules of this Part she shall exhibit lights and shapes as closely 
similar in characteristics and position as is possible. 
PART D—SOUND AND LIGHT SIGNALS 
RULE 32 
Definitions 
(a) The word "whistle" means any sound signaling appliance ^3 USC 2032. 
capable of producing the prescribed blasts and which complies with 
specifications in Annex III to these Rules. 
(b) The term "short blast" means a blast of about 1 second's 
duration. 
79-194 
0 - 8 1 - p t . 3 
50 : QL3 
94 STAT. 3430 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
(c) The term "prolonged blast" means a blast of from 4 to 6 seconds' 
duration. 
RULE 33 
Equipment for Sound Signals 
33 use 2033. 
(a) A vessel of 12 meters or more in length shall be provided with a 
whistle and a bell and a vessel of 100 meters or more in length shall, 
in addition, be provided with a gong, the tone and sound of which 
cannot be confused with that of the bell. The whistle, bell and gong 
shall comply with the specifications in Annex III to these Rules. The 
bell or gong or both may be replaced by other equipment having the 
same respective sound characteristics, provided that manual sound-
ing of the prescribed signals shall always be possible. 
0)) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to 
carry the sound signaling appliances prescribed in paragraph (a) of 
this Rule but if she does not, she shall be provided with some other 
means of making an efficient sound signal. 
RULE 34 
Maneuvering and Warning Signals 
33 use 2034. 
(a) When power-driven vessels are in sight of one another and 
meeting or crossing at a distance within half a mile of each other, 
each vessel underway, when maneuvering as authorized or required 
by these Rules: 
(i) shall indicate that maneuver by the following signals on her 
whistle: one short blast to mean "I intend to leave you on my port 
side"; two short blasts to mean "I intend to leave you on my 
starboard side"; and three short blasts to mean "I am operating 
astern propulsion". 
(ii) upon hearing the one or two blast signal of the other shall, 
if in agreement, sound the same whistle signal and take the steps 
necessary to effect a safe passing. If, however, from any cause, 
the vessel doubts the safety of the proposed maneuver, she shall 
sound the danger signal specified in paragraph (d) of this Rule 
and each vessel shall take appropriate precautionary action until 
a safe pgissing agreement is made. 
OJ) A vessel may supplement the whistle signals prescribed in 
paragraph (a) of this Rule by light signals: 
(i) These signals shall have the following significance: one flash 
to mean "I intend to leave you on my port side"; two flashes to 
mean 'T intend to leave you on my starboard side"; three flashes 
to mean "I am operating astern propulsion"; 
(ii) The duration of each flash shall be about 1 second; and 
(iii) The light used for this signal shall, if fitted, be one all-
round white or yellow light, visible at a minimum range of 2 
miles, synchronized with the whistle, and shall comply with the 
provisions of Annex I to these Rules. 
(c) When in sight of one another: 
(i) a power-driven vessel intending to overtake another power-
driven vessel shall indicate her intention by the following signals 
on her whistle: one short blast to mean 'T intend to overtake you 
on your starboard side"; two short blasts to mean 'T intend to 
overtake you on your port side"; and 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3431 
(ii) the power-driven vessel about to be overtaken shall, if in 
agreement, sound a similar sound signal. If in doubt she shall 
sound the danger signal prescribed in paragraph (d). 
(d) When vessels in sight of one another are approaching each other 
and from any cause either vessel fails to understand the intentions or 
actions of the other, or is in doubt whether sufficient action is being 
taken by the other to avoid collision, the vessel in doubt shall 
immediately indicate such doubt by giving at least five short and 
rapid blasts on the whistle. This signal may be supplemented by a 
light signal of at least five short and rapid flashes. 
(e) A vessel nearing a bend or an area of a channel or fairway where 
other vessels may be obscured by an intervening obstruction shall 
sound one prolonged blast. This signal shall be answered with a 
prolonged blast by any approaching vessel that may be within 
hearing around the bend or behind the intervening obstruction. 
(f) If whistles are fitted on a vessel at a distance apart of more than 
100 meters, one whistle only shall be used for giving maneuvering 
and warning signals. 
(g) When a power-driven vessel is leaving a dock or berth, she shall 
sound one prolonged blast. 
(h) A vessel that reaches agreement with another vessel in a 
meeting, crossing, or overtaking situation by using the radiotele-
phone as prescribed by the Bridge-to-Bridge Radiotelephone Act (85 
Stat. 165; 33 U.S.C. 1207), is not obliged to sound the whistle signals 
prescribed by this Rule, but may do so. If agreement is not reached, 
then whistle signals shall be exchanged in a timely manner and shall 
prevail. 
RULE 35 
Sound Signals in Restricted Visibility 
In or near an area of restricted visibility, whether by day or night, ^^ USC 2035. 
the signals prescribed in this Rule shall be used as follows: 
(a) A power-driven vessel making way through the water shall 
sound at intervals of not more than 2 minutes one prolonged blast. 
