Economic Espionage Act of 1996
PL 104-294 (H.R.3723), enacted 10/11/1996

110 STAT. 3488 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
Public Law 104-294 
104th Congress 
An Act 
Oct. 11, 1996 
To amend title 18, United States Code, to protect proprietary economic information, 
[H.R. 3723] 
^^^ ^°^ other purposes. 
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives 
of 
Economic 
the United States of America in Congress assembled, 
Esp^nage Act of 
g^cTlON 1. SHORT TITLE. 
18 use 1 note. 
j ; ^ ^ ^^^ ^^^^ y^^ ^-^g^j ^^ ^ ^ "Economic Espionage Act of 
1996". 
TITLE I—PROTECTION OF TRADE 
SECRETS 
SEC. 101. PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS. 
(a) IN GENERAL.—Title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after chapter 89 the following: 
"CHAPTER 90—PROTECTION OF TRADE SECRETS 
"Sec. 
"1831. Economic espionage. 
"1832. Theft of trade secrets. 
"1833. Exceptions to prohibitions. 
"1834. Criminal forfeiture. 
"1835. Orders to preserve confidentiality. 
"1836. Civil proceedings to ei\join violations. 
"1837. Conduct outside the United States. 
"1838. Construction with other laws. 
"1839. Definitions. 
*
*
§ 1831. Economic espionage 
"(a) IN GENERAL.—^Whoever, intending or knowing that the 
offense will benefit any foreign government, foreign instrmnentality, 
or foreign agent, knowingly— 
"(1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, 
carries away, or conceals, or by fraud, artifice, or deception 
obtains a trade secret; 
"(2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, 
draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photo-
copies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, commu-
nicates, or conveys a trade secret; 
"(3) receives, buys, or possesses a trade secret, knowing 
the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or 
converted without authorization; 
"(4) attempts to commit any offense described in any of 
paragraphs (1) through (3); or 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3489 
"(5) conspires with one or more other persons to commit 
any offense described in any of paragraphs (1) through (3), 
and one or more of such persons do any act to effect the 
object of the conspiracy, 
shall, except as provided in subsection (b), be fined not more than 
$500,000 or imprisoned not more than 15 years, or both. 
"(b) ORGANIZATIONS.—^Any organization that commits any 
offense described in subsection (a) shall be fined not more than 
$10,000,000. 
"§ 1832. Theft of trade secrets 
"(a) Whoever, with intent to convert a trade secret, that is 
related to or included in a product that is produced for or placed 
in interstate or foreign commerce, to the economic benefit of anyone 
other thsui the owner thereof, and intending or knowing that the 
offense will, injure any owner of that trade secret, knowingly— 
"(1) steals, or without authorization appropriates, takes, 
carries away, or conceals, or by fi*aud, artifice, or deception 
obtains such information; 
"(2) without authorization copies, duplicates, sketches, 
draws, photographs, downloads, uploads, alters, destroys, photo-
copies, replicates, transmits, delivers, sends, mails, commu-
nicates, or conveys such information; 
"(3) receives, buys, or possesses such information, knowing 
the same to have been stolen or appropriated, obtained, or 
converted without authorization; 
"(4) attempts to commit any offense described in para-
graphs (1) through (3); or 
"(5) conspires with one or more other persons to commit 
any offense described in paragraphs (1) through (3), and one 
or more of such persons do £uiy act to effect the object of 
the conspiracy, 
shall, except as provided in subsection (b), be fined under this 
title or imprisoned not more than 10 years, or both. 
"(b) Any organization that commits any offense described in 
subsection (a) shall be fined not more than $5,000,000. 
*
*
§ 1833. Exceptions to prohibitions 
"This chapter does not prohibit— 
"(1) any otherwise lawfiil activity conducted by a govern-
mental entity of the United States, a State, or a poUtical 
subdivision of a State; or 
"(2) the reporting of a suspected violation of law to any 
governmental entity of the United States, a State, or a political 
subdivision of a State, if such entity has lawfiil authority with 
respect to that violation. 
"
*
§ 1834. Criminal forfeiture 
"(a) The court, in imposing sentence on a person for a violation 
of this chapter, shall order, in addition to any other sentence 
imposed, that the person forfeit to the United States— 
"(1) any property constituting, or derived firom, any 
proceeds the person obtained, directly or indirectly, as the 
result of such violation; and 
"(2) any of the person's property used, or intended to be 
used, in any manner or part, to commit or facilitate the commis-
sion of such violation, if the court in its discretion so determines. 
110 STAT. 3490 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
taking into consideration the nature, scope, and proportionality 
of the use of the property in the offense, 
"(b) Property subject to forfeiture under this section, any seizure 
and disposition thereof, and any administrative or judicial proceed-
ing in relation thereto, shall be governed by section 413 of the 
Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 
(21 U.S.C, 853), except for subsections (d) and (j) of such section, 
which shall not apply to forfeitures under this section. 
*
*
§ 1835. Orders to preserve confidentiality 
"In £iny prosecution or other proceeding under this chapter, 
the court shall enter such orders and take such other action as 
may be necessary and appropriate to preserve the confidentiality 
of trade secrets, consistent with the requirements of the Federal 
Rules of Criminal and Civil Procedure, the Federal Rules of Evi-
dence, and all other applicable laws. An interlocutory appeal by 
the United States shall lie fi*om a decision or order of a district 
court authorizing or directing the disclosure of any trade secret. 
'*§ 1836. Civil proceedings to ei^oin violations 
"(a) The Attorney General may, in a civil action, obtain appro-
priate injunctive relief against any violation of this section. 
"(b) The district courts of the United States shall have exclusive 
original jurisdiction of civil actions under this subsection. 
^'§1837. Applicability to conduct outside the United States 
This chapter also applies to conduct occurring outside the 
United States if— 
"(1) the offender is a natural person who is a citizen or 
permanent resident alien of the United States, or an organiza-
tion organized under the laws of the United States or a State 
or political subdivision thereof; or 
"(2) an act in furtheremce of the offense was committed 
in the United States. 
*
*
§ 1838. Construction with other laws 
"This chapter shall not be construed to preempt or displace 
any other remedies, whether civil or criminal, provided by United 
States Federal, State, commonwealth, possession, or territory law 
for the misappropriation of a trade secret, or to affect the otherwise 
lawful disclosure of information by any Government employee under 
section 552 of title 5 (commonly known as the Freedom of Informa-
tion Act). 
''§ 1839. Definitions 
"As used in this chapter— 
"(1) the term 'foreign instrumentality means any agency, 
bureau, ministry, component, institution, association, or any 
legal, commercial, or business organization, corporation, firm, 
or entity that is substantially owned, controlled, sponsored, 
commanded, managed, or dominated by a foreign government; 
"(2) the term 'foreign agent' means any officer, employee, 
proxy, servant, delegate, or representative of a foreign govern-
ment; 
"(3) the term 'trade secret' means all forms and types 
of 
financial, 
business, scientific, 
technical, 
economic, or 
engineering information, including patterns, plans, compila-
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3491 
tions, program devices, formulas, designs, prototypes, methods, 
techniques, processes, procedures, programs, or codes, whether 
tangible or intangible, and whether or how stored, compiled, 
or memorialized physically, electronically, graphically, photo-
graphically, or in writing if— 
"(A) the owner thereof has taken reasonable measures 
to keep such information secret; and 
"(B) the information derives independent economic 
value, actual or potential, from not being generally known 
to, £mid not being readily ascertainable through proper 
means by, the public; and 
"(4) the term 'owner', with respect to a trade secret, means 
the person or entity in whom or in which rightful legal or 
equitable title to, or license in, the trade secret is reposed.". 
(b) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of chapters at the begin-
ning part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after the item relating to chapter 89 the following: 
"90. Protection of trade secrets 
1831". 
(c) REPORTS.—Not later than 2 years and 4 years after the 42USC10604 
date of the enactment of this Act, the Attorney General shall i^ote. 
report to Congress on the amounts received and distributed from 
fines for offenses under this chapter deposited in the Crime Victims 
Fund established by section 1402 of the Victims of Crime Act 
of 1984 (42 U.S.C. 10601). 
