United Arab Emirates Mars mission (EMM) and NASA’s MAVEN probes have detected ‘dappled’ proton auroras in the Martian sky, providing new insights into the red planet’s atmosphere.
Auroras are natural light displays in planetary skies, mostly seen at high latitudes, such as the Northern Lights or Northern Lights seen from Earth.
The new auroras discovered by the team are formed when the solar wind directly hits Mars’ upper atmosphere and emits ultraviolet light as it slows down.
It was discovered in a daytime disk snapshot obtained by the Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS), which observes the planet’s upper atmosphere.
When auroras occur, small areas of the Earth become brighter, indicating strong localized energy in the atmosphere.
Hessa Al Matroushi, Head of Science at EMM, said: “Our discovery of these mottled proton auroras adds a new event to the long list of events currently studied at EMM and challenges our existing understanding of how the Martian daytime proton auroras form. View.” .
“So far, the EMM Hope rover has uncovered many unexpected phenomena that expand our understanding of the dynamics of the Martian atmosphere and magnetosphere.
“These new observations, combined with the MAVEN data, open up entirely new possibilities for scientific research,” Matroushi said.
Mike Chaffin, a member of the EMM science team, said the new images represent the first time scientists have gained a global understanding of the spatial variability of Martian proton auroras, and the first time they have been able to clearly observe This patchy structure, lead author of the study, was published in the journal Geophysical Research Letters.
We know that these wavelengths are only emitted by hydrogen atoms, which tells us that ultra-high-energy hydrogen atoms must be present in the atmosphere to produce auroral emissions, Chaffin said.
A data sharing agreement between EMM and MAVEN allows new EMM images to be analyzed using plasma observations made by MAVEN, which have characterized the Martian atmosphere since 2014.
In the new study, EMM discovered fine structures in proton auroras spanning one side of the Martian sky.
Typical proton auroras observations by MAVEN and ESA’s (European Space Agency) Mars Express mission show that these auroras appear smooth and evenly distributed across the hemisphere.
In contrast, the proton auroras observed by the EMM appear highly dynamic and variable, the researchers said.
They say these “mottled proton auroras” form when turbulent conditions around Mars allow charged particles to rush directly into the atmosphere and glow as they slow down.
The UAE’s Hope mission has so far observed sporadic auroras several times over the course of its mission, and the shape of the aurora is not always the same.
“Whether we’ll see anything as spectacular as what we already have is anyone’s guess, but I’m hopeful. Hope continues to far exceed our expectations for scientific discovery and I can’t wait to see what we learn next to what,” Chaffin added.
(Only the title and images of this report may have been modified by Business Standards staff; the rest of the content was automatically generated from the syndicated feed.)
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Help the Philippines Typhoon Relief effort
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A shower or thunderstorm
A couple of p.m. t-showers
Cloudy with a little rain
Rain, some heavy, to affect the area from Tuesday evening into Wednesday afternoon
Dec 8, 2013; 5:00 PM ET
Wet weather for Johannesburg. Plenty of sunshine for London.
of sunlight, then sets at
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- 24 updates
Gary Denton's 12 stone French Mastiff Ozzy (below) in the snow this morning. 2 inches fell in Berkshire over night.
There are delays of up to one hour on the Eurostar at St Pancras International, at Ebbsfleet International and at Ashford International due to speed restrictions resulting from poor weather conditions.
The scene in north Hampshire this morning following more snow overnight.Light snow is again falling but there is little disruption.
Gritters were out again to keep main routes clear.
Rail services are normal but Heathrow has some cancellations.
Driving conditions became difficult last night with snow blizzards in Oxfordshire, Berkshire and north Hampshire.
Minor roads remain slippery with drivers advised to slow down and take extra care
Scores of flights are cancelled at Heathrow because of bad weather here and in Europe. Passengers are advised to check before travelling to the airport. Long haul services are running as normal.
Sussex Police are warning that the roads are treacherous in parts of Brighton & Hove tonight because of snow, ice and the resulting accidents.
Severe delays and partially blocked due to snow on A27 in both directions between A277 Brighton Road / Ashcombe Hollow (Kingston Roundabout) and A23 London Road (Patcham). There has been major congestion on the road since around 15:00 on Tuesday due to heavy snowfall.
Some motorists are saying they have been stuck for several hours, the road is officially open but many vehicles have been abandoned.
There have been major problems along the M4 and in West Berkshire tonight, as snow blizzards began to fall across the Thames Valley. There are also difficult conditions on the roads in Oxfordshire, Berkshire and North Hampshire tonight.
Snow blizzards have been causing difficult conditions on the roads in Oxfordshire, Berkshire and North Hampshire tonight.
There have been major problems along the M4 and in West Berkshire.
The problems started just before seven with heavy falls in Reading, Didcot, and Newbury.
Several centimetres of snow fell in just an hour.
Councils say gritters will be out overnight tying to keep roads clear.


Parts of the Midwest are bracing for even more severe weather on Thursday after severe storms spawned at least 26 tornadoes Wednesday, injuring two people.
Mason Grant didn't expect to be this close to a tornado when he pulled out his phone and recorded it just outside Central City, Iowa. Becky Juhl didn't either when she started recording in Bedford, Iowa.
"We look out the window and we could see a barn that was about a half mile south of the house," Juhl says. "And first the roof came off and then the whole thing was taken off."
Another massive tornado touched down in another part of Iowa, dissipating after 10 minutes on the ground. The tornadoes were just several of more than two dozen in the Midwest spawned by a powerful storm system as it moved east.
In Wisconsin the damage left behind was clear to see from the sky. The ground provided an even closer view. The storm destroyed at least two barns and knocked down trees and power lines. One man was hurt when one of the barns partially collapsed on him. And winds were strong enough to force one man's Ford F-150 out his garage, toppling it onto his front yard. Friends and neighbors were out helping people clean up debris.
"We got down here and made sure the dog was okay and we're good," says one Wisconsin family.
While the family's dog was okay their home wasn't.
"This was the garage," the man says. "My truck was sitting outside and yeah it hooked onto the house. The house had a little bit of damage, windows are out but there's some water damage inside and there's a lot of windows two windows blown out."
And it wasn't just tornadoes. In Illinois, flooding made it hard for people to drive.
Even more severe weather is expected in the next few days. Everything from thunderstorms to large hail and strong wind.


Debris from Halley’s Comet will light up the sky on Friday night – here’s how you can make sure to catch it before its too late.
The Orionids meteor shower, often shortened to the Orionids, is the most prolific meteor shower associated with the comet.
It is active throughout all of October, but its peak is expected on Friday night, producing up to 25 meteors every hour and remaining visible until the early hours of Saturday.
STV News weather presenter Philip Petrie has shared his top tips to catch the dazzling phenomenon, even under Scotland’s cloudy skies.
He said: “In order to view the Orionid Meteor Shower, no specialist equipment is needed – just some warm clothes and clear skies, away from any artificial light pollution.
“Unfortunately, on Friday a lot of the country will be under extensive low cloud, mist and murk with plenty of hill fog too.
“The best chance will be under a clear slot between 1am and 3am stretching from Skye across to Aberdeen.”
The shower gets its name from the Orion constellation – one of the brightest groups of stars in the night sky – and is the result of the comet’s journey through space.
Meteoroids from Halley’s Comet strike the Earth’s atmosphere at a speed of 148,000mph, burning up in streaking flashes of light.
As both the Earth and the comet have elliptical orbits around the Sun, the two intersect twice every year, which causes the Orionids.


The Sun popped off an M-Class (moderate level) flare on Sept. 25, 2011 that sent a plume of plasma out above the Sun, but a good portion of it appeared to fall back towards the active region that launched itInternationalIndiaAfricaOne day, some billions of years from now, scientists say the sun will have reached its maximum size as a red giant, at which point the burning ball will be teetering on the edge of becoming a white dwarf and paving the way for Earth’s likely demise.Although the sun may appear somewhat calm from Earth, the hot ball of plasma is in fact experiencing massive bursts and explosions at increasingly irregular intervals, raising concerns among observers.The eruptions are typically caused by any disruptions to the sun’s magnetic fields, specifically by energy distortions that occur along planet-sized sunspots visible as dark spots on the surface of the sun. The occasional solar interferences result in solar flares, which are known for emitting electromagnetic radiation.Solar flares are classified by their strength, starting from the weakest B class through C, M and the strongest X class, which can have the energy equivalent of 1 billion hydrogen bombs.Although these solar eruptions do not pose threats to humans, solar flare events can harm satellites and have negative effects on technology such as power grids. NASA has built numerous observatories to monitor and record such flares.‘Doomed Launch’: Dozens of Elon Musk’s SpaceX Satellites Annihilated by ‘Destruction Event’ From Sun16 September 2022, 18:49 GMTAs the sun moves towards the peak of its 11-year cycle, experts predict it will eventually reach its maximum activity, leading to more frequent X-class solar flares.Coronal holes are another aspect of the sun that NASA has been observing, areas that appear far darker in imaging as a result of their much cooler and less dense characteristics. In fact, coronal holes mark out solar areas with unipolar magnetic fields that creates the perfect environment for free-flowing solar winds.Although coronal holes on their own are usually unable to cause an outright solar storm, they’re typically given a power boost of sorts when combined with coronal mass ejections, combination that ultimately results in the phenomena known as the aurora borealis.Dark Side of Sun: X-Class Solar Flare Rocks Earth and Blackouts Radio31 March, 08:50 GMTFilaments of solar material, including sun tornadoes and a solar polar vortex, are additional areas of interest for the US space agency. Such filaments are fixed to magnetic field lines on the surface of the sun until they inevitably become unstable, and either fall back to the sun or burst out into space. Earlier this year, in March, a solar tornado was spotted twirling above the sun’s surface in quite the stunning find by researchers.Scott McIntosh, a solar physicist and deputy director of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, told US media that such a solar prominence has appeared along the solar north pole in the same exact location every 11 solar-year cycle.”Once every solar cycle, it forms at the 55 degree latitude and it starts to march up to the solar poles,” said McIntosh. “It’s very curious. There is a big ‘why’ question around it. Why does it only move toward the pole one time and then disappears and then comes back, magically, three or four years later in exactly the same region?”The current solar cycle is expected to peak in 2025.


