Saturday, May 13, 2017
- Buoy 146 (Lanai): Seas were 3.1 ft @ 13.3 secs with swell 2.3 ft @ 13.2 secs from 196 degrees.
- Buoy 46025 (Catalina RDG): Seas were 4.5 ft @ 10.0 secs with swell 2.6 ft @ 10.2 secs from 271 degrees. Wind northwest 8-10 kts. Water temperature 62.1 degs. At Ventura swell was 4.3 ft @ 6.5 secs from 262 degrees. At Santa Monica swell was 2.9 ft @ 10.2 secs from 264 degrees. At Camp Pendleton swell was 2.7 ft @ 6.4 secs from 267 degrees. Southward at Pt Loma swell was 4.0 ft @ 9.4 secs from 280 degrees.
- Buoy 46012 (Half Moon Bay)/029 (Pt Reyes): Seas were 9.2 ft @ 10.5 secs with swell 7.0 ft @ 10.4 secs from 296 degrees. Wind northwest 16-20 kts at the buoy. Water temp 54.0 degs.
46006, 46059, Hi-Res Buoy Dashboards (bottom of the page)
Swell Classification Guidelines
Significant: Winter - Swell 8 ft @ 14 secs or greater (11+ ft faces) for 8+ hours (greater than double overhead).
Summer - Head high or better.
Advanced: Winter - Swell and period combination capable of generating faces 1.5 times overhead to double overhead (7-10 ft)
Summer - Chest to head high.
Intermediate/Utility Class: Winter - Swell and period combination generating faces at head high to 1.5 times overhead (4-7 ft).
Summer - Waist to chest high.
Impulse/Windswell: Winter - Swell and period combination generating faces up to head high (1-4 ft) or anything with a period less than 11 secs.
Summer - up to waist high swell. Also called 'Background' swell.
Surf Heights for Hawaii should be consider 'Hawaiian Scale' if period exceeds 14 secs.
On Saturday (5/13) in North and Central CA local windswell and Gulf windswell was hitting producing surf at 1-2 ft overhead and somewhat lined up but pretty warbled and chopped from local northerly winds. Protected breaks were shoulder high or so and cleaner but still warbled. At Santa Cruz windswell/Gulf swell combo was waist to chest high and clean but soft. In Southern California up north local windswell was producing waves in the waist high range and clean early. In North Orange Co surf was waist to chest high on the sets and soft coming from the northwest and textured from northwest wind. In South Orange Co surf was waist high or so and textured from north wind. In San Diego northwest windswell was producing surf at chest to shoulder high and textured from northwest wind. Hawaii's North Shore was near flat and clean. The South Shore had waist high sets and was clean. The East Shore was getting local east windswell at shoulder to head high and chopped from east trades.
See QuikCASTs for the 5 day surf overview or read below for the detailed view.
On Saturday (5/13) local windswell and windswell from a low pressure system previously in the Gulf of Alaska was hitting California and unremarkable. No swell from the Southern Hemi was in the water. A weak gale was developing in the far Southeast Pacific today with seas forecast building to 33 ft before moving out of the California swell window. Little to result from it. But long term the models suggest a storm building south of New Zealand on Fri (5/19) with up to 50 ft seas aimed north. Something to monitor. Summer is here.
SHORT- TERM FORECAST
Current marine weather and wave analysis plus forecast conditions for the next 72 hours
On Saturday (5/13) windswell from a gale previously in the Gulf was hitting California and mixing with local windswell generated by high pressure at 1038 mbs filling the Gulf of Alaska and producing the standard summer time pressure gradient along the coast.
Also a tiny gale developed over the Northern Dateline region on Thurs PM (5/11) producing 40 kt west winds for 12 hours generating 23 ft seas at 50N 177W. This system was gone 12 hours later. No swell of interest is to result for either Hawaii or California.
Over the next 72 hours high pressure is to remain in control along the CA coast with northwest winds at 20 kts or greater into Tues AM (5/16) generating raw local northerly windswell. The high was also generating enhanced trades (east wind) from California to and extending over Hawaii at 20 kts and forecast to hold into late Monday (5/15) then fading Tuesday (see QuikCASTs for details).
Also low pressure is to develop off the Kuril Islands Sat-Sun (5/14) with 30-35 kt northwest winds producing up to 18 ft seas at 40N 167E at 06z Sun (5/14) somewhat targeting Hawaii. It is to fade from there. This system is to be a long ways away with low odds of any swell resulting.
North Pacific Animations: Jetstream - Surface Pressure/Wind - Sea Height - Surf Height
No tropical systems of interest are being monitored.
California Nearshore Forecast
On Saturday (5/13) high pressure was centered in the Gulf of Alaska at 1036 mbs with north winds in control of the California coast except for Southern CA. Winds were near 30 kts just off Pt Conception early but only 10-15 kts from San Francisco northward to Cape Mendocino but building there in the afternoon. Sunday northwest winds build to 20 kts for all of North and Central CA and up to 25 kts for Pt Conception pushing into Southern CA in the afternoon. The gradient is to hold on Mon (5/15) with northwest winds 20-25 kts for all of North and Central CA pushing into Southern CA in the afternoon. North winds moderating some on Tues (5/16) at 10-15 kts for all of North and Central CA and 20 kts for Pt Conception. Wednesday northwest winds build to 20-25 kts for all of North and Central CA and building into Southern CA late AM. More of the same on Thurs (5/18) but with light winds for Southern CA. The gradient lifts north and fades on Fri (5/19) with north winds 20 kts focused only on North CA with 10 kt north winds from San Francisco southward. The gradient fades more on Saturday (5/20) with north winds 15-20 kts for Cape Mendocino and 10 kts or less south of there.
On Saturday AM (5/13) the jetstream was generally split over the entire southern hemi with the northern branch running east on the 30S latitude line and the southern branch on the 60S line. A ridge in the northern branch was in play over the Southeast Pacific causing the northern branch to merge with the southern branch starting at 140W and most pronounced just off Southern Chile. There was something that almost looked like a trough in the southern branch near 130W offering weak support for gale development and then better support just off Chile. Over the next 72 hours the split zonal flow is to continue with the northern branch still falling south over the Eastern South Pacific and something that sort of looks like a trough persisting from 120W into Chile through Tues (5/16) offering some support for gale development mainly focused on Chile. Beyond 72 hours more of the same is forecast (split zonal flow) over the greater South Pacific but with a defined steep trough developing in the far Southeast Pacific just off Chile being fed by 140 kt winds offering decent support for gale development targeting Peru and Chile on Tues (5/16) then moving onshore there. Longterm the models continue to suggest a defined trough building under New Zealand on Thurs (5/18) being fed by 140 kt winds and holding form into Sat (5/20) possibly supporting gale development in lower levels of the atmosphere.
On Saturday AM (5/13) no southern hemi swell was in the water.
Over the next 72 hours a gale started to develop in the deep Southeast Pacific on Fri PM (5/12) with 40 kt west winds and seas building. On Sat AM (5/13) winds built to 45 kts from the south with seas building to 32 ft at 57S 130W. In the evening winds are to hold at 45 kts but coming from the southwest aimed more at Chile with seas 33 ft at 63S 120W and 30 ft seas reaching north to 53S 120W and barely in the California swell window. By Sun AM (5/14) fetch is to be fading from 40 kts moving east and out of the CA swell window targeting only Chile with seas 33 ft 63W 115W. Possible small south angled swell for Southern CA. Something to monitor.
South Pacific Animations: Jetstream - Surface Pressure/Wind - Sea Height - Surf Height
Marine weather and forecast conditions 3-10 days into the future
Beyond 72 hours the models suggest some form of low pressure system developing in the Gulf of Alaska on Sat (5/20) producing 30-35 kts west winds and seas to 19 ft at 42N 155W.
After that the North Pacific is to go to sleep.
Beyond 72 hours there's suggestion of a broad gale developing Wed PM (5/17) south of New Zealand with winds 40 kts from the south-southwest and seas building from 32 ft at 51S 159E. Fetch is to build in coverage Thurs AM (5/18) at 35-40 kts from the southwest over a large area with 30 ft seas building at 49S 165E aimed well to the north but mostly shadowed by New Zealand. Significant development is forecast in the evening with a broad fetch of 45-50 kt south winds taking shape well south of New Zealand with seas building from 28 ft down at 60S 168E with 33 ft seas at 51S 167E. By Friday AM (5/19) a large area of 50-60 kt south winds are forecast well south of New Zealand with 43 ft seas building at 59S 173E targeting New Zealand, Hawaii and California (195 degs HI, 210 degs NCal and barely unshadowed by Tahiti, 210 degs SCal and shadowed). The fetch is to lift north in the evening fading to 50 kts with 50 ft seas at 53S 178E (195 degs HI, 213 degs Ncal and unshadowed, 215 degs SCal and shadowed). Fetch fading Sat Am (5/20) from 40 kts from the south with 40 ft seas fading at 49S 173W (192 degs HI, 211 degs NCal and barely unshadowed, 210 degs SCal and shadowed). Something to monitor.
More details to follow...
Weak Oceanic Kelvin Wave Trying to Push East
The Madden Julian Oscillation is a periodic weather cycle that tracks east along the equator circumnavigating the globe. It is characterized in it's Inactive Phase by enhanced trade winds and dry weather over the part of the equator it is in control of, and in it's Active Phase by slackening if not an outright reversing trade winds while enhancing precipitation. The oscillation occurs in roughly 20-30 day cycles (Inactive for 20-30 days, then Active for 20-30 days) over any single location on the planet, though most noticeable in the Pacific. During the Active Phase in the Pacific the MJO tends to support the formation of stronger and longer lasting gales resulting in enhanced potential for the formation of swell producing storms. Prolonged and consecutive Active MJO Phases in the Pacific help support the formation of El Nino. During the Inactive Phase the jet stream tends to split resulting in high pressure and less potential for swell producing storm development. Wind anomalies in the Kelvin Wave Generation Area (KWGA) are key for understanding what Phase the MJO is in over the Pacific. The KWGA is located on the equator from 135E-170W and 5 degs north and south (or on the equator from New Guinea east to the dateline). West wind anomalies in the KWGA suggest the Active Phase of the MJO in the Pacific, and east anomalies suggests the Inactive Phase. In turn the Active Phase strengthens and the Inactive Phase weakens the jetstream, which in turn enhances or dampens storm production respectively in the Pacific.The paragraphs below analyze the state of the MJO in the Pacific and provide forecasts for MJO activity (which directly relate to the potential for swell production).
Overview: La Nina started developing in early 2016, but westward displaced and generally weak. And by March 2017, it was gone with suspicious warming developing along South America and over the Galapagos to a point south of Hawaii. By May the atmosphere returned to a neutral configuration.
KWGA/Equatorial Surface Wind Analysis & Short-term Forecast:
Analysis (TAO Buoys): As of Friday (5/12) east winds were over the entire equatorial Pacific and marginally weaker in the south Kelvin Wave Generation Area. Anomalies were neutral everywhere. La Nina appears to be gone in the atmosphere.
1 Week Forecast (GFS Model): East anomalies were building over the core of the KWGA. The forecast suggests strong east anomalies building over the entire KWGA and holding through 5/18, then backing off some and tracking east but still in control of the Central KWGA. This suggests the Inactive Phase of the MJO was moving over the KWGA.
Kelvin Wave Generation Area wind monitoring model: West and East
Longer Range MJO/WWB Projections:
OLR Models: As of 5/12 a building Inactive/Dry MJO pattern was moving over the KWGA. The statistic model projects the Inactive Phase tracking east to the dateline over the next week then fading while the Active Phase builds in the Indian Ocean moving to the Maritime Continent 2 weeks out. The dynamic model depicts the same thing. All this suggest that the previous pattern of the Inactive Phase of the MJO constructively integrating with the remains of La Nina appears to be gone and a more balanced/normal ENSO Pattern is taking hold.
Phase Diagrams 2 week forecast (ECMF and GEFS): (5/13) The ECMF model indicates the Active Phase of the MJO was modest over Northeast Africa and is forecast to track east quickly to the Indian Ocean 10 days out and then to the Maritime Continent 2 weeks out. The GEFS depicts the same thing. These models runs about a week ahead of what occurs down at the surface.
40 day Upper Level Model: (5/13) This model depicts a modest Inactive Pattern over the dateline. It is to track east to Central America through 5/26. A very weak Active pattern to follow in the West Pacific 5/24 tracking east to the East Pacific through 6/17. A very weak Inactive Phase is to follow in the West Pacific 6/22. This model runs about 2 weeks ahead of what happens at the surface.
CFS Model - 3 month (850 mb wind): (5/13) This model depicts the Inactive Phase of the MJO was over the Central KWGA with modest east anomalies in play in the KWGA. Beyond the Inactive Phase is to peak on 5/20 then fade but still holding through 6/7 with weak westerly anomalies in the Central KWGA by 5/21 but fading by 5/27 with neutral anomalies in control. After that the Active Phase is to move into the KWGA on 6/15 with light west anomalies building, getting solid 7/1 and holding decently through 8/9 (the end of the run). This is likely overstated a the model has been teasing of west anomalies for months and yet they never develop. The low pass filter indicates La Nina is to hold on in the KWGA till 6/2 (previously 5/6-5/8). There's no signs of El Nino developing. It will take 5 years or more for the Pacific to recharge from the 2014-16 El Nino.
CFSv2 3 month forecast for 850 mb winds, MJO, Rossby etc
Subsurface Waters Temps
TAO Array: (5/13) Actual temperatures remain stratified with warm water in the West Pacific at 30 degs C steady at 159E. The 28 deg isotherm line continues is steady at 149W. The 26 deg isotherm continued easing to the east reaching to the Galapagos with the 24 degs isotherm over a modest pool down 25 meters (75 meters at 140W) and holding. Warm anomalies at +2 degs are in the East Pacific and +2 degs anomalies in the West Pacific down at 125m. More interesting is a thin stream of +1 degs anomalies now stretch from the west to the east indicative of some form of weak Kelvin Wave. The hi-res GODAS animation posted 5/8 depicts that warm water is fading in the East Pac at +0-1 degs in a few small pockets easing east over a shallow pool to about 145W. Cool water at -1-2 degs is at depth between 110W-150W but is noticeably loosing coverage. A warm pocket at +4 degs is at 180W and trying to move east. La Nina has lost control of the ocean at depth with something that almost resembles a warm pattern taking shape. The concern is there is not much warm water in the far West Pacific to feed any sort of a progressive Kelvin Wave pattern.
Sea Level Anomalies: (5/8) +0-5 cm anomalies are along the coast of Peru and Ecuador but are fading. In the west +5 cm anomalies are over the entire KWGA and pushing east now reaching to 130W, suggestive of a weak Kelvin Wave tracking east. La Nina is gone in the East Pacific with a neutral to weak warm trend trying to hold on.
Surface Water Temps: The more warm water in the equatorial East Pacific means more storm production in the North Pacific during winter months (roughly speaking). Cold water in that area has a dampening effect. Regardless of what the atmospheric models and surface winds suggest, actual water temperatures are a ground-truth indicator of what is occurring in the ocean. All data is from blended infrared and microwave sensors.
Hi-res Nino1.2 & 3.4: (5/12) The latest images (1.2 3.4) indicate a generalized warm pattern is building along the coasts of Northern Chile and Peru north to Ecuador then extending west over the Galapagos and out to sea out to 160W. Warming to +2 degs is in multiple pockets in this region. Upwelling along the immediate coasts of Peru and North Chile is all but gone. Looking at the large picture, warming in the southern hemi extends east thousands of miles off the coast of South America as far south as 20S or more. But it is not well defined. La Nina is gone and it looks like an El Nino like pattern is returning, though that seems hard to believe given the limited volume of subsurface warm water in the West equatorial Pacific.
Hi-res 7 day Trend (5/12): A warming trend is developing along immediate Chile and Peru. Marked warming extends off Ecuador to the Galapagos and then out to 100W in a thin stream. A weak warming trend is present in the Northern Hemi modesty from Oregon out to Hawaii reaching west to the Philippines. Overall nothing remarkable is indicated.
Hi-res Overview: (5/10) There is no sign of La Nina anywhere on the equator. A solid warm regime holds from Ecuador west to 140W and less energetic out to the dateline. It looks like El Nino is trying to develop and making headway into the Nino3.4 region. Overall waters of all oceans of the planet are warmer than normal. Suspect climatology needs to be updated to reflect this new reality, or the recent Super El Nino has significantly redistributed heat across the oceans.
Nino1.2 Daily CDAS Index Temps: (5/13) Today's temps are rising steadily at +0.579, down from the peak of +3.0 degs on 3/18.
Nino 3.4 Daily CDAS Index Temps: Today (5/11) temps holding, hovering at +0.482 degs.
CFSV2 Forecast for Nino3.4 SST Anomalies
SST Anomaly Projections
CFSv2 Uncorrected Data (5/13) The forecast has temps slowly falling from +0.5 degs today down to +0.35 degs in July holding into Aug, then falling to +0.25 degs in Oct dropping to +0.1 degs in Jan 2018. This suggests a weakly cooler but still normal pattern developing for the Winter of 2017-2018. CFS data suggests a Modoki style warming pattern over the dateline this Fall and Winter. La Nina is over and a return to normal temps appears to have occurred in the ocean. There is no source for greater warming with the warm pool in the far West Pacific pretty weak. Much recharging and heat buildup is required for a real El Nino to develop. We're at least 5 years out from that.
IRI Consensus Plume: The mid-April Plume updated (4/19) depicts temps are warming and are now at +0.4 degs. A slow increase in temps is forecast thereafter to +0.8 degs in July and up to +0.9 degs through the Fall into Winter. This is +0.3 degs warmer than the Feb forecast and +0.6 degs warmer than the January forecast and +0.1 degs since the March forecast suggesting La Nina is over and a warmer regime is setting up. See chart here - link.
Atmospheric Decoupling (Indicating the presence of El Nino in the atmosphere driven by the ocean):
Southern Oscillation Index (5/13): The daily index was rising at 6.68. It was negative for the previous 14 days. The 30 day average was rising at -11.28. The 90 day average was falling at -4.73 or just south of neutral. This suggests a return to at least a neutral ENSO conditions has taken hold.
ESPI (like SOI but based on satellite confirmed precipitation. Positive is good, negative bad): (5/13) Today's value was -0.21 or effectively neutral. A peak low was reached on 11/2 at -1.94, the deepest of the recent La Nina event. This measures atmospheric response, not oceanic.
Pacific Decadal Oscillation: The PDO continues positive, though much weaker lately (as expected with La Nina setting in).
Per NOAAs index recent values (Jan-Dec): Jan 2017 = +0.12, Feb = +0.04, March = +0.08. This continues to look like the warm phase of the PDO. No consistently negative readings have occurred since Feb 2014
The Washington EDU index (Jan-Dec): Jan 2017 = +0.77, Feb = +0.70, Mar = +0.74. No negative readings have occurred since Dec 2013
The PDO turned from a 16 year negative run (Jan 98-Feb 2014) in early 2014 and has been positive ever since (other than a few months of negative readings in Fall 2016, the result of a turn towards La Nina). Looking at the long term record, it is premature to conclude that we have in-fact turned from the negative phase (La Nina 'like') to the positive phase (El Nino 'like'), but the data strongly suggests that could be a possibility. By the time it is confirmed (4-5 years out), we will be well into it.
See imagery in the ENSO Powertool
External Reference Material: El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Madden Julian Oscillation (MJO), Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), Kelvin Wave
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Surf Height-Swell Height Correlation Table