SEC. 102. WIRE AND ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS INTERCEPTION 
AND INTERCEPTION OF ORAL COMMUNICATIONS. 
Section 2516(l)(c) of title 18, United States Code, is eimended 
by inserting "chapter 90 (relating to protection of trade secrets)," 
after "chapter 37 (relating to espionage),". 
TITLE 
II—NATIONAL 
INFORMATION 
INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION ACT 
OF 1996. 
SEC. 201. COMPUTER CRIME. 
Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is eunended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) in paragraph (1)— 
(i) by striking "knowingly accesses" and inserting 
"having knowingly accessed ; 
(ii) by striking "exceeds" and inserting "exceeding"; 
(iii) by striking "obtains information" and inserting 
"having obtained information"; 
(iv) by striking "the intent or"; 
(v) by striking "is to be used" and inserting "could 
be used"; and 
(vi) by inserting before the semicolon at the end 
the following: "willfully communicates, delivers, trans-
mits, or causes to be communicated, delivered, or 
transmitted, or attempts to commimicate, deliver, 
transmit or cause to be communicated, delivered, or 
transmitted the same to any person not entitled to 
receive it, or willfully retains the same and fails to 
29-194 O - 96 - 14 : QL 3 Part 5 
110 STAT. 3492 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
deliver it to the officer or employee of the United 
States entitled to receive it"; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking "obtains information" and inserting 
"obtains— 
"(A) information"; and 
(ii) by adding at the end the following new sub-
paragraphs: 
"(B) information from any department or agency of 
the United States; or 
"(C) information from any protected computer if the 
conduct involved an interstate or foreign communication;"; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) by inserting "nonpublic" before "computer of 
a department or agency"; 
(ii) by striking "adversely"; and 
(iii) by striking "the use of the Grovemment's oper-
ation of such computer" and inserting "that use by 
or for the Government of the United States"; 
(D) in paragraph (4)— 
(i) by striking "Federal interest" and inserting 
"protected"; and 
(ii) by inserting before the semicolon the following: 
"and the value of such use is not more than $5,000 
in any 1-year period"; 
(E) by striking paragraph (5) and inserting the 
following: 
"(5)(A) knowingly causes the transmission of a program, 
information, code, or command, and as a result of such conduct, 
intentionally causes damage without authorization, to a pro-
tected computer; 
"(B) intentionally accesses a protected computer without 
authorization, and as a result of such conduct, recklessly causes 
damage; or 
"(C) intentionally accesses a protected computer without 
authorization, and as a result of such conduct, causes damage;"; 
and 
(F) by inserting after paragraph (6) the following new 
paragraph: 
"(7) with intent to extort from any person, firm, association, 
educational institution, financial institution, government entity, 
or other legal entity, any money or other thing of value, 
transmits in interstate or foreign commerce siny communication 
containing any threat to cause damage to a protected com-
puter;"; 
(2) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "such subsection" 
each place that term appears and inserting "this section"; 
(B) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) by inserting ", (a)(5)(C)," after "(a)(3)"; and 
(II) by striking "such subsection" and inserting 
"this section"; 
(ii) by redesignating subparagraph (B) as subpara-
graph (C); 
(iii) by inserting immediately after subpeiragraph 
(A) the following: 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3493 
"(B) a fine under this title or imprisonment for not 
more than 5 years, or both, in the case of an offense 
under subsection (a)(2), if— 
"(i) the offense was committed for purposes of 
commercial advantage or private financial gain; 
"(ii) the offense was committed in furtherance of 
any criminal or tortious act in violation of the 
Constitution or laws of the United States or of any 
State; or 
"(iii) the value of the information obtedned exceeds 
$5,000;"; and 
(iv) in subparagraph (C) (as redesignated)— 
(I) by striking "such subsection" and inserting 
"this section"; £ind 
(II) by adding "and" at the end; 
(C) in paragraph (3)— 
(i) in subparagraph (A)— 
(I) by striking "(a)(4) or (a)(5)(A)" and inserting 
"(a)(4), (a)(5)(A), (a)(5)(B), or (a)(7)"; and 
(II) by striking "such subsection" and inserting 
"this section"; and 
(ii) in subparagraph (B)— 
(I) by striking "(a)(4) or (a)(5)" and inserting 
"(a)(4), (a)(5)(A), (a)(5)(B), (a)(5)(C), or (a)(7)"; and 
(II) by striking "such subsection" and inserting 
"this section"; and 
(D) by striking paragraph (4); 
(3) in subsection (d), by inserting "subsections (a)(2)(A), 
(a)(2)(B), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), and (a)(6) of before "this section."; 
(4) in subsection (e)— 
(A) in paragraph (2)— 
(i) by striking "Federal interest" and inserting 
"protected"; 
(ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking "the use of 
the 
financial 
institution's 
operation 
or 
the 
Government's operation of such computer" and insert-
ing "that use by or for the financial institution or 
the Government"; and 
(iii) by striking subparagraph (B) and inserting 
the following: 
"(B) which is used in interstate or foreign commerce 
or communication;"; 
(B) in paragraph (6), by striking "and" at the end; 
(C) in paragraph (7), by striking the period at the 
end and inserting "; and"; and 
(D) by adding at the end the following new paragraphs: 
"(8) the term 'damage' means any impairment to the 
integrity or availability of data, a progrson, a system, or 
information, that— 
"(A) causes loss aggregating at least $5,000 in value 
during any l-ye£ir period to one or more individuals; 
"(B) mocfifies or impairs, or potentially modifies or 
impairs, the medical examination, diagnosis, treatment, 
or care of one or more individuals; 
"(C) causes physical injury to any person; or 
"(D) threatens public health or safety; and 
110 STAT. 3494 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
"(9) the term 'government entity includes the Government 
of the United States, any State or political subdivision of the 
United States, any foreign country, and any state, province, 
municipality, or other political subdivision of a foreign coun-
try."; and 
(5) in subsection (g)— 
(A) by striking ", other than a violation of subsection 
(a)(5)(B),"; and 
(B) by striking "of any subsection other than subsection 
(a)(5)(A)(ii)(II)(bb) or (a)(5)(BXii)(II)(bb)" and 
inserting 
"involving damage as defined in subsection (e)(8)(A)". 
TITLE 
III—TRANSFER 
OF 
PERSONS 
FOUND NOT GUILTY BY REASON OF 
INSANITY 
SEC. 301. TRANSFER OF PERSONS FOUND NOT GUILTY BY REASON 
OF INSANITY. 
(a) AMENDMENT OF SECTION 4243 OF TITLE 18.—Section 4243 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following new subsection: 
"(i) 
CERTAIN I*ERSONS FOUND NOT GUILTY BY REASON OF 
INSANITY IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.— 
"(1) TRANSFER TO CUSTODY OF THE ATTORNEY GENERAL.— 
Notwithstanding section 301(h) of title 24 of the District of 
Columbia Code, and notwithstanding subsection 4247(j) of this 
title, all persons who have been committed to a hospital for 
the mentally ill pursuant to section 301(d)(1) of title 24 of 
the District of Columbia Code, and for whom the United States 
has continuing financial responsibility, may be transferred to 
the custody of the Attorney General, who shall hospitalize 
the person for treatment in a suitable facility. 
"(2) APPLICATION.— 
"(A) IN GENERAL.—^The Attorney General may establish 
custody over such i)ersons by filing an application in the 
United States District Court for the District of Columbia, 
demonstrating that the person to be transferred is a person 
•
- 
described in this subsection. 
"(B) NOTICE.—The Attorney General shall, by any 
means reasonably designed to do so, provide written notice 
of the proposed transfer of custody to such person or such 
persons guardian, legal representative, or other lawful 
agent. The person to be transferred shall be afforded an 
opportunity, not to exceed 15 days, to respond to the pro-
E
osed transfer of custody, and may, at the court's discretion, 
e afforded a hearing on the proposed transfer of custody! 