JAKARTA—Indonesia’s disaster mitigation agency, the BNPB, said it expects forest fires that have been raging through parts of Sumatra island and in Kalimantan on the Indonesian portion of Borneo island will end soon with the arrival of the rainy season.
Indonesia has spent months battling forest fires, often caused by slash-and-burn farming practices, as an El Nino weather pattern intensifies the annual dry season and fires create a choking haze across the region.
“Referring to a report compiled based on the latest satellite imagery and direct observations in the field, it can be concluded that the 2019 forest fires episode will soon be over,” BNPB spokesman Agus Wibowo said in a statement.
Indonesia’s weather agency said, based on satellite imagery, the number of hot spots had declined by 78 percent in the Sept. 26-28 period.
Indonesia has deployed more than 29,000 personnel to fight fires and dozens of aircraft to conduct water bombing and cloud-seeding efforts to trigger rain.
Rain has fallen in areas such as Riau, Jambi and South Sumatra, as well as in Central Kalimantan province on Borneo island, the BNPB said.
The weather agency said it would maintain cloud-seeding procedures in both Sumatra and Kalimantan to optimize the potential for rain.
The BNPB said more than 320,000 hectares of forest had been burned from January to August this year, in what is seen as the worst such damage to forests since 2015.
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Take the weather with me:
Sunny / Wind
Sunny and windy. High 93F. Winds WSW at 20 to 30 mph.
Clear / Wind
Clear. Windy this evening. Low 63F. Winds SW at 20 to 30 mph.
How does Santa deliver all those gifts around the world in 24 hours?
Courtesy of ppalau


A guide to weather in the Caribbean
The Caribbean region is a firm favourite holiday destination due its comfortably warm weather all year round. Across the whole of the year, temperatures average 27°C to 31°C, but the heat is accompanied by cooling sea breezes. With over 300 days of sunshine a year, the Caribbean is a fantastic destination no matter the month.
The Caribbean weather year
The Caribbean has beauty all year round, but it’s useful to know that many of the region’s coastlines and islands experience a specific rainy season each year. Some islands, such as Aruba rarely have any rain at all, but others, including Jamaica, Barbados and Cuba have both rainy and dry seasons at different times of year.
Generally, the dry season runs from around November through to April or May. The rain and temperature patterns on individual islands and coastlines can vary widely, so it’s worth checking specific weather details for each destination you’re interested in. Also, take a look at our facts below to give you a helping hand.
Taking a vacation during the rainier seasons can still be gorgeous, though air humidity will be higher, with an increased likelihood of tropical storms and generally more unsettled weather.
If you’re a nature lover who is hoping to watch sea turtles hatching, or spot migrating birds, the chance of clouds and exhilarating tropical rainfall shouldn’t be enough to put you off. However, if you’re definitely looking for clear blue skies and calm seas, it’s essential to book your break within your destination’s dry season months.
Planning out of season breaks
Some visitors to the Caribbean islands prefer to take their breaks during the cooler, out of season months. The slightly lower temperatures of the rainy season can be more comfortable than the hotter months for some travellers, although ideally it’s best to work around the tropical storm season where possible.
The temperatures are still warm enough to spend lots of the time outside and it’s regularly sunny enough even for a dedicated beach holiday. As a bonus, there will also be far fewer people around, making it more likely that you’ll find empty beaches, perfect peace and an extra chilled-out vibe.
Booking for perfect holiday weather
There are a number of local weather facts that can be helpful in guiding you though, to ensure that you book your holiday at the ideal time to meet your holiday weather preferences.
The dry season for most of the Caribbean runs from November to April. So if you definitely want hot, sunny beach-and-swim weather these are the key months to book your Caribbean holiday getaway.
Although the Caribbean as a whole offers visitors sunshine and warmth throughout the year, the islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao have the lowest overall rainfall.
The island regions of Bermuda, Aruba and the Turks and Caicos Islands don’t have a specific annual rainy season. They offer high temperatures, clear skies and calm seas pretty much the entire year round.
Apart from the ABC Islands of Aruba, Bonaire and Curacao, tropical storms and hurricanes usually occur during September and October, so sunshine fans should book holidays outside these times.
Planning your holiday dates ensures you get the most perfect Caribbean weather for your holiday needs. Whatever time of year you decide to travel you will find a friendly, relaxed welcome and immense beauty wherever you look.


Tag: Long Island Weather
We probably won't see the sun until Tuesday, forecasters said.
...If the storm doesn't change its track.
What did you expect? Beautiful weather? C'mon, be real.
Balmy temps are in the forecast!
How about that blue sky?
Yeah, more snow. Entertain yourself by reading the latest issue of the Press. You better have picked one up!
The LIRR will replace electric trains with diesel service due to snow and ice accumulation.


70°FCLOUDY, humidity 91%, barometer 30.02,wind 6 mph NNW
75°F | 54°FNot as warm; a shower early in the a.m.
75°F | 53°FMostly sunny and pleasant
77°F | 62°FNice with sun, some clouds
78°F | 64°FClouds and sun with a couple of t-storms
82°F | 61°FClouds and sun with a t-storm; humid


You Asked 4 It: How does hail form?
ALBUQUERQUE, N.M. — KOB 4 Chief Meteorologist Ivan Cabrera received a new question for the You Asked 4 It series:
Mirriam asked, ‘Why does hail look like snow and why are thy so large sometimes?’
Watch the video to hear Ivan’s answer
If you’ve got a burning question you Ivan or want Meteorologist Eddie Garcia, email it to email@example.com or firstname.lastname@example.org


Fire authorities predicted power problems would worsen as day set to get progressively hotter Wednesday.
About 4-5 degrees Celsius of added warmth means some areas could see temperatures double that of what’s typically seen in January, said the state Department of Forestry and Wi영주출장안마ldlife.
“You know the last time we had this big a day is the winter before Christmas when it was 12 C (43 F) when we had this snowpack,” the department’s spokesman, Ken Williams, told CNN affiliate KTNV. “We’ll have to go back to the drawing board with the snow and ice.”
More than 90 people were evacuated from the city of Boulder after temperatures soared past 100 degrees early Wednesday. The temperature was at least three times higher than Tuesday.
“It should only get worse over the course of the next 24 hours슬롯 머신,” Williams said. “With the increased water, the heat will have a significant impact on the plants we need to grow food, water and to keep our snowmobiles safe.”
Flowing snow and heavy snowfall are typical in Denver, an epicenter of Colorado’s drought. The city of 7.5 million is on edge as it seeks to cope with higher temperatures.
More than 5,000 homes were without electricity after a power plant in the area suffered severe floo실시간 카지노ding Monday, according to officials from Gov. John Hickenlooper and the Colorado Water Bureau.
Drought emergency orders were in effect by Wednesday. It will take some time for electricity to come back on.


Qatar Red Crescent Society (QRCS) has immediately responded to the devastating flash floods in southeastern and central Nepal.
Two people were killed in landslides and floods caused by tropical storm Bailu in the northern Philippines, local authorities said on Saturday.
More than 350 people have now died as a result of flooding and landslides in South Asia brought on by heavy monsoon rains over the past few weeks, officials said Saturday.
The death toll in Nepal from flash floods and landslides in the past three days rose to 55 on Sunday, with dozens missing and injured, the government said.
Monsoon-triggered landslides in Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh have killed one person and left more than 4,500 homeless, aid officials said Sunday.
Florence slowly crawled over South and North Carolina, dumping heavy rains on already flood-swollen river basins that authorities warned could bring more death and destruction.
The majority of the dead are from the small rural town of Atsuma, where a cluster of dwellings were wrecked when a hillside collapsed from the force of the earthquake.
The National Weather Service dropped all warnings for Lane, but a local flash-flood warning remained in effect.
Incessant downpours since August 8 have caused the worst floods in a century in the southwestern state.