JACKSONVILLE, Fla. – Heavy rains dumping across the Florida-Georgia line prompted flood warnings for Charlton, Nassau, and Northern Duval counties on Thursday.
A Tornado Warning was in effect for St. Johns County until 7:30 a.m. News4JAX contacted the school district, which said that school schedules are not being impacted by the severe weather but they are taking precautions for students on buses and in schools.
According to the National Weather Service, a trained spotter reported a water spout at 7:30 a.m. near the coast of Vilano Beach, and a trained spotter reported a funnel cloud at 10:28 a.m. in Bunnell in Flagler County.
An earlier Tornado Warning that included Putnam County expired at 10:15 a.m. and one that included Flagler County ended at 10:45 a.m.
An afternoon Severe Thunderstorm Warning for St. Johns County ended at 2:30 p.m. The radar indicated 60 mph winds with possible hail in that system, and the NWS reported pea-sized hail at 2:25 p.m. in downtown St. Augustine.
A Severe Thunderstorm Warning was also issued until 5:15 p.m. for Duval County, including Atlantic Beach.
Hail up to a quarter size was reported at 2:45 p.m. in Kingsland, Georgia.
According to The Weather Authority, after a stormy start, some flooding was possible across southern Charlton, northern Duval, Nassau and southern Camden counties through sunrise. Scattered showers with storms will be possible this afternoon before decreasing late this afternoon and evening.
The Jacksonville Sheriff’s Office reported that from the intersection of Lem Turner and Lannie roads all the way northeast to past Hargett Road on Lannie Road, drivers should use caution because of high standing water.
The Callahan area reported 4.5 to 6 inches of rainfall, Amelia City in Nassau County reported over 5.5 inches of rainfall and Yulee reported heavy rain of 5.41 inches, according to the National Weather Service.
TAKE A LOOK: Plenty of flooding outside Yulee Bowling & Amusements on US-17. The GM, who you see walking through the water, says their doors will still be open for bowlers starting at 10 a.m. @wjxt4 pic.twitter.com/TnYU4qYXqI— Aaron Farrar (@aaronfarrarNews) April 7, 2022
A Yulee bowling alley’s parking lot flooded Thursday morning, but the manager told News4JAX the doors would still be open for customers at 10 a.m.
The water filled the parking lot of Yulee Bowling and Amusements from the door to the street, higher than a grown man’s knees in some places. But General Manager Josh Johnson was trying to pump it out.
“It’s typical out here when you get this summer thunderstorms that dump 5 inches an hour. There’s not a pump on earth that can keep up with it honestly,” Johnson said.
Johnson said although there was a lot of water, he doesn’t think any made its way inside.
The same storm caused other damage throughout Nassau County. Most of the parking lot at Crossroads Plaza in Fernandina Beach was flooded by 6:20 a.m.
Please report significant damage to the EOC Watch Office at 548-0939. As we enter our wet season, remember that Homeowner’s insurance does not cover flood damage and flood insurance must be in place for 30 days before it becomes effective. #NFIP #OneNassau https://t.co/PuqT4SoHAj— NassauEM (@NassauEM) April 7, 2022
And part of a tree fell outside of News4JAX engineer Howard Ford’s house on Alene Road, damaging the fence in his front yard.
He’s thankful it’s not worse.
“That limb could have fallen a lot of ways and done a whole lot more damage than 50 feet of chain-link fence,” Ford said. “I was very thankful that was only the fence. That is an easy fix.”
About 15 minutes away, two trees fell on the road at the intersection of Edwards and Newell roads near Yulee, taking down a power line and knocking out power to homes in the area. Debris was seen in neighbors’ yards and the powerline blocked the road for more than two hours.
Florida Power & Light crews were spotted restoring service before 7:30 a.m.
Two trees fell (1 on the road) and a power line that’s down at the intersection of Edwards Road and Newell Road in Nassau County. This is near Yulee. A lot of people in this area don’t have power but Florida Power & Light just got here to start restoring service @wjxt4 pic.twitter.com/oSCCI62uPn— Aaron Farrar (@aaronfarrarNews) April 7, 2022
Before the sun came up in Callahan, plenty of cars were seen testing their luck driving their way through flooded streets, including Mickler Street and around the corner on U.S. 301.
Some drivers decided to turn around and find another way.
The good news is no one was hurt in any of this.
Earlier this morning
Exact Track 4D did see a possible tornado that quickly weakened to a rotating thunderstorm. That has since weakened further. The tornado warnings are over and severe storm winds are the threat for Nassau and Camden counties are through 4 am. There may be some trees 🌳 downed by high winds we might see, once the sun comes up.
Update as of 3:30 a.m. All warnings have ended, looking back at the details:
Exact Track 4D did see the tight possible rotation of a tornado at 2:14 am, the warning officially came out at 2:27 am. Yes, Exact Track 4D is that good. But it also indicated that the possible tornado was extremely weak, never touched down and was brief.
Exact Track 4D indicated it had weakened to a rotating thunderstorm (meso storm) by 2:39 am. Only a window of 15 minutes to do damage.
The good news is that Exact Track 4D also indicated no debris, so there was no touchdown.
By 3:21 am the storm was off Cumberland Island and moving over the Atlantic. dissipated