Such hearing, if granted, shall be limited to a determination 
of whether the constitutional rights of such person would 
be violated by the proposed transfer of custody. 
"(C) 
ORDER.—Upon 
application 
of the 
Attorney 
General, the court shall order the person transferred to 
the custody of the Attorney General, unless, pursuant to 
a hearing under this paragraph, the court finds that the 
proposed transfer would violate a right of such person 
under the United States Constitution. 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3495 
"(D) EFFECT.—Nothing in this paragraph shall be con-
strued to— 
"(i) create in any person a liberty interest in being 
granted a hearing or notice on any matter; 
"(ii) create in favor of any person a cause of action 
against the United States or any officer or employee 
of the United States; or 
"(iii) limit in any manner or degree the ability 
of the Attorney General to move, transfer, or otherwise 
manage any person committed to the custody of the 
Attorney General. 
"(3) CONSTRUCTION WITH OTHER SECTIONS.—Subsections (f) 
and (g) and section 4247 shall apply to any person transferred 
to the custody of the Attorney General pursuant to this sub-
section.". 
(b) TRANSFER OF RECORDS.—Notwithstanding any provision of 
18 use 4243 
the District of Columbia Code or any other provision of law, the ^^te. 
District of Columbia and St. Elizabeth's Hospital— 
(1) not later than 30 days after the date of enactment 
of this Act, shall provide to the Attorney General copies of 
all records in the custody or control of the District or the 
Hospital on such date of enactment pertaining to persons 
described in section 4243(i) of title 18, United States Code 
(as added by subsection (a)); 
(2) not later than 30 days after the creation of any records 
by employees, agents, or contractors of the District of Columbia 
or of St. Elizabeth's Hospital pertaining to persons described 
in section 4243(i) of title 18, United States Code, provide to 
the Attorney General copies of all such records created after 
the date of enactment of this Act; 
(3) shall not prevent or impede any employee, agent, or 
contractor of the District of Columbia or of St. Elizabeth's 
Hospital who has obtained knowledge of the persons described 
in section 4243(i) of title 18, United States Code, in the 
employee's professional capacity from providing that knowledge 
to the Attorney General, nor shall civil or criminal liability 
attach to such employees, agents, or contractors who provide 
such knowledge; and 
(4) shall not prevent or impede interviews of persons 
described in section 4243(i) of title 18, United States Code, 
by representatives of the Attorney General, if such persons 
voliuitarily consent to such interviews. 
(c) 
CLARIFICATION 
OF EFFECT 
ON CERTAIN 
TESTIMONIAL 
IS use 4243 
PRIVILEGES.—^The amendments made by this section shall not be note, 
construed 
to affect 
in any manner 
any doctor-patient 
or 
psychotherapist-patient testimonial privilege that may be otherwise 
applicable to persons found not guilty by reason of insanity and 
greeted by this section. 
(d) SEVERABILITY.—If any provision of this section, an amend- 
I8 use 4243 
ment made by this section, or the application of such provision note. 
or amendment to any person or circumstance is held to be unconsti-
tutional, the remainder of this section and the amendments made 
by this section shall not be affected thereby. 
110 STAT. 3496 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
TITLE IV—ESTABLISHMENT OF BOYS 
AND GIRLS CLUBS. 
42 use 13751 
SEC. 401. ESTABLISHING BOYS AND GIRLS CLUBS. 
^^' 
(a) FINDINGS AND PURPOSE.— 
(1) FINDINGS.—The Congress finds that— 
(A) the Boys £ind Girls Clubs of America, chartered 
by an Act of Congress on December 10, 1991, during its 
90-year history as a national organization, has proven itself 
as a positive force in the communities it serves; 
(B) there are 1,810 Boys and Girls Clubs facilities 
throughout the United States, Puerto Rico, and the United 
States Virgin Islands, serving 2,420,000 youths nationwide; 
(C) 71 percent of the yoxmg people who benefit fi*om 
Boys and Girls Clubs programs live in our inner cities 
and urban areas; 
(D) Boys and Girls Clubs are locally run and have 
been exceptionally successful in balancing public funds with 
private sector donations and maximizing 
community 
involvement; 
(E) Boys and Girls Clubs are located in 289 public 
housing sites across the Nation; 
(F) public housing projects in which there is an active 
Boys and Girls Club nave experienced a 25 percent reduc-
tion in the presence of crack cocaine, a 22 percent reduction 
in overall drug activity, and a 13 percent reduction in 
juvenile crime; 
(G) these results have been achieved in the face of 
national trends in which overall drug use by youth has 
increased 105 percent since 1992 and 10.9 percent of the 
Nation's young people use drugs on a monthly basis; and 
(H) many public housing projects and other distressed 
areas are still underserved by Boys and Girls Clubs. 
(2) PURPOSE.—It is the purpose of this section to provide 
adequate resources in the form of seed money for the Boys 
and Girls Clubs of America to establish 1,000 additional local 
Boys and Girls Clubs in public housing projects and other 
distressed areas by 2001. 
(b) DEFINITIONS.—For purposes of this section— 
(1) the terms "public housing" and "project" have the same 
meanings as in section 3(b) of the United States Housing Act 
of 1937; and 
(2) the term "distressed area" means an urbeui, suburban, 
or rural area with a high percentage of high risk youth as 
defined in section 509A of the Public Health Service Act (42 
U.S.C. 290aa-8(f)). 
(c) ESTABLISHMENT.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—For each of the fiscal years 1997, 1998, 
1999, 2000, and 2001, the Director of the Bureau of Justice 
Assistance of the Department of Justice shall provide a grant 
to the Boys and Girls Clubs of America for the purpose of 
establishing Boys and Girls Clubs in public housing projects 
emd other distressed areas. 
(2) 
CONTRACTING AUTHORITY.—Where appropriate, 
the 
Secretary of Housing and Urban Development, in consultation 
with the Attorney General, shall enter into contracts with the 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3497 
Boys and Girls Clubs of America to establish clubs pursuant 
to the grants under paragraph (1). 
(d) REPORT.—Not later than May 1 of each fiscal year for 
which amounts are made available to carry out this Act, the Attor-
ney General shall submit to the Committees on the Judiciary of 
the Senate and the House of Representatives a report that detsdls 
the progress made under this Act in establishing Boys and Girls 
Clubs in public housing projects and other distressed areas, and 
tiie effectiveness of the programs in reducing drug abuse and 
juvenile crime. 
(e) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— 
(1) IN GENERAL.—There are authorized to be appropriated 
to carry out this section— 
(A) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1997; 
(B) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1998; 
(C) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 1999; 
(D) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2000; and 
(E) $20,000,000 for fiscal year 2001. 
(2) VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION TRUST FUND.—The sums 
authorized to be appropriated by this subsection may be made 
fi*om the Violent Crime Reduction Trust Fund. 
TITLE 
V—USE 
OF CERTAIN 
TECH-
NOLOGY TO FACILITATE CRIMINAL 
CONDUCT 
SEC. 501. USE OF CERTAIN TECHNOLOGY TO FACIUTATE CRIMINAL 
18 USC 3552 
CONDUCT. 
note. 
(a) INFORMATION.—The Administrative Office of the United 
States courts shall establish policies and procediu'es for the 
inclusion in all presentence reports of information that specifically 
identifies and describes any use of encryption or scrambling tech-
nology that would be relevant to an enhancement under section 
3C1.1 (dealing with Obstructing or Impeding the Administration 
of Justice) of the Sentencing Guidelines or to offense conduct under 
the Sentencing Guidelines. 
(b) COMPILING AND REPORT.—The United States Sentencing 
Commission shall— 
(1) compile and analyze any information contained in docu-
mentation described in subsection (a) relating to the use of 
encryption or scrambling technology to facilitate or conceal 
criminal conduct; and 
(2) based on the information compiled and analyzed under 
paragraph (1), annually report to the Congress on the nature 
and extent of the use of encryption or scrambling technology 
to facihtate or conceal criminal conduct. 
— 
TITLE VI—TECHNICAL AND MINOR 
AMENDMENTS 
SEC. 601. GENERAL TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS. 