According to AccuWeather, Barry downgraded to a tropical rainstorm Monday evening after downgrading to a tropical depression Sunday afternoon.
Multiple states announced flood warnings July 15 after the storm ran through Louisiana causing life-threatening flooding and over 70,000 power outages.
According to CBS, the tropical storm carried winds of up to 45 mph and left people in Louisiana and Mississippi without power. The U.S. Coast Guard has rescued approximately 12 people from the dangerous flooding.
According to CNN, the storm was originally a category one hurricane before it eventually made landfall in the Gulf of Mexico July 13.
According to CBS, the primary threat currently is life-threatening flooding as Barry moves over Louisiana and heads north with winds up to 45 mph.
The rainstorm is expected to expand farther to the north into the mid-Mississippi and lower Ohio valleys and will likely plague the region with localized flood dangers into Wednesday, according to AccuWeather.
Rainfall is expected to diminish from 3-6 inches around southeastern Missouri and western Tennessee to 1-2 inches across eastern Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia and western Pennsylvania, according to AccuWeather.
Residents and motorists planning to travel through the Ohio Valley will still want to remain alert for flash flooding, as well as travel hazards. An isolated tornado cannot be ruled out, according to AccuWeather.
Louisiana Gov. John Bel Edwards said in a news conference that more than 90 people had been rescued in 11 parishes, but there were no reports of weather-related fatalities.
Edwards also said 11 shelters remain open with more than 100 people in them. There are still 3,000 soldiers activated from the Louisiana National Guard, mostly in south Louisiana, and they will start moving assets to northern Louisiana if needed, according to the governor.
According to CNN, some citizens are still stranded in deep water in Louisiana as the state is trying to recover and rebuild from the damage of Barry. Entergy Louisiana has brought crews from all around the country to assist in restoring power to the public.
Abigail Marmurowicz contributed to this article.


Residents Clean-Up After Severe Thunderstorms
There are still more than 5,000 residents and businesses in Washtenaw County without power this morning. Residents are cleaning up after a series of severe thunderstorms Sunday that knocked out power to more than 200,000 homes and businesses.
Yesterday's storms packed winds up to 50 miles per hour, and in some areas knocked down trees and ripped roofs off buildings. Heavy rains caused road flooding.
Oakland County was hardest hit, and as of 6am this morning still had 96-thousand DTE Energy customers in the dark. there are also 32-thousand customers affected in Macomb County, 19-Thousand in Wayne County and five-thosuand in Livingston County.
The National Weather Service says hail up to 3 inches in diameter was recorded near Midland. Later, a trained spotter reported 1.75-inch hail struck Oakland County's White Lake Township in suburban Detroit.
The weather service says the storm damaged 80 percent of the units at a mobile home park in Oakland County's Highland Township.
DTE Energy Co. reported 180,000 customers without power and CMS Energy Corp.'s Consumers Energy unit had 26,000 out.
The utilities say restoration efforts continue this morning, but it is unkown when power will be fully restored.


Rainfall in the past month is from 100 to 200 percent above normal for this time of year in eastern Idaho, according to the National Weather Service.
“We started out with the very nice, normal summer as far as temperatures,” said Vernon Preston, meteorologist at the Pocatello airport. “We can expect some nice, cooler temperatures for the rest of the summer and fall, but the chances of getting into the 100-degree areas is slim to none. The hot summer is over.”
The Idaho Falls area averages about half an inch of rain this time of year, he said. The recent rain dropped 1.43 inches.
But moisture levels may be headed in the other direction.
“It looks like we are going into what is called an ‘El Nino’ for later this fall and winter,” Preston said. “The impact is usually above-normal temperatures with lower snowpack. This area has had 17 El Ninos in the past 35 years. Snowpack was well below normal for 12 of those years with five years being right at normal.”
Wayne Jones, University of Idaho Extension educator at Idaho Falls, said the rain has been disastrous for most crops in his area.
“The second-crop hay, for those that had it cut but not up, has serious problems with mold,” he said. “The grain has started to sprout in the heads before it could be harvested. That’s really a serious issue for the barley growers. Anheuser-Busch has a strict limit on how much sprout is allowed for their product, so that will limit what they will accept from around here. I don’t know how that will impact beer drinkers.”
Potato crops also are at risk.
“Late blight is a real concern and it loves this wet weather,” Jones said. “If the farmers haven’t already sprayed for late blight, they better be doing it pretty quick. My hat is off to all the producers for what they go through and risk every year to produce crops here. Our weather is so unpredictable. It’s tough to be a plant in Idaho”


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FOG THICKER than seen in at least 12 years delayed several flights at the airport this week.
From Oct. 18 to 21, Air Canada cancelled five flights and diverted three.
Hawkair cancelled nine and diverted one flight, which includes the new Central Mountain Airlines flights to Calgary, which are run by Hawkair, said Kitimat-Terrace regional airport manager Carman Hendry.
Oct. 22 saw one or two delays, he added.
“I haven’t seen the fog this thick in the province all at the same time in one day ever and we don’t usually have fog for this length of time in Terrace,” he said, adding the fog is usually here one day and gone tomorrow.
Hendry stressed that those flights weren’t all due to the weather in Terrace as the fog in Vancouver also affected many flights.
“Usually we get about three fog days a year and this is not the time of year for them,” said Hendry.
“We might get one or two around the beginning of December.”
He said the fog stretched from Seattle to Prince George during those days.
“So all airports are being affected by it in the northwest,” he said.
Planes leaving from here heading to Vancouver need to have an alternate airport which can be Penticton or Fort St. John, which did result in some passengers’ bags being bumped so the planes had to be fuelled up with enough fuel to get them here plus enough to divert to those places, if needed, he said.
The normal alternate is usually Abbotsford but that was fogged in as well, he added.
A planned trip with various stops across the northwest for provincial finance minister Mike deJong earlier this month was kiboshed because of the weather.
The fog is expected to lift over the weekend, with Environment Canada issuing a statement Friday that a cold front would move the fog away from the coast.


Wind and rain have caused delays for some arriving flights into Philadelphia International Airport Wednesday.
According to the FAA's Air Traffic Control System Command Center, a Traffic Management Program is in effect at the airport, which is causing some arriving flights to be delayed an average of just over three hours.
Some departing flights are also delayed. The FAA says flights headed to Newark International Airport in New Jersey, La Guardia Airport in New York and Fort Lauderdale, Florida are also experiencing delays.
You can check the status of your flight on the FAA website.
Thursday (83/68): Sun
Lower Humidity, Not as Hot
Thursday is going to feature mostly sunny skies and lower humidity. There will be a pleasant NW breeze around 10 mph. High 83. Enjoy.
The holiday weekend is looking warmer and unsettled. Shower and thunderstorm chances increaselate Sunday and Labor Day.


Families in Renfrewshire have been urged to avoid heading out as the rain, sleet and snow looks set to continue.
A Met Office yellow warning is in place until 9pm across most of Scotland with temperatures expected to reach just 5 °C.
Heavy sleet and snowfall is causing icy roads and dangerous conditions on motorways.
Chief Inspector Hazel Scott, Area Commander for Johnstone Renfrew and the villages, advised people to avoid going out if they can
She said: “Stay home if you can. If you must drive, clear all your windows, slow down, keep your distance, have a shovel and mobile phone with you. Let your family know you are safe.”
Forecasters say the outlook tomorrow is slightly brighter but temperatures are predicted to remain low.


It's the sort of cosmic combination that usually has doomsayers preparing for the end of the world.
But you can expect an amazing sequence of celestial events rather than the apocalypse.
There has just been an eerie blood moon in the night skies.
It was produced as a lunar eclipse swept across the world to produce the spectacular sight on the night of August 7.
This will be followed by the Perseid meteor shower and then a total solar eclipse, making it a great time to look to the skies for a free celestial show.
What was the blood moon and lunar eclipse?
This year, the August full moon - known to native American tribes as the Blueberry Moon, Sturgeon Moon or Green Corn Moon - was partly obscured and turned blood red by an eclipse.
It was traditionally the time in the calendar when tribal people picked blueberries, fished for sturgeon and prepared for the coming harvest.
The full moon made it easier for hunters to catch the large sturgeon fish in the great lakes of the United States, as it provided more light than at other times of the year.
This year it was also the time of a partial lunar eclipse, when about 25 per cent of the moon passed through the Earth's shadow.
The eclipse was witnessed in Africa, Asia, Australia and parts of Europe including Greece, Spain, Germany, Hungary and Poland, though not in the UK.
The visible part of the moon was turned blood red.
This occurs as rays of light from the sun get bent by the atmosphere. The red light is bent the most and falls on the surface of the moon giving it this mysterious colour.
It's the same effect that makes sunrises and sunsets have a red-orange colour too.
We've included some pictures showing the dramatic sight of the blood moon with part of it blacked out by the Earth's shadow as the eclipse took place.
So what about the Perseids?
The annual show of shooting stars known as the Perseids are set to peak this week.
They are formed from rock and dust trailing behind a comet and we are about to pass through the densest section of debris.
Expect to see around 40 to 50 shooting stars an hour as the display reaches maximum intensity on on the night of Saturday, August 12. There will also be great shows the night before and the night after.
And when is the total solar eclipse?
A total eclipse - dubbed the Great American Eclipse - will happen on Monday, August 21, 2017.
Complete blackout of the sun will be seen in a narrow band going across the entire USA from west to east coasts. The rest of the country will witness a partial eclipse of at least 48 per cent coverage of the sun.
In the UK, we will see only a small part of the sun - about four per cent - covered by the moon, but it will still be a rare and interesting phenomenon worth watching.
As the total eclipse is only visible in parts of the USA, many stargazers are making special trips from the UK and across the world just to see the celestial event.
Millions of people are heading towards the area where total darkness will be experienced.