(b) A power-driven vessel underway but stopped and making no 
way through the water shall sound at intervals of not more than 2 
minutes two prolonged blasts in succession with an interval of about 
2 seconds between them. 
(c) A vessel not under command; a vessel restricted in her ability to 
maneuver, whether underway or at anchor; a sailing vessel; a vessel 
engaged in fishing, whether underway or at anchor; and a vessel 
engaged in towing or pushing another vessel shall, instead of the 
signals prescribed in paragraphs (a) or G
b
) of this Rule, sound at 
intervals of not more than 2 minutes, three blasts in succession; 
namely, one prolonged followed by two short blasts. 
(d) A vessel towed or if more than one vessel is towed the last vessel 
of the tow, if manned, shall at intervals of not more than 2 minutes 
sound four blasts in succession; namely, one prolonged followed by 
three short blasts. When practicable, this signal shall be made 
immediately after the signal made by the towing vessel. 
(e) When a pushing vessel and a vessel being pushed ahead are 
rigidly connected in a composite unit they shall be regarded as a 
power-driven vessel and shall give the signals prescribed in para-
graphs (a) or (b) of this Rule. 
(0 A vessel at anchor shall at intervals of not more than 1 minute 
ring the bell rapidly for about 5 seconds. In a vessel of 100 meters or 
more in length the bell shall be sounded in the forepart of the vessel 
94 STAT. 3432 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong shall be 
sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. A 
vessel at anchor may in addition sound three blasts in succession; 
namely, one short, one prolonged and one short blast, to give warning 
of her position and of the possibility of collision to an approaching 
vessel. 
(g) A vessel aground shall give the bell signal and if required the 
gong signal prescribed in paragraph (f) of this Rule and shall, in 
addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immedi-
ately before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground 
may in addition sound an appropriate whistle signal. 
(h) A vessel of less than 12 meters in length shall not be obliged to 
give the above-mentioned signals but, if she does not, shall make 
some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than 2 
minutes. 
(i) A pilot vessel when engaged on pilotage duty may in addition to 
the signals prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b) or (f) of this Rule sound an 
identity signal consisting of four short blasts. 
(j) The following vessels shall not be required to sound signals as 
prescribed in paragraph (f) of this Rule when anchored in a special 
anchorage area designated by the Secretary: 
(i) a vessel of less than 20 meters in length; and 
(ii) a barge, canal boat, scow, or other nondescript craft. 
RULE 36 
Signals To Attract Attention 
33 use 2036. 
If necessary to attract the attention of another vessel, any vessel 
may make light or sound signals that cannot be mistaken for any 
signal authorized elsewhere in these Rules, or may direct the beam of 
her searchlight in the direction of the danger, in such a way as not to 
embarrass any vessel. 
RULE 37 
Distress Signals 
33 use 2037. 
When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance she shall use or 
exhibit the signals described in Annex IV to these Rules. 
PART E—EXEMPTIONS 
RULE 38 
Exemptions 
33 use 2038. 
^j^y vessel or class of vessels, the keel of which is laid or which is at 
a corresponding stage of construction before the date of enactment of 
this Act, provided that she complies with the requirements of— 
(a) The Act of June 7, 1897 (80 Stat. 96), as amended (33 U.S.C. 
154-232) for vessels navigating the waters subject to that statute; 
(b) Section 4233 of the Revised Statutes (33 U.S.C. 301-356) for 
vessels navigating the waters subject to that statute; 
(c) The Act of February 8,1895 (28 Stat. 645), as amended (33 U.S.C. 
241-295) for vessels navigating the waters subject to that statute; or 
(d) Sections 3, 4, and 5 of the Act of April 25, 1940 (54 Stat. 163), as 
amended (46 U.S.C. 526 b, c, and d) for motorboats navigating the 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3433 
waters subject to that statute; shall be exempted from compliance 
with the technical Annexes to these Rules as follows: 
(i) the installation of lights with ranges prescribed in Rule 22, 
until 4 years after the effective date of these Rules, except that 
vessels of less than 20 meters in length are permanently exempt; 
(ii) the installation of lights with color specifications as pre-
scribed in Annex I to these Rules, until 4 years after the effective 
date of these Rules, except that vessels of less than 20 meters in 
length are permanently exempt; 
(iii) the repositioning of lights as a result of conversion to 
metric units and rounding off measurement figures, are perma-
nently exempt; and 
(iv) the horizontal repositioning of masthead lights prescribed 
by Annex I to these Rules: 
(1) on vessels of less than 150 meters in length, permanent 
exemption. 
(2) on vessels of 150 meters or more in length, until 9 years 
after the effective date of these Rules. 