A new scientific study has determined that it is snowing on northern Mars every night.
New atmospheric simulations indicate that occasional observations over the past decade from orbiting reconnaissance spacecraft and landers that appeared to show snow or frost on Mars, and potentially snow-bearing clouds in the atmosphere, are correct.
Details of the new study have been published in the journal Nature Geoscience. Scientists found that flakes of water ice fall from clouds high in the planet’s atmosphere, sometimes failing to reach the ground, but sometimes leaving a frosty covering.
(A frost avalanche seen by the HiRISE camera aboard NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter in 2015)
The simulations appear to confirm earlier physical observations. Early in 2000 space scientists reported on the first signs of “martian snowfall and avalanches” after studying images from the Mars Orbiter’s cameras. The spacecraft’s images showed what appeared to be avalanches on crater lips – leading space snowfall expects to speculate that Martians may risk skiing and boarding off piste on a regular basis. Other instances included in 2012 NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter which appear to see a cloud of carbon dioxide snowflakes over the southern pole. It’s now believed this snowfall may accumulate to several metres each year.
“Ten years ago, the water-ice clouds were thought to have little impact on Mars climate,” Wilson says. “Now, we realize they have a big impact … and so things become richer and more complex and interesting than we suspected,” says John Wilson of NASA’s Ames Research Center.
Mars is home to the highest mountain so far discovered in the solar system, Olympus Mons (pictured below), which is about 25,000m high, around two-and-a-half times higher than Mt Everest, and has a footprint so big it would cover France if it was on earth. It’s believed to be snow capped at times but how far you can ski down remains an unknown.
Since the turn of the century NASA and other space exploration organisations have gone from debating whether water existed outside the earth’s atmosphere to determining that many of the moons orbiting planets in the solar system are made up mainly of water ice.
It has also been theorised and in some cases observed by spacecraft that snow exists in various forms and various chemical compounds on at last 20 moons and planets outside earth within our solar system.
A recently published book, Snow In Space, details these.
(Images above credit NASA/JPL)


Odisha districts alerted as cyclone Leher approaches landfall
Bhubaneswar: Hardly had the dust settled on the devastating Cyclone Phailin ravaging Odisha and Andhra Pradesh`s coastal districts, the two states were bracing for another storm "Cyclone Lehar" to strike.
The state government on Monday put district authorities on alert, especially those of 10 southern and coastal districts, as the severe cyclonic storm is expected to make a landfall between Kalingapatnam and Machhlipatnam of Andhra Pradesh at around noon of November 28.
It is now stationed at about 1000-km south-east of Gopalpur, the weather office said.
"We have alerted the Collectors of 10 districts of south and coastal region. Fishermen have been advised not to venture into the sea,? Special Relief Commissioner PK Mohapatra told reporters.
He, however, said that the storm, which is expected to pack a wind speed 200 kmph during landfall, will have less impact in Odisha than Andhra Pradesh.
As predicted by the MeT department, three coastal districts of Kendrapara, Puri and Jagatsingpur may be affected by the storm while southern districts, including Ganjam, Gajapati, Koraput, Malkangiri, Nabarangpur and Rayagada, may face heavy showers.
"We have asked the district collectors to ensure that the mandis should remain prepared to store paddy and other grains before the disaster strikes," Mohapatra said.
As per the latest MET prediction, Cyclone Lehar over southeast Bay of Bengal has moved westwards with a speed of 15 km/hr.
The system would intensify further into a very severe cyclonic storm and move west-northwestwards and cross the Andhra Pradesh coast between Machillipatnam and Kalingapatnam near the Kakinada coast at around noon of November 28.
The Distant Warning Signal Number Two (DW-II) has been hoisted at Paradip and Gopalpur ports, sources said.
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New Delhi: The Indian Air Force (IAF) on Monday said that it had deployed 2 C-130J and 1 An-32 aircraft for transportation of 167 personnel and 16.5 tonnes of load of NDRF from Kolkata to Ahmedabad.
The An-32 is en route to Ahmedabad as of now, it added.
Another C-130J and two An-32 aircraft transported 121 NDRF personnel and 11.6 tonnes of load from Vijayawada to Ahmedabad for the same purpose, the Defence Ministry said in a statement.
Also, two C-130J airlifted 110 personnel and 15 tonnes of cargo for NDRF from Pune to Ahmedabad.
India Meteorological Department today said that the extremely severe cyclonic storm “Tauktae” over the east-central Arabian Sea moved north-northwestwards with a speed of about 15 kmph during the past 6 hours and lay centred at 0830 hrs on Monday over the east-central Arabian sea near latitude 18.8°N and longitude 71.5°E, about 150 km west of Mumbai, 220 km south-southeast of Diu, 260 km southeast of Veraval (Gujarat), and 490 km east-southeast of Karachi (Pakistan).
It is very likely to move north-northwestwards and reach Gujarat coast in the evening hours today & cross Gujarat coast between Porbandar & Mahuva (Bhavnagar district) from 2000 – 2300 hrs tonight with a maximum sustained wind speed 155-165 kmph gusting to 185 kmph, it said in a bulletin.


Weather Actions Facebook Tweet Email Video Extra: Western MT Fair hit by severe weather Hail, wind and rain hit the Western MT Fair on Saturday. By: MTN News Posted at 11:44 AM, Aug 11, 2019 and last updated 2019-08-11 13:53:54-04 MISSOULA — Severe weather hit the Western Montana Fair on Saturday evening.Watch the video below. Weather rocks the Western Montana Fair Copyright 2019 Scripps Media, Inc. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed. Sign up for the Morning Headlines Newsletter and receive up to date information. now signed up to receive the Morning HeadlinesNewsletter. Click here to manage all Newsletters It’s the perfect Mother's Day gift. 44 courses for just $119!


Bagyong Auring has maintained its strength as it continues to move closer over Surigao del Sur, said PAGASA on Sunday.
According to PAGASA, Bagyong Auring was located at 100 km East Southeast of Hinatuan, Surigao del Sur packed with maximum winds of up to 55 kph near the center and gustiness of up to 70 kph.
Bagyong Auring is expected to made landfall over Caraga and Leyte provinces by Sunday evening or Monday morning.
Storm Signal #1
Bohol, Siquijor, Negros Provinces, Southern Leyte, Cebu, Agusan del Sur, Agusan del Norte, Surigao del Sur, Surigao del Norte including Siargao Island, Dinagat Province, Misamis Oriental, Misamis Occidental, Bukidnon, Camiguin, Davao del Norte, Northern Davao Oriental, Northern Zamboanga del Norte, Lanao del Norte, Northern Lanao del Sur and Compostela Valley
Here is the possible track of Bagyong Auring generated from an online weather monitoring website, watch the video below.
The public and the disaster risk reduction and management council concerned are advised to take appropriate action.
Keep locked on this page, news and updates for Bagyong Auring 2017 will be added here once PAGASA made new announcements.
Write your comments here!