Newly downgraded to a Category 1 storm, Hurricane Florence was already wreaking havoc on North Carolina as the gigantic storm crept slowly ashore early Friday, with hundreds of people already rescued. The storm is packing winds of 90mph—much lower than once feared—and is moving at 6mph, reports NPR. Authorities stress that even with the lower wind speed, the storm is extremely dangerous and could still kill "a lot of people," with inland flooding posing the biggest risk, the BBC reports. The National Hurricane Center said Florence made landfall at Wrightsville Beach, NC, about 7:45am.
Authorities say Florence is bringing "catastrophic" flooding to a large area of the Carolinas, and at least six tornadoes have been spotted in eastern North Carolina. the AP reports. The Guardian reports that North Carolina's Department of Public Safety says more than 320,000 homes in the state are without power. The coastal city of New Bern, which sits at the intersection of two rivers, tweeted that 150 people were awaiting rescue from out-of-state FEMA teams, the News & Observer reports. Mayor Dana Outlaw said around 200 people had been rescued earlier. He could not confirm whether there were fatalities. Authorities in Jacksonville, around 30 miles south of New Bern, say 70 people had to be rescued from a hotel that was in danger of collapsing. (Read more Hurricane Florence stories.)


WESTCHESTER, N.Y. –Snow arrived in Westchester Wednesday morning causing slippery roads, school closures and delays.
A winter weather advisory is in effect for Westchester County until 4 p.m. Wednesday, according to the National Weather Service.
A mix of snow, sleet and ice fell across the county overnight, causing numerous school delays and closings.Snow, freezing rain, and sleet is expected to continue until 2 p.m. There is a chance of rain and sleet later in the day with a high near 36 degrees.
A total daytime snow, sleet and ice accumulation of less than one inch is possible.
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The weather will be perfect for grilling, relaxing by the pool or anything else outside over Memorial Day weekend in the Birmingham area, with highs in the 80s and clear skies, according to the National Weather Service.
Friday night: Clear, with a low around 50.
Saturday: Sunny, with a high near 81.
Saturday night: Mostly clear, with a low around 51.
Sunday: Sunny, with a high near 85.
Sunday night: Mostly clear, with a low around 60.
Monday: Sunny, with a high near 86.
Monday night: Partly cloudy, with a low around 65.
Visit al.com/weather for more information.


The concentration of CO2 in the global atmosphere first went above 400 parts per million in April 2014. That was the first time in human history that the concentration went so high. Those who have followed this number, which is displayed here in Item A1 to the left, then watched it dip in the subsequent months below 400 and drop down to just above 394 ppm; that was in early September. It dropped through the northern hemisphere summer because northern hemisphere trees and other photosynthesizing plants were eating so much CO2—summer is, literally, their time in the sun. Well, summer ended more than three months ago, and the northern hemisphere just experienced the winter solstice. The plant growing season is long over. And the CO2 concentration just today went above 400 ppm again. I’m worried that it’s probably going to stay there.
An nuclear plant in the U.S., the famous and ill-starred Vermont Yankee, has just come permanently out of service. It has ended its life as a provider of electricity to the northeast. It ran since the 1970s, mostly as a baseload—twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week, often for hundreds of days at a time—provider. Its 600 megawatts of output came with no CO2 at all. Those 600 MW will now likely be replaced with natural-gas, i.e., methane, fired generators. You can read about the effort to keep this just-about-entirely-unappreciated workhorse running, and what will follow the nuclear era in Vermont, in Meredith Angwin’s powerful, thoughtful, and saddened-but-still-optimistic blog Yes Vermont Yankee.
A 600 MW gas-fired plant, running as a 24/7 provider, will dump roughly 2.6 million tons of CO2 into the air each year. Those 2.6 million tons started going into our atmosphere last Monday, December 29.
And today, the global CO2 concentration moved again above 400 ppm. Because of the Vermont Yankee closure, and hundreds of other terrible and short-sighted anti-nuclear decisions, that 400 mark will soon become the good old days. We are heading to 500.


SARAJEVO, September 9 (FENA) – It was sunny in BiH today.
It will be sunny and moderately cloudy in BiH tomorrow. Local showers are possible in the afternoon.
Wind weak of eastern and northeastern direction. Morning temperature between 7 and 13, in south of Herzegovina from 16 to 21 degrees. Highest daily mostly between 27 and 33 degrees.
It will be sunny and moderately cloudy in Sarajevo. Morning temperature around 10 and highest daily around 29 degrees.
Temperature at 2 p.m.: Bjelasnica 13, Kupres 24, Ivan-sedlo 25, Bihac and Sokolac 26, Bugojno, Sarajevo and Srebrenica 28, Gorazde, Gradacac and Neum 29, Prijedor, Sanski Most and Tuzla 30, Banja Luka, Bijeljina, Derventa, Doboj, Livno and Trebinje 31, Zenica 32, Stolac 33, Mostar and Capljina 35 degrees, FBiH Hydro-meteorological Institute (FHMZ) reports.


In Photos | Heavy Snowfall Blankets Kashmir
Srinagar: Moderate to heavy snowfall began across Kashmir this afternoon, bringing relief to the residents from dry weather.
The Srinagar-Jammu national highway was closed on Friday as a precautionary measure as the road was rendered slippery due to fresh snowfall, a traffic department official said.
The minimum temperature was minus 3.2 degree Celsius in Srinagar while it was minus 6.8 and minus 10 in Pahalgam and Gulmarg respectively.
An India Meteorological Department (IMD) official said moderate rain and snow is likely to occur in Jammu and Kashmir from Friday evening.
'Inclement weather during the next 48 hours can affect surface connectivity between the Valley and outside,' the official said.
According to Kashmir Reader , Kargil town recorded minus 18.6 degree, the lowest in this season so far. Leh recorded a minimum temperature of minus 14.5 degree.
Tourists enjoy a horse rise during fresh snowfall in Ganderbal district on January 2, 2019. Credit: PTI/S. Irfan
'It has been snowing across Kashmir since afternoon. The men and machinery have been geared up for timely clearance of roads and ensuring minimal disruption in essential services,' an official of the divisional administration said.
Temperatures have remained below zero in the region as snow blanketed parts of the Kashmir Valley. Credit: PTI/S. Irfan
Vehicular movement has been stopped on the highway and a decision on resuming the traffic will be taken only after improvement in the weather conditions, the traffic department official said.
Man crosses a stream as huge icicle hang from a bridge at Tangmarg in Baramulla district on December 30, 2018. Credit: PTI/S. Irfan
Although there was a brief spell of snowfall Wednesday, the fresh downpour has effectively ended the dry weather conditions in the valley which had led to an increase in common ailments like flu, cough and breathing problems, especially among children and elderly.
Kashmir received its first snowfall of the year on the New Year. Credit: PTI/S. Irfan
The snowfall has brought cheer to many associated with the tourism trade, who say more tourists will now visit Kashmir.
'A good number of tourists had already arrived in Kashmir for New Year eve, but we are hopeful that the footfall will now increase in view of the snowfall,' Shoiab Ahmad, a tour operator, said.
Jammu-bound vehicles stranded at the Jammu-Srinagar highway which was closed for traffic due to snowfall in the Valley, at Nagrota on the outskirts of Jammu, on January 2, 2019. Credit: PTI
He said good snowfall will also ensure more winter sports lovers will head to Kashmir as 'we have the best skiing slopes in the country at Gulmarg'.


After enjoying beautiful weather over the weekend, we’ve experienced our second consecutive day of hot and humid weather. It’s summer in Western Pennsylvania. How long will this last? Here’s Jeff with your PWN WhiteBoard Weather for July 17.
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People across the North West experienced something special last night when they turned their eyes to the heavens - a rare glimpse of the Northern Lights.
Spectacular red and green lights of the Aurora Borealis lit up skies.
The lights were clearly visible in parts of the region.
If you have any pictures you would like to share, contact us.
More top news
Feeling fresher into Sunday but staying dry with some hazy sunshine. Kerrie has the detail......
Drier and brighter into Sunday after a cooler night
Mild but rather cloudy. Gusty winds for coasts and hills