(v) the restructuring or repositioning of all lights to meet the 
prescriptions of Annex I to these Rules, until 9 years after the 
effective date of these Rules; 
(vi) power-driven vessels of 12 meters or more but less than 20 
meters in length are permanently exempt from the provisions of 
Rule 23(a)(i) and 23(a)(iv) provided that, in place of these lights, 
the vessel exhibits a white light aft visible all round the horizon; 
and 
(vii) the requirements for sound signal appliances prescribed in 
Annex III to these Rules, until 9 years after the effective date of 
these Rules. 
SEC. 3. The Secretary may issue regulations necessary to imple-
ment and interpret this Act. The Secretary shall establish the 
following technical annexes to these Rules: Annex I, Positioning and 
Technical Details of Lights and Shapes; Annex II, Additional Signals 
for Fishing Vessels Fishing in Close Proximity; Annex III, Technical 
Details of Sound Appliances; and Annex IV, Distress Signals. These 
annexes shall be as consistent as possible with the respective annexes 
to the International Regulations. The Secretary may establish other 
technical annexes, including local pilot rules. 
SEC. 4. (a) Whoever operates a vessel in violation of this Act, or of 
any regulation issued thereunder, or in violation of a certificate of 
alternative compliance issued under Rule 1 is liable to a civil penalty 
of not more than $5,000 for each violation. 
(b) Every vessel subject to this Act, other than a public vessel being Civil penalties. 
used for noncommercial purposes, that is operated in violation of this 
Act, or of any regulation issued thereunder, or in violation of a 
certificate of alternative compliance issued under Rule 1 is liable to a 
civil penalty of not more than $5,000 for each violation, for which 
penalty the vessel may be seized and proceeded against in the district 
court of the United States of any district within which the vessel may 
be found. 
(c) The Secretary may assess any civil penalty authorized by this 
section. No such penalty may be assessed until the person charged, or 
the owner of the vessel charged, as appropriate, shall have been given 
notice of the violation involved and an opportunity for a hearing. For 
good cause shown, the Secretary may remit, mitigate, or compromise 
any penalty assessed. Upon the failure of the person charged, or the 
owner of the vessel charged, to pay an assessed penalty, as it may 
have been mitigated or compromised, the Secretary may request the 
Regulations. 
33 use 2071. 
Violations. 
33 use 2072. 
94 STAT. 3434 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
Rules of the 
Road Advisory 
Council. 
Establishment. 
33 use 2073. 
Termination. 
33 use 1604. 
33 u s e 1605. 
Attorney General to commence an action in the appropriate district 
court of the United States for collection of the penalty as assessed, 
without regard to the amount involved, together with such other 
relief as may be appropriate. 
(d) The Secretary of the Treasury shall withhold or revoke, at the 
request of the Secretary, the clearance, required by section 4197 of 
the Revised Statutes of the United States (46 U.S.C. 91) of any vessel, 
the owner or operator of which is subject to any of the penalties in 
this section. Clearance may be granted in such cases upon the filing of 
a bond or other surety satisfactory to the Secretary. 
SEC. 5. (a) The Secretary shall establish a Rules of the Road 
Advisory Council (hereinafter referred to as the Council) not exceed-
ing 21 members. To assure balanced representation, members shall 
be chosen, insofar as practical, from the following groups: (1) recog-
nized experts and leaders in organizations having an active interest 
in the Rules of the Road and vessel and port safety, (2) representa-
tives of owners and operators of vessels, professional mariners, 
recreational boaters, and the recreational boating industry, (3) indi-
viduals with an interest in maritime law, and (4) Federal and State 
officials with responsibility for vessel and port safety. Additional 
persons may be appointed to panels of the Council to assist the 
Council in the performance of its functions. 
(b) The Council shall advise, consult with, and make recommenda-
tions to the Secretary on matters relating to any major proposals for 
changes to the Inland Rules. The Council may recommend changes to 
the Inland Rules and International Regulations to the Secretary. Any 
advice or recommendation made by the Council to the Secretary shall 
reflect the independent judgment of the Council on the matter 
concerned. The Council shall meet at the call of the Secretary, but in 
any event not less than once during each calendar year. All proceed-
ings of the Council shall be public, and a record of the proceedings 
shall be made available for public inspection. 
(c) The Secretary shall furnish to the Council an executive secre-
tary and such secretarial, clerical, and other services as are deemed 
necessary for the conduct of its business. Members of the Council who 
are not officers or employees of the United States shall, while 
attending meetings of the Council or while otherwise engaged in the 
business of the Council, be entitled to receive compensation at a rate 
fixed by the Secretary, not exceeding the daily equivalent of the 
current rate of basic pay in effect for GS-18 of the General Schedule 
under section 5332 of title 5, United States Code, including travel-
time; and while away from their home or regular place of business, 
they may be allowed travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of 
subsistence, as authorized by section 5703 of title 5, United States 
Code. Payments under this section shall not render members of the 
Council officers or employees of the United States for any purpose. 