(a) FURTHER CORRECTIONS TO MISLEADING FINE AMOUNTS AND 
RELATED TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS.— 
110 STAT. 3498 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
(1) Sections 152, 153, 154, and 610 of title 18, United 
States Code, are each amended by striking "fined not more 
than $5,000" and inserting "fined under this title". 
(2) Section 970(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "fined not more than $500" and inserting 
"fined under this title", 
(3) Sections 661, 1028(b), 1361, and 2701(b) of title 18, 
United States Code, are each amended by striking "fine of 
under" each place it appears and inserting "fine under . 
(4) Section 3146(b)(l)(A)(iv) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking "a fined imder this title" and inserting 
"a fine imder this title . 
(5) The section 1118 of title 18, United States Code, that 
was enacted by Public Law 103-333— 
(A) is redesignated as section 1122; and 
(B) is amended in subsection (c) by— 
(i) inserting "under this title" after "fine"; and 
(ii) striking "nor more than $20,000". 
(6) The table of sections at the beginning of chapter 51 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the 
end the following new item: 
"1122. Protection against the human immunodeficiency virus.". 
(7) Sections 1761(a) and 1762(b) of title 18, United States 
Code, are each eimended by striking "fined not more them 
$50,000" and inserting "fined under this title". 
(8) Sections 1821, 1851, 1852, 1853, 1854, 1905, 1916, 
1918, 1991, 2115, 2116, 2191, 2192, 2194, 2199, 2234, 2235, 
and 2236 of title 18, United States Code, are each amended 
by striking "fined not more than $1,000" each place it appears 
and inserting "fined under this title". 
(9) Section 1917 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "fined not less than $100 nor more than $1,000" 
and inserting "fined under this title not less than $100". 
(10) Section 1920 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by striking "of not more than $250,000" and 
inserting "under this title"; and 
(B) by striking "of not more than $100,000" and 
inserting "under this title". 
(11) Section 2076 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "fined not more than $1,000 or imprisoned 
not more than one year" and inserting "fined under this title 
or imprisoned not more than one year, or both". 
(12) Section 597 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "fined not more than $10,000" and inserting "fined 
under this title". 
(b) 
CROSS REFERENCE 
CORRECTIONS AND CORRECTIONS 
OF 
TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS.— 
(1) Section 3286 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by striking "2331" and inserting "2332"; 
(B) by striking "2339" and inserting "2332a"; and 
(C) by striking "36" and inserting "37". 
(2) Section 2339A(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by striking "2331" and inserting "2332"; 
(B) by striking "2339" and inserting "2332a"; 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3499 
(C) by striking "36" and inserting "37"; and 
(D) by striking "of an escape" and inserting "or an 
escape". 
(3) Section 1961(1)(D) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "that title" and inserting "this title". 
(4) Section 2423(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "2245" and inserting "2246". 
(5) Section 3553(f) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "section 1010 or 1013 of the Controlled 
Substances Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 961, 963)" and 
inserting "section 1010 or 1013 of the Controlled Substances 
Import and Export Act (21 U.S.C. 960, 963)". 
(6) Section 3553(f)(4) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "21 U.S.C. 848" and inserting "section 
408 of the Controlled Substances Act". 
(7) Section 3592(c)(1) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "2339" and inserting "2332a". 
(c) SIMPLIFICATION AND CLARIFICATION OF WORDING.— 
(1) The third undesignated paragraph of section 5032 of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting "or as 
authorized under section 3401(g) of this title" after "shall 
proceed by information". 
(2) Section 1120 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "Federal prison" each place it appears and inserting 
"Federal correctional institution". 
(3) Section 247(d) of title 18, United States Code, is amend-
ed by striking "notification" £ind inserting "certification". 
(d) CORRECTION OF PARAGRAPH CONNECTORS.—Section 2516(1) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking "or" after the semicolon; 
and 
(2) in paragraph (n), by striking "and" where it appears 
after the semicolon and inserting "or". 
(e) CORRECTION CAPITALIZATION OF ITEMS IN LIST.—Section 
504 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in paragraph (1), by striking "the" the first place it 
appears and inserting "The"; and 
(2) in paragraph (3), by striking "the" the first place it 
-.^ appears and inserting "The". 
(f) CORRECTIONS OF PUNCTUATION AND OTHER ERRONEOUS 
FORM.— 
(1) Section 656 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
in the first paragraph by striking "Act,," and inserting "Act,". 
(2) Section 1114 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "1112." and inserting "1112,". 
(3) Section 504(3) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "importation, of and inserting "importa-
tion of. 
(4) Section 3059A(a)(l) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking "section 215 225,," and inserting "section 
215, 225,". 
(5) Section 3125(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking the close quotation mark at the end. 
(6) Section 1956(c)(7)(B)(iii) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking "1978)" and inserting "1978". 
110 STAT. 3500 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
(7) The item relating to section 656 in the table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 31 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by inserting a comma after "embezzlement". 
(8) The item relating to section 1024 in the table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 47 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking "veterans'" and inserting "veteran's". 
(9) Section 3182 (including the heading of such section) 
and the item relating to such section in the table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 209, of title 18, United States 
Code, are each amended by inserting a comma after "District" 
each place it appears. 
(10) The item relating to section 3183 in the table of 
sections at the beginning of chapter 209 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting a comma after "Territory". 
(11) The items relating to section 2155 and 2156 in the 
table of sections at the beginning of chapter 105 of title 18, 
United States Code, are each amended by striking "or" and 
inserting ", or". 
(12) The headings for sections 2155 and 2156 of title 18, 
United States Code, are each amended by striking "or" and 
inserting ", or". 
(13) Section 1508 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by realigning the matter beginning "shall be fined" 
and ending "one year, or both." so that it is flush to the 
left margin. 
(14) The item relating to section 4082 in the table of 
sections at the beginning of chapter 305 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by striking "centers," and inserting 
"centers'" 
(15)' Section 2101(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "(1)" and by redesignating subparagraphs 
(A) through (D) as paragraphs (1) through (4), respectively. 
(16) Section 5038 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "section 841, 952(a), 955, or 959 of title 
21" each place it appears aJid inserting "section 401 of the 
Controlled Substances Act or section 1001(a), 1005, or 1009 
of the Controlled Substances Import and Export Act", 
(g) CORRECTIONS OF PROBLEMS ARISING FROM UNCOORDINATED 
AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) SECTION 5032.—^The first undesignated paragraph of 
section 5032 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by inserting "section 922(x)" before "or section 
924(b)"; and 
(B) by striking "or (x)". 
(2) STRIKING MATERIAL UNSUCCESSFULLY ATTEMPTED TO BE 
STRICKEN FROM SECTION 1116 BY PUBLIC LAW 103-322.—SUB-
section (a) of section 1116 of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking ", except" and all that follows through 
the end of such subsection and inserting a period. 
(3) ELIMINATION OF DUPLICATE AMENDMENT IN SECTION 
1958.—-Section 1958(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "or who conspires to do so" where it 
appears following "or who conspires to do so" and inserting 
a comma. 
(h) INSERTION OF MISSING END QUOTE.—Section 80001(a) of 
18 use 3553. 
the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3501 
amended by inserting a close quotation mark followed by a period 
at the end. 
(i) 
REDESIGNATION OF DUPLICATE SECTION NUMBERS AND 
CONFORMING CLERICAL AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) REDESIGNATION.—That section 2258 added to title 18, 
United States Code, by section 160001(a) of the Violent Crime 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is redesignated as 
section 2260. 
(2) CONFORMING CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The item in the 
table of sections at the beginning of chapter 110 of title 18, 
United States Code, relating to the section redesignated by 
paragraph (1) is amended by striking "2258" and inserting 
"2260". 
(3) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO CROSS-REFERENCE.—Sec-
tion 1961(1)(B) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "2258" and inserting "2260". 
(j) 
REDESIGNATION OF DUPLICATE CHAPTER NUMBER AND 
CONFORMING CLERICAL AMENDMENT.— 
(1) REDESIGNATION.—The chapter 113B added to title 18, 
United States Code, by Public Law 103-236 is redesignated 
chapter 113C. 