Miami-Dade County suburbs may see flooding before 4 Tuesday afternoon, the National Weather Service reports.
Heavy rain and thunderstorms near Florida International University in West Miami-Dade around 2 p.m. may lead to “urban and small stream flooding” in Homestead, Kendall, the Redland and Doral.
Trouble areas include streams, creeks, highways, underpasses and other low-lying spots.
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A flood watch is now in effect for western and north western sections of the island until 6:00 p.m today.
The Barbados Meteorological services says a combination of light winds, strong daytime heating and an abundance of moisture are generating cloudy skies, some moderate to heavy showers and isolated thunderstorms over the northern half of the island.
Director of the Met Service, Hampden Lovell has urged residents in flood prone areas to exercise caution and remain alert.
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Since the atmosphere is fixed to the earthby gravity and also rotates with the earth, there would be no circulation if some pressure did notupset the atmosphere"s equilibrium. The heating of the earth"s surface by the sunlight isthe force responsible for creating the circulation the does exist.
You are watching: A steep pressure gradient ________.
Because that the curvature that the earth,the most direct rays that the sun strike the earth in the vicinity of the equator resultingin the best concentration that heat, the largest feasible amount of radiation, and also themaximum heating of the atmosphere in this area that the earth. In ~ the very same time, thesun"s light ray strike the earth at the poles in ~ a very oblique angle, bring about a muchlower concentration of heat and much less radiation so the there is, in fact, very littleheating that the environment over the poles and consequently really cold temperatures.
Cold air, being more dense, sink andhot air, being much less dense, rises. Consequently, the rising heat air in ~ the equatorbecomes even less thick as the rises and its press decreases. An area the lowpressure, therefore, exists end the equator.
Warm wait rises till it reaches acertain elevation at which the starts to pour out over right into surrounding areas. At thepoles, the cold dense air sinks. Wait from the top levels of the environment flowsin on height of it boosting the weight and creating one area that high press at the poles.
The air that rises in ~ the equator walk notflow straight to the poles. Due to the rotation the the earth, over there is a construct up the airat around 30° north latitude. (The very same phenomenon wake up in the southern Hemisphere). Several of the wait sinks, leading to a belt the high-pressure in ~ this latitude.
The sinking waiting reaches the surfaceand flows north and also south. The air the flows southern completes one cell of theearth"s circulation pattern. The air that flows phibìc becomes part of one more cellof circulation between 30° and 60° north latitude. In ~ the same time, the sinkingair at the north pole flows south and also collides through the air relocating north native the 30°high press area. The colliding wait is forced upward and an area of low pressureis developed near 60° north. The 3rd cell circulation pattern is developed betweenthe north pole and also 60° north.
Because of the rotation that the earthand the coriolis force, waiting is deflected come the right in the north Hemisphere. Asa result, the activity of wait in the polar cell circulation to produce the polar easterlies. In the circulation cell that exists in between 60° and also 30° north, the activity ofair produce the prevailing westerlies. In the tropic circulation cell, thenortheast profession winds are produced. These space the so-called long-term wind systemsof the each.
UPPER LEVEL WINDS
There are two main forces which affect the movement of air in the top levels. The push gradient reasons the wait to relocate horizontally, forcing the air directly from a an ar of high push to a an ar of short pressure. The Coriolis force, however, deflects the direction of the circulation of the waiting (to the appropriate in the north Hemisphere) and also causes the air to flow parallel to the isobars.
Winds in the upper levels will certainly blow clockwise around areas the high pressure and counterclockwise roughly areas of low pressure.
The rate of the wind is determined by the press gradient. The winds space strongest in regions where the isobars space close together.
Surface friction plays vital role in the speed and also direction of surface winds. As a an outcome of the slowing down of the air as it moves over the ground, wind speeds are less than would certainly be intended from the push gradient top top the derekwadsworth.com map and also the direction is changed so the the wind blows across the isobars right into a facility of low pressure and out the a facility of high pressure.
The result of friction generally does not extend much more than a pair of thousand feet into the air. In ~ 3000 feet above the ground, the wind blows parallel come the isobars with a speed proportional to the pressure gradient.
Even enabling for the results of surface ar friction, the winds, locally, execute not always show the speed and also direction that would be meant from the isobars ~ above the surface ar derekwadsworth.com map. This variations space usually because of geographical functions such as hills, hills and huge bodies of water. Other than in such as mountain regions, the impact of terrain features that cause local sports in wind extends generally no higher than around 2000 feet over the ground.
LAND and SEA BREEZES
Land and also sea breezes are brought about by the distinctions in temperature end land and also water. The sea breeze occurs during the day once the land area heats an ext rapidly than the water surface. This results in the push over the land being lower than the over the water. The press gradient is often solid enough for a wind to blow from the water come the land.
The land breeze blows in ~ night once the land i do not care cooler. Climate the wind blows in the direction of the warm, low-pressure area over the water.
Land and also sea breezes are very local and affect only a small area along the coast.
Hills and valleys considerably distort the airflow associated with the prevailing pressure system and the press gradient. Strong up and down drafts and also eddies construct as the air flows up over hills and also down right into valleys. Wind direction changes as the air flows approximately hills. Periodically lines the hills and also mountain varieties will act as a barrier, holding back the wind and deflecting it so the it operation parallel come the range. If over there is a pass in the mountain range, the wind will rush with this happen as through a tunnel with considerable speed. The airflow deserve to be intended to remain turbulent and also erratic for some distance together it flows the end of the hilly area and into the flatter countryside.
Daytime heating and nighttime cooling the the hilly slopes lead to day to night sports in the airflow. In ~ night, the political parties of the hills cool by radiation. The air in call with them becomes cooler and therefore denser and also it blows under the slope right into the valley. This is a katabatic wind (sometimes additionally called a hill breeze). If the slopes room covered with ice and also snow, the katabatic wind will certainly blow, not just at night, but also during the day, transporting the cold dense air into the warmer valleys. The slopes that hills not spanned by snow will be warmed throughout the day. The air in call with them becomes warmer and less thick and, therefore, operation up the slope. This is one anabatic wind (or valley breeze).
In like the mountain areas, regional distortion that the air flow is even much more severe. Rocky surfaces, high ridges, slim cliffs, steep valleys, all integrate to create unpredictable flow patterns and turbulence.
THE hill WAVE
Air flowing throughout a mountain selection usually rises reasonably smoothly increase the slope of the range, but, when over the top, that pours under the various other side with significant force, bouncing up and also down, developing eddies and turbulence and additionally creating powerful vertical waves the may expand for an excellent distances downwind of the mountain range. This phenomenon is well-known as a hill wave. Keep in mind the up and down drafts and also the rotating eddies formed downstream.
If the air mass has actually a high moisture content, clouds of really distinctive appearance will develop.
Cap Cloud. Orographic lift reasons a cloud to type along the peak of the ridge. The wind dead this cloud under along the leeward slope where it dissipates v adiabatic heating. The base of this cloud lies near or below the peaks of the ridge; the top may reach a few thousand feet over the peaks.
Lenticular (Lens Shaped) Clouds form in the wave crests aloft and also lie in bands that may prolong to well above 40,000 feet.
Rotor Clouds form in the rojo eddies downstream. Castle resemble a long line the stratocumulus clouds, the bases of i m sorry lie below the mountain peaks and the top of which might reach to a considerable height above the peaks. Occasionally these clouds construct into thunderstorms.
The clouds, being really distinctive, have the right to be seen from a good distance and provide a clearly shows warning that the mountain wave condition. Unfortunately, sometimes they are embedded in various other cloud systems and also are hidden from sight. Occasionally the waiting mass is an extremely dry and the clouds carry out not develop.
The severity of the mountain wave and also the height to i m sorry the disturbance of the waiting is influenced is dependent on the strength of the wind, its angle to the selection and the stability or instability of the air. The many severe mountain wave conditions are created in strong airflows that room blowing at ideal angles come the selection and in stable air. A jet stream blowing virtually perpendicular come the mountain selection increases the severity the the wave condition.
The mountain wave phenomenon is not restricted only to high hill ranges, such together the Rockies, but is also present to a lesser degree in smaller mountain systems and even in currently of tiny hills.
Mountain waves existing problems to pilots for numerous reasons:
Vertical Currents. Downdrafts that 2000 feet every minute are common and downdrafts as good as 5000 feet per minute have actually been reported. They take place along the downward slope and are most severe in ~ a height equal to that of the summit. One airplane, caught in a downdraft, might be compelled to the ground.
Turbulence is usually incredibly severe in the waiting layer in between the ground and the top of the rotor clouds.
Wind Shear. The wind speed varies dramatically between the crests and troughs the the waves. It is usually many severe in the wave nearest the hill range.
Altimeter Error. The boost in wind speed outcomes in one accompanying diminish in pressure, which consequently affects the accuracy that the press altimeter.
Icing. The freeze level varies substantially from crest come trough. Serious icing deserve to occur due to the fact that of the huge supercooled droplets continual in the solid vertical currents.
When flying over a hill ridge whereby wave conditions exist: (1) protect against ragged and also irregular shaped cloudsthe rarely often rare shape shows turbulence. (2) method the mountain at a 45-degree angle. The you need to suddenly decide to rotate back, a rapid turn can be made far from the high ground. (3) protect against flying in cloud top top the hill crest (cap cloud) since of strong downdrafts and turbulence. (4) enable sufficient elevation to clean the highest possible ridges with altitude to preventive to prevent the downdrafts and also eddies on the downwind slopes. (5) constantly remember the your altimeter deserve to read end 3000 ft. In error on the high side in hill wave conditions.
A gust is a rapid and also irregular fluctuation of differing intensity in the upward and downward movement of waiting currents. It might be linked with a rapid change in wind direction. Gusts are caused by mechanical turbulence that results from friction between the air and also the ground and also by the unequal heating of the earth"s surface, an especially on hot summer afternoons.
A squall is a sudden rise in the strength of the wind of much longer duration 보다 a gust and also may be brought about by the passage of a quick moving cold prior or thunderstorm. Prefer a gust, it might be accompanied by a rapid change of wind direction.
Diurnal (daily) variation of wind is caused by strong surface heating during the day, which causes turbulence in the reduced levels. The result of this turbulence is that the direction and also speed the the wind in ~ the greater levels (e.g., 3000 feet) has tendency to be transferred to the surface. Due to the fact that the wind direction at the greater level is parallel come the isobars and its rate is higher than the surface wind, this transfer reasons the surface ar wind to veer and also increase in speed.
At night, over there is no surface ar heating and also therefore much less turbulence and also the surface ar wind has tendency to resume its normal direction and also speed. That backs and decreases. Check out VEERING and also BACKING section below for more info.
Friction between the relocating air mass and surface attributes of the planet (hills, mountains, valleys, trees, buildings, etc.) is responsible because that the swirling vortices the air generally called eddies. Castle vary substantially in size and intensity depending upon the size and also roughness the the surface obstruction, the speed of the wind and the degree of security of the air. They have the right to spin in one of two people a horizontal or upright plane. Stormy air and solid winds produce much more vigorous eddies. In secure air, eddies tend to quickly dissipate. Eddies produced in mountainous locations are specifically powerful.
The bumpy or choppy up and also down movement that signifies the presence of eddies provides it daunting to store an plane in level flight.
Dust devils room phenomena that occur quite frequently on the hot dry levels of mid-western north America. They deserve to be of sufficient force to present a danger to pilots of irradiate airplanes paris at low speeds.
They are small heat short that form on clear hot days. Given a steep slide out rate brought about by cool wait aloft over a warm surface, little horizontal waiting movement, couple of or no clouds, and the noonday sunlight heating level arid floor surfaces come high temperatures, the wait in contact with the ground becomes super-heated and also highly unstable. This surface ar layer of wait builds till something root cause an increase movement. As soon as started, the warm air rises in a column and draws an ext hot air right into the base of the column. Circulation begins about this heat low and also increases in velocity till a little vigorous whirlwind is created. Dust devils are usually of short duration and are so named since they room made visible by the dust, sand and also debris that they pick up native the ground.
Dust devils posture the best hazard close to the ground wherein they are many violent. Pilots proposing to land ~ above superheated runways in areas of the mid-west whereby this phenomenon is common should scan the airport for dust swirls or grass spirals the would suggest the existence of this hazard.
Tornadoes space violent, circular whirlpools the air connected with major thunderstorms and are, in fact, an extremely deep, concentrated low-pressure areas. They room shaped favor a tunnel hanging out of the cumulonimbus cloud and also are dark in appearance due to the dust and also debris sucked into their whirlpools. They selection in diameter from about 100 feet come one fifty percent mile and also move end the floor at speed of 25 come 50 knots. Their course over the soil is usually just a couple of miles lengthy although tornadoes have been report to cut destructive swaths as lengthy as 100 miles. The great destructiveness of tornadoes is brought about by the really low press in your centers and also the high wind speeds, i beg your pardon are understood to be as great as 300 knots.
WIND SPEEDS and also DIRECTION
Wind speeds for aviation objectives are express in knots (nautical miles per hour). In the derekwadsworth.com reports on us public radio and television, however, wind speed are given in miles every hour when in Canada speeds are given in kilometers per hour.
In a discussion of wind direction, the compass allude from i m sorry the wind is punch is considered to it is in its direction. Therefore, a phibìc wind is one that is blowing native the north towards the south. In aviation derekwadsworth.com reports, area and also aerodrome forecasts, the wind is always reported in levels true. In ATIS broadcasts and in the information offered by the tower because that landing and also take-off, the wind is report in degrees magnetic.
VEERING and BACKING
The wind veers when it alters direction clockwise. Example: The surface ar wind is blowing from 270°. In ~ 2000 feet that is blowing indigenous 280°. It has changed in a right-hand, or clockwise, direction.
The wind backs once it changes direction anti-clockwise. Example: The wind direction at 2000 feet is 090° and at 3000 feet is 085°. That is transforming in a left-hand, or anti-clockwise, direction.
In a descent from several thousand feet above the ground to ground level, the wind will usually be discovered to back and also decrease in velocity, as the result of surface ar friction becomes apparent. In a climb from the surface ar to several thousand feet AGL, the wind will certainly veer and also increase.
At night, surface cooling to reduce the eddy movement of the air. Surface ar winds will ago and decrease. Conversely, throughout the day, surface heating increases the eddy motion of the air. Surface winds will veer and increase as more powerful winds aloft mix to the surface. See DIURNAL VARIATIONS section above for much more info.
Wind shear is the sudden tearing or shearing effect encountered follow me the sheet of a region in which there is a violent readjust in wind rate or direction. It have the right to exist in a horizontal or upright direction and also produces churning motions and consequently turbulence. Under some conditions, wind direction transforms of as lot as 180 degrees and speed alters of as much as 80 knots have actually been measured.
The effect on airplane performance the encountering wind shear derives from the fact that the wind can change much much faster than the plane mass deserve to be accelerated or decelerated. Severe wind shears deserve to impose penalties on an airplane"s performance the are past its capabilities to compensate, especially during the an essential landing and also take-off phase of flight.
In seafaring Flight
In cruising flight, wind shear will likely be encountered in the change zone between the pressure gradient wind and the distorted regional winds in ~ the lower levels. It will likewise be encountered when climbing or descending with a temperature inversion and also when passing with a frontal surface. Wind shear is also associated with the jet stream. Plane encountering wind shear may experience a succession of updrafts and downdrafts, reductions or benefit in headwind, or windshifts that disrupt the developed flight path. It is not generally a significant problem since altitude and airspeed margins will certainly be enough to against the shear"s disadvantage effects. On occasion, however, the wind shear may be severe sufficient to cause an abrupt rise in fill factor, which might stall the airplane or inflict structural damage.
Near the Ground
Wind shear, encountered near the ground, is more serious and potentially really dangerous. There room four common sources of short level wind shear: thunderstorms, frontal activity, temperature inversions and solid surface winds passing roughly natural or manmade obstacles.
Frontal Wind Shear. Wind shear is typically a problem only in fronts with steep wind gradients. If the temperature difference across the front in ~ the surface ar is 5°C or more and if the front is moving at a rate of around 30 knots or more, wind shear is likely to be present. Frontal wind shear is a phenomenon connected with rapid moving cold fronts however can be existing in heat fronts together well.
Thunderstorms. Wind shear, connected with thunderstorms, occurs as the an outcome of two phenomena, the gust front and downbursts. As the thunderstorm matures, strong downdrafts develop, strike the ground and spread out horizontally follow me the surface well in advancement of the thunderstorm itself. This is the gust front. Winds can adjust direction by as lot as 180° and reach speeds as good as 100 knots as far as 10 mile ahead of the storm. The downburst is an extremely intense localized downdraft flowing out of a thunderstorm. The strength of the downburst can exceed plane climb capabilities. The downburst (there are two species of downbursts: macrobursts and microbursts) commonly is lot closer come the thunderstorm 보다 the gust front. Dust clouds, roll clouds, intense rainfall or virga (rain the evaporates prior to it get the ground) are due to the possibility of downburst activity but there is no method to accurately suspect its occurrence.
Temperature Inversions. Overnight cooling creates a temperature inversion a couple of hundred feet above the soil that have the right to produce far-reaching wind shear, particularly if the reverse is coupled v the low-level jet stream.
As a nocturnal reverse develops, the wind shear close to the optimal of the reverse increases. It usually reaches its best speed soon after midnight and decreases in the morning as daytime heater dissipates the inversion. This phenomenon is known as the low-level nocturnal jet stream. The low level jet stream is a sheet of solid winds, thousands of miles long, thousands of miles large and thousands of feet special that forms over flat terrain such together the prairies. Wind speeds of 40 knots space common, yet greater speeds have actually been measured. Short level jet streams room responsible for hazardous low level shear.
As the inversion dissipates in the morning, the shear aircraft and gusty winds move closer to the ground, resulting in windshifts and increases in wind speed close to the surface.
Surface Obstructions. The irregular and turbulent flow of air around mountains and also hills and also through hill passes causes serious wind shear difficulties for plane approaching to land in ~ airports near hill ridges. Wind shear is a phenomenon associated with the hill wave. Such shear is virtually totally unpredictable however should be supposed whenever surface winds are strong.
Wind shear is likewise associated with hangars and large buildings in ~ airports. Together the wait flows roughly such large structures, wind direction changes and wind speed increases causing shear.
Wind shear wake up both horizontally and vertically. Upright shear is most typical near the ground and can pose a serious peril to airplanes during take-off and landing. The plane is paris at lower speeds and also in a reasonably high drag configuration. There is tiny altitude accessible for recovering and also stall and also maneuver margins room at their lowest. An plane encountering the wind shear phenomenon may experience a large loss that airspeed due to the fact that of the sudden readjust in the family member airflow as the aircraft flies into a new, moving air mass. The abrupt autumn in airspeed may result in a stall, developing a dangerous situation when the plane is only a few hundred feet off the floor and very vulnerable.
THE JET STREAM
Narrow bands the exceedingly high speed winds are known to exist in the higher levels that the environment at altitudes varying from 20,000 to 40,000 feet or more. Castle are known as jet streams. As many as three significant jet streams may traverse the phibìc American continent at any kind of given time. One lies across Northern Canada and also one across the U.S. A 3rd jet stream might be as far south together the northern tropics however it is rather rare. A jet present in the mid latitudes is usually the strongest.
The jet stream shows up to it is in closely connected with the tropopause and with the polar front. It frequently forms in the break in between the polar and the tropical tropopause where the temperature gradients are intensified. The mean position the the jet present shears southern in winter and also north in summer through the seasonal migrate of the polar front. Since the troposphere is depth in summer than in winter, the tropopause and the jets will nominally be at greater altitudes in the summer.
Long, strong jet streams room usually likewise associated v well-developed surface ar lows in ~ deep upper troughs and also lows. A low emerging in the tide along the frontal surface lies south of the jet. Together it deepens, the low moves near the jet. As it occludes, the short moves north of the jet, which the cross the frontal system, close to the allude of occlusion. The jet flows about parallel come the front. The subtropical jet stream is not associated with fronts but forms due to the fact that of strong solar heater in the equatorial regions. The ascending air transforms poleward at very high levels yet is deflected by the Coriolis force into a solid westerly jet. The subtropical jet predominates in winter.
The jet streams circulation from west come east and may encircle the whole hemisphere. An ext often, because they are stronger in some locations than in others, they break up right into segments part 1000 come 3000 nautical mile long. They are usually around 300 nautical miles vast and may be 3000 come 7000 feet thick. This jet stream segments relocate in one easterly direction adhering to the motion of push ridges and also troughs in the top atmosphere.
Winds in the central core that the jet stream space the strongest and may reach speeds as good as 250 knots, return they room generally between 100 and also 150 knots. Wind speeds decrease toward the outer edges that the jet stream and also may be blowing at only 25 knots there. The price of diminish of wind rate is significantly greater top top the northern edge than on the southerly edge. Wind speeds in the jet stream are, on average, significantly stronger in winter than in summer.
Clear air Turbulence. The most probable place to mean Clear Air turbulence (CAT) is just over the central core the the jet stream close to the polar tropopause and also just below the core. Clean air turbulence does not occur in the core. CAT is encountered more frequently in winter as soon as the jet present winds space strongest. Nevertheless, CAT is not always present in the jet present and, due to the fact that it is random and transient in nature, it is virtually impossible come forecast.
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Clear air turbulence may be connected with other derekwadsworth.com patterns, specifically in wind shear linked with the sharply bent contours of solid lows, troughs and ridges aloft, at or below the tropopause, and in locations of solid cold or heat air advection. Hill waves create severe CAT the may prolong from the mountain crests to as high as 5000 feet over the tropopause. Since severe CAT does pose a risk to airplanes, pilots should try to protect against or minimize encounters with it. These rules of thumb may assist avoid jet streams with solid winds (150 knots) at the core. Solid wind shears are likely over and below the core. CAT within the jet present is an ext intense above and to the lee of hill ranges. If the 20-knot isotachs (lines joining areas of same wind speeds) are closer than 60 nautical miles on the charts showing the places of the jet stream, wind shear and CAT space possible.
Curving jet streams are likely to have turbulent edges, specifically those the curve around a deep pressure trough. When moderate or serious CAT has actually been reported or is forecast, change speed to stormy air speed instantly on encountering the first bumpiness or even prior to encountering that to protect against structural damage to the airplane.
The locations of CAT room usually shallow and also narrow and also elongated with the wind. If jet stream turbulence is encountered with a tail wind or head wind, a turn to the appropriate will uncover smoother waiting and much more favorable winds. If the CAT is encountered in a crosswind, the is no so essential to change course together the rough area will certainly be narrow.