Conditions Ripe For Wildfires
October 6, 2011, 6:08 PM
SIOUX FALLS, SD -
The weather has provided the perfect conditions for fires but that will change over the next 24 hours.
Another day of red flag warning conditions is keeping the threat of more fires alive. Strong gusty winds of 20-45 miles per hour help fires spread rapidly. The relative humidity during the afternoon has been very low, in the 20 to 30 percent range. That saps the moisture from the grasses and fields, priming those fuels for burning.
Tomorrow's fire weather forecast is better, but the danger will still be high across eastern KELOLAND. Our futurescan winds show more gusts over 40 mph in eastern KELOLAND. It will be windy in the west as well, but the humidity will be much higher in central and western areas. That alone will help reduce the fire danger.
The rain this weekend will be enough to dampen the danger for now. But it's not likely to be enough rain in northern and western KELOLAND to eliminate the possibility of more fires this fall.
© 2011 KELOLAND TV. All Rights Reserved.
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After searching the vehicle, police found a backpack with 41.9 grams of marijuana with bags, scales, 2 pills of Hydrocodone, and a bottle of alcohol.


Why isn't Delhi on pollution red alert?
On Monday Beijing declared a red alert for smog.
It was the most extreme warning the notoriously polluted city has ever issued and effectively means the Chinese capital is in shutdown mode.
Some schools and businesses have been ordered to close, construction activity has been limited and restrictions have been placed on car use because the air in the Chinese capital has become so toxic.
I was shocked, not because I was surprised that the Chinese had taken the step, but because the pollution levels in Delhi - where my family and I moved earlier this year - are so much higher.
In Beijing the concentration of the most dangerous particulates - the microscopic PM2.5 particles that can travel deep into your lungs - was 237 micrograms per cubic metre.
According to the US embassy's air pollution monitor in Beijing the peak was 317.
Those are very high levels. These PM2.5 micro-particles are classed as a Group 1 carcinogen by the World Health Organisation (WHO) and, as well as damaging the lungs, are a cause of heart disease and other life-threatening conditions.
The official advice is that no one should undertake any physical activity at levels that high.
When I saw the news I turned on the small pollution detector I had bought over the weekend.
The LCD screen lit up and within a couple of seconds it produced a comparable figure.
The reading inside my Delhi home was 378. Yes, INSIDE my home.
I checked online and the air quality monitor at the US embassy here in Delhi - not far from my home - read the same.
And that isn't even the worst figure in Delhi. The heavy traffic, filthy local industries and coal-fired power stations near the Anand Vihar area in the east of the city make it Delhi's pollution hotspot.
When I looked the air quality reading for these most minute of particles was up above 500.
Let's put these statistics in a bit of context.
The official safe limit for PM2.5 particles - set by the WHO and the European Union - is 25 micrograms per cubic metre.
The US is far stricter. The limit there is 12 micrograms per cubic metre.
That means the air in my Delhi home is 30 times the US limit and more than 15 times the WHO safe limit.
By comparison, London's PM2.5 average on 6 December was 8 micrograms per cubic metre, according to the Environmental Research Group at King's College.
It says the highest reading it has ever recorded in London was 112, on bonfire night back in 2006.
Now I'm not saying that Beijing has made a mistake by declaring a state of emergency - with PM2.5 pollution more than 10 times the WHO safe limit, the authorities' concern is entirely justified.
No, what amazes me is that Delhi - the most polluted city on earth, according to the WHO - hasn't taken similar measures.
My excellent colleague Soutik Biswas dissects Delhi's terrible record of cleaning up its poisonous air here. Authorities have announced a few measures to tackle pollution, but many believe it is a case of too little.
The Delhi Pollution Control Board disagrees.
"We are doing all we can to bring down the levels of pollution which are very high - though not exceptional as similar levels have been seen in the past," board chairperson Ashwani Kumar told the BBC.
Mr Kumar added that "no direct comparisons should be made" between Beijing and Delhi's pollution levels.
"The pollution in China is different in character from that of Delhi. For example, we need to factor in things like the dust component and the distance from the coast in Delhi."
Meanwhile, my family are struggling to live with the consequences.
We moved here to Delhi with our four young children in the spring, when air quality is much better and, I'll be honest, I am horrified by just how bad the winter pollution is.
It is one thing for an adult to decide to expose themself to this kind of health risk, quite another to impose it on a child.
Last week my five-year-old son William had his first asthma attack. He is now on steroids, as am I and my 14-year-old daughter, Eva.
My wife and I are wondering how long we can - in conscience - stay in Delhi.


GEORGE TOWN, Sept 15 ― A heavy downpour from last night caused flash floods at low-lying areas in Penang, particularly those near Sungai Pinang and Sungai Air Itam, from 4am today.
According to a report by the Drainage and Irrigation Department (DID), the water levels for both rivers, Sungai Pinang and Sungai Air Itam, were the highest recorded, recording 3.2m and 7.3m respectively as at 9am.
The rainfall recorded was 198mm at the Sungai Pinang station and 120.5mm at the Air Itam station.
Areas flooded were Kampung Masjid, Kampung Makam, Jalan P. Ramlee, Kampung Mutiara, Jalan Langkawi, Jalan Kebun Bunga, Jalan Masjid Negeri, Kampung Masjid Hashim Yahya, Astaka Stadium, Taman Lumba Kuda, Jalan Tun Sardon, Sungai Relau, Halaman Bukit Gambir, Sungai Dua, Lebuhraya Thean Teik, Sungai Gelugor, Jalan Kampung Jawa, Jalan Ismail Hj Mat, Lembah Ria, Lorong Tampin, Kajang Road and Titi Melayu Air Itam.
Most of these areas were flooded between 0.1m and 0.6m, causing massive traffic gridlock at these roads and those leading to it.
Cars could be seen stalled and submerged in flood waters along some of these roads, particularly those nearer to the rivers.
Some hilly roads are also closed due to landslides and uprooted trees blocking the roads.
Over at Medan Fettes, a landslide that uprooted a tree buried six vehicles in sludge and mud but no one was injured in the incident.
Other roads blocked by fallen trees and landslides included Jalan Tun Sardon, Titi Kerawang in Balik Pulau, Lintang Bukit Jambul and the road leading up to Air Itam Dam.
Five landslides were detected along the road leading up to Air Itam Dam and the road is temporarily closed.
As at noon, the Penang Island City Council (MBPP) shared CCTV images of certain areas in George Town where floodwaters are receding. These included Lebuhraya Thean Teik, Jalan Magazine, Tun Dr Lim Chong Eu Expressway and parts of Jalan Air Itam and Jalan Masjid Negeri.
As at 11.49am, the Malaysia Meteorological Department issued a notice of continued rainfall in the northern states of Penang, Perak, Kedah and Perlis until late afternoon.
Thunderstorms and strong winds are also expected to hit Perak, Selangor and Johor until late afternoon today.
MBPP called on motorists to be careful on the road and those who wish to submit reports of uprooted trees, floods and landslides, can call the MBPP Hotline at 04-2637000 or 04-2637637.


New Year's Eve fireworks at Pagoda canceled as deep freeze predicted to continue
The extremely cold forecast made it necessary, an official said. The holiday sing-along is still slated to go on.
Those looking to ring in the New Year with fireworks in Reading will be disappointed, thwarted by Old Man Winter.
The extreme cold that has moved into the region forced the cancellation of the fireworks display at the Pagoda, Cindy L. Kauffman, manager of the Pagoda, said.
Kauffman said discussions Friday between city Fire Marshal Jeremy Searfoss and officials from International Fireworks of Douglassville, the company in charge of setting off the display, concluded the freezing temperatures and gusty winds forecast for Sunday night into Monday made it too dangerous for workers.
“It was a decision that had to be made far enough ahead of time so that everybody had time to reschedule and adjust things,” Kauffman said. “And it doesn't look like anybody's saying that we're ready for 70s balmy weather.”
The holiday singalong with the Pagoda Pickers from 10 p.m. until midnight is still on, Kauffman said. But scheduling conflicts made it impossible to reschedule the fireworks display until another night.
Earlier Friday, officials announced that Pottstown's Polar Bear Swim and Bonfire on New Year's Day had been canceled because of the cold forecast. Officials in Philadelphia also had discussed postponing the annual Mummers Parade because of the deep freeze.
As of Friday night, the parade was still set to step off at 9 a.m. New Year's Day, according to www.visitphilly.com.
AccuWeather senior meteorologist Jack Boston said Berks County hasn't seen such a constant stretch of cold like what arrived earlier this week for more than a decade, pointing to the latter part of January 2004 as the last time temperatures remained below freezing for an extended stretch.
Temperatures should be hovering around a normal high of 38 degrees for this time of year, Boston said, but the mercury won't approach normal for more than a week, pointing to Jan. 8 when temperatures should moderate.
Boston said the polar vortex locked in over the eastern half of North America has been created with a cross-polar jet stream pulling cold air from Siberia and a ridge of warm high pressure situated over the West Coast. He said the extensive snowpack extending from the Ohio Valley into Canada, including record lake-effect snow in Erie, are also helping to cool down the air mass.
“This cold is getting just a little bit persistent on us,” Boston said. “It's definitely something that hasn't happened for awhile. We knew this was going to happen back in early December, but even we are very impressed with how extensive this has been.”
A high of 28 and a low of 13 degrees is forecast for today, Boston said, with a clipper system bringing up to an inch of snow into the morning. Boston said snow will accumulate immediately because of the freezing temperatures, creating slick conditions on roadways.
While the freezing cold is proving to be unrelenting, Boston said the possibility of record lows are not likely. Boston said the best chance for a record comes on New Year's Eve, with a forecast low of 4 degrees. The record came nearly a century ago, with a low of 1 degree set in 1918.
Wind chills will make the cold feel even worse on New Year's Day, Boston said, hanging around the single digits during the day and dipping to between minus 5 and minus 10 overnight.
“New Year's Eve is just going to be brutal,” Boston said. “I wouldn't want to be outside.”