(2) CONFORMING CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of 
chapters at the beginning of part I of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended in the item relating to the chapter redesig-
nated by paragraph (1)— 
(A) by striking "113B" and inserting "1130"; and 
(B) by striking "2340." and inserting "2340". 
(k) REDESIGNATION OF DUPLICATE PARAGRAPH NUMBERS AND 
CORRECTION OF PLACEMENT OF PARAGRAPHS IN SECTION 3563.— 
(1) REDESIGNATION.—Section 3563(a) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by redesignating the second paragraph 
(4) as paragraph (5). 
(2) CONFORMING CONNECTOR CHANGE.—Section 3563(a) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(A) by striking "and" at the end of paragraph 
(3); and 
(B) by striking the period at the end of paragraph 
(4) and inserting "; and". 
(3) PLACEMENT CORRECTION.—Section 3563(a) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended so that paragraph (4) and 
the paragraph redesignated as paragraph (5) by this subsection 
are transferred to appear in numerical order immediately 
following paragraph (3) of such section 3563(a). 
(1) REDESIGNATION OF DUPLICATE PARAGRAPH NUMBERS IN 
SECTION 1029 AND CONFORMING AMENDMENTS RELATED THERETO.— 
Section 1029 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (a)— 
(A) by redesignating those paragraphs (5) and (6) which 
were added by Public Law 103-414 as paragraphs (7) and 
(8), respectively; 
(B) by redesignating paragraph (7) as paragraph (9); 
(C) by striking "or" at the end of paragraph (6) and 
at the end of paragraph (7) as so redesignated by this 
subsection; sind 
(D) by inserting "or" at the end of paragraph (8) as 
so redesignated by this subsection; 
110 STAT. 3502 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
(2) in subsection (e), by redesignating the second paragraph 
(7) as paragraph (8); and 
(3) in subsection (c)— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "or (7)" and inserting 
"(7), (8), or (9)"; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking "or (6)" and inserting 
"(6), (7), or (8)". 
(m) INSERTION OF MISSING SUBSECTION HEADING.—Section 
1791(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
after "(c)" the following subsection heading: "CONSECUTIVE PUNISH-
MENT REQUIRED IN CERTAIN CASES.—". 
(n) CORRECTION OF MISSPELLING.—Section 2327(c) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking "delegee" each place 
it appears and inserting "designee". 
(o) CORRECTION OF SPELLING AND AGENCY REFERENCE.—Section 
5038(f) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking "juvenille" and inserting "juvenile", and 
(2) by striking "the Federal Bureau of Investigation, Identi-
fication Division," and inserting "the Federal Bureau of Inves-
tigation". 
(p) CORRECTING MISPLACED WORD.—Section 1028(a) of title 
18, United States Code, is amended by striking "or" at the end 
of paragraph (4) and inserting "or" at the end of paragraph (5). 
(q) STYLISTIC CORRECTION.—Section 37(c) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after "(c)" the following sub-
section heading: "BAR TO PROSECUTION.—". 
(r) MANDATORY VICTIM RESTITUTION ACT AMENDMENTS.— 
(1) ORDER OF RESTITUTION.—Section 3663(a)(1)(A) of title 
18, United States Code, is amended by adding at the end 
the following: "The court may also order, if agreed to by the 
parties in a plea agreement, restitution to persons other than 
the victim of the offense.". 
(2) FORFEITURE.—Section 3663(c)(4) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting "or chapter 96" after 
"under chapter 46". 
(3) ANIMAL ENTERPRISE TERRORISM.—Section 43(c) of title 
18, United States Code, is amended by inserting after "3663" 
the following: "or 3663A". 
(4) SPECL\L ASSESSMENT.—Section 3013(a)(2) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking "not less than" 
each place that term appears. 
(s) CLARIFICATIONS TO ANTITERRORISM AND EFFECTIVE DEATH 
PENALTY ACT OF 1996. 
(1) JURISDICTION.—Section 2332b(b)(l)(A) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by— 
(A) striking "any of the offenders uses"; and 
(B) inserting "is used" after "foreign commerce". 
(2) PROVIDING MATERIAL SUPPORT.—Section 2339A(a) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting "or an 
escape" after "concealment". 
(3) 
TECHNICAL 
AMENDMENTS.—Sections 
2339A(a) and 
2332b(g)(5)(B) of title 18, United States Code, are each amended 
by inserting at the appropriate place in each section's enumera-
tion of title 18 sections the following: "930(c),", "1992,", and 
"2332c,". 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3503 
SEC. 602. REPEAL OF OBSOLETE PROVISIONS IN TITLE 18. 
(a) SECTION 709 AMENDMENT.—Section 709 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by striking ''Whoever uses as a firm 
or business name the words 'Reconstruction Finance Corporation' 
or any combination or variation of these words—". 
(b) SECTION 1014 AMENDMENT.—Section 1014 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking "Reconstruction Finance Corporation,"; 
(2) by striking "Farmers' Home Corporation,"; and 
(3) by striking "of the National Agricultural 
Credit 
Corporation,". 
(c) SECTION 798 AMENDMENT.—Section 798(d)(5) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking "the Trust Territory 
of the Pacific Islands,". 
(d) SECTION 281 REPEAL.—Section 281 of title 18, United States 
Code, is repealed and the table of sections at the beginning of 
chapter 15 of such title is amended by striking the item relating 
to such section. 
(e) SECTION 510 AMENDMENT.—Section 510(b) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by striking "that in fact" and all that 
follows through "signature". 
SEC. 603. TECHNICAL AMENDMENTS RELATING TO CHAPTERS 40 AND 
44 OF TITLE 18. 
(a) ELIMINATION OF DOUBLE COMMAS IN SECTION 844.—Section 
844 of title 18, United States Code, is amended in subsection 
(i) by striking "„" each place it appears and inserting a comma. 
(b) REPLACEMENT OF COMMA WITH SEMICOLON IN SECTION 
922.—Section 922(g)(8)(C)(ii) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking the comma at the end and inserting a 
semicolon. 
(c) CLARIFICATION OF AMENDMENT TO SECTION 922.— 
(1) AMENDMENT.—Section 320927 of the Violent Crime 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-
322) is amended by inserting "the first place it appears" before 
18 USC 922. 
the period. 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph 
18 USC 922 note. 
(1) shall take effect as if the amendment had been included 
in section 320927 of the Act referred to in paragraph (1) on 
the date of the enactment of such Act. 
(d) STYLISTIC CORRECTION TO SECTION 922.—Section 922(t)(2) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking "section 
922(g)" and inserting "subsection (g)". 
(e) ELIMINATION OF UNNECESSARY WORDS.—Section 922(w)(4) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking "title 18, 
United States Code," and inserting "this title". 
(f) CLARIFICATION OF PLACEMENT OF PROVISION.— 
(1) AMENDMENT.—Section 110201(a) of the Violent Crime 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-
322) is amended by striking "adding at the end" and inserting 
18 USC 922. 
"inserting after subsection (w)". 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph 
18 USC 922 note. 
(1) shall take effect as if the amendment had been included 
in section 110201 of the Act referred to in paragraph (1) on 
the date of the enactment of such Act. 
110 STAT. 3504 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
(g) CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS IN LIST OF CERTAIN 
WEAPONS.—Appendix A to section 922 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended— 
(1) in the category designated 
"Centerfire Rifles—Lever & Slide", 
by striking 
"Uberti 1866 Sporting Rilfe" 
and inserting the following: 
"Uberti 1866 Sporting Rifle"; 
(2) in the category designated 
"Centerfire Rifles—Bolt Action", 
by striking 
"Sako Fiberclass Sporter" 
and inserting the following: 
"Sako FiberClass Sporter"; 
(3) in the category designated 
''Shotguns—Slide Actions", 
by striking 
"Remington 879 SPS Special Purpose Magnum" 
and inserting the following: 
"Remington 870 SPS Special Purpose Magnum" 
; and 
(4) in the category designated 
"Shotguns—Over/Unders", 
by striking 
"E.A.A/Sabatti Falcon-Mon Over/Under" 
and inserting the following: 
"E.A.A./Sabatti Falcon-Mon Over/Under". 