The dazzling Perseid meteor shower coming soon to Toronto area skies
Summer is great for skywatching, and the Perseid Meteor Shower in August will really prove that.
The annual show is one of the best skywatching events because of the amount of meteors, and their brightness. It's set to peak the weekend of August 11 and 12, as Earth's revolution around the sun takes it through the dust clouds of the Swift-Tuttle comet.
Complete darkness isn't absolutely necessary, but you will be able to see much more of the show if you head out of the city to somewhere with a little less light pollution. Consulting a light pollution map is key.
The rate at which meteors shower through the sky changes every year, but researchers are expecting you will be able to see around 60-70 every hour. Sometimes, the rate can be even higher than predicted.
If you're lucky, you might catch a glimpse of Mars too, which has been having a great time lately, in terms of its visibility from Earth. And, as another added bonus, the weekend of the Perseids will see a new moon, dim in the sky as a thin crescent, so it won't interfere with your view.
It takes Earth about a month to move through the comet's path, so the meteor shower will be visible for a while. But, to get the best view with the most fireballs, August 11 and 12 are your best bet.
Don't forget to pack a camera, and check the weather! If it's clear enough, you're in for a great show.
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Massive rainstorm in Nepal, 35 killed and over 400 injured
At least 35 people were killed and 400 others injured as a massive rainstorm hit several villages in southern Nepal, officials said on Monday. The number of deaths would likely increase as the storm had hit many villages in the Bara district, located about 120 kilometers (75 miles) south of the capital, Kathmandu, said Government administrator Rajesh Poudel. The storm hit many villages in Parsa districts also, according to the Home Ministry officials.
Updated : 01 April 2019, 11:03 AM