SAN JUAN, Puerto Rico (AP) - President Donald Trump says Florida is "going to be totally ready" for Hurricane Dorian as it barrels toward the U.S. Southeast coast.
Trump says in an appearance on Brian Kilmeade's Fox News radio show that he spoke with Florida's Republican Gov. Ron DeSantis on Wednesday night and that, "He's all set."
He says: "We were ready in Puerto Rico and we're ready also in Florida."
Dorian is expected to grow into a potentially major Category 3 hurricane before it hits the U.S. mainland late Sunday or early Monday somewhere between the Florida Keys and southern Georgia.
Gov. DeSantis has declared a state of emergency for counties that could be in the storm's path and urged people to have a week's worth of supplies on hand.
Across much of Florida's east coast, residents are flocking to the grocery stores and gas stations, stocking up in anticipation of Hurricane Dorian, which threatens to hit over the Labor Day weekend.
There were lines at many gas stations in South Florida as people began filling gas cans and topping off their gas tanks.
Some residents using community Facebook groups provided updates on new shipments of water to restock the nearly empty shelves at local grocery stores.
Hurricane Dorian is posing an increasing menace to Florida as it pushes over open waters after doing limited damage in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands.
The U.S. National Hurricane Center says Dorian is expected to grow into a potentially devastating Category 4 hurricane before hitting the U.S. mainland late Sunday or early Monday somewhere between the Florida Keys and southern Georgia.
President Donald Trump tweeted a warning about the storm, adding that "it will be a very big Hurricane, perhaps one of the biggest!"
The Hurricane Center projects the storm could have winds of 125 mph (200 kph) by the time it reaches the mainland. Also imperiled are the Bahamas, with Dorian's forecast track running just to the north of Great Abaco and Grand Bahama islands.
Hurricane Dorian is moving over open waters after doing limited damage in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, though forecasters warn it is gaining strength and probably will grow into a dangerous storm while heading toward Florida's east coast.
For the latest on Dorian, visit ORLANDOHURRICANE.com.
You can also monitor the tropics with the Fox 35 Weather App.


Expect even hotter days ahead, says the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA), as temperatures will continue to rise in April. This goes for Metro Manila and the rest of the country.
In a report by inquirer.net, the Science Garden Complex in Quezon City recorded a temperature of 34.3 degrees Celsius yesterday, a good representation of the heat in Metro Manila.
The "heat index" or "init factor," humans' level of heat discomfort, will continue to go up as well. The heat index is typically higher than the actual recorded temperature. Going out under the sun? Direct sun exposure can spike your heat index by as much as 8 degrees Celsius.
It actually takes less than 25 minutes for the sun to toast your skin. Check out these ways to stay safe under the sun based on the UV Index Scale. Make sure to slather on sunscreen to keep your skin protected from harmful UV rays. It might help to read up on sunscreen myths too beforehand so you get the most out of the product.
You can also beat the heat in a lot of fun ways. Check out our list of what to do when you're bored and it's hot outside.
Stay safe and cool, ladies!


Interesting Weather is Hitting Halton This Weekend
It’s been bone-chilling cold.
Then downright balmy.
Well, after a dip in temps, it looks like another breather is on the way — sort of.
Somewhat mild temperatures are set to hit Halton this weekend, according to Environment Canada.
A chilly (but certainly not unbearable) Friday night with a predicted low of -4 C will give way to a pleasantly cool Saturday.
That’s when temperatures are expected to hit a high of 3 C. It’ll be mainly cloudy with a 30 per cent chance of flurries and an expected low of -5 C.
Then, on Sunday - remember it’s daylight saving time on March 11 - we should see a mix of sun and cloud. The expected high is 5 C.
Remember to set your clocks an hour ahead before bed on Saturday.
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The weather is expected to be mainly cloudy today with temperature ranging from -2 C to -5 C later in the evening, according to Environment Canada, with a 0 per cent chance of precipitation.
It will feel like -9 with the wind chill for most of the day, dropping to -11 a few hours before midnight. Winds are expected to be easterly all day at 15 km/h switching to 20 km/h at 4 p.m., according to Environment Canada.
There are slippery sections and limited visibility with fog on Highway 24 from 13 km east of Bridge Lake to the Junction with Highway 5, according to Drive BC.
There are also slippery sections this morning on Highway 97 from 20 km north of Lac la Hache to Williams Lake this morning, according to Drive BC.


China's warmest region not immune to cold snap
Updated: 2016-01-22 14:42
HAIKOU -- Not even the southernmost tropical island of Hainan will escape the cold front sweeping across most of China,according to the local meteorological authority.
Hainan Meteorological Observatory forecast that temperatures across the the island province will drop by up to 13 degrees Celsius, and its surrounding waters will be battered by high winds on Jan. 23.
Cai Qinbo, head of the observatory, said this may be the strongest bout of cold weather in Hainan for 15 years.
With winter temperatures usually exceeding 18 degrees Celsius, Hainan is a popular winter resort and many retirees chose to spend the colder months there.
The national weather observatory said there will be a steep drop in temperatures from Thursday night to Monday in northern, eastern and central regions. Temperatures that are already well below zero in some areas could drop by 14 degrees Celsius.
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TULSA, Okla. – The recent tornadoes have caused the governor of Oklahoma to issue a state of emergency for parts of northeastern Oklahoma.
On Friday, Governor Marry Fallin issued an executive order declaring a state of emergency for seven northeastern Oklahoma counties impacted by tornadoes, severe storms and straight-line winds that occurred earlier this week.
The declaration is for the following counties:
- Craig County
- Mayes County
- Nowata County
- Osage County
- Rogers County
- Tulsa County
- Washington County
The storms caused damage to homes and businesses Wednesday evening and injured seven people.
Damage assessments are ongoing in the hardest-hit areas.
Under the executive order, state agencies can make emergency purchases and acquisitions needed to expedite the delivery of resources to local jurisdictions.
The executive order is in effect for 30 days. However, it can be amended to include additional counties if needed.


Talk about a lack of sensitivity.
AccuWeather.com put out a press release today, saying that Haiti is overdue for a major hurricane, as the last one hit the devastated island nation in 1966.
“One has to worry that with it being over 40 years since the last direct hit from a major hurricane that the natural odds [of it happening again soon] would be a concern,” Joe Bastardi, the online weather site’s chief meteorologist, is quoted as saying.
Bastardi added that in the upcoming season, “at least 1-2 weak systems will bring enhanced rainfall to Haiti, which could hamper any continued earthquake recovery efforts.”
The view from here: This is the worst possible time to hit Haitians with that supposition. It can do nothing but create unnecessary alarm, when the country is already in a state of hysteria.
On the surface, AccuWeather’s press release would appear to be an attempt to glean publicity at Haiti’s expense.
This is January and the next hurricane season is six months away. The heart of the season, when major hurricanes are mostly likely to form, is eight to nine months away.
There is no reason, this early in the game, to say Haiti is due for a major hurricane this year – unless you’re trying to stir it up and see your company name in print.
I called AccuWeather’s headquarters in State College, Pa., to get a comment.
Barry Myers, the company’s chief executive officer, said he hadn’t seen the release. But he said that providing that information wasn’t intended to be insensitive.
He said it should aid relief efforts.
“Anyone who’s working in the relief effort would certainly want to be aware of bad weather,” he said. “At that latitude, tropical waves could occur at almost any time of year.”
Bastardi said it wasn’t his idea to put out the press release. Rather, he said he was asked by AccuWeather’s staff about Haiti’s chances of seeing a major hurricane – and he complied by providing his take.
But he concurred with Myers. He said the threat of a major hurricane – or a rain-laden tropical storm – should spark rescuers to work faster.
“The facts are the facts,” Bastardi said. “People should try to accelerate this recovery.”
There’s no question that Haiti could be hit by a major storm this year.
The odds of the Caribbean getting struck by a major hurricane are pretty high each year, between 40 and 50 percent, according to experts William Gray and Phil Klotzbach of Colorado State University.
But if AccuWeather.com was truly sensitive to Haiti’s plight, it would have waited until May or June to say that.
For full press release:
ACCUWEATHER.COM NEWS FORECAST
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE
Haiti 'Overdue' for Major Hurricane
State College, PA - January 15, 2010 - It is not common for a major hurricane to hit Haiti, but the Caribbean nation is overdue, AccuWeather.com Chief Meteorologist and Expert Long Range Forecaster Joe Bastardi said.
The most intense tropical storms to impact Haiti were Flora, Cleo and Inez, which all hit within a five year period during the 1960s.
"One has to worry that with it being over 40 years since the last direct hit from a major hurricane that the natural odds [of it happening again soon] would be a concern," Bastardi said.
Major devastation from a direct hit is not as common in Haiti because of its location, as storms usually hit farther east.
Haiti also has a mountainous topography, which helps to weaken any tropical storm that passes over it. However, widespread deforestation has made it easier for erosion and flooding to occur.
Bastardi said what is more common in Haiti is for a slow-moving, developing system to stall and bring excessive rainfall, and this rainfall is as big of a concern to Haiti as the threat of a major hurricane.
"Past storms Hanna, Jeanne and Ike were not direct hits on the Haitian coast, yet excessive rain caused tremendous damage," he said.
Bastardi also adds that for the upcoming hurricane season, at least 1-2 weak systems will bring enhanced rainfall to Haiti, which could hamper any continued earthquake recovery efforts.
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Brush Country residents experienced manageable structure damage, along with torrential downpour around the area Sunday and Monday.
The National Weather Service issued a tornado warning for southwest Atascosa County yesterday at 3:30 p.m. until 4 p.m., but no reports of any touched land.
According to the daily precipitation report for Atascosa County, several areas reached more than four inches of rainfall.
Leming reportedly received six inches of rain as of Monday.
Numerous accounts of damage around the area were reported, which caused parts of Pleasanton to lose power temporarily.
A voicemail was left to the Pleasanton Public Works department, but no call was returned as of press time.
However, Atascosa County Commissioner of Precinct 1 Lonnie Gillespie noted areas around Leming received the most damage, west of FM 1470.
“Ten irrigation systems were knocked down due to the storms,” Gillespie said.
“Trees were also knocked down around the Hwy. 281 area around Leming.”
County residents witnessed water surging close to homes around the area, Gillespie said.
A drainage ditch that stretches from the west side of the railroad track from Leming that travels back to Hwy. 281 area.
“There was a little birm that broke over the tracks,” Gillespie said.
“That caused all of the water to shoot out, which drew a big issue Monday.”
In Pleasanton, several road closures were reported due to flash flooding.
The Atascosa River, at Pleasanton River Park, spilled past its capacity, which forced Hunt Road to shut down.
Other low water crossing areas around Pleasanton were still up as of yesterday afternoon despite no visible water on the roadway.
Pleasanton City Manager Bruce Pearson encourages citizens who may have lost trees, or have large downed limbs from the recent storms to call 830-569-3867 for possible assistance.