(h) INSERTION OF MISSING COMMAS.—Section 103 of the Brady 
Handgun Violence Prevention Act (18 U.S.C. 922 note; Public Law 
103-159) is amended in each of subsections (e)(1), (g), and (i)(2) 
by inserting a comma after "United States Code". 
(i) CORRECTION OF UNEXECUTABLE AMENDMENTS RELATING TO 
THE VIOLENT CRIME REDUCTION TRUST FUND.— 
(1) CORRECTION.—Section 210603(b) of the Violent Crime 
18 use 922 note. 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 is amended by strik-
ing "Fund," and inserting "Fund established by section 1115 
of title 31, United States Code,". 
18 use 922 note. 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph 
(1) shall tEike effect as if the amendment had been included 
in section 210603(b) of the Act referred to in paragraph (1) 
on the date of the enactment of such Act. 
(j) CORRECTION OF UNEXECUTABLE AMENDMENT TO SECTION 
923.— 
(1) CORRECTION.—Section 201(1) of the Act, entitled "An 
Act to provide for a waiting period before the purchase of 
a handgun, and for the establishment of a national instant 
criminal background check system to be contacted by firearms 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3505 
dealers before the transfer of any firearm." (Public Law 103-
159), is amended by striking "thereon," and inserting "thereon". 
18 USC 923. 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph 
18 USC 923 note. 
(1) shall take effect as if the amendment had been included 
in the Act referred to in paragraph (1) on the date of the 
enactment of such Act. 
(k) CORRECTION OF PUNCTUATION AND INDENTATION IN SECTION 
923.—Section 923(g)(l)(B)(ii) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking the period and inserting "; or"; and 
(2) by moving such clause 4 ems to the left. 
(1) 
REDESIGNATION OF 
SUBSECTION AND CORRECTION OF 
INDENTATION IN SECTION 923.—Section 923 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended— 
(1) by redesignating the last subsection as subsection 
(1); and 
(2) by moving such subsection 2 ems to the left. 
(m) CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERROR IN AMENDATORY 
PROVISION.— 
(1) CORRECTION.—Section 110507 of the Violent Crime 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-
322) is amended— 
18 USC 924. 
(A) by striking "924(a)" and inserting "924"; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking "subsections" and 
inserting "subsection". 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by paragraph 
18 USC 924 note. 
(1) shall take effect as if the amendments had been included 
in section 110507 of the Act referred to in paragraph (1) on 
the date of the enactment of such Act. 
(n) ELIMINATION OF DUPLICATE AMENDMENT.—Subsection (h) 
of section 330002 of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforce-
ment Act of 1994 is repealed and shall be considered never to 18 USC 924. 
have been enacted. 
(0) REDESIGNATION OF PARAGRAPH IN SECTION 924.—Section 
924(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by redesignating 
the second paragraph (5) as paragraph (6). 
(p) 
ELIMINATION OF COMMA 
ERRONEOUSLY INCLUDED IN 
AMENDMENT TO SECTION 924.— 
(1) AMENDMENT.—Section 110102(c)(2) of the Violent Crime 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (Public Law 103-
322) is amended by striking "shotgun," and inserting "shotgun". 
18 USC 924. 
(2) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendment made by paragraph 
18 use 924 note. 
(1) shall take effect as if the amendment had been included 
in section 110102(c)(2) of the Act referred to in paragraph 
i-
(1) on the date of the enactment of such Act. 
(q) INSERTION OF CLOSE PARENTHESIS IN SECTION 924.—Section 
924(j)(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by inserting 
a close parenthesis before the comma. 
(r) REDESIGNATION OF SUBSECTIONS IN SECTION 924.—Section 
924 of title 18, United States Code, is amended by redesignating 
the second subsection (i), and subsections (j), (k), (1), (m), and 
(n) as subsections (j), (k), (1), (m), (n), and (o), respectively. 
(s) 
CORRECTION 
OF 
ERRONEOUS 
CROSS 
REFERENCE 
IN 
AMENDATORY PROVISION.—Section 110504(a) of the Violent Crime 
Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 (PubHc Law 103-322) 18USC924. 
is amended by striking "110203(a)" and inserting "110503". 
110 STAT. 3506 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
(t) CORRECTION OF CROSS REFERENCE IN SECTION 930.—Section 
930(e)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking 
"(c)" and inserting "(d)". 
(u) CORRECTION OF CROSS REFERENCES IN SECTION 930.—The 
last subsection of section 930 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(1) by striking "(g)" and inserting "(h)"; and 
(2) by striking "(d)" each place such term appears eind 
inserting "(e)". 
SEC. 604. ADDITIONAL AMENDMENTS ARISING FROM ERRORS IN 
PUBLIC LAW 103-322. 
(a) 
STYLISTIC 
CORRECTIONS 
RELATING 
TO 
TABLES 
OF 
SECTIONS.— 
(1) The table of sections at the beginning of chapter llOA 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended to read as foUoAys: 
"Sec. 
"2261. Interstate domestic violence. 
"2262. Interstate violation of protection order. 
"2263. Pretrial release of defendant. 
"2264. Restitution. 
"2265. Full faith and credit given to protection orders. 
"2266. Definitions.". 
(2) Chapter 26 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after the heading for such chapter the following 
table of sections: 
"Sec. 
, 
"521. Criminal street gangs.". 
(3) Chapter 123 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting after the heading for such chapter the following 
table of sections: 
"Sec. 
"2721. Prohibition on release and use of certain personal information from State 
motor vehicle records. 
"2722. Additional unlawful acts. 
"2723. Penalties. 
"2724. Civil action. 
"2725. Definitions.". 
(4) The item relating to section 3509 in the table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 223 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by strikmg "Victims"' and inserting "victims"'. 
(b) UNIT REFERENCE CORRECTIONS, REMOVAL OF DUPLICATE 
AMENDMENTS, AND OTHER SIMILAR CORRECTIONS.— 
42 use 14011. 
(1) Section 40503(b)(3) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
by striking "paragraph (b)(1)" and inserting "paragraph (1)". 
18 use 794. 
(2) Section 60003(a)(2) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
by striking "at the end of the section" and inserting "at the 
end of the subsection". 
(3) Section 3582(c)(l)(A)(i) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by adding "or" at the end. 
(4) Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
802) is amended by redesignating the second paragraph (43) 
as paragraph (44). 
(5) SuDsections (a) and (b) of section 120005 of Public 
l8USe2339A. 
Law 103-322 are each amended by inserting "at the end" 
after "adding". 
18 use 1961. 
(6) Section 160001(f) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
by striking "1961(1)" and inserting "1961(1)". 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3507 
(7) Section 170201(c) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC 113. 
by striking paragraphs (1), (2), and (3). 
(8) Subparagraph (D) of section 511(b)(2) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by adjusting its margin to be the 
same as the margin of subparagraph (C) and adjusting the 
margins of its clauses so they are indented 2 ems further 
than the margin of the subparagraph. 
(9) Section 230207 of PubUc Law 103-322 is amended 42 USC 10604. 
by striking "two" and inserting "2" the first place it appears. 
(10) The first of the two imdesignated paragraphs of section 
240002(c) of PubHc Law 103-322 is designated as paragraph 
28 USC 994 note. 
(1) and the second as psiragraph (2). 
(11) Section 280005(a) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
28 USC 991. 
by striking "Section 991 (a)" and inserting "Section 991(a)". 
(12) Section 320101 of Public Law 103-322 is amended— 
(A) in subsection (b), by striking paragraph (1); 
18 USC 112. 
(B) in subsection (c), by strUsing paragraphs (1)(A) 18 USC 113. 
and(2)(A); 
(C) in subsection (d), by striking paragraph (3); and 
18 USC 351. 
(D) in subsection (e), by striking paragraphs (1) 18 USC 1751. 
and (2). 