(d) Unless extended by subsequent Act of Congress, the Council 
shall terminate 5 years from the date of enactment of this Act. 
SEC. 6. The International Navigational Rules Act of 1977 (91 Stat. 
308; 33 U.S.C. 1601), is amended as follows: 
(1) in section 5 by amending subsection (a) to read as follows: 
"The International Regulations do not apply to vessels 
while in the waters of the United States shoreward of the 
navigational demarcation lines dividing the high seas from 
harbors, rivers, and other inland waters of the United 
States."; 
(2) in section 6, by adding a new subsection (d) as follows: 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
94 STAT. 3435 
"(d) A certification authorized by this section may be 
issiisd for s. cld.ss of VGSSGIS 
(3) in subsection (a) of section 9 by striking "$500" and 33 use 1
6
0
8 
inserting in lieu thereof "$5,000". 
(4) in subsection (b) of section 9 by striking "$500" and 
inserting in lieu thereof "not more than $5,000". 
SEC. 7. Sections 2, 4, 6(1), and 8(a) are effective 12 months after the 
date of enactment of this Act, except that on the Great Lakes, the 
effective date of sections 2 and 4 will be established by the Secretary. 
Section 5 is effective October 1,1981. 
SEC. 8. (a) The laws specified in the following schedules are 
repealed. Any prior rights or liabilities existing under these laws are 
not affected by their repeal. 
33 u s e 2001 
note. 
Repeals. 
33 u s e 2001 
note. 
SEC. 
4233. 
SEC. 
4233A. 
SEC. 
4233B. 
SEC. 
4233C. 
REVISED STATUTES 
Date 
Chapter 
Statutes at Large, sections 
Volume 
Page 
1890: 
Aug. 19. 
1893: 
Mar. 
3
.
.
. 
1895: 
Feb. 19.. 
1897: 
Mar. 
3 
June 
7 
1900:Feb. 19.. 
1905:Mar. 3... 
1914: May 25.. 
1933: Mar. 1... 
1935: Aug. 21. 
1936: May 20.. 
1940: 
Apr. 22 
Apr. 25 
1945: Dec. 3.... 
1948: 
Mar. 5 
May 21 
1953: Aug. 8... 
1956: June 4... 
802 
202 
102 1,3,4 
389 
5,12,13. 
4 
22 
1457 To.."!!!....". 
98 
157 
595 
2,3,4,5. 
433 
128 1,3 
155 3,4,5 
511 1, 2 
99 
328 
386 
353 
26 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
33 
38 
47 
49 
49 
54 
54 
59 
62 
62 
67 
70 
320 
557 
672 
689 
96 
30 
1032 
381 
1417 
669 
1367 
150 
1
6
4 
590 
69 
249 
497 
228 
Date 
Public Law 
Sections 
Volume 
Page 
1958: 
Aug. 14 
Aug. 14 
1963: 
Aug. 5 
Oct. 30 
1966: Nov. 5. 
85-635 
72 
590 
85-656 
72 
612 
88-84 
77 
116 
88-163 
77 
281 
89-764 1,2,5,6 
80 
1313 
(b) The following laws are repealed when the Secretary establishes 
an effective date under section 7. 
Repeals. 
94 STAT. 3436 
PUBLIC LAW 96-591—DEC. 24, 1980 
Date 
Chapter 
Statutes at Large, sections 
Volume 
1895: 
Feb. 
8
.
.
.
. 
1928: 
May 17.. 
May 17.. 
1929: 
Feb. 
28.. 
1932: 
May 
9
.
.
.
. 
1940: 
Apr. 
22.. 
1948: 
Mar. 18. 
64 
28 
645 
600 
45 
592 
601 
45 
593 
370 
45 
1405 
175 
47 
152 
128 2 
54 
150 
138 
62 
82 
Date 
1958: Mar. 28 
1966: Nov. 5 
Public Law 
85-350 
89-764 3,4.. 
Sections 
Volume 
72 
80 
Page 
49 
1313 
SEC. 9. Section 2(c) of the Act of February 19,1895 (28 Stat. 672), as 
amended (33 U.S.C. 151), is amended by striking the words "the Canal 
Zone,". 
Approved December 24, 1980. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY: 
SENATE REPORT No. 96-979 (Comm. on Commerce, Science, and Transportation). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 126 (1980): 
June 23, considered and passed House. 
Sept. 30, considered and passed Senate, amended. 
Nov. 19, House concurred in certain Senate amendments and disagreed to 
Senate amendment No. 70. 
Dec. 8, Senate receded from its amendment No. 70. 
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 16, No. 52: 
Dec. 24, Presidential statement.