Storms a Gift for Sierra Ski Resorts
RENO, Nev. — A string of powerful storms has dumped a mountain of snow in the Sierra Nevada and provided top-notch conditions for what traditionally is one of the busiest weeks of the skiing season.
"Winter Storm Euclid was the perfect Christmas present for the Sierra ski resorts," said weather.com meteorologist Nick Wiltgen. "Homewood Ski Area picked up a two-day total of 74 inches, and many other resorts clocked in with totals north of 40 inches. A follow-up system will add several inches of bonus snowfall late Christmas Day into Wednesday."
Squaw Valley USA near Lake Tahoe received more than 3 feet of new snow between Friday and early Sunday morning, and forecasters expected another 1 to 2 feet by Monday morning.
The storms have set the stage for a busy holiday week on the slopes, resort spokeswoman Amelia Richmond said, and have assured Squaw Valley of its second largest Christmas Day snow pack since 1970.
"The conditions are phenomenal especially for those who like fresh snow," Richmond said. "It's an incredible setup (for the holidays), and we're looking forward to a very white Christmas."
The resort has received some 200 inches of snow so far this season, compared with nearly 250 inches of snow on Christmas Day, 2010, when the region was en route to a snowpack twice the normal average. Squaw Valley averages 450 inches of snow a year.
The heavy snowfall was expected to allow many, if not most, Sierra resorts to kick into full operation.
(MORE: Find the Deep Stuff)
On Sunday, Sierra-at-Tahoe near the lake's south shore reported 44 of 46 trails and 10 of 14 lifts were open.
As much snow has already fallen this season as did by April 1 of last season when the Sierra snowpack finished about half of the normal average, said resort spokesman Steven Hemphill.
While skiers and snowboarders rejoiced over the snow, holiday travelers in the Sierra cursed it.
Tire chains were mandatory most of the weekend on all three major trans-Sierra highways linking the Sacramento, Calif., and Reno areas: Interstate 80 over Donner Summit, U.S. 50 over Echo Summit and State Highway 88 over Carson Pass.
Storms also forced closures of the mountain portions of all three major highways at various times. Tire chains or snow tires were required on vehicles on other highways around Tahoe.
MORE ON WEATHER.COM: Weekend Weather Around the World
The Weather Company’s primary journalistic mission is to report on breaking weather news, the environment and the importance of science to our lives. This story does not necessarily represent the position of our parent company, IBM.


A powerful snowstorm will plow through several states over the next few days. Since FreightWaves first reported on this Wednesday, the scope and strength of the storm have expanded. Many roads will be dangerous for drivers this weekend from California to Colorado, Montana and the Dakotas. Here’s what to expect in each region.
Read more: Freight Waves


Parts of North India receive rains
New Delhi: Temperatures remained high in North India on Sunday with only some parts of the region receiving rainfall.
The capital Delhi recorded a high of 37.5 degrees celsius, three degrees more than normal and a minimum of 28.5 degrees celsius, two notches above the usual.
In Uttar Pradesh, light to moderate rain and thundershowers lashed some parts in the last 24 hours.
According to the Met office, rain occurred at a few places over western UP and at one or two places over eastern parts of the state.
Rainfall was recorded in Hardoi, Orai, Pilibhit, Jhansi and Bareilly.
Rain and thundershower would occur at few places over western UP and at one or two places over eastern parts of the state.
Normal life was thrown out of gear in Hyderabad due to 15.2 cms of rain yesterday.
A woman and her three children were killed when a wall collapsed on them in Miyapur area of Hyderabad. While, in a similar incident at Balanagar industrial area, five more persons were killed.
Parts of Rajasthan also got intermittent rains keeping temperatures near normal.
Light to moderate rainfall was witnessed in Jaipur, Bharatput, Kota and Bikaner divisions.
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The AIRS instrument aboard NASA's Aqua satellite provided a look at what's happening under Tropical Depression Genevieve's clouds using infrared light, and it appears that thunderstorms are bubbling up again.
A false-colored infrared image created at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena California used data from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) instrument that flies aboard NASA's Aqua satellite.
The AIRS data showed powerful thunderstorms re-developed around Genevieve's center on August 5 at 8:35 a.m. EDT. That's an indication that there's some punch left in the storm, and that punch could help it strengthen, according to the Central Pacific Hurricane Center (CPHC).
In the August 5 discussion about Genevieve, the CPHC noted "Genevieve has continued to present a bursting pattern during the overnight hours...with the low level circulation center estimated to be under the southeastern portion of an area of very cold cloud tops."
At 11 a.m. EDT (1500 UTC) today, Tuesday, August 5, Genevieve's maximum sustained winds were near 35 mph (55 kph). The NOAA Central Pacific Hurricane Center notes that gradual strengthening is forecast today through Wednesday, and Genevieve may become a tropical storm later today.
The center of tropical depression Genevieve was located near latitude 11.1 north, longitude 171.1 west. That's about 1,120 miles (1,805 km) southwest of Honolulu, Hawaii and 400 miles (645 km) south-southwest of Johnston Island.
The depression is moving toward the west-northwest near 14 mph (22 kph) and this motion is expected to continue today through Wednesday. The estimated minimum central pressure is 1005 millibars.
NOAA's CPHC calls for slow intensification over the next couple of days as the storm continues to track in a westerly direction. Genevieve is expected to cross the International Date Line in a couple of days and when it does the forecast management of the storm would covered by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center.
Text credit: Rob Gutro
NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center
Rob Gutro | Eurek Alert!
A close-up look at an uncommon underwater eruption
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Environmental history told by sludge: Global warming lets the dead zones in the Black Sea grow
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For the first time, scientists have precisely measured the effective electrical charge of a single molecule in solution. This fundamental insight of an SNSF Professor could also pave the way for future medical diagnostics.
Electrical charge is one of the key properties that allows molecules to interact. Life itself depends on this phenomenon: many biological processes involve...
At the JEC World Composite Show in Paris in March 2018, the Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT will be focusing on the latest trends and innovations in laser machining of composites. Among other things, researchers at the booth shared with the Aachen Center for Integrative Lightweight Production (AZL) will demonstrate how lasers can be used for joining, structuring, cutting and drilling composite materials.
No other industry has attracted as much public attention to composite materials as the automotive industry, which along with the aerospace industry is a driver...
Scientists at Tokyo Institute of Technology (Tokyo Tech) and Tohoku University have developed high-quality GFO epitaxial films and systematically investigated their ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties. They also demonstrated the room-temperature magnetocapacitance effects of these GFO thin films.
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The oceans are the largest global heat reservoir. As a result of man-made global warming, the temperature in the global climate system increases; around 90% of...
Scientists at Helmholtz Zentrum München have discovered a mechanism that amplifies the autoimmune reaction in an early stage of pancreatic islet autoimmunity prior to the progression to clinical type 1 diabetes. If the researchers blocked the corresponding molecules, the immune system was significantly less active. The study was conducted under the auspices of the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD) and was published in the journal ‘Science Translational Medicine’.
Type 1 diabetes is the most common metabolic disease in childhood and adolescence. In this disease, the body's own immune system attacks and destroys the...
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GRAND JUNCTION, Colo. (KKCO) - A white Christmas in the Grand Valley is a rare occurrence, it's only happened a handful of times in recorded history.
But many residents have different opinions on the "meaning" of a white Christmas. By the first day of winter Monday, the Grand Valley had already seen it's fair share of snow, 9.2 inches to be exact. But does that snow make for a white Christmas?
Some Grand Valley residents say it's not a white Christmas if the snow's already been around. They say a white Christmas means snow falling on Christmas Day.
But the Grand Valley averages only 4.8 inches of snow during the month of December so having snow on the "ground" for Christmas Day is rare.
There have been just "20 days where we've actually had an inch of snow on the ground on Christmas morning," says Chris Cuoco of the National Weather Service.
It's even more rare for flakes to fall "on" Christmas Day. "We've only had 17 days of measurable snow on Christmas day in 114 years," says Cuoco. And out of those 17 times, only on three occasions was there more than a dusting.
But will the white stuff that can make Christmas Day extra special be one of Santa's deliveries this year? There is a storm system moving into the Grand Valley Tuesday night that could dump a couple of inches of snow, but will the storm last until Christmas Day? "I don't think so, by Christmas Day the storm will move to the east of us," says Cuoco.
The most recent white Christmas was just last year when three tenths of an inch fell, raising the total on the ground to five inches. The snowiest Christmas on record was 1983 when three and a half inches fell.
So if snow on the ground counts as a white Christmas for you, "I think we can say we're going to have a white Christmas this year," says Cuoco.


The struggle of Syrian refugees in Lebanon
Chad's response to the threat posed by Boko Haram
Coverage has fallen to a new low for this early in the year with the prospect of further melting in coming weeks.
24 May 2015 13:41 GMT | Weather
Warmer waters surrounding the ice-covered continent are having a dramatic effect, according to a new study.
22 May 2015 10:35 GMT | Weather
Near-record temperatures recorded as heat wave strikes India ahead of the annual monsoon rains.
21 May 2015 10:37 GMT | Weather
The annual spring rains, humidity and high temperatures are starting in South China, Taiwan, Japan and Korea.
17 May 2015 15:25 GMT | Asia, Weather, China, Japan, South Korea
Mexico has suffered its worst weather event in over 50 years.
People attempt to get on with their everyday lives as Typhoon Usagi finally clears Taiwan and the Philippines
Myanmar's largest city has been badly affected by heavy rainfall.
The country's summer rains are due to start on June 1, but they may still leave some farmers disappointed.
11 May 2015 11:33 GMT
Thousands evacuated ahead of Noul's landfall in Luzon, packing dangerous wind gusts of up to 295km/h.
10 May 2015 10:50 GMT
The mountains of San Diego County were veiled in snow as the storm system brought a reminder of winter.
09 May 2015 12:02 GMT
Evacuations are underway in Luzon as severe tropical weather barrels in from the Pacific.
08 May 2015 15:30 GMT
US climate scientists say past year was warmest since records were kept, showing that global warming continues unabated.
The first tropical disturbance of the 2015 hurricane season forms off the SE coast of the US
07 May 2015 12:49 GMT
Violent storms sweep across northern Germany, leaving one person dead and 30 injured.
06 May 2015 10:44 GMT
After recording near record highs, torrential downpours hit Havana as weather system rolls across the Gulf of Mexico.
30 Apr 2015 11:21 GMT
Al Jazeera's weather team looks at conditions rescuers and survivors can expect to face in the coming days and months.
29 Apr 2015 10:44 GMT
Provincial information minister says 35 are dead and 200 injured by wind storm and heavy rains in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
26 Apr 2015 20:17 GMT
People & Power investigates how Chad is responding to the threat posed by Boko Haram across West Africa.
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Castro's dream for Cuba's artists and the three architects who tried to make it a reality.
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As thousands die on the perilous journey from Africa to Europe, we examine the economic cost of migrant trafficking.
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A rare glimpse at traditional life in Algeria as we go behind the scenes at three weddings in the country's west.
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Oct 10, 2020 | New York
Elizabethtown New York 1.75 Inch Hail Report October 10 2020
Location: Elizabethtown, New York
Hail Size: 1.75 Inch
Wind Speed: W 8mph
Affected Area: Elizabethtown, New York
In Elizabethtown, New York, golf ball sized hail was reported at 4:40 PM CDT one mile away from Elizabethtown on October 10, 2020. The exact location of the report was from 44.22, -73.6. In the past three years, this area had one hail report within a 10-mile radius.
Click here for more hail reports from New York.
For the latest reports for all states, click here.