Current Group Members:
J. Michael Battalio: Michael studies atmospheric dynamics via comparative planetology, particularly focusing on Earth, Mars, and Titan. All three bodies are marked by storm systems that are controlled by the unique conditions and constituents of their atmospheres.
Sooman Han: Sooman is interested in the evolution and habitability of planets and worked on modeling Jupiter’s radiation belts before joining Lora’s group. Currently, he studies atmospheric dynamics of Titan using the Titan Atmospheric Model (TAM).
Caleb Keaveney: Caleb studies planetary atmospheres, with particular interests in the atmospheric and climate dynamics of outer solar system worlds.
Nick Lombardo: Nick is broadly interested in the formation and evolution of planetary systems through the study of their atmospheric dynamics and chemistry. His research is primarily concerned with Titan’s stratosphere.
Serena Scholz: Serena is interested in the evolution of Earth’s hydroclimate, particularly how precipitation patterns change with time. She is currently studying the dynamics and effects of atmospheric rivers.
- Ashley Arroyo (minor discourse)
- Zhiyuan Li (minor discourse)
- Annika Margevich (minor discourse)
- Alyse Olcott
- Ethan Olim
Past Group Members:
- Guillaume Delaviel (minor discourse 2019–2021)


Huron County tornado destroys homes, causes power outage
A tornado in Huron County reportedly injured six people, destroyed dozens of homes and left nearly two thousand people without power.
The National Weather Service confirmed a tornado bringing winds up to 120 mph touched down in Port Austin early Saturday evening.
The Huron County sheriff said the tornado’s path was approximately three and a half miles long.
Since the tornado hit, volunteers have mobilized and businesses opened up their services to help out anyone in need, in an outpour of local support.
Residents are currently working to clean up debris and help the community rebuild.
DTE estimates power will be restored around midnight on Monday for the remaining 700 people without electricity.
This story was produced as part of the Michigan News Group internship. Teresa is based at the Huron Daily Tribune.


Mayor to review response to blizzard
Storm shut down Madison Metro two days
MADISON, Wis. — Madison Mayor Paul Soglin and the city’s public works department will discuss the city’s response to last week’s blizzard that dumped up to 19 inches of snow in the city.
A meeting with the media is scheduled for Wednesday at 11 a.m.
Soglin said more than 175 pieces of public and private equipment were used to clear city streets during the storm. He said the city got to many residential streets first because they didn’t want the snow to accumulate there.
The storm shut down Madison schools and Madison Metro bus service for two days.
Madison firefighters responded to at least 37 reports of downed power lines.
Thousands of homes were without power at some point during the storm and the cold, windy weather that followed it.
Watch: Mayor Soglin on News 3 during the Dec. 20 stormSoglin on Dec. 20 snow storm