(13) Section 320102 of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC 1112. 
by striking paragraph (2). 
(14) Section 320103 of Public Law 103-322 is amended— 
(A) in subsection (a), by striking paragraph (1); 
18 USC 241. 
(B) in subsection (b), by strifing paragraph (1); and 
18 USC 242. 
(C) 
in 
subsection 
(c), 
by 
striking 
paragraphs 
18 USC 245. 
(1) and (3). 
(15) Section 320103(e) of PubUc Law 103-322 is amended— 42 USC 3631. 
(A) in the subsection catchline, by striking "FAIR 
HOUSING" and inserting "1968 Civil Rights"; and 
(B) by striking "of the Fair Housing Act" and inserting 
"of the Civil Rights Act of 1968". 
(16) Section 320109(1) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC 704. 
by inserting an open quotation mark before "(a) IN GENERAL". 
(17) Section 320602(1) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC 2114. 
by striking "whoever" and inserting "Whoever". 
(18) Section 668(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by designating the first undesignated paragraph 
that begins with a quotation mark as psiragraph (1); 
(B) by designating the second undesignated paragraph 
that begins with a quotation mark as paragraph (2); and 
(C) by striking the close quotation mark and the period 
at the end of the subsection. 
(19) Section 320911(a) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC 709. 
in each of paragraphs (1) and (2), by striking "thirteenth" 
and inserting "14th". 
(20) Section 2311 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking 'livestock" where it appears in quotation 
marks and inserting "Livestock". 
(21) Section 540A(c) of title 28, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by designating the first undesignated paragraph 
as paragraph (1); 
(B) by designating the second undesignated paragraph 
as paragraph (2); and 
110 STAT. 3508 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
18 use 1014. 
18 use 542, 544, 
545. 
18 use 3059A. 
18 use 1169. 
42 use 3631. 
18 use 2325 
note. 
18 use 2423. 
18 use 1001 
note. 
(C) by designating the third undesignated paragraph 
as paragraph (3). 
(22) Section 330002(d) of PubHc Law 103-322 is amended 
by striking "the comma" and inserting "each comma". 
(23) Section 330004(18) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
by striking "the Philippine" and inserting "Philippine". 
(24) Section 330010(17) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
by striking "(2)(iii)" and inserting "(2)(A)(iii)". 
(25) Section 330011(d) of Public Law 103-322 is amended— 
(A) by striking "each place" and inserting "the first 
place"; and 
(B) by striking "1169" and inserting "1168". 
'* 
' (26) The item in the table of sections at the beginning 
of chapter 53 of title 18, United States Code, that relates 
to section 1169 is transferred to appear after the item relating 
to section 1168. 
(27) Section 901 of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 is amended 
, by striking "under this title" each place it appears and inserting 
"imder title 18, United States Code,". 
(28) Section 223(a)(12)(A) of the Juvenile Justice and Delin-
quency Prevention Act of 1974 (42 U.S.C. 5633(a)(12)(A)) is 
amended by striking "law)." and inserting "law)". 
(29) Section 250008(a)(2) of PubUc Law 103-322 is amended 
by striking "this Act" and inserting "provisions of law amended 
by this title". 
(30) Section 36(a) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) in paragraph (1), by striking "403(c)" and inserting 
"408(c)"; and 
(B) in paragraph (2), by striking "Export Control" and 
inserting "Export". 
(31) Section 1512(a)(2)(A) of title 18, United States Code, 
•
^ is amended by adding "and" at the end. 
(32) Section 13(b)(2)(A) of title 18, United States Code, 
' is amended by striking "of not more than $1,000" and inserting 
"under this title". 
(33) Section 160001(g)(1) of PubUc Law 103-322 is amended 
by striMng "(a) Whoever" and inserting "Whoever". 
(34) Section 290001(a) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
by strildng "subtitle" and inserting "section". 
(35) Section 3592(c)(12) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking "Controlled Substances Act" and insert-
ing "Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act 
of 1970". 
(36) Section 1030 of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended— 
(A) by inserting "or" at the end of subsection 
' 
(a)(5)(B)(ii)(II)(bb); 
(B) by striking "and" after the semicolon in subsection 
.
_ 
(c)(1)(B); 
(C) in subsection (g), by striking "the section" eind 
inserting "this section"; and 
(D) in subsection (h), by striking "section 1030(a)(5) 
of title 18, United States Code" and inserting "subsection 
(a)(5)". 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3509 
(37) Section 320103(c) of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
18USC245. 
by striking the semicolon at the end of paragraph (2) and 
inserting a close quotation mark followed by a semicolon. 
(38) Section 320104(b) of PubHc Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC1956. 
by striking the comma that follows "2319 (relating to copyright 
infringement)" the first place it appears. 
(39) Section 1515(a)(1)(D) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended by striking "; or" and inserting a semicolon. 
(40) Section 5037(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended in each of paragraphs (1)(B) and (2)(B), by striking 
"3561(b)" and inserting "3561(c)". 
(41) Section 330004(3) of PubHc Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC 709. 
by striking "thirteenth" and inserting "14th". 
(42) Section 2511(l)(e)(i) of title 18, United States Code, 
is amended— 
(A) by striking "sections 2511(2)(A)(ii), 2511(b)-(c), 
2511(e)" and inserting "sections 2511(2)(a)(ii), 2511(2)(b)-
(c), 2511(2)(e)"; and 
(B) by striking "subchapter" £ind inserting "chapter". 
(43) Section 1516(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by inserting "and" at the end of paragraph (1). 
(44) The item relating to section 1920 in the table of 
sections at the beginning of chapter 93 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by striking "employee's" and inserting 
"employees"'. 
(45) Section 330022 of Public Law 103-322 is amended 
18 USC 2512. 
by inserting a period after "communications" and before the 
close quotation mark. 
(46) Section 2721(c) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "covered by this title" and inserting 
"covered by this chapter", 
(c) ELIMINATION OF EXTRA WORDS.— 
(1) Section 3561(b) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "or any relative defendant, child, or former 
child of the defendant,". 
(2) Section 351(e) of title 18, United States Code, is 
amended by striking "involved in the use of a" and inserting 
"involved the use of a". 
(d) EFFECTIVE DATE.—The amendments made by this section 
18 use 13 note. 
shall take effect on the date of enactment of Public Law 103-
322. 
SEC. 605. ADDITIONAL TYPOGRAPfflCAL AND SIMILAR ERRORS FROM 
VARIOUS SOURCES, 
(a) MISUSED CONNECTOR.—Section 1958(a) of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by striking "this title and imprisoned" 
and inserting "this title or imprisoned". 
(b) SPELLING ERROR.—Effective on the date of its enactment. Effective date, 
section 961(h)(1) of the Financial Institutions Reform, Recovery, 
and Enforcement Act of 1989 is amended by striking "Saving and 
18 USC 1014. 
Loan" and inserting "Savings and Loan". 
(c) WRONG SECTION DESIGNATION.—The table of chapters for 
part I of title 18, United States Code, is amended in the item 
relating to chapter 71 by striking "1461" and inserting "1460". 
(d) INTERNAL CROSS REFERENCE.—Section 2262(a)(lXA)(ii) of 
title 18, United States Code, is amended by striking "subparagraph 
(A)" and inserting "this subparagraph". 
110 STAT. 3510 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
(e) MISSING COMMA.—Section 1361 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by inserting a comma after "attempts to commit 
any of the foregoing offenses". 
(f) CROSS REFERENCE ERROR FROM PUBLIC LAW 103-414.— 
The first sentence of section 2703(d) of title 18, United States 
Code, by striking "3126(2)(A)" and inserting "3127(2)(A)". 
(g) INTERNAL REFERENCE ERROR IN PUBLIC LAW 103-359.— 
Section 3077(8)(A) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "title 18, United States Code" and inserting "this title". 
(h) SPELLING AND INTERNAL REFERENCE ERROR IN SECTION 
3509.—Section 3509 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (e), by striking "government's" and 
inserting "Government's"; and 
(2) in subsection (h)(3), by striking "subpart" and inserting 
"paragraph". 