An arctic air mass is bringing extreme cold to a wide swath over much of Canada tonight and into the new year, with the deep freeze that’s expected to continue the next two days having an impact of New Year’s Eve planning.
Outdoor New Year’s Eve celebrations have been cancelled in Ottawa, Calgary, Edmonton and other cities as temperatures plunge to the –20s. Across Canada, people are being advised to bundle up if they plan to spend time outdoors.
Lower B.C. Mainland temperatures are moderate and Atlantic Canada has seasonal temperatures, but much of the rest of Canada is gripped by bitter cold.
The coldest spot on Sunday is Rabbit Kettle, N.W.T, with a low of –48.9 C, according to Environment Canada.
Ottawa is expecting –20 on Sunday, and –26 overnight into the first day of 2018, so some outdoor celebrations are being scaled back.
Public skating on Parliament Hill, the tipi illumination and the winter lightscape shows, including the “Christmas Lights Across Canada” display, are proceeding. Fireworks planned for New Year’s Eve on the Hill at midnight will also go ahead as planned.
Most of Ontario is under a cold weather alert.
Toronto will see a high of –15 C, making it feel like the –20s with the wind chill on Sunday afternoon, and a low of –22 C, with a wind chill value of –30 on Sunday evening, according to Mark Schuster, meteorologist for Environment Canada..
On New Year’s Day, the forecast is calling for a high of –9 C with windchill values in the –20s during the day, and a low of – 22 C with a wind chill value of –30 in the evening.
Early cold snap for Toronto
Toronto and Mississauga, Ont., have scaled back New Year’s Eve celebrations as a result.
Ontario’s cold snap is expected to last the entire first week of 2018. It’s also coming earlier in the year than usual, as frigid temperatures often don’t arrive until later in January.
In Montreal, the same arctic air mass will result in highs of –18 and –21 over the next two days, with temperatures dipping to –27 overnight.
Quebec City will experience similar cold, with –18 in the day Sunday and Monday and a low of –31 Monday night.
But that’s no reason to cut back on the festivities, so New Year’s Eve celebrations to go ahead as usual.
The bitter cold isn’t putting a chill on Winnipeg’s New Year’s Eve celebrations, despite temperatures of –29 Sunday morning and the temperature with the wind chill projected at –45 Sunday evening.
The celebrations will go on at The Forks with a dance party at the festival rink and DJs performing outdoors. There will be a pyrotechnic show at 8 p.m. for families with little ones who need to go to bed earlier before the fireworks go off at midnight.
There will also be sleigh rides, a painting show on a snow canvas and crafts for the kids.
Winnipeg is a winter city, where they embrace the cold — through many protective layers, said Chelsea Thomson, manager of marketing and communications with The Forks North Portage Partnership.
“Winnipeg is very cold in the wintertime and it’s something that we are very used to. I think that if we cancelled our plans then we would probably have to cancel winter just in general,” she said.
Wind chill in Saskatchewan
Much of Saskatchewan is under an extreme cold warning heading into 2018.
According to Environment Canada, extreme wind chills are expected to remain for prolonged periods of time, especially in…


Flooding in Niger caused by heavy rains has killed 27 people and affected more than 70,000 since July, the authorities said on Saturday.
The rainy season between June and September often triggers deadly flooding in the mostly desert West African nation, including in the arid northern regions.
As of August 18, the floods have caused 27 deaths, injured 30 people and affected 71,136, the humanitarian action ministry said.
The regions of Maradi, Zinder and Tahoua were hit hardest and 6,530 houses have collapsed, according to the ministry.
The capital Niamey, home to two million people and frequently the scene of deadly flooding, has been spared for now.
Last year’s rainy season caused 195 deaths and affected 400,000 people.
Niger’s weather services say the rainfall is due to climate change that has struck the country for several years.


NORTHERN INDIANA (WOWO): The National Weather Service is dispatching two survey teams to evaluate tornado damage after severe storms hit the region Monday night.
One team will be working from southeast Fulton County to northern Wabash County.
The other will be surveying the area from Grant County to Wells County.
The National Weather Service says they will not be releasing any definitive details on tornadoes that touched down until the surveys are completed.
Photos from yesterday this is near County Road 600 N and State Road 13 in Grant County no injuries reported in either home. So far the most extensive damage in the @ISPPeru District is in the Akron, Macy, and Rural Somerset areas. No major injuries reported. pic.twitter.com/dW6lJRIXHV
— Sgt. Tony Slocum (@ISPPeru) May 28, 2019


UP to 120mm of rain fell across the region in the seven days up until last Friday, fuelling farmers’ hopes for crops and the summer ahead.
With the forecast of another 10 to 20 mm today (Wednesday) and tomorrow, rainfall tallies are expected to exceed the entire month of November last year after just 11 days.
Myrtleford led last week’s tallies with almost 120mm, including 63mm on the last day of October.
That downpour alone exceeded the rainfall total for September and the rest of that month.
Smoko berry grower Rocky Russo said the 80-90mm his plants had received in the past three weeks had come at the right time after the extended dry spell had forced him to water in September for the first time in 30 years.
“We needed it badly, it’s kicked everything along really nicely and freshened everything up,” he said.


Austin Braces for Wintry Blast
A rare Winter Storm Warning is in effect for Central Texas from through 11:00 a.m. January 28.
The Austin Independent School District has adjusted start times for athletic events scheduled for January 27. The goal is to have varsity sports finished by 9:00 p.m. Freshman and junior varsity athletics are canceled for January 27.
The National Weather Service predicts an Arctic cold front will drop temperatures into the thirties this afternoon. Light rain and near freezing conditions are expected. Drivers should watch for icy spots on bridges and overpasses.
The Texas Department of Public Safety advises travelers to carry emergency supplies like flashlights and booster cables and to keep their gas tanks full.


DuBois County earned the "StormReady" designation from the National Weather Service. It's the 35th county in Indiana to get the honor. The program helps community leaders and emergency managers strengthen local safety programs.
County Emergency Management Director Tammy Miller says the recognition is an honor, but it's just one part of being prepared for severe weather. She says communication and keeping an eye on neighboring counties are two important ways they get residents ready.
"When we start hearing thunderstorm warnings in Pike, Posey, and Warrick counties, we activate our Skywarn net," she says. "We're up, watching the weather and radar."
The county also gets help from several amateur radio operators. John Butler's worked with county emergency personnel during major storms, including the 2011 tornado outbreak. He says people should take every warning seriously, even when they're issued and nothing severe happens.
"We do put out alerts quite a bit," he says. "Better to be safe than sorry."


Massachusetts hails Supreme Court pollution ruling
BOSTON — Massachusetts officials are hailing a decision by the Supreme Court upholding a 2011 Environmental Protection Agency rule designed to limit emissions that create smog and soot in the air above states along the East Coast.
Tuesday's ruling is seen as boost to the Obama administration's efforts to reduce power plant pollution in 27 Midwestern and Appalachian states that blows downwind and leads to unhealthy air.
Massachusetts was one of the East Coast states that pushed for the rule.
|The article you requested is no longer available on BostonHerald.com.|


Issue Date: November 11, 2013
Standardizing Air Chemistry
A recent United Nations report on global warming includes more accurate and reliable climate predictions than ever before, and its authors give credit to recent improvements in the fundamental understanding of climate processes (C&EN, Oct. 7, page 13). The noted improvements rely in part on standards that ensure the accuracy of climate models, and the International Union of Pure & Applied Chemistry plays a key . . .
To view the rest of this content, please log in with your ACS ID.
- Chemical & Engineering News
- ISSN 0009-2347
- Copyright © American Chemical Society