What day do the days start to get longer?
Bottom line: The 2020 December solstice takes place on Monday, December 21 at 10:02 UTC (4:02 a.m. CST; translate UTC to your time). It marks the Northern Hemisphere’s shortest day ( first day of winter ) and Southern Hemisphere’s longest day (first day of summer).
What month does it start getting lighter?
Daylight hours will get longer everyday until the summer solstice (longest day of the year) – the next one being on June 21 2021 in the Northern Hemisphere. The mornings started getting brighter at the beginning of January, rather than on the solstice itself.
How much longer is each day after the winter solstice?
Near the December solstice, each solar day is about 24 hours and 30 seconds long. That means it takes a little longer than 24 hours for the sun to appear in the same place in the sky from one day to the next.
Are days getting longer 2020?
The days will continue to get longer until we reach the Summer Solstice on June 20th. After that, the days will slowly start to get shorter again. But it’s a slow process, the sun will still rise before 6 AM through July 26, 2020, and the sun will continue to set after 8 PM through August 11th, 2020.
How many minutes of daylight do we gain each day?
As the sun moves higher in the sky between March and June, there are two more minutes of daylight each day.
What’s the shortest day of the year 2020?
In 2020 the winter solstice will occur on Monday 21 December.
What time is it meant to get dark tonight?
Sydney, NSW, Australia — Sunrise, Sunset, and Moon Times for Today
|Current Time:||Feb 8, 2021 at 11:02:31 am|
|Sunset Today:||7:51 pm↑ 253° West|
|Moonrise Today:||5:22 am↑ 116° Southeast|
|Moonset Today:||7:49 pm↑ 246° West|
|Daylight Hours:||13 hours, 25 minutes (-1m 55s)|
Why are mornings darker in January?
Dr Marek Kukula, an astronomer at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, said that a combination of the tilt of the earth and its elliptical orbit make the sunrise ‘hang’ during the late December and early January period. “This, combined with the tilt of the earth, means that mornings stay darker.”
How quickly does it get lighter after the shortest day?
The days get longer by an average of 2 minutes and 7 seconds every day after 21 December. It won’t be until around 18 January that an extra hour of daylight will come, and every 28 days (four weeks) thereafter, an hour or so of sunshine should lighten the days.
What is the darkest day of the year?
The Winter Solstice is fast approaching. It’s the northern hemisphere’s shortest day and longest night, set to occur on Monday, December 21, 2020. This solstice occurs when the earth tilts on its axis, pulling the northern hemisphere away from direct sunlight.
What is the longest and shortest day of the year?
Winter Solstice: In the Southern Hemisphere, today is Summer Solstice — in places like Australia, New Zealand and South Africa, December 21 is the year’s longest day. Today, December 21, is Winter Solstice, the shortest day of the year in the Northern Hemisphere.
Whats the longest day in the year?
When is the longest day of the year? In the northern hemisphere, the summer solstice, or longest day of the year, takes place between June 20 and 22 each year.
What is considered spring 2020?
Dates for Spring
|Year||Spring Starts||Spring Ends|
|Spring 2020||Thursday, March 19 2020||Saturday, June 20 2020|
|Spring 2021||Saturday, March 20 2021||Sunday, June 20 2021|
|Spring 2022||Sunday, March 20 2022||Tuesday, June 21 2022|
|Spring 2023||Monday, March 20 2023||Wednesday, June 21 2023|


Light winds, Gennaker performing well.
Richard and Janet
Mon 26 Jan 2015 13:33
Current position: "18:02.03N 42:38.25W"Very light air as of yesterday evening, only blowing 3-8kn right now but expected to pick up to the 10-15kn range by later today, then 15-20 for a few hours on Tuesday. Now we just try to avoid the very light wind areas until we reach Antigua!


|Fishing boats dock at Bái Tử Long Island in Quảng Ninh Province in preparation for the approaching typhoon. — VNS Photo Việt Thanh
HÀ NỘI — Typhoon No.3, internationally known as Wipha, is forecast to hit the northern coastal province of Quảng Ninh and Hải Phòng City at 4pm today, according to the National Hydro-meteorological Forecast Centre.
At 4am on Friday, the storm eye was seen 180km away from the province with wind speed recorded at level 9 (of 12 levels) of 75 to 90km per hour.
The storm is moving west at five to 10km per hour. After it hits northern provinces from Quảng Ninh to Thái Bình on Friday night, the storm is expected to weaken to a tropical depression.
Strong winds at level 7 to 8 have been recorded over the Tonkin Gulf, including on islands Bạch Long Vĩ, Cô Tô, Cát Hải and Vân Đồn.
Coastal areas in Quảng Ninh and Hải Phòng have been warned against storm surges and high tides of 4 to 4.5 metres.
The Red River Delta is predicted to have strong winds at level 7 on Friday afternoon.
Downpours are expected in the northern and central regions from Friday to Sunday.
Hải Phòng's Cát Bi Airport and Quảng Ninh Province’s Vân Đồn Airport will be temporarily closed from 12pm on Friday to 12pm on Saturday due to the storm.
Airlines have also adjusted their flight schedules to ensure aviation safety, with many flights to and from the two airports cancelled on Friday.
Eleven flights operated by Vietjet Air to and from Hải Phòng on Friday and Saturday have been cancelled. Other flights are expected to be affected.
Jetstar Pacific has cancelled two flights to and from Hải Phòng on Friday and altered the schedules of flights on other routes.
Vietnam Airlines has cancelled six flights connecting Hải Phòng and HCM City on Friday and Saturday and changed the departure time of other flights to Hải Phòng.
According to the Steering Committee for Natural Disaster Prevention and Rescue under the High Command of Border Guards, till 6am today, the agency have collaborated with local authorities to evacuate more than 72,000 boats and nearly 300,000 people working on seas from Quảng Ninh to Thanh Hoá provinces.
Water levels in the northern region’s reservoirs are at 60 to 70 per cent of capacity while reservoirs in the northern central region remain at the low level of 25 to 30 per cent.
Currently, from Quảng Ninh to Hà Tĩnh, there are 141 reservoirs that are damaged and 62 others under construction that might pose dangers for local residents and farms when floods occur. — VNS


With heavy snow expected, utility crews across northern New York and parts of Vermont are getting ready for what could be hours of repair and restoration work. With a series of severe weather events in recent years, power providers across the region have updated their plans to get ready for and respond to weather, and in some cases, man-made disasters. The New York Power Authority CEO, Gil Quiniones, spoke to WAMC about those changes. He says after Tropical Storms Irene and Lee, the Power Authority came up with 26 recommendations to improve communications during storms as part of its Lessons Learned Project.
Schools are closed and state offices in Vermont delayed the start of the work day today. But the snowstorm that rampaged up the Atlantic coast is being met with typical New England pragmatism in Vermont and New York.
On an 11am conference call with the media, Governor didn't give the "all clear" just yet, but he did say "Mother nature has moved on somewhat" and the snowfall is pretty much over across the state. He said his decision to close roadways between midnight and 5 am turned out to be the right call - there were weather-related fatalities - Authorities say a 71-year-old woman suffering from Alzheimer's disease has frozen to death after she wandered away from her rural western New York home.
An already busy winter weather season continues in New York and New England.
A winter storm warning is in effect as up to a foot of snow is expected through Friday morning for the Capital Region, Vermont and western Massachusetts. Luigi Meccariello is a meteorologist in the National Weather Service’s Albany office.
Ice is building up on trees and bringing down power lines in northern New England, leaving thousands of homes and business in Vermont and Maine without electricity.
Vtoutages.org lists more than 16,000 outages, most across northern Vermont. In Maine, Bangor Hydro Electric reported about 11,500 outages Sunday morning, mostly along the coast, and Central Maine Power was working to restore power to about 450 customers, most of them in York County.
Another shot of wintry weather is heading for the Northeast, with a foot or more of snow possible in New England.
The snow and ice storm is expected to slow weekend travel by air, rail and highway and has utilities and airports on alert.
The National Weather Service says 6 to 12 inches of snow are expected from Saturday to Sunday in New England. Up to 14 inches are possible along the Maine coast but as little as 2 inches on Cape Cod. Areas north and west of New York City and interior Pennsylvania also could get 8 inches or more.


Earlier, we have reported that Delhi’s toxic post-Diwali air pollution may affect the first T20I between India versus Bangladesh. India and Bangladesh will play a three-match T20I series, the first T20i of the series will be played in Delhi, but Delhi’s toxic post-Diwali air pollution becomes a major concern. But Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal gives an update on this and says that we are hoping that pollution will not come in the way of cricket and match should be played in Delhi.
“I hope that pollution will not come in the way of cricket. To reduce pollution, we are also implementing the odd-even scheme from November 4,” Delhi CM Arvind Kejriwal told reporters at the Delhi Secretariat.
“I have seen that in this season, matches have been played earlier as well. The match should be played in Delhi,” he added.
“Look, we have factored in the post-Diwali air pollution in Delhi, but since the match is a week away, we are hopeful that the players won’t face any health hazards,” a senior BCCI official told PTI last week. The official, however, acknowledged there are practical concerns.
According to the Ministry of Earth Sciences’ air quality monitor, SAFAR, levels of PM2.5 tiny particulate matter of diameter 2.5 or less than 2.5 microns that can enter deep into the lungs reached as high as 735 at Delhi University on Monday.
India and Bangladesh have played eight T20I matches before, and India have won all the T20i match. Rohit Sharma is the highest scorer in this T20I matches. Virat Kohli will not Part of this T20I series so that Rohit Sharma will lead the team.
After this series, both the team will also play a two-match test series where Virat Kohli back in the team and lead the side.


India spread over 3214 km from north to south and 2933 km from east to west. India share land border in North-West with Afghanistan and Pakistan; in North with China, Bhutan and Nepal; in East with Myanmar, Bangladesh.
WeatherGenerally there are four seasons, according to government data
- winter (December-February)
- summer (March-June)
- south-west monsoon season (June-September)
- post monsoon season (October-November)
All Part of India has a different experience of weather North and East is colder than West and South. South India is more humid than other parts. South and West are less hot than the North and East in Summer.