(i) ERROR IN SUBDIVISION 
FROM 
PUBLIC LAW 103-329.— 
Section 3056(a)(3) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by redesignating subparagraphs (1) and (2) as subparagraphs (A) 
and (B), respectively and moving the margins of such subparagraphs 
2 ems to the right. 
(j) TABLE OF CONTENTS CORRECTION.—The table of contents 
at the beginning of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty 
Ante, p. 1214. 
Act of 1996 is amended by inserting "TITLE i—HABEAS CORPUS 
REFORM" before the item relating to section 101. 
(k) 
CORRECTING 
ERROR IN AMENDATORY 
INSTRUCTIONS.— 
Section 107(b) of the Antiterrorism £md Effective Death Penalty 
Ante, p. 1221. 
Act of 1996 is amended by striking "IV" and inserting "VI". 
(1) 
CORRECTING 
ERROR 
IN 
DESCRIPTION 
OF 
PROVISION 
AMENDED.—^With respect to subparagraph (F) only of paragraph 
(1) of section 205(a) of the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Pen-
Ante, p. 1229. 
alty Act of 1996, the reference at the beginning of such paragraph 
to "subsection (a)(1)" shall be deemed a reference to "subsection 
(a)". 
(m) ADDITION OF MISSING REFERENCE.—Section 725(2) of the 
Ante, p. 1300. 
Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 is amended 
by inserting "(2)" after "subsection (b)". 
(n) CONFORMING AMENDMENT TO TABLE OF SECTIONS.—The 
table of sections at the beginning of chapter 203 of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended by inserting after the item relating to 
section 3059A the following new item: 
"3059B. General reward authority.". 
(o) INSERTION OF MISSING PUNCTUATION.—Section 6005(b)(3) 
of title 18, United States Code, is amended by adding a period 
at the end. 
(p) CORRECTION OF ERRONEOUS SECTION NUMBER.— 
(1) Section 2401 of title 18, United States Code, is 
redesignated as section 2441. 
(2) The item relating to section 2401 in the table of sections 
at the beginning of chapter 118 of title 18, United States 
Code, is amended by striking "2401" and inserting "2441". 
(3) The table of chapters for part I of title 18, United 
States Code, is amended in the item relating to chapter 118, 
by striking "240i" and inserting "244i". 
(q) DUPLICATE SECTION NUMBER.—That section 2332d of title 
18, United States Code, that relates to requests for military assist-
ance to enforce prohibition in certain emergencies is redesignated 
as section 2332e and moved to follow the section 2332d that relates 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3511 
to financial transactions, and the item relating to the section 
redesignated by this subsection is amended by striking "2332d" 
and inserting "2332e" and moved to follow the item relating to 
the section 2332d that relates to financial transactions. 
(r) CORRECTION OF WORD USAGE.—Section 247(d) of title 18, 
United States Code, is amended by striking "notification" and insert-
ing "certification". 
SEC. 606. ADJUSTING AND MAKING UNIFORM THE DOLLAR AMOUNTS 
USED IN TITLE 18 TO DISTINGUISH BETWEEN GRADES 
OF OFFENSES. 
(a) Sections 215, 288, 641, 643, 644, 645, 646, 647, 648, 649, 
650, 651, 652, 653, 654, 655, 656, 657, 658, 659, 661, 662, 665, 
872, 1003, 1025, 1163, 1361, 1707, 1711, and 2113 of title 18, 
United States Code, are amended by striking "$100" each place 
it appears £ind inserting "$1,000". 
(b) Section 510 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "$500" and inserting "$1,000". 
SEC. 607. APPLICATION OF VARIOUS OFFENSES TO POSSESSIONS AND 
TERRITORIES. 
(a) Sections 241 and 242 of title 18, United States Code, are 
each amended by striking "any State, Territory, or District" and 
inserting "any State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, or 
District". 
(b) Sections 793(h)(1) and 794(d)(1) of title 18, United States 
Code, are each amended by adding at the end the following: "For 
the purposes of this subsection, the term 'State' includes a State 
of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any common-
wealth, territory, or possession of the United States.". 
(c) Section 925(a)(5) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "For the purpose of paragraphs (3) and (4)" and inserting 
"For the purpose of paragraph (3)". 
(d) Sections 1014 and 2113(g) of title 18, United States Code, 
are each amended by adding at the end the following: "The term 
'State-chartered credit union' includes a credit union chartered 
under the laws of a State of the United States, the District of 
Columbia, or any commonwealth, territory, or possession of the 
United States.". 
(e) Section 1073 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end of the first paragraph the following: "For 
the purposes of clause (3) of this paragraph, the term 'State' includes 
a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any 
commonwesdth, territory, or possession of the United States.". 
if) Section 1715 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by striking "State, Territory, or District" each place those words 
appear and inserting "State, Territory, Commonwealth, Possession, 
or District". 
(g) Section 1716 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in subsection (g)(2) by striking "State, Territory, or 
the District of Columbia and inserting "State"; 
(2) in subsection (g)(3) by striking "the municipal govern-
ment of the District of Columbia or of the government of any 
State or territory, or any county, city, or other political subdivi-
sion of a State" and inserting "any State, or any political 
subdivision of a State"; and 
(3) by adding at the end the following: 
110 STAT. 3512 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
"(]) For purposes of this section, the term 'State' includes a 
State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any 
commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.". 
Gi) Section 1761 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following new subsection: 
"(d) For the purposes of this section, the term 'State' means 
a State of the United States and any commonwealth, territory, 
or possession of the United States.". 
(i) Section 3156(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) by striking "and" at the end of paragraph (3); 
(2) by striking the period and inserting "; and" at the 
end of paragraph (4); and 
(3) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
"(5) the term 'State' includes a State of the United States, 
the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, 
or possession of the United States.". 
(j) Section 102 of the Controlled Substances Act (21 U.S.C. 
802) is amended— 
(1) by amending paragraph (26) to read as follows: 
"(26) The term 'State^ means a State of the United States, 
the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, 
or possession of the United States."; and 
(2) by redesignating paragraph (43), as added by section 
90105(d) of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement 
Act of 1994, as paragraph (44). 
(k) Section 1121 of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following new subsection: 
"(c) For the purposes of this section, the term 'State' meeins 
a State of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any 
commonwealth, territory, or possession of the United States.". 
(1) Section 228(d)(2) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by inserting "commonwealth," before "possession or territory of 
the United States". 
(m) Section 1546(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: "For purposes of this section, 
the term 'State' means a State of the United States, the District 
of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or possession of 
the United States.". 
(n) Section 1541 of title 18, United States Code, is amended— 
(1) in the first undesignated paragraph, by striking "or 
possession"; and 
(2) by adding at the end the following new paragraph: 
"For purposes of this section, the term 'State' means a State 
of the United States, the District of Columbia, and any common-
wealth, territory, or possession of the United States.". 
(o) Section 37(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
in the final sentence by inserting before the period the following: 
", and the term 'State' means a State of the United States, the 
District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, territory, or posses-
sion of the United States". 
PUBLIC LAW 104-294—OCT. 11, 1996 
110 STAT. 3513 
(p) Section 2281(c) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
in the final sentence by inserting before the period the following: 
", and the term 'State' means a State of the United States, the 
District of Columbia, £ind any commonwealth, territory, or posses-
sion of the United States". 
(q) Section 521(a) of title 18, United States Code, is amended 
by adding at the end the following: "'State' means a State of 
the United States, the District of Columbia, and any commonwealth, 
territory, or possession of the United States.". 
Approved October 11, 1996. 
LEGISLATIVE HISTORY—H.R. 3723 (S. 1331) (S. 1332): 
HOUSE REPORTS: No. 104-788 (Comm. on the Judiciary). 
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 142 (1996): 
Sept. 17, considered and passed House. 
Sept. 18, considered and passed Senate, amended. 
Sept. 28, House concurred in Senate amendment with an amendment. 
Oct. 2, Senate concurred in House amendment. 
WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 32 (1996): 
Oct. 11, Presidential statement.