Weather forecast forGranerud, Ringsaker (Innlandet)
Applies to Innlandet
Some landslides are expected. A few large slides may occur. Exposed railways and roads may be closed. Steep slopes, as well as streams and rivers with high discharge, are particularly exposed. With the current forecast, certain parts of the region are more exposed. Details are found in the warning message in Norwegian. Rain is expected, followed by heavy showers in some places. The amount of precipitation, or its location, is somewhat uncertain. Follow the weather radar.
Read more at NVESeverity
InstructionsKeep yourself updated about the development of the weather, the landslide and flood situation, and follow the weather radar. Keep away from steep slopes, as well as streams and rivers with high discharge. Keep water paths and culverts free of snow, ice, gravel, waste, twigs and leaves. Clogged waterways with dammed water may cause landslides.
ConsequencesSituation that requires vigilance and may cause local damages
Applies to Oestafjells
Thunderstorms have been observed. The thunderstorm is expected to continue until tonight. There are large local differences in intensity. Some places will not experience any thunderstorms.Severity
InstructionsStay up to date on the development of the weather and the weather forecast. Monitor the weather radar or lyn.met.no. Adjust driving speed according to the road/weather conditions. Seek shelter. Avoid open plains and large trees. Do not swim or bathe.
ConsequencesLocally heavy rain showers. Danger of damage to object(s) as a result of lightning strikes.
Applies to Innlandet fylke
Heavy precipitation expected in Innlandet from Thursday afternoon to Friday morning. Locally 30-45 mm in a period of 12 hours.Severity
InstructionsConsider the need for preventive measures. The need for emergency preparedness shall be assessed continuously by emergency response actors. Check road reports (175.no). Adjust the speed and use caution while driving.
ConsequencesRisk of flooding of low-lying areas in densely populated areas. Check varsom.no for more information. Locally difficult driving conditions, especially at waterways. Roads may be closed. Some journeys may have longer travel time. Road conditions affected with road spray and hydroplaning in some places.
|18:00–00:00||16°||0.9 – 4.9 mm||Light breeze, 2 m/s from north-northeast|
|00:00–06:00||15°||0 – 9.2 mm||Light air, 1 m/s from east|
|06:00–12:00||15°||0 – 1.9 mm||Light air, 1 m/s from southeast|
|12:00–18:00||23°||0 mm||Gentle breeze, 4 m/s from north|
|18:00–00:00||25°||0 mm||Light breeze, 2 m/s from north-northeast|
|00:00–06:00||18°||0 – 6.2 mm||Light air, 1 m/s from west|
|06:00–12:00||15°||0 – 14.9 mm||Light breeze, 2 m/s from north|
|12:00–18:00||17°||0 – 15.8 mm||Light air, 1 m/s from southeast|
|18:00–00:00||16°||0 – 9.0 mm||Light breeze, 2 m/s from east|
The meteorologist’s text forecast
|Sunrise 04:44||Moonrise 23:34|
|Sunset 21:59||Moonset 11:46|
Webcams close to Granerud
Stavsjo › South-West: BangsbergToppen, Stavsjo
Last updated: at 18:22
Distance: 3,7 km
Added by Brian Marshall.
Bekkelaget: E Vien (E Vien), Bekkelaget
Last updated: at 18:24
Distance: 12,4 km
Added by Statens vegvesen.
Gjøvik: E Mjøsbrua (Mjøsbrua), Gjøvik
Last updated: at 18:32
Distance: 15,0 km
Added by Statens vegvesen.
Hamar › South-West: Mjøsa, Hamar
Last updated: at 18:25
Distance: 15,3 km
Added by hht.no.
Decimal coordinates: 60.8854 10.9326
Altitude: ca. 137 m.a.s.l. (approximate)


DIK-6050 Automatic control Rainfall Simulator
By feedback control of a flow meter, it is always possible to maintain stable rainfall intensity.
Data such as rainfall intensity and raindrop diameter can be stored in every one minute, and stored to a USB.
After setting up rainfall intensity, start and stop time and raindrop diameter, it is possible to the continuously automatic operation with maximum 5 patterns.
|Artificial raindrop generator 1unit|
|Effective rainfall area||1㎡ (1m x 1m)|
|Effective height||Approx. 2m|
|Changeable range of raindrop size||1.9 – 2.8mm|
（※）The measurement technique is based on our regulations, and the one in the range of the effective rainfall.
|regular rainfall mode|
(the nozzle without velocity revolution) : within ±10%
Random rainfall mode : within ±20%
|Water supply tank 1 unit|
|Power source||100VAC 2.5A|


Weather next week?
Coming to St Croix this Saturday and saw that the weather doesn't look oh so nice. So it says rain most of the days we will be there, my question is: does it rain for a short time and then it will be mostly nice (ie Florida)? Or will it be mostly cloudy and raining most of the day? I know here in Buffalo it could call for Rain and depending where you are it, it could be Sunny and nice or downright nasty. Thanks. Still will be better than 55 and raining here in NY. 🙂
Most of the time the forecast is 20% chance of rain every day which means at any one place in the island you might get a short shower between sun. Like Florida only better. Unless you have bad luck like I did on the very first trip to STX where it rained every day most of the day, and everyone on the island said they've never seen so much rain before. The forecast will likely change every day.
Bring shorts and baby powder. Its swamp ass hot. Some rain - usually short spurts. Water is murky lately out west which sucks. Still can see seahorses and frogfish and macro life - but not any good distance lately.
Did anyone read the swamp ass from Women who live on rocks last week. HILARIOUS. Love their blog.
*** The views and opinions expressed in my posts are soley those of A&A2VI and other like minded islanders. These views and opinions do not necessarily represent those of the majority or any/all contributors to this site. Have a GREAT DAY!


Florence has regained hurricane strength this morning, but Bermuda should be spared severe winds.
Florence is labelled a potential threat to the island because its centre is expected to pass within 460 miles in the next 72 hours.
- FULL ARTICLE
- Saturday Sep 8, 2018 8:00 am
As of 6pm, Tropical Storm Florence lay 900 miles east-southeast of the island, and was headed west-southwest at...
- Sep 7, 2018 8:00 am
Stormy weather driving across the island ahead of Tropical Storm Florence yielded a striking shot of lightning off the West...
- Sep 7, 2018 2:55 pm
Hurricane Chris posed no threat to Bermuda by early evening yesterday.
The storm’s closest point to the island had...
- Jul 12, 2018 8:00 am
The centre of Hurricane Chris will pass northwest of the island this morning.
The Bermuda Weather Service said the...
- Jul 10, 2018 12:46 pm
Tropical Storm Chris is predicted to become a hurricane by this afternoon, according to the Bermuda Weather Service.
- Jul 10, 2018 8:00 am
The first hurricane of the season has formed in the West Atlantic.
Hurricane Beryl, upgraded overnight from a tropical...
- Jul 6, 2018 8:00 am
Brown to receive further fees compensation
Cannonier to purge OBA of UBP remnants
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Frontier named island’s top employer
Man helped woman dodge parking payment
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Spain’s state weather agency, AEMET, has upgraded it’s warning for bad weather, storms, and torrential to “Red” alert. This is the highest level of alert which the agency publishes.
For the South of the Alicante province, the storm is expected to hit at around 0600 on Thursday and run through to 0600 on Friday. In the North of the Alicante province the red alert will run from midnight (Thursday) through to 1200 (Thursday) when the alert is expected to change to orange.
In the North of the Alicante province, AEMET is forcasting 180 liters per square meter in just 12 hours and up to 90 liters in one hour.
In the Mar Menor area on the Costa Calida, red alert is expected from 0600 (Thursday) to 0600 (Friday).
At 3pm this afternoon (Wednesday) the authorities announce the closure of all schools on Thursday in: Orihuela, Torrevieja, Cox, Granja de Rocamora, Redován, Bigastro, Albatera, Almoradí, Los Montesinos, Guardamar del Segura, Benejúzar, Catral, Rafal, San Fulgencio, Dolores, San Miguel de Salinas, Formentera del Segura, Benferri, Rojales and Callosa de Segura.


Weather in Sai Buri, Thailand
Feels like 78°
Time in Sai Buri6:20 AM Tue, Sep 27
Get More!Download Tomorrow.io app
Wat Wimon WatthanaramMatsayit Ta Lu BanBaraso Da Run Mutta KanMatsayit Ban Lamo BokMatsayit Ta BingWat Noen Pha Lo Ka RamMatsayit Pa Se Ya WoMatsayit Chue NgaMatsayit Ku Bae Ba DoWat ThamphawatMatsayit Nu Run Am ManMatsayit ChaithaleMatsayit Pa Ta Ti MoMatsayit Wai KhomBaraso Pa ChoWat SutthikawatMatsayit Thung NoiMatsayit Chong MaeoMatsayit Cha KongMatsayit Bang Ta YatAmphoe Sai BuriAmphoe Mai KaenAmphoe KaphoAmphoe PanareAmphoe Ba ChoAmphoe Thung Yang DaengAmphoe MayoAmphoe YaringAmphoe RamanYaringAmphoe Yi-ngoAmphoe YarangAmphoe RuesoNarathiwatAmphoe Mueang NarathiwatYalaAmphoe Mueang PattaniAmphoe Mae LanAmphoe Mueang Yala
Air quality index:Moderate
Upcoming daysFull Details
How warm does it get in Sai Buri?
The average annual highest temperature in Sai Buri is 32.6°C (90.7°F), and the May 8th is the hottest day on average.
How cold does it get in Sai Buri?
The average annual lowest temperature in Sai Buri is 23.9°C (75.0°F), and the January 21st is the coldest day on average.
Which month has the most rain in Sai Buri?
The wettest months in Sai Buri are December and November.
Get More in the App
Real time alerts, minute by minute forecast


Severe storms destroy homes, injure 5
In Van Buren County, at least six homes were destroyed leaving those families looking for somewhere else to sleep Wednesday night. The Arkansas Department of Emergency Management (ADEM) says 55 homes were damaged in the state. Thirty-three of those homes were in Van Buren County, 15 in Izard County.
Five people were hurt according to Tommy Jackson with ADEM. In Horseshoe Bend Police say a woman suffered a broken leg due to the storms.
The National Weather Service is surveying areas Thursday to determine whether tornadoes or strong winds caused damage.


Estate to close tomorrow amid high wind warning
- Credit: Martin Ive
A popular north Norfolk estate plans to close its grounds tomorrow due to a high wind warning from the Met Office.
Holkham Estate said it would close Holkham Park and Lady Anne’s Drive including The Lookout on Wednesday, March 13, but that the Beach Road car park and Wells Beach Cafe would remain open.
The Met Office has issued a yellow warning for wind tomorrow, with strong northwesterly winds expected and possible transport disruption.
The service said some short term loss of power and other services was possible. It is likely that some coastal routes, sea fronts and coastal communities will be affected by spray and large waves.
Winds overnight and tomorrow are expected to be in excess of 30-40mph, with gusts at more than 55mph.
There is about a 30pc chance it will rain tomorrow morning in north Norfolk, easing off throughout the day.


, Coalition of Alabama Students for the Environment, Jacksonville State University
Clean Air Act Regulations Upheld
On Tuesday, a Washington, D.C. federal appeals court upheld EPA's finding that greenhouse gases are a threat to public health and should therefore be regulated. The Washington Post has the story:
The opponents, including Virginia’s attorney general, Ken Cuccinelli II (R), argued that EPA rules setting emissions standards for cars and light trucks, and requiring construction and operating permits for the nation’s largest emitters of greenhouse gases, such as coal-fired power plants, were based on a faulty interpretation of the Clean Air Act, and therefore capricious and heavy handed.
But the court rejected the challenge, calling EPA's interpretation "unambiguously correct." In particular, the judges scorned the opponents' complaint that EPA relied on climate science to make a decision about… climate science. In an amusingly sarcastic opinion, the court said, "This is how science works. EPA is not required to re-prove the existence of the atom every time it approaches a scientific question."
[ Read More